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Kinmonth-Schultz H, Walker SM, Bingol K, Hoyt DW, Kim YM, Markillie LM, Mitchell HD, Nicora CD, Taylor R, Ward JK. Oligosaccharide production and signaling correlate with delayed flowering in an Arabidopsis genotype grown and selected in high [CO2]. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287943. [PMID: 38153952 PMCID: PMC10754469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since industrialization began, atmospheric CO2 ([CO2]) has increased from 270 to 415 ppm and is projected to reach 800-1000 ppm this century. Some Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) genotypes delayed flowering in elevated [CO2] relative to current [CO2], while others showed no change or accelerations. To predict genotype-specific flowering behaviors, we must understand the mechanisms driving flowering response to rising [CO2]. [CO2] changes alter photosynthesis and carbohydrates in plants. Plants sense carbohydrate levels, and exogenous carbohydrate application influences flowering time and flowering transcript levels. We asked how organismal changes in carbohydrates and transcription correlate with changes in flowering time under elevated [CO2]. We used a genotype (SG) of Arabidopsis that was selected for high fitness at elevated [CO2] (700 ppm). SG delays flowering under elevated [CO2] (700 ppm) relative to current [CO2] (400 ppm). We compared SG to a closely related control genotype (CG) that shows no [CO2]-induced flowering change. We compared metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles in these genotypes at current and elevated [CO2] to assess correlations with flowering in these conditions. While both genotypes altered carbohydrates in response to elevated [CO2], SG had higher levels of sucrose than CG and showed a stronger increase in glucose and fructose in elevated [CO2]. Both genotypes demonstrated transcriptional changes, with CG increasing genes related to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate breakdown, amino acid synthesis, and secondary metabolites; and SG decreasing genes related to starch and sugar metabolism, but increasing genes involved in oligosaccharide production and sugar modifications. Genes associated with flowering regulation within the photoperiod, vernalization, and meristem identity pathways were altered in these genotypes. Elevated [CO2] may alter carbohydrates to influence transcription in both genotypes and delayed flowering in SG. Changes in the oligosaccharide pool may contribute to delayed flowering in SG. This work extends the literature exploring genotypic-specific flowering responses to elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kinmonth-Schultz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- Departiment of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen Michael Walker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Kerem Bingol
- Department of Energy, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - David W. Hoyt
- Department of Energy, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Department of Energy, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Hugh D. Mitchell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Department of Energy, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Ronald Taylor
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Joy K. Ward
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Gao J, Duan M, Hasi G, Yang J, Yan C, Kang Y, Qi Z. Comparison of two contrasting Leymus chinensis accessions reveals the roles of the cell wall and auxin in rhizome development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154003. [PMID: 37301035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leymus chinensis, a perennial native forage grass, is widely distributed in the steppes of Inner Mongolia as the dominant species. The main reproductive strategy of this grass is clonal propagation, which occurs via the proliferation of subterranean horizontal stems known as rhizomes. To elucidate the mechanism underlying rhizome development in this grass, we collected 60 accessions of L. chinensis and evaluated their rhizome development. One accession, which we named SR-74 (Strong Rhizomes), had significantly better rhizome development capacity than the accession WR-16 (Weak Rhizomes) in terms of rhizome number, total and primary rhizome length, and number of rhizome seedlings. Rhizome elongation was positively correlated with the number of internodes in the rhizome, which affected plant biomass. Compared to WR-16, SR-74 had higher rhizome tip hardness, higher abundance of transcripts participating in the biosynthesis of cell wall components, and higher levels of the metabolites L-phenylalanine, trans-cinnamic acid, 3-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and coniferin. These metabolites in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway are precursors of lignin. In addition, SR-74 rhizomes contained higher amounts of auxin and auxin metabolites, including L-Trp, IPA, IBA, IAA and IAA-Asp, as well as upregulated expression of the auxin biosynthesis and signaling genes YUCCA6, YUCCA8, YUCCA10, YUCCA11, PIN1, PIN2, UGT1, UGT2, UGT4, UGT10, GH3, IAA7, IAA23, and IAA30. We propose a network between auxin signaling and the cell wall underlying rhizome development in L. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Menglu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Gaowa Hasi
- Grassland Work Station of East Ujimqin Banner of Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia, East Ujimqin Banner, 026300, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Yan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
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Jaiswal D, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Dose differentiation in elevated UV-B manifests variable response of carbon-nitrogen content with changes in secondary metabolites of Curcuma caesia Roxb. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:72871-72885. [PMID: 35616842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite acting as environmental stress, UV-B also plays a regulatory role in the plant's growth and secondary metabolism. UV-B-induced changes show variations between and among the species. The present study mainly focuses on variations in carbon and nitrogen contents and their relation with the phytochemical constituents of Curcuma caesia exposed to two different doses of UV-B (ambient ± elevated UV-B for 1 h (2.4 kJ m-2 day-1) and 2 h (4.8 kJ m-2 day-1)) under natural field conditions. Results showed that increasing the dose of eUV-B leads to high tuber biomass and reduced rhizome biomass (the medicinally important part). Increased expression of compounds at the initial rhizome formation stage might be due to the increased carbon content, whereas no such trend was found at the final growth or rhizome maturation stage. After final harvesting, carbon content was reduced, with an increase of nitrogen content which might be responsible for enhanced production of major components of essential oil (D-camphor and 1,8-cineole) in 2 h of UV-B exposure followed by 1 h. The phytochemical analysis at the final stage showed induction of compounds (15 and 10 in 1 h and 2 h, respectively) after UV-B exposure which was not detected in controls. The present study suggests that the change in carbon-nitrogen played an important role in the fraction of compounds at different stages, and a lower dose of UV-B (1 h) favoured the increased production of essential oil; however, 2 h dose is important for the enhanced production of major active compounds of essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshi Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Yu J, Li M, Li Q, Wang R, Li R, Yang Z. Reallocation of Soluble Sugars and IAA Regulation in Association with Enhanced Stolon Growth by Elevated CO2 in Creeping Bentgrass. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111500. [PMID: 35684273 PMCID: PMC9182622 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extensive stolon development and growth are superior traits for rapid establishment as well as post-stress regeneration in stoloniferous grass species. Despite the importance of those stoloniferous traits, the regulation mechanisms of stolon growth and development are largely unknown. The objectives of this research were to elucidate the effects of the reallocation of soluble sugars for energy reserves and endogenous hormone levels for cell differentiation and regeneration in regulating stolon growth of a perennial turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Plants were grown in growth chambers with two CO2 concentrations: ambient CO2 concentration (400 ± 10 µmol mol−1) and elevated CO2 concentration (800 ± 10 µmol mol−1). Elevated CO2 enhanced stolon growth through increasing stolon internode number and internode length in creeping bentgrass, as manifested by the longer total stolon length and greater shoot biomass. The content of glucose, sucrose, and fructose as well as endogenous IAA were accumulated in stolon nodes and internodes but not in leaves or roots under elevated CO2 concentration. These results illustrated that the production and reallocation of soluble sugars to stolons as well as the increased level of IAA in stolon nodes and internodes could contribute to the enhancement of stolon growth under elevated CO2 in creeping bentgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Yu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (M.L.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Meng Li
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (M.L.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Qiuguo Li
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (M.L.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruying Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Ruonan Li
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (M.L.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Zhimin Yang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.Y.); (M.L.); (Q.L.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Thakur D, Münzbergová Z. Rhizome trait scaling relationships are modulated by growth conditions and are linked to plant fitness. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:529-540. [PMID: 35180294 PMCID: PMC9007095 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rhizomes are important organs allowing many clonal plants to persist and reproduce under stressful climates with longer rhizomes, indicating enhanced ability of the plants to spread vegetatively. We do not, however, know either how rhizome construction costs change with increasing length or how they vary with environmental conditions. METHODS We analysed the rhizome length vs. mass scaling relationship, the plasticity in the scaling relationships, their genetic basis and how scaling relationships are linked to plant fitness. We used data from 275 genotypes of a clonal grass Festuca rubra originating from 11 localities and cultivated under four contrasting climates. Data were analysed using standard major axis regression, mixed-effect regression models and a structural equation model. KEY RESULTS Rhizome construction costs increased (i.e. lower specific rhizome length) with increasing length. The trait scaling relationships were modulated by cultivation climate, and its effects also interacted with the climate of origin of the experimental plants. With increasing length, increasing moisture led to a greater increase in rhizome construction costs. Plants with lower rhizome construction costs showed significantly higher fitness. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that rhizome scaling relationships are plastic, but also show genetic differentiation and are linked to plant fitness. Therefore, to persist under variable environments, modulation in scaling relationships could be an important plant strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thakur
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Effect of enriched CO2 atmosphere on morphological and chemical characteristics of Alternanthera philoxeroides. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2021.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rho H, Doty SL, Kim SH. Endophytes alleviate the elevated CO2-dependent decrease in photosynthesis in rice, particularly under nitrogen limitation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:707-718. [PMID: 31587073 PMCID: PMC6945999 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The positive effects of high atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2] decrease over time in most C3 plants because of down-regulation of photosynthesis. A notable exception to this trend is plants hosting N-fixing bacteria. The decrease in photosynthetic capacity associated with an extended exposure to high [CO2] was therefore studied in non-nodulating rice that can establish endophytic interactions. Rice plants were inoculated with diazotrophic endophytes isolated from the Salicaceae and CO2 response curves of photosynthesis were determined in the absence or presence of endophytes at the panicle initiation stage. Non-inoculated plants grown under elevated [CO2] showed a down-regulation of photosynthesis compared to those grown under ambient [CO2]. In contrast, the endophyte-inoculated plants did not show a decrease in photosynthesis associated with high [CO2], and they exhibited higher photosynthetic electron transport and mesophyll conductance rates than non-inoculated plants under high [CO2]. The endophyte-dependent alleviation of decreases in photosynthesis under high [CO2] led to an increase in water-use efficiency. These effects were most pronounced when the N supply was limited. The results suggest that inoculation with N-fixing endophytes could be an effective means of improving plant growth under high [CO2] by alleviating N limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Rho
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon Lafferty Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Rho H, Van Epps V, Wegley N, Doty SL, Kim SH. Salicaceae Endophytes Modulate Stomatal Behavior and Increase Water Use Efficiency in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:188. [PMID: 29552021 PMCID: PMC5840156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial and yeast endophytes isolated from the Salicaceae family have been shown to promote growth and alleviate stress in plants from different taxa. To determine the physiological pathways through which endophytes affect plant water relations, we investigated leaf water potential, whole-plant water use, and stomatal responses of rice plants to Salicaceae endophyte inoculation under CO2 enrichment and water deficit. Daytime stomatal conductance and stomatal density were lower in inoculated plants compared to controls. Leaf ABA concentrations increased with endophyte inoculation. As a result, transpirational water use decreased significantly with endophyte inoculation while biomass did not change or slightly increased. This response led to a significant increase in cumulative water use efficiency at harvest. Different endophyte strains produced the same results in host plant water relations and stomatal responses. These stomatal responses were also observed under elevated CO2 conditions, and the increase in water use efficiency was more pronounced under water deficit conditions. The effect on water use efficiency was positively correlated with daily light integrals across different experiments. Our results provide insights on the physiological mechanisms of plant-endophyte interactions involving plant water relations and stomatal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Rho
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Victor Van Epps
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicholas Wegley
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sharon L. Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Zhang N, Lin J, Yang Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Cheng L, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Mu C. The tolerance of growth and clonal propagation of Phragmites australis (common reeds) subjected to lead contamination under elevated CO 2conditions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated CO2might improve growth and clonal propagation resistance to Pb contamination through increasing photosynthetic, phalanx growth and population expansion.
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Yu D, Zhang N, Lin J, Zhang J, Tang J, Wang J, Mu C. The influence of precipitation regimes and elevated CO2 on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation and partitioning in seedlings of the rhizomatous perennial grass Leymus chinensis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103633. [PMID: 25093814 PMCID: PMC4122356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leymus chinensis is a dominant, rhizomatous perennial C3 species in the grasslands of Songnen Plain of Northern China, and its productivity has decreased year by year. To determine how productivity of this species responds to different precipitation regimes, elevated CO2 and their interaction in future, we measured photosynthetic parameters, along with the accumulation and partitioning of biomass. Plants were subjected to combinations of three precipitation gradients (normal precipitation, versus normal ± 40%) and two CO2 levels (380 ± 20 µmol mol(-1),760 ± 20 µmol mol(-1)) in controlled-environment chambers. The net photosynthetic rate, and above-ground and total biomass increased due to both elevated CO2 and increasing precipitation, but not significantly so when precipitation increased from the normal to high level under CO2 enrichment. Water use efficiency and the ratio of root: total biomass increased significantly when precipitation was low, but decreased when it was high under CO2 enrichment. Moreover, high precipitation at the elevated level of CO2 increased the ratio between stem biomass and total biomass. The effect of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation was higher at the low level of precipitation than with normal or high precipitation. The results suggest that at ambient CO2 levels, the net photosynthetic rate and biomass of L. chinensis increase with precipitation, but those measures are not further affected by additional precipitation when CO2 is elevated. Furthermore, CO2 may partly compensate for the negative effect of low precipitation on the growth and development of L. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dafu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jixiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Nature Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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AbdElgawad H, Peshev D, Zinta G, Van den Ende W, Janssens IA, Asard H. Climate extreme effects on the chemical composition of temperate grassland species under ambient and elevated CO2: a comparison of fructan and non-fructan accumulators. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92044. [PMID: 24670435 PMCID: PMC3966776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality and decomposition rates. To investigate the impact of climate extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: the fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, and the nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina and Lotus corniculatus were subjected to water deficit at elevated temperature (+3°C), under ambient CO2 (392 ppm) and elevated CO2 (620 ppm). As a general observation, the effects of the climate extreme were larger and more ubiquitous in combination with elevated CO2. The imposed climate extreme increased non-structural carbohydrate and phenolics in all species, whereas it increased lignin in legumes and decreased tannins in grasses. However, there was no significant effect of climate extreme on structural carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral contents and stoichiometric ratios. In combination with elevated CO2, climate extreme elicited larger increases in fructan and sucrose content in the grasses without affecting the total carbohydrate content, while it significantly increased total carbohydrates in legumes. The accumulation of carbohydrates in legumes was accompanied by higher activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. In the legumes, elevated CO2 in combination with climate extreme reduced protein, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents and the total element:N ratio and it increased phenol, lignin, tannin, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) contents and C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. On the other hand, the tissue composition of the fructan accumulating grasses was not affected at this level, in line with recent views that fructans contribute to cellular homeostasis under stress. It is speculated that quality losses will be less prominent in grasses (fructan accumulators) than legumes under climate extreme and its combination with elevated CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Darin Peshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Lilley JLS, Gee CW, Sairanen I, Ljung K, Nemhauser JL. An endogenous carbon-sensing pathway triggers increased auxin flux and hypocotyl elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:2261-70. [PMID: 23073695 PMCID: PMC3510146 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.205575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The local environment has a substantial impact on early seedling development. Applying excess carbon in the form of sucrose is known to alter both the timing and duration of seedling growth. Here, we show that sucrose changes growth patterns by increasing auxin levels and rootward auxin transport in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Sucrose likely interacts with an endogenous carbon-sensing pathway via the PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) family of transcription factors, as plants grown in elevated carbon dioxide showed the same PIF-dependent growth promotion. Overexpression of PIF5 was sufficient to suppress photosynthetic rate, enhance response to elevated carbon dioxide, and prolong seedling survival in nitrogen-limiting conditions. Thus, PIF transcription factors integrate growth with metabolic demands and thereby facilitate functional equilibrium during photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilkka Sairanen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (J.L.S.L., C.W.G., J.L.N.); Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE–901 83 Umea, Sweden (I.S., K.L.)
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (J.L.S.L., C.W.G., J.L.N.); Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE–901 83 Umea, Sweden (I.S., K.L.)
| | - Jennifer L. Nemhauser
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (J.L.S.L., C.W.G., J.L.N.); Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE–901 83 Umea, Sweden (I.S., K.L.)
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