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Pang Y, Liao Q, Peng H, Qian C, Wang F. CO 2 mesophyll conductance regulated by light: a review. PLANTA 2023; 258:11. [PMID: 37289402 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Light quality and intensity regulate plant mesophyll conductance, which has played an essential role in photosynthesis by controlling leaf structural and biochemical properties. Mesophyll conductance (gm), a crucial physiological factor influencing the photosynthetic rate of leaves, is used to describe the resistance of CO2 from the sub-stomatal cavity into the chloroplast up to the carboxylation site. Leaf structural and biochemical components, as well as external environmental factors such as light, temperature, and water, all impact gm. As an essential factor of plant photosynthesis, light affects plant growth and development and plays a vital role in regulating gm as well as determining photosynthesis and yield. This review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of gm response to light. Both structural and biochemical perspectives were combined to reveal the effects of light quality and intensity on the gm, providing a guide for selecting the optimal conditions for intensifying photosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Pang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Qiuhong Liao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Honggui Peng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Chun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China.
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2
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Du H, Fang C, Li Y, Kong F, Liu B. Understandings and future challenges in soybean functional genomics and molecular breeding. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:468-495. [PMID: 36511121 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a major source of plant protein and oil. Soybean breeding has benefited from advances in functional genomics. In particular, the release of soybean reference genomes has advanced our understanding of soybean adaptation to soil nutrient deficiencies, the molecular mechanism of symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and the roles of flowering time in regional adaptation, plant architecture, and seed yield and quality. Nevertheless, many challenges remain for soybean functional genomics and molecular breeding, mainly related to improving grain yield through high-density planting, maize-soybean intercropping, taking advantage of wild resources, utilization of heterosis, genomic prediction and selection breeding, and precise breeding through genome editing. This review summarizes the current progress in soybean functional genomics and directs future challenges for molecular breeding of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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3
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Wu Y, Chen P, Gong W, Gul H, Zhu J, Yang F, Wang X, Yong T, Liu J, Pu T, Yan Y, Yang W. Morphological and physiological variation of soybean seedlings in response to shade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1015414. [PMID: 36275582 PMCID: PMC9583947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a legume species that is widely used in intercropping. Quantitative analyses of plasticity and genetic differences in soybean would improve the selection and breeding of soybean in intercropping. Here, we used data of 20 varieties from one year artificial shading experiment and one year intercropping experiment to characterize the morphological and physiological traits of soybean seedlings grown under shade and full sun light conditions. Our results showed that shade significantly decreased biomass, leaf area, stem diameter, fraction of dry mass in petiole, leaf mass per unit area, chlorophyll a/b ratio, net photosynthetic rate per unit area at PAR of 500 μmol m-2 s-1 and 1,200 μmol m-2 s-1 of soybean seedling, but significantly increased plant height, fraction of dry mass in stem and chlorophyll content. Light × variety interaction was significant for all measured traits, light effect contributed more than variety effect. The biomass of soybean seedlings was positively correlated with leaf area and stem diameter under both shade and full sunlight conditions, but not correlated with plant height and net photosynthetic rate. The top five (62.75% variation explained) most important explanatory variables of plasticity of biomass were that the plasticity of leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaflet area, plant height and chlorophyll content, whose total weight were 1, 0.9, 0.3, 0.2, 0.19, respectively. The plasticity of biomass was positively correlated with plasticity of leaf area and leaflet area but significant negative correlated with plasticity of plant height. The principal component one account for 42.45% variation explain. A cluster analysis further indicated that soybean cultivars were classified into three groups and cultivars; Jiandebaimaodou, Gongdou 2, and Guixia 3 with the maximum plasticity of biomass. These results suggest that for soybean seedlings grown under shade increasing the capacity for light interception by larger leaf area is more vital than light searching (plant height) and light conversion (photosynthetic rate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanzhuo Gong
- Crop Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hina Gul
- National Center of Industrial Biotechnology (NCIB), PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Junqi Zhu
- Plant and Food Research, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
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4
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Liang H, Liu B, Wu C, Zhang X, Wang M, Huang X, Wan L, Tang H. Effects of light intensity on the growth of Polygala fallax Hemsl. (Polygalaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985628. [PMID: 36092442 PMCID: PMC9459231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polygala fallax Hemsl. (Polygalaceae), a traditional Chinese medicinal species, requires optimal growth conditions for artificial cultivation. Irradiance is one of the primary environmental factors that affects the growth and survival of P. fallax Hemsl. plants, which seemingly grow better under weak irradiance conditions. However, the optimum light intensity for growing P. fallax Hemsl. is not clear. To determine the optimum light intensity for cultivating this medicinal plant species, P. fallax Hemsl. plants from two different habitats were grown and exposed to three shade treatments (50% shade, 70% shade and 90% shade, which resulted in photosynthetically active radiation amounts equal to 662 μmol m-2 s-1, 401 μmol m-2 s-1, and 131 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively) to evaluate survival, growth, leaf photosynthesis, and the main pharmacological active ingredients (saponins) in response to shade. Our results revealed that the P. fallax Hemsl. plants in the different habitats consistently exhibited relatively high photosynthesis rates, biomass, survival rates and saponins under 662 μmol m-2 s-1 created by the 50% shade treatment. We concluded that photosynthetically active radiation of approximately 662 μmol m-2 s-1 is suitable for the cultivation of P. fallax Hemsl. plants.
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Pinnamaneni SR, Anapalli SS, Reddy KN. Photosynthetic Response of Soybean and Cotton to Different Irrigation Regimes and Planting Geometries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:894706. [PMID: 36003824 PMCID: PMC9393717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are the major row crops in the USA, and growers are tending toward the twin-row system and irrigation to increase productivity. In a 2-year study (2018 and 2019), we examined the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to better understand the regulatory and adaptive mechanisms of the photosynthetic components of cotton and soybean grown under varying levels of irrigations and planting geometries in a split-plot experiment. The main plots were three irrigation regimes: (i) all furrows irrigation (AFI), (ii) alternate or skipped furrow irrigation (SFI), and iii) no irrigation or rainfed (RF), and the subplots were two planting patterns, single-row (SR) and twin-row (TR). The light response curves at vegetative and reproductive phases revealed lower photosynthesis rates in the RF crops than in AFI and SFI. A higher decrease was noticed in RF soybean for light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) than that of RF cotton. The decrease in the maximum assimilation rate (Amax) was higher in soybean than cotton. A decrease of 12 and 17% in Amax was observed in RF soybean while the decrease is limited to 9 and 6% in RF cotton during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. Both stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) declined under RF. The moisture deficit stress resulted in enhanced operating quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), which is probably due to increased photorespiration. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a measure of thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy, and quantum efficiency of dissipation by down-regulation (ΦNPQ) increased significantly in both crops up to 50% under RF conditions. The photochemical quenching declined by 28% in soybean and 26% in cotton. It appears soybean preferentially uses non-photochemical energy dissipation while cotton uses elevated electron transport rate (ETR) under RF conditions for light energy utilization. No significant differences among SR and TR systems were observed for LCP, LSP, AQE, Amax, gs, E, ETR, and various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. This study reveals preferential use of non-photochemical energy dissipation in soybean while cotton uses both photochemical and non-photochemical energy dissipation to protect PSI and PSII centers and ETR, although they fall under C3 species when exposed to moisture limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa R. Pinnamaneni
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Krishna N. Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, United States
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6
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Effect of Light Intensity on Morphology, Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131688. [PMID: 35807640 PMCID: PMC9269066 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To understand how light intensity influences plant morphology and photosynthesis in the forage crop alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Zhongmu 1), we investigated changes in leaf angle orientation, chlorophyll fluorescence, parameters of photosynthesis and expression of genes related to enzymes involved in photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle and carbon metabolism in alfalfa seedlings exposed to five light intensities (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1) under hydroponic conditions. Seedlings grown under low light intensities had significantly increased plant height, leaf hyponasty, specific leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen content and maximal PSII quantum yield, but the increased light-capturing capacity generated a carbon resource cost (e.g., decreased carbohydrates and biomass accumulation). Increased light intensity significantly improved leaf orientation toward the sun and upregulated the genes for Calvin cycle enzymes, thereby increasing photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, high light (400 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1) significantly enhanced carbohydrate accumulation, accompanied by gene upregulation and increased activity of sucrose and starch-synthesis-related enzymes and those involved in carbon metabolism. Together, these results advance our understanding of morphological and physiological regulation in shade avoidance in alfalfa, which would guide the identification of suitable spatial planting patterns in the agricultural system.
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Shao C, Jiao H, Chen J, Zhang C, Liu J, Chen J, Li Y, Huang J, Yang B, Liu Z, Shen C. Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Are Jointly Regulated During Shading in Roots and Leaves of Camellia Sinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:894840. [PMID: 35498711 PMCID: PMC9051521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that plant shading can promote the quality of green tea. However, the association of shading with metabolic regulation in tea leaves and roots remains unelucidated. Here, the metabolic profiling of two tea cultivars ("Xiangfeicui" and "Jinxuan") in response to shading and relighting periods during the summer season was performed using non-targeted metabolomics methods. The metabolic pathway analyses revealed that long-term shading remarkably inhibit the sugar metabolism such as glycolysis, galactose metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway in the leaves and roots of "Xiangfeicui," and "Jinxuan" were more sensitive to light recovery changes. The lipid metabolism in the leaves and roots of "Xiangfeicui" was promoted by short-term shading, while it was inhibited by long-term shading. In addition, the intensity of the flavonoid metabolites in the leaves and roots of "Jinxuan" were upregulated with a trend of rising first and then decreasing under shading, and five flavonoid synthesis genes showed the same trend (F3H, F3'5'H, DFR, ANS, and ANR). Simultaneously, the amino acids of the nitrogen metabolism in the leaves and roots of the two cultivars were significantly promoted by long-term shading, while the purine and caffeine metabolism was inhibited in the leaves of "Xiangfeicui." Interestingly, CsGS1.1 and CsTSI, amino acid synthase genes was upregulated in the leaves and roots of two cultivars. These results indicated that shading could participate in carbon and nitrogen metabolic regulation of both leaf and root, and root metabolism could have a positive association with leaf metabolism to promote the shaded tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haizhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Tea Research Institution, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Liu H, Bao G, Dou Z, Liu H, Bai J, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Xi J. Response characteristics of highland barley under freeze-thaw, drought and artemisinin stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:126. [PMID: 35300590 PMCID: PMC8932327 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The freeze-thaw of early spring in China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is often accompanied by severe droughts. Artemisia annua, widely distributed in China, releases allelopathic substances, mainly artemisinin, to the environment and exerts a wide range of effects on crops. This paper studied the physiological effects of highland barley under freeze-thaw, drought, and artemisinin stress through indoor simulation experiments. The physiological response characteristics of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (POD) activity, net photosynthetic rate, relative water content (RWC), relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and soluble protein content in highland barley were analyzed. The results showed that artemisinin and drought contributed to the increase of SOD activity and the decrease of POD activity. Under the freeze-thaw stress, the SOD and POD activities both decreased firstly and then increased, but the effect of compound stress on POD was more complicated. Either artemisinin, drought, or low temperature could reduce the net photosynthetic rate of highland barley. Low temperature had more significant impacts on photosynthesis, and compound stress would show a single stress superimposed effect. Artemisinin, drought, and low temperature could reduce the RWC of highland barley, and increase the relative electrical conductivity and the concentration of soluble protein (except for low temperature stress above zero, which reduces the concentration of soluble protein). However, the effect of compound stress on soluble protein is more complex. The single stress of artemisinin and drought had no obvious effect on MDA content, while the MDA content was increased significantly under the freeze-thaw stress and the compound stress of artemisinin and drought, and the MDA content reached its peak at T1. The results are helpful to explore the effects of freeze-thaw, drought and artemisinin stress on the growth of highland barley under the background of the aridification of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and provide ideas for rational agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Liu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Guozhang Bao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Changchun, China.
| | - Zihao Dou
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Haoyuan Liu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jingqi Bai
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yifu Yuan
- College of Computer Science&Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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Cheng B, Wang L, Liu R, Wang W, Yu R, Zhou T, Ahmad I, Raza A, Jiang S, Xu M, Liu C, Yu L, Wang W, Jing S, Liu W, Yang W. Shade-Tolerant Soybean Reduces Yield Loss by Regulating Its Canopy Structure and Stem Characteristics in the Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848893. [PMID: 35371167 PMCID: PMC8967133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The shading of maize is an important factor, which leads to lodging and yield loss of soybean in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system, especially in areas with low solar radiation. This study was designed to explore how shade-tolerant soybean reduces yield loss by regulating its canopy structure and stem characteristics in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system. The soybean cultivars Tianlong No.1 (TL-1, representative of shade-tolerant plants) and Chuandou-16 (CD-16, representative of shade-intolerant plants) were grown in monocropping and intercropping systems from 2020 to 2021 in Chongzhou, Sichuan, China. Regardless of shade-intolerant or shade-tolerant soybean, the canopy and stem of soybean in strip intercropping were weaker than those of the corresponding monoculture. But compared with shade-intolerant soybean, the shade-tolerant soybean slightly changed its spatial structure of canopy and stem morphology and physiology in maize-soybean strip intercropping system, especially in the later growth stages. On the one hand, the canopy of shade-tolerant soybean showed relatively high transmission coefficient (TC) and relatively low leaf area index (LAI) and mean leaf angle (MLA). On the other hand, the stem of shade-tolerant soybean was obviously stronger than that of shade-intolerant soybean in terms of external morphology, internal structure, and physiological characteristics. Additionally, compared with shade-intolerant soybean, shade-tolerant soybean showed higher APnWP (the average net photosynthetic rate of the whole plant) and seed yield in the strip intercropping. The results showed that shade-tolerant soybean increased light energy capture and photosynthesis in the different canopy levels to promote the morphological and physiological development of the stem and ultimately reduce the yield loss of the strip intercropping system. However, the molecular mechanism of low radiation regulating soybean canopy structure (LAI, TC, and MLA) needs further in-depth research to provide theoretical guidance for cultivating plants with ideal canopy shape that can adapt to changing light environment in intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ranjin Liu
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weibing Wang
- Quxian Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dazhou, China
| | - Renwei Yu
- Quxian Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dazhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Raza
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengjun Jiang
- Chuanshanqu Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Suining, China
| | - Mei Xu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuzhong Jing
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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Moore VM, Schlautman B, Fei SZ, Roberts LM, Wolfe M, Ryan MR, Wells S, Lorenz AJ. Plant Breeding for Intercropping in Temperate Field Crop Systems: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843065. [PMID: 35432391 PMCID: PMC9009171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Monoculture cropping systems currently dominate temperate agroecosystems. However, intercropping can provide valuable benefits, including greater yield stability, increased total productivity, and resilience in the face of pest and disease outbreaks. Plant breeding efforts in temperate field crops are largely focused on monoculture production, but as intercropping becomes more widespread, there is a need for cultivars adapted to these cropping systems. Cultivar development for intercropping systems requires a systems approach, from the decision to breed for intercropping systems through the final stages of variety testing and release. Design of a breeding scheme should include information about species variation for performance in intercropping, presence of genotype × management interaction, observation of key traits conferring success in intercropping systems, and the specificity of intercropping performance. Together this information can help to identify an optimal selection scheme. Agronomic and ecological knowledge are critical in the design of selection schemes in cropping systems with greater complexity, and interaction with other researchers and key stakeholders inform breeding decisions throughout the process. This review explores the above considerations through three case studies: (1) forage mixtures, (2) perennial groundcover systems (PGC), and (3) soybean-pennycress intercropping. We provide an overview of each cropping system, identify relevant considerations for plant breeding efforts, describe previous breeding focused on the cropping system, examine the extent to which proposed theoretical approaches have been implemented in breeding programs, and identify areas for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M. Moore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Virginia M. Moore,
| | | | - Shui-zhang Fei
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lucas M. Roberts
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Marnin Wolfe
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Ryan
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Wells
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Aaron J. Lorenz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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11
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Hussain S, Ulhassan Z, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Allakhverdiev SI, Yang X, Safdar ME, Yang W, Liu W. Photosynthesis research under climate change. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:5-19. [PMID: 34235625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global population and climate change uncertainties have compelled increased photosynthetic efficiency and yields to ensure food security over the coming decades. Potentially, genetic manipulation and minimization of carbon or energy losses can be ideal to boost photosynthetic efficiency or crop productivity. Despite significant efforts, limited success has been achieved. There is a need for thorough improvement in key photosynthetic limiting factors, such as stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, biochemical capacity combined with Rubisco, the Calvin-Benson cycle, thylakoid membrane electron transport, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon metabolism or fixation pathways. In addition, the mechanistic basis for the enhancement in photosynthetic adaptation to environmental variables such as light intensity, temperature and elevated CO2 requires further investigation. This review sheds light on strategies to improve plant photosynthesis by targeting these intrinsic photosynthetic limitations and external environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Xinghong Yang
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, 271018, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Sheteiwy MS, Ali DFI, Xiong YC, Brestic M, Skalicky M, Hamoud YA, Ulhassan Z, Shaghaleh H, AbdElgawad H, Farooq M, Sharma A, El-Sawah AM. Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:195. [PMID: 33888066 PMCID: PMC8061216 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). RESULTS Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Dina Fathi Ismail Ali
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94911, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123, Al-Khoud, Oman
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed M El-Sawah
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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13
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Hussain S, Mumtaz M, Manzoor S, Shuxian L, Ahmed I, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Rastogi A, Ulhassan Z, Shafiq I, Allakhverdiev SI, Khurshid H, Yang W, Liu W. Foliar application of silicon improves growth of soybean by enhancing carbon metabolism under shading conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:43-52. [PMID: 33338819 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was set up to investigate physiological responses of soybeans to silicon (Si) under normal light and shade conditions. Two soybean varieties, Nandou 12 (shade resistant), and Nan 032-4 (shade susceptible), were tested. Our results revealed that under shading, the net assimilation rate and the plant growth were significantly reduced. However, foliar application of Si under normal light and shading significantly improved the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and decreased intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The net photosynthetic rate of Nandou 12 under normal light and shading increased by 46.4% and 33.3% respectively with Si treatment (200 mg/kg) compared to controls. Si application also enhanced chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, fresh weight, root length, root surface area, root volume, root-shoot ratio, and root dry weight under both conditions. Si application significantly increased the accumulation of some carbohydrates such as soluble sugar and sucrose in stems and leaves ensuring better stem strength under both conditions. Si application significantly increased the yield by increasing the number of effective pods per plant, the number of beans per plant and the weight of beans per plant. After Si treatment, the yield increased 24.5% under mono-cropping, and 17.41% under intercropping. Thus, Si is very effective in alleviating the stress effects of shading in intercropped soybeans by increasing the photosynthetic efficiency and lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Maryam Mumtaz
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Sumaira Manzoor
- Department of Botany, Government College University of Faisalabad, Layyah Campus, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Li Shuxian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Irshan Ahmed
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Iram Shafiq
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Haris Khurshid
- Oil Seed Research Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
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14
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Hussain S, Shuxian L, Mumtaz M, Shafiq I, Iqbal N, Brestic M, Shoaib M, Sisi Q, Li W, Mei X, Bing C, Zivcak M, Rastogi A, Skalicky M, Hejnak V, Weiguo L, Wenyu Y. Foliar application of silicon improves stem strength under low light stress by regulating lignin biosynthesis genes in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123256. [PMID: 32629356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve soybean's resistance to lodging, silicon (Si) solutions at concentrations of 0,100, 200,300 mg kg-1 were applied during the seedling stage. The Si accumulation in different parts of the plants, the photosynthetic parameters of leaves and chlorophyll content, the stem bending resistance, the expression of genes of lignin biosynthesis and associated enzyme activity and sap flow rates were measured at early and late growth stages. The potential mechanisms for how Si improve growth and shade tolerance, enhances lodging resistance and improves photosynthesis were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the use of Si amendments in agriculture. After application of Si at 200 mg kg-1, the net photosynthetic rate of soybeans increased by 46.4 % in the light and 33.3 % under shade. The application of Si increased chlorophyll content, and fresh weight of leaves, reduced leaf area and enhanced photosynthesis by increasing stomatal conductance. The activity of peroxidase (POD), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) increased during pre-and post-growth periods, whereas Si also increased lignin accumulation and inhibited lodging. We concluded that Si affects the composition of plant cell walls components, mostly by altering linkages of non-cellulosic polymers and lignin. The modifications of the cell wall network through Si application could be a useful strategy to reduce shading stress in intercropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Li Shuxian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Maryam Mumtaz
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Iram Shafiq
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, Australia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Qin Sisi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wang Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xu Mei
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chen Bing
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liu Weiguo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yang Wenyu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
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15
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Hussain S, Shafiq I, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Rastogi A, Mumtaz M, Hussain M, Iqbal N, Raza MA, Manzoor S, Liu W, Yang W. Titanium Application Increases Phosphorus Uptake Through Changes in Auxin Content and Root Architecture in Soybean ( Glycine Max L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:743618. [PMID: 34858450 PMCID: PMC8631872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient needed for plant growth, development, and production. A deficiency of P causes a severe impact on plant development and productivity. Several P-based fertilizers are being used in agriculture but limited uptake of P by the plant is still a challenge to be solved. Titanium (Ti) application increases the nutrient uptake by affecting the root growth; however, the role of Ti in plant biology, specifically its application under low light and phosphorus stress, has never been reported. Therefore, a pot study was planned with foliar application of Ti (in a different concentration ranging from 0 to 1,000 mg L-1) under different light and P concentrations. The result indicated that under shade and low P conditions the foliar application of Ti in different concentrations significantly improves the plant growth parameters such as root length, root surface area, root dry matter, and shoot dry matters. The increase was observed to be more than 100% in shade and low P stressed soybean root parameter with 500 mg L-1 of Ti treatment. Ti was observed to improve the plant growth both in high P and low P exposed plants, but the improvement was more obvious in Low P exposed plants. Auxin concentration in stressed and healthy plant roots was observed to be slightly increased with Ti application. Ti application was also observed to decrease rhizosphere soil pH and boosted the antioxidant enzymatic activities with an enhancement in photosynthetic efficiency of soybean plants under shade and P stress. With 500 mg L-1 of Ti treatment, the photosynthetic rate was observed to improve by 45% under shade and P stressed soybean plants. Thus, this work for the first time indicates a good potential of Ti application in the low light and P deficient agricultural fields for the purpose to improve plant growth and development parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Iram Shafiq
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maryam Mumtaz
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Manzoor
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Weiguo Liu,
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Wenyu Yang,
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