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Gabriel V, Lincoln A, Zdyrski C, Ralston A, Wickham H, Honold S, Ahmed BH, Paukner K, Feauto R, Merodio MM, Piñeyro P, Meyerholz D, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Evaluation of different media compositions promoting hepatocyte differentiation in the canine liver organoid model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28420. [PMID: 38590903 PMCID: PMC10999936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) self-assembled structures capable of replicating the microanatomy and physiology of the epithelial components of their organ of origin. Adult stem cell (ASC) derived organoids from the liver have previously been shown to differentiate into primarily mature cholangiocytes, and their partial differentiation into functional hepatocytes can be promoted using specific media compositions. While full morphological differentiation of mature hepatocytes from ASCs has not yet been reported for any species, the functional differentiation can be approximated using various media compositions. Six differentiation media formulations from published studies on hepatic organoids were used for the differentiation protocol. Target species for these protocols were humans, mice, cats, and dogs, and encompassed various combinations and concentrations of four major hepatocyte media components: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19), Dexamethasone (Dex), and Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor IX (DAPT). Additionally, removing R-spondin from basic organoid media has previously been shown to drive the differentiation of ASC into mature hepatocytes. Differentiation media (N = 20) were designed to encompass combinations of the four major hepatocyte media components. The preferred differentiation of ASC-derived organoids from liver tissue into mature hepatocytes over cholangiocytes was confirmed by albumin production in the culture supernatant. Out of the twenty media compositions tested, six media resulted in the production of the highest amounts of albumin in the supernatant of the organoids. The cell lines cultured using these six media were further characterized via histological staining, transmission electron microscopy, RNA in situ hybridization, analysis of gene expression patterns, immunofluorescence, and label-free proteomics. The results indicate that preferential hepatocyte maturation from canine ADC-derived organoids from liver tissue is mainly driven by Dexamethasone and DAPT components. FGF19 did not enhance organoid differentiation but improved cell culture survival. Furthermore, we confirm that removing R-spondin from the media is crucial for establishing mature hepatic organoid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Gabriel
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Addison Lincoln
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Hannah Wickham
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sydney Honold
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Basant H. Ahmed
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karel Paukner
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Ryan Feauto
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Maria M. Merodio
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
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Han Y, Yu Y, Miao D, Zhou M, Zhao J, Shao Z, Jin R, Le X, Li W, Xia Y. Targeting MET in NSCLC: An Ever-Expanding Territory. JTO Clin Res Rep 2024; 5:100630. [PMID: 38361739 PMCID: PMC10867448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
MET protooncogene (MET) alterations are known driver oncogenes in NSCLC. Since the identification of MET as a potential therapeutic target, extensive clinical trials have been performed. As a result, MET-targeted therapies, including MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and MET antibody-drug conjugates now play important roles in the standard treatment of MET-altered NSCLC; they have considerably improved the outcomes of patients with tumors that harbor MET oncogenic drivers. Although clinical agents are currently available and numerous other options are in development, particular challenges in the field require attention. For example, the therapeutic efficacy of each drug remains unsatisfactory, and concomitantly, the resistance mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, there is an urgent need for optimal drug sequencing and combinations, along with a thorough understanding of treatment resistance. In this review, we describe the current landscape of pertinent clinical trials focusing on MET-targeted strategies and discuss future developmental directions in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Miao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Bagias G, Misiakos EP, Charalampopoulos A, Zavras N, Sakellariou S, Schizas D, Sukhotnik I, Giamarelos E, Pikoulis E. The effect of hepatocyte growth factor on intestinal adaption in an experimental model of short bowel syndrome. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:80. [PMID: 36631569 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nowadays, the standard therapy for patients with short bowel syndrome is parenteral nutrition (PN). Various growth factors have been tested to achieve weaning from prolonged PN administration. We evaluated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on structural intestinal adaptation and cell proliferation in a rat model of SBS. METHODS Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups; group A rats (sham) underwent bowel transection, group B rats underwent a 75% bowel resection, and group C rats underwent the same procedure but were treated postoperatively with HGF. Histopathologic parameters of intestinal adaptation were determined, while microarray and rt-PCR analyses of ileal RNA were also performed. RESULTS Treatment with HGF resulted in significant increase in body weight, while the jejunal and ileal villus height and crypt depth were increased in HGF rats (36%, p < 0.05 and 27%, p < 0.05 respectively). Enterocyte proliferation was also significantly increased in HGF rats (21% p < 0.05). Microarray and quantitative rt-PCR analyses showed that the genes hgfac, rac 1, cdc42, and akt 1 were more than twofold up-regulated after HGF treatment. CONCLUSION HGF emerges as a growth factor that enhances intestinal adaptation. The future use of HGF may potentially reduce the requirement for PN in SBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bagias
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | - Nick Zavras
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Igor Sukhotnik
- Department of Pediatric Surgery B, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Evangelos Giamarelos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Li J, Peng Q, Yang R, Li K, Zhu P, Zhu Y, Zhou P, Szabó G, Zheng S. Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Machine Perfusion: An Emerging Novel Strategy for Organ Preservation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:713920. [PMID: 35024039 PMCID: PMC8744145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although solid organ transplantation remains the definitive management for patients with end-stage organ failure, this ultimate treatment has been limited by the number of acceptable donor organs. Therefore, efforts have been made to expand the donor pool by utilizing marginal organs from donation after circulatory death or extended criteria donors. However, marginal organs are susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and entail higher requirements for organ preservation. Recently, machine perfusion has emerged as a novel preservation strategy for marginal grafts. This technique continually perfuses the organs to mimic the physiologic condition, allows the evaluation of pretransplant graft function, and more excitingly facilitates organ reconditioning during perfusion with pharmacological, gene, and stem cell therapy. As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have anti-oxidative, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties, mounting studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of MSCs on organ IRI and solid organ transplantation. Therefore, MSCs are promising candidates for organ reconditioning during machine perfusion. This review provides an overview of the application of MSCs combined with machine perfusion for lung, kidney, liver, and heart preservation and reconditioning. Promising preclinical results highlight the potential clinical translation of this innovative strategy to improve the quality of marginal grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinbao Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery and Skin Regeneration, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Kunsheng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Garcia-Robledo JE, Rosell R, Ruíz-Patiño A, Sotelo C, Arrieta O, Zatarain-Barrón L, Ordoñez C, Jaller E, Rojas L, Russo A, de Miguel-Pérez D, Rolfo C, Cardona AF. KRAS and MET in non-small-cell lung cancer: two of the new kids on the 'drivers' block. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666211066064. [PMID: 35098800 PMCID: PMC8808025 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211066064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced to identify various critical oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalized treatment based on the tumor's molecular genomics. This review presents a comprehensive review of the biology, new therapeutic interventions, and resistance patterns of two well-defined subgroups, tumors with KRAS and MET alterations. We also discuss the status of molecular testing practices for these two key oncogenic drivers, considering the progressive introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RNA sequencing in regular clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)/Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
- Direction of Research and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Camila Ordoñez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elvira Jaller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Department of Clinical Oncology, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo, Messina, Italy Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego de Miguel-Pérez
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kim BM, Lee YJ, Choi YH, Park EM, Kang JL. Gas6 Ameliorates Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Bleomycin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1674. [PMID: 34829903 PMCID: PMC8615678 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by alveolar damage, lung edema, and exacerbated inflammatory response. Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) mediates many different functions, including cell survival, proliferation, inflammatory signaling, and apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis). The role of Gas6 in bleomycin (BLM)-induced ALI is unknown. We investigated whether exogenous administration of mouse recombinant Gas6 (rGas6) has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on BLM-induced ALI. Compared to mice treated with only BLM, the administration of rGas6 reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and increased the secretion of hepatocyte growth factor in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. rGas6 administration also reduced BLM-induced inflammation and apoptosis as evidenced by reduced neutrophil recruitment into the lungs, total protein levels in BAL fluid, caspase-3 activity, and TUNEL-positive lung cells in lung tissue. Apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages was also enhanced in mice treated with both BLM and rGas6 compared with mice treated with only BLM. rGas6 also had pro-resolving and anti-apoptotic effects in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and alveolar epithelial cell lines stimulated with BLM in vitro. These findings indicate that rGas6 may play a protective role in BLM-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Min Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (B.-M.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (B.-M.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (B.-M.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (B.-M.K.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
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Retinal Lineage Therapeutic Specific Effect of Human Orbital and Abdominal Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7022247. [PMID: 34712333 PMCID: PMC8548122 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7022247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are one of the main causes of complete blindness in aged population. In this study, we compared the therapeutic potential for retinal degeneration of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from abdominal subcutaneous fat (ABASCs) or from orbital fat (OASCs) due to their accessibility and mutual embryonic origin with retinal tissue, respectively. OASCs were found to protect RPE cells from cell death and were demonstrated to increase early RPE precursor markers, while ABASCs showed a raise in retinal precursor marker expression. Subretinal transplantation of OASCs in a mouse model of retinal degeneration led to restoration of the RPE layer while transplantation of ABASCs resulted in a significant restoration of the photoreceptor layer. Taken together, we demonstrated a lineage-specific therapeutic effect for either OASCs or ABASCs in retinal regeneration.
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Lee J, Kim SR, Lee C, Jun YI, Bae S, Yoon YJ, Kim OY, Gho YS. Extracellular vesicles from in vivo liver tissue accelerate recovery of liver necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12133. [PMID: 34401049 PMCID: PMC8357636 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles composed of proteolipid bilayers carrying various molecular signatures of the cells. As mediators of intercellular communications, EVs have gained great attention as new therapeutic agents in the field of nanomedicine. Therefore, many studies have explored the roles of cell-derived EVs isolated from cultured hepatocytes or stem cells as inducer of liver proliferation and regeneration under various pathological circumstances. However, study investigating the role of EVs directly isolated from liver tissue has not been performed. Herein, to understand the pathophysiological role and to investigate the therapeutic potential of in vivo liver EVs, we isolated EVs from both normal and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced damaged in vivo liver tissues. The in vivo EVs purified from liver tissues display typical features of EVs including spherical morphology, nano-size, and enrichment of tetraspanins. Interestingly, administration of both normal and damaged liver EVs significantly accelerated the recovery of liver tissue from CCl4-induced hepatic necrosis. This restorative action was through the induction of hepatocyte growth factor at the site of the injury. These results suggest that not only normal liver EVs but also damaged liver EVs play important pathophysiological roles of maintaining homeostasis after tissue damage. Our study, therefore, provides new insight into potentially developing in vivo EV-based therapeutics for preventing and treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Lee
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Sae Rom Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Ye In Jun
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Seoyoon Bae
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Yae Jin Yoon
- Genome Editing Research CentreKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Oh Youn Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
- Department of MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangRepublic of Korea
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9
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Gundogdu G, Tosun M, Morhardt D, Gheinani AH, Algarrahi K, Yang X, Costa K, Alegria CG, Adam RM, Yang W, Mauney JR. Molecular mechanisms of esophageal epithelial regeneration following repair of surgical defects with acellular silk fibroin grafts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7086. [PMID: 33782465 PMCID: PMC8007829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructive remodeling of focal esophageal defects with biodegradable acellular grafts relies on the ability of host progenitor cell populations to repopulate implant regions and facilitate growth of de novo functional tissue. Intrinsic molecular mechanisms governing esophageal repair processes following biomaterial-based, surgical reconstruction is largely unknown. In the present study, we utilized mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics and in silico pathway evaluations to identify signaling cascades which were significantly activated during neoepithelial formation in a Sprague Dawley rat model of onlay esophagoplasty with acellular silk fibroin scaffolds. Pharmacologic inhibitor and rescue experiments revealed that epithelialization of neotissues is significantly dependent in part on pro-survival stimuli capable of suppressing caspase activity in epithelial progenitors via activation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET), tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling mechanisms. These data highlight the molecular machinery involved in esophageal epithelial regeneration following surgical repair with acellular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Gundogdu
- Departments of Urology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Mehmet Tosun
- Departments of Urology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Duncan Morhardt
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Khalid Algarrahi
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyle Costa
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cinthia Galvez Alegria
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rosalyn M Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joshua R Mauney
- Departments of Urology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
- Departments of Urology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Building 55, 101 The City Drive South., Rm. 300, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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El-Habta R, Andersson G, Kingham PJ, Backman LJ. Anti-apoptotic effect of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction in denervated rat muscle. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:162. [PMID: 33663595 PMCID: PMC7934515 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery of muscle function after peripheral nerve injury is often poor, and this can be attributed to muscle fiber atrophy and cell death. In the current study, we have investigated the effects of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on muscle cell apoptosis and its potential to preserve muscle tissue following denervation. METHODS Rat gastrocnemius muscle was denervated by sciatic nerve transection. At 2 and 4 weeks after injury, muscles were examined histologically and apoptosis was measured using TUNEL assay and PCR array for a range of apoptotic genes. Additionally, an in vitro TNF-α apoptosis model was established using SVF cells co-cultured indirectly with primary rat myoblasts. Annexin V and TUNEL were used together with Western blotting to investigate the signaling pathways. RESULTS Denervated muscles showed significantly higher TUNEL reactivity at 2 and 4 weeks following nerve injury, and an increased expression of caspase family genes, mitochondria-related apoptotic genes, and tumor necrosis factor family genes. In cultured rat primary myoblasts, Annexin V labeling was significantly increased at 12 h after TNF-α treatment, and this was followed by a significant increase in TUNEL reactivity at 48 h. Western blotting showed that caspase-7 was activated/cleaved as well as the downstream substrate, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Co-culture of myoblasts with SVF significantly reduced all these measures of apoptosis. Bax and Bcl-2 levels were not changed suggesting that the TNF-α-induced apoptosis occurred via mitochondria-independent pathways. The protective effect of SVF was also shown in vivo; injections of SVF cells into denervated muscle significantly improved the mean fiber area and diameter, as well as reduced the levels of TUNEL reactivity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into how adipose tissue-derived cells might provide therapeutic benefits by preserving muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R El-Habta
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Section for Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P J Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Pasupneti S, Tian W, Tu AB, Dahms P, Granucci E, Gandjeva A, Xiang M, Butcher EC, Semenza GL, Tuder RM, Jiang X, Nicolls MR. Endothelial HIF-2α as a Key Endogenous Mediator Preventing Emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:983-995. [PMID: 32515984 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202001-0078oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Endothelial injury may provoke emphysema, but molecular pathways of disease development require further discernment. Emphysematous lungs exhibit decreased expression of HIF-2α (hypoxia-inducible factor-2α)-regulated genes, and tobacco smoke decreases pulmonary HIF-2α concentrations. These findings suggest that decreased HIF-2α expression is important in the development of emphysema.Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the roles of endothelial-cell (EC) HIF-2α in the pathogenesis of emphysema in mice.Methods: Mouse lungs were examined for emphysema after either the loss or the overexpression of EC Hif-2α. In addition, SU5416, a VEGFR2 inhibitor, was used to induce emphysema. Lungs were evaluated for HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), a protein involved in alveolar development and homeostasis. Lungs from patients with emphysema were measured for endothelial HIF-2α expression.Measurements and Main Results: EC Hif-2α deletion resulted in emphysema in association with fewer ECs and pericytes. After SU5416 exposure, EC Hif-2α-knockout mice developed more severe emphysema, whereas EC Hif-2α-overexpressing mice were protected. EC Hif-2α-knockout mice demonstrated lower levels of HGF. Human emphysema lung samples exhibited reduced EC HIF-2α expression.Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate a unique protective role for pulmonary endothelial HIF-2α and how decreased expression of this endogenous factor causes emphysema; its pivotal protective function is suggested by its ability to overcome VEGF antagonism. HIF-2α may maintain alveolar architecture by promoting vascular survival and associated HGF production. In summary, HIF-2α may be a key endogenous factor that prevents the development of emphysema, and its upregulation has the potential to foster lung health in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravani Pasupneti
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Wen Tian
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Allen B Tu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Petra Dahms
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eric Granucci
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Colorado; and
| | - Menglan Xiang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Genetic Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Oncology.,Department of Radiation Oncology, and.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Colorado; and
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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12
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Nishikoba N, Kumagai K, Kanmura S, Nakamura Y, Ono M, Eguchi H, Kamibayashiyama T, Oda K, Mawatari S, Tanoue S, Hashimoto S, Tsubouchi H, Ido A. HGF-MET Signaling Shifts M1 Macrophages Toward an M2-Like Phenotype Through PI3K-Mediated Induction of Arginase-1 Expression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2135. [PMID: 32983173 PMCID: PMC7492554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Aims: Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)-MET signaling is known to promote biological functions such as cell survival, cell motility, and cell proliferation. However, it is unknown if HGF-MET alters the macrophage phenotype. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of HGF-MET signaling on the M1 macrophage phenotype. Methods and Materials: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from mice were either polarized to an M1 phenotype by IFN-γ and LPS treatment or to an M2 phenotype by IL-4 treatment. Changes in M1 or M2 markers induced by HGF-MET signaling were evaluated. Mechanisms responsible for alternations in the macrophage phenotype and intracellular metabolism were analyzed. Results: c-Met was expressed especially in M1 macrophages polarized by treatment with IFN-γ and LPS. In M1 macrophages, HGF-MET signaling induced the expression of Arg-1 mRNA and secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 and downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6. In addition, activation of the PI3K pathway and inactivation of NFκB were also observed in M1 macrophages treated with HGF. The increased Arg-1 expression and IL-10 secretion were abrogated by PI3K inhibition, whereas, no changes were observed in TNF-α and IL-6 expression. The inactivation of NFκB was found to be independent of the PI3K pathway. HGF-MET signaling shifted the M1 macrophages to an M2-like phenotype, mainly through PI3K-mediated induction of Arg-1 expression. Finally, HGF-MET signaling also shifted the M1 macrophage intracellular metabolism toward an M2 phenotype, especially with respect to fatty acid metabolism. Conclusion: Our results suggested that HGF treatment not only promotes regeneration in epithelial cells, but also leads to tissue repair by altering M1 macrophages to an M2-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nishikoba
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Eguchi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamibayashiyama
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Oda
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiroh Tanoue
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsubouchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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The AKT-independent MET-V-ATPase-MTOR axis suppresses liver cancer vaccination. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:122. [PMID: 32764535 PMCID: PMC7414041 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in hepatitis treatment, there have been no significant advances in the development of liver cancer vaccines in recent years. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect and potential mechanism of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET, also known as HGFR) on tumor vaccinations for liver cancer in mice. Herein, we demonstrate that MET expression is significantly associated with the immunogenicity of liver cancer in mice and humans, and that MET depletion dramatically enhances the protective efficacy of chemotherapy-based anti-liver cancer vaccination. Mechanistically, MET repressed liver cancer immunogenicity independent of the traditional PI3K–AKT cascade, and MET interacted with vacuolar ATP synthase (V-ATPase) and mediated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR), thus suppressing liver cancer immunogenicity. The efficacy of chemotherapy-based liver cancer vaccination was markedly enhanced by targeting the MET–V-ATPase–MTOR axis, highlighting a translational strategy for identifying MET-associated drug candidates for cancer prevention.
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14
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Hervieu A, Heuss SF, Zhang C, Barrow-McGee R, Joffre C, Ménard L, Clarke PA, Kermorgant S. A PI3K- and GTPase-independent Rac1-mTOR mechanism mediates MET-driven anchorage-independent cell growth but not migration. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaba8627. [PMID: 32576681 PMCID: PMC7329383 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are often overexpressed or mutated in cancers and drive tumor growth and metastasis. In the current model of RTK signaling, including that of MET, downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates both cell proliferation and cell migration, whereas the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rac1 mediates cell migration. However, in cultured NIH3T3 and glioblastoma cells, we found that class I PI3K mediated oncogenic MET-induced cell migration but not anchorage-independent growth. In contrast, Rac1 regulated both processes in distinct ways. Downstream of PI3K, Rac1 mediated cell migration through its GTPase activity, whereas independently of PI3K, Rac1 mediated anchorage-independent growth in a GTPase-independent manner through an adaptor function. Through its RKR motif, Rac1 formed a complex with the kinase mTOR to promote its translocation to the plasma membrane, where its activity promoted anchorage-independent growth of the cell cultures. Inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin suppressed the growth of subcutaneous MET-mutant cell grafts in mice, including that of MET inhibitor-resistant cells. These findings reveal a GTPase-independent role for Rac1 in mediating a PI3K-independent MET-to-mTOR pathway and suggest alternative or combined strategies that might overcome resistance to RTK inhibitors in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hervieu
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sara Farrah Heuss
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Chi Zhang
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rachel Barrow-McGee
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Carine Joffre
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ludovic Ménard
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Paul Andrew Clarke
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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15
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Molecular Engineering Strategies Tailoring the Apoptotic Response to a MET Therapeutic Antibody. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030741. [PMID: 32245152 PMCID: PMC7140090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor involved in the control of a complex network of biological responses that include protection from apoptosis and stimulation of cell growth during embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer progression. We previously developed an antagonist antibody (DN30) inducing the physical removal of the receptor from the cell surface and resulting in suppression of the biological responses to MET. In its bivalent form, the antibody displayed a residual agonist activity, due to dimerization of the lingering receptors, and partial activation of the downstream signaling cascade. The balance between the two opposing activities is variable in different biological systems and is hardly predictable. In this study, we generated and characterized two single-chain antibody fragments derived from DN30, sharing the same variable regions but including linkers different in length and composition. The two engineered molecules bind MET with high affinity but induce different biological responses. One behaves as a MET-antagonist, promoting programmed cell death in MET “addicted” cancer cells. The other acts as a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mimetic, protecting normal cells from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Thus, by engineering the same receptor antibody, it is possible to generate molecules enhancing or inhibiting apoptosis either to kill cancer cells or to protect healthy tissues from the injuries of chemotherapy.
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16
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MET targeting: time for a rematch. Oncogene 2020; 39:2845-2862. [PMID: 32034310 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MET, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) for hepatocyte growth factor, is a proto-oncogene involved in embryonic development and throughout life in homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Deregulation of MET signaling has been reported in numerous malignancies, prompting great interest in MET targeting for cancer therapy. The present review offers a summary of the biology of MET and its known functions in normal physiology and carcinogenesis, followed by an overview of the most relevant MET-targeting strategies and corresponding clinical trials, highlighting both past setbacks and promising future prospects. By placing their efforts on a more precise stratification strategy through the genetic analysis of tumors, modern trials such as the NCI-MATCH trial could revive the past enthusiasm for MET-targeted therapy.
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17
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Ning N, Liu S, Liu X, Tian Z, Jiang Y, Yu N, Tan B, Feng H, Feng X, Zou L. Curcumol inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma via the miR-152-3p/PI3K/AKT and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways. J Cancer 2020; 11:1679-1692. [PMID: 32194780 PMCID: PMC7052881 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and treatment-resistant form of skin cancer. Curcumol is a Chinese medicinal herb traditionally used as a cancer remedy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of curcumol in melanoma remains largely unknown. In the present study, we observed that Curcumol decreased mouse melanoma B16 cell proliferation and migration. The xenograft tumor assay showed that curcumol reduced melanoma volume and lung metastasis. Curcumol upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and downregulated the expression of N-cadherin, MMP2 and MMP9 in mouse melanoma B16 cell. Western blot analysis revealed that curcumol reduced the translocation of p65 to the nucleus and decreased p-ERK. Furthermore, curcumol attenuated c-MET, P13K and p-AKT protein expression and upregulated miR-152-3p gene expression. The dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that c-MET was a target gene of miR-152-3p. Reduced expression of miR-152-3p partially attenuated the effect of curcumol on mouse melanoma B16 cell proliferation and migration. The decrease in c-MET, P13K and p-AKT protein expression following curcumol treatment in mouse melanoma B16 cells was notably attenuated by the miR-152-3p inhibitor. Taken together, our findings suggested that curcumol attenuated melanoma progression and concomitantly suppressed ERK/NF-κB signaling and promoted miR-152-3p expression to inactivate the c-MET/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ning
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sulai Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiehong Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyu Tian
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nanhui Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Boyu Tan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Zhai T, Muhanhali D, Jia X, Wu Z, Cai Z, Ling Y. Identification of gene co-expression modules and hub genes associated with lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2019; 66:573-584. [PMID: 31332712 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent histological type among thyroid cancers, and some patients are at a high risk for recurrent disease or even death. Identification for the potential biomarkers of PTC may contribute to early discovery of recurrence and treatment. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we obtained the information of RNA sequence data and clinical characteristics of PTC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to construct gene co-expression networks and investigate the relationship between modules and clinical traits. Finally, we constructed 16 co-expression modules in 10,428 genes, and three key modules (darkturquoise, lightyellow, and red) associated with tumor N grade were identified. The results of functional annotation indicated that the darkturquoise module was primarily enriched in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen metabolism, and cell adhesion, the lightyellow module was primarily enriched in the mitochondrial function regulation and energy synthesis, and the red module was primarily enriched in the process of cell junction, apoptosis, and inflammatory response, suggesting their significant role in the progression of PTC. In addition, the hub genes in the three modules were identified and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Relapse-free survival analyses found that 11 genes (KCNQ3, MET, FN1, ITGA3, RUNX1, ITGA2, PERP, GCSH, FAAH, NGFRAP1, and HSPA5) may play a pivotal role in PTC relapse. In general, our research revealed the key co-expression modules and identified several prognostic biomarkers, which provides some new insights into the lymph node metastasis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Dilidaer Muhanhali
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.1508 Longhang Road, 201500, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, 350108, FuZhou, China
| | - Zhenqin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Park KC, Geleta B, Leck LYW, Paluncic J, Chiang S, Jansson PJ, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Thiosemicarbazones suppress expression of the c-Met oncogene by mechanisms involving lysosomal degradation and intracellular shedding. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:481-503. [PMID: 31744884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the role of proto-oncogene c-Met (c-Met) in oncogenesis, we examined the effects of the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), and two NDRG1-inducing thiosemicarbazone-based agents, Dp44mT and DpC, on c-Met expression in DU145 and Huh7 cells. NDRG1 silencing without Dp44mT and DpC up-regulated c-Met expression, demonstrating that NDRG1 modulates c-Met levels. Dp44mT and DpC up-regulated NDRG1 by an iron-dependent mechanism and decreased c-Met levels, c-Met phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of its downstream effector, GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1). However, incubation with Dp44mT and DpC after NDRG1 silencing or silencing of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6), decreased c-Met and its phosphorylation, suggesting NDRG1- and MIG6-independent mechanism(s). Lysosomal inhibitors rescued the Dp44mT- and DpC-mediated c-Met down-regulation in DU145 cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that lysosomotropic agents and the thiosemicarbazones significantly increased co-localization between c-Met and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Moreover, generation of c-Met C-terminal fragment (CTF) and its intracellular domain (ICD) suggested metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. In fact, Dp44mT increased c-Met CTF while decreasing the ICD. Dp44mT and a γ-secretase inhibitor increased cellular c-Met CTF levels, suggesting that Dp44mT induces c-Met CTF levels by increasing metalloprotease activity. The broad metalloprotease inhibitors, EDTA and batimastat, partially prevented Dp44mT-mediated down-regulation of c-Met. In contrast, the ADAM inhibitor, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP-3), had no such effect, suggesting c-Met cleavage by another metalloprotease. Notably, Dp44mT did not induce extracellular c-Met shedding that could decrease c-Met levels. In summary, the thiosemicarbazones Dp44mT and DpC effectively inhibit oncogenic c-Met through lysosomal degradation and metalloprotease-mediated cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bekesho Geleta
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lionel Yi Wen Leck
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jasmina Paluncic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shannon Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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20
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In a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure, Icaritin Improved the Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Activation of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4253846. [PMID: 31915446 PMCID: PMC6935441 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4253846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious life-threatening condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be an effective treatment for this condition and a good alternative to liver transplantation. Icaritin (ICT) is an active ingredient of the genus Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine, with the potential to enhance the proliferation of MSCs. The purpose of this study was to explore whether ICT increased the therapeutic effects of MSCs and explore its underlying mechanisms. For in vivo experiments, a rat ALF model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D(+)-galactosamine/ lipopolysaccharide. MSCs cocultured with ICT were used to treat ALF rats and the protective effects assessed as survival rate, levels of serum AST and ALT, and histological changes in liver tissue. For in vitro experiments, MSCs were treated in serum-free culture for 72 h to simulate the disruption of intrahepatic microcirculation. MSCs apoptosis was examined to determine whether ICT rescued impaired MSCs. The role of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway in MSCs was assessed by constructing genetically modified MSCs overexpressing c-Met and by using the c-Met receptor inhibitor (crizotinib). The results showed that MSCs increased the survival rate of ALF rats and reduced liver damage. MSCs cocultured with ICT exerted a greater therapeutic effect than MSCs alone. Further, the HGF/c-Met pathway played a key role in the antiapoptotic activity of MSCs, which was associated with the optimized efficacy of ICT. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ICT enhances the therapeutic effect of MSCs in a model of ALF, improving the antiapoptotic potential of MSCs by upregulation of the HGF/c-Met pathway. The combination of stem cell therapy with traditional herbal extracts may improve MSC-based clinical applications.
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Kadel D, Zhang Y, Sun HR, Zhao Y, Dong QZ, Qin LX. Current perspectives of cancer-associated fibroblast in therapeutic resistance: potential mechanism and future strategy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:407-421. [PMID: 30680600 PMCID: PMC6881418 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of cancer eradication has been overshadowed despite the continuous improvement in research and generation of novel cancer therapeutic drugs. One of the undeniable existing problems is drug resistance due to which the paradigm of killing all cancer cells is ineffective. Tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in inducing drug resistance besides cancer development and progression. Recently, many efforts have been devoted to understand the role of tumor microenvironment in cancer drug resistance as it provides the shelter, nutrition, and paracrine niche for cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one major component of tumor microenvironment, reside in symbiotic relationship with cancer cells, supporting them to survive from cancer drugs. The present review summarizes the recent understandings in the role of CAFs in drug resistance in various tumors. Acknowledging the fact that drug resistance depends not only upon cancer cells but also upon the microenvironment niche could guide us to formulate novel cancer drugs and provide the optimal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Kadel
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hao-Ran Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Cancer Metastasis institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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22
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Chalenko Y, Sobyanin K, Sysolyatina E, Midiber K, Kalinin E, Lavrikova A, Mikhaleva L, Ermolaeva S. Hepatoprotective Activity of InlB321/15, the HGFR Ligand of Bacterial Origin, in CCI4-Induced Acute Liver Injury Mice. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020029. [PMID: 30979058 PMCID: PMC6631690 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)/HGFR (HGF receptor) signaling pathway is a key pathway in liver protection and regeneration after acute toxic damage. Listeria monocytogenes toxin InlB contains a HGFR-interacting domain and is a functional analog of HGF. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the InlB HGFR-interacting domain. The recombinant HGFR-interacting domain InlB321/15 was purified from E. coli. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was used to measure InlB321/15 mitogenic activity in HepG2 cells. Activation of MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-pathways was tracked with fluorescent microscopy, Western blotting, and ELISA. To evaluate hepatoprotective activity, InlB321/15 and recombinant human HGF (rhHGF) were intravenously injected at the same concentration of 2 ng·g−1 to BALB/c mice 2 h before liver injury with CCl4. InlB321/15 caused dose-dependent activation of MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-pathways and correspondent mitogenic effects. Both InlB321/15 and rhHGF improved macroscopic liver parameters (liver mass was 1.51, 1.27 and 1.15 g for the vehicle, InlB321/15 and rhHGF, respectively, p < 0.05), reduced necrosis (24.0%, 16.18% and 21.66% of the total area for the vehicle, InlB321/15 and rhHGF, respectively, p < 0.05). Obtained data suggest that InlB321/15 is a promising candidate for a tissue repair agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslava Chalenko
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin Sobyanin
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena Sysolyatina
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Egor Kalinin
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Lavrikova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Svetlana Ermolaeva
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
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23
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Lu W, Sun Q, Chen B, Li Y, Xu Y, Wang S. Novel agent #2714 potently inhibits lung cancer growth by suppressing cell proliferation and by inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4788-4796. [PMID: 30942420 PMCID: PMC6522812 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of small molecule compounds to inhibit cell proliferation is one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. In the present study, a cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis, western blotting and mouse xenograft models were used to investigate the anticancer activities of #2714 and its underlying mechanisms in lung cancer. The present in vitro results suggested that #2714 significantly inhibited the viability of the human non-small cell lung cancer line SPC-A1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 5.54 µM after 48 h of treatment. Additionally, #2714 inhibited SPC-A1 cell proliferation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and by impairing mitochondrial membrane potential. The protein expression levels of Wnt 3a, Wnt 5a/b, phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin, p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and p-mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 were downregulated following treatment with #2714. Furthermore, using a mouse xenograft model, #2714 was identified to significantly inhibit tumor growth and to decrease cancer cell proliferation in vivo. #2714 may represent a novel effective anticancer compound targeting lung cancer cells. Additionally, #2714 was able to induce apoptosis and decrease cell proliferation in SPC-A1 cells via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Early Safety Evaluation Model Animals, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Youzhi Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Siying Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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24
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Ariyanti AD, Zhang J, Marcelina O, Nugrahaningrum DA, Wang G, Kasim V, Wu S. Salidroside-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Paracrine Function and Survival of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Hyperglycemia. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:404-414. [PMID: 30624028 PMCID: PMC6431607 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic abnormalities cause several complications in diabetes patients. Impaired wound healing is a serious complication that leads to severe foot ulcer and amputation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered a promising strategy for promoting wound healing due to their paracrine function. However, their poor survival after transplantation limits their therapeutic effect and applications. Salidroside, a glucopyranoside, has been reported to exert cytoprotective effects. Our previous study revealed that salidroside could promote the paracrine function of skeletal muscle cells. However, whether salidroside could improve MSCs survival under hyperglycemic condition and, subsequently, promote wound healing in diabetic model mice remains unknown. Here, we found that salidroside pretreatment effectively reversed the hyperglycemia-induced suppression of the expression of crucial wound healing factors in MSCs, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Salidroside pretreatment also suppressed the hyperglycemia-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MSCs, thereby lowering the apoptosis rate and enhancing MSCs survival rate. Furthermore, salidroside improved the MSCs migration potential that was impaired under hyperglycemia. in vivo experiments revealed that salidroside pretreatment prior to transplantation significantly enhanced the effect of MSCs in promoting wound closure in diabetic mice. Collectively, our results suggest that pretreatment with salidroside could be an effective strategy to enhance the survival rate and the therapeutic effect of MSCs. Thus, our article suggested a novel, potential MSC-based strategy for diabetic wound healing. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:404-414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Dwi Ariyanti
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Olivia Marcelina
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dyah Ari Nugrahaningrum
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shourong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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25
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HGF/c-MET Signaling in Melanocytes and Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123844. [PMID: 30513872 PMCID: PMC6321285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/ mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) signaling is involved in complex cellular programs that are important for embryonic development and tissue regeneration, but its activity is also utilized by cancer cells during tumor progression. HGF and c-MET usually mediate heterotypic cell–cell interactions, such as epithelial–mesenchymal, including tumor–stroma interactions. In the skin, dermal fibroblasts are the main source of HGF. The presence of c-MET on keratinocytes is crucial for wound healing in the skin. HGF is not released by normal melanocytes, but as melanocytes express c-MET, they are receptive to HGF, which protects them from apoptosis and stimulates their proliferation and motility. Dissimilar to melanocytes, melanoma cells not only express c-MET, but also release HGF, thus activating c-MET in an autocrine manner. Stimulation of the HGF/c-MET pathways contributes to several processes that are crucial for melanoma development, such as proliferation, survival, motility, and invasiveness, including distant metastatic niche formation. HGF might be a factor in the innate and acquired resistance of melanoma to oncoprotein-targeted drugs. It is not entirely clear whether elevated serum HGF level is associated with low progression-free survival and overall survival after treatment with targeted therapies. This review focuses on the role of HGF/c-MET signaling in melanoma with some introductory information on its function in skin and melanocytes.
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26
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Goldshmit Y, Tang JKKY, Siegel AL, Nguyen PD, Kaslin J, Currie PD, Jusuf PR. Different Fgfs have distinct roles in regulating neurogenesis after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Neural Dev 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 30447699 PMCID: PMC6240426 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-018-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite conserved developmental processes and organization of the vertebrate central nervous system, only some vertebrates including zebrafish can efficiently regenerate neural damage including after spinal cord injury. The mammalian spinal cord shows very limited regeneration and neurogenesis, resulting in permanent life-long functional impairment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that can drive efficient vertebrate neurogenesis following injury. A key pathway implicated in zebrafish neurogenesis is fibroblast growth factor signaling. Methods In the present study we investigated the roles of distinct fibroblast growth factor members and their receptors in facilitating different aspects of neural development and regeneration at different timepoints following spinal cord injury. After spinal cord injury in adults and during larval development, loss and/or gain of Fgf signaling was combined with immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and transgenes marking motor neuron populations in in vivo zebrafish and in vitro mammalian PC12 cell culture models. Results Fgf3 drives neurogenesis of Islet1 expressing motor neuron subtypes and mediate axonogenesis in cMet expressing motor neuron subtypes. We also demonstrate that the role of Fgf members are not necessarily simple recapitulating development. During development Fgf2, Fgf3 and Fgf8 mediate neurogenesis of Islet1 expressing neurons and neuronal sprouting of both, Islet1 and cMet expressing motor neurons. Strikingly in mammalian PC12 cells, all three Fgfs increased cell proliferation, however, only Fgf2 and to some extent Fgf8, but not Fgf3 facilitated neurite outgrowth. Conclusions This study demonstrates differential Fgf member roles during neural development and adult regeneration, including in driving neural proliferation and neurite outgrowth of distinct spinal cord neuron populations, suggesting that factors including Fgf type, age of the organism, timing of expression, requirements for different neuronal populations could be tailored to best drive all of the required regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Goldshmit
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jean Kitty K Y Tang
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley L Siegel
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Phong D Nguyen
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Patricia R Jusuf
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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27
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c-Met Signaling Protects from Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis- (NASH-) Induced Fibrosis in Different Liver Cell Types. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6957497. [PMID: 30538805 PMCID: PMC6260421 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6957497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common chronic, progressive liver disease in Western countries. The significance of cellular interactions of the HGF/c-Met axis in different liver cell subtypes and its relation to the oxidative stress response remains unclear so far. Hence, the present study is aimed at investigating the role of c-Met and the interaction with the oxidative stress response during NASH development in mice and humans. Conditional c-Met knockout (KO) lines (LysCre for Kupffer cells/macrophages, GFAPCre for α-SMA+ and CK19+ cells and MxCre for bone marrow-derived immune cells) were fed chow and either methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD) for 4 weeks or high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. Mice lacking c-Met either in Kupffer cells, α-SMA+ and CK19+ cells, or bone marrow-derived immune cells displayed earlier and faster progressing steatohepatitis during dietary treatments. Severe fatty liver degeneration and histomorphological changes were accompanied by an increased infiltration of immune cells and a significant upregulation of inflammatory cytokine expression reflecting an earlier initiation of steatohepatitis development. In addition, animals with a cell-type-specific deletion of c-Met exhibited a strong generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dihydroethidium (hydroethidine) (DHE) staining showing a significant increase in the oxidative stress response especially in LysCre/c-Metmut and MxCre/c-Metmut animals. All these changes finally lead to earlier and stronger fibrosis progression with strong accumulation of collagen within liver tissue of mice deficient for c-Met in different liver cell types. The HGF/c-Met signaling pathway prevents from steatosis development and has a protective function in the progression to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. It conveys an antifibrotic role independent on which cell type c-Met is missing (Kupffer cells/macrophages, α-SMA+ and CK19+ cells, or bone marrow-derived immune cells). These results highlight a global protective capacity of c-Met in NASH development and progression.
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28
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Hepatitis B Spliced Protein (HBSP) Suppresses Fas-Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis via Activation of PI3K/Akt Signaling. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01273-18. [PMID: 30209179 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01273-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B spliced protein (HBSP) is known to associate with viral persistence and pathogenesis; however, its biological and clinical significance remains poorly defined. Acquired resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis is thought to be one of the major promotors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronicity and malignancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether HBSP could protect hepatocytes against Fas-initiated apoptosis. We showed here that HBSP mediated resistance of hepatoma cells or primary human hepatocytes (PHH) to agonistic anti-Fas antibody (CH11)- or FasL-induced apoptosis. Under Fas signaling stimulation, expression of HBSP inhibited Fas aggregation and prevented recruitment of the adaptor molecule Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and procaspase-8 (or FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme [FLICE]) into the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) while increasing recruitment of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein L (FLIPL) into the DISC. Those effects may be mediated through activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway as evidenced by increased cellular phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) content and PI3K activity and enhanced phosphorylation of mTORC2 and PDPK1 as well as Akt itself. Confirmedly, inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 reversed the effect of HBSP on Fas aggregation, FLIPL expression, and cellular apoptosis. These results indicate that HBSP functions to prevent hepatocytes from Fas-induced apoptosis by enhancing PI3K/Akt activity, which may contribute to the survival and persistence of infected hepatocytes during chronic infection.IMPORTANCE Our study revealed a previously unappreciated role of HBSP in Fas-mediated apoptosis. The antiapoptotic activity of HBSP is important for understanding hepatitis B virus pathogenesis. In particular, HBV variants associated with hepatoma carcinoma may downregulate apoptosis of hepatocytes through enhanced HBSP expression. Our study also found that Akt is centrally involved in Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and revealed that interventions directed at inhibiting the activation or functional activity of Akt may be of therapeutic value in this process.
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29
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Jing ZT, Liu W, Wu SX, He Y, Lin YT, Chen WN, Lin XJ, Lin X. Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Enhances the Sensitivity of Hepatocytes to Fas-Mediated Apoptosis via Suppression of AKT Phosphorylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2303-2314. [PMID: 30171166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Fas receptor/ligand system plays a prominent role in hepatic apoptosis and hepatocyte death. Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface Ag (HBsAg) is the most abundant HBV protein in the liver and peripheral blood of patients with chronic HBV infection, its role in Fas-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis has not been disclosed. In this study, we report that HBsAg sensitizes HepG2 cells to agonistic anti-Fas Ab CH11-induced apoptosis through increasing the formation of SDS-stable Fas aggregation and procaspase-8 cleavage but decreasing both the expression of cellular FLIPL/S and the recruitment of FLIPL/S at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Notably, HBsAg increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and consequently reduced AKT phosphorylation by deactivation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), leading to enhancement of Fas-mediated apoptosis. In a mouse model, expression of HBsAg in mice injected with recombinant adenovirus-associated virus 8 aggravated Jo2-induced acute liver failure, which could be effectively attenuated by the AKT activator SC79. Based on these results, it is concluded that HBsAg predisposes hepatocytes to Fas-mediated apoptosis and mice to acute liver failure via suppression of AKT prosurviving activity, suggesting that interventions directed at enhancing the activation or functional activity of AKT may be of therapeutic value in Fas-mediated progressive liver cell injury and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Tang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Shu-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Yan-Ting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Wan-Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Xin-Jian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; and .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
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30
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Shaban HA, Barth R, Bystricky K. Formation of correlated chromatin domains at nanoscale dynamic resolution during transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:e77. [PMID: 29718294 PMCID: PMC6061878 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic dynamics of chromatin contribute to gene regulation. How chromatin mobility responds to genomic processes, and whether this response relies on coordinated chromatin movement is still unclear. Here, we introduce an approach called Dense Flow reConstruction and Correlation (DFCC), to quantify correlation of chromatin motion with sub-pixel sensitivity at the level of the whole nucleus. DFCC reconstructs dense global flow fields of fluorescent images acquired in real-time. We applied our approach to analyze stochastic movements of DNA and histones, based on direction and magnitude at different time lags in human cells. We observe long-range correlations extending over several μm between coherently moving regions over the entire nucleus. Spatial correlation of global chromatin dynamics was reduced by inhibiting elongation by RNA polymerase II, and abolished in quiescent cells. Furthermore, quantification of spatial smoothness over time intervals up to 30 s points to clear-cut boundaries between distinct regions, while smooth transitions in small (<1 μm) neighborhoods dominate for short time intervals. Rough transitions between regions of coherent motion indicate directed squeezing or stretching of chromatin boundaries, suggestive of changes in local concentrations of actors regulating gene expression. The DFCC approach hence allows characterizing stochastically forming domains of nuclear activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Shaban
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, University of Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roman Barth
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, University of Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Kerstin Bystricky
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote (LBME), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, University of Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor Regulates the miR-206-HDAC4 Cascade to Control Neurogenic Muscle Atrophy following Surgical Denervation in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:568-577. [PMID: 30195792 PMCID: PMC6077135 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been well characterized for its roles in the migration of muscle progenitors during embryogenesis and the differentiation of muscle stem cells, but its function in adult neurogenic muscle atrophic conditions is poorly understood. Here we investigated whether HGF/c-met signaling has any effects on muscle-atrophic conditions. It was found that HGF expression was upregulated in skeletal muscle tissue following surgical denervation and in hSOD1-G93A transgenic mice showing severe muscle loss. Pharmacological inhibition of the c-met receptor decreased the expression level of pri-miR-206, enhanced that of HDAC4 and atrogenes, and resulted in increased muscle atrophy. In C2C12 cells, HGF inhibited phosphorylation of Smad3 and relieved TGF-β-mediated suppression of miR-206 expression via JNK. When extra HGF was exogenously provided through intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA expressing HGF, the extent of muscle atrophy was reduced, and the levels of all affected biochemical markers were changed accordingly, including those of primary and mature miR-206, HDAC4, and various atrogenes. Taken together, our finding suggested that HGF might play an important role in regard to neurogenic muscle atrophy and that HGF might be used as a platform to develop therapeutic agents for neuromuscular disorders.
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Lee AY, Choi JM, Lee MH, Lee J, Lee S, Cho EJ. Protective effects of perilla oil and alpha linolenic acid on SH-SY5Y neuronal cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:93-100. [PMID: 29629025 PMCID: PMC5886971 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a key role in neuronal cell damage, which is associated with neurodegenerative disease. The aim of present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of perilla oil (PO) and its active component, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MATERIALS/METHODS The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to 250 µM H2O2 for 24 h were treated with different concentrations of PO (25, 125, 250 and 500 µg/mL) and its major fatty acid, ALA (1, 2.5, 5 and 25 µ/mL). We examined the effects of PO and ALA on H2O2-induced cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and nuclear condensation. Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX. RESULTS Treatment of H2O2 resulted in decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, and increase in the nuclei condensation as indicated by Hoechst 33342 staining. However, PO and ALA treatment significantly attenuated the neuronal cell death, indicating that PO and ALA potently blocked the H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA. CONCLUSIONS PO and its main fatty acid, ALA, exerted the protective activity from neuronal oxidative stress induced by H2O2. They regulated apoptotic pathway in neuronal cell death by alleviation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of cleaved-PARP and cleaved caspase-9 and -3. Although further studies are required to verify the protective mechanisms of PO and ALA from neuronal damage, PO and ALA are the promising agent against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeongnam 50424, Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Gyeongnam 50424, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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Jung SN, Lim HS, Liu L, Chang JW, Lim YC, Rha KS, Koo BS. LAMB3 mediates metastatic tumor behavior in papillary thyroid cancer by regulating c-MET/Akt signals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2718. [PMID: 29426928 PMCID: PMC5807368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin subunit beta-3 (LAMB3) encodes one of the three subunits of LM-332, a protein of the extracellular matrix secreted by cultured human keratinocytes. While LAMB3 is involved in the invasive and metastatic abilities of several tumor types, including those found in the colon, pancreas, lung, cervix, stomach, and prostate, its mechanism of action in thyroid cancer has not been investigated previously. Our results show that LAMB3 is up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer, and that its suppression reduces cell migration/invasion via down-regulation of epithelial‒mesenchymal transition-associated proteins (N-cadherin, vimentin, slug) and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9. LAMB3 suppression also significantly decreases Akt phosphorylation and inhibits the transcription of c-MET, reducing its activation. These results suggest that LAMB3 leads to tumor invasion via Akt activation induced by the HGF/c-MET axis in papillary thyroid cancer cells. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of action for LAMB3 in papillary thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Nam Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sang Rha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Suman S, Das TP, Moselhy J, Pal D, Kolluru V, Alatassi H, Ankem MK, Damodaran C. Oral administration of withaferin A inhibits carcinogenesis of prostate in TRAMP model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53751-53761. [PMID: 27447565 PMCID: PMC5288218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that withaferin A (WA), a natural compound, deters prostate cancer by inhibiting AKT while inducing apoptosis. In the current study, we examined its chemopreventive efficacy against carcinogenesis in the prostate using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Two distinct sets of experiments were conducted. To determine whether WA delays tumor progression, it was given before cancer onset, at week 6, and until week 44. To determine its effect after the onset of prostate cancer, it was given from weeks 12 to 35. In both strategies, oral administration of WA effectively suppressed tumor burden when compared to vehicle-treated animals. No toxicity was seen in treated animals at gross pathological examination. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry of tumor sections revealed that in TRAMP controls, AKT and pAKT were highly expressed while nuclear FOXO3a and Par-4 were downregulated. On the contrary, treated mice showed inhibition of AKT signaling and activation of FOX03a-Par-4-induced cell death. They also displayed inhibition of mesenchymal markers such as β-catenin, vimentin, and snail as well as upregulation of E-cadherin. Because expressions of the angiogenic markers factor VIII and retic were downregulated, an anti-angiogenic role of WA is suggested. Overall, our results suggest that WA could be a promising anti-cancer agent that effectively inhibits carcinogenesis of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Suman
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Trinath P Das
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jim Moselhy
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Deeksha Pal
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Houda Alatassi
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Hong YH, Kim D, Nam G, Yoo S, Han SY, Jeong SG, Kim E, Jeong D, Yoon K, Kim S, Park J, Cho JY. Photoaging protective effects of BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction prepared from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:81-89. [PMID: 29348726 PMCID: PMC5766695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction, has been shown to display anti-inflammatory activity. Although Panax ginseng is widely used for the prevention of photoaging events induced by UVB irradiation, the effect of BIOGF1K on photoaging has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of BIOGF1K on UVB-induced photoaging events. METHODS We analyzed the ability of BIOGF1K to prevent UVB-induced apoptosis, enhance matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, upregulate anti-inflammatory activity, reduce sirtuin 1 expression, and melanin production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, melanin content assay, tyrosinase assay, and flow cytometry. We also evaluated the effects of BIOGF1K on the activator protein-1 signaling pathway, which plays an important role in photoaging, by immunoblot analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays. RESULTS Treatment of UVB-irradiated NIH3T3 fibroblasts with BIOGF1K prevented UVB-induced cell death, inhibited apoptosis, suppressed morphological changes, reduced melanin secretion, restored the levels of type I procollagen and sirtuin 1, and prevented mRNA upregulation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and cyclo-oxygenase-2; these effects all occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BIOGF1K markedly reduced activator-protein-1-mediated luciferase activity and decreased the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular response kinase, p38, and C-Jun N-terminal kinase). CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that BIOGF1K has anti-photoaging activity and that BIOGF1K could be used in anti-aging cosmeceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibaeg Nam
- Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulgi Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Konstorum A, Lowengrub JS. Activation of the HGF/c-Met axis in the tumor microenvironment: A multispecies model. J Theor Biol 2017; 439:86-99. [PMID: 29203124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is an integral component in promoting tumor development. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which reside in the tumor stroma, produce Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), an important trigger for invasive and metastatic tumor behavior. HGF contributes to a pro-tumorigenic environment by activating its cognate receptor, c-Met, on tumor cells. Tumor cells, in turn, secrete growth factors that upregulate HGF production in CAFs, thereby establishing a dynamic tumor-host signaling program. Using a spatiotemporal multispecies model of tumor growth, we investigate how the development and spread of a tumor is impacted by the initiation of a dynamic interaction between tumor-derived growth factors and CAF-derived HGF. We show that establishment of such an interaction results in increased tumor growth and morphological instability, the latter due in part to increased cell species heterogeneity at the tumor-host boundary. Invasive behavior is further increased if the tumor lowers responsiveness to paracrine pro-differentiation signals, which is a hallmark of neoplastic development. By modeling anti-HGF and anti-c-Met therapy, we show how disruption of the HGF/c-Met axis can reduce tumor invasiveness and growth, thereby providing theoretical evidence that targeting tumor-microenvironment interactions is a promising avenue for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konstorum
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - John S Lowengrub
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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Elsayed HE, Ebrahim HY, Mohyeldin MM, Siddique AB, Kamal AM, Haggag EG, El Sayed KA. Rutin as A Novel c-Met Inhibitory Lead for The Control of Triple Negative Breast Malignancies. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1256-1271. [PMID: 29083228 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has high metastatic and mortality potential and lacks effective and selective therapeutic options. Aberrant dysregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met promotes TNBC progression, motility and survival and therefore considered a valid therapeutic target. Among various identified anticancer agents, plant polyphenols (PPs) including flavonoids, have been shown to be safe and proven for their antitumor activity through modulating diverse macromolecular targets. This study reports the bioassay-guided identification of the common flavonol glycoside rutin as breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion inhibitor. The cell free Z'-LYTE kinase assay, Western blot and in silico docking experiments uncovered, for the first time, c-Met kinase as a potential mechanistic target for rutin-mediated anticancer effects on TNBC cell lines. Likewise, the intraperitoneal injection of rutin at 30 mg/kg, 3X/week, significantly reduced the growth of the TNBC MDA-MB-231/GFP orthotopic xenograft in nude mouse model. These results clearly designate the functional dietary flavonoid rutin as a potential lead for the prevention and control of c-Met-dependent breast malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E Elsayed
- a Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , Louisiana.,b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Helwan , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- a Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , Louisiana
| | - Mohamed M Mohyeldin
- a Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , Louisiana
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- a Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , Louisiana
| | - Amel M Kamal
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Helwan , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Eman G Haggag
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Helwan , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- a Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , Louisiana
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A Review of Anti-Angiogenic Targets for Monoclonal Antibody Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081786. [PMID: 28817103 PMCID: PMC5578174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a key event that governs tumor progression and metastasis. It is controlled by the complicated and coordinated actions of pro-angiogenic factors and their receptors that become upregulated during tumorigenesis. Over the past several decades, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been identified as a central axis in tumor angiogenesis. The remarkable advent of recombinant antibody technology has led to the development of bevacizumab, a humanized antibody that targets VEGF and is a leading clinical therapy to suppress tumor angiogenesis. However, despite the clinical efficacy of bevacizumab, its significant side effects and drug resistance have raised concerns necessitating the identification of novel drug targets and development of novel therapeutics to combat tumor angiogenesis. This review will highlight the role and relevance of VEGF and other potential therapeutic targets and their receptors in angiogenesis. Simultaneously, we will also cover the current status of monoclonal antibodies being developed to target these candidates for cancer therapy.
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Yeung CLA, Tsang TY, Yau PL, Kwok TT. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 suppresses microRNA-23b expression in human cervical cancer cells through DNA methylation of the host gene C9orf3. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12158-12173. [PMID: 28077801 PMCID: PMC5355333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic protein E6 of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is believed to involve in the aberrant methylation in cervical cancer as it upregulates DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) through tumor suppressor p53. In addition, DNA demethylating agent induces the expression of one of the HPV-16 E6 regulated microRNAs (miRs), miR-23b, in human cervical carcinoma SiHa cells. Thus, the importance of DNA methylation and miR-23b in HPV-16 E6 associated cervical cancer development is investigated. In the present study, however, it is found that miR-23b is not embedded in any typical CpG island. Nevertheless, a functional CpG island is predicted in the promoter region of C9orf3, the host gene of miR-23b, and is validated by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing analyses. Besides, c-MET is confirmed to be a target gene of miR-23b. Silencing of HPV-16 E6 is found to increase the expression of miR-23b, decrease the expression of c-MET and thus induce the apoptosis of SiHa cells through the c-MET downstream signaling pathway. Taken together, the tumor suppressive miR-23b is epigenetically inactivated through its host gene C9orf3 and this is probably a critical pathway during HPV-16 E6 associated cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Lam Au Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tsun Yee Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Lun Yau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tim Tak Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang K, Li Y, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Li W, Lin W, Li J, Zhu C. Overexpression of c-Met in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves their effectiveness in homing and repair of acute liver failure. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:162. [PMID: 28679425 PMCID: PMC5499016 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has emerged as a novel therapy for acute liver failure (ALF). However, the homing efficiency of BMSCs to the injured liver sites appears to be poor. In this study, we aimed to determine if overexpression of c-Met in BMSCs could promote the homing ability of BMSCs to rat livers affected by ALF. Methods Overexpression of c-Met in BMSCs (c-Met-BMSCs) was attained by transfection of naive BMSCs with the lenti-c-Met-GFP. The impact of transplanted c-Met-BMSCs on both homing and repair of ALF was evaluated and compared with lenti-GFP empty vector transfected BMSCs (control BMSCs). Results After cells were transfected with the lenti-c-Met-GFP vector, the BMSCs displayed very high expression of c-Met protein as demonstrated by Western blot. In addition, in vitro transwell migration assays showed that the migration ability of c-Met-BMSCs was significantly increased in comparison with that of control BMSCs (P < 0.05), and was dependent on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Furthermore, rats with ALF that received transplanted c-Met-BMSCs showed significantly improved homing ability to the injured liver; this was accompanied by elevated survival rates and liver function in the ALF rats. Parallel pathological examination further confirmed that transplantation of c-Met-BMSCs ameliorated liver injury with reduced hepatic activity index (HAI) scores, and that the effects of c-Met-BMSCs were more profound than those of control BMSCs. Conclusions Overexpression of c-Met promotes the homing of BMSCs to injured hepatic sites in a rat model of ALF, thereby improving the efficacy of BMSC therapy for ALF repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Peng KY, Liu YH, Li YW, Yen BL, Yen ML. Extracellular matrix protein laminin enhances mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) paracrine function through αvβ3/CD61 integrin to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1572-1583. [PMID: 28600799 PMCID: PMC5543513 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischaemia (MI) results in extensive cardiomyocyte death and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage in an organ with little or no regenerative capacity. Although the use of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has been proposed as a treatment option, the high cell numbers required for clinical use are difficult to achieve with this source of MSCs, and animal studies have produced inconsistent data. We recently demonstrated in small and large animal models of acute MI that the application of human term placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs), a foetal-stage MSC, resulted in reversal of cardiac injury with therapeutic efficacy. However, the mechanisms involved are unclear, making it difficult to strategize for therapeutic improvements. We found that PDMCs significantly reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ROS production through the paracrine factors GRO-α, HGF and IL-8. Moreover, culturing PDMCs on plates coated with laminin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, resulted in significantly enhanced secretion of all three paracrine factors, which further reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The enhancement of PDMC paracrine function by laminin was mediated through αvβ3 integrin, with involvement of the signalling pathways of JNK, for GRO-α and IL-8 secretion, and PI3K/AKT, for HGF secretion. Our results demonstrated the utility of PDMC therapy to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis through modulation of ECM proteins in in vitro culture systems as a strategy to enhance the therapeutic functions of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yen Peng
- Department of Life Science, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Liu
- Section of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan Chiao, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Betty Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Han Z, Wu Y, Wang K, Xiao Y, Cheng Z, Sun X, Shen B. Analysis of progress and challenges for various patterns of c-MET-targeted molecular imaging: a systematic review. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:41. [PMID: 28485003 PMCID: PMC5422222 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor also named c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase for the hepatocyte growth factor that plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. c-MET-targeted therapies have been tested in preclinical models and patients, with significant benefits for cancer treatment. In recent years, many studies have shown that the expression level and activation status of c-MET are closely correlated to c-MET-targeted therapy response and clinical prognosis, thus highlighting the importance of evaluating the c-MET status during and prior to targeted therapy. Molecular imaging allows the monitoring of abnormal alterations of c-MET in real time and in vivo. Results In this review, we initially summarize the recent advances in c-MET-targeted molecular imaging, with a special focus on the development of imaging agents ranging in size from monoclonal antibody to small molecule. The aim of this review is to report the preclinical results and clinical application of all molecular imaging studies completed until now for in vivo detection of c-MET in cancer, in order to be beneficial to development of molecular probe and the combination of molecular imaging technologies for in vivo evaluation of c-MET. Various molecular probe targeted to c-MET possesses distinctive advantages and disadvantages. For example, antibody-based probes have high binding affinity but with long metabolic cycle as well as remarkable immunogenicity. Conclusions Although studies for c-MET-targeted molecular imaging have made many important advances, most of imaging agents specifically target to extracellular area of c-MET receptor; however, it is difficult to reflect entirely activation of c-MET. Therefore, small molecule probes based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which could target to intracellular area of c-MET without any immunogenicity, should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Han
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongyi Wu
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yadi Xiao
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucas Center, Room P089, 1201 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Xilin Sun
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China. .,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. .,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucas Center, Room P089, 1201 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, 766Xiangan N street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, China. .,TOF-PET/CT/MR center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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43
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Pei J, Chu T, Shao M, Teng J, Sha H, Gu A, Li R, Qian J, Mao W, Li Y, Han B. Potential Antitumor Activity of SIM-89 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:581-591. [PMID: 28332364 PMCID: PMC5368144 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE c-Met and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), play a critical role in oncogenesis and metastatic progression. The aim of this study was to identify inhibited enzymogram and to test the antitumor activity of SIM-89 (a c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) in non-small cell lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Z'-LYTE kinase assay was employed to screen the kinase enzymogram, and mechanism of action (MOA) analysis was used to identify the inhibited kinases. Cell proliferation was then analyzed by CCK8 assay, and cell migration was determined by transwell assay. The gene expression and the phosphorylation of c-Met were examined by realtime-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Finally, the secretion of HGF was detected by ELISA assay. RESULTS c-Met, activated protein kinase (AMPK), and tyrosine kinase A (TRKA) were inhibited by SIM-89 with the IC₅₀ values of 297 nmol/L, 1.31 μmol/L, and 150.2 nmol/L, respectively. SIM-89 exerted adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibition on c-Met. Moreover, the expressions of STAT1, JAK1, and c-Met in H460 cells were decreased by SIM-89 treatment, and c-Met phosphorylation was suppressed in A549, H441, H1299, and B16F10 cells by the treatment. In addition, SIM-89 treatment significantly decreased the level of HGF, which accounted for the activation of c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase. Finally, we showed cell proliferation inhibition and cell migration suppression in H460 and H1299 cells after SIM-89 treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SIM-89 inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration and HGF autocrine, suggesting it's potential antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pei
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Teng
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Sha
- Department of Basic Research, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiqing Gu
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Qian
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Hepatocyte growth factor secreted by bone marrow stem cell reduce ER stress and improves repair in alveolar epithelial II cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41901. [PMID: 28157203 PMCID: PMC5291222 DOI: 10.1038/srep41901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible lung disease with complex pathophysiology. Evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in IPF patients. Secreted mediators from bone marrow stem cells (BMSC-cm) have regenerative properties. In this study we investigate the beneficial effects of BMSC-cm on ER stress response in primary AEC and ER stressed A549 cells. We hypothesize that BMSC-cm reduces ER stress. Primary AEC isolated from IPF patients were treated with BMSC-cm. To induce ER stress A549 cells were incubated with Tunicamycin or Thapsigargin and treated with BMSC-cm, or control media. Primary IPF-AEC had high Grp78 and CHOP gene expression, which was lowered after BMSC-cm treatment. Similar results were observed in ER stressed A549 cells. Alveolar epithelial repair increased in presence of BMSC-cm in ER stressed A549 cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was detected in biologically relevant levels in BMSC-cm. Neutralization of HGF in BMSC-cm attenuated the beneficial effects of BMSC-cm including synthesis of surfactant protein C (SP-C) in primary AEC, indicating a crucial role of HGF in ER homeostasis and alveolar epithelial repair. Our data suggest that BMSC-cm may be a potential therapeutic option for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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45
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Gemmill RM, Nasarre P, Nair-Menon J, Cappuzzo F, Landi L, D'Incecco A, Uramoto H, Yoshida T, Haura EB, Armeson K, Drabkin HA. The neuropilin 2 isoform NRP2b uniquely supports TGFβ-mediated progression in lung cancer. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/462/eaag0528. [PMID: 28096505 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) are co-receptors for heparin-binding growth factors and class 3 semaphorins. Different isoforms of NRP1 and NRP2 are produced by alternative splicing. We found that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling preferentially increased the abundance of NRP2b. NRP2b and NRP2a differ only in their carboxyl-terminal regions. Although the presence of NRP2b inhibited cultured cell proliferation and primary tumor growth, NRP2b enhanced cellular migration, invasion into Matrigel, and tumorsphere formation in cultured cells in response to TGFβ signaling and promoted metastasis in xenograft mouse models. These effects of overexpressed NRP2b contrast with the effects of overexpressed NRP2a. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced phosphorylation of the kinase AKT was specifically promoted by NRP2b, whereas inhibiting the HGF receptor MET attenuated NRP2b-dependent cell migration. Unlike NRP2a, NRP2b did not bind the PDZ domain scaffolding protein GAIP carboxyl terminus-interacting protein (GIPC1) and only weakly recruited phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), potentially explaining the difference between NRP2b-mediated and NRP2a-mediated effects. Analysis of NSCLC patient tumors showed that NRP2b abundance correlated with that of the immune cell checkpoint receptor ligand PD-L1 as well as with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes in the tumors, acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, disease progression, and poor survival in patients. NRP2b knockdown attenuated the acquisition of resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in cultured NSCLC cells. Thus, in NSCLC, NRP2b contributed to the oncogenic response to TGFβ and correlated with tumor progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Patrick Nasarre
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joyce Nair-Menon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Lorenza Landi
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, Leghorn 57100, Italy
| | - Armida D'Incecco
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, Leghorn 57100, Italy
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kent Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Jeon HM, Lee J. MET: roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28164090 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a number of cancers, deregulated MET pathway leads to aberrantly activated proliferative and invasive signaling programs that promote malignant transformation, cell motility and migration, angiogenesis, survival in hypoxia, and invasion. A better understanding of oncogenic MET signaling will help us to discover effective therapeutic approaches and to identify which tumors are likely to respond to MET-targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the roles of MET signaling in cancer, with particular focus on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness. Then, we will provide update on MET targeting agents and discuss the challenges that should be overcome for the development of an effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Qin J, Zhou J, Dai X, Zhou H, Pan X, Wang X, Zhang F, Rao J, Lu L. Short-term starvation attenuates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by Sirt1-autophagy signaling in mice. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3364-3375. [PMID: 27648127 PMCID: PMC5009389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction or starvation (fasting) has some beneficial effects in terms of prolonging life and increasing resistance to stress. It has also been shown that calorie restriction has a protective role during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in several organs, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of short-term starvation (STS) on liver IRI in a mouse liver IRI model. We found that STS significantly attenuated liver IRI in this model, as evidenced by inhibition of serum aminotransferase levels, and decreased pathological damage and hepatocellular apoptosis, especially after 2- or 3-day starvation. Furthermore, we found that 2- or 3-day starvation induced expression of hepatocellular autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Further experiments provided support for the notion that STS-induced autophagy played a key role during starvation-regulated protection against liver IRI via autophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine. Interestingly, the longevity gene Sirt1 was also significantly up-regulated in liver after STS. Importantly, inhibition of Sirt1 by sirtinol abolished STS-induced autophagy and further abrogated STS-mediated protection against liver IRI. In conclusion, our results indicate that STS attenuates liver IRI via the Sirt1-autophagy pathway. Our findings provide a rationale for a novel therapeutic strategy for managing liver IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Qin
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junjin Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinzheng Dai
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiongxiong Pan
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ling Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center of First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
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STEPICHEVA NADEZDAA, SONG JIAL. Function and regulation of microRNA-31 in development and disease. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:654-74. [PMID: 27405090 PMCID: PMC6040227 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that orchestrate numerous cellular processes both under normal physiological conditions as well as in diseases. This review summarizes the functional roles and transcriptional regulation of the highly evolutionarily conserved miRNA, microRNA-31 (miR-31). miR-31 is an important regulator of embryonic implantation, development, bone and muscle homeostasis, and immune system function. Its own regulation is disrupted during the onset and progression of cancer and autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Limited studies suggest that miR-31 is transcriptionally regulated by epigenetics, such as methylation and acetylation, as well as by a number of transcription factors. Overall, miR-31 regulates diverse cellular and developmental processes by targeting genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell motility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 654-674, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JIA L. SONG
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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Zhang Y, Du Z, Zhang M. Biomarker development in MET-targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:37370-37389. [PMID: 27013592 PMCID: PMC5095083 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase by its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, motility and invasion, all of which may be enhanced in human cancers. Aberrantly activated MET/HGF signaling correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis, and is regarded as a robust target for the development of novel anti-cancer treatments. Various clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective HGF/MET inhibitors in cancer patients. There is currently no optimal or standardized method for accurate and reliable assessment of MET levels, or other biomarkers that are predictive of the patient response to MET-targeted therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the importance of accurate HGF/MET signal detection as a predictive biomarker to guide patient selection for clinical trials of MET-targeted therapies in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Amgen Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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HGFL supports mammary tumorigenesis by enhancing tumor cell intrinsic survival and influencing macrophage and T-cell responses. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17445-61. [PMID: 25938541 PMCID: PMC4627320 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ron receptor is overexpressed in human breast cancers and is associated with heightened metastasis and poor survival. Ron overexpression in the mammary epithelium of mice is sufficient to induce aggressive mammary tumors with a high degree of metastasis. Despite the well-documented role of Ron in breast cancer, few studies have examined the necessity of the endogenous Ron ligand, hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL) in mammary tumorigenesis. Herein, mammary tumor growth and metastasis were examined in mice overexpressing Ron in the mammary epithelium with or without HGFL. HGFL ablation decreased oncogenic Ron activation and delayed mammary tumor initiation. HGFL was important for tumor cell proliferation and survival. HGFL loss resulted in increased numbers of macrophages and T-cells within the tumor. T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity dramatically increased in HGFL deficient mice. Biochemical analysis of HGFL proficient tumors showed increased local HGFL production, with HGFL loss decreasing β-catenin expression and NF-κB activation. Re-expression of HGFL in HGFL deficient tumor cells stimulated cell migration and invasion with coordinate activation of NF-κB and reduced apoptosis. Together, these results demonstrate critical in vivo functions for HGFL in promoting breast tumorigenesis and suggest that targeting HGFL may inhibit tumor growth and reactivate anti-tumor immune responses.
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