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Murotomi K, Umeno A, Shichiri M, Tanito M, Yoshida Y. Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032739. [PMID: 36769060 PMCID: PMC9917472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, play an important role in the onset and progression of disease, as well as in aging. Singlet oxygen can be formed non-enzymatically by chemical, photochemical, and electron transfer reactions, or as a byproduct of endogenous enzymatic reactions in phagocytosis during inflammation. The imbalance of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant networks with the generation of singlet oxygen increases oxidative stress, resulting in the undesirable oxidation and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of singlet oxygen production in vivo and methods for the evaluation of damage induced by singlet oxygen. The involvement of singlet oxygen in the pathogenesis of skin and eye diseases is also discussed from the biomolecular perspective. We also present our findings on lipid oxidation products derived from singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation in glaucoma, early diabetes patients, and a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Even in these diseases, oxidation products due to singlet oxygen have not been measured clinically. This review discusses their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis. Recent developments in singlet oxygen scavengers such as carotenoids, which can be utilized to prevent the onset and progression of disease, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Aya Umeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mototada Shichiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-751-8234
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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Huntingtin and Other Neurodegeneration-Associated Proteins in the Development of Intracellular Pathologies: Potential Target Search for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415533. [PMID: 36555175 PMCID: PMC9779313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are currently incurable. Numerous experimental data accumulated over the past fifty years have brought us closer to understanding the molecular and cell mechanisms responsible for their development. However, these data are not enough for a complete understanding of the genesis of these diseases, nor to suggest treatment methods. It turns out that many cellular pathologies developing during neurodegeneration coincide from disease to disease. These observations give hope to finding a common intracellular target(s) and to offering a universal method of treatment. In this review, we attempt to analyze data on similar cellular disorders among neurodegenerative diseases in general, and polyglutamine neurodegenerative diseases in particular, focusing on the interaction of various proteins involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases with various cellular organelles. The main purposes of this review are: (1) to outline the spectrum of common intracellular pathologies and to answer the question of whether it is possible to find potential universal target(s) for therapeutic intervention; (2) to identify specific intracellular pathologies and to speculate about a possible general approach for their treatment.
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3
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Tsouri AM, Robinson D. Reactions of singlet oxygen with cholesterol: a computational study. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2139305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Tsouri
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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4
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Lambert-Smith IA, Saunders DN, Yerbury JJ. Progress in biophysics and molecular biology proteostasis impairment and ALS. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 174:3-27. [PMID: 35716729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that results from the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. It is the most common motor neuron disease and currently has no effective treatment. There is mounting evidence to suggest that disturbances in proteostasis play a significant role in ALS pathogenesis. Proteostasis is the maintenance of the proteome at the right level, conformation and location to allow a cell to perform its intended function. In this review, we present a thorough synthesis of the literature that provides evidence that genetic mutations associated with ALS cause imbalance to a proteome that is vulnerable to such pressure due to its metastable nature. We propose that the mechanism underlying motor neuron death caused by defects in mRNA metabolism and protein degradation pathways converges on proteostasis dysfunction. We propose that the proteostasis network may provide an effective target for therapeutic development in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A Lambert-Smith
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Feng Y, Xu S, Song ZL, Ren TB, Huan SY, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Selective detection of ozone in inflamed mice using a novel activatable chemiluminescent probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4184-4187. [PMID: 35266941 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here an activatable chemiluminescent probe CL-O3 for the high-contrast imaging of O3in vivo. CL-O3 exhibited a high selectivity toward O3 and was able to evaluate the degree of inflammation in mice by detecting endogenous O3 levels in acute inflamed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical En-gineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical En-gineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical En-gineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang-Yan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical En-gineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical En-gineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical En-gineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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Atherogenic oxoaldehyde of cholesterol induces innate immune response in monocytes and macrophages. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:649-658. [PMID: 34129147 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation product, 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (cholesterol 5,6-secosterol, ChSeco or Atheronal-A), formed at inflammatory sites, has been shown to promote monocyte differentiation into macrophages and cause elevated expression of macrophage scavenger receptors. Since inflammation is a key event at all stages of atherosclerotic plaque formation, the pro-inflammatory actions of ChSeco in human THP-1 monocytes and mouse J774 macrophages were investigated in the present study by employing ELISA, qRT-PCR, and functional assays. An increase in the secretion of interleukin-8 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoform AA and, to a limited extent, PDGF isoform BB was observed into the culture medium of THP-1 monocytes exposed to ChSeco. However, no changes were seen in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In J774 macrophages treated with ChSeco, there was an upregulation of gene expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors. Concomitantly, there was down-regulation of gene expression of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-10, and lymphotoxin-beta. An increase in the release of interleukin-18 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-20 from J774 macrophages (which corroborated well with their gene expression profiles) and increased binding of THP-1 monocytes to ChSeco-exposed human aortic endothelial cells were observed. The results of the present study, for the first time, demonstrate the pro-inflammatory action of ChSeco and suggest the underlying pro-atherogenic mechanisms. These could be mediated through enhanced monocyte recruitment into the sub-endothelial space and subsequent proliferation of smooth muscle cells under the influence of monocyte-derived PDGF.
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Miyamoto S, Lima RS, Inague A, Viviani LG. Electrophilic oxysterols: generation, measurement and protein modification. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:416-440. [PMID: 33494620 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1879387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian plasma membranes. Alterations in sterol metabolism or oxidation have been linked to various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Unsaturated sterols are vulnerable to oxidation induced by singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. This process yields reactive sterol oxidation products, including hydroperoxides, epoxides as well as aldehydes. These oxysterols, in particular those with high electrophilicity, can modify nucleophilic sites in biomolecules and affect many cellular functions. Here, we review the generation and measurement of reactive sterol oxidation products with emphasis on cholesterol hydroperoxides and aldehyde derivatives (electrophilic oxysterols) and their effects on protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Viviani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Takayasu BS, Martins IR, Garnique AM, Miyamoto S, Machado-Santelli GM, Uemi M, Onuki J. Biological effects of an oxyphytosterol generated by β-Sitosterol ozonization. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Reactive Sterol Electrophiles: Mechanisms of Formation and Reactions with Proteins and Amino Acid Nucleophiles. CHEMISTRY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 2:390-417. [PMID: 35372835 PMCID: PMC8976181 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radical-mediated lipid oxidation and the formation of lipid hydroperoxides has been a focal point in the investigation of a number of human pathologies. Lipid peroxidation has long been linked to the inflammatory response and more recently, has been identified as the central tenet of the oxidative cell death mechanism known as ferroptosis. The formation of lipid electrophile-protein adducts has been associated with many of the disorders that involve perturbations of the cellular redox status, but the identities of adducted proteins and the effects of adduction on protein function are mostly unknown. Both cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), which is the immediate biosynthetic precursor to cholesterol, are oxidizable by species such as ozone and oxygen-centered free radicals. Product mixtures from radical chain processes are particularly complex, with recent studies having expanded the sets of electrophilic compounds formed. Here, we describe recent developments related to the formation of sterol-derived electrophiles and the adduction of these electrophiles to proteins. A framework for understanding sterol peroxidation mechanisms, which has significantly advanced in recent years, as well as the methods for the study of sterol electrophile-protein adduction, are presented in this review.
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11
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Fabiani C, Antollini SS. Alzheimer's Disease as a Membrane Disorder: Spatial Cross-Talk Among Beta-Amyloid Peptides, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Lipid Rafts. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:309. [PMID: 31379503 PMCID: PMC6657435 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes show lateral and transverse asymmetric lipid distribution. Cholesterol (Chol) localizes in both hemilayers, but in the external one it is mostly condensed in lipid-ordered microdomains (raft domains), together with saturated phosphatidyl lipids and sphingolipids (including sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids). Membrane asymmetries induce special membrane biophysical properties and behave as signals for several physiological and/or pathological processes. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a perturbation in different membrane properties. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein together with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are the most characteristic cellular changes observed in this disease. The extracellular presence of Aβ peptides forming senile plaques, together with soluble oligomeric species of Aβ, are considered the major cause of the synaptic dysfunction of AD. The association between Aβ peptide and membrane lipids has been extensively studied. It has been postulated that Chol content and Chol distribution condition Aβ production and posterior accumulation in membranes and, hence, cell dysfunction. Several lines of evidence suggest that Aβ partitions in the cell membrane accumulate mostly in raft domains, the site where the cleavage of the precursor AβPP by β- and γ- secretase is also thought to occur. The main consequence of the pathogenesis of AD is the disruption of the cholinergic pathways in the cerebral cortex and in the basal forebrain. In parallel, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been extensively linked to membrane properties. Since its transmembrane domain exhibits extensive contacts with the surrounding lipids, the acetylcholine receptor function is conditioned by its lipid microenvironment. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is present in high-density clusters in the cell membrane where it localizes mainly in lipid-ordered domains. Perturbations of sphingomyelin or cholesterol composition alter acetylcholine receptor location. Therefore, Aβ processing, Aβ partitioning, and acetylcholine receptor location and function can be manipulated by changes in membrane lipid biophysics. Understanding these mechanisms should provide insights into new therapeutic strategies for prevention and/or treatment of AD. Here, we discuss the implications of lipid-protein interactions at the cell membrane level in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fabiani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Silvia S Antollini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca CONICET-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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12
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Nooshi-Nedamani S, Habibi-Rezaei M, Farzadfard A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Intensification of serum albumin amyloidogenesis by a glycation-peroxidation loop (GPL). Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 668:54-60. [PMID: 31091430 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of reducing sugars with proteins leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and reactive oxidative species (ROS). ROS peroxidise free or membrane included unsaturated fatty acids, leading to generate reactive aldehydes as advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALE). Aldehydes from lipid peroxidation (LPO) react with proteins to cause alteration of protein structure to exacerbate complication of diseases. Here we studied serum albumin glycation in the presence and absence of liposomes as a bio-membrane model to investigate protein structural changes using various techniques including intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopies and electron microscopy analysis. Accordingly, serum albumin glycation and fibrillation were accelerated and intensified in the presence of liposomes through a hypothesized glycation-peroxidation loop (GPL). Together, our results shed light on the necessity of reconsidering diabetic protein glycation to make it close to physiological conditions mimicry, more importantly, proteins structural change due to diabetic glycation is intensified in the proximity of cell membranes which probably potentiates programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nooshi-Nedamani
- Protein Biotechnology Research Lab (PBRL), School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Habibi-Rezaei
- Protein Biotechnology Research Lab (PBRL), School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Nano-Biomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Farzadfard
- Protein Biotechnology Research Lab (PBRL), School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Howlett GJ, Ryan TM, Griffin MD. Lipid-apolipoprotein interactions in amyloid fibril formation and relevance to atherosclerosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:502-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Croze ML, Zimmer L. Ozone Atmospheric Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: From Epidemiological Facts to Molecular Mechanisms. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:503-522. [PMID: 29480184 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution is a well-known environmental hazard, especially in developing countries where millions of people are exposed to airborne pollutant levels above safety standards. Accordingly, several epidemiological and animal studies confirmed its role in respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies and identified a strong link between ambient air pollution exposure and adverse health outcomes such as hospitalization and mortality. More recently, the potential deleterious effect of air pollution inhalation on the central nervous system was also investigated and mounting evidence supports a link between air pollution exposure and neurodegenerative pathologies, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). The focus of this review is to highlight the possible link between ozone air pollution exposure and AD incidence. This review's approach will go from observational and epidemiological facts to the proposal of molecular mechanisms. First, epidemiological and postmortem human study data concerning residents of ozone-severely polluted megacities will be presented and discussed. Then, the more particular role of ozone air pollution in AD pathology will be described and evidenced by toxicological studies in rat or mouse with ozone pollution exposure only. The experimental paradigms used to reproduce in rodent the human exposure to ozone air pollution will be described. Finally, current insights into the molecular mechanisms through which ozone inhalation can affect the brain and play a role in AD development or progression will be recapitulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine L Croze
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Zimmer
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Bron, France
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15
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Dantas LS, Chaves-Filho AB, Coelho FR, Genaro-Mattos TC, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Augusto O, Miyamoto S. Cholesterol secosterol aldehyde adduction and aggregation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase: Potential implications in ALS. Redox Biol 2018; 19:105-115. [PMID: 30142602 PMCID: PMC6106709 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. While the fundamental causes of the disease are still unclear, the accumulation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) immunoreactive aggregates is associated with familial ALS cases. Cholesterol 5,6-secosterol aldehydes (Seco A and Seco B) are reported to contribute to neurodegenerative disease pathology by inducing protein modification and aggregation. Here we have investigated the presence of secosterol aldehydes in ALS SOD1-G93A rats and their capacity to induce SOD1 aggregation. Secosterol aldehydes were analyzed in blood plasma, spinal cord and motor cortex of ALS rats at the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. Seco B was significantly increased in plasma of symptomatic ALS rats compared to pre-symptomatic animals, suggesting an association with disease progression. In vitro experiments showed that both Seco A and Seco B induce the formation of high molecular weight (HMW) SOD1 aggregates with amorphous morphology. SOD1 adduction to ω-alkynyl-secosterols analyzed by click assay showed that modified proteins are only detected in the HMW region, indicating that secosterol adduction generates species highly prone to aggregate. Of note, SOD1-secosterol adducts containing up to five secosterol molecules were confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis. Interestingly, mass spectrometry sequencing of SOD1 aggregates revealed preferential secosterol adduction to Lys residues located at the electrostatic loop (Lys 122, 128 and 136) and nearby the dimer interface (Lys 3 and 9). Altogether, our results show that secosterol aldehydes are increased in plasma of symptomatic ALS rats and represent a class of aldehydes that can potentially modify SOD1 enhancing its propensity to aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Cheignon C, Tomas M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Faller P, Hureau C, Collin F. Oxidative stress and the amyloid beta peptide in Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2018; 14:450-464. [PMID: 29080524 PMCID: PMC5680523 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1257] [Impact Index Per Article: 209.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. In particular, it is linked to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Histopathological hallmarks of AD are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular formation of senile plaques composed of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in aggregated form along with metal-ions such as copper, iron or zinc. Redox active metal ions, as for example copper, can catalyze the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) when bound to the amyloid-β (Aβ). The ROS thus produced, in particular the hydroxyl radical which is the most reactive one, may contribute to oxidative damage on both the Aβ peptide itself and on surrounding molecule (proteins, lipids, …). This review highlights the existing link between oxidative stress and AD, and the consequences towards the Aβ peptide and surrounding molecules in terms of oxidative damage. In addition, the implication of metal ions in AD, their interaction with the Aβ peptide and redox properties leading to ROS production are discussed, along with both in vitro and in vivo oxidation of the Aβ peptide, at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheignon
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - M Tomas
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - D Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8258 - INSERM U1022, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - P Faller
- Biometals and Biology Chemistry, Institut de Chimie (CNRS UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg, 4 rue B. Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - C Hureau
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - F Collin
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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17
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Miyoshi N. Biochemical properties of cholesterol aldehyde secosterol and its derivatives. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 62:107-114. [PMID: 29610549 PMCID: PMC5874229 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of cholesterol aldehyde, 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (secosterol-A, also called 5,6-secosterol), and its aldolization product (secosterol-B) have been detected in human atherosclerotic plaques and tissues samples of brains affected by neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia suggesting that increased formation of these compounds may be associated with inflammation-related diseases. Secosterol-A and secosterol-B, and also further oxidized products seco-A-COOH and seco-B-COOH induce several pro-inflammatory activities in vitro. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that the covalent bindings of these secosterols to target proteins seem to be critical to trigger their pro-inflammatory activities. One of the molecular mechanisms of protein adduct formations is that aldehydic function of secosterol-A and secosterol-B is reactive and form Schiff bases with ε- or N-terminal amino groups of proteins. In other cases, it is recently suggested that Michael acceptor moiety formed by the dehydration of not only secosterol-A and secosterol-B but also seco-A-COOH may react with nucleophilic site on target proteins. In this review, I summarize and provide an overview of formation mechanism of secosterols in in vitro and in vivo, patho- or physiological concentrations in biological and clinical samples, and molecular mechanisms of pro-inflammatory activities of secosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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18
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Aratani Y. Myeloperoxidase: Its role for host defense, inflammation, and neutrophil function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 640:47-52. [PMID: 29336940 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase expressed mainly in neutrophils and to a lesser degree in monocytes. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and halides, MPO catalyzes the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The MPO/HOCl system plays an important role in microbial killing by neutrophils. In addition, MPO has been demonstrated to be a local mediator of tissue damage and the resulting inflammation in various inflammatory diseases. These findings have implicated MPO as an important therapeutic target in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. In contrast to its injurious effects at sites of inflammation, recent studies using animal models of various inflammatory diseases have demonstrated that MPO deficiency results in the exaggeration of inflammatory response, and that it affects neutrophil functions including cytokine production. Given these diverse effects, a growing interest has emerged in the role of this well-studied enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Aratani
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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19
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Doig AJ. Positive Feedback Loops in Alzheimer's Disease: The Alzheimer's Feedback Hypothesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:25-36. [PMID: 30282364 PMCID: PMC6484277 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dominant model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the accumulation of excess amyloid-β (Aβ) leads to inflammation, excess glutamate and intracellular calcium, oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation and tangle formation, neuronal loss, and ultimately dementia. In a cascade, AD proceeds in a unidirectional fashion, with events only affecting downstream processes. Compelling evidence now exists for the presence of positive feedback loops in AD, however, involving oxidative stress, inflammation, glutamate, calcium, and tau. The pathological state of AD is thus a system of positive feedback loops, leading to amplification of the initial perturbation, rather than a linear cascade. Drugs may therefore be effective by targeting numerous points within the loops, rather than concentrating on upstream processes. Anti-inflammatories and anti-oxidants may be especially valuable, since these processes are involved in many loops and hence would affect numerous processes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, UK
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20
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McCully KS. Hyperhomocysteinemia, Suppressed Immunity, and Altered Oxidative Metabolism Caused by Pathogenic Microbes in Atherosclerosis and Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:324. [PMID: 29056905 PMCID: PMC5635055 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic microorganisms have been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques and in cerebral plaques in dementia. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and dementia, is caused by dysregulation of methionine metabolism secondary to deficiency of the allosteric regulator, adenosyl methionine. Deficiency of adenosyl methionine results from increased polyamine biosynthesis by infected host cells, causing increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase, decreased nitric oxide and peroxynitrate formation and impaired immune reactions. The down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation that is observed in aging and dementia is attributed to deficiency of thioretinaco ozonide oxygen complexed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and phosphate, which catalyzes oxidative phosphorylation. Adenosyl methionine biosynthesis is dependent upon thioretinaco ozonide and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the deficiency of adenosyl methionine and impaired immune function in aging are attributed to depletion of thioretinaco ozonide from mitochondrial membranes. Allyl sulfides and furanonaphthoquinones protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis by increasing the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide and by inhibiting electron transfer to the active site of oxidative phosphorylation. Diallyl trisulfide and napabucasin inhibit the signaling by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), potentially enhancing immune function by effects on T helper lymphocytes and promotion of apoptosis. Homocysteine promotes endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis by the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress through activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, causing oxidative stress, calcium influx, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The prevention of atherosclerosis and dementia may be accomplished by a proposed nutritional metabolic homocysteine-lowering protocol which enhances immunity and corrects the altered oxidative metabolism in atherosclerosis and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilmer S. McCully
- Pathology, VA Boston Healthcare System (VHA), Boston, MA, United States
- Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Zerbinati C, Iuliano L. Cholesterol and related sterols autoxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:151-155. [PMID: 28428001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a unique lipid molecule providing the building block for membranes, hormones, vitamin D and bile acid synthesis. Metabolism of cholesterol involves several enzymes acting on the sterol nucleus or the isooctyl tail. In the recent years, research interest has been focused on oxysterols, cholesterol derivatives generated by the addition of oxygen to the cholesterol backbone. Oxysterols can be produced enzymatically or by autoxidation. Autoxidation of cholesterol proceeds through type I or type II mechanisms. Type I autoxidation is initiated by free radical species, such as those arising from the superoxide/hydrogen peroxide/hydroxyl radical system. Type II autoxidation occurs stoichiometrically by non-radical highly reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, HOCl, and ozone. The vulnerability of cholesterol towards high reactive species has raised considerable interest for mechanistic studies and for the potential biological activity of oxysterols, as well as for the use of oxysterols as biomarkers for the non-invasive study of oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zerbinati
- Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Roma, Latina, Italy.
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22
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Ahuja M, Buabeid M, Abdel-Rahman E, Majrashi M, Parameshwaran K, Amin R, Ramesh S, Thiruchelvan K, Pondugula S, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Immunological alteration & toxic molecular inductions leading to cognitive impairment & neurotoxicity in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2017; 177:49-59. [PMID: 28286225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is considered to be one of the crucial pathological factors associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease, although supportive experimental evidence remains undiscovered. Therefore, the current study was carried out to better understand and establish the pathophysiological involvement of chronic inflammation in a double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. MAIN METHODS We analyzed amyloid-beta deposition, oxidative stress, biochemical, neurochemical and immunological markers in a 10month old (APΔE9) mouse model. Memory functions were assessed by behavioral testing followed by measurement of synaptic plasticity via extracellular field recordings. KEY FINDINGS Substantial increases in amyloid-beta levels, beta-secretase activity, and oxidative stress, along with significant neurochemical alterations in glutamate and GABA levels were detected in the brain of APΔE9 mice. Interestingly, marked elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in whole brain lysate of APΔE9 mice were observed. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a higher frequency of CD4+ IL-17a and IFN-γ secreting T-cells in APΔE9 brain, indicating a robust T-cell infiltration and activation. Behavioral deficits in learning and memory tasks, along with impairment in long-term potentiation and associated biochemical changes in the expression of glutamatergic receptor subunits were evident. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, this study establishes the role by which oxidative stress, alterations in glutamate and GABA levels and inflammation increases hippocampal and cortical neurotoxicity resulting in the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Engy Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA; Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kodeeswaran Parameshwaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kariharan Thiruchelvan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (HSOP), Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of lipid peroxidation, a degenerative process that is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, are highlighted. In particular, the factors that control the kinetics and regio-/stereochemical outcomes of the autoxidation of both polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols and the subsequent decomposition of the hydroperoxide products to cytotoxic derivatives are discussed. These advances promise to help clarify the role of lipid peroxidation in cell death and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zosia A M Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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24
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Hentschel A, Zahedi RP, Ahrends R. Protein lipid modifications--More than just a greasy ballast. Proteomics 2016; 16:759-82. [PMID: 26683279 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent lipid modifications of proteins are crucial for regulation of cellular plasticity, since they affect the chemical and physical properties and therefore protein activity, localization, and stability. Most recently, lipid modifications on proteins are increasingly attracting important regulatory entities in diverse signaling events and diseases. In all cases, the lipid moiety of modified proteins is essential to allow water-soluble proteins to strongly interact with membranes or to induce structural changes in proteins that are critical for elemental processes such as respiration, transport, signal transduction, and motility. Until now, roughly about ten lipid modifications on different amino acid residues are described at the UniProtKB database and even well-known modifications are underrepresented. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to develop a better understanding of this emerging and so far under-investigated type of protein modification. Therefore, this review aims to give a comprehensive and detailed overview about enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipidation events, will report their role in cellular biology, discuss their relevancy for diseases, and describe so far available bioanalytical strategies to analyze this highly challenging type of modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
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25
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Chi LM, Wang X, Nan GX. In silico analyses for molecular genetic mechanism and candidate genes in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2016; 116:543-547. [PMID: 26935318 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-016-0613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify candidate genes and explore the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exon microarray data composed by of three human entorhinal cortex samples of AD patients and three non-demented controls (NDC) were analyzed, then expression profile data were preprocessed with the Oligo package and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package in R/Bioconductor. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was predicted and constructed using the STRING database. Finally, gene ontology (GO)-biological processes (BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched by DEGs were recognized. A total of 124 up-regulated and 218 down-regulated genes were identified. TGF-beta-activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2 (TAB 2) and chromogranin B (secretogranin 1) (CHGB) were the significantly up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. In addition, DEGs of DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 1 (DNAJB1) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSPA1A) were in the up-regulated network, while synaptophysin (SYP) and somatostatin (SST) were in the down-regulated network. Furthermore, the up-regulated genes were enriched in GO-BP terms of protein stimulus, unfolding and organic substance, etc., and pathways of ECM-receptor interaction, etc. The down-regulated genes were mainly associated with nerve-related transmission and neuroactive substances transportation. Protein folding abnormality and altered synaptic transmission could have a synergistic effect on the pathomechanism of AD. DEGs including DNAJB1 and HSPA1A may be involved in both the processes, while CHGB, SYP and SST may be important for the regulation of synaptic transmission to contribute to the progress and development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Mei Chi
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No 126 Xintai Street, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Xian Nan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No 126 Xintai Street, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
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26
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Mazzitelli S, Filipello F, Rasile M, Lauranzano E, Starvaggi-Cucuzza C, Tamborini M, Pozzi D, Barajon I, Giorgino T, Natalello A, Matteoli M. Amyloid-β 1-24 C-terminal truncated fragment promotes amyloid-β 1-42 aggregate formation in the healthy brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:110. [PMID: 27724899 PMCID: PMC5057504 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial data indicate that amyloid-β (Aβ), the major component of senile plaques, plays a central role in Alzheimer’s Disease and indeed the assembly of naturally occurring amyloid peptides into cytotoxic aggregates is linked to the disease pathogenesis. Although Aβ42 is a highly aggregating form of Aβ, the co-occurrence of shorter Aβ peptides might affect the aggregation potential of the Aβ pool. In this study we aimed to assess whether the structural behavior of human Aβ42 peptide inside the brain is influenced by the concomitant presence of N-terminal fragments produced by the proteolytic activity of glial cells. We show that the occurrence of the human C-terminal truncated 1–24 Aβ fragment impairs Aβ42 clearance through blood brain barrier and promotes the formation of Aβ42 aggregates even in the healthy brain. By showing that Aβ1-24 has seeding properties for aggregate formation in intracranially injected wild type mice, our study provide the proof-of-concept that peptides produced upon Aβ42 cleavage by activated glial cells may cause phenotypic defects even in the absence of genetic mutations associated with Alzheimer’s Disease, possibly contributing to the development of the sporadic form of the pathology.
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27
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Sasaki K, Maikusa N, Imabayashi E, Yuasa T, Matsuda H. The feasibility of 11C-PIB-PET/CT for amyloid plaque burden: validation of the effectiveness of CT-based partial volume correction. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00532. [PMID: 27781145 PMCID: PMC5064343 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging with 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) is an effective tool for assessing brain amyloid deposits. PET imaging, however, can suffer from the partial volume effect (PVE). PVE has been corrected using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) image data. However, correction of the PVE of PET using MRI usually requires two separate procedures, imposing a burden on patients and leading to low throughput and inefficient diagnoses. The advent of PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) may potentially overcome these problems and offer higher throughput and reliable quantification of amyloid plaques and assessment of Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS We investigated the feasibility of correcting PVE in amyloid PET using CT, obtained by PET/CT, instead of MRI. We demonstrated the efficacy of partial volume correction (PVC) based on CT by comparing the results of CT-based PVC and those of MRI-based PVC using images acquired from AD patients and controls. RESULTS Both methods were able to perform PVC. Slight but significant differences between standard uptake volume ratio (SUVR) values were noted between the two modalities; these were attenuated by constant multiplication. CONCLUSION CT will potentially replace MRI for PVC, allowing the use of a single PET/CT scanner for amyloid plaque quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University Yamagata Japan; Integrative Brain Imaging Center National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan; Department of Nuclear Medicine Saitama Medical University International Medical Center Saitama Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan
| | - Etsuko Imabayashi
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yuasa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan; Department of Nuclear Medicine Saitama Medical University International Medical Center Saitama Japan
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28
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Brzeska M, Szymczyk K, Szterk A. Current Knowledge about Oxysterols: A Review. J Food Sci 2016; 81:R2299-R2308. [PMID: 27561087 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For years food consumers have been warned that a cholesterol-rich diet may result in atherosclerosis. It is also well known that consumption of large amounts of phytosterols decreases concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in blood (LDLs are regarded a key risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases). However, no scientific evidence has unambiguously proved any direct connection between amount of consumed cholesterol and LDL level in blood. On the other hand, concentration of cholesterol oxidation products, oxysterols, seems to be indeed relevant; for example, they significantly impact appearance of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). Phytosterols (like sitosterol or campasterol) decrease LDL level in blood, but on the other hand products of their oxidation are toxic. Therefore, it is worth to know influence of phytosterols on living organisms, processes which lead to their formation, and their levels in popular foodstuffs. This paper is an attempt to review literature data on the above aspects, as well as on impact on living organisms of oxidation products of popular sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Brzeska
- Dept. of Food Analysis, The Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- Dept. of Food Analysis, The Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Szterk
- National Medicines Inst, Dept. of Spectrometric Methods, 30/40 Chełmska, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Zielinski ZAM, Pratt DA. Cholesterol Autoxidation Revisited: Debunking the Dogma Associated with the Most Vilified of Lipids. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6932-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zosia A. M. Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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30
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Ahmad A, Stratton CM, Scemama JL, Muzaffar M. Effect of Ca(2+) on Aß40 fibrillation is characteristically different. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:297-304. [PMID: 27138860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the only one among top ten diseases in USA that cannot be cured, prevented or slowed down. At molecular level the mechanism of onset has been closely associated with mis-folding of Aβ40 and Aβ42 and is well supported by the genetic data for AD. Extensive research efforts have led to identification of factors and metal ions that could manipulate Aβ equilibrium, especially Ca(2+). Previously, we reported selectively acceleration of Aβ42 fibril formation by Ca(2+)in vitro within physiological concentrations (BBA (2009) 1794:1536). Aβ40 on the other hand did not appear to be significantly affected by Ca(2+) addition. In an effort to understand the distinctive behavior of Aβ40, we monitored changes of Aβ40 aggregation by intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence and CD and took different approaches for data processing. Our analysis of CD data indicates a complex effect induced by the addition of 2mM Ca(2+) resulting in an increase in the rate of transformation from monomer to β-sheet rich fibrilar or intermediate species formation in Aβ40. Surprisingly, the kinetics observed by intrinsic fluorescence studies in this article and ThT, SEC or EM studies in our previous report were not able to unravel the existence of this effect in Aβ40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ahmad
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States.
| | - Caleb M Stratton
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Scemama
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Mahvish Muzaffar
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
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31
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Endogenous Generation of Singlet Oxygen and Ozone in Human and Animal Tissues: Mechanisms, Biological Significance, and Influence of Dietary Components. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2398573. [PMID: 27042259 PMCID: PMC4799824 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2398573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exposing antibodies or amino acids to singlet oxygen results in the formation of ozone (or an ozone-like oxidant) and hydrogen peroxide and that human neutrophils produce both singlet oxygen and ozone during bacterial killing. There is also mounting evidence that endogenous singlet oxygen production may be a common occurrence in cells through various mechanisms. Thus, the ozone-producing combination of singlet oxygen and amino acids might be a common cellular occurrence. This paper reviews the potential pathways of formation of singlet oxygen and ozone in vivo and also proposes some new pathways for singlet oxygen formation. Physiological consequences of the endogenous formation of these oxidants in human tissues are discussed, as well as examples of how dietary factors may promote or inhibit their generation and activity.
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32
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Miyoshi N. Chemical alterations and regulations of biomolecules in lifestyle-related diseases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1046-53. [PMID: 26856708 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1141037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We know experientially that not only nutrient factors but also non-nutritive functional food factors are playing important roles in maintenance of homeostasis, health promotion, and disease prevention. Although some of these effective behaviors are supported by accumulating scientific evidences, it is in general difficult to determine properly in human. Therefore, the discovering of novel biomarker and developments of the analytical method are one of the prudent strategies to understand disease etiology and evaluate efficacies of functional food factors via monitoring the pathophysiological alteration in live body, tissue, and cells. This review describes recent our findings on (1) formation mechanism, bioactivities, quantitative determination of cholesterol ozonolysis product, secosterol as possible biomarker for lifestyle-related disease, and (2) chemical biology approach for the investigating molecular mechanisms of most promising cancer chemopreventive food factors, isothiocyanate-inducing bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyoshi
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences , Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
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Rapid assessment of singlet oxygen-induced plasma lipid oxidation and its inhibition by antioxidants with diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP). Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:265-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Paul R, Choudhury A, Borah A. Cholesterol - A putative endogenous contributor towards Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:125-33. [PMID: 26232622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of cholesterol and its metabolites (oxysterols) have been reported to be associated not only with several metabolic syndromes, but also become a prognostic risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases particularly Alzheimer's disease. The incidence and the prospect of Alzheimer's disease with respect to elevated levels of cholesterol have been studied extensively and reviewed earlier. Recently, several interesting findings have shown the occurrence of equivalent Parkinsonian pathologies in cellular neuronal models, mediated by oxysterols or excess exposure to cholesterol. In this regard, oxysterols are particular in causing alpha-synuclein aggregation and destruction of dopamine containing neurons in in vitro models, which is linked to their direct influence on oxidative stress provoking potency. Inspite of the significant in vitro reports, which suggest the relativeness of cholesterol or oxysterol towards Parkinsonism, several prospective clinical reports provided a negative or no correlation. However, few prospective clinical studies showed a positive correlation between plasma cholesterol and incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Also, few significant studies have convincingly demonstrated that high fat diet exacerbates parkinsonian pathologies, including loss of dopaminergic neurons and oxidative stress parameters in animal models of PD. The present review brings together all the neuropathological proceedings mediated by excess cholesterol or its metabolites in brain in the light of their contribution towards the onset of PD. Also we have reviewed the possibilities of cholesterol lowering efficacy of statin therapy, in reducing the occurrence of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Paul
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Amarendranath Choudhury
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
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Iuliano L, Crick PJ, Zerbinati C, Tritapepe L, Abdel-Khalik J, Poirot M, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ. Cholesterol metabolites exported from human brain. Steroids 2015; 99:189-93. [PMID: 25668615 PMCID: PMC4503873 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The human brain contains approximately 25% of the body's cholesterol. The brain is separated from the circulation by the blood brain barrier. While cholesterol will not passes this barrier, oxygenated forms of cholesterol can cross the barrier. Here by measuring the difference in the oxysterol content of blood plasma in the jugular vein and in a forearm vein by mass spectrometry (MS) we were able to determine the flux of more than 20 cholesterol metabolites between brain and the circulation. We confirm that 24S-hydroxycholesterol is exported from brain at a rate of about 2-3mg/24h. Gas chromatography (GC)-MS data shows that the cholesterol metabolites 5α-hydroxy-6-oxocholesterol (3β,5α-dihydroxycholestan-6-one), 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-oxocholesterol, generally considered to be formed through reactive oxygen species, are similarly exported from brain at rates of about 0.1, 2 and 2mg/24h, respectively. Although not to statistical significance both GC-MS and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS methods indicate that (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol is imported to brain, while LC-MS indicates that 7α-hydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-enoic acid is exported from brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, corso della Repubblica 79, Latina 04100, Italy
| | - Peter J Crick
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Chiara Zerbinati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, corso della Repubblica 79, Latina 04100, Italy
| | - Luigi Tritapepe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sapienza University of Rome, vial del Policlinico 163, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Jonas Abdel-Khalik
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Marc Poirot
- UMR 1037 INSERM-University Toulouse III, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, and Institut Claudius Regaud, 31052 Toulouse, France
| | - Yuqin Wang
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - William J Griffiths
- College of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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36
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Drochioiu G, Tudorachi L, Murariu M. NOSH aspirin may have a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:262-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH, Hosseini M, Rezaee R, M. Tsatsakis A. The effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituents on nervous system: A review. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2015; 5:376-91. [PMID: 26468457 PMCID: PMC4599112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Saffron or Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus) has been widely used as a medicinal plant to promote human health, especially in Asia. The main components of saffron are crocin, picrocrocin and safranal. The median lethal doses (LD50) of C. sativus are 200 mg/ml and 20.7 g/kg in vitro and in animal studies, respectively. Saffron has been suggested to be effective in the treatment of a wide range of disorders including coronary artery diseases, hypertension, stomach disorders, dysmenorrhea and learning and memory impairments. In addition, different studies have indicated that saffron has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities. Antitussive effects of stigmas and petals of C. sativus and its components, safranal and crocin have also been demonstrated. The anticonvulsant and anti-Alzheimer properties of saffron extract were shown in human and animal studies. The efficacy of C. sativus in the treatment of mild to moderate depression was also reported in clinical trial. Administration of C. sativus and its constituents increased glutamate and dopamine levels in the brain in a dose-dependent manner. It also interacts with the opioid system to reduce withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, in the present article, the effects of C. sativus and its constituents on the nervous system and the possible underlying mechanisms are reviewed. Our literature review showed that C. sativus and its components can be considered as promising agents in the treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurocognitive Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel:+98513800222, Fax:+985138828564,
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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The Role of Lipid in Misfolding and Amyloid Fibril Formation by Apolipoprotein C-II. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 855:157-74. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17344-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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39
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Xu L, Porter NA. Free radical oxidation of cholesterol and its precursors: Implications in cholesterol biosynthesis disorders. Free Radic Res 2014; 49:835-49. [PMID: 25381800 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.985219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Free radical oxidation of cholesterol and its precursors contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of a number of human diseases. This review intends to summarize recent developments and provide a perspective on the reactivities of sterols toward free radical oxidation, the free radical reaction mechanism, and the biological consequences of oxysterols derived from the highly oxidizable cholesterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol. We propose that the rigid structures, additional substituents on the double bonds, and the well-aligned reactive C-H bonds in sterols make them more prone to free radical oxidation than their acyclic analogs found in unsaturated fatty acids. The mechanism of sterol peroxidation follows some well-established reaction pathways found in the free radical peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but sterols also undergo some reactions that are unique to these compounds. Peroxidation of 7-dehydrocholesterol gives arguably the most diverse set of oxysterol products that have been observed to date. The metabolism of these oxysterols in cells and the biological consequences of their formation will be discussed in the context of the pathophysiology of the human disease Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Considering the high reactivity of sterols, we propose that a number of other cholesterol biosynthesis disorders may be associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN , USA
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40
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Combating neurodegenerative disease with chemical probes and model systems. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:911-20. [PMID: 25325702 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The disheartening results of recent clinical trials for neurodegenerative disease (ND) therapeutics underscore the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying disease biology before effective therapies can be devised. One hallmark of many NDs is a disruption in protein homeostasis. Therefore, investigating the role of protein homeostasis in these diseases is central to delineating their underlying pathobiology. Here, we review the seminal role that chemical biology has played in furthering the research on and treatment of dysfunctional protein homeostasis in NDs. We also discuss the vital and predictive role of model systems in identifying conserved homeostasis pathways and genes therein that are altered in neurodegeneration. Integrating approaches from chemical biology with the use of model systems yields a powerful toolkit with which to unravel the complexities of ND biology.
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Windsor K, Genaro-Mattos TC, Miyamoto S, Stec DF, Kim HYH, Tallman KA, Porter NA. Assay of protein and peptide adducts of cholesterol ozonolysis products by hydrophobic and click enrichment methods. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1757-68. [PMID: 25185119 PMCID: PMC4203397 DOI: 10.1021/tx500229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cholesterol
undergoes ozonolysis to afford a variety of oxysterol
products, including cholesterol-5,6-epoxide (CholEp) and the isomeric
aldehydes secosterol A (seco A) and secosterol B (seco B). These oxysterols
display numerous important biological activities, including protein
adduction; however, much remains to be learned about the identity
of the reactive species and the range of proteins modified by these
oxysterols. Here, we synthesized alkynyl derivatives of cholesterol-derived
oxysterols and employed a straightforward detection method to establish
secosterols A and B as the most protein-reactive of the oxysterols
tested. Model adduction studies with an amino acid, peptides, and
proteins provide evidence for the potential role of secosterol dehydration
products in protein adduction. Hydrophobic separation methods—Folch
extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE)—were successfully
applied to enrich oxysterol-adducted peptide species, and LC-MS/MS
analysis of a model peptide–seco adduct revealed a unique fragmentation
pattern (neutral loss of 390 Da) for that species. Coupling a hydrophobic
enrichment method with proteomic analysis utilizing characteristic
fragmentation patterns facilitates the identification of secosterol-modified
peptides and proteins in an adducted protein. More broadly, these
improved enrichment methods may give insight into the role of oxysterols
and ozone exposure in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including
atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease,
and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Windsor
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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42
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López Deber MP, Hickman DT, Nand D, Baldus M, Pfeifer A, Muhs A. Engineering amyloid-like assemblies from unstructured peptides via site-specific lipid conjugation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105641. [PMID: 25207975 PMCID: PMC4160191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) into oligomers and fibrils is believed to play an important role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To gain further insight into the principles of aggregation, we have investigated the induction of β-sheet secondary conformation from disordered native peptide sequences through lipidation, in 1–2% hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Several parameters, such as type and number of lipid chains, peptide sequence, peptide length and net charge, were explored keeping the ratio peptide/HFIP constant. The resulting lipoconjugates were characterized by several physico-chemical techniques: Circular Dichroism (CD), Attenuated Total Reflection InfraRed (ATR-IR), Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy and Electron Microscopy (EM). Our data demonstrate the generation of β-sheet aggregates from numerous unstructured peptides under physiological pH, independent of the amino acid sequence. The amphiphilicity pattern and hydrophobicity of the scaffold were found to be key factors for their assembly into amyloid-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deepak Nand
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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43
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Cytotoxic Effects of Secosterols and Their Derivatives on Several Cultured Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:651-3. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Nielsen NS, Poulsen ET, Klintworth GK, Enghild JJ. Insight into the Protein Composition of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Deposits of Eyelid, Orbital and Conjunctival Amyloidosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; Suppl 8. [PMID: 26500418 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.s8-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a disease characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid deposits. Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis can appear as a local disorder presenting with mild symptoms or as a life threatening systemic disease. The systemic form of immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis is the most common type of amyloidosis in western countries although it is a rare disease. Identification of the proteins forming amyloid fibrils is essential for the diagnosis of the disease and knowledge about the overall protein composition of the deposits may lead to a larger understanding of the deposition events thereby facilitating a more detailed picture of the molecular pathology. In this pilot study, we investigated the protein composition of amyloid deposits isolated from human specimens of the eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbit. Deposits and internal control tissue (patient tissue without apparent deposits) were procured by laser capture microdissection. Proteins in the captured amyloid and control samples were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using the label-free exponential modified Protein Abundance Index (emPAI) method. Immunoglobulin light chain kappa or lambda was found to be the most predominant protein in the amyloid deposits from the eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbit. Five proteins, apolipoprotein A-I, carboxypeptidase B2 (TAFI), complement component C9, fibulin-1 and plasminogen were found solely across all amyloid but not in the control tissue. In addition, the protein profiles identified apolipoprotein E and serum amyloid P component to be associated with the immunoglobulin light chain deposits across all three tissues analyzed. The method used in this study provided high sensitivity and specificity for the type of amyloid and may provide additional information on the pathology of the amyloid deposits in the ocular tissues studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sukusu Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Toftgaard Poulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gordon K Klintworth
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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45
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Miyoshi N, Iuliano L, Tomono S, Ohshima H. Implications of cholesterol autoxidation products in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:702-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Protein folding and misfolding in the neurodegenerative disorders: a review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014; 170:151-61. [PMID: 24613386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is an intrinsic aspect of normal folding within the complex cellular environment. Its effects are minimized in living system by the action of a range of protective mechanisms including molecular chaperones and quality control systems. According to the current growing research, protein misfolding is a recognized key feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. Extensive biochemical, neuropathological, and genetic evidence suggest that the cerebral accumulation of amyloid fibrils is the central event in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In the first part of this review we have discussed the general course of action of folding and misfolding of the proteins. Later part of this review gives an outline regarding the role of protein misfolding in the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson along with their treatment possibilities. Finally, we have mentioned about the recent findings in neurodegenerative diseases.
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47
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Cerkovnik J, Plesničar B. Recent advances in the chemistry of hydrogen trioxide (HOOOH). Chem Rev 2013; 113:7930-51. [PMID: 23808683 DOI: 10.1021/cr300512s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janez Cerkovnik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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48
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Zhang Y, Shi W, Li X, Ma H. Sensitive detection of ozone by a practical resorufin-based spectroscopic probe with extremely low background signal. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2830. [PMID: 24088783 PMCID: PMC3789151 DOI: 10.1038/srep02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) has attracted much attention because of its key role in human health and disease, and its detection is of great importance for various biochemical studies as well as environmental evaluation. Here we develop a simple and practical spectroscopic off-on O3 probe based on resorufin and the specific reaction of but-3-enyl with O3. The probe shows an extremely low background spectroscopic signal, but reacts with O3 producing a distinct color and fluorescence change. The detection limit of the probe for O3 is 5.9 nM, which corresponds to an ozone concentration of 0.056 mg m−3 in air in this study and is lower than the international ambient air quality standard of 0.1 mg m−3. More importantly, the proposed probe is worth popularizing, and its applicability has been successfully demonstrated on both the determination of O3 in real ambient air samples and the imaging of O3 in biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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49
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Windsor K, Genaro-Mattos TC, Kim HYH, Liu W, Tallman KA, Miyamoto S, Korade Z, Porter NA. Probing lipid-protein adduction with alkynyl surrogates: application to Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2842-50. [PMID: 23828810 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid modifications aid in regulating (and misregulating) protein function and localization. However, efficient methods to screen for a lipid's ability to modify proteins are not readily available. We present a strategy to identify protein-reactive lipids and apply it to a neurodevelopmental disorder, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). Alkynyl surrogates were synthesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), and a 7-DHC-derived oxysterol. To probe for protein-reactive lipids, we used click chemistry to biotinylate the alkynyl tag and detected the lipid-adducted proteins with streptavidin Western blotting. In Neuro2a cells, the trend in amount of protein adduction followed known rates of lipid peroxidation (7-DHC >> arachidonic acid > linoleic acid >> cholesterol), with alkynyl-7-DHC producing the most adduction among alkynyl lipids. 7-DHC reductase-deficient cells, which cannot properly metabolize 7-DHC, exhibited significantly more alkynyl-7-DHC-protein adduction than control cells. Model studies demonstrated that a 7-DHC peroxidation product covalently modifies proteins. We hypothesize that 7-DHC generates electrophiles that can modify the proteome, contributing to SLOS's complex pathology. These probes and methods would allow for analysis of lipid-modified proteomes in SLOS and other disorders exhibiting 7-DHC accumulation. More broadly, the alkynyl lipid library would facilitate exploration of lipid peroxidation's role in specific biological processes in numerous diseases.
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50
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Miyoshi N, Iwasaki N, Tomono S, Higashi T, Ohshima H. Occurrence of cytotoxic 9-oxononanoyl secosterol aldehydes in human low-density lipoprotein. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:73-9. [PMID: 23395781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The reaction products of three major cholesteryl esters, cholesteryl palmitate (C16:0-CE), cholesteryl oleate (C18:1-CE), and cholesteryl linoleate (C18:2-CE), present in human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) treated with ozone were isolated and characterized. In vitro ozonization of C16:0-CE was found to form the palmitoyl ester of secosterol-A (3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al) and its aldolization product secosterol-B (3β-hydroxy-5β-hydroxy-B-norcholestane-6β-carboxaldehyde). On the other hand, when C18:1-CE and C18:2-CE were oxidized by ozone, the aldehyde 9-oxononanoyl cholesterol (9-ONC) was formed as a primary product, which was then further oxidized to form 9-oxononanoyl secosterol-A (9-ON-secoA) and 9-oxononanoyl secosterol-B (9-ON-secoB). The compounds 9-ON-secoA and -B, but not 9-ONC, were found to exhibit strong cytotoxicity against human leukemia HL-60 cells. An LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for the detection of these cholesteryl ester ozonolysis products by derivatizing them with dansyl hydrazine. Using this method, we found for the first time that low concentrations of 9-ON-secoA and -B, but not palmitoyl secosterols, were present in human LDL. These novel oxidized cholesterol esters, 9-ON-secoA and -B, probably play important roles in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Program in Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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