1
|
Ahmed T. Lipid nanoparticle mediated small interfering RNA delivery as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2915-2954. [PMID: 38622050 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that exhibits a gradual decline in cognitive function and is prevalent among a significant number of individuals globally. The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules in RNA interference (RNAi) presents a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been developed as a delivery vehicle for siRNA, which can selectively suppress target genes, by enhancing cellular uptake and safeguarding siRNA from degradation. Numerous research studies have exhibited the effectiveness of LNP-mediated siRNA delivery in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and enhancing cognitive function in animal models of AD. The feasibility of employing LNP-mediated siRNA delivery as a therapeutic approach for AD is emphasized by the encouraging outcomes reported in clinical studies for other medical conditions. The use of LNP-mediated siRNA delivery has emerged as a promising strategy to slow down or even reverse the progression of AD by targeting the synthesis of tau phosphorylation and other genes linked to the condition. Improvement of the delivery mechanism and determination of the most suitable siRNA targets are crucial for the efficacious management of AD. This review focuses on the delivery of siRNA through LNPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD, based on the available literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scalabrino G. Newly Identified Deficiencies in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System and Their Impact on the Remyelination Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040815. [PMID: 35453565 PMCID: PMC9026986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains enigmatic and controversial. Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) insulate axons and allow saltatory nerve conduction. MS brings about the destruction of myelin sheaths and the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (ODCs). The conundrum of remyelination failure is, therefore, crucial in MS. In this review, the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF), normal prions, and cobalamin in CNS myelinogenesis are briefly summarized. Thereafter, some findings of other authors and ourselves on MS and MS-like models are recapitulated, because they have shown that: (a) EGF is significantly decreased in the CNS of living or deceased MS patients; (b) its repeated administration to mice in various MS-models prevents demyelination and inflammatory reaction; (c) as was the case for EGF, normal prion levels are decreased in the MS CNS, with a strong correspondence between liquid and tissue levels; and (d) MS cobalamin levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid, but decreased in the spinal cord. In fact, no remyelination can occur in MS if these molecules (essential for any form of CNS myelination) are lacking. Lastly, other non-immunological MS abnormalities are reviewed. Together, these results have led to a critical reassessment of MS pathogenesis, partly because EGF has little or no role in immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pérez-Soriano A, Bravo P, Soto M, Infante J, Fernández M, Valldeoriola F, Muñoz E, Compta Y, Tolosa E, Garrido A, Ezquerra M, Fernández-Santiago R, Martí MJ. MicroRNA Deregulation in Blood Serum Identifies Multiple System Atrophy Altered Pathways. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1873-1879. [PMID: 32687224 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES MicroRNA (miRNA) changes are observed in PD but remain poorly explored in other α-synucleinopathies such as MSA. METHODS By genome-wide analysis we profiled microRNA expression in serum from 20 MSA cases compared to 40 controls. By qPCR we validated top differentially expressed microRNAs in another sample of 20 MSA and 20 controls. We also assessed the expression of MSA differentially expressed microRNAs in two consecutive sets of 19 and 18 PD patients. RESULTS In the discovery set we identified 25 differentially expressed microRNAs associated with MSA, which are related to prion disease, fatty acid metabolism, and Notch signaling. Among these, we selected nine differentially expressed microRNAs and by qPCR confirmed array findings in a second MSA sample. MicroRNA-7641 and microRNA-191 consistently differentiated between MSA and PD. CONCLUSIONS Serum microRNA changes occur in MSA and may reflect disease-associated mechanisms. We identified two microRNAs which may differentiate MSA from PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pérez-Soriano
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, ERN-RND, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Bravo
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Soto
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Infante
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Manel Fernández
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Parkison's disease and Movement Disorders group of the Institut de Neurociènices (Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Valldeoriola
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, ERN-RND, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Muñoz
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, ERN-RND, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, ERN-RND, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Tolosa
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, ERN-RND, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Garrido
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, ERN-RND, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Martí
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, ERN-RND, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salazar JL, Yang SA, Yamamoto S. Post-Developmental Roles of Notch Signaling in the Nervous System. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070985. [PMID: 32630239 PMCID: PMC7408554 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in Drosophila, the Notch signaling pathway has been studied in numerous developmental contexts in diverse multicellular organisms. The role of Notch signaling in nervous system development has been extensively investigated by numerous scientists, partially because many of the core Notch signaling components were initially identified through their dramatic ‘neurogenic’ phenotype of developing fruit fly embryos. Components of the Notch signaling pathway continue to be expressed in mature neurons and glia cells, which is suggestive of a role in the post-developmental nervous system. The Notch pathway has been, so far, implicated in learning and memory, social behavior, addiction, and other complex behaviors using genetic model organisms including Drosophila and mice. Additionally, Notch signaling has been shown to play a modulatory role in several neurodegenerative disease model animals and in mediating neural toxicity of several environmental factors. In this paper, we summarize the knowledge pertaining to the post-developmental roles of Notch signaling in the nervous system with a focus on discoveries made using the fruit fly as a model system as well as relevant studies in C elegans, mouse, rat, and cellular models. Since components of this pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders in human, understanding the role of Notch signaling in the mature brain using model organisms will likely provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Salazar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.L.S.); (S.-A.Y.)
| | - Sheng-An Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.L.S.); (S.-A.Y.)
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.L.S.); (S.-A.Y.)
- Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-832-824-8119
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Complex diseases involve dynamic perturbations of pathophysiological processes during disease progression. Transcriptional programs underlying such perturbations are unknown in many diseases. Here, we present core transcriptional regulatory circuits underlying early and late perturbations in prion disease. We first identified cellular processes perturbed early and late using time-course gene expression data from three prion-infected mouse strains. We then built a transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) describing regulation of early and late processes. We found over-represented feed-forward loops (FFLs) comprising transcription factor (TF) pairs and target genes in the TRN. Using gene expression data of brain cell types, we further selected active FFLs where TF pairs and target genes were expressed in the same cell type and showed correlated temporal expression changes in the brain. We finally determined core transcriptional regulatory circuits by combining these active FFLs. These circuits provide insights into transcriptional programs for early and late pathophysiological processes in prion disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ho DM, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Louvi A. The Notch pathway in CNS homeostasis and neurodegeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e358. [PMID: 31502763 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of the Notch signaling pathway in neural development has been well established over many years. More recent studies, however, have demonstrated that Notch continues to be expressed and active throughout adulthood in many areas of the central nervous system. Notch signals have been implicated in adult neurogenesis, memory formation, and synaptic plasticity in the adult organism, as well as linked to acute brain trauma and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. NOTCH3 mutations are responsible for the most common form of hereditary stroke, the progressive disorder cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Notch has also been associated with several progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although numerous studies link Notch activity with CNS homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases, the data thus far are primarily correlative, rather than functional. Nevertheless, the evidence for Notch pathway activity in specific neural cellular contexts is strong, and certainly intriguing, and points to the possibility that the pathway carries therapeutic promise. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Flies Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Ho
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Angeliki Louvi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience and Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gómez-Pinedo U, Galán L, Matías-Guiu JA, Pytel V, Moreno T, Guerrero-Sola A, Matías-Guiu J. Notch Signalling in the Hippocampus of Patients With Motor Neuron Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:302. [PMID: 31024234 PMCID: PMC6460507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Notch signalling pathway regulates neuronal survival. It has some similarities with the APP signalling pathway, and competes with the latter for α- and γ-secretase proteolytic complexes. The objective of this study was to study the Notch signalling pathway in the hippocampi of patients with motor neuron disease. Methods We studied biological material from the autopsies of 12 patients with motor neuron disease and 4 controls. We analysed the molecular markers of the Notch and APP signalling pathways, TDP43, tau, and markers of neurogenesis. Results and Conclusion Low NICD expression suggests Notch signalling pathway inactivation in neurons. Inactivation of the pathway despite increased Notch1 expression is associated with a lack of α-secretase expression. We observed increased β-secretase expression associated with activation of the amyloid cascade of APP, leading to increases in amyloid-β and AICD peptides and decreased levels of Fe65. Inactivation of the Notch signalling pathway is an important factor in decreased neurogenic response in the hippocampi of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Galán
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Pytel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Sola
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nonneman A, Criem N, Lewandowski SA, Nuyts R, Thal DR, Pfrieger FW, Ravits J, Van Damme P, Zwijsen A, Van Den Bosch L, Robberecht W. Astrocyte-derived Jagged-1 mitigates deleterious Notch signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 119:26-40. [PMID: 30010003 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset devastating degenerative disease mainly affecting motor neurons. Motor neuron degeneration is accompanied and aggravated by oligodendroglial pathology and the presence of reactive astrocytes and microglia. We studied the role of the Notch signaling pathway in ALS, as it is implicated in several processes that may contribute to this disease, including axonal retraction, microgliosis, astrocytosis, oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and differentiation, and cell death. We observed abnormal activation of the Notch signaling pathway in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice, a well-established model for ALS, as well as in the spinal cord of patients with sporadic ALS (sALS). This increased activation was particularly evident in reactive GFAP-positive astrocytes. In addition, one of the main Notch ligands, Jagged-1, was ectopically expressed in reactive astrocytes in spinal cord from ALS mice and patients, but absent in resting astrocytes. Astrocyte-specific inactivation of Jagged-1 in presymptomatic SOD1G93A mice further exacerbated the activation of the Notch signaling pathway and aggravated the course of the disease in these animals without affecting disease onset. These data suggest that aberrant Notch signaling activation contributes to the pathogenesis of ALS, both in sALS patients and SOD1G93A mice, and that it is mitigated in part by the upregulation of astrocytic Jagged-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Nonneman
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan Criem
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian A Lewandowski
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rik Nuyts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neuropathology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank W Pfrieger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - John Ravits
- University of California, Department of Neurosciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0624, USA
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hirsch TZ, Martin-Lannerée S, Reine F, Hernandez-Rapp J, Herzog L, Dron M, Privat N, Passet B, Halliez S, Villa-Diaz A, Lacroux C, Klein V, Haïk S, Andréoletti O, Torres JM, Vilotte JL, Béringue V, Mouillet-Richard S. Epigenetic Control of the Notch and Eph Signaling Pathways by the Prion Protein: Implications for Prion Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2159-2173. [PMID: 29998397 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among the ever-growing number of self-replicating proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases, the prion protein PrP remains the most infamous for its central role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). In these diseases, pathogenic prions propagate through a seeding mechanism, where normal PrPC molecules are converted into abnormally folded scrapie isoforms termed PrPSc. Since its discovery over 30 years ago, much advance has contributed to define the host-encoded cellular prion protein PrPC as a critical relay of prion-induced neuronal cell demise. A current consensual view is that the conversion of PrPC into PrPSc in neuronal cells diverts the former from its normal function with subsequent molecular alterations affecting synaptic plasticity. Here, we report that prion infection is associated with reduced expression of key effectors of the Notch pathway in vitro and in vivo, recapitulating changes fostered by the absence of PrPC. We further show that both prion infection and PrPC depletion promote drastic alterations in the expression of a defined set of Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands, which represent important players in synaptic function. Our data indicate that defects in the Notch and Eph axes can be mitigated in response to histone deacetylase inhibition in PrPC-depleted as well as prion-infected cells. We thus conclude that infectious prions cause a loss-of-function phenotype with respect to Notch and Eph signaling and that these alterations are sustained by epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Théo Z Hirsch
- INSERM UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
- INSERM U1162, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Martin-Lannerée
- INSERM UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Reine
- INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, UR 892 Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julia Hernandez-Rapp
- INSERM UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, G1V4G2, Québec, Canada
| | - Laetitia Herzog
- INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, UR 892 Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Dron
- INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, UR 892 Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Privat
- INSERM UMR 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- INRA UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Halliez
- INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, UR 892 Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- INSERM, UMR-S1172, Lille University, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Ana Villa-Diaz
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal-INIA, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Victor Klein
- INSERM UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- INSERM UMR 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Juan-Maria Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal-INIA, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- INRA UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- INSERM UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 1124, 75006, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
DeArmond SJ. Autobiography Series: From Sleep-Wake Mechanisms to Prion Diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:631-642. [PMID: 28863454 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Wang Y, Yu S, Huang D, Cui M, Hu H, Zhang L, Wang W, Parameswaran N, Jackson M, Osborne B, Bedogni B, Li C, Sy MS, Xin W, Zhou L. Cellular Prion Protein Mediates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival and Invasion through Association with and Enhanced Signaling of Notch1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27639164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.010]available] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of human prion protein (PrP) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of PrP-mediated tumorigenesis is not completely understood. In this study, we found that PDAC cell lines can be divided into either PrP high expresser or PrP low expresser. In addition to filamin A (FLNA), PrP interacts with Notch1, forming a PrP/FLNA/Notch1 complex. Silencing PrP in high-expresser cells decreases Notch1 expression and Notch1 signaling. These cells exhibited decreased proliferation, xenograft growth, and tumor invasion but show increased tumor apoptosis. These phenotypes were rescued by ectopically expressed and activated Notch1. By contrast, overexpression of PrP in low expressers increases Notch1 expression and signaling, enhances proliferation, and increases tumor invasion and xenograft growth that can be blocked by a Notch inhibitor. Our data further suggest that PrP increases Notch1 stability likely through suppression of Notch proteosome degradation. Additionally, we found that targeting PrP combined with anti-Notch is much more effective than singularly targeted therapy in retarding PDAC growth. Finally, we show that coexpression of PrP and Notch1 confers an even poorer prognosis than PrP expression alone. Taken together, our results have unraveled a novel molecular pathway driven by interactions between PrP and Notch1 in the progression of PDAC, supporting a critical tumor-promoting role of Notch1 in PrP-expressing PDAC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Huankai Hu
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Mark Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Barbara Osborne
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Molecular Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Yu S, Huang D, Cui M, Hu H, Zhang L, Wang W, Parameswaran N, Jackson M, Osborne B, Bedogni B, Li C, Sy MS, Xin W, Zhou L. Cellular Prion Protein Mediates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival and Invasion through Association with and Enhanced Signaling of Notch1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2945-2956. [PMID: 27639164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of human prion protein (PrP) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of PrP-mediated tumorigenesis is not completely understood. In this study, we found that PDAC cell lines can be divided into either PrP high expresser or PrP low expresser. In addition to filamin A (FLNA), PrP interacts with Notch1, forming a PrP/FLNA/Notch1 complex. Silencing PrP in high-expresser cells decreases Notch1 expression and Notch1 signaling. These cells exhibited decreased proliferation, xenograft growth, and tumor invasion but show increased tumor apoptosis. These phenotypes were rescued by ectopically expressed and activated Notch1. By contrast, overexpression of PrP in low expressers increases Notch1 expression and signaling, enhances proliferation, and increases tumor invasion and xenograft growth that can be blocked by a Notch inhibitor. Our data further suggest that PrP increases Notch1 stability likely through suppression of Notch proteosome degradation. Additionally, we found that targeting PrP combined with anti-Notch is much more effective than singularly targeted therapy in retarding PDAC growth. Finally, we show that coexpression of PrP and Notch1 confers an even poorer prognosis than PrP expression alone. Taken together, our results have unraveled a novel molecular pathway driven by interactions between PrP and Notch1 in the progression of PDAC, supporting a critical tumor-promoting role of Notch1 in PrP-expressing PDAC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Huankai Hu
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Mark Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Barbara Osborne
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Molecular Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee SM, Chung M, Hyeon JW, Jeong SW, Ju YR, Kim H, Lee J, Kim S, An SSA, Cho SB, Lee YS, Kim SY. Genomic Characteristics of Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Patients with V180I Mutation and Associations with Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157540. [PMID: 27341347 PMCID: PMC4920420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited prion diseases (IPDs), including genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD), account for 10–15% of cases of prion diseases and are associated with several pathogenic mutations, including P102L, V180I, and E200K, in the prion protein gene (PRNP). The valine to isoleucine substitution at codon 180 (V180I) of PRNP is the most common pathogenic mutation causing gCJD in East Asian patients. In this study, we conducted follow-up analyses to identify candidate factors and their associations with disease onset. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of five gCJD patients with V180I mutation and 145 healthy individuals were used to identify genomic differences. A total of 18,648,850 candidate variants were observed in only the patient group, 29 of them were validated as variants. Four of these validated variants were nonsense mutations, six were observed in genes directly or indirectly related to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as LPA, LRRK2, and FGF20. More than half of validated variants were categorized in Gene Ontology (GO) terms of binding and/or catalytic activity. Moreover, we found differential genome variants in gCJD patients with V180I mutation, including one uniquely surviving 10 years after diagnosis of the disease. Elucidation of the relationships between gCJD and Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease at the genomic level will facilitate further advances in our understanding of the specific mechanisms mediating the pathogenesis of NDs and gold standard therapies for NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sol Moe Lee
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology & Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myungguen Chung
- Division of Bio-Medical Informatics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Hyeon
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology & Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Seok Won Jeong
- Division of Bio-Medical Informatics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Young Ran Ju
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology & Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology & Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Beom Cho
- Division of Bio-Medical Informatics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Yeong Seon Lee
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology & Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology & Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
CRMPs: critical molecules for neurite morphogenesis and neuropsychiatric diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1037-45. [PMID: 26077693 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal polarity and spatial rearrangement of neuronal processes are central to the development of all mature nervous systems. Recent studies have highlighted the dynamic expression of Collapsin-Response-Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) in neuronal dendritic/axonal compartments, described their interaction with cytoskeleton proteins, identified their ability to activate L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and delineated their crucial role as signaling molecules essential for neuron differentiation and neural network development and maintenance. In addition, evidence obtained from genome-wide/genetic linkage/proteomic/translational approaches revealed that CRMP expression is altered in human pathologies including mental (schizophrenia and mood disorders) and neurological (Alzheimer's, prion encephalopathy, epilepsy and others) disorders. Changes in CRMPs levels have been observed after psychotropic treatments, and disrupting CRMP2 binding to calcium channels blocked neuropathic pain. These observations, altogether with those obtained from genetically modified mice targeting individual CRMPs and RNA interference approaches, pave the way for considering CRMPs as potential early disease markers and modulation of their activity as therapeutic strategy for disorders associated with neurite abnormalities.
Collapse
|
16
|
Soto C, Satani N. The intricate mechanisms of neurodegeneration in prion diseases. Trends Mol Med 2015; 17:14-24. [PMID: 20889378 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of infectious neurodegenerative diseases with an entirely novel mechanism of transmission, involving a protein-only infectious agent that propagates the disease by transmitting protein conformational changes. The disease results from extensive and progressive brain degeneration. The molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration are not entirely known but involve multiple processes operating simultaneously and synergistically in the brain, including spongiform degeneration, synaptic alterations, brain inflammation, neuronal death and the accumulation of protein aggregates. Here, we review the pathways implicated in prion-induced brain damage and put the pieces together into a possible model of neurodegeneration in prion disorders. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of brain degeneration is essential to develop a much needed therapy for these devastating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's disease and related Brain disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pei H, Song X, Peng C, Tan Y, Li Y, Li X, Ma S, Wang Q, Huang R, Yang D, Li D, Gao E, Yang Y. TNF-α inhibitor protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via Notch1-mediated suppression of oxidative/nitrative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 82:114-21. [PMID: 25680284 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α inhibitor reportedly protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. It can also increase Notch1 expression in inflammatory bowel disease, revealing the regulation of Notch1 signaling by TNF-α inhibitor. However, the interaction between TNF-α inhibitor and Notch1 signaling in MI/R remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the involvement of TNF-α inhibitor with Notch1 in MI/R and delineate the related mechanism. Notch1-specific small interfering RNA (20 μg) or Jagged1 (a Notch ligand, 12 μg) was delivered through intramyocardial injection. Forty-eight hours after injection, mice received 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 3 h (for cell apoptosis and oxidative/nitrative stress) or 24h (for infarct size and cardiac function) of reperfusion. Ten minutes before reperfusion, mice randomly received an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle, etanercept, diphenyleneiodonium, 1400W, or EUK134. Finally, downregulation of Notch1 significantly reversed the alleviation of MI/R injury induced by etanercept, as evidenced by enlarged myocardial infarct size, suppressed cardiac function, and increased myocardial apoptosis. Moreover, Notch1 blockade increased the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and gp(91)(phox), enhanced NO and superoxide production, and accelerated their cytotoxic reaction product, peroxynitrite. Furthermore, NADPH inhibition with diphenyleneiodonium or iNOS suppression with 1400W mitigated the aggravation of MI/R injury induced by Notch1 downregulation in mice treated with etanercept. Additionally, either Notch1 activation with Jagged1 or peroxynitrite decomposition with EUK134 reduced nitrotyrosine content and attenuated MI/R injury. These data indicate that MI/R injury can be attenuated by TNF-α inhibitor, partly via Notch1 signaling-mediated suppression of oxidative/nitrative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Chengfei Peng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology and K.K. Leung Brain Research Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an 710032, China
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Dachun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - De Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Subcellular distribution of the prion protein in sickness and in health. Virus Res 2015; 207:136-45. [PMID: 25683509 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is an ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein that is most abundant in the central nervous system. It is thought to play a role in many cellular processes, including neuroprotection, but may also contribute to Alzheimer's disease and some cancers. However, it is best known for its central role in the prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and scrapie. These protein misfolding diseases can be sporadic, acquired, or genetic and are caused by refolding of endogenous PrP(C) into a beta sheet-rich, pathogenic form, PrP(Sc). Once prions are present in the central nervous system, they increase and spread during a long incubation period that is followed by a relatively short clinical disease phase, ending in death. PrP molecules can be broadly categorized as either 'good' (cellular) PrP(C) or 'bad' (scrapie prion-type) PrP(Sc), but both populations are heterogeneous and different forms of PrP(C) may influence various cellular activities. Both PrP(C) and PrP(Sc) are localized predominantly at the cell surface, with the C-terminus attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and both can exist in cleaved forms. PrP(C) also has cytosolic and transmembrane forms, and PrP(Sc) is known to exist in a variety of conformations and aggregation states. Here, we discuss the roles of different PrP isoforms in sickness and in health, and show the subcellular distributions of several forms of PrP that are particularly relevant for PrP(C) to PrP(Sc) conversion and prion-induced pathology in the hippocampus.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Notch signaling is a master controller of the neural stem cell and neural development maintaining a significant role in the normal brain function. Notch genes are involved in embryogenesis, nervous system, and cardiovascular and endocrine function. On the other side, there are studies representing the involvement of Notch mutations in sporadic Alzheimer disease, other neurodegenerative diseases such as Down syndrome, Pick's and Prion's disease, and CADASIL. This manuscript attempts to present a holistic view of the positive or negative contribution of Notch signaling in the adult brain, and at the same time to present and promote the promising research fields of study.
Collapse
|
20
|
Scalabrino G, Veber D, Tredici G. Relationships between cobalamin, epidermal growth factor, and normal prions in the myelin maintenance of central nervous system. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:232-41. [PMID: 25239885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalamin (Cbl), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and prions (PrPs) are key molecules for myelin maintenance in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Cbl and EGF increase normal prion (PrP(C)) synthesis and PrP(C) levels in rat spinal cord (SC) and elsewhere. Cbl deficiency increases PrP(C) levels in rat SC and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and decreases PrP(C)-mRNA levels in rat SC. The administration of anti-octapeptide repeat PrP(C) region antibodies (Abs) to Cbl-deficient (Cbl-D) rats prevents SC myelin lesions and a local increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, whereas anti-TNF-α Abs prevent SC myelin lesions and the increase in SC and CSF PrP(C) levels. As it is known that both Cbl and EGF regulate SC PrP(C) synthesis independently, and that Cbl regulates SC EGF synthesis, EGF may play both Cbl-independent and Cbl-dependent roles. When Cbl-D rats undergo Cbl replacement therapy, SC PrP(C) levels are similar to those observed in Cbl-D rats. In rat frontal cortex (which is marginally affected by Cbl deficiency in histological terms), Cbl deficiency decreases PrP(C) levels and the increase induced by Cbl replacement leads to their normalization. Increased nerve PrP(C) levels are detected in the myelin lesions of the peripheral neuropathy of Cbl-D rats, and CSF PrP(C) levels are also increased in Cbl-D patients (but not in patients with Cbl-unrelated neurological diseases). Various common steps in the downstream signaling pathway of Cbl, EGF, and PrP(C) underlines the close relationship between the three molecules in keeping myelin normal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neuropathology, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Daniela Veber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neuropathology, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tredici
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20052 Monza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahn M, Bajsarowicz K, Oehler A, Lemus A, Bankiewicz K, DeArmond SJ. Convection-enhanced delivery of AAV2-PrPshRNA in prion-infected mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98496. [PMID: 24866748 PMCID: PMC4035323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion disease is caused by a single pathogenic protein (PrPSc), an abnormal conformer of the normal cellular prion protein PrPC. Depletion of PrPC in prion knockout mice makes them resistant to prion disease. Thus, gene silencing of the Prnp gene is a promising effective therapeutic approach. Here, we examined adeno-associated virus vector type 2 encoding a short hairpin RNA targeting Prnp mRNA (AAV2-PrP-shRNA) to suppress PrPC expression both in vitro and in vivo. AAV2-PrP-shRNA treatment suppressed PrP levels and prevented dendritic degeneration in RML-infected brain aggregate cultures. Infusion of AAV2-PrP-shRNA-eGFP into the thalamus of CD-1 mice showed that eGFP was transported to the cerebral cortex via anterograde transport and the overall PrPC levels were reduced by ∼70% within 4 weeks. For therapeutic purposes, we treated RML-infected CD-1 mice with AAV2-PrP-shRNA beginning at 50 days post inoculation. Although AAV2-PrP-shRNA focally suppressed PrPSc formation in the thalamic infusion site by ∼75%, it did not suppress PrPSc formation efficiently in other regions of the brain. Survival of mice was not extended compared to the untreated controls. Global suppression of PrPC in the brain is required for successful therapy of prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misol Ahn
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Krystyna Bajsarowicz
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Abby Oehler
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Azucena Lemus
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Krystof Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. DeArmond
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kovacs GG, Adle-Biassette H, Milenkovic I, Cipriani S, van Scheppingen J, Aronica E. Linking pathways in the developing and aging brain with neurodegeneration. Neuroscience 2014; 269:152-72. [PMID: 24699227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms, which coordinate the critical stages of brain development to reach a normal structural organization with appropriate networks, are progressively being elucidated. Experimental and clinical studies provide evidence of the occurrence of developmental alterations induced by genetic or environmental factors leading to the formation of aberrant networks associated with learning disabilities. Moreover, evidence is accumulating that suggests that also late-onset neurological disorders, even Alzheimer's disease, might be considered disorders of aberrant neural development with pathological changes that are set up at early stages of development before the appearance of the symptoms. Thus, evaluating proteins and pathways that are important in age-related neurodegeneration in the developing brain together with the characterization of mechanisms important during brain development with relevance to brain aging are of crucial importance. In the present review we focus on (1) aspects of neurogenesis with relevance to aging; (2) neurodegenerative disease (NDD)-associated proteins/pathways in the developing brain; and (3) further pathways of the developing or neurodegenerating brains that show commonalities. Elucidation of complex pathogenetic routes characterizing the earliest stage of the detrimental processes that result in pathological aging represents an essential first step toward a therapeutic intervention which is able to reverse these pathological processes and prevent the onset of the disease. Based on the shared features between pathways, we conclude that prevention of NDDs of the elderly might begin during the fetal and childhood life by providing the mothers and their children a healthy environment for the fetal and childhood development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - H Adle-Biassette
- Inserm U1141, F-75019 Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 676, F-75019 Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - I Milenkovic
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - J van Scheppingen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; SEIN - Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pei H, Yu Q, Xue Q, Guo Y, Sun L, Hong Z, Han H, Gao E, Qu Y, Tao L. Notch1 cardioprotection in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion involves reduction of oxidative/nitrative stress. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:373. [PMID: 23989801 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrative stress plays an important role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Notch1 participates in the regulation of cardiogenesis and cardiac response to hypertrophic stress, but the function of Notch1 signaling in MI/R has not been explored. This study aims to determine the role of Notch1 in MI/R, and investigate whether Notch1 confers cardioprotection. Notch1 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA, 20 μg) or Jagged1 (a Notch ligand, 12 μg) was delivered through intramyocardial injection. 48 h after injection, mice were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 3 h (for cell apoptosis and oxidative/nitrative stress), 24 h (for infarct size and cardiac function), or 2 weeks (for cardiac fibrosis and function) of reperfusion. Cardiac-specific Notch1 knockdown resulted in significantly aggravated I/R injury, as evidenced by enlarged infarct size, depressed cardiac function, increased myocardial apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Downregulation of Notch1 increased expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and gp(91phox), enhanced the production of NO metabolites and superoxide, as well as their cytotoxic reaction product peroxynitrite. Moreover, Notch1 blockade also reduced phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and Akt, and increased expression of PTEN, a key phosphatase involved in the regulation of Akt phosphorylation. In addition, activation of Notch1 by Jagged1 or administration of peroxynitrite scavenger reduced production of peroxynitrite and attenuated MI/R injury. These data indicate that Notch1 signaling protects against MI/R injury partly though PTEN/Akt mediated anti-oxidative and anti-nitrative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tremmel DM, Resad S, Little CJ, Wesley CS. Notch and PKC are involved in formation of the lateral region of the dorso-ventral axis in Drosophila embryos. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67789. [PMID: 23861806 PMCID: PMC3701627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved cell surface receptor that generates regulatory signals based on interactions between neighboring cells. In Drosophila embryos it is normally expressed at a low level due to strong negative regulation. When this negative regulation is abrogated neurogenesis in the ventral region is suppressed, the development of lateral epidermis is severely disrupted, and the dorsal aminoserosa is expanded. Of these phenotypes only the anti-neurogenic phenotype could be linked to excess canonical Notch signaling. The other phenotypes were linked to high levels of Notch protein expression at the surface of cells in the lateral regions indicating that a non-canonical Notch signaling activity normally functions in these regions. Results of our studies reported here provide evidence. They show that Notch activities are inextricably linked to that of Pkc98E, the homolog of mammalian PKCδ. Notch and Pkc98E up-regulate the levels of the phosphorylated form of IκBCactus, a negative regulator of Toll signaling, and Mothers against dpp (MAD), an effector of Dpp signaling. Our data suggest that in the lateral regions of the Drosophila embryos Notch activity, in conjunction with Pkc98E activity, is used to form the slopes of the opposing gradients of Toll and Dpp signaling that specify cell fates along the dorso-ventral axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Tremmel
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sedat Resad
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Little
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cedric S. Wesley
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alberi L, Hoey SE, Brai E, Scotti AL, Marathe S. Notch signaling in the brain: in good and bad times. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:801-14. [PMID: 23570941 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for neuronal development and specification. In the last decade, increasing evidence has pointed out an important role of this pathway beyond embryonic development, indicating that Notch also displays a critical function in the mature brain of vertebrates and invertebrates. This pathway appears to be involved in neural progenitor regulation, neuronal connectivity, synaptic plasticity and learning/memory. In addition, Notch appears to be aberrantly regulated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and ischemic injury. The molecular mechanisms by which Notch displays these functions in the mature brain are not fully understood, but are currently the subject of intense research. In this review, we will discuss old and novel Notch targets and molecular mediators that contribute to Notch function in the mature brain and will summarize recent findings that explore the two facets of Notch signaling in brain physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Alberi
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhan L, Hanson KA, Kim SH, Tare A, Tibbetts RS. Identification of genetic modifiers of TDP-43 neurotoxicity in Drosophila. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57214. [PMID: 23468938 PMCID: PMC3584124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic aggregation of the nuclear RNA-binding protein TDP-43 is a histopathologic signature of degenerating neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and mutations in the TARDBP gene encoding TDP-43 cause dominantly inherited forms of this condition. To understand the relationship between TDP-43 misregulation and neurotoxicity, we and others have used Drosophila as a model system, in which overexpression of either wild-type TDP-43 or its ALS-associated mutants in neurons is sufficient to induce neurotoxicity, paralysis, and early death. Using microarrays, we have examined gene expression patterns that accompany TDP-43-induced neurotoxicity in the fly system. Constitutive expression of TDP-43 in the Drosophila compound eye elicited widespread gene expression changes, with strong upregulation of cell cycle regulatory genes and genes functioning in the Notch intercellular communication pathway. Inducible expression of TDP-43 specifically in neurons elicited significant expression differences in a more restricted set of genes. Genes that were upregulated in both paradigms included SpindleB and the Notch target Hey, which appeared to be a direct TDP-43 target. Mutations that diminished activity of Notch or disrupted the function of downstream Notch target genes extended the lifespan of TDP-43 transgenic flies, suggesting that Notch activation was deleterious in this model. Finally, we showed that mutation of the nucleoporin Nup50 increased the lifespan of TDP-43 transgenic flies, suggesting that nuclear events contribute to TDP-43-dependent neurotoxicity. The combined findings identified pathways whose deregulation might contribute to TDP-43-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhan
- Department of Human Oncology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Keith A. Hanson
- Department of Human Oncology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sang Hwa Kim
- Department of Human Oncology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Apeksha Tare
- Department of Human Oncology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Randal S. Tibbetts
- Department of Human Oncology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Silvius D, Pitstick R, Ahn M, Meishery D, Oehler A, Barsh GS, DeArmond SJ, Carlson GA, Gunn TM. Levels of the Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 E3 ubiquitin ligase do not influence prion disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55575. [PMID: 23383230 PMCID: PMC3559536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are rare but invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders. They are associated with spongiform encephalopathy, a histopathology characterized by the presence of large, membrane-bound vacuolar structures in the neuropil of the brain. While the primary cause is recognized as conversion of the normal form of prion protein (PrPC) to a conformationally distinct, pathogenic form (PrPSc), the cellular pathways and mechanisms that lead to spongiform change, neuronal dysfunction and death are not known. Mice lacking the Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 (MGRN1) E3 ubiquitin ligase develop spongiform encephalopathy by 9 months of age but do not become ill. In cell culture, PrP aberrantly present in the cytosol was reported to interact with and sequester MGRN1. This caused endo-lysosomal trafficking defects similar to those observed when Mgrn1 expression is knocked down, implicating disrupted MGRN1-dependent trafficking in the pathogenesis of prion disease. As these defects were rescued by over-expression of MGRN1, we investigated whether reduced or elevated Mgrn1 expression influences the onset, progression or pathology of disease in mice inoculated with PrPSc. No differences were observed, indicating that disruption of MGRN1-dependent pathways does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Silvius
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
| | - Rose Pitstick
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
| | - Misol Ahn
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Delisha Meishery
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
| | - Abby Oehler
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Barsh
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. DeArmond
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - George A. Carlson
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
| | - Teresa M. Gunn
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Reading SAJ, Oishi K, Redgrave GW, McEntee J, Shanahan M, Yoritomo N, Younes L, Mori S, Miller MI, van Zijl P, Margolis RL, Ross CA. Diffuse abnormality of low to moderately organized white matter in schizophrenia. Brain Connect 2013; 1:511-9. [PMID: 22500774 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2011.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal white matter is central to the pathophysiology and, potentially, the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ). The spatial distribution of observed abnormalities and the type of white matter involved remain to be elucidated. Seventeen chronically ill individuals with SCZ and 17 age- and gender-matched controls were studied using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging protocol designed to examine the abnormalities of white matter by region and by level of architectural infrastructure as assessed by fractional anisotropy (FA) in native space. After assessing whole-brain FA, FA was divided into quartiles, capturing all brain regions with FA values from 0 to 0.25, 0.25 to 0.5, 0.5 to 0.75, and 0.75 to 1.0. Mean whole-brain FA was 4.6% smaller in the SCZ group than in healthy controls. This difference was largely accounted for by FA values from the second quartile (between 0.25 and 0.5). Second quartile FA was decreased in all 130 brain regions of the template in the SCZ group, with the difference reaching statistical significance in 41 regions. Correspondingly, the amount of brain tissue with an FA of ∼0.4 was significantly reduced in the SCZ group, while the amount of brain tissue falling in the lowest quartile of FA was increased. These findings strongly imply a diffuse loss of white matter integrity in SCZ. Our finding that the loss of integrity disproportionately involves white matter of low to moderate organization suggests an approach to the specificity of white matter abnormalities in SCZ based on microstructure rather than spatial distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A J Reading
- Division of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
TMEM106B, the risk gene for frontotemporal dementia, is regulated by the microRNA-132/212 cluster and affects progranulin pathways. J Neurosci 2012; 32:11213-27. [PMID: 22895706 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0521-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no available treatments. Mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) causing impaired production or secretion of progranulin are a common Mendelian cause of FTLD-TDP; additionally, common variants at chromosome 7p21 in the uncharacterized gene TMEM106B were recently linked by genome-wide association to FTLD-TDP with and without GRN mutations. Here we show that TMEM106B is neuronally expressed in postmortem human brain tissue, and that expression levels are increased in FTLD-TDP brain. Furthermore, using an unbiased, microarray-based screen of >800 microRNAs (miRs), we identify microRNA-132 as the top microRNA differentiating FTLD-TDP and control brains, with <50% normal expression levels of three members of the microRNA-132 cluster (microRNA-132, microRNA-132*, and microRNA-212) in disease. Computational analyses, corroborated empirically, demonstrate that the top mRNA target of both microRNA-132 and microRNA-212 is TMEM106B; both microRNAs repress TMEM106B expression through shared microRNA-132/212 binding sites in the TMEM106B 3'UTR. Increasing TMEM106B expression to model disease results in enlargement and poor acidification of endo-lysosomes, as well as impairment of mannose-6-phosphate-receptor trafficking. Finally, endogenous neuronal TMEM106B colocalizes with progranulin in late endo-lysosomes, and TMEM106B overexpression increases intracellular levels of progranulin. Thus, TMEM106B is an FTLD-TDP risk gene, with microRNA-132/212 depression as an event which can lead to aberrant overexpression of TMEM106B, which in turn alters progranulin pathways. Evidence for this pathogenic cascade includes the striking convergence of two independent, genomic-scale screens on a microRNA:mRNA regulatory pair. Our findings open novel directions for elucidating miR-based therapies in FTLD-TDP.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang T, Lee MH, Choi E, Pardo-Villamizar CA, Lee SB, Yang IH, Calabresi PA, Nath A. Granzyme B-induced neurotoxicity is mediated via activation of PAR-1 receptor and Kv1.3 channel. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43950. [PMID: 22952817 PMCID: PMC3430617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a critical role of T cells in neurodegeneration associated with acute and subacute brain inflammatory disorders. Granzyme B (GrB), released by activated T cells, is a cytotoxic proteinase which may induce perforin-independent neurotoxicity. Here, we studied the mechanism of perforin-independent GrB toxicity by treating primary cultured human neuronal cells with recombinant GrB. GrBactivated the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 receptor on the neuronal cell surface leading to decreased intracellular cyclic AMP levels. This was followed by increased expression and translocation of the voltage gated potassium channel, Kv1.3 to the neuronal cell membrane. Similar expression of Kv1.3 was also seen in neurons of the cerebral cortex adjacent to active inflammatory lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Kv1.3 expression was followed by activation of Notch-1 resulting in neurotoxicity. Blocking PAR-1, Kv1.3 or Notch-1 activation using specific pharmacological inhibitors or siRNAs prevented GrB-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, clofazimine protected against GrB-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus, in vivo. These observations indicate that GrB released from T cells induced neurotoxicity by interacting with the membrane bound Gi-coupled PAR-1 receptor and subsequently activated Kv1.3 and Notch-1. These pathways provide novel targets to treat T cell-mediated neuroinflammatory disorders. Kv1.3 is of particular interest since it is expressed on the cell surface, only under pathological circumstances, and early in the cascade of events making it an attractive therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongguang Wang
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Myoung-Hwa Lee
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elliot Choi
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Sung Bin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - In Hong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Singapore Institute for Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Avindra Nath
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Poli G, Corda E, Lucchini B, Puricelli M, Martino PA, Dall'ara P, Villetti G, Bareggi SR, Corona C, Vallino Costassa E, Gazzuola P, Iulini B, Mazza M, Acutis P, Mantegazza P, Casalone C, Imbimbo BP. Therapeutic effect of CHF5074, a new γ-secretase modulator, in a mouse model of scrapie. Prion 2012; 6:62-72. [PMID: 22453180 DOI: 10.4161/pri.6.1.18317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) and Alzheimer disease (AD) both misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins represent key features. Recently, it was observed that PrP (c) is a mediator of a synaptic dysfunction induced by Aβ oligomers. We tested a novel γ secretase modulator (CHF5074) in a murine model of prion disease. Groups of female mice were intracerebrally or intraperitoneally infected with the mouse-adapted Rocky Mountain Laboratory prions. Two weeks prior infection, the animals were provided with a CHF5074-medicated diet (375 ppm) or a standard diet (vehicle) until they showed neurological signs and eventually died. In intracerebrally infected mice, oral administration of CHF5074 did not prolong survival of the animals. In intraperitoneally-infected mice, CHF5074-treated animals showed a median survival time of 21 days longer than vehicle-treated mice (p < 0.001). In these animals, immunohistochemistry analyses showed that deposition of PrP (Sc) in the cerebellum, hippocampus and parietal cortex in CHF5074-treated mice was significantly lower than in vehicle-treated animals. Immunostaining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in parietal cortex revealed a significantly higher reactive gliosis in CHF5074-treated mice compared to the control group of infected animals. Although the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of CHF5074 in this murine model of human prion disease is unclear, it could be hypothesized that the drug counteracts PrP (Sc ) toxicity through astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection. CHF5074 shows a pharmacological potential in murine models of both AD and TSEs thus suggesting a link between these degenerative pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Poli
- Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
A brain aggregate model gives new insights into the pathobiology and treatment of prion diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:449-66. [PMID: 22507918 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182544680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aggregates (BrnAggs) derived from fetal mouse brains contain mature neurons and glial cells. We determined that BrnAggs are consistently infected with Rocky Mountain Laboratory scrapie strain prions and produce increasing levels of the pathogenic form of the prion protein (PrP). Their abundant dendrites undergo degeneration shortly after prion infection. Treatment of prion-infected BrnAggs with drugs, such as a γ-secretase inhibitors and quinacrine (Qa), which stop PrP formation and dendritic degeneration, mirrors the results from rodent studies. Because PrP is trafficked into lysosomes by endocytosis and autophagosomes by phagocytosis in neurons of prion strain-infected BrnAggs, we studied the effects of drugs that modulate subcellular trafficking. Rapamycin (Rap), which activates autophagy, markedly increased light-chain 3-II (LC3-II)-positive autophagosomes and cathepsin D-positive lysosomes in BrnAggs but could not eliminate the intracellular PrP within them. Adding Qa to Rap markedly reduced the number of LC3-II-positive autolysosomes. Rap + Qa created a competition between Rap increasing and Qa decreasing LC3-II. Rapamycin + Qa decreased total PrP by 56% compared with that of Qa alone, which reduced PrP by 37% relative to Rap alone. We conclude that the decrease was dominated by the ability of Qa to decrease the formation of PrP. Therefore, BrnAggs provide an efficient in vitro tool for screening drug therapies and studying the complex biology of prions.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zheng J, Watanabe H, Wines-Samuelson M, Zhao H, Gridley T, Kopan R, Shen J. Conditional deletion of Notch1 and Notch2 genes in excitatory neurons of postnatal forebrain does not cause neurodegeneration or reduction of Notch mRNAs and proteins. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20356-68. [PMID: 22505716 PMCID: PMC3370217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Notch signaling requires intramembranous cleavage by γ-secretase to release the intracellular domain. We previously demonstrated that presenilin and nicastrin, components of the γ-secretase complex, are required for neuronal survival in the adult cerebral cortex. Here we investigate whether Notch1 and/or Notch2 are functional targets of presenilin/γ-secretase in promoting survival of excitatory neurons in the adult cerebral cortex by generating Notch1, Notch2, and Notch1/Notch2 conditional knock-out (cKO) mice. Unexpectedly, we did not detect any neuronal degeneration in the adult cerebral cortex of these Notch cKO mice up to ∼2 years of age, whereas conditional inactivation of presenilin or nicastrin using the same αCaMKII-Cre transgenic mouse caused progressive, striking neuronal loss beginning at 4 months of age. More surprisingly, we failed to detect any reduction of Notch1 and Notch2 mRNAs and proteins in the cerebral cortex of Notch1 and Notch2 cKO mice, respectively, even though Cre-mediated genomic deletion of the floxed Notch1 and Notch2 exons clearly took place in the cerebral cortex of these cKO mice. Furthermore, introduction of Cre recombinase into primary cortical cultures prepared from postnatal floxed Notch1/Notch2 pups, where Notch1 and Notch2 are highly expressed, completely eliminated their expression, indicating that the floxed Notch1 and Notch2 alleles can be efficiently inactivated in the presence of Cre. Together, these results demonstrate that Notch1 and Notch2 are not involved in the age-related neurodegeneration caused by loss of presenilin or γ-secretase and suggest that there is no detectable expression of Notch1 and Notch2 in pyramidal neurons of the adult cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, ,the Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hirotaka Watanabe
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mary Wines-Samuelson
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Huailong Zhao
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Thomas Gridley
- the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, and
| | - Raphael Kopan
- the Department of Developmental Biology and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jie Shen
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, , To whom correspondence should be addressed: Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, NRB 636E, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115. Tel.: 617-525-5561; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kishimoto N, Shimizu K, Sawamoto K. Neuronal regeneration in a zebrafish model of adult brain injury. Dis Model Mech 2011; 5:200-9. [PMID: 22028327 PMCID: PMC3291641 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian forebrain are a potential source of neurons for neural tissue repair after brain insults such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent studies show that neurogenesis in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the adult zebrafish telencephalon has features in common with neurogenesis in the adult mammalian SVZ. Here, we established a zebrafish model to study injury-induced neurogenesis in the adult brain. We show that the adult zebrafish brain possesses a remarkable capacity for neuronal regeneration. Telencephalon injury prompted the proliferation of neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) in the VZ of the injured hemisphere, compared with in the contralateral hemisphere. The distribution of NPCs, viewed by BrdU labeling and ngn1-promoter-driven GFP, suggested that they migrated laterally and reached the injury site via the subpallium and pallium. The number of NPCs reaching the injury site significantly decreased when the fish were treated with an inhibitor of γ-secretase, a component of the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting that injury-induced neurogenesis mechanisms are at least partly conserved between fish and mammals. The injury-induced NPCs differentiated into mature neurons in the regions surrounding the injury site within a week after the injury. Most of these cells expressed T-box brain protein (Tbr1), suggesting they had adopted the normal neuronal fate in this region. These results suggest that the telencephalic VZ contributes to neural tissue recovery following telencephalic injury in the adult zebrafish, and that the adult zebrafish is a useful model for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Kishimoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ables JL, Breunig JJ, Eisch AJ, Rakic P. Not(ch) just development: Notch signalling in the adult brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12:269-83. [PMID: 21505516 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is often regarded as a developmental pathway, but components of Notch signalling are expressed and active in the adult brain. With the advent of more sophisticated genetic manipulations, evidence has emerged that suggests both conserved and novel roles for Notch signalling in the adult brain. Not surprisingly, Notch is a key regulator of adult neural stem cells, but it is increasingly clear that Notch signalling also has roles in the regulation of migration, morphology, synaptic plasticity and survival of immature and mature neurons. Understanding the many functions of Notch signalling in the adult brain, and its dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease and malignancy, is crucial to the development of new therapeutics that are centred around this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ables
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Inoki K, Mori H, Wang J, Suzuki T, Hong S, Yoshida S, Blattner SM, Ikenoue T, Rüegg MA, Hall MN, Kwiatkowski DJ, Rastaldi MP, Huber TB, Kretzler M, Holzman LB, Wiggins RC, Guan KL. mTORC1 activation in podocytes is a critical step in the development of diabetic nephropathy in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2181-96. [PMID: 21606597 PMCID: PMC3104745 DOI: 10.1172/jci44771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is among the most lethal complications that occur in type 1 and type 2 diabetics. Podocyte dysfunction is postulated to be a critical event associated with proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in glomerular diseases including DN. However, molecular mechanisms of podocyte dysfunction in the development of DN are not well understood. Here we have shown that activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a kinase that senses nutrient availability, was enhanced in the podocytes of diabetic animals. Further, podocyte-specific mTORC1 activation induced by ablation of an upstream negative regulator (PcKOTsc1) recapitulated many DN features, including podocyte loss, glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, and proteinuria in nondiabetic young and adult mice. Abnormal mTORC1 activation caused mislocalization of slit diaphragm proteins and induced an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotypic switch with enhanced ER stress in podocytes. Conversely, reduction of ER stress with a chemical chaperone significantly protected against both the podocyte phenotypic switch and podocyte loss in PcKOTsc1 mice. Finally, genetic reduction of podocyte-specific mTORC1 in diabetic animals suppressed the development of DN. These results indicate that mTORC1 activation in podocytes is a critical event in inducing DN and suggest that reduction of podocyte mTORC1 activity is a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Inoki
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Junying Wang
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tsukasa Suzuki
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - SungKi Hong
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sei Yoshida
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Simone M. Blattner
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Markus A. Rüegg
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael N. Hall
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David J. Kwiatkowski
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maria P. Rastaldi
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lawrence B. Holzman
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Roger C. Wiggins
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Life Sciences Institute,
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico and Fondazione D’Amico, Milan, Italy.
Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fernandez-Valdivia R, Takeuchi H, Samarghandi A, Lopez M, Leonardi J, Haltiwanger RS, Jafar-Nejad H. Regulation of mammalian Notch signaling and embryonic development by the protein O-glucosyltransferase Rumi. Development 2011; 138:1925-34. [PMID: 21490058 DOI: 10.1242/dev.060020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-glucosylation is a conserved post-translational modification that occurs on epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats harboring the C(1)-X-S-X-P-C(2) consensus sequence. The Drosophila protein O-glucosyltransferase (Poglut) Rumi regulates Notch signaling, but the contribution of protein O-glucosylation to mammalian Notch signaling and embryonic development is not known. Here, we show that mouse Rumi encodes a Poglut, and that Rumi(-/-) mouse embryos die before embryonic day 9.5 with posterior axis truncation and severe defects in neural tube development, somitogenesis, cardiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Rumi knockdown in mouse cell lines results in cellular and molecular phenotypes of loss of Notch signaling without affecting Notch ligand binding. Biochemical, cell culture and cross-species transgenic experiments indicate that a decrease in Rumi levels results in reduced O-glucosylation of Notch EGF repeats, and that the enzymatic activity of Rumi is key to its regulatory role in the Notch pathway. Genetic interaction studies show that removing one copy of Rumi in a Jag1(+/-) (jagged 1) background results in severe bile duct morphogenesis defects. Altogether, our data indicate that addition of O-glucose to EGF repeats is essential for mouse embryonic development and Notch signaling, and that Jag1-induced signaling is sensitive to the gene dosage of the protein O-glucosyltransferase Rumi. Given that Rumi(-/-) embryos show more severe phenotypes compared to those displayed by other global regulators of canonical Notch signaling, Rumi is likely to have additional important targets during mammalian development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernandez-Valdivia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Benvegnù S, Roncaglia P, Agostini F, Casalone C, Corona C, Gustincich S, Legname G. Developmental influence of the cellular prion protein on the gene expression profile in mouse hippocampus. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:711-25. [PMID: 21406608 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00205.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) to an abnormal and protease-resistant isoform is the key event in prion diseases. Mice lacking PrP(C) are resistant to prion infection, and downregulation of PrP(C) during prion infection prevents neuronal loss and the progression to clinical disease. These results are suggestive of the potential beneficial effect of silencing PrP(C) during prion diseases. However, the silencing of a protein that is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system could be detrimental to brain homeostasis. The physiological role of PrP(C) remains still unclear, but several putative functions (e.g., neuronal development and maintenance) have been proposed. To assess the influence of PrP(C) on gene expression profile in the mouse brain, we undertook a microarray analysis by using RNA isolated from the hippocampus at two different developmental stages: newborn (4.5-day-old) and adult (3-mo-old) mice, both from wild-type and Prnp(0/0) animals. Comparing the different datasets allowed us to identify "commonly" co-regulated genes and "uniquely" deregulated genes during postnatal development. The absence of PrP(C) affected several biological pathways, the most representative being cell signaling, cell-cell communication and transduction processes, calcium homeostasis, nervous system development, synaptic transmission, and cell adhesion. However, there was only a moderate alteration of the gene expression profile in our animal models. PrP(C) deficiency did not lead to a dramatic alteration of gene expression profile and produced moderately altered gene expression levels from young to adult animals. Thus, our results may provide additional support to silencing endogenous PrP(C) levels as therapeutic approach to prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Benvegnù
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sanjo N, Mizusawa H. [Prion disease--the characteristics and diagnostic points in Japan]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2010; 50:287-300. [PMID: 20535976 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.50.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Prion disease develops when normal prion proteins change into transmissible abnormal prion proteins and the converted proteins accumulate in the brain. The Japanese Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Surveillance Committee has identified 1320 patients with prion diseases in the 10 years since 1999 (classified into 3 types: sporadic, 77.2%; hereditary, 16.7%; and environmentally acquired, 6.1%). Compared with patients in other countries, a relatively larger number of Japanese patients characteristically have dura mater graft-associated CJD and hereditary prion diseases. All the environmentally acquired cases, except 1 case of variant CJD, were acquired from dura grafts. Although most patients were diagnosed with a classical subtype of sporadic CJD (sCJD), whose features include rapidly progressing dementia, myoclonus, hyperintensity in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and periodic synchronous discharge in electroencephalography, the number of cases with atypical symptoms, such as MM2 (0.8%), MV2 (0.2%), VV1 (0%), and VV2 (0.2%) subtypes of sCJD cases, was not negligible. Appropriate diagnosis should be made based on clinical features, neuroradiological findings, CSF findings (14-3-3 and total tau proteins), and genetic analysis of polymorphisms. Hereditary prion diseases are classified into 3 major phenotypes: familial CJD (fCJD); Gerstmann-Straeussler-Scheinker disease (GSS), which mainly presents as spinocerebellar ataxia; and fatal familial insomnia. Many mutations of the prion protein gene have been identified, but V180I (fCJD), P102L (GSS), and E200K (fCJD) mutations were the most common among the fCJD cases in Japan. Without a family history, genetic testing is necessary to distinguish even seemingly "sporadic" CJD from fCJD. Accurate diagnosis is important for clarification of the pathological process, prevention of secondary infection, and also psychological support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kyriazis GA, Belal C, Madan M, Taylor DG, Wang J, Wei Z, Pattisapu JV, Chan SL. Stress-induced switch in Numb isoforms enhances Notch-dependent expression of subtype-specific transient receptor potential channel. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:6811-25. [PMID: 20038578 PMCID: PMC2825475 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.074690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of cell specification by controlling differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Numb is an intrinsic regulator of the Notch pathway and exists in four alternative splice variants that differ in the length of their phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTB) and proline-rich region domains. The physiological relevance of the existence of the Numb splice variants and their exact regulation are still poorly understood. We previously reported that Numb switches from isoforms containing the insertion in PTB to isoforms lacking this insertion in neuronal cells subjected to trophic factor withdrawal (TFW). The functional relevance of the TFW-induced switch in Numb isoforms is not known. Here we provide evidence that the TFW-induced switch in Numb isoforms regulates Notch signaling strength and Notch target gene expression. PC12 cells stably overexpressing Numb isoforms lacking the PTB insertion exhibited higher basal Notch activity and Notch-dependent transcription of the transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) when compared with those overexpressing Numb isoforms with the PTB insertion. The differential regulation of TRPC6 expression is correlated with perturbed calcium signaling and increased neuronal vulnerability to TFW-induced death. Pharmacological inhibition of the Notch pathway or knockdown of TRPC6 function ameliorates the adverse effects caused by the TFW-induced switch in Numb isoforms. Taken together, our results indicate that Notch and Numb interaction may influence the sensitivity of neuronal cells to injurious stimuli by modulating calcium-dependent apoptotic signaling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Kyriazis
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Cherine Belal
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Meenu Madan
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - David G. Taylor
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Jang Wang
- the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Zelan Wei
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Jogi V. Pattisapu
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| | - Sic L. Chan
- From the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816 and
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dearmond SJ, Bajsarowicz K. PrPSc accumulation in neuronal plasma membranes links Notch-1 activation to dendritic degeneration in prion diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2010; 5:6. [PMID: 20205843 PMCID: PMC2825502 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are disorders of protein conformation in which PrPC, the normal cellular conformer, is converted to an abnormal, protease-resistant conformer rPrPSc. Approximately 80% of rPrPSc accumulates in neuronal plasma membranes where it changes their physical properties and profoundly affects membrane functions. In this review we explain how rPrPSc is transported along axons to presynaptic boutons and how we envision the conversion of PrPC to rPrPSc in the postsynaptic membrane. This information is a prerequisite to the second half of this review in which we present evidence that rPrPSc accumulation in synaptic regions links Notch-1 signaling with the dendritic degeneration. The hypothesis that the Notch-1 intracellular domain, NICD, is involved in prion disease was tested by treating prion-infected mice with the γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) LY411575, with quinacrine (Qa), and with the combination of GSI + Qa. Surprisingly, treatment with GSI alone markedly decreased NICD but did not prevent dendritic degeneration. Qa alone produced near normal dendritic trees. The combined GSI + Qa treatment resulted in a richer dendritic tree than in controls. We speculate that treatment with GSI alone inhibited both stimulators and inhibitors of dendritic growth. With the combined GSI + Qa treatment, Qa modulated the effect of GSI perhaps by destabilizing membrane rafts. GSI + Qa decreased PrPSc in the neocortex and the hippocampus by 95%, but only by 50% in the thalamus where disease was begun by intrathalamic inoculation of prions. The results of this study indicate that GSI + Qa work synergistically to prevent dendrite degeneration and to block formation of PrPSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Dearmond
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, 1855 Folsom Street MCB 269, San Francisco, CA 94143-0803, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Woo HN, Park JS, Gwon AR, Arumugam TV, Jo DG. Alzheimer's disease and Notch signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:1093-7. [PMID: 19853579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by gamma-secretase generates a neurotoxic amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) that is thought to be associated with the neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Presenilin is the catalytic member of the gamma-secretase proteolytic complex and mutations in presenilins are the major cause of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. In addition to APP, gamma-secretase substrates include Notch1 homologues, Notch ligands Delta and Jagged, and additional type I membrane proteins, raising concerns about mechanism-based toxicities that might arise as a consequence of inhibiting gamma-secretase. Notch signaling is involved in tumorigenesis as well as in determining the fates of neural and nonneural cells during development and in adults. Alterations in proteolysis of the Notch by gamma-secretase could be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Inconsistently, several recent observations have indicated that enhanced Notch signaling and expression could be instrumental in neurodegeneration in AD. Therefore, detailed and precise study of Notch signaling in AD is important for elucidating diverse mechanisms of pathogenesis and potentially for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Loss of cerebellar granule neurons is associated with punctate but not with large focal deposits of prion protein in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009; 68:892-901. [PMID: 19606064 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3181af7f23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether aggregates of prion protein (PrP) reflect neurotoxicity or are neuroprotective in prion diseases is unclear. To address this question, we performed a clinicopathologic study of cerebellar granular neurons in 100 patients affected with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). There was significant loss of these neurons in the subset of cases with Val/Val genotype at PRNP Codon 129 and Molecular Isotype 2 of abnormal PrP (sporadic CJD-VV2) (n=32) compared with both the other CJD subtypes and to controls. Pathological PrP deposits of the punctate-type (synaptic-type) in this subgroup correlated with neuronal loss and proliferation of astrocytes and microglia. By contrast, the numbers of large deposits (5- to 50-microm-diameter) and numbers of amyloid plaques did not correlate with neuronal loss. These findings are consistent with the view that large aggregates may protect neurons by sequestering neurotoxic PrP oligomers, whereas punctate deposits may indicate the location of neuronal death processes in CJD.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ermolayev V, Cathomen T, Merk J, Friedrich M, Härtig W, Harms GS, Klein MA, Flechsig E. Impaired axonal transport in motor neurons correlates with clinical prion disease. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000558. [PMID: 19696919 PMCID: PMC2723930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders causing motor dysfunctions, dementia and neuropathological changes such as spongiosis, astroglyosis and neuronal loss. The chain of events leading to the clinical disease and the role of distinct brain areas are still poorly understood. The role of nervous system integrity and axonal properties in prion pathology are still elusive. There is no evidence of both the functional axonal impairments in vivo and their connection with prion disease. We studied the functional axonal impairments in motor neurons at the onset of clinical prion disease using the combination of tracing as a functional assay for axonal transport with immunohistochemistry experiments. Well-established and novel confocal and ultramicroscopy techniques were used to image and quantify labeled neurons. Despite profound differences in the incubation times, 30% to 45% of neurons in the red nucleus of different mouse lines showed axonal transport impairments at the disease onset bilaterally after intracerebral prion inoculation and unilaterally—after inoculation into the right sciatic nerve. Up to 94% of motor cortex neurons also demonstrated transport defects upon analysis by alternative imaging methods. Our data connect axonal transport impairments with disease symptoms for different prion strains and inoculation routes and establish further insight on the development of prion pathology in vivo. The alterations in localization of the proteins involved in the retrograde axonal transport allow us to propose a mechanism of transport disruption, which involves Rab7-mediated cargo attachment to the dynein-dynactin pathway. These findings suggest novel targets for therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in the early stages of prion disease. For almost a century, prion disease symptoms, such as dementia and motor system defects, have been accompanied with neuropathological hallmarks in the central nervous system. In past decades, discrepancies between neuropathological changes and clinical symptoms showed that the processes triggering the disease remain elusive. We concentrated on the hypothesis that nervous system integrity and axonal properties may play an important role in the disease development. Since motor system defects are typical for prion disease, we investigated the centers of the motor system, red nucleus and hindlimb area of motor cortex. Although intracerebral prion infection led to a 30% to 45% bilateral reduction of labeled neurons in the red nucleus, infection into the right sciatic nerve—the major hindlimb nerve—led to unilateral reduction of labeled neurons in the red nucleus. Up to 94% reduction was found in the neurons of motor cortex hindlimb area. This reduction is probably caused by functional axonal impairments in motor neurons. Prion-induced alterations in protein distribution implicate a mechanism of transport disruption at cargo attachment to the retrograde axonal transport complex. Our work reveals a connection between axonal transport impairments and disease symptoms in vivo, providing further insight in the development of prion pathology and suggesting novel targets for therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ermolayev
- Molecular Microscopy Group, DFG Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Department of Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Merk
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mike Friedrich
- Molecular Microscopy Group, DFG Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- University of Leipzig, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gregory S. Harms
- Molecular Microscopy Group, DFG Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (GSH); (MAK)
| | - Michael A. Klein
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (GSH); (MAK)
| | - Eckhard Flechsig
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang AM, Ku HH, Liang YC, Chen YC, Hwu YM, Yeh TS. The autonomous notch signal pathway is activated by baicalin and baicalein but is suppressed by niclosamide in K562 cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:682-92. [PMID: 19160421 PMCID: PMC7166476 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays important roles in a variety of cellular processes. Aberrant transduction of Notch signaling contributes to many diseases and cancers in humans. The Notch receptor intracellular domain, the activated form of Notch receptor, is extremely difficult to detect in normal cells. However, it can activate signaling at very low protein concentration to elicit its biological effects. In the present study, a cell based luciferase reporter gene assay was established in K562 cells to screen drugs which could modulate the endogenous CBF1‐dependent Notch signal pathway. Using this system, we found that the luciferase activity of CBF1‐dependent reporter gene was activated by baicalin and baicalein but suppressed by niclosamide in both dose‐ and time‐dependent manners. Treatment with these drugs modulated endogenous Notch signaling and affected mRNA expression levels of Notch1 receptor and Notch target genes in K562 cells. Additionally, erythroid differentiation of K562 cells was suppressed by baicalin and baicalein yet was promoted by niclosamide. Colony‐forming ability in soft agar was decreased after treatment with baicalin and baicalein, but was not affected in the presence of niclosamide. Thus, modulation of Notch signaling after treatment with any of these three drugs may affect tumorigenesis of K562 cells suggesting that these drugs may have therapeutic potential for those tumors associated with Notch signaling. Taken together, this system could be beneficial for screening of drugs with potential to treat Notch signal pathway‐associated diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 682–692, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Ming Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guillerme-Bosselut F, Forestier L, Jayat-Vignoles C, Vilotte JL, Popa I, Portoukalian J, Le Dur A, Laude H, Julien R, Gallet PF. Glycosylation-related gene expression profiling in the brain and spleen of scrapie-affected mouse. Glycobiology 2009; 19:879-89. [PMID: 19386898 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A central event in the formation of infectious prions is the conformational change of a host-encoded glycoprotein, PrP(C), into a pathogenic isoform, PrP(Sc). The molecular requirements for efficient PrP conversion remain unknown. Altered glycosylation has been linked to various pathologies and the N-glycans harbored by two prion protein isoforms are different. In order to search for glycosylation-related genes that could mark prion infection, we used a glycosylation-dedicated microarray that allowed the simultaneous analysis of the expression of 165 glycosylation-related genes encoding proteins of the glycosyltransferase, glycosidase, lectin, and sulfotransferase families to compare the gene expression profiles of normal and scrapie-infected mouse brain and spleen. Eight genes were found upregulated in "scrapie brain" at the final state of the disease. In the spleen, five genes presented a modified expression. Three genes were also upregulated in the spleen of infected mice, and two (Pigq and St3gal5) downregulated. All changes were confirmed by qPCR and biochemical analyses applied to Pigq and St3gal5 proteins.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hwang D, Lee IY, Yoo H, Gehlenborg N, Cho JH, Petritis B, Baxter D, Pitstick R, Young R, Spicer D, Price ND, Hohmann JG, Dearmond SJ, Carlson GA, Hood LE. A systems approach to prion disease. Mol Syst Biol 2009; 5:252. [PMID: 19308092 PMCID: PMC2671916 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2009.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions cause transmissible neurodegenerative diseases and replicate by conformational conversion of normal benign forms of prion protein (PrPC) to disease-causing PrPSc isoforms. A systems approach to disease postulates that disease arises from perturbation of biological networks in the relevant organ. We tracked global gene expression in the brains of eight distinct mouse strain–prion strain combinations throughout the progression of the disease to capture the effects of prion strain, host genetics, and PrP concentration on disease incubation time. Subtractive analyses exploiting various aspects of prion biology and infection identified a core of 333 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that appeared central to prion disease. DEGs were mapped into functional pathways and networks reflecting defined neuropathological events and PrPSc replication and accumulation, enabling the identification of novel modules and modules that may be involved in genetic effects on incubation time and in prion strain specificity. Our systems analysis provides a comprehensive basis for developing models for prion replication and disease, and suggests some possible therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daehee Hwang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kovacs GG, Budka H. Molecular pathology of human prion diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:976-99. [PMID: 19399233 PMCID: PMC2672014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10030976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative conditions in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the molecular background of phenotypic variability, relation of prion protein (PrP) to other proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and pathogenesis of neuronal vulnerability. PrP exists in different forms that may be present in both diseased and non-diseased brain, however, abundant disease-associated PrP together with tissue pathology characterizes prion diseases and associates with transmissibility. Prion diseases have different etiological background with distinct pathogenesis and phenotype. Mutations of the prion protein gene are associated with genetic forms. The codon 129 polymorphism in combination with the Western blot pattern of PrP after proteinase K digestion serves as a basis for molecular subtyping of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Tissue damage may result from several parallel, interacting or subsequent pathways that involve cellular systems associated with synapses, protein processing, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Herbert Budka
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel. +43-1-40400-5500; Fax: +43-1-40400-5511
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Auvergnon N, Reibel S, Touret M, Honnorat J, Baron T, Giraudon P, Bencsik A. Altered expression of CRMPs in the brain of bovine spongiform encephalopathy-infected mice during disease progression. Brain Res 2009; 1261:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
hnRNP I inhibits Notch signaling and regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis in the zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000363. [PMID: 19197356 PMCID: PMC2629577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are required for normal intestinal homeostasis and repair after injury. The Notch signaling pathway plays fundamental roles in the intestinal epithelium. Despite the fact that Notch signaling maintains intestinal stem cells in a proliferative state and promotes absorptive cell differentiation in most species, it remains largely unclear how Notch signaling itself is precisely controlled during intestinal homeostasis. We characterized the intestinal phenotypes of brom bones, a zebrafish mutant carrying a nonsense mutation in hnRNP I. We found that the brom bones mutant displays a number of intestinal defects, including compromised secretory goblet cell differentiation, hyperproliferation, and enhanced apoptosis. These phenotypes are accompanied by a markedly elevated Notch signaling activity in the intestinal epithelium. When overexpressed, hnRNP I destabilizes the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and inhibits Notch signaling. This activity of hnRNP I is conserved from zebrafish to human. In addition, our biochemistry experiments demonstrate that the effect of hnRNP I on NICD turnover requires the C-terminal portion of the RAM domain of NICD. Our results demonstrate that hnRNP I is an evolutionarily conserved Notch inhibitor and plays an essential role in intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
|