1
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De Biasi F, Karthikeyan G, Visegrádi M, Levien M, Hope MA, Brown PJ, Wasielewski MR, Ouari O, Emsley L. Light-Induced 1H NMR Hyperpolarization in Solids at 9.4 and 21.1 T. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19667-19672. [PMID: 39007869 PMCID: PMC11273353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The inherently low sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is the major limiting factor for its application to elucidate structure and dynamics in solids. In the solid state, nuclear spin hyperpolarization methods based on microwave-induced dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) provide a versatile platform to enhance the bulk NMR signal of many different sample formulations, leading to significant sensitivity improvements. Here we show that 1H NMR hyperpolarization can also be generated in solids at high magnetic fields by optical irradiation of the sample. We achieved this by exploiting a donor-chromophore-acceptor molecule with an excited state electron-electron interaction similar to the nuclear Larmor frequency, enabling solid-state 1H photochemically induced DNP (photo-CIDNP) at high magnetic fields. Through hyperpolarization relay, we obtained bulk NMR signal enhancements εH by factors of ∼100 at both 9.4 and 21.1 T for the 1H signal of o-terphenyl in magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments at 100 K. These findings open a pathway toward a general light-induced hyperpolarization approach for dye-sensitized high-field NMR in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico De Biasi
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ganesan Karthikeyan
- Aix-Marseille
University, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Máté Visegrádi
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Levien
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Hope
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paige J. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Paula M.
Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Paula M.
Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille
University, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, École
Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Kusy D, Song H, Rząca A, Banasiewicz M, Barboza CA, Kim D, Gryko DT. Efficient Electron Transfer Driven by Excited-State Structural Relaxation in Corrole-Perylenedimiide Dyad. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5231-5238. [PMID: 38718187 PMCID: PMC11103693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A sterically encumbered trans-A2B-corrole possessing a perylenediimide (PDI) scaffold in close proximity to the macrocycle has been synthesized via a straightforward route. Electronic communication as probed via steady-state absorption or cyclic voltammetry is weak in the ground state, in spite of the corrole ring and PDI being bridged by an o-phenylene unit. The TDDFT excited-state geometry optimization suggests after excitation the interchromophoric distance is markedly reduced, thus enhancing the through-space electronic coupling between the corrole and the PDI. This is corroborated by the strong deviation of the emission spectrum originating from both PDI and corrole in the dyad. Selective excitation of both donor and acceptor units triggers efficient sub-picosecond electron transfer and hole transfer, respectively, followed by fast charge recombination. In comparison to previously studied corrole-PDI dyads, both charge separation and charge recombination occur faster, because of the structural relaxation in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kusy
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hongwei Song
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Antoni Rząca
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cristina A. Barboza
- Institute
of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Waly SMA, Benniston AC, Harriman A. Deducing the conformational space for an octa-proline helix. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1657-1671. [PMID: 38303943 PMCID: PMC10829019 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A molecular dyad, PY-P8-PER, comprising a proline octamer sandwiched between pyrene and perylene terminals has been synthesized in order to address the dynamics of electronic energy transfer (EET) along the oligo-proline chain. A simple pyrene-based control compound equipped with a bis-proline attachment serves as a reference for spectroscopic studies. The N-H NMR signal at the terminal pyrene allows distinction between cis and trans amides and, although the crystal structure for the control has the trans conformation, temperature-dependent NMR studies provide clear evidence for trans/cis isomerisation in D6-DMSO. Polar solvents tend to stabilise the trans structure for the pyrene amide group, even for longer oligo-proline units. Circular dichroism shows that the proline spacer for PY-P8-PER exists mainly in the all-trans geometry in methanol. Preferential excitation of the pyrene chromophore is possible at wavelengths in the 320-350 nm range and, for the dyad, is followed by efficacious EET to the perylene emitter. The probability for intramolecular EET, obtained from analysis of steady-state spectroscopic data, is ca. 80-90% in solvents of disparate polarity. Comparison with the Förster critical distance suggests the terminals are ca. 18 Å apart. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, in conjunction with DFT calculations, indicates the dyad exists as a handful of conformers displaying a narrow range of EET rates. Optimisation of a distributive model allows accurate simulation of the EET dynamics in terms of reasonable structures based on isomerisation of certain amide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M A Waly
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, Bedson Building, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Andrew C Benniston
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, Bedson Building, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, Bedson Building, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
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4
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Wei Z, Philip AM, Jager WF, Grozema FC. Fast Charge Separation in Distant Donor-Acceptor Dyads Driven by Relaxation of a Hot Excited State. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:19250-19261. [PMID: 36424999 PMCID: PMC9677426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of three perylenemonoimide-p-oligophenylene-dimethylaniline molecular dyads undergo photoinduced charge separation (CS) with anomalous distance dependence as a function of increasing donor-acceptor (DA) distances. A comprehensive experimental and computational investigation of the photodynamics in the donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) chromophores reveals a clear demarcation concerning the nature of the CS accessed at shorter (bridgeless) and longer DA distances. At the shortest distance, a strong DA interaction and ground-state charge delocalization populate a hot excited state (ES) with prominent charge transfer (CT) character, via Franck-Condon vertical excitation. The presence of such a CT-polarized hot ES enables a subpicosecond CS in the bridgeless dyad. The incorporation of the p-oligophenylene bridge effectively decouples the donor and the acceptor units in the ground state and consequentially suppresses the CT polarization in the hot ES. Theoretically, this should render a slower CS at longer distances. However, the transient absorption measurement reveals a fast CS process at the longer distance, contrary to the anticipated exponential distance dependence of the CS rates. A closer look into the excited-state dynamics suggests that the hot ES undergoes ultrafast geometry relaxation (τ < 1 ps) to create a relaxed ES. As compared to a decoupled, twisted geometry in the hot ES, the geometry of the relaxed ES exhibits a more planar conformation of the p-oligophenylene bridges. Planarization of the bridge endorses an increased charge delocalization and a prominent CT character in the relaxed ES and forms the origin for the evident fast CS at the longest distance. Thus, the relaxation of the hot ES and the concomitantly enhanced charge delocalization adds a new caveat to the classic nature of distance-dependent CS in artificial DBA chromophores and recommends a cautious treatment of the attenuation factor (β) while discussing anomalous CS trends.
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5
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Boggess SC, Gandhi SS, Benlian BR, Miller EW. Vinyl-Fluorene Molecular Wires for Voltage Imaging with Enhanced Sensitivity and Reduced Phototoxicity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11903-11907. [PMID: 34323478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent voltage indicators are an attractive alternative for studying the electrical activity of excitable cells; however, the development of indicators that are both highly sensitive and low in toxicity over long-term experiments remains a challenge. Previously, we reported a fluorene-based voltage-sensitive fluorophore that exhibits much lower phototoxicity than previous voltage indicators in cardiomyocyte monolayers, but suffers from low sensitivity to membrane potential changes. Here, we report that the addition of a single vinyl spacer in the fluorene molecular wire scaffold improves the voltage sensitivity 1.5- to 3.5-fold over fluorene-based voltage probes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the improved ability of the new vinyl-fluorene VoltageFluors to monitor action potential kinetics in both mammalian neurons and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Addition of the vinyl spacer between the aniline donor and fluorene monomer results in indicators that are significantly less phototoxic in cardiomyocyte monolayers. These results demonstrate how structural modification to the voltage sensing domain have a large effect on improving the overall properties of molecular wire-based voltage indicators.
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6
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Low magnetic field effects on a photoinduced electron transfer reaction in an ionic liquid. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Zieleniewska A, Zhao X, Bauroth S, Wang C, Batsanov AS, Krick Calderon C, Kahnt A, Clark T, Bryce MR, Guldi DM. Resonance-Enhanced Charge Delocalization in Carbazole-Oligoyne-Oxadiazole Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18769-18781. [PMID: 33084308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are notably few literature reports of electron donor-acceptor oligoynes, even though they offer unique opportunities for studying charge transport through "all-carbon" molecular bridges. In this context, the current study focuses on a series of carbazole-(C≡C)n-2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (n = 1-4) as conjugated π-systems in general and explores their photophysical properties in particular. Contrary to the behavior of typical electron donor-acceptor systems, for these oligoynes, the rates of charge recombination after photoexcitation increase with increasing electron donor-acceptor distance. To elucidate this unusual performance, we conducted detailed photophysical and time-dependent density functional theory investigations. Significant delocalization of the molecular orbitals along the bridge indicates that the bridging states come into resonance with either the electron donor or acceptor, thereby accelerating the charge transfer. Moreover, the calculated bond lengths reveal a reduction in bond-length alternation upon photoexcitation, indicating significant cumulenic character of the bridge in the excited state. In short, strong vibronic coupling between the electron-donating N-arylcarbazoles and the electron-accepting 1,3,4-oxadiazoles accelerates the charge recombination as the oligoyne becomes longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zieleniewska
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Krick Calderon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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8
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Dubey RK, Inan D, Philip AM, Grozema FC, Jager WF. Efficacious elimination of intramolecular charge transfer in perylene imide based light-harvesting antenna molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5560-5563. [PMID: 32297614 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two light-harvesting antenna molecules were obtained by positioning naphthalene monoimide energy donors at the imide position, instead of the bay positions, of perylene imide energy acceptors. Such rational design resulted in a complete suppression of parasitic intramolecular charge transfer without compromising the desired ultrafast rates of excitation energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Dubey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Damla Inan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Abbey M Philip
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Wolter F Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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9
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Cavell AC, Krasecki VK, Li G, Sharma A, Sun H, Thompson MP, Forman CJ, Guo SY, Hickman RJ, Parrish KA, Aspuru-Guzik A, Cronin L, Gianneschi NC, Goldsmith RH. Optical monitoring of polymerizations in droplets with high temporal dynamic range. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2647-2656. [PMID: 34084323 PMCID: PMC8157680 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to optically monitor a chemical reaction and generate an in situ readout is an important enabling technology, with applications ranging from the monitoring of reactions in flow, to the critical assessment step for combinatorial screening, to mechanistic studies on single reactant and catalyst molecules. Ideally, such a method would be applicable to many polymers and not require only a specific monomer for readout. It should also be applicable if the reactions are carried out in microdroplet chemical reactors, which offer a route to massive scalability in combinatorial searches. We describe a convenient optical method for monitoring polymerization reactions, fluorescence polarization anisotropy monitoring, and show that it can be applied in a robotically generated microdroplet. Further, we compare our method to an established optical reaction monitoring scheme, the use of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) dyes, and find the two monitoring schemes offer sensitivity to different temporal regimes of the polymerization, meaning that the combination of the two provides an increased temporal dynamic range. Anisotropy is sensitive at early times, suggesting it will be useful for detecting new polymerization "hits" in searches for new reactivity, while the AIE dye responds at longer times, suggesting it will be useful for detecting reactions capable of reaching higher molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Cavell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Veronica K Krasecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building, University Avenue Glasgow Scotland G12 8QQ UK
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Christopher J Forman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Si Yue Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 2E4 Canada
| | - Riley J Hickman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 2E4 Canada
| | - Katherine A Parrish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 2E4 Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Senior Fellow Toronto Ontario M5S 1M1 Canada
- CIFAR Artificial Intelligence Chair, Vector Institute Toronto Ontario M5S 1M1 Canada
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building, University Avenue Glasgow Scotland G12 8QQ UK
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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10
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Castrogiovanni A, Herr P, Larsen CB, Guo X, Sparr C, Wenger OS. Shortcuts for Electron-Transfer through the Secondary Structure of Helical Oligo-1,2-Naphthylenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:16748-16754. [PMID: 31674695 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomeric 1,2-naphthylene scaffolds provide access to donor-acceptor compounds with helical oligomer-based bridges, and transient absorption studies revealed a highly unusual dependence of the electron-transfer rate on oligomer length, which is due to their well-defined secondary structure. Close noncovalent intramolecular contacts enable shortcuts for electron transfer that would otherwise have to occur over longer distances along covalent pathways, reminiscent of the behavior seen for certain proteins. The simplistic picture of tube-like electron transfer can describe this superposition of different pathways including both the covalent helical backbone, as well as noncovalent contacts, contrasting the wire-like behavior reported many times before for more conventional molecular bridges. The exquisite control over the molecular architecture, achievable with the configurationally stable and topologically defined 1,2-naphthylene-based scaffolds, is of key importance for the tube-like electron transfer behavior. Our insights are relevant for the emerging field of multidimensional electron transfer and for possible future applications in molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Herr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xingwei Guo
- Current address: Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Miura T. Studies on coherent and incoherent spin dynamics that control the magnetic field effect on photogenerated radical pairs. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1643510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Miura
- Department of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Phelan BT, Schultz JD, Zhang J, Huang GJ, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Quantum coherence in ultrafast photo-driven charge separation. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:319-338. [PMID: 31066389 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent interactions are prevalent in photodriven processes, ranging from photosynthetic energy transfer to superexchange-mediated electron transfer, resulting in numerous studies aimed towards identifying and understanding these interactions. A key motivator of this interest is the non-statistical scaling laws that result from coherently traversing multiple pathways due to quantum interference. To that end, we employed ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to measure electron transfer in two donor-acceptor molecular systems comprising a p-(9-anthryl)-N,N-dimethylaniline chromophore/electron donor and either one or two equivalent naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) electron acceptors at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The two-acceptor compound shows a statistical factor of 2.1 ± 0.2 rate enhancement at room temperature and a non-statistical factor of 2.6 ± 0.2 rate enhancement at cryogenic temperatures, suggesting correlated interactions between the two acceptors with the donor and with the bath modes. Comparing the charge recombination rates indicates that the electron is delocalized over both acceptors at low temperature but localized on a single acceptor at room temperature. These results highlight the importance of shielding the system from bath fluctuations to preserve and ultimately exploit the coherent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Guan-Jhih Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
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13
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Boggess SC, Gandhi SS, Siemons BA, Huebsch N, Healy KE, Miller EW. New Molecular Scaffolds for Fluorescent Voltage Indicators. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:390-396. [PMID: 30735344 PMCID: PMC6499379 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to non-invasively monitor membrane potential dynamics in excitable cells like neurons and cardiomyocytes promises to revolutionize our understanding of the physiology and pathology of the brain and heart. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and application of a new class of fluorescent voltage indicators that make use of a fluorene-based molecular wire as a voltage-sensing domain to provide fast and sensitive measurements of membrane potential in both mammalian neurons and human-derived cardiomyocytes. We show that the best of the new probes, fluorene VoltageFluor 2 (fVF 2), readily reports on action potentials in mammalian neurons, detects perturbations to the cardiac action potential waveform in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, shows a substantial decrease in phototoxicity compared to existing molecular wire-based indicators, and can monitor cardiac action potentials for extended periods of time. Together, our results demonstrate the generalizability of a molecular wire approach to voltage sensing and highlight the utility of fVF 2 for interrogating membrane potential dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Boggess
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shivaani S. Gandhi
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian A. Siemons
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Departments of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nathaniel Huebsch
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Departments of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin E. Healy
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Departments of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Departments of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Departments of Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Zhou J, Wu Y, Roy I, Samanta A, Stoddart JF, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Choosing sides: unusual ultrafast charge transfer pathways in an asymmetric electron-accepting cyclophane that binds an electron donor. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4282-4292. [PMID: 31057755 PMCID: PMC6471873 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-driven electron transfer is faster from an electron donor guest to the harder to reduce acceptor in an asymmetric cyclophane host.
Constructing functional molecular systems for solar energy conversion and quantum information science requires a fundamental understanding of electron transfer in donor–bridge–acceptor (D–B–A) systems as well as competitive reaction pathways in acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) and acceptor–donor–acceptor′ (A–D–A′) systems. Herein we present a supramolecular complex comprising a tetracationic cyclophane having both phenyl-extended viologen (ExV2+) and dipyridylthiazolothiazole (TTz2+) electron acceptors doubly-linked by means of two p-xylylene linkers (TTzExVBox4+), which readily incorporates a perylene (Per) guest in its cavity (Per ⊂ TTzExVBox4+) to establish an A–D–A′ system, in which the ExV2+ and TTz2+ units serve as competing electron acceptors with different reduction potentials. Photoexcitation of the Per guest yields both TTz+˙–Per+˙–ExV2+ and TTz2+–Per+˙–ExV+˙ in <1 ps, while back electron transfer in TTz2+–Per+˙–ExV+˙ proceeds via the unusual sequence TTz2+–Per+˙–ExV+˙ → TTz+˙–Per+˙–ExV2+ → TTz2+–Per–ExV2+. In addition, selective chemical reduction of TTz2+ gives Per ⊂ TTzExVBox3+˙, turning the complex into a D–B–A system in which photoexcitation of TTz+˙ results in the reaction sequence 2*TTz+˙–Per–ExV2+ → TTz2+–Per–ExV+˙ → TTz+˙–Per–ExV2+. Both reactions TTz2+–Per+˙–ExV+˙ → TTz+˙–Per+˙–ExV2+ and TTz2+–Per–ExV+˙ → TTz+˙–Per–ExV2+ occur with a (16 ± 1 ps)–1 rate constant irrespective of whether the bridge molecule is Per+˙ or Per. These results are explained using the superexchange mechanism in which the ionic states of the perylene guest serve as virtual states in each case and demonstrate a novel supramolecular platform for studying the effects of bridge energetics within D–B–A systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA . ; .,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA . ; .,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA
| | - Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA . ;
| | - Avik Samanta
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA . ;
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA . ; .,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China.,School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA . ; .,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA . ; .,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA
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15
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Cook AR, Asaoka S, Li X, Miller JR. Electron Transport with Mobility, μ > 86 cm 2/(V s), in a 74 nm Long Polyfluorene. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:171-175. [PMID: 30554508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of charges on conjugated polymers is a fundamentally important feature of these materials, but most fall far short of transport that might lead one to call them "molecular wires". A commonly identified bottleneck is flexible dihedral angles between repeat units. Here we find a very high mobility, μ > 86 cm2/(V s), for electrons attached to polyfluorene polymers in isooctane, despite the presence of varied dihedral angles. The present data suggest that interactions with the surrounding medium may be a principal determinant of charge mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cook
- Chemistry Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
| | - Sadayuki Asaoka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Chemistry Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
| | - John R Miller
- Chemistry Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
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16
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Inan D, Dubey RK, Jager WF, Grozema FC. Tailoring Photophysical Processes of Perylene-Based Light Harvesting Antenna Systems with Molecular Structure and Solvent Polarity. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:36-47. [PMID: 30701014 PMCID: PMC6344063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of perylene-based bichromophoric light harvesting antenna systems has been tailored by systematic modification of the molecular structure and by using solvents of increasing polarity in the series toluene, chloroform, and benzonitrile. The antenna systems consist of blue light absorbing naphthalene monoimide (NMI) energy donors (D1, D2, and D3) and the perylene derived green light absorbing energy acceptor moieties, 1,7-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetrabutylester (A1), 1,7-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic monoimide dibutylester (A2), and 1,7-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (A3). The design of these antenna systems is such that all exhibit ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET) from the excited donor to the acceptor, due to the effective matching of optical properties of the constituent chromophores. At the same time, electron transfer from the donor to the excited acceptor unit has been limited by the use of a rigid and nonconjugated phenoxy bridge to link the donor and acceptor components. The antenna molecules D1A1, D1A2, and D1A3, which bear the least electron-rich energy donor, isopentylthio-substituted NMI D1, exhibited ultrafast EET (τEET ∼ 1 ps) but no charge transfer and, resultantly, emitted a strong yellow-orange acceptor fluorescence upon excitation of the donor. The other antenna molecules D2A2, D2A3, and D3A3, which bear electron-rich energy donors, the amino-substituted NMIs D2 and D3, exhibited ultrafast energy transfer that was followed by a slower (ca. 20-2000 ps) electron transfer from the donor to the excited acceptor. This charge transfer quenched the acceptor fluorescence to an extent determined by molecular structure and solvent polarity. These antenna systems mimic the primary events occurring in the natural photosynthesis, i.e., energy capture, efficient energy funneling toward the central chromophore, and finally charge separation, and are suitable building blocks for achieving artificial photosynthesis, because of their robustness and favorable and tunable photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Inan
- Laboratory
of Optoelectronic Materials and Laboratory of Organic Materials
& Interfaces, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rajeev K. Dubey
- Laboratory
of Optoelectronic Materials and Laboratory of Organic Materials
& Interfaces, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F. Jager
- Laboratory
of Optoelectronic Materials and Laboratory of Organic Materials
& Interfaces, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Laboratory
of Optoelectronic Materials and Laboratory of Organic Materials
& Interfaces, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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17
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Ivanov MV, Reid SA, Rathore R. Game of Frontier Orbitals: A View on the Rational Design of Novel Charge-Transfer Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3978-3986. [PMID: 29952570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first application of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) to rationalize stereospecificity of pericyclic reactions, FMOs have remained at the forefront of chemical theory. Yet, the practical application of FMOs in the rational design and synthesis of novel charge transfer materials remains under-appreciated. In this Perspective, we demonstrate that molecular orbital theory is a powerful and universal tool capable of rationalizing the observed redox/optoelectronic properties of various aromatic hydrocarbons in the context of their application as charge-transfer materials. Importantly, the inspection of FMOs can provide instantaneous insight into the interchromophoric electronic coupling and polaron delocalization in polychromophoric assemblies, and therefore is invaluable for the rational design and synthesis of novel materials with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Scott A Reid
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53201-1881 , United States
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18
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Schmidt HC, Larsen CB, Wenger OS. Electron Transfer around a Molecular Corner. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6696-6700. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C. Schmidt
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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19
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Ivanov MV, Wang D, Rathore R. From Static to Dynamic: Electron Density of HOMO at Biaryl Linkage Controls the Mechanism of Hole Delocalization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4765-4769. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C. Schmidt
- Departement ChemieUniversität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | | | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Departement ChemieUniversität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
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21
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Nastasi F, La Ganga G, Campagna S, Syrgiannis Z, Rigodanza F, Vitale S, Licciardello A, Prato M. Multichromophoric hybrid species made of perylene bisimide derivatives and Ru(ii) and Os(ii) polypyridine subunits. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:14055-14065. [PMID: 28518200 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and the photophysical and redox properties of a new perylene bisimide (PBI) species (L), bearing two 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands at the two imide positions of the PBI, and its dinuclear Ru(ii) and Os(ii) complexes, [(bpy)2Ru(μ-L)Ru(bpy)2](PF6)4 (Ru2; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and [(Me2-bpy)2Os(μ-L)Os(Me2-bpy)2](PF6)4 (Os2; Me2-bpy = (4,4'-dimethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine), are reported. The absorption spectra of the compounds are dominated by the structured bands of the PBI subunit due to the lowest-energy spin-allowed π-π* transition. The spin-allowed MLCT transitions in Ru2 and Os2 are inferred by the absorption at 350-470 nm, where the PBI absorption is negligible. The absorption band extends towards the red region for Os2 due to the spin-forbidden MLCT transitions, intensified by the heavy osmium center. The reduction processes of the compounds are dominated by two successive mono-electronic PBI-based processes, which in the metal complexes are slightly shifted compared to the free ligand. On oxidation, both metal complexes undergo an apparent bi-electronic process (at 1.31 V vs. SCE for Ru2 and 0.77 V for Os2), attributed to the simultaneous one-electron oxidation of the two weakly-interacting metal centers. In Ru2 and Os2, the intense fluorescence of L subunit (λmax, 535 nm; τ, 4.3 ns; Φ, 0.91) is fully quenched, mainly by photoinduced electron transfer from the metal centers, on the ps timescale (time constant, 11 ps in Ru2 and 3 ps in Os2). Such photoinduced electron transfer leads to the formation of a charge-separated state, which directly decays to the ground state in about 70 ps in Os2, but produces the triplet π-π* state of the PBI subunit in 35 ps in Ru2. The results provide information on the excited-state processes of the hybrid species combining two dominant classes of chromophore/luminophore species, the PBI and the metal polypyridine complexes, and can be used for future design on new hybrid species with made-to-order properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nastasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, e Centro di ricerca Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM), 98166 Messina, Italy.
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22
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Chuang CH, Porel M, Choudhury R, Burda C, Ramamurthy V. Ultrafast Electron Transfer across a Nanocapsular Wall: Coumarins as Donors, Viologen as Acceptor, and Octa Acid Capsule as the Mediator. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:328-337. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Chuang
- Center
for Chemical Dynamics and Nanomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Mintu Porel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
| | - Rajib Choudhury
- Department
of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, Arkansas 72801, United States
| | - Clemens Burda
- Center
for Chemical Dynamics and Nanomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - V. Ramamurthy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
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23
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Chen N, Lu J, Wang D, Zheng C, Wu H, Zhang H, Gao D. A Double-Cable Poly(fluorene-alt-thiophene) with Bay-Substituted Perylenediimide Pendants: An Efficient Interfacial Material in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naiwu Chen
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jurong Lu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Danbei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Huarui Wu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Gao
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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24
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Fay TP, Lewis AM, Manolopoulos DE. Spin-dependent charge recombination along para-phenylene molecular wires. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:064107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alan M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Manolopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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25
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O'Driscoll LJ, Hamill JM, Grace I, Nielsen BW, Almutib E, Fu Y, Hong W, Lambert CJ, Jeppesen JO. Electrochemical control of the single molecule conductance of a conjugated bis(pyrrolo)tetrathiafulvalene based molecular switch. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6123-6130. [PMID: 28989642 PMCID: PMC5625590 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02037f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The single molecule conductance of a conjugated molecular wire is electrochemically switched upon oxidising or reducing a central bispyrrolotetrathiafulvalene unit.
As the field of unimolecular electronics develops, there is growing interest in the development of functionalised molecular wires, such as switches, which will allow for more complex molecular-scale circuits. To this end, a three redox state single molecule switch, 1, based on bis(pyrrolo)tetrathiafulvalene (BPTTF) has been designed, synthesised and investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction (STM-BJ) studies and quantum transport calculations. Oxidising the BPTTF unit increases its conjugation, which was anticipated to increase the molecular conductance of 1. By changing the redox state of 1 electrochemically it was possible to vary the single molecule conductance by more than an order of magnitude (from 10–5.2G0 to 10–3.8G0). Simulations afforded a qualitatively similar trend. An additional, higher conductance feature is present in most traces at junction sizes of around 2.0 nm – further extension affords the switchable lower conductance feature at junction sizes closer to the molecular length (ca. 3.0 nm). Analysis of the conductance traces shows that these two conductance features occur sequentially in nearly all junctions. This behaviour is attributed to an alternative initial junction conformation in which one or more of the BPTTF sulfur atoms acts as an anchoring group. This hypothesis is supported by a computational study of binding conformations and STM-BJ studies on a model compound, 2, with only one thiol anchor. Our results indicate that the redox properties of BPTTF make it an excellent candidate for use in single molecule switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 , Odense M , Denmark .
| | - Joseph M Hamill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Iain Grace
- Department of Physics , Lancaster University , Lancaster , LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Bodil W Nielsen
- Department of Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 , Odense M , Denmark .
| | - Eman Almutib
- Department of Physics , Lancaster University , Lancaster , LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Yongchun Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics , Lancaster University , Lancaster , LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Jan O Jeppesen
- Department of Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 , Odense M , Denmark .
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26
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Jiang J, Alsam A, Wang S, Aly SM, Pan Z, Mohammed OF, Schanze KS. Effect of Conjugation Length on Photoinduced Charge Transfer in π-Conjugated Oligomer-Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4891-4901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Amani Alsam
- Solar
and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Shawkat M. Aly
- Solar
and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhenxing Pan
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Solar
and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Way, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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27
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Ivanov MV, Chebny VJ, Talipov MR, Rathore R. Poly-p-hydroquinone Ethers: Isoenergetic Molecular Wires with Length-Invariant Oxidation Potentials and Cation Radical Excitation Energies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4334-4337. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Vincent J. Chebny
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Marat R. Talipov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University,
P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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28
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Light-driven electron transfer in a modular assembly of a ruthenium(II) polypyridine sensitiser and a manganese(II) terpyridine unit separated by a redox active linkage. DFT analysis. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Sangeeth CSS, Demissie AT, Yuan L, Wang T, Frisbie CD, Nijhuis CA. Comparison of DC and AC Transport in 1.5-7.5 nm Oligophenylene Imine Molecular Wires across Two Junction Platforms: Eutectic Ga-In versus Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscope Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7305-14. [PMID: 27172452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have utilized DC and AC transport measurements to measure the resistance and capacitance of thin films of conjugated oligophenyleneimine (OPI) molecules ranging from 1.5 to 7.5 nm in length. These films were synthesized on Au surfaces utilizing the imine condensation chemistry between terephthalaldehyde and 1,4-benzenediamine. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy yielded molecular tilt angles of 33-43°. To probe DC and AC transport, we employed Au-S-OPI//GaOx/EGaIn junctions having contact areas of 9.6 × 10(2) μm(2) (10(9) nm(2)) and compared to previously reported DC results on the same OPI system obtained using Au-S-OPI//Au conducting probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) junctions with 50 nm(2) areas. We found that intensive observables agreed very well across the two junction platforms. Specifically, the EGaIn-based junctions showed: (i) a crossover from tunneling to hopping transport at molecular lengths near 4 nm; (ii) activated transport for wires >4 nm in length with an activation energy of 0.245 ± 0.008 eV for OPI-7; (iii) exponential dependence of conductance with molecular length with a decay constant β = 2.84 ± 0.18 nm(-1) (DC) and 2.92 ± 0.13 nm(-1) (AC) in the tunneling regime, and an apparent β = 1.01 ± 0.08 nm(-1) (DC) and 0.99 ± 0.11 nm(-1) (AC) in the hopping regime; (iv) previously unreported dielectric constant of 4.3 ± 0.2 along the OPI wires. However, the absolute resistances of Au-S-OPI//GaOx/EGaIn junctions were approximately 100 times higher than the corresponding CP-AFM junctions due to differences in metal-molecule contact resistances between the two platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Suchand Sangeeth
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Abel T Demissie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546
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30
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Gorczak N, Renaud N, Galan E, Eelkema R, Siebbeles LDA, Grozema FC. Computational design of donor-bridge-acceptor systems exhibiting pronounced quantum interference effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6773-9. [PMID: 26878200 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06728f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference is a well-known phenomenon that dictates charge transport properties of single molecule junctions. However, reports on quantum interference in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules are scarce. This might be due to the difficulties in meeting the conditions for the presence of quantum interference in a donor-bridge-acceptor system. The electronic coupling between the donor, bridge, and acceptor moieties must be weak in order to ensure localised initial and final states for charge transfer. Yet, it must be strong enough to allow all bridge orbitals to mediate charge transfer. We present the computational route to the design of a donor-bridge-acceptor molecule that features the right balance between these contradicting requirements and exhibits pronounced interference effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gorczak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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31
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Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Electron Transfer Rate Maxima at Large Donor-Acceptor Distances. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1349-58. [PMID: 26800279 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of their low mass, electrons can transfer rapidly over long (>15 Å) distances, but usually reaction rates decrease with increasing donor-acceptor distance. We report here on electron transfer rate maxima at donor-acceptor separations of 30.6 Å, observed for thermal electron transfer between an anthraquinone radical anion and a triarylamine radical cation in three homologous series of rigid-rod-like donor-photosensitizer-acceptor triads with p-xylene bridges. Our experimental observations can be explained by a weak distance dependence of electronic donor-acceptor coupling combined with a strong increase of the (outer-sphere) reorganization energy with increasing distance, as predicted by electron transfer theory more than 30 years ago. The observed effect has important consequences for light-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuss-Petermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Gilbert M, Albinsson B. Photoinduced charge and energy transfer in molecular wires. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:845-62. [PMID: 25212903 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exploring charge and energy transport in donor-bridge-acceptor systems is an important research field which is essential for the fundamental knowledge necessary to develop future applications. These studies help creating valuable knowledge to respond to today's challenges to develop functionalized molecular systems for artificial photosynthesis, photovoltaics or molecular scale electronics. This tutorial review focuses on photo-induced charge/energy transfer in covalently linked donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems. Of utmost importance in such systems is to understand how to control signal transmission, i.e. how fast electrons or excitation energy could be transferred between the donor and acceptor and the role played by the bridge (the "molecular wire"). After a brief description of the electron and energy transfer theory, we aim to give a simple yet accurate picture of the complex role played by the bridge to sustain donor-acceptor electronic communication. Special emphasis is put on understanding bridge energetics and conformational dynamics effects on the distance dependence of the donor-acceptor electronic coupling and transfer rates. Several examples of donor-bridge-acceptor systems from the literature are described as a support to the discussion. Finally, porphyrin-based molecular wires are introduced, and the relationship between their electronic structure and photophysical properties is outlined. In strongly conjugated porphyrin systems, limitations of the existing electron transfer theory to interpret the distance dependence of the transfer rates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Gilbert
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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33
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Kirner SV, Arteaga D, Henkel C, Margraf JT, Alegret N, Ohkubo K, Insuasty B, Ortiz A, Martín N, Echegoyen L, Fukuzumi S, Clark T, Guldi DM. On-off switch of charge-separated states of pyridine-vinylene-linked porphyrin-C 60 conjugates detected by EPR. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5994-6007. [PMID: 29449913 PMCID: PMC5669314 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and electronic properties of a new series of D-π-A conjugates consisting of free base (H2P) and zinc porphyrins (ZnP) as electron donors and a fullerene (C60) as electron acceptor, in which the two electroactive entities are covalently linked through pyridine-vinylene spacers of different lengths, are described. Electronic interactions in the ground state were characterized by electrochemical and absorption measurements, which were further supported with theoretical calculations. Most importantly, charge-transfer bands were observed in the absorption spectra, indicating a strong push-pull behavior. In the excited states, electronic interactions were detected by selective photoexcitation under steady-state conditions, by time-resolved fluorescence investigations, and by pump probe experiments on the femto-, pico-, and nanosecond time scales. Porphyrin fluorescence is quenched for the different D-π-A conjugates, from which we conclude that the deactivation mechanisms of the excited singlet states are based on photoinduced energy- and/or electron transfer processes between H2P/ZnP and C60, mediated through the molecular spacers. The fluorescence intensity decreases and the fluorescence lifetimes shorten as the spacer length decreases and as the spacer substitution changes. With the help of transient absorption spectroscopy, the formation of charge-separated states involving oxidized H2P/ZnP and reduced C60 was confirmed. Lifetimes of the corresponding charge-separated states, which ranged from ∼400 picoseconds to 165 nanoseconds, depend on the spacer length, the spacer substitution, and the solvent polarity. Interestingly, D-π-A conjugates containing the longest linkers did not necessarily exhibit the longest charge-separated state lifetimes. The distances between the electron donors and the acceptors were calculated by molecular modelling. The longest charge-separated state lifetime corresponded to the D-π-A conjugate with the longest electron donor-acceptor distance. Likewise, EPR measurements in frozen media revealed charge separated states in all the D-π-A conjugates investigated. A sharp peak with g values ∼2.000 was assigned to reduced C60, while a broader, less intense signal (g ∼ 2.003) was assigned to oxidized H2P/ZnP. On-off switching of the formation and decay of the charge-separated states was detected by EPR at 77 K by repeatedly turning the irradiation source on and off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina V Kirner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Danny Arteaga
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias Naturales , Universidad del Valle , A.A. 25360 Cali , Colombia
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Computer Chemistry Center , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Nuria Alegret
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43007 , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , ALCA and SENTAN , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Department of Bioinspired Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Korea
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias Naturales , Universidad del Valle , A.A. 25360 Cali , Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ortiz
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias Naturales , Universidad del Valle , A.A. 25360 Cali , Colombia
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Complutense 28040 , Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso , Texas 79968-0519 , USA
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , ALCA and SENTAN , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Department of Bioinspired Science , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Korea
- Faculty of Science and Technology , Meijo University and ALCA and SENTAN , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Tempaku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8502 , Japan
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Computer Chemistry Center , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstr. 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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34
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Zhu C, Wang X. Transport properties of the H2O@C60-dimer-based junction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:375301. [PMID: 26325223 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/37/375301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical predictions play an important role in finding potential applications in molecular electronics. Fullerenes have a number of potential applications, and the charge flow from a single C60 molecule to another becomes more versatile and more interesting after doping. Here, we report the conductance of two H2O@C60 molecules in series order and how the number of encapsulated water molecules influences the transport properties of the junction. Encapsulating an H2O molecule into one of the C60 cages increases the conductance of the dimer. Negative differential resistance is found in the dimer systems, and its peak-to-valley current ratio depends on the number of encapsulated H2O molecules. The conductance of the C60 dimer and the H2O@C60 dimer is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the C60 monomer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the conductance of the molecular junctions based on the H2O@C60 dimer can be tuned by moving the encapsulated H2O molecules. The conductance is H2O-position dependent. Our findings indicate that H2O@C60 can be used as a building block in C60-based molecular electronic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Zhu
- Spintronic and Electronic Materials Group, Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
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35
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Chen J, Wenger OS. Fluoride binding to an organoboron wire controls photoinduced electron transfer. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3582-3592. [PMID: 29511520 PMCID: PMC5659175 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the rates for long-range electron transfer can be controlled actively by tight anion binding to a rigid rod-like molecular bridge. Electron transfer from a triarylamine donor to a photoexcited Ru(bpy)32+ acceptor (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) across a 2,5-diboryl-1,4-phenylene bridge occurs within less than 10 ns in CH2Cl2 at 22 °C. Fluoride anions bind with high affinity to the organoboron bridge due to strong Lewis base/Lewis acid interactions, and this alters the electronic structure of the bridge drastically. Consequently, a large tunneling barrier is imposed on photoinduced electron transfer from the triarylamine to the Ru(bpy)32+ complex and hence this process occurs more than two orders of magnitude more slowly, despite the fact that its driving force is essentially unaffected by fluoride addition. Electron transfer rates in proteins could potentially be regulated via a similar fundamental principle, because interactions between charged amino acid side chains and counter-ions can modulate electronic couplings between distant redox partners. In artificial donor-bridge-acceptor compounds, external stimuli have been employed frequently to control electron transfer rates, but the approach of exploiting strong Lewis acid/Lewis base interactions to regulate the tunneling barrier height imposed by a rigid rod-like molecular bridge is conceptually novel and broadly applicable, because it is largely independent of the donor and the acceptor, and because the effect is not based on a change of the driving-force for electron transfer. The principle demonstrated here can potentially be used to switch between conducting and insulating states of molecular wires between electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland .
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures , Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , People's Republic of China
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland .
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36
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Gilbert Gatty M, Kahnt A, Esdaile LJ, Hutin M, Anderson HL, Albinsson B. Hopping versus Tunneling Mechanism for Long-Range Electron Transfer in Porphyrin Oligomer Bridged Donor–Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7598-611. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Gilbert Gatty
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Louisa J. Esdaile
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Hutin
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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37
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Kobori Y, Miura T. Overcoming Coulombic Traps: Geometry and Electronic Characterizations of Light-Induced Separated Spins at the Bulk Heterojunction Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:113-123. [PMID: 26263099 DOI: 10.1021/jz5023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress is overviewed on experimental elucidations of fundamental molecular functions of the light-energy conversions by the photoactive layers of the organic photovoltalic (OPV) cells by means of the time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Positions and orientations of the unpaired electrons and electronic coupling matrix elements are clarified in photoinduced, primary charge-separated (CS) states. Connections between the molecular geometries and the electronic couplings have been characterized for the initial CS states to elucidate how the structure, orbital delocalization, and molecular libration play roles on exothermic carrier dissociation via a vibrationally relaxed charge-transfer complex with prevention of the energy-wasting charge recombination. Superior functions to biological molecules are presented for the efficient photocurrent generations induced by orbital delocalization and by shallow trap depths at polymer-stacking domains. The above structural and electronic characteristics of the primary electron-hole pairs are essential to evaluations, designs, and developments of the efficient solar cells using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kobori
- §Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- †PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taku Miura
- §Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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38
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Zhang YZ, Ferko P, Siretanu D, Ababei R, Rath NP, Shaw MJ, Clérac R, Mathonière C, Holmes SM. Thermochromic and Photoresponsive Cyanometalate Fe/Co Squares: Toward Control of the Electron Transfer Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16854-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508280n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Siretanu
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Rodica Ababei
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Michael J. Shaw
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern Illinois at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, United States
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Corine Mathonière
- CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
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39
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Electron transfer through rigid organic molecular wires enhanced by electronic and electron–vibration coupling. Nat Chem 2014; 6:899-905. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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40
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Ronca E, Angeli C, Belpassi L, De Angelis F, Tarantelli F, Pastore M. Density Relaxation in Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory: Combining Relaxed Density Natural Orbitals and Multireference Perturbation Theories for an Improved Description of Excited States. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:4014-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ct5004675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ronca
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Celestino Angeli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via Borsari 46, I-44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Pastore
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
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41
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Gorczak N, Tarkuç S, Renaud N, Houtepen AJ, Eelkema R, Siebbeles LDA, Grozema FC. Different Mechanisms for Hole and Electron Transfer along Identical Molecular Bridges: The Importance of the Initial State Delocalization. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3891-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500839t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gorczak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2629 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Simge Tarkuç
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2629 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Renaud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2629 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2629 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2629 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2629 BL, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2629 BL, The Netherlands
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42
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Miura T, Aikawa M, Kobori Y. Time-Resolved EPR Study of Electron-Hole Dissociations Influenced by Alkyl Side Chains at the Photovoltaic Polyalkylthiophene:PCBM Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:30-35. [PMID: 26276177 DOI: 10.1021/jz402300m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy has been utilized at T = 77 K to characterize alkyl side-chain effects on geometries and on the electronic couplings (VCR) of transient charge-separated (CS) states in the photoactive layers fabricated by the spin-coating of mixed solutions of regioregular polyalkylthiophenes (RR-P3AT) and [6,6]-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). By increasing the alkyl side-chain number from 6 to 12 in P3AT, a highly distant and long-lived CS state has been obtained. This result is explained by a coupling of the hole dissociation to the polymer librations by the side-chains. From an exponential decay of VCR with respect to the CS distance, the attenuation factor (βe) has been determined to be βe = 0.2 Å(-1). Such a long-range tunneling feature is explained by the generations of the shallowly trapped, delocalized electron-hole pairs by the dissociation of the hole toward π-stacking directions at the organic photovoltaic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Miura
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Motoko Aikawa
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- §PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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43
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Sazanovich IV, Best J, Scattergood PA, Towrie M, Tikhomirov SA, Bouganov OV, Meijer AJHM, Weinstein JA. Ultrafast photoinduced charge transport in Pt(ii) donor–acceptor assembly bearing naphthalimide electron acceptor and phenothiazine electron donor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25775-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03995e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pt(ii)-based molecular triad engages in step-wise photoinduced charge-separation; the charge recombination occurs through-space via two distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Sazanovich
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield, UK
- Central Laser Facility
- Research Complex at Harwell
| | - Jonathan Best
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility
- Research Complex at Harwell
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Chilton, UK
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Kirk ML, Shultz DA, Stasiw DE, Lewis GF, Wang G, Brannen CL, Sommer RD, Boyle PD. Superexchange Contributions to Distance Dependence of Electron Transfer/Transport: Exchange and Electronic Coupling in Oligo(para-Phenylene)- and Oligo(2,5-Thiophene)-Bridged Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Biradical Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17144-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Kirk
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03
2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - David A. Shultz
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2200 Hillsborough, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Daniel E. Stasiw
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2200 Hillsborough, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Geoffrey F. Lewis
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2200 Hillsborough, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2200 Hillsborough, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Candice L. Brannen
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2200 Hillsborough, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2200 Hillsborough, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Paul D. Boyle
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2200 Hillsborough, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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45
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Gidron O, Diskin-Posner Y, Bendikov M. High Charge Delocalization and Conjugation in Oligofuran Molecular Wires. Chemistry 2013; 19:13140-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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King PW. Designing interfaces of hydrogenase–nanomaterial hybrids for efficient solar conversion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:949-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Schubert C, Wielopolski M, Mewes LH, de Miguel Rojas G, van der Pol C, Moss KC, Bryce MR, Moser JE, Clark T, Guldi DM. Precise Control of Intramolecular Charge-Transport: The Interplay of Distance and Conformational Effects. Chemistry 2013; 19:7575-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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49
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Elmalem E, Biedermann F, Johnson K, Friend RH, Huck WTS. Synthesis and Photophysics of Fully π-Conjugated Heterobis-Functionalized Polymeric Molecular Wires via Suzuki Chain-Growth Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17769-77. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3080677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Einat Elmalem
- Melville Laboratory
for Polymer
Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Melville Laboratory
for Polymer
Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Kerr Johnson
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ
Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ
Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Melville Laboratory
for Polymer
Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg, 135 6525
AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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50
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Tsuchiya T, Jakubikova E. Role of Noncoplanar Conformation in Facilitating Ground State Hole Transfer in Oxidized Porphyrin Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10107-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307285z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United
States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United
States
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