1
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Toratani K, Watanabe M, Kanda J, Oka T, Hyuga M, Arai Y, Iwasaki M, Sakurada M, Nannya Y, Ogawa S, Yamada T, Takaori-Kondo A. Unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for familial platelet disorder/acute myeloid leukemia with germline RUNX1 mutations. Int J Hematol 2023; 118:400-405. [PMID: 36897502 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in RUNX1 result in rare autosomal-dominant familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD/AML). As genetic analysis is becoming increasingly prevalent, the diagnosis rate of FPD/AML is expected to increase. In this report, we present two pedigrees, one diagnosed molecularly and another highly suspected to be FPD/AML, whose members both received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Both pedigrees had a family history of thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and hematological malignancies. One family inherited a frameshift mutation (p.P240fs) of RUNX1, a known pathogenic variant. Another family inherited a point mutation (p.G168R) in the runt-homology domain, the clinical significance of which is uncertain at this point. As this mutation was completely absent from all population databases and had a relatively high REVEL score of 0.947, we thought that it would be dangerous to ignore its possible pathogenicity. Consequently, we avoided choosing HSCT donors from relatives of both families and performed HSCT from unrelated donors. In conclusion, our experience with two families of FPD/AML highlights the importance of searching for gene mutations associated with germline predisposition and indicates the necessity of developing a donor coordination system for FPD/AML patients, as well as a support system for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Toratani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mizuki Watanabe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Kanda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Oka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hyuga
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Iwasaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Maki Sakurada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Hematopoietic Disease Control, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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2
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Kellaway SG, Coleman DJL, Cockerill PN, Raghavan M, Bonifer C. Molecular Basis of Hematological Disease Caused by Inherited or Acquired RUNX1 Mutations. Exp Hematol 2022; 111:1-12. [PMID: 35341804 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX1 is essential for correct hematopoietic development; in its absence in the germ line, blood stem cells are not formed. RUNX1 orchestrates dramatic changes in the chromatin landscape at the onset of stem cell formation, which set the stage for both stem self-renewal and further differentiation. However, once blood stem cells are formed, the mutation of the RUNX1 gene is not lethal but can lead to various hematopoietic defects and a predisposition to cancer. Here we summarize the current literature on inherited and acquired RUNX1 mutations, with a particular emphasis on mutations that alter the structure of the RUNX1 protein itself, and place these changes in the context of what is known about RUNX1 function. We also summarize which mutant RUNX1 proteins are actually expressed in cells and discuss the molecular mechanism underlying how such variants reprogram the epigenome setting stem cells on the path to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie G Kellaway
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Daniel J L Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter N Cockerill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manoj Raghavan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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3
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Wu HC, Rérolle D, de Thé H. PML/RARA destabilization by hyperthermia: a new model for oncogenic fusion protein degradation? Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:300-301. [PMID: 34230915 PMCID: PMC7611121 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue, Maimaitiyiming and colleagues demonstrate thermic stress-induced PML/RARA oncogenic fusion protein destabilization driven by corepressor aggregation. Hyperthermia synergizes with PML/RARA degradation by ATO and may circumvent ATO-resistance in historical APL patients. This novel approach could be extended to other corepressor-associated oncogenic fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Chieh Wu
- Collège de France, Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, PSL University, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Domitille Rérolle
- Collège de France, Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, PSL University, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, PSL University, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France.
- INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Université de Paris, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Saint Louis (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris) and Paris University, Paris, France
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4
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Zhao M, Wang J, Qu M, Zhao Y, Wang H, Ke Y, Liu Y, Lei ZN, Liu HM, Hu Z, Wei L, Chen ZS. OGP46 Induces Differentiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Different Optimal Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652972. [PMID: 33748146 PMCID: PMC7969801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is characterized by blockage of cell differentiation leading to the accumulation of immature cells, which is the most prevalent form of acute leukemia in adults. It is well known that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) are the preferred drugs for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, they can lead to irreversible resistance which may be responsible for clinical failure after complete remission (CR). Moreover, the differentiation therapy of ATRA-based treatment has not been effective against AML with t(8;21) translocation. Here we aimed to identify the differentiation effect of OGP46 on AML cell lines (HL-60, NB4, and Kasumi-1) and explore its possible mechanisms. We found that OGP46 has significant inhibitory activity against these cells by triggering cell differentiation with cell-cycle exit at G1/G0 and inhibited the colony-formation capacity of the AML cells. It was shown that OGP46 induced the differentiation of NB4 cells via the transcriptional misregulation in cancer signaling pathway by PML-RARα depletion, while it was attributed to the hematopoietic cell lineage and phagosome pathway in Kasumi-1 cells, which are all critical pathways in cell differentiation. These results highlight that OGP46 is an active agent not only in the APL cell line NB4 but also in AML-M2 cell lines, especially Kasumi-1 with t(8;21) translocation. Therefore, OGP46 may be a potential compound for surmounting the differentiation blockage in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Mei Qu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenbo Hu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Liuya Wei
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Rose JT, Moskovitz E, Boyd JR, Gordon JA, Bouffard NA, Fritz AJ, Illendula A, Bushweller JH, Lian JB, Stein JL, Zaidi SK, Stein GS. Inhibition of the RUNX1-CBFβ transcription factor complex compromises mammary epithelial cell identity: a phenotype potentially stabilized by mitotic gene bookmarking. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2512-2530. [PMID: 32655837 PMCID: PMC7335667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 has recently been shown to play an important role in determination of mammary epithelial cell identity. However, mechanisms by which loss of the RUNX1 transcription factor in mammary epithelial cells leads to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are not known. Here, we report that interaction between RUNX1 and its heterodimeric partner CBFβ is essential for sustaining mammary epithelial cell identity. Disruption of RUNX1-CBFβ interaction, DNA binding, and association with mitotic chromosomes alters cell morphology, global protein synthesis, and phenotype-related gene expression. During interphase, RUNX1 is organized as punctate, predominantly nuclear, foci that are dynamically redistributed during mitosis, with a subset localized to mitotic chromosomes. Genome-wide RUNX1 occupancy profiles for asynchronous, mitotically enriched, and early G1 breast epithelial cells reveal RUNX1 associates with RNA Pol II-transcribed protein coding and long non-coding RNA genes and RNA Pol I-transcribed ribosomal genes critical for mammary epithelial proliferation, growth, and phenotype maintenance. A subset of these genes remains occupied by the protein during the mitosis to G1 transition. Together, these findings establish that the RUNX1-CBFβ complex is required for maintenance of the normal mammary epithelial phenotype and its disruption leads to EMT. Importantly, our results suggest, for the first time, that RUNX1 mitotic bookmarking of a subset of epithelial-related genes may be an important epigenetic mechanism that contributes to stabilization of the mammary epithelial cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Eliana Moskovitz
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Joseph R. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicole A. Bouffard
- Microscopy Imaging Center at the Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Andrew J. Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John H. Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sayyed K. Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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6
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Choi JS, Ilin Y, Kraft ML, Harley BAC. Tracing Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Neutrophilic Differentiation via Raman Spectroscopy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3121-3128. [PMID: 30148625 PMCID: PMC6346746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge to experimental studies and therapeutic uses of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is the limited options for analytical tools that can reliably resolve functional differences in heterogeneous HSC subpopulations at the single cell level. Currently available methods require the use of external labels and/or separate clonogenic and transplantation assays to identify bona fide stem cells, necessitating the harvest of bulk cell populations and long incubation times that obscure how individual HSCs dynamically respond to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. In this study, we employ Raman spectroscopy to noninvasively resolve the dynamics of individual differentiating hematopoietic progenitor cells during the course of neutrophilic differentiation. We collected Raman peaks of individual cells daily over the course of 14-day neutrophilic differentiation. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the Raman peaks revealed spectral differences between individual cells during differentiation that were strongly correlated with changes in the nucleus shape and surface antigen expression, the primary traditional means of monitoring neutrophilic differentiation. Additionally, our results were consistently reproducible in independent rounds of neutrophilic differentiation, as demonstrated by our partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the Raman spectral information that predicted the degree of neutrophilic differentiation with high sensitivity and specificity. Our findings highlight the utility and reliability of Raman spectroscopy as a robust molecular imaging tool to monitor the kinetics of HSC differentiation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Choi
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yelena Ilin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mary L. Kraft
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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7
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Pulikkan JA, Hegde M, Ahmad HM, Belaghzal H, Illendula A, Yu J, O'Hagan K, Ou J, Muller-Tidow C, Wolfe SA, Zhu LJ, Dekker J, Bushweller JH, Castilla LH. CBFβ-SMMHC Inhibition Triggers Apoptosis by Disrupting MYC Chromatin Dynamics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell 2018; 174:172-186.e21. [PMID: 29958106 PMCID: PMC6211564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The fusion oncoprotein CBFβ-SMMHC, expressed in leukemia cases with chromosome 16 inversion, drives leukemia development and maintenance by altering the activity of the transcription factor RUNX1. Here, we demonstrate that CBFβ-SMMHC maintains cell viability by neutralizing RUNX1-mediated repression of MYC expression. Upon pharmacologic inhibition of the CBFβ-SMMHC/RUNX1 interaction, RUNX1 shows increased binding at three MYC distal enhancers, where it represses MYC expression by mediating the replacement of the SWI/SNF complex component BRG1 with the polycomb-repressive complex component RING1B, leading to apoptosis. Combining the CBFβ-SMMHC inhibitor with the BET inhibitor JQ1 eliminates inv(16) leukemia in human cells and a mouse model. Enhancer-interaction analysis indicated that the three enhancers are physically connected with the MYC promoter, and genome-editing analysis demonstrated that they are functionally implicated in deregulation of MYC expression. This study reveals a mechanism whereby CBFβ-SMMHC drives leukemia maintenance and suggests that inhibitors targeting chromatin activity may prove effective in inv(16) leukemia therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Azepines/pharmacology
- Azepines/therapeutic use
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/chemistry
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Chromosome Inversion/drug effects
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/chemistry
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- John Anto Pulikkan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hafiz Mohd Ahmad
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Houda Belaghzal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey O'Hagan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Muller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Scot A Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Job Dekker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John Hackett Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lucio Hernán Castilla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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8
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An AML1-ETO/miR-29b-1 regulatory circuit modulates phenotypic properties of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39994-40005. [PMID: 28611288 PMCID: PMC5522207 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an aggressive clinical course and frequent cytogenetic abnormalities that include specific chromosomal translocations. The 8;21 chromosomal rearrangement disrupts the key hematopoietic RUNX1 transcription factor, and contributes to leukemia through recruitment of co-repressor complexes to RUNX1 target genes, altered subnuclear localization, and deregulation of the myeloid gene regulatory program. However, a role of non-coding microRNAs (miRs) in t(8;21)-mediated leukemogenesis is minimally understood. We present evidence of an interplay between the tumor suppressor miR-29b-1 and the AML1-ETO (also designated RUNX1-RUNX1T1) oncogene that is encoded by the t(8;21). We find that AML1-ETO and corepressor NCoR co-occupy the miR-29a/b-1 locus and downregulate its expression in leukemia cells. Conversely, re-introduction of miR-29b-1 in leukemia cells expressing AML1-ETO causes significant downregulation at the protein level through direct targeting of the 3’ untranslated region of the chimeric transcript. Restoration of miR-29b-1 expression in leukemia cells results in decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis. The AML1-ETO-dependent differentiation block and transcriptional program are partially reversed by miR-29b-1. Our findings establish a novel regulatory circuit between the tumor-suppressive miR-29b-1 and the oncogenic AML1-ETO that controls the leukemic phenotype in t(8;21)-carrying acute myeloid leukemia.
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9
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Zhao H, Wang X, Yi P, Si Y, Tan P, He J, Yu S, Ren Y, Ma Y, Zhang J, Wang D, Wang F, Yu J. KSRP specifies monocytic and granulocytic differentiation through regulating miR-129 biogenesis and RUNX1 expression. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1428. [PMID: 29127290 PMCID: PMC5681548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) integrate the processing of RNAs into post-transcriptional gene regulation, but the direct contribution of them to myeloid cell specification is poorly understood. Here, we report the first global RBP transcriptomic analysis of myeloid differentiation by combining RNA-seq analysis with myeloid induction in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. The downregulated expression of the KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein (KSRP) during monocytopoiesis and up-regulated expression during granulopoiesis suggests that KSRP has divergent roles during monocytic and granulocytic differentiation. A further comparative analysis of miRNA transcripts reveals that KSRP promotes the biogenesis of miR-129, and the expression patterns and roles of miR-129 in myeloid differentiation are equivalent to those of KSRP. Finally, miR-129 directly blocks the expression of Runt Related Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1), which evokes transcriptional modulation by RUNX1. Based on our findings, KSRP, miR-129, and RUNX1 participate in a regulatory axis to control the outcome of myeloid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yanmin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Puwen Tan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jinrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yanni Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Junwu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China.
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10
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Schmit JM, Turner DJ, Hromas RA, Wingard JR, Brown RA, Li Y, Li MM, Slayton WB, Cogle CR. Two novel RUNX1 mutations in a patient with congenital thrombocytopenia that evolved into a high grade myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res Rep 2015; 4:24-7. [PMID: 25893166 PMCID: PMC4398854 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report two new RUNX1 mutations in one patient with congenital thrombocytopenia that transformed into a high grade myelodysplastic syndrome with myelomonocytic features. The first mutation was a nucleotide base substitution from guanine to adenine within exon 8, resulting in a nonsense mutation in the DNA-binding inhibitory domain of the Runx1 protein. This nonsense mutation is suspected a de novo germline mutation since both parents are negative for the mutation. The second mutation identified was an in-frame six nucleotide base pair insertion in exon 5 of the RUNX1 gene, which is predicted to result in an insertion in the DNA-binding runt homology domain (RHD). This mutation is believed to be a somatic mutation as it was mosaic before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and disappeared after transplant. As no other genetic mutation was found using genetic screening, it is speculated that the combined effect of these two RUNX1 mutations may have exerted a stronger dominant negative effect than either RUNX1 mutation alone, thus leading to a myeloid malignancy. We report two new RUNX1 mutations in a patient with thrombocytopenia and MDS. We demonstrate that a second hit to RUNX1 results in transformed MDS. Allogeneic transplant was successfully used to treat double RUNX1 mutant MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Schmit
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel J Turner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John R Wingard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Randy A Brown
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marilyn M Li
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William B Slayton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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A germline point mutation in Runx1 uncouples its role in definitive hematopoiesis from differentiation. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:980-991.e1. [PMID: 23823022 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Definitive hematopoiesis requires the master hematopoietic transcription factor Runx1, which is a frequent target of leukemia-related chromosomal translocations. Several of the translocation-generated fusion proteins retain the DNA binding activity of Runx1, but lose subnuclear targeting and associated transactivation potential. Complete loss of these functions in vivo resembles Runx1 ablation, which causes embryonic lethality. We developed a knock-in mouse that expresses full-length Runx1 with a mutation in the subnuclear targeting cofactor interaction domain, Runx1(HTY350-352AAA). Mutant mice survive to adulthood, and hematopoietic stem cell emergence appears to be unaltered. However, defects are observed in multiple differentiated hematopoietic lineages at stages where Runx1 is known to play key roles. Thus, a germline mutation in Runx1 reveals uncoupling of its functions during developmental hematopoiesis from subsequent differentiation across multiple hematopoietic lineages in the adult. These findings indicate that subnuclear targeting and cofactor interactions with Runx1 are important in many compartments throughout hematopoietic differentiation.
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12
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Zaidi SK, Trombly DJ, Dowdy CR, Lian JB, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ, Stein GS. Epigenetic mechanisms in leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 52:369-376. [PMID: 22884030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Focal organization of regulatory machinery within the interphase nucleus is linked to biological responsiveness and perturbed in cancer. Lineage determinant Runx proteins organize and assemble multi-protein complexes at sites of transcription within the nucleus and regulate both RNA polymerase II- and I-mediated gene expression. In addition, Runx proteins epigenetically control lineage determining transcriptional programs including: 1) architectural organization of macromolecular complexes in interphase, 2) regulation of gene expression through bookmarking during mitosis, and 3) microRNA-mediated translational control in the interphase nucleus. These mechanisms are compromised with the onset and progression of cancer. For example, the oncogenic AML1-ETO protein, which results from a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 21, is expressed in nearly 25% of all acute myelogenous leukemias, disrupts Runx1 subnuclear localization during interphase and compromises transcriptional regulation. Epigenetically, the leukemic protein redirects the Runx1 DNA binding domain to leukemia-specific nuclear microenvironments, modifies regulatory protein accessibility to Runx1 target genes by imprinting repressive chromatin marks, and deregulates the microRNA (miR) profile of diseased myeloid cells. Consequently, the entire Runx1-dependent transcriptional program of myeloid cells is deregulated leading to onset and progression of acute myeloid leukemia and maintenance of leukemic phenotype. We discuss the potential of modified epigenetic landscape of leukemic cells as a viable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. N., Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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13
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Functional features of RUNX1 mutants in acute transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia and their contribution to inducing murine full-blown leukemia. Blood 2012; 119:2873-82. [PMID: 22318203 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-370981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL fusion protein generated by t(9;22)(q34;q11) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of the myeloproliferative disorder status at the chronic phase of the disease, but progression from the chronic phase to blast crisis (BC) is believed to require additional mutations. To explore the underlying mechanisms for BC, which is characterized by a blockage of blood cell differentiation, we screened several genes crucial to hematopoiesis and identified 10 types of mutations in RUNX1 among 11 of 85 (12.9%) patients with acute transformation of CML. Most of the mutations occurred in the runt homology domain, including H78Q, W79C, R139G, D171G, R174Q, L71fs-ter94, and V91fs-ter94. Further studies indicated that RUNX1 mutants not only exhibited decreased transactivation activity but also had an inhibitory effect on the WT RUNX1. To investigate the leukemogenic effect of mutated RUNX1, H78Q and V91fs-ter94 were transduced into 32D cells or BCR-ABL-harboring murine cells, respectively. Consistent with the myeloblastic features of advanced CML patients with RUNX1 mutations, H78Q and V91fs-ter94 disturbed myeloid differentiation and induced a BC or accelerated phase-like phenotype in mice. These results suggest that RUNX1 abnormalities may promote acute myeloid leukemic transformation in a subset of CML patients.
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14
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Stein GS, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ, Lian JB, Zaidi SK, Nickerson JA, Montecino MA, Young DW. An architectural genetic and epigenetic perspective. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:297-303. [PMID: 21184003 PMCID: PMC3251170 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The organization and intranuclear localization of nucleic acids and regulatory proteins contribute to both genetic and epigenetic parameters of biological control. Regulatory machinery in the cell nucleus is functionally compartmentalized in microenvironments (focally organized sites where regulatory factors reside) that provide threshold levels of factors required for transcription, replication, repair and cell survival. The common denominator for nuclear organization of regulatory machinery is that each component of control is architecturally configured and every component of control is embedded in architecturally organized networks that provide an infrastructure for integration and transduction of regulatory signals. It is realistic to anticipate emerging mechanisms that account for the organization and assembly of regulatory complexes within the cell nucleus can provide novel options for cancer diagnosis and therapy with maximal specificity, reduced toxicity and minimal off-target complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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15
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Churpek JE, Garcia JS, Madzo J, Jackson SA, Onel K, Godley LA. Identification and molecular characterization of a novel 3′ mutation in RUNX1 in a family with familial platelet disorder. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 51:1931-5. [PMID: 20846103 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.503821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Bakshi R, Hassan MQ, Pratap J, Lian JB, Montecino MA, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Imbalzano AN, Stein GS. The human SWI/SNF complex associates with RUNX1 to control transcription of hematopoietic target genes. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:569-76. [PMID: 20506188 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1, RUNX1) transcription factor is a key regulator of hematopoietic differentiation that forms multi-protein complexes with co-regulatory proteins. These complexes are assembled at target gene promoters in nuclear microenvironments to mediate phenotypic gene expression and chromatin-related epigenetic modifications. Here, immunofluorescence microscopy and biochemical assays are used to show that RUNX1 associates with the human ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. The SWI/SNF subunits BRG1 and INI1 bind in vivo to RUNX1 target gene promoters (e.g., GMCSF, IL3, MCSF-R, MIP, and p21). These interactions correlate with histone modifications characteristic of active chromatin, including acetylated H4 and dimethylated H3 lysine 4. Downregulation of RUNX1 by RNA interference diminishes the binding of BRG1 and INI1 at selected target genes. Taken together, our findings indicate that RUNX1 interacts with the human SWI/SNF complex to control hematopoietic-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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17
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Architectural epigenetics: mitotic retention of mammalian transcriptional regulatory information. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:4758-66. [PMID: 20696837 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00646-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory information must be retained during mammalian cell division to sustain phenotype-specific and physiologically responsive gene expression in the progeny cells. Histone modifications, DNA methylation, and RNA-mediated silencing are well-defined epigenetic mechanisms that control the cellular phenotype by regulating gene expression. Recent results suggest that the mitotic retention of nuclease hypersensitivity, selective histone marks, as well as the lineage-specific transcription factor occupancy of promoter elements contribute to the epigenetic control of sustained cellular identity in progeny cells. We propose that these mitotic epigenetic signatures collectively constitute architectural epigenetics, a novel and essential mechanism that conveys regulatory information to sustain the control of phenotype and proliferation in progeny cells by bookmarking genes for activation or suppression.
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18
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Mitotic bookmarking of genes: a novel dimension to epigenetic control. Nat Rev Genet 2010; 11:583-9. [PMID: 20628351 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory machinery is focally organized in the interphase nucleus. The information contained in these focal nuclear microenvironments must be inherited during cell division to sustain physiologically responsive gene expression in progeny cells. Recent results suggest that focal mitotic retention of phenotypic transcription factors at promoters together with histone modifications and DNA methylation--a mechanism collectively known as gene bookmarking--is a novel parameter of inherited epigenetic control that sustains cellular identity after mitosis. The epigenetic signatures imposed by bookmarking poise genes for activation or suppression following mitosis. We discuss the implications of phenotypic transcription factor retention on mitotic chromosomes in biological control and disease.
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19
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Dowdy CR, Xie R, Frederick D, Hussain S, Zaidi SK, Vradii D, Javed A, Li X, Jones SN, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS. Definitive hematopoiesis requires Runx1 C-terminal-mediated subnuclear targeting and transactivation. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 19:1048-57. [PMID: 20035012 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Runx1 is a key hematopoietic transcription factor required for definitive hematopoiesis and is a frequent target of leukemia-related chromosomal translocations. The resulting fusion proteins, while retaining DNA binding activity, display loss of subnuclear targeting and associated transactivation functions encoded by the C-terminus of the protein. To define the precise contribution of the Runx1 C-terminus in development and leukemia, we created a knock-in mouse with a C-terminal truncation by introducing a single nucleic acid substitution in the native Runx1 locus. This mutation (Runx1(Q307X)) models genetic lesions observed in patients with leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders. The Runx1(Q307X) homozygous mouse exhibits embryonic lethality at E12.5 due to central nervous system hemorrhages and a complete lack of hematopoietic stem cell function. While able to bind DNA, Runx1(Q307X) is unable to activate target genes, resulting in deregulation of various hematopoietic markers. Thus, we demonstrate that the subnuclear targeting and transcriptional regulatory activities of the Runx1 C-terminus are critical for hematopoietic development. We propose that compromising the C-terminal functions of Runx1 is a common mechanism for the pathological consequences of a variety of somatic mutations and Runx1-related leukemic fusion proteins observed in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Dowdy
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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20
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Stein GS, Stein JL, Van Wijnen AJ, Lian JB, Montecino M, Croce CM, Choi JY, Ali SA, Pande S, Hassan MQ, Zaidi SK, Young DW. Transcription factor-mediated epigenetic regulation of cell growth and phenotype for biological control and cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 50:160-7. [PMID: 19896493 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School and Cancer Center, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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21
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Zaidi SK, Dowdy CR, van Wijnen AJ, Lian JB, Raza A, Stein JL, Croce CM, Stein GS. Altered Runx1 subnuclear targeting enhances myeloid cell proliferation and blocks differentiation by activating a miR-24/MKP-7/MAPK network. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8249-55. [PMID: 19826043 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of Runx1/AML1 subnuclear localization, either by a single amino acid substitution or by a chromosomal translocation [e.g., t(8;21)], is linked to the etiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that this defect induces a select set of micro-RNAs (miR) in myeloid progenitor cells and AML patients with t(8;21). Both Runx1 and the t(8;21)-encoded AML1-ETO occupy the miR-24-23-27 locus and reciprocally control miR-24 transcription. miR-24 directly downregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-7 and enhances phosphorylation of both c-jun-NH(2)-kinase and p38 kinases. Expression of miR-24 stimulates myeloid cell growth, renders proliferation independent of interleukin-3, and blocks granulocytic differentiation. Thus, compromised Runx1 function induces a miR-dependent mechanism that, through MAPK signaling, enhances myeloid proliferation but blocks differentiation--key steps that contribute to leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School and Cancer Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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22
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Stein GS, Zaidi SK, Stein JL, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Montecino M, Young DW, Javed A, Pratap J, Choi JY, Ali SA, Pande S, Hassan MQ. Transcription-factor-mediated epigenetic control of cell fate and lineage commitment. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 87:1-6. [PMID: 19234518 DOI: 10.1139/o08-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic control is required to maintain competency for the activation and suppression of genes during cell division. The association between regulatory proteins and target gene loci during mitosis is a parameter of the epigenetic control that sustains the transcriptional regulatory machinery that perpetuates gene-expression signatures in progeny cells. The mitotic retention of phenotypic regulatory factors with cell cycle, cell fate, and tissue-specific genes supports the coordinated control that governs the proliferation and differentiation of cell fate and lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655-0002, USA.
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23
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Stein GS, Zaidi SK, Stein JL, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Montecino M, Young DW, Javed A, Pratap J, Choi JY, Ali SA, Pande S, Hassan MQ. Organization, integration, and assembly of genetic and epigenetic regulatory machinery in nuclear microenvironments: implications for biological control in cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1155:4-14. [PMID: 19250187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing awareness that the fidelity of gene expression necessitates coordination of transcription factor metabolism and organization of genes and regulatory proteins within the three-dimensional context of nuclear architecture. The regulatory machinery that governs genetic and epigenetic control of gene expression is compartmentalized in nuclear microenvironments. Temporal and spatial parameters of regulatory complex organization and assembly are functionally linked to biological control and are compromised with the onset and progression of tumorigenesis. High throughput imaging of cells, tissues, and tumors, including live cell analysis, is expanding research's capabilities toward translating components of nuclear organization into novel strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Stein
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
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24
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Feng J, Iwama A, Satake M, Kohu K. MicroRNA-27 enhances differentiation of myeloblasts into granulocytes by post-transcriptionally downregulating Runx1. Br J Haematol 2009; 145:412-23. [PMID: 19298589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the regulation of the transcription factor Runx1 by microRNA (miR)-27 and the resulting effects upon the differentiation of myeloblasts into granulocytes. When 32D.cl3 cell differentiation was induced using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3), Runx1 transcription was moderately downregulated, while Runx1 protein levels were completely inhibited, suggesting an involvement of post-transcriptional regulation. Simultaneously, levels of miR-27 and its precursor increased substantially. Reporter assays revealed that miR-27 targets the 3'UTR of the Runx1 transcript. Furthermore, introduction of pre-miR-27 alone into 32D.cl3 cells resulted in downregulation of Runx1 protein, thereby allowing the cell differentiation even in the absence of CSF3. Conversely, transduction of anti-miR-27 caused upregulation of Runx1 protein, thereby antagonizing the CSF3-mediated granulocyte differentiation. Finally, the CSF3-induced transcription factor C/EBPalpha enhanced transcription of a host gene of miR-27, C9orf3, via activation of its promoter. Thus, miR-27 enhances differentiation of myeloblasts into granulocytes via post-transcriptional downregulation of Runx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Feng
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Pande S, Ali SA, Dowdy C, Zaidi SK, Ito K, Ito Y, Montecino MA, Lian JB, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ, Stein GS. Subnuclear targeting of the Runx3 tumor suppressor and its epigenetic association with mitotic chromosomes. J Cell Physiol 2009; 218:473-9. [PMID: 19006109 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Runx proteins are tissue-specific transcriptional scaffolds that organize and assemble regulatory complexes at strategic sites of target gene promoters and at intranuclear foci to govern activation or repression. During interphase, fidelity of intranuclear targeting supports the biological activity of Runx1 and Runx2 proteins. Both factors regulate genes involved in cell cycle control and cell growth (e.g., rRNA genes), as well as lineage commitment. Here, we have examined the subcellular regulatory properties of the third Runx member, the tumor suppressor protein Runx3, during interphase and mitosis. Using in situ cellular and biochemical approaches we delineated a subnuclear targeting signal that directs Runx3 to discrete transcriptional foci that are nuclear matrix associated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results show that Runx3 occupies rRNA promoters during interphase. We also find that Runx3 remains associated with chromosomes during mitosis and localizes with nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), reflecting an interaction with epigenetic potential. Taken together, our study establishes that common mechanisms control the subnuclear distribution and activities of Runx1, Runx2, and Runx3 proteins to support RNA polymerase I and II mediated gene expression during interphase and mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Pande
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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26
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Bakshi R, Zaidi SK, Pande S, Hassan MQ, Young DW, Montecino M, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS. The leukemogenic t(8;21) fusion protein AML1-ETO controls rRNA genes and associates with nucleolar-organizing regions at mitotic chromosomes. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3981-90. [PMID: 19001502 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.033431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1/AML1 is required for definitive hematopoiesis and is frequently targeted by chromosomal translocations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The t(8;21)-related AML1-ETO fusion protein blocks differentiation of myeloid progenitors. Here, we show by immunofluorescence microscopy that during interphase, endogenous AML1-ETO localizes to nuclear microenvironments distinct from those containing native RUNX1/AML1 protein. At mitosis, we clearly detect binding of AML1-ETO to nucleolar-organizing regions in AML-derived Kasumi-1 cells and binding of RUNX1/AML1 to the same regions in Jurkat cells. Both RUNX1/AML1 and AML1-ETO occupy ribosomal DNA repeats during interphase, as well as interact with the endogenous RNA Pol I transcription factor UBF1. Promoter cytosine methylation analysis indicates that RUNX1/AML1 binds to rDNA repeats that are more highly CpG methylated than those bound by AML1-ETO. Downregulation by RNA interference reveals that RUNX1/AML1 negatively regulates rDNA transcription, whereas AML1-ETO is a positive regulator in Kasumi-1 cells. Taken together, our findings identify a novel role for the leukemia-related AML1-ETO protein in epigenetic control of cell growth through upregulation of ribosomal gene transcription mediated by RNA Pol I, consistent with the hyper-proliferative phenotype of myeloid cells in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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27
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Stein GS, Zaidi SK, Stein JL, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Montecino M, Young DW, Javed A, Pratap J, Choi JY, Ali SA, Pande S, Hassan MQ. Genetic and epigenetic regulation in nuclear microenvironments for biological control in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:2016-26. [PMID: 18615590 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory machinery that governs genetic and epigenetic control of gene expression is compartmentalized in nuclear microenvironments. Temporal and spatial parameters of regulatory complex organization and assembly are functionally linked to biological control and are compromised with the onset and progression of tumorigenesis providing a novel platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
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28
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Five new pedigrees with inherited RUNX1 mutations causing familial platelet disorder with propensity to myeloid malignancy. Blood 2008; 112:4639-45. [PMID: 18723428 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-156745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial platelet disorder with propensity to myeloid malignancy (FPD/AML) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by platelet abnormalities and a predisposition to myelodysplasia (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The disorder, caused by inherited mutations in RUNX1, is uncommon with only 14 pedigrees reported. We screened 10 families with a history of more than one first degree relative with MDS/AML for inherited mutations in RUNX1. Germ- line RUNX1 mutations were identified in 5 pedigrees with a 3:2 predominance of N-terminal mutations. Several affected members had normal platelet counts or platelet function, features not previously reported in FPD/AML. The median incidence of MDS/AML among carriers of RUNX1 mutation was 35%. Individual treatments varied but included hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from siblings before recognition of the inherited leukemogenic mutation. Transplantation was associated with a high incidence of complications including early relapse, failure of engraftment, and posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Given the small size of modern families and the clinical heterogeneity of this syndrome, the diagnosis of FPD/AML could be easily overlooked and may be more prevalent than previously recognized. Therefore, it would appear prudent to screen young patients with MDS/AML for RUNX1 mutation, before consideration of sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Kwok JC, Perdomo J, Chong BH. Identification of a monopartite sequence in PU.1 essential for nuclear import, DNA-binding and transcription of myeloid-specific genes. J Cell Biochem 2008; 101:1456-74. [PMID: 17340619 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ets transcription factor PU.1 is an essential regulator of normal hematopoiesis, especially within the myeloid lineage. As such, endogenous PU.1 predominantly localizes to the nucleus of mammalian cells to facilitate gene regulation. However, to date, little is known regarding the mechanisms of PU.1 nuclear transport. We found, using HeLa and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, that PU.1 enters the nucleus via passive diffusion and active transport. The latter can be facilitated by: (i) the classical pathway requiring importin alpha and beta; (ii) the non-classical pathway requiring only importin beta; or (iii) direct interaction with nucleoporins. A group of six positively charged lysine or arginine residues within the Ets DNA-binding domain was determined to be crucial in active nuclear import. These residues directly interact with importin beta to facilitate a predominantly non-classical import pathway. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that these same six amino acids are crucial for PU.1-mediated transcriptional activation of myeloid-specific genes. Indeed, these residues may represent a consensus sequence vital for nuclear import, DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of Ets family members. By identifying and characterizing the mechanisms of PU.1 nuclear import and the specific amino acids involved, this report may provide insights into the molecular basis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Kwok
- Centre for Thrombosis and Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Zaidi SK, Young DW, Javed A, Pratap J, Montecino M, van Wijnen A, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. Nuclear microenvironments in biological control and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:454-63. [PMID: 17522714 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids and regulatory proteins are compartmentalized in microenvironments within the nucleus. This subnuclear organization may support convergence and the integration of physiological signals for the combinatorial control of gene expression, DNA replication and repair. Nuclear organization is modified in many cancers. There are cancer-related changes in the composition, organization and assembly of regulatory complexes at intranuclear sites. Mechanistic insights into the temporal and spatial organization of machinery for gene expression within the nucleus, which is compromised in tumours, provide a novel platform for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed K Zaidi
- University of Massachusetts Medical School and UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Li D, Sinha KK, Hay MA, Rinaldi CR, Saunthararajah Y, Nucifora G. RUNX1-RUNX1 Homodimerization Modulates RUNX1 Activity and Function. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:13542-51. [PMID: 17355962 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700074200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 (AML1, CBFalpha2, PEBP2alphaB) is a transcription factor essential for the establishment of the hematopoietic stem cell. It is generally thought that RUNX1 exists as a monomer that regulates hematopoietic differentiation by interacting with tissue-specific factors and its DNA consensus through its N terminus. RUNX1 is frequently altered in human leukemia by gene fusions or point mutations. In general, these alterations do not affect the N terminus of the protein, and it is unclear how they consistently lead to hematopoietic transformation and leukemia. Here we report that RUNX1 homodimerizes through a mechanism involving C terminus-C terminus interaction. This RUNX1-RUNX1 interaction regulates the activity of the protein in reporter gene assays and modulates its ability to induce hematopoietic differentiation of hematopoietic cell lines. The promoters of genes regulated by RUNX1 often contain multiple RUNX1 binding sites. This arrangement suggests that RUNX1 could homodimerize to bring and hold together distant chromatin sites and factors and that if the dimerization region is removed by gene fusions or is altered by point mutations, as observed in leukemia, the ability of RUNX1 to regulate differentiation could be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Stein GS, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Javed A, Montecino M, Choi JY, Vradii D, Zaidi SK, Pratap J, Young D. Organization of transcriptional regulatory machinery in nuclear microenvironments: implications for biological control and cancer. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 2007; 47:242-50. [PMID: 17363043 PMCID: PMC2683591 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Ainscough JFX, Rahman FA, Sercombe H, Sedo A, Gerlach B, Coverley D. C-terminal domains deliver the DNA replication factor Ciz1 to the nuclear matrix. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:115-24. [PMID: 17182902 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cip1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (Ciz1) stimulates DNA replication in vitro and is required for mammalian cells to enter S phase. Here, we show that a significant proportion of Ciz1 is retained in nuclear foci following extraction with nuclease and high salt. This suggests that Ciz1 is normally immobilized by interaction with non-chromatin nuclear structures, consistent with the nuclear matrix. Furthermore, matrix-associated Ciz1 foci strikingly colocalize with sites of newly synthesized DNA in S phase nuclei, suggesting that Ciz1 is present in DNA replication factories. Analysis of green fluorescent protein-tagged fragments indicates that nuclear immobilization of Ciz1 is mediated by sequences in its C-terminal third, encoded within amino acids 708-830. Immobilization occurs in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, most probably during late G1 or early S phase, to coincide with its reported point of action. Although C-terminal domains are sufficient for immobilization, N-terminal domains are also required to specify focal organization. Combined with previous work, which showed that the DNA replication activity of Ciz1 is encoded by N-terminal sequences, we suggest that Ciz1 is composed of two functionally distinct domains: an N-terminal replication domain and a C-terminal nuclear matrix anchor. This could contribute to the formation or function of DNA replication factories in mammalian cells.
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Mikhail FM, Sinha KK, Saunthararajah Y, Nucifora G. Normal and transforming functions of RUNX1: a perspective. J Cell Physiol 2006; 207:582-93. [PMID: 16250015 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Converging studies from many investigators indicate that RUNX1 has a critical role in the correct maintenance of essential cellular functions during embryonic development and after birth. The discovery that this gene is also frequently mutated in human leukemia has increased the interest in the role that RUNX1 plays in both normal and transforming pathways. Here, we provide an overview of the many roles of RUNX1 in hematopoietic self-renewal and differentiation and summarize the information that is currently available on the many mechanisms of RUNX1 deregulation in human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady M Mikhail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Lian JB, Stein GS, Javed A, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Montecino M, Hassan MQ, Gaur T, Lengner CJ, Young DW. Networks and hubs for the transcriptional control of osteoblastogenesis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2006; 7:1-16. [PMID: 17051438 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-006-9001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present an overview of the concepts of tissue-specific transcriptional control mechanisms essential for development of the bone cell phenotype. BMP2 induced transcription factors constitute a network of activities and molecular switches for bone development and osteoblast differentiation. Among these regulators are Runx2 (Cbfa1/AML3), the principal osteogenic master gene for bone formation, as well as homeodomain proteins and osterix. Runx2 has multiple regulatory activities, including activation or repression of gene expression, and integration of biological signals from developmental cues, such as BMP/TGFbeta, Wnt and Src signaling pathways. Runx2 provides a new paradigm for transcriptional control by functioning as a principal scaffolding protein in nuclear microenvironments to control gene expression in response to physiologic signals (growth factors, cytokines and hormones). The protein serves as a hub for the coordination of activities essential for the expansion and differentiation of osteogenic lineage cells through the formation of co-regulatory protein complexes organized in subnuclear domains. Mechanisms by which Runx2 supports commitment to osteogenesis and determines cell fate involve its retention on mitotic chromosomes. Disruption of a unique protein module, the subnuclear targeting signal of Runx2, has profound effects on osteoblast differentiation and metastasis of cancer cells in the bone microenvironment. Runx2 target genes include regulators of cell growth control, components of the bone extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and signaling proteins for development of the osteoblast phenotype and bone turnover. The specificity of Runx2 regulatory activities provides a basis for novel therapeutic strategies to correct bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane B Lian
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Choi Y, Elagib KE, Delehanty LL, Goldfarb AN. Erythroid inhibition by the leukemic fusion AML1-ETO is associated with impaired acetylation of the major erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. Cancer Res 2006; 66:2990-6. [PMID: 16540647 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human acute myeloid leukemias with the t(8;21) translocation express the AML1-ETO fusion protein in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and show impairment in erythroid differentiation. This clinical finding is reproduced in multiple murine and cell culture model systems in which AML1-ETO specifically interferes with erythroid maturation. Using purified normal human early hematopoietic progenitor cells, we find that AML1-ETO impedes the earliest discernable steps of erythroid lineage commitment. Correspondingly, GATA-1, a central transcriptional regulator of erythroid differentiation, undergoes repression by AML1-ETO in a nonconventional histone deacetylase-independent manner. In particular, GATA-1 acetylation by its transcriptional coactivator, p300/CBP, a critical regulatory step in programming erythroid development, is efficiently blocked by AML1-ETO. Fusion of a heterologous E1A coactivator recruitment module to GATA-1 overrides the inhibitory effects of AML1-ETO on GATA-1 acetylation and transactivation. Furthermore, the E1A-GATA-1 fusion, but not wild-type GATA-1, rescues erythroid lineage commitment in primary human progenitors expressing AML1-ETO. These results ascribe a novel repressive mechanism to AML1-ETO, blockade of GATA-1 acetylation, which correlates with its inhibitory effects on primary erythroid lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Vessella RL, Guise TA, Susman ES, Suva LJ, Clines GA, Kominsky SL, Weber KL, Chirgwin JM, McCauley LK, Kozlow W. Meeting report from skeletal complications of malignancy IV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1138/20060203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Martins RP, Krawetz SA. Towards understanding the epigenetics of transcription by chromatin structure and the nuclear matrix. GENE THERAPY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 9:229-246. [PMID: 21243045 PMCID: PMC3021472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic nucleus houses a significant amount of information that is carefully ordered to ensure that genes can be transcribed as needed throughout development and differentiation. The genome is partitioned into regions containing functional transcription units, providing the means for the cell to selectively activate some, while keeping other regions of the genome silent. Over the last quarter of a century the structure of chromatin and how it is influenced by epigenetics has come into the forefront of modern biology. However, it has thus far failed to identify the mechanism by which individual genes or domains are selected for expression. Through covalent and structural modification of the DNA and chromatin proteins, epigenetics maintains both active and silent chromatin states. This is the "other" genetic code, often superseding that dictated by the nucleotide sequence. The nuclear matrix is rich in many of the factors that govern nuclear processes. It includes a host of unknown factors that may provide our first insight into the structural mechanism responsible for the genetic selectivity of a differentiating cell. This review will consider the nuclear matrix as an integral component of the epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pires Martins
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Stephen A. Krawetz
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Scientific Computing, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
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