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Ghasemi N, Azizi H. Exploring Myc puzzle: Insights into cancer, stem cell biology, and PPI networks. Gene 2024; 916:148447. [PMID: 38583818 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
"The grand orchestrator," "Universal Amplifier," "double-edged sword," and "Undruggable" are just some of the Myc oncogene so-called names. It has been around 40 years since the discovery of the Myc, and it remains in the mainstream of cancer treatment drugs. Myc is part of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) superfamily proteins, and its dysregulation can be seen in many malignant human tumors. It dysregulates critical pathways in cells that are connected to each other, such as proliferation, growth, cell cycle, and cell adhesion, impacts miRNAs action, intercellular metabolism, DNA replication, differentiation, microenvironment regulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Myc, surprisingly, is used in stem cell research too. Its family includes three members, MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, and each dysfunction was observed in different cancer types. This review aims to introduce Myc and its function in the body. Besides, Myc deregulatory mechanisms in cancer cells, their intricate aspects will be discussed. We will look at promising drugs and Myc-based therapies. Finally, Myc and its role in stemness, Myc pathways based on PPI network analysis, and future insights will be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghasemi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
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2
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Shukla K, Idanwekhai K, Naradikian M, Ting S, Schoenberger SP, Brunk E. Machine Learning of Three-Dimensional Protein Structures to Predict the Functional Impacts of Genome Variation. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5328-5343. [PMID: 38635316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Research in the human genome sciences generates a substantial amount of genetic data for hundreds of thousands of individuals, which concomitantly increases the number of variants of unknown significance (VUS). Bioinformatic analyses can successfully reveal rare variants and variants with clear associations with disease-related phenotypes. These studies have had a significant impact on how clinical genetic screens are interpreted and how patients are stratified for treatment. There are few, if any, computational methods for variants comparable to biological activity predictions. To address this gap, we developed a machine learning method that uses protein three-dimensional structures from AlphaFold to predict how a variant will influence changes to a gene's downstream biological pathways. We trained state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers to predict which protein regions will most likely impact transcriptional activities of two proto-oncogenes, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2L2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) and c-Myc. We have identified classifiers that attain accuracies higher than 80%, which have allowed us to identify a set of key protein regions that lead to significant perturbations in c-Myc or NRF2 transcriptional pathway activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Kelvin Idanwekhai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Martin Naradikian
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephanie Ting
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth Brunk
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences (IBGS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
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3
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Chen YJC, Bhaskara GB, Lu Y, Lin K, Dent SYR. The SAGA acetyltransferase module is required for the maintenance of MAF and MYC oncogenic gene expression programs in multiple myeloma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586811. [PMID: 38585845 PMCID: PMC10996596 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapeutic treatments, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy. Epigenetic factors contribute to the initiation, progression, relapse, and clonal heterogeneity in MM, but our knowledge on epigenetic mechanisms underlying MM development is far from complete. The SAGA complex serves as a coactivator in transcription and catalyzes acetylation and deubiquitylation. Analyses of datasets in the Cancer Dependency Map Project revealed many SAGA components are selective dependencies in MM. To define SAGA-specific functions, we focused on ADA2B, the only subunit in the lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) module that specifically functions in SAGA. Integration of RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and CUT&RUN results identified pathways directly regulated by ADA2B include MTORC1 signaling, MYC, E2F, and MM-specific MAF oncogenic programs. We discovered that ADA2B is recruited to MAF and MYC gene targets, and that MAF shares a majority of its targets with MYC in MM cells. Furthermore, we found the SANT domain of ADA2B is required for interaction with both GCN5 and PCAF acetyltransferases, incorporation into SAGA, and ADA2B protein stability. Our findings uncover previously unknown SAGA KAT module-dependent mechanisms controlling MM cell growth, revealing a vulnerability that might be exploited for future development of MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jiun C. Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Govinal Badiger Bhaskara
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon Y. R. Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Pallotta MM, Di Nardo M, Musio A. Synthetic Lethality between Cohesin and WNT Signaling Pathways in Diverse Cancer Contexts. Cells 2024; 13:608. [PMID: 38607047 PMCID: PMC11011321 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is a highly conserved ring-shaped complex involved in topologically embracing chromatids, gene expression regulation, genome compartmentalization, and genome stability maintenance. Genomic analyses have detected mutations in the cohesin complex in a wide array of human tumors. These findings have led to increased interest in cohesin as a potential target in cancer therapy. Synthetic lethality has been suggested as an approach to exploit genetic differences in cancer cells to influence their selective killing. In this study, we show that mutations in ESCO1, NIPBL, PDS5B, RAD21, SMC1A, SMC3, STAG2, and WAPL genes are synthetically lethal with stimulation of WNT signaling obtained following LY2090314 treatment, a GSK3 inhibitor, in several cancer cell lines. Moreover, treatment led to the stabilization of β-catenin and affected the expression of c-MYC, probably due to the occupancy decrease in cohesin at the c-MYC promoter. Finally, LY2090314 caused gene expression dysregulation mainly involving pathways related to transcription regulation, cell proliferation, and chromatin remodeling. For the first time, our work provides the underlying molecular basis for synthetic lethality due to cohesin mutations and suggests that targeting the WNT may be a promising therapeutic approach for tumors carrying mutated cohesin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Musio
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.P.); (M.D.N.)
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5
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Papadimitropoulou A, Makri M, Zoidis G. MYC the oncogene from hell: Novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116194. [PMID: 38340508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer comprises a heterogeneous disease, characterized by diverse features such as constitutive expression of oncogenes and/or downregulation of tumor suppressor genes. MYC constitutes a master transcriptional regulator, involved in many cellular functions and is aberrantly expressed in more than 70 % of human cancers. The Myc protein belongs to a family of transcription factors whose structural pattern is referred to as basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper. Myc binds to its partner, a smaller protein called Max, forming an Myc:Max heterodimeric complex that interacts with specific DNA recognition sequences (E-boxes) and regulates the expression of downstream target genes. Myc protein plays a fundamental role for the life of a cell, as it is involved in many physiological functions such as proliferation, growth and development since it controls the expression of a very large percentage of genes (∼15 %). However, despite the strict control of MYC expression in normal cells, MYC is often deregulated in cancer, exhibiting a key role in stimulating oncogenic process affecting features such as aberrant proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, genomic instability and oncogenic transformation. In this review we aim to meticulously describe the fundamental role of MYC in tumorigenesis and highlight its importance as an anticancer drug target. We focus mainly on the different categories of novel small molecules that act as inhibitors of Myc function in diverse ways hence offering great opportunities for an efficient cancer therapy. This knowledge will provide significant information for the development of novel Myc inhibitors and assist to the design of treatments that would effectively act against Myc-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Papadimitropoulou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Makri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771, Athens, Greece.
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Torres M, Mcconnaughie D, Akhtar S, Gaffney CE, Fievet B, Ingham C, Stockdale M, Dickson AJ. Engineering mammalian cell growth dynamics for biomanufacturing. Metab Eng 2024; 82:89-99. [PMID: 38325641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Precise control over mammalian cell growth dynamics poses a major challenge in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, we present a multi-level cell engineering strategy for the tunable regulation of growth phases in mammalian cells. Initially, we engineered mammalian death phase by employing CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, resulting in a substantial attenuation of apoptosis by improving cell viability and extending culture lifespan. The second phase introduced a growth acceleration system, akin to a "gas pedal", based on an abscidic acid inducible system regulating cMYC gene expression, enabling rapid cell density increase and cell cycle control. The third phase focused on a stationary phase inducing system, comparable to a "brake pedal". A tetracycline inducible genetic circuit based on BLIMP1 gene led to cell growth cessation and arrested cell cycle upon activation. Finally, we developed a dual controllable system, combining the "gas and brake pedals", enabling for dynamic and precise orchestration of mammalian cell growth dynamics. This work exemplifies the application of synthetic biology tools and combinatorial cell engineering, offering a sophisticated framework for manipulating mammalian cell growth and providing a unique paradigm for reprogramming cell behaviour for enhancing biopharmaceutical manufacturing and further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Torres
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Dewi Mcconnaughie
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samia Akhtar
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire E Gaffney
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bruno Fievet
- Horizon Discovery (Revvity), 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Catherine Ingham
- Horizon Discovery (Revvity), 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Mark Stockdale
- Horizon Discovery (Revvity), 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Zhou C, Ma H, Yu W, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Meng Y, Chen C, Zhang J, Shi G. ANP32B inhibition suppresses the growth of prostate cancer cells by regulating c-Myc signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 698:149543. [PMID: 38266312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
ANP32B is a histone chaperone that interacts with various transcription factors that regulate cancer cell proliferation, immigration, and apoptosis. c-Myc, a well-known oncogenic protein, is a principal player in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PC). The means by which ANP32B and c-Myc act remain unknown. We downloaded clinical data from the GEO, TCGA, and other databases to explore ANP32B expression and its effects on the survival of PC and normal tissues. ANP32B-knockdown cell lines were used to evaluate how ANP32B affected cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Gene set enrichment analysis and RNAseq were employed to define how ANP32B regulated PC pathways. Immunohistochemical measures were used to detect the expression levels of relevant proteins in xenografts and PC tissues. ANP32B expression increased in PC tissues; ANP32B knockdown inhibited cell growth but this was rescued by c-Myc signaling. ANP32B is thus a PC oncogene and may serve as a valuable therapeutic target when seeking to treat PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Hangbin Ma
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Wandong Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yinghao Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xuehu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yibo Meng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chenchen Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Guowei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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8
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Molina E, García-Gutiérrez L, Junco V, Perez-Olivares M, de Yébenes VG, Blanco R, Quevedo L, Acosta JC, Marín AV, Ulgiati D, Merino R, Delgado MD, Varela I, Regueiro JR, Moreno de Alborán I, Ramiro AR, León J. MYC directly transactivates CR2/CD21, the receptor of the Epstein-Barr virus, enhancing the viral infection of Burkitt lymphoma cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:3358-3370. [PMID: 37773203 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor dysregulated in about half of total human tumors. While transcriptomic studies reveal more than 1000 genes regulated by MYC, a much smaller fraction of genes is directly transactivated by MYC. Virtually all Burkitt lymphoma (BL) carry chromosomal translocations involving MYC oncogene. Most endemic BL and a fraction of sporadic BL are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The currently accepted mechanism is that EBV is the BL-causing agent inducing MYC translocation. Herein we show that the EBV receptor, CR2 (also called CD21), is a direct MYC target gene. This is based on several pieces of evidence: MYC induces CR2 expression in both proliferating and arrested cells and in the absence of protein synthesis, binds the CR2 promoter and transactivates CR2 in an E-box-dependent manner. Moreover, using mice with conditional MYC ablation we show that MYC induces CR2 in primary B cells. Importantly, modulation of MYC levels directly correlates with EBV's ability of infection in BL cells. Altogether, in contrast to the widely accepted hypothesis for the correlation between EBV and BL, we propose an alternative hypothesis in which MYC dysregulation could be the first event leading to the subsequent EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Molina
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Vanessa Junco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Perez-Olivares
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia G de Yébenes
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-CNIC Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Blanco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Laura Quevedo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan C Acosta
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana V Marín
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Ulgiati
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ramon Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M Dolores Delgado
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - José R Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Almudena R Ramiro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-CNIC Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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Kazimierska M, Podralska M, Żurawek M, Woźniak T, Kasprzyk ME, Sura W, Łosiewski W, Ziółkowska‐Suchanek I, Kluiver J, van den Berg A, Rozwadowska N, Dzikiewicz‐Krawczyk A. CRISPR/Cas9 screen for genome-wide interrogation of essential MYC-bound E-boxes in cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2295-2313. [PMID: 37519063 PMCID: PMC10620128 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is a proto-oncogene with a well-documented essential role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of several types of cancer. MYC binds to specific E-box sequences in the genome to regulate gene expression in a cell-type- and developmental-stage-specific manner. To date, a combined analysis of essential MYC-bound E-boxes and their downstream target genes important for growth of different types of cancer is missing. In this study, we designed a CRISPR/Cas9 library to destroy E-box sequences in a genome-wide fashion. In parallel, we used the Brunello library to knock out protein-coding genes. We performed high-throughput screens with these libraries in four MYC-dependent cancer cell lines-K562, ST486, HepG2, and MCF7-which revealed several essential E-boxes and genes. Among them, we pinpointed crucial common and cell-type-specific MYC-regulated genes involved in pathways associated with cancer development. Extensive validation of our approach confirmed that E-box disruption affects MYC binding, target-gene expression, and cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Our unique, well-validated tool opens new possibilities to gain novel insights into MYC-dependent vulnerabilities in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kazimierska
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Marta Podralska
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | | | - Tomasz Woźniak
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | | | - Weronika Sura
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | | | | | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenThe Netherlands
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Masood M, Ding Q, Cawte AD, Rueda DS, Grimm SW, Yagüe E, El-Bahrawy M. Genetic screening for anticancer genes highlights FBLN5 as a synthetic lethal partner of MYC. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:295. [PMID: 37864183 PMCID: PMC10588048 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When ectopically overexpressed, anticancer genes, such as TRAIL, PAR4 and ORCTL3, specifically destroy tumour cells without harming untransformed cells. Anticancer genes can not only serve as powerful tumour specific therapy tools but studying their mode of action can reveal mechanisms underlying the neoplastic transformation, sustenance and spread. METHODS Anticancer gene discovery is normally accidental. Here we describe a systematic, gain of function, forward genetic screen in mammalian cells to isolate novel anticancer genes of human origin. Continuing with over 30,000 transcripts from our previous study, 377 cell death inducing genes were subjected to screening. FBLN5 was chosen, as a proof of principle, for mechanistic gene expression profiling, comparison pathways analyses and functional studies. RESULTS Sixteen novel anticancer genes were isolated; these included non-coding RNAs, protein-coding genes and novel transcripts, such as ZNF436-AS1, SMLR1, TMEFF2, LINC01529, HYAL2, NEIL2, FBLN5, YPEL4 and PHKA2-processed transcript. FBLN5 selectively caused inhibition of MYC in COS-7 (transformed) cells but not in CV-1 (normal) cells. MYC was identified as synthetic lethality partner of FBLN5 where MYC transformed CV-1 cells experienced cell death upon FBLN5 transfection, whereas FBLN5 lost cell death induction in MCF-7 cells upon MYC knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Sixteen novel anticancer genes are present in human genome including FBLN5. MYC is a synthetic lethality partner of FBLN5. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Qize Ding
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Adam D Cawte
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - David S Rueda
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Stefan W Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK.
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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11
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Prochownik EV, Wang H. Lessons in aging from Myc knockout mouse models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1244321. [PMID: 37621775 PMCID: PMC10446843 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1244321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite MYC being among the most intensively studied oncogenes, its role in normal development has not been determined as Myc-/- mice do not survival beyond mid-gestation. Myc ± mice live longer than their wild-type counterparts and are slower to accumulate many age-related phenotypes. However, Myc haplo-insufficiency likely conceals other important phenotypes as many high-affinity Myc targets genes continue to be regulated normally. By delaying Myc inactivation until after birth it has recently been possible to study the consequences of its near-complete total body loss and thus to infer its normal function. Against expectation, these "MycKO" mice lived significantly longer than control wild-type mice but manifested a marked premature aging phenotype. This seemingly paradoxical behavior was potentially explained by a >3-fold lower lifetime incidence of cancer, normally the most common cause of death in mice and often Myc-driven. Myc loss accelerated the accumulation of numerous "Aging Hallmarks", including the loss of mitochondrial and ribosomal structural and functional integrity, the generation of reactive oxygen species, the acquisition of genotoxic damage, the detrimental rewiring of metabolism and the onset of senescence. In both mice and humans, normal aging in many tissues was accompaniued by the downregulation of Myc and the loss of Myc target gene regulation. Unlike most mouse models of premature aging, which are based on monogenic disorders of DNA damage recognition and repair, the MycKO mouse model directly impacts most Aging Hallmarks and may therefore more faithfully replicate the normal aging process of both mice and humans. It further establishes that the strong association between aging and cancer can be genetically separated and is maintained by a single gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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12
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Chen M, Cen K, Song Y, Zhang X, Liou YC, Liu P, Huang J, Ruan J, He J, Ye W, Wang T, Huang X, Yang J, Jia Y, Liang X, Shen P, Wang Q, Liang T. NUSAP1-LDHA-Glycolysis-Lactate feedforward loop promotes Warburg effect and metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023:216285. [PMID: 37354982 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by hypoxia and hypovascular tumor microenvironment. Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is a microtubule-associated protein that is known to be involved in cancer biology. Our study aimed to investigate the role of NUSAP1 in glycolytic metabolism and metastasis in PDAC. Expression and prognostic value of NUSAP1 in PDAC and common gastrointestinal tumors was evaluated. The function of NUSAP1 in PDAC progression was clarified by single-cell RNA-seq and further experiments in vitro, xenograft mouse model, spontaneous PDAC mice model and human tissue microarray. The downstream genes and signaling pathways regulated by NUSAP1 were explored by RNA-Seq. And the regulation of NUSAP1 on Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)-mediated glycolysis and its underlying mechanism was further clarified by CHIP-seq. NUSAP1 was an independent unfavorable predictor of PDAC prognosis that playing a critical role in metastasis of PDAC by regulating LDHA-mediated glycolysis. Mechanically, NUSAP1 could bind to c-Myc and HIF-1α that forming a transcription regulatory complex localized to LDHA promoter region and enhanced its expression. Intriguingly, lactate upregulated NUSAP1 expression by inhibiting NUSAP1 protein degradation through lysine lactylated (Kla) modification, thus forming a NUSAP1-LDHA-glycolysis-lactate feedforward loop. The NUSAP1-LDHA-glycolysis-lactate feedforward loop is one of the underlying mechanisms to explain the metastasis and glycolytic metabolic potential in PDAC, which also provides a novel insights to understand the Warburg effect in cancer. Targeting NUSAP1 would be an attractive paradigm for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Cen
- Department of Hemooncology, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Center for Biomedical Big Data, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Teaching Experimental Center of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanyi Ye
- Center for Biomedical Big Data, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China; The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Ding J, Liu L, Chiang YL, Zhao M, Liu H, Yang F, Shen L, Lin Y, Deng H, Gao J, Sage DR, West L, Llamas LA, Hao X, Kawatkar S, Li E, Jain RK, Tallarico JA, Canham SM, Wang H. Discovery and Structure-Based Design of Inhibitors of the WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5)-MYC Interaction. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37307526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
WDR5 is a critical chromatin cofactor of MYC. WDR5 interacts with MYC through the WBM pocket and is hypothesized to anchor MYC to chromatin through its WIN site. Blocking the interaction of WDR5 and MYC impairs the recruitment of MYC to its target genes and disrupts the oncogenic function of MYC in cancer development, thus providing a promising strategy for the treatment of MYC-dysregulated cancers. Here, we describe the discovery of novel WDR5 WBM pocket antagonists containing a 1-phenyl dihydropyridazinone 3-carboxamide core that was identified from high-throughput screening and subsequent structure-based design. The leading compounds showed sub-micromolar inhibition in the biochemical assay. Among them, compound 12 can disrupt WDR5-MYC interaction in cells and reduce MYC target gene expression. Our work provides useful probes to study WDR5-MYC interaction and its function in cancers, which can also be used as the starting point for further optimization toward drug-like small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lulu Liu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ying-Ling Chiang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxi Zhao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hejun Liu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Fei Yang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lingling Shen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ying Lin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiwen Deng
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingyan Gao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - David R Sage
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura West
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Luis A Llamas
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xin Hao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sameer Kawatkar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - En Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rishi K Jain
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A Tallarico
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen M Canham
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - He Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai 201203, China
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14
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Sabe H. KRAS, MYC, and ARF6: inseparable relationships cooperatively promote cancer malignancy and immune evasion. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:106. [PMID: 37158894 PMCID: PMC10165578 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the KRAS gene and overexpression of protein products of the MYC and ARF6 genes occur frequently in cancer. Here, the inseparable relationships and cooperation of the protein products of these three genes in cancer malignancy and immune evasion are discussed. mRNAs encoded by these genes share the common feature of a G-quadruplex structure, which directs them to be robustly expressed when cellular energy production is increased. These three proteins are also functionally inseparable from each other, as follows. 1) KRAS induces MYC gene expression, and may also promote eIF4A-dependent MYC and ARF6 mRNA translation, 2) MYC induces the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, and 3) ARF6 protects mitochondria from oxidative injury. ARF6 may moreover promote cancer invasion and metastasis, and also acidosis and immune checkpoint. Therefore, the inseparable relationships and cooperation of KRAS, MYC, and ARF6 appear to result in the activation of mitochondria and the driving of ARF6-based malignancy and immune evasion. Such adverse associations are frequent in pancreatic cancer, and appear to be further enhanced by TP53 mutations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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15
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Das SK, Lewis BA, Levens D. MYC: a complex problem. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:235-246. [PMID: 35963793 PMCID: PMC9911561 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The MYC protooncogene functions as a universal amplifier of transcription through interaction with numerous factors and complexes that regulate almost every cellular process. However, a comprehensive model that explains MYC's actions and the interplay governing the complicated dynamics of components of the transcription and replication machinery is still lacking. Here, we review the potency of MYC as an oncogenic driver and how it regulates the broad spectrum of complexes (effectors and regulators). We propose a 'hand-over model' for differential partitioning and trafficking of unstructured MYC via a loose interaction network between various gene-regulatory complexes and factors. Additionally, the article discusses how unstructured-MYC energetically favors efficient modulation of the energy landscape of the transcription cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu K Das
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD 20892-1500, USA
| | - Brian A Lewis
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD 20892-1500, USA
| | - David Levens
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD 20892-1500, USA.
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16
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Zhang Q, Cui K, Yang X, He Q, Yu J, Yang L, Yao G, Guo W, Luo Z, Liu Y, Chen Y, He Z, Lan P. c-Myc-IMPDH1/2 axis promotes tumourigenesis by regulating GTP metabolic reprogramming. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1164. [PMID: 36629054 PMCID: PMC9832425 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolic rate-limiting enzymes and oncogenic c-Myc (Myc) play critical roles in metabolic reprogramming to affect tumourigenesis. However, a systematic assessment of metabolic rate-limiting enzymes and their relationship with Myc in human cancers is lacking. METHODS Multiple Pan-cancer datasets were used to develop the transcriptome, genomic alterations, clinical outcomes and Myc correlation landscapes of 168 metabolic rate-limiting enzymes across 20 cancers. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting were, respectively, used to examine the mRNA and protein of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) in human colorectal cancer (CRC), azoxymethane/dextran sulphate sodium-induced mouse CRC and spontaneous intestinal tumours from APCMin/+ mice. Clone formation, CCK-8 and subcutaneous xenograft model were applied to investigate the possible mechanisms connecting IMPDH1 to CRC growth. Co-immunoprecipitation and protein half-life assay were used to explore the mechanisms underlying the regulation of IMPDH1. RESULTS We explored the global expression patterns, dysregulation profiles, genomic alterations and clinical relevance of 168 metabolic rate-limiting enzymes across human cancers. Importantly, a series of enzymes were associated with Myc, especially top three upregulated enzymes (TK1, RRM2 and IMPDH1) were positively correlated with Myc in multiple cancers. As a proof-of-concept exemplification, we demonstrated that IMPDH1, a rate-limiting enzyme in GTP biosynthesis, is highly upregulated in CRC and promotes CRC growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IMPDH2 stabilizes IMPDH1 by decreasing the polyubiquitination levels of IMPDH1, and Myc promotes the de novo GTP biosynthesis by the transcriptional activation of IMPDH1/2. Finally, we confirmed that the Myc-IMPDH1/2 axis is dysregulated across human cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the essential roles of metabolic rate-limiting enzymes in tumourigenesis and their crosstalk with Myc, and the Myc-IMPDH1/2 axis promotes tumourigenesis by altering GTP metabolic reprogramming. Our results propose the inhibition of IMPDH1 as a viable option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kaisa Cui
- Wuxi Cancer InstituteAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qilang He
- The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing Yu
- The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Li Yang
- Zhumadian Central HospitalHuanghuai UniversityZhumadianHenanChina
| | - Gang Yao
- The People's Hospital of Zhengyang CountyZhumadianHenanChina
| | - Weiwei Guo
- The People's Hospital of Zhengyang CountyZhumadianHenanChina
| | - Zhanhao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yugeng Liu
- Center for Synthetic MicrobiomeInstitute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yuan Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen He
- The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ping Lan
- The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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17
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Huang J, Katari MS, Juang CL, Coruzzi GM, Brooks MD. Building High-Confidence Gene Regulatory Networks by Integrating Validated TF-Target Gene Interactions Using ConnecTF. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2698:195-220. [PMID: 37682477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3354-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Many methods are now available to identify or predict the target genes of transcription factors (TFs) in plants. These include experimental approaches such as in vivo or in vitro TF-target gene-binding assays and various methods for identifying regulated targets in mutants, transgenics, or isolated plant cells. In addition, computational approaches are used to infer TF-target gene interactions from the regulatory elements or gene expression changes across treatments. While each of these approaches has now been applied to a large number of TFs from many species, each method has its own limitations which necessitates that multiple data types are integrated to build the most accurate representation of the gene regulatory networks operating in plants. To make the analyses of TF-target interaction datasets available to the broader research community, we have developed the ConnecTF web platform ( https://connectf.org/ ). In this chapter, we describe how ConnecTF can be used to integrate validated and predicted TF-target gene interactions in order to dissect the regulatory role of TFs in developmental and stress response pathways. Using as our examples KN1 and RA1, two well-characterized maize TFs involved in developing floral tissue, we demonstrate how ConnecTF can be used to (1) compare the target genes between TFs, (2) identify direct vs. indirect targets by combining TF-binding and TF-regulation datasets, (3) chart and visualize network paths between TFs and their downstream targets, and (4) prune inferred user networks for high-confidence predicted interactions using validated TF-target gene data. Finally, we provide instructions for setting up a private version of ConnecTF that enables research groups to store and analyze their own TF-target gene interaction datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Huang
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manpreet S Katari
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Che-Lun Juang
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloria M Coruzzi
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Brooks
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL, USA.
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18
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Winkler R, Piskor EM, Kosan C. Lessons from Using Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of MYC-Induced Lymphoma. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010037. [PMID: 36611833 PMCID: PMC9818924 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic overexpression of MYC leads to the fatal deregulation of signaling pathways, cellular metabolism, and cell growth. MYC rearrangements are found frequently among non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas enforcing MYC overexpression. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) were developed to understand MYC-induced B-cell lymphomagenesis. Here, we highlight the advantages of using Eµ-Myc transgenic mice. We thoroughly compiled the available literature to discuss common challenges when using such mouse models. Furthermore, we give an overview of pathways affected by MYC based on knowledge gained from the use of GEMMs. We identified top regulators of MYC-induced lymphomagenesis, including some candidates that are not pharmacologically targeted yet.
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19
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Matheson LS, Petkau G, Sáenz-Narciso B, D'Angeli V, McHugh J, Newman R, Munford H, West J, Chakraborty K, Roberts J, Łukasiak S, Díaz-Muñoz MD, Bell SE, Dimeloe S, Turner M. Multiomics analysis couples mRNA turnover and translational control of glutamine metabolism to the differentiation of the activated CD4 + T cell. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19657. [PMID: 36385275 PMCID: PMC9669047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ZFP36 family of RNA-binding proteins acts post-transcriptionally to repress translation and promote RNA decay. Studies of genes and pathways regulated by the ZFP36 family in CD4+ T cells have focussed largely on cytokines, but their impact on metabolic reprogramming and differentiation is unclear. Using CD4+ T cells lacking Zfp36 and Zfp36l1, we combined the quantification of mRNA transcription, stability, abundance and translation with crosslinking immunoprecipitation and metabolic profiling to determine how they regulate T cell metabolism and differentiation. Our results suggest that ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 act directly to limit the expression of genes driving anabolic processes by two distinct routes: by targeting transcription factors and by targeting transcripts encoding rate-limiting enzymes. These enzymes span numerous metabolic pathways including glycolysis, one-carbon metabolism and glutaminolysis. Direct binding and repression of transcripts encoding glutamine transporter SLC38A2 correlated with increased cellular glutamine content in ZFP36/ZFP36L1-deficient T cells. Increased conversion of glutamine to α-ketoglutarate in these cells was consistent with direct binding of ZFP36/ZFP36L1 to Gls (encoding glutaminase) and Glud1 (encoding glutamate dehydrogenase). We propose that ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 as well as glutamine and α-ketoglutarate are limiting factors for the acquisition of the cytotoxic CD4+ T cell fate. Our data implicate ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 in limiting glutamine anaplerosis and differentiation of activated CD4+ T cells, likely mediated by direct binding to transcripts of critical genes that drive these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Matheson
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Georg Petkau
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Beatriz Sáenz-Narciso
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Vanessa D'Angeli
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: IONTAS, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3EF, UK
| | - Jessica McHugh
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Nature Reviews Rheumatology, The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, UK
| | - Rebecca Newman
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, Herts, UK
| | - Haydn Munford
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, IBR, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity and Biomarkers (BIB), IVIVT, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sebastian Łukasiak
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Present Address: Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuel D Díaz-Muñoz
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, CHU Purpan, BP3028, 31024, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, IBR, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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20
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Lee LM, Christodoulou EG, Shyamsunder P, Chen BJ, Lee KL, Fung TK, So CWE, Wong GC, Petretto E, Rackham OJL, Tiong Ong S. A novel network pharmacology approach for leukaemia differentiation therapy using Mogrify ®. Oncogene 2022; 41:5160-5175. [PMID: 36271030 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a rapidly fatal blood cancer that is characterised by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the blood and bone marrow as a result of blocked differentiation. Methods which identify master transcriptional regulators of AML subtype-specific leukaemia cell states and their combinations could be critical for discovering novel differentiation-inducing therapies. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate a novel utility of the Mogrify® algorithm in identifying combinations of transcription factors (TFs) and drugs, which recapitulate granulocytic differentiation of the NB4 acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) cell line, using two different approaches. In the first approach, Connectivity Map (CMAP) analysis of these TFs and their target networks outperformed standard approaches, retrieving ATRA as the top hit. We identify dimaprit and mebendazole as a drug combination which induces myeloid differentiation. In the second approach, we show that genetic manipulation of specific Mogrify®-identified TFs (MYC and IRF1) leads to co-operative induction of APL differentiation, as does pharmacological targeting of these TFs using currently available compounds. We also show that loss of IRF1 blunts ATRA-mediated differentiation, and that MYC represses IRF1 expression through recruitment of PML-RARα, the driver fusion oncoprotein in APL, to the IRF1 promoter. Finally, we demonstrate that these drug combinations can also induce differentiation of primary patient-derived APL cells, and highlight the potential of targeting MYC and IRF1 in high-risk APL. Thus, these results suggest that Mogrify® could be used for drug discovery or repositioning in leukaemia differentiation therapy for other subtypes of leukaemia or cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Network Pharmacology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ming Lee
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleni G Christodoulou
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pavithra Shyamsunder
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bei Jun Chen
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsz Kan Fung
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gee Chuan Wong
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK.
- Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University (CPU), Nanjing, China.
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - S Tiong Ong
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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21
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Mohapatra P, Mohanty S, Ansari SA, Shriwas O, Ghosh A, Rath R, Majumdar SKD, Swain RK, Raghav SK, Dash R. CMTM6 attenuates cisplatin-induced cell death in OSCC by regulating AKT/c-Myc-driven ribosome biogenesis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22566. [PMID: 36165231 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200808rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CMTM6, a type 3 transmembrane protein, is known to stabilize the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and hence facilitates the immune evasion of tumor cells. Recently, we demonstrated that CMTM6 is a major driver of cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). However, the detailed mechanism of how CMTM6 rewires cisplatin resistance in OSCC is yet to be explored. RNA sequencing analysis of cisplatin-resistant OSCC lines stably expressing Nt shRNA and CMTM6 shRNA revealed that CMTM6 might be a potential regulator of the ribosome biogenesis network. Knocking down CMTM6 significantly inhibited transcription of 47S precursor rRNA and hindered the nucleolar structure, indicating reduced ribosome biogenesis. When CMTM6 was ectopically over-expressed in CMTM6KD cells, almost all ribosomal machinery components were rescued. Mechanistically, CMTM6 induced the expression of C-Myc, which promotes RNA polymerase I mediated rDNA transcription. In addition to this, CMTM6 was also found to regulate the AKT-mTORC1-dependent ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in cisplatin-resistant lines. The nude mice and zebrafish xenograft experiments indicate that blocking ribosome synthesis either by genetic inhibitor (CMTM6KD) or pharmacological inhibitor (CX-5461) significantly restores cisplatin-mediated cell death in chemoresistant OSCC. Overall, our study suggests that CMTM6 is a major regulator of the ribosome biogenesis network and targeting the ribosome biogenesis network is a viable target to overcome chemoresistance in OSCC. The novel combination of CX-5461 and cisplatin deserves further clinical investigation in advanced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mohapatra
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sibasish Mohanty
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Shamima Azma Ansari
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Arup Ghosh
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rachna Rath
- Sriram Chandra Bhanj Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Rajeeb K Swain
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rupesh Dash
- Cancer biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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22
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Chu PY, Huang WC, Tung SL, Tsai CY, Chen CJ, Liu YC, Lee CW, Lin YH, Lin HY, Chen CY, Yeh CT, Lin KH, Chi HC. IFITM3 promotes malignant progression, cancer stemness and chemoresistance of gastric cancer by targeting MET/AKT/FOXO3/c-MYC axis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:124. [PMID: 35941699 PMCID: PMC9361616 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting the HGF/MET signaling pathway has been a viable therapeutic strategy for various cancer types due to hyperactivation of HGF/MET axis occurs frequently that leads to detrimental cancer progression and recurrence. Deciphering novel molecule mechanisms underlying complex HGF/MET signaling network is therefore critical to development of effective therapeutics for treating MET-dependent malignancies. Results Using isobaric mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach, we identified IFITM3, an interferon-induced transmembrane protein that was highly expressed in micro-dissected gastric cancer (GC) tumor regions relative to adjacent non-tumor epithelia. Analyses of GC clinical specimens revealed that expression IFITM3 was closely correlated to advanced pathological stages. IFITM3 has been reported as a PIP3 scaffold protein that promotes PI3K signaling. In present study, we unprecedentedly unraveled that IFITM3 associated with MET and AKT to facilitate HGF/MET mediated AKT signaling crosstalk in suppressing FOXO3, consequently leading to c-MYC mediated GC progression. In addition, gene ontology analyses of the clinical GC cohort revealed significant correlation between IFITM3-associated genes and targets of c-MYC, which is a crucial downstream effector of HGF/MET pathway in cancer progression. Moreover, we demonstrated ectopic expression of IFITM3 suppressed FOXO3 expression, consequently led to c-MYC induction to promote tumor growth, cell metastasis, cancer stemness as well as chemoresistance. Conversely, depletion of IFITM3 resulted in suppression of HGF triggered cellular growth and migration via inhibition of AKT/c-MYC signaling in GC. Conclusions In summary, our present study unveiled a novel regulatory mechanism for c-MYC-driven oncogenesis underlined by IFITM3-mediated signaling crosstalk between MET associated AKT signaling cascade. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00858-8.
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23
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Zhao X, Yang K, Song Z, He H, Zhang W. [Juglone induces proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells via promoting c-Myc ubiquitination]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1026-1031. [PMID: 35869765 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of c-Myc protein in cervical cancer HeLa cells and explore the effect of juglone on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells by affecting c-Myc ubiquitination. METHODS HeLa cells treated with different concentrations (0, 10, 20, or 50 μmol/L) of juglone or with 20 μmol/L juglone for different time lengths were examined for expression of c-Myc protein with Western blotting. The half-life of c-Myc protein was determined using cycloheximide (CHX) and c-Myc protein degradation was detected using coimmunoprecipitation. We also assessed the effects of 20 μmol/L juglone combined with 0, 1.0 or 2.0 μmol/L MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) on c-Myc expression. The effects of 20 μmol/L juglone on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells with RNA interference-mediated knockdown of c-Myc were evaluated with MTT assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment with juglone significantly lowered c-Myc protein expression in HeLa cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Juglone obviously shortened the half-life of c-Myc protein, and the addition of MG132 significantly up-regulated the expression level of c-Myc protein (P < 0.05). Juglone treatment also promoted ubiquitination of c-Myc protein in HeLa cells. Compared with the cells transfected with a negative control construct, the cells transfected with si-c-Myc showed significantly decreased proliferation inhibition and a lowered cell rate with early apoptosis after juglone treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Juglone inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of HeLa cells by affecting the ubiquitination of c-Myc protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, China
| | - K Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Z Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, China
| | - H He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanbian 133000, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, China
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24
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Estrogen Induces c-myc Transcription by Binding to Upstream ERE Element in Promoter. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor α(ERα) is reported to regulate the expression of many target genes by binding to specific estrogen response elements (EREs) in their promoters. c-myc is known to be over-expressed in most of the human carcinomas due to dysregulated transcription, translation, or protein stability. Estrogen (E) can induce the c-myc expression by binding to an upstream enhancer element in its promoter. This suggests that elevated estradiol (E2), a potent form of estrogen, levels could induce the expression of c-myc in breast cancer (BC). The expression of c-myc and estradiol were induced at Stage III and Stage IV of breast cancer. c-myc and estradiol expression was also associated with the established risk factors of breast cancer, such as BMI. Age at the time of the disease was alsocorrelated with the relative expression of c-myc and estradiol (p < 0.0007 and p < 0.000001). The correlation coefficient (R = 0.462) shows a positive relationship between estradiol bound ER, ER, and c-myc. Docking energy −229 kJ/mol suggests the binding affinity of estradiol bound ER binding to 500 bp upstream of proximal promotor of c-myc at three distinct positions. The data presented in this study proposed that the expression of c-myc and estradiol are directly correlated in breast cancer. The prognostic utility of an induced level of c-myc associated with the normal status of the c-myc gene and estradiol for patients with metastatic carcinoma should be explored further.
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25
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Grieb BC, Eischen CM. MTBP and MYC: A Dynamic Duo in Proliferation, Cancer, and Aging. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060881. [PMID: 35741402 PMCID: PMC9219613 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC (MYC) is highly conserved across species and is frequently overexpressed or dysregulated in human cancers. MYC regulates a wide range of critical cellular and oncogenic activities including proliferation, metabolism, metastasis, apoptosis, and differentiation by transcriptionally activating or repressing the expression of a large number of genes. This activity of MYC is not carried out in isolation, instead relying on its association with a myriad of protein cofactors. We determined that MDM Two Binding Protein (MTBP) indirectly binds MYC and is a novel MYC transcriptional cofactor. MTBP promotes MYC-mediated transcriptional activity, proliferation, and cellular transformation by binding in a protein complex with MYC at MYC-bound promoters. This discovery provided critical context for data linking MTBP to aging as well as a rapidly expanding body of evidence demonstrating MTBP is overexpressed in many human malignancies, is often linked to poor patient outcomes, and is necessary for cancer cell survival. As such, MTBP represents a novel and potentially broad reaching oncologic drug target, particularly when MYC is dysregulated. Here we have reviewed the discovery of MTBP and the initial controversy with its function as well as its associations with proliferation, MYC, DNA replication, aging, and human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Grieb
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christine M. Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Novel dual-targeting c-Myc inhibitor D347-2761 represses myeloma growth via blocking c-Myc/Max heterodimerization and disturbing its stability. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:73. [PMID: 35619182 PMCID: PMC9137135 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factor c-Myc plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological events. c-Myc gene rearrangement is closely associated with multiple myeloma (MM) progression and drug resistance. Thereby, targeting c-Myc is expected to be a useful therapeutic strategy for hematological disease, especially in MM.
Methods Molecular docking-based virtual screening and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to identify novel c-Myc inhibitors. Cell viability and flow cytometry were performed for evaluating myeloma cytotoxicity. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, GST pull down and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay were performed for protein expression and interaction between c-Myc and Max. c-Myc downstream targets were measured by Q-PCR and Chromatin immunoprecipitation methods. Animal experiments were used to detect myeloma xenograft and infiltration in vivo. Results We successfully identified a novel c-Myc inhibitor D347-2761, which hindered the formation of c-Myc/Max heterodimer and disturbed c-Myc protein stability simultaneously. Compound D347-2761 dose-and time-dependently inhibited myeloma cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Dual knockout Bak/Bax partially restored D347-2761-mediated cell death. Additionally, compound D347-2761 could, in combination with bortezomib (BTZ), enhance MM cell DNA damage and overcome BTZ drug resistance. Our in vivo studies also showed that compound D347-2761 repressed myeloma growth and distal infiltration by downregulating c-Myc expression. Mechanistically, novel dual-targeting c-Myc inhibitor D347-2761 promoted c-Myc protein degradation via stimulating c-Myc Thr58 phosphorylation levels, which ultimately led to transcriptional repression of CDK4 promoter activity. Conclusions We identified a novel dual-targeting c-Myc small molecular inhibitor D347-2761. And this study may provide a solid foundation for developing a novel therapeutic agent targeting c-Myc. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00868-6.
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27
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Pallotta MM, Di Nardo M, Sarogni P, Krantz ID, Musio A. Disease-associated c-MYC downregulation in human disorders of transcriptional regulation. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1599-1609. [PMID: 34849865 PMCID: PMC9122636 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multiorgan developmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in cohesin genes. It is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous dominant (both autosomal and X-linked) rare disease. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that CdLS is caused by a combination of factors, such as gene expression dysregulation, accumulation of cellular damage and cellular aging, which collectively contribute to the CdLS phenotype. The CdLS phenotype overlaps with a number of related diagnoses such as KBG syndrome and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome both caused by variants in chromatin-associated factors other than cohesin. The molecular basis underlying these overlapping phenotypes is not clearly defined. Here, we found that cells from individuals with CdLS and CdLS-related diagnoses are characterized by global transcription disturbance and share common dysregulated pathways. Intriguingly, c-MYC (subsequently referred to as MYC) is downregulated in all cell lines and represents a convergent hub lying at the center of dysregulated pathways. Subsequent treatment with estradiol restores MYC expression by modulating cohesin occupancy at its promoter region. In addition, MYC activation leads to modification in expression in hundreds of genes, which in turn reduce the oxidative stress level and genome instability. Together, these results show that MYC plays a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of CdLS and CdLS-related diagnoses and represents a potential therapeutic target for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Pallotta
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Di Nardo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sarogni
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian D Krantz
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Division of Human Genetics, The Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Antonio Musio
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
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28
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Morrison AJ. Cancer cell metabolism connects epigenetic modifications to transcriptional regulation. FEBS J 2022; 289:1302-1314. [PMID: 34036737 PMCID: PMC8613311 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of cellular function with the nutrient environment is essential for survival. Failure to adapt can lead to cell death and/or disease. Indeed, energy metabolism alterations are a major contributing factor for many pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In particular, a primary characteristic of cancer cells is altered metabolism that promotes survival and proliferation even in the presence of limited nutrients. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that metabolic pathways produce intermediary metabolites that directly influence epigenetic modifications in the genome. Emerging evidence demonstrates that metabolic processes in cancer cells fuel malignant growth, in part, through epigenetic regulation of gene expression programs important for proliferation and adaptive survival. In this review, recent progress toward understanding the relationship of cancer cell metabolism, epigenetic modification, and transcriptional regulation will be discussed. Specifically, the need for adaptive cell metabolism and its modulation in cancer cells will be introduced. Current knowledge on the emerging field of metabolite production and epigenetic modification will also be reviewed. Alterations of DNA (de)methylation, histone modifications, such as (de)methylation and (de)acylation, as well as chromatin remodeling, will be discussed in the context of cancer cell metabolism. Finally, how these epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer cell phenotypes will be summarized. Collectively, these studies reveal that both metabolic and epigenetic pathways in cancer cells are closely linked, representing multiple opportunities to therapeutically target the unique features of malignant growth.
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29
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Tsoi H, You CP, Leung MH, Man EPS, Khoo US. Targeting Ribosome Biogenesis to Combat Tamoxifen Resistance in ER+ve Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051251. [PMID: 35267559 PMCID: PMC8909264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Resistance to tamoxifen treatment is an obstacle for ER+ve breast cancer therapy. The overexpression of c-MYC is a known driver of cancer progression and is associated with tamoxifen resistance. Through mediating the up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis and alteration of the transcriptome, c-MYC modulates the translation profile to facilitate the development of tamoxifen resistance. c-MYC is, however, undruggable. Thus, targeting downstream mechanisms mediated by c-MYC might be a more feasible approach. Studies have demonstrated that inhibition of ribosome biogenesis can achieve tumour suppression. Targeting ribosome biogenesis may thus be a feasible strategy to reverse tamoxifen resistance. This article reviews the current evidence to support the feasibility of suppressing ribosome biogenesis to reverse tamoxifen resistance in ER+ve breast cancer. Abstract Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Around 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+ve), with tamoxifen being most commonly used as an adjuvant treatment to prevent recurrence and metastasis. However, half of the patients will eventually develop tamoxifen resistance. The overexpression of c-MYC can drive the development of ER+ve breast cancer and confer tamoxifen resistance through multiple pathways. One key mechanism is to enhance ribosome biogenesis, synthesising mature ribosomes. The over-production of ribosomes sustains the demand for proteins necessary to maintain a high cell proliferation rate and combat apoptosis induced by therapeutic agents. c-MYC overexpression can induce the expression of eIF4E that favours the translation of structured mRNA to produce oncogenic factors that promote cell proliferation and confer tamoxifen resistance. Either non-phosphorylated or phosphorylated eIF4E can mediate such an effect. Since ribosomes play an essential role in c-MYC-mediated cancer development, suppressing ribosome biogenesis may help reduce aggressiveness and reverse tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. CX-5461, CX-3543 and haemanthamine have been shown to repress ribosome biogenesis. Using these chemicals might help reverse tamoxifen resistance in ER+ve breast cancer, provided that c-MYC-mediated ribosome biogenesis is the crucial factor for tamoxifen resistance. To employ these ribosome biogenesis inhibitors to combat tamoxifen resistance in the future, identification of predictive markers will be necessary.
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Fernandez MR, Schaub FX, Yang C, Li W, Yun S, Schaub SK, Dorsey FC, Liu M, Steeves MA, Ballabio A, Tzankov A, Chen Z, Koomen JM, Berglund AE, Cleveland JL. Disrupting the MYC-TFEB Circuit Impairs Amino Acid Homeostasis and Provokes Metabolic Anergy. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1234-1250. [PMID: 35149590 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MYC family oncoproteins are regulators of metabolic reprogramming that sustains cancer cell anabolism. Normal cells adapt to nutrient-limiting conditions by activating autophagy, which is required for amino acid (AA) homeostasis. Here we report that the autophagy pathway is suppressed by Myc in normal B cells, in premalignant and neoplastic B cells of Eμ-Myc transgenic mice, and in human MYC-driven Burkitt lymphoma. Myc suppresses autophagy by antagonizing the expression and function of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy. Mechanisms that sustained AA pools in MYC-expressing B cells include coordinated induction of the proteasome and increases in AA transport. Reactivation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway by TFEB disabled the malignant state by disrupting mitochondrial functions, proteasome activity, amino acid transport, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, leading to metabolic anergy, growth arrest and apoptosis. This phenotype provides therapeutic opportunities to disable MYC-driven malignancies, including AA restriction and treatment with proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Fernandez
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | - Franz X Schaub
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | - Chunying Yang
- Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - Min Liu
- Proteomics Core, Moffitt Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center
| | - Anders E Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
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Dual targeting of the DNA damage response pathway and BCL-2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2022; 36:197-209. [PMID: 34304248 PMCID: PMC8727301 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Standard chemotherapies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), based on the induction of exogenous DNA damage and oxidative stress, are often less effective in the presence of increased MYC and BCL-2 levels, especially in the case of double hit (DH) lymphomas harboring rearrangements of the MYC and BCL-2 oncogenes, which enrich for a patient's population characterized by refractoriness to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Here we hypothesized that adaptive mechanisms to MYC-induced replicative and oxidative stress, consisting in DNA damage response (DDR) activation and BCL-2 overexpression, could represent the biologic basis of the poor prognosis and chemoresistance observed in MYC/BCL-2-positive lymphoma. We first integrated targeted gene expression profiling (T-GEP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, and characterization of replicative and oxidative stress biomarkers in two independent DLBCL cohorts. The presence of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers identified a poor prognosis double expresser (DE)-DLBCL subset, characterized by relatively higher BCL-2 gene expression levels and enrichment for DH lymphomas. Based on these findings, we tested therapeutic strategies based on combined DDR and BCL-2 inhibition, confirming efficacy and synergistic interactions in in vitro and in vivo DH-DLBCL models. These data provide the rationale for precision-therapy strategies based on combined DDR and BCL-2 inhibition in DH or DE-DLBCL.
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Samarasinghe KTG, An E, Genuth MA, Chu L, Holley SA, Crews CM. OligoTRAFTACs: A generalizable method for transcription factor degradation. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1144-1153. [PMID: 36128504 PMCID: PMC9428672 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted transcription factor degradation using oligonucleotide-based transcription factor targeting chimeras (TRAFTACs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusal T. G. Samarasinghe
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Elvira An
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Miriam A. Genuth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ling Chu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Scott A. Holley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Chen M, Wang H, Guo H, Zhang Y, Chen L. Systematic Investigation of Biocompatible Cationic Polymeric Nucleic Acid Carriers for Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:85. [PMID: 35008249 PMCID: PMC8750096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-largest cause of cancer death worldwide, while immunotherapy is rapidly being developed to fight HCC with great potential. Nucleic acid drugs are the most important modulators in HCC immunotherapy. To boost the efficacy of therapeutics and amplify the efficiency of genetic materials, biocompatible polymers are commonly used. However, under the strong need of a summary for current developments of biocompatible polymeric nucleic acid carriers for immunotherapy of HCC, there is rare review article specific to this topic to our best knowledge. In this article, we will discuss the current progress of immunotherapy for HCC, biocompatible cationic polymers (BCPs) as nucleic acid carriers used (or potential) to fight HCC, the roles of biocompatible polymeric carriers for nucleic acid delivery, and nucleic acid delivery by biocompatible polymers for immunotherapy. At the end, we will conclude the review and discuss future perspectives. This article discusses biocompatible polymeric nucleic acid carriers for immunotherapy of HCC from multidiscipline perspectives and provides a new insight in this domain. We believe this review will be interesting to polymer chemists, pharmacists, clinic doctors, and PhD students in related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (M.C.); (H.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (M.C.); (H.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Hongying Guo
- Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (M.C.); (H.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (M.C.); (H.W.); (H.G.)
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Differential Transcriptional Reprogramming by Wild Type and Lymphoma-Associated Mutant MYC Proteins as B-Cells Convert to a Lymphoma Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236093. [PMID: 34885204 PMCID: PMC8657136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor regulates a vast number of genes and is implicated in many human malignancies. In some hematological malignancies, MYC is frequently subject to missense mutations that enhance its transformation activity. Here, we use a novel murine cell system to (i) characterize the transcriptional effects of progressively increasing MYC levels as normal primary B-cells transform to lymphoma cells and (ii) determine how this gene regulation program is modified by lymphoma-associated MYC mutations (T58A and T58I) that enhance its transformation activity. Unlike many previous studies, the cell system exploits primary B-cells that are transduced to allow regulated MYC expression under circumstances where apoptosis and senescence pathways are abrogated by the over-expression of the Bcl-xL and BMI1 proteins. In such cells, transition from a normal to a lymphoma phenotype is directly dependent on the MYC expression level, without a requirement for secondary events that are normally required during MYC-driven oncogenic transformation. A generalized linear model approach allowed an integrated analysis of RNA sequencing data to identify regulated genes in relation to both progressively increasing MYC level and wild type or mutant status. Using this design, a total of 7569 regulated genes were identified, of which the majority (n = 7263) were regulated in response to progressively increased levels of wild type MYC, while a smaller number of genes (n = 917) were differentially regulated, compared to wild type MYC, in T58A MYC- and/or T58I MYC-expressing cells. Unlike most genes that are similarly regulated by both wild type and mutant MYC genes, the set of 917 genes did not significantly overlap with known lipopolysaccharide regulated genes, which represent genes regulated by MYC in normal B cells. The genes that were differently regulated in cells expressing mutant MYC proteins were significantly enriched in DNA replication and G2 phase to mitosis transition genes. Thus, mutants affecting MYC proteins may augment quantitative oncogenic effects on the expression of normal MYC-target genes with qualitative oncogenic effects, by which sets of cell cycle genes are abnormally targeted by MYC as B cells transition into lymphoma cells. The T58A and T58I mutations augment MYC-driven transformation by distinct mechanisms.
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Jansson MD, Häfner SJ, Altinel K, Tehler D, Krogh N, Jakobsen E, Andersen JV, Andersen KL, Schoof EM, Ménard P, Nielsen H, Lund AH. Regulation of translation by site-specific ribosomal RNA methylation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:889-899. [PMID: 34759377 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are complex ribozymes that interpret genetic information by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Natural variation in ribosome composition has been documented in several organisms and can arise from several different sources. A key question is whether specific control over ribosome heterogeneity represents a mechanism by which translation can be regulated. We used RiboMeth-seq to demonstrate that differential 2'-O-methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) represents a considerable source of ribosome heterogeneity in human cells, and that modification levels at distinct sites can change dynamically in response to upstream signaling pathways, such as MYC oncogene expression. Ablation of one prominent methylation resulted in altered translation of select mRNAs and corresponding changes in cellular phenotypes. Thus, differential rRNA 2'-O-methylation can give rise to ribosomes with specialized function. This suggests a broader mechanism where the specific regulation of rRNA modification patterns fine tunes translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Jansson
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sophia J Häfner
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kübra Altinel
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Disa Tehler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper L Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Patrice Ménard
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Mori T, Ato S, Knudsen JR, Henriquez-Olguin C, Li Z, Wakabayashi K, Suginohara T, Higashida K, Tamura Y, Nakazato K, Jensen TE, Ogasawara R. c-Myc overexpression increases ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis independent of mTORC1 activation in mouse skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E551-E559. [PMID: 34423683 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00164.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity muscle contractions (HiMCs) are known to increase c-Myc expression that is known to stimulate ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in most cells. However, although c-Myc mRNA transcription and c-Myc mRNA translation have been shown to be upregulated following resistance exercise concomitantly with increased ribosome biogenesis, this connection has not been tested directly. We investigated the effect of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated c-Myc overexpression, with or without fasting or percutaneous electrical stimulation-induced HiMC, on ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in adult mouse skeletal muscles. AAV-mediated overexpression of c-Myc in mouse skeletal muscles for 2 wk increased the DNA polymerase subunit POL1 mRNA, 45S-pre-rRNA, total RNA, and muscle protein synthesis without altering mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling under both ad libitum and fasted conditions. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses revealed that c-Myc overexpression mainly regulated ribosome biogenesis-related biological processes. The protein synthesis response to c-Myc overexpression mirrored the response with HiMC. No additional effect of combining c-Myc overexpression and HiMC was observed. Our results suggest that c-Myc overexpression is sufficient to stimulate skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis without activation of mTORC1. Therefore, the HiMC-induced increase in c-Myc may contribute to ribosome biogenesis and increased protein synthesis following HiMC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Resistance exercise is known to increase c-Myc expression, which is known to stimulate ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in a variety of cells. However, whether the increase in c-Myc stimulates ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in skeletal muscles remains unknown. We found that c-Myc overexpression is sufficient to stimulate skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis without activation of mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Ato
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Microsystems Laboratory 2, Institute of Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koki Wakabayashi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suginohara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Tamura
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu C, Wu Z, Wang L, Chen Y, Huang X, Wang Z, Tian B. The Modulating Mechanisms of miRNA-196 in Malignancies and Its Prognostic Value: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:423-436. [PMID: 34435522 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1922718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have revealed that up- or downregulated miRNA-196 expression correlates with the prognostic value in various malignancies; however, existing single studies lack robust evidence to elucidate the role of miRNA-196 in malignancy. The pooled results showed that the upregulation of miRNA-196 expression was significantly correlated with unfavorable OS [HR 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.78-2.57; p < 0.001)] and worse PFS (HR 2.84; 95% CI, 1.29-6.23, P = 0.01) in various malignancies. According to the regulatory mechanisms, studies shown that multiple tumors associated with transcription processes could be modulated by the miRNA-196 family; correspondingly, the miRNA-196 family exerted biological functions that could be regulated by various molecules. The upregulation of miRNA-196a, miRNA-196b and miRNA-196 expression is correlated with significantly unfavorable OS in multiple malignancies; similarly, miRNA-196 overexpression predicts poor PFS in multiple malignancies. Taken together, these findings indicate that miRNA-196a and miRNA-196b may serve as oncogenic molecules and may be potential prognostic biomarkers in multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihe Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bole Tian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
A central component of Myc's role as a master coordinator of energy metabolism and biomass accumulation is its ability to increase the rate of protein synthesis, driving cell cycle progression, and proliferation. Importantly, Myc-induced alterations in both global and specific mRNA translation is a key determinant of Myc's oncogenic function. Herein, we provide five assays to enable researchers to measure global protein synthesis changes, to identify the translatome uniquely regulated by Myc and to investigate the mechanisms generating the tailored Myc translation network. Metabolic labeling of cells with 35S-containing methionine and cysteine in culture and O-propargyl-puromycin (OP-Puro) incorporation in vivo are presented as methods to measure the overall rate of global protein synthesis. Isolation of polysome-associated mRNAs followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the toeprint assay enable the detection of altered translation of specific mRNAs and isoforms, and visualization of differential ribosomal engagement at start codons uniquely mediated by Myc activation, respectively. Finally, the translation initiation reporter assay is utilized to uncover the molecular mechanism mediating altered translation initiation of a specific mRNA. Together, the protocols detailed in this chapter can be used to illuminate how and to what degree Myc-dependent regulation of translation influences homeostatic cellular functions as well as tumorigenesis.
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40
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Lu J, Cannizzaro E, Meier-Abt F, Scheinost S, Bruch PM, Giles HAR, Lütge A, Hüllein J, Wagner L, Giacopelli B, Nadeu F, Delgado J, Campo E, Mangolini M, Ringshausen I, Böttcher M, Mougiakakos D, Jacobs A, Bodenmiller B, Dietrich S, Oakes CC, Zenz T, Huber W. Multi-omics reveals clinically relevant proliferative drive associated with mTOR-MYC-OXPHOS activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:853-864. [PMID: 34423310 PMCID: PMC7611543 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) has a complex pattern of driver mutations and much of its clinical diversity remains unexplained. We devised a method for simultaneous subgroup discovery across multiple data types and applied it to genomic, transcriptomic, DNA methylation and ex-vivo drug response data from 217 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) cases. We uncovered a biological axis of heterogeneity strongly associated with clinical behavior and orthogonal to the known biomarkers. We validated its presence and clinical relevance in four independent cohorts (n=547 patients). We find that this axis captures the proliferative drive (PD) of CLL cells, as it associates with lymphocyte doubling rate, global hypomethylation, accumulation of driver aberrations and response to pro-proliferative stimuli. CLL-PD was linked to the activation of mTOR-MYC-oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through transcriptomic, proteomic and single cell resolution analysis. CLL-PD is a key determinant of disease outcome in CLL. Our multi-table integration approach may be applicable to other tumors whose inter-individual differences are currently unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ester Cannizzaro
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Meier-Abt
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Scheinost
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter-Martin Bruch
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holly AR Giles
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Almut Lütge
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Hüllein
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Wagner
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brian Giacopelli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elías Campo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mangolini
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Ingo Ringshausen
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Jacobs
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher C. Oakes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Therapy in Hematology and Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
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Deng J, Luo K, Xu P, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Yao Y, Chen X, Cheng F, Xie D, Deng H. High-efficiency c-Myc-mediated induction of functional hepatoblasts from the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:375. [PMID: 34215318 PMCID: PMC8254319 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts to hepatocyte-like cells was proposed to generate large-scale functional hepatocytes demanded by liver tissue engineering. However, the difficulty in obtaining large quantities of human fibroblasts greatly restricted the extensive implementation of this approach. Meanwhile, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) are the preferred cell source for HLCs with the advantages of limited ethical concerns, easy accessibility, and propagation in vitro. However, no direct reprogramming protocol for converting HUMSCs to hepatoblast-like cells (HLCs) has been reported. Methods HLCs were successfully generated from HUMSCs by forced expression of FOXA3, HNF1A, and HNF4A (collectively as 3TFs) and c-Myc. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were conducted to demonstrate the hepatic phenotype, characterization, and function of HUMSC-derived HLCs (HUMSC-iHeps). ChIP-seq and RNA-seq were integrated to reveal the potential molecular mechanisms underlying c-Myc-mediated reprogramming. Results We showed that c-Myc greatly improved the trans-differentiation efficiency for HLCs from HUMSCs, which remained highly efficient in reprogramming fibroblasts into HLCs, suggesting c-Myc could promote direct reprogramming and its potentially widespread applicability for generating large amounts of HLCs in vitro. Mice transplantation experiments further confirmed the therapeutic potential of HUMSC-iHeps by liver function restoration and survival prolongation. Besides, in vivo safety assessment demonstrated the low risk of the tumorigenic potential of HUMSC-iHeps. We found that c-Myc functioned predominantly at an early phase of reprogramming, and we further unraveled the regulatory network altered by c-Myc. Conclusions c-Myc enhanced reprogramming efficiency of HLCs from HUMSCs. A large scale of functional HLCs generated more conveniently from HUMSCs could benefit biomedical studies and applications of liver diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02419-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Kai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,National Frontier Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pengchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,National Frontier Center of Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Ohguchi H, Park PMC, Wang T, Gryder BE, Ogiya D, Kurata K, Zhang X, Li D, Pei C, Masuda T, Johansson C, Wimalasena VK, Kim Y, Hino S, Usuki S, Kawano Y, Samur MK, Tai YT, Munshi NC, Matsuoka M, Ohtsuki S, Nakao M, Minami T, Lauberth S, Khan J, Oppermann U, Durbin AD, Anderson KC, Hideshima T, Qi J. Lysine Demethylase 5A is Required for MYC Driven Transcription in Multiple Myeloma. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:370-387. [PMID: 34258103 PMCID: PMC8265280 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A) is a negative regulator of histone H3K4 trimethylation, a histone mark associated with activate gene transcription. We identify that KDM5A interacts with the P-TEFb complex and cooperates with MYC to control MYC targeted genes in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We develop a cell-permeable and selective KDM5 inhibitor, JQKD82, that increases histone H3K4me3 but paradoxically inhibits downstream MYC-driven transcriptional output in vitro and in vivo. Using genetic ablation together with our inhibitor, we establish that KDM5A supports MYC target gene transcription independent of MYC itself, by supporting TFIIH (CDK7)- and P-TEFb (CDK9)-mediated phosphorylation of RNAPII. These data identify KDM5A as a unique vulnerability in MM functioning through regulation of MYC-target gene transcription, and establish JQKD82 as a tool compound to block KDM5A function as a potential therapeutic strategy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Ohguchi
- Division of Disease Epigenetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Paul M C Park
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tingjian Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Berkley E Gryder
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keiji Kurata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deyao Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chengkui Pei
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Catrine Johansson
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yong Kim
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Usuki
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mehmet K Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shannon Lauberth
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Califonia, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Durbin
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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43
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Peng M, Chang CC, Liu JL, Sung LY. CTPS and IMPDH form cytoophidia in developmental thymocytes. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112662. [PMID: 34022203 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoophidium, a filamentous structure formed by metabolic enzymes, has emerged as a novel regulatory machinery for certain proteins. The rate-limiting enzymes of de novo CTP and GTP synthesis, cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), are the most characterized cytoophidium-forming enzymes in mammalian models. Although the assembly of CTPS cytoophidia has been demonstrated in various organisms including multiple human cancers, a systemic survey for the presence of CTPS cytoophidia in mammalian tissues in normal physiological conditions has not yet been reported. Herein, we examine major organs of adult mouse and observe that CTPS cytoophidia are displayed by a specific thymocyte population ranging between DN3 to early DP stages. Most of these cytoophidium-presenting cells have both CTPS and IMPDH cytoophidia and undergo rapid cell proliferation. In addition, we show that cytoophidium formation is associated with active glycolytic metabolism as the cytoophidium-presenting cells exhibit higher levels of c-Myc, phospho-Akt and PFK. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2DG, however, disrupts most of cytoophidium structures and impairs cell proliferation. Our findings not only indicate that the regulation of CTPS and IMPDH cytoophidia are correlated with the metabolic switch triggered by pre-TCR signaling, but also suggest physiological roles of the cytoophidium in thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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44
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Lee JEA, Parsons LM, Quinn LM. MYC function and regulation in flies: how Drosophila has enlightened MYC cancer biology. AIMS GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/genet.2014.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProgress in our understanding of the complex signaling events driving human cancer would have been unimaginably slow without discoveries from Drosophila genetic studies. Significantly, many of the signaling pathways now synonymous with cancer biology were first identified as a result of elegant screens for genes fundamental to metazoan development. Indeed the name given to many core cancer-signaling cascades tells of their history as developmental patterning regulators in flies—e.g. Wingless (Wnt), Notch and Hippo. Moreover, astonishing insight has been gained into these complex signaling networks, and many other classic oncogenic signaling networks (e.g. EGFR/RAS/RAF/ERK, InR/PI3K/AKT/TOR), using sophisticated fly genetics. Of course if we are to understand how these signaling pathways drive cancer, we must determine the downstream program(s) of gene expression activated to promote the cell and tissue over growth fundamental to cancer. Here we discuss one commonality between each of these pathways: they are all implicated as upstream activators of the highly conserved MYC oncogene and transcription factor. MYC can drive all aspects of cell growth and cell cycle progression during animal development. MYC is estimated to be dysregulated in over 50% of all cancers, underscoring the importance of elucidating the signals activating MYC. We also discuss the FUBP1/FIR/FUSE system, which acts as a ‘cruise control’ on the MYC promoter to control RNA Polymerase II pausing and, therefore, MYC transcription in response to the developmental signaling environment. Importantly, the striking conservation between humans and flies within these major axes of MYC regulation has made Drosophila an extremely valuable model organism for cancer research. We therefore discuss how Drosophila studies have helped determine the validity of signaling pathways regulating MYC in vivo using sophisticated genetics, and continue to provide novel insight into cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Er Amanda Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda May Parsons
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonie M. Quinn
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Melbourne, Australia
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45
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Ariav Y, Ch'ng JH, Christofk HR, Ron-Harel N, Erez A. Targeting nucleotide metabolism as the nexus of viral infections, cancer, and the immune response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6165. [PMID: 34138729 PMCID: PMC8133749 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Virus-infected cells and cancers share metabolic commonalities that stem from their insatiable need to replicate while evading the host immune system. These similarities include hijacking signaling mechanisms that induce metabolic rewiring in the host to up-regulate nucleotide metabolism and, in parallel, suppress the immune response. In both cancer and viral infections, the host immune cells and, specifically, lymphocytes augment nucleotide synthesis to support their own proliferation and effector functions. Consequently, established treatment modalities targeting nucleotide metabolism against cancers and virally infected cells may result in restricted immune response. Encouragingly, following the introduction of immunotherapy against cancers, multiple studies improved our understanding for improving antigen presentation to the immune system. We propose here that understanding the immune consequences of targeting nucleotide metabolism against cancers may be harnessed to optimize therapy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Ariav
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - James H Ch'ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noga Ron-Harel
- Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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46
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Gene Transactivation and Transrepression in MYC-Driven Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073458. [PMID: 33801599 PMCID: PMC8037706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating a large number of genes involved in a plethora of cellular functions. Its deregulation results in activation of MYC gene expression and/or an increase in MYC protein stability. MYC overexpression is a hallmark of malignant growth, inducing self-renewal of stem cells and blocking senescence and cell differentiation. This review summarizes the latest advances in our understanding of MYC-mediated molecular mechanisms responsible for its oncogenic activity. Several recent findings indicate that MYC is a regulator of cancer genome and epigenome: MYC modulates expression of target genes in a site-specific manner, by recruiting chromatin remodeling co-factors at promoter regions, and at genome-wide level, by regulating the expression of several epigenetic modifiers that alter the entire chromatin structure. We also discuss novel emerging therapeutic strategies based on both direct modulation of MYC and its epigenetic cofactors.
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47
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Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Co-Operativity between MYC and BCL-2 Pro-Survival Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062841. [PMID: 33799592 PMCID: PMC8000576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), c-MYC and related proteins are arguably amongst the most widely studied in all of biology. Every year there are thousands of papers reporting on different aspects of their biochemistry, cellular and physiological mechanisms and functions. This plethora of literature can be attributed to both proteins playing essential roles in the normal functioning of a cell, and by extension a whole organism, but also due to their central role in disease, most notably, cancer. Many cancers arise due to genetic lesions resulting in deregulation of both proteins, and indeed the development and survival of tumours is often dependent on co-operativity between these protein families. In this review we will discuss the individual roles of both proteins in cancer, describe cancers where co-operativity between them has been well-characterised and finally, some strategies to target these proteins therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence:
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48
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Pathria G, Verma S, Yin J, Scott DA, Ronai ZA. MAPK signaling regulates c-MYC for melanoma cell adaptation to asparagine restriction. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51436. [PMID: 33554439 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid restriction is among promising potential cancer treatment strategies. However, cancer cells employ a multitude of mechanisms to mount resistance to amino acid restriction, which impede the latter's clinical development. Here we show that MAPK signaling activation in asparagine-restricted melanoma cells impairs GSK3-β-mediated c-MYC degradation. In turn, elevated c-MYC supports ATF4 translational induction by enhancing the expression of the amino acid transporter SLC7A5, increasing the uptake of essential amino acids, and the subsequent maintenance of mTORC1 activity in asparagine-restricted melanoma cells. Blocking the MAPK-c-MYC-SLC7A5 signaling axis cooperates with asparagine restriction to effectively suppress melanoma cell proliferation. This work reveals a previously unknown axis of cancer cell adaptation to asparagine restriction and informs mechanisms that may be targeted for enhanced therapeutic efficacy of asparagine limiting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pathria
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sachin Verma
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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49
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Sato M, Liebau RC, Liu Z, Liu L, Rabadan R, Gautier J. The UVSSA complex alleviates MYC-driven transcription stress. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e201807163. [PMID: 33404608 PMCID: PMC7791342 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells develop strong genetic dependencies, enabling survival under oncogenic stress. MYC is a key oncogene activated across most cancers, and identifying associated synthetic lethality or sickness can provide important clues about its activity and potential therapeutic strategies. On the basis of previously conducted genome-wide screenings in MCF10A cells expressing MYC fused to an estrogen receptor fragment, we identified UVSSA, a gene involved in transcription-coupled repair, whose knockdown or knockout decreased cell viability when combined with MYC expression. Synthetic sick interactions between MYC expression and UVSSA down-regulation correlated with ATM/CHK2 activation, suggesting increased genome instability. We show that the synthetic sick interaction is diminished by attenuating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) activity; yet, it is independent of UV-induced damage repair, suggesting that UVSSA has a critical function in regulating RNAPII in the absence of exogenous DNA damage. Supporting this hypothesis, RNAPII ChIP-seq revealed that MYC-dependent increases in RNAPII promoter occupancy are reduced or abrogated by UVSSA knockdown, suggesting that UVSSA influences RNAPII dynamics during MYC-dependent transcription. Taken together, our data show that the UVSSA complex has a significant function in supporting MYC-dependent RNAPII dynamics and maintaining cell survival during MYC addiction. While the role of UVSSA in regulating RNAPII has been documented thus far only in the context of UV-induced DNA damage repair, we propose that its activity is also required to cope with transcriptional changes induced by oncogene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Sato
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rowyn C. Liebau
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lizhi Liu
- Department of Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jean Gautier
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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50
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Rivas MA, Meydan C, Chin CR, Challman MF, Kim D, Bhinder B, Kloetgen A, Viny AD, Teater MR, McNally DR, Doane AS, Béguelin W, Fernández MTC, Shen H, Wang X, Levine RL, Chen Z, Tsirigos A, Elemento O, Mason CE, Melnick AM. Smc3 dosage regulates B cell transit through germinal centers and restricts their malignant transformation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:240-253. [PMID: 33432228 PMCID: PMC7855695 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During the germinal center (GC) reaction, B cells undergo extensive redistribution of cohesin complex and three-dimensional reorganization of their genomes. Yet, the significance of cohesin and architectural programming in the humoral immune response is unknown. Herein we report that homozygous deletion of Smc3, encoding the cohesin ATPase subunit, abrogated GC formation, while, in marked contrast, Smc3 haploinsufficiency resulted in GC hyperplasia, skewing of GC polarity and impaired plasma cell (PC) differentiation. Genome-wide chromosomal conformation and transcriptional profiling revealed defects in GC B cell terminal differentiation programs controlled by the lymphoma epigenetic tumor suppressors Tet2 and Kmt2d and failure of Smc3-haploinsufficient GC B cells to switch from B cell- to PC-defining transcription factors. Smc3 haploinsufficiency preferentially impaired the connectivity of enhancer elements controlling various lymphoma tumor suppressor genes, and, accordingly, Smc3 haploinsufficiency accelerated lymphomagenesis in mice with constitutive Bcl6 expression. Collectively, our data indicate a dose-dependent function for cohesin in humoral immunity to facilitate the B cell to PC phenotypic switch while restricting malignant transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/deficiency
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/deficiency
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/deficiency
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dioxygenases
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Haploinsufficiency
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Cohesins
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A Rivas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matt F Challman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daleum Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhavneet Bhinder
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron D Viny
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matt R Teater
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dylan R McNally
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley S Doane
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hao Shen
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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