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Xu QY, Zheng XQ, Ye WM, Yi DY, Li Z, Meng QQ, Tong ML, Liu D, Yang TC. Platelet-derived major histocompatibility complex class I coating on Treponema pallidum attenuates natural killer cell lethality. Virulence 2024; 15:2350892. [PMID: 38745370 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2350892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The evasive tactics of Treponema pallidum pose a major challenge in combating and eradicating syphilis. Natural killer (NK) cells mediate important effector functions in the control of pathogenic infection, preferentially eliminating targets with low or no expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. To clarify T. pallidum's mechanisms in evading NK-mediated immunosurveillance, experiments were performed to explore the cross-talk relations among T. pallidum, NK cells, and platelets. T. pallidum adhered to, activated, and promoted particle secretion of platelets. After preincubation with T. pallidum, platelets expressed and secreted high levels of MHC class I, subsequently transferring them to the surface of T. pallidum, potentially inducing an immune phenotype characterized by the "pseudo-expression" of MHC class I on the surface of T. pallidum (hereafter referred to a "pseudo-expression" of MHC class I). The polA mRNA assay showed that platelet-preincubated T. pallidum group exhibited a significantly higher copy number of polA transcript than the T. pallidum group. The survival rate of T. pallidum mirrored that of polA mRNA, indicating that preincubation of T. pallidum with platelets attenuated NK cell lethality. Platelets pseudo-expressed the MHC class I ligand on the T. pallidum surface, facilitating binding to killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with two immunoglobulin domains and long cytoplasmic tail 3 (KIR2DL3) on NK cells and initiating dephosphorylation of Vav1 and phosphorylation of Crk, ultimately attenuating NK cell lethality. Our findings elucidate the mechanism by which platelets transfer MHC class I to the T. pallidum surface to evade NK cell immune clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Xu
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zheng
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Ming Ye
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dong-Yu Yi
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ze Li
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Qi Meng
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Man-Li Tong
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Hiho SJ, Levvey BJ, Diviney MB, Brooks AG, Holdsworth R, Snell GI, Westall GP, Sullivan LC. HLA-C mismatching improves outcomes following lung transplantation. HLA 2024; 103:e15544. [PMID: 38924641 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
HLA (HLA) are a major barrier to transplant success, as HLA-A and -B molecules are principal ligands for T-cells, and HLA-C for Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR), directing Natural Killer (NK) cell function. HLA-C molecules are designated "C1" or "C2" ligands based on residues 77 and 80, which determine the NK cell responses. Here, we investigated donor/recipient HLA-C mismatch associations with the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) following lung transplantation (LTx). 310 LTx donor/recipient pairs were Next Generation Sequenced and assessed for C1 and C2 allotypes. PIRCHE scores were used to quantify HLA mismatching between donor/recipients at amino acid level and stratify recipients into low, moderate or highly mismatched groups (n = 103-104). Associations between C ligands and freedom from CLAD was assessed with Cox regression models and survival curves. C2/C2 recipients (n = 42) had less CLAD than those with C1/C1 (n = 138) or C1/C2 genotypes (n = 130) (p < 0.05). Incidence of CLAD was lower in C2/C2 recipients receiving a mismatched C1/C1 allograft (n = 14), compared to matched (n = 8) or heterozygous (n = 20) allografts. Furthermore, ~80% of these recipients (C2/C2 recipients receiving C1/C1 transplants) remained CLAD-free for 10 years post-LTx. Recipients with higher HLA-C mismatching had less CLAD (p < 0.05) an observation not explained by linkage disequilibrium with other HLA loci. Our data implicates a role for HLA-C in CLAD development. HLA-C mismatching was not detrimental to LTx outcome, but potentially beneficial, representing a paradigm shift in assessing donor/recipient matching. This may inform better selection of donor/recipient pairs and potentially more targeted approaches to treating CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Hiho
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J Levvey
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary B Diviney
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhonda Holdsworth
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory I Snell
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Lung Transplant Service, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, South Australian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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3
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Petrov S, Taskov H, Murdjeva M. Guardians of immunity: NK cell-mediated defense in COVID-19 and post-COVID scenarios. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2024; 66:12-18. [PMID: 38426460 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.66.e113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has left a lasting impact on global health, challenging communities, healthcare systems, and researchers worldwide. As we navigate this unprecedented crisis, this paper embarks on a multifaceted exploration of the pivotal role played by natural killer (NK) cells in the context of COVID-19. A significant portion of this paper is devoted to dissecting the nuanced role that NK cells assume in the context of COVID-19. From the initial acute infection to post-recovery immunity, NK cells emerge as critical players. We scrutinize the activation and dysregulation of NK cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection, shedding light on their potential contribution to disease severity. Moreover, we explore the fascinating landscape of post-COVID immunity, where NK cells are known to interact with adaptive immune responses, providing a foundation for long-term protection. In light of their central role, we investigate therapeutic strategies targeting NK cells in COVID-19 management, presenting an overview of current research efforts and their promise in mitigating disease progression. Lastly, we draw attention to research gaps, emphasizing the need for further investigation into NK cell dynamics during COVID-19. These gaps represent opportunities for advancing our understanding of NK cell biology and, by extension, enhancing our strategies for combating this global health crisis. This comprehensive exploration not only highlights the intricate interplay between NK cells and the COVID-19 pandemic but also underscores the importance of these innate immune warriors in shaping both the acute response and long-term immunity, ultimately contributing to the broader discourse surrounding the pandemic's pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.
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Martín-Sierra C, Bravo MJ, Sáez ME, De Rojas I, Santos M, Martín-Carmona J, Corma-Gómez A, González-Serna A, Royo JL, Pineda JA, Rivero A, Rivero-Juárez A, Macías J, Real LM. The absence of seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus is not related to KIR-HLA genotype combinations (GEHEP-012 study). Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105795. [PMID: 38181855 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has been reported that specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA genotype combinations, such as KIR2DS4/HLA-C1 with presence of KIRDL2 or KIRDL3, homozygous KIRDL3/HLA-C1 and KIR3DL1/≥2HLA-Bw4, are strongly associated with the lack of active infection and seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus (HCV). OBJECTIVE To determine whether these KIR-HLA combinations are relevant factors involved in that phenotype. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective case-control study, genotype data from a genome-wide association study previously performed on low susceptibility to HCV-infection carried out on 27 high-risk HCV-seronegative (HRSN) individuals and 743 chronically infected (CI) subjects were used. HLA alleles were imputed using R package HIBAG v1.2223 and KIR genotypes were imputed using the online resource KIR*IMP v1.2.0. RESULTS It was possible to successfully impute at least one KIR-HLA genotype combination previously associated with the lack of infection and seroconversion after exposition to HCV in a total of 23 (85.2%) HRSN individuals and in 650 (87.5%) CI subjects. No KIR-HLA genotype combination analyzed was related to the HRSN condition. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that those KIR-HLA genotype combinations are not relevant factors involved in the lack of infection and seroconversion after exposition to HCV. More studies will be needed to completely understand this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martín-Sierra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme /CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María José Bravo
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Itziar De Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme /CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesica Martín-Carmona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme /CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anaïs Corma-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme /CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Serna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme /CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología. Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Royo
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A Pineda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme /CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Medicina. Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Macías
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme /CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Medicina. Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme /CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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5
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Tanimine N, Ohira M, Kurita E, Nakano R, Sakai H, Tahara H, Ide K, Kobayashi T, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Impact of KIR-HLA Genotype on Natural-Killer-Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Preventing Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Living-Donor Liver Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:533. [PMID: 38339284 PMCID: PMC10854659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have immunosurveillance potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed adaptive immunotherapy using donor-liver-derived natural killer (NK) cells after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) to prevent HCC recurrence. Dominant inhibitory signals tightly regulate NK cell activity via human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-specific inhibitory receptors, such as killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). The functional recognition of HLA through KIR raises the NK cell capacity, which is a process termed "licensing." Here, we investigated the effect of polymorphic KIR-HLA genotypes on the efficacy of NK-cell-based immunotherapy after LDLT. Seventy-seven Japanese recipients with HCC who underwent LDLT and their corresponding donors between 1996 and 2016 were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up period was 8.3 years. The HCC recurrence risk was stratified using radiological and pathological assessments according to the Milan criteria. Of the 77 recipients, 38 received immunotherapy. Immunotherapy improves early post-transplantation survival and lowers the recurrence rate in the intermediate-risk recipients. We analyzed the genotypes of five inhibitory KIRs and HLA using sequence-specific polymorphism-based typing. The polymorphic KIR-HLA genotype revealed that genetically vulnerable liver transplant recipients with a poorly licensed NK genotype have an improved prognosis by immunotherapy with donor-liver-derived NK cells. Thus, the combination of recipient and donor KIR-HLA genotypes is worthy of attention for further investigation, especially considering the clinical application of NK-cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center, Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure 737-0023, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Emi Kurita
- Division of Blood Transfusion Services, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplantation Surgery, Graduates School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan; (N.T.); (M.O.); (R.N.); (H.S.); (H.T.); (K.I.); (T.K.); (Y.T.)
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6
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Montero-Martin G, Kichula KM, Misra MK, Vargas LB, Marin WM, Hollenbach JA, Fernández-Viña MA, Elfishawi S, Norman PJ. Exceptional diversity of KIR and HLA class I in Egypt. HLA 2024; 103:e15177. [PMID: 37528739 PMCID: PMC11068459 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetically determined variation of killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR) and their HLA class I ligands affects multiple aspects of human health. Their extreme diversity is generated through complex interplay of natural selection for pathogen resistance and reproductive health, combined with demographic structure and dispersal. Despite significant importance to multiple health conditions of differential effect across populations, the nature and extent of immunogenetic diversity is under-studied for many geographic regions. Here, we describe the first high-resolution analysis of KIR and HLA class I combinatorial diversity in Northern Africa. Analysis of 125 healthy unrelated individuals from Cairo in Egypt yielded 186 KIR alleles arranged in 146 distinct centromeric and 79 distinct telomeric haplotypes. The most frequent haplotypes observed were KIR-A, encoding two inhibitory receptors specific for HLA-C, two that are specific for HLA-A and -B, and no activating receptors. Together with 141 alleles of HLA class I, 75 of which encode a KIR ligand, we identified a mean of six distinct interacting pairs of inhibitory KIR and HLA allotypes per individual. We additionally characterize 16 KIR alleles newly identified in the study population. Our findings place Egyptians as one of the most highly diverse populations worldwide, with important implications for transplant matching and studies of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M. Kichula
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maneesh K. Misra
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luciana B. Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wesley M. Marin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sally Elfishawi
- BMT lab unit, Clinical Pathology Dept., National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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7
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Lee MJ, Blish CA. Defining the role of natural killer cells in COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1628-1638. [PMID: 37460639 PMCID: PMC10538371 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effectors of antiviral immunity. Researchers have therefore sought to characterize the NK cell response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The NK cells of patients with severe COVID-19 undergo extensive phenotypic and functional changes. For example, the NK cells from critically ill patients with COVID-19 are highly activated and exhausted, with poor cytotoxic function and cytokine production upon stimulation. The NK cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is also modulated by changes induced in virally infected cells, including the ability of a viral peptide to bind HLA-E, preventing NK cells from receiving inhibitory signals, and the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D. These changes have important implications for the ability of infected cells to escape NK cell killing. The implications of these findings for antibody-dependent NK cell activity in COVID-19 are also reviewed. Despite these advances in the understanding of the NK cell response to SARS-CoV-2, there remain critical gaps in our current understanding and a wealth of avenues for future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Lee
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Kiaei SZF, Nouralishahi A, Ghasemirad M, Barkhordar M, Ghaffari S, Kheradjoo H, Saleh M, Mohammadzadehsaliani S, Molaeipour Z. Advances in natural killer cell therapies for breast cancer. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:705-726. [PMID: 37282729 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer death in women. According to the American Cancer Society's yearly cancer statistics, BC constituted almost 15% of all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2022 for both sexes. Metastatic disease occurs in 30% of patients with BC. The currently available treatments fail to cure metastatic BC, and the average survival time for patients with metastatic BC is approximately 2 years. Developing a treatment method that terminates cancer stem cells without harming healthy cells is the primary objective of novel therapeutics. Adoptive cell therapy is a branch of cancer immunotherapy that utilizes the immune cells to attack cancer cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are an essential component of innate immunity and are critical in destroying tumor cells without prior stimulation with antigens. With the advent of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), the autologous or allogeneic use of NK/CAR-NK cell therapy has raised new hopes for treating patients with cancer. Here, we describe recent developments in NK and CAR-NK cell immunotherapy, including the biology and function of NK cells, clinical trials, different sources of NK cells and their future perspectives on BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Fotook Kiaei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ghasemirad
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Barkhordar
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center (HORCSCT), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Ghaffari
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Mahshid Saleh
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Zahra Molaeipour
- Hematology Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Philippon C, Tao S, Clement D, Haroun-Izquierdo A, Kichula KM, Netskar H, Brandt L, Oei VS, Kanaya M, Lanuza PM, Schaffer M, Goodridge JP, Horowitz A, Zhu F, Hammer Q, Sohlberg E, Majhi RK, Kveberg L, Önfelt B, Norman PJ, Malmberg KJ. Allelic variation of KIR and HLA tunes the cytolytic payload and determines functional hierarchy of NK cell repertoires. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4492-4504. [PMID: 37327114 PMCID: PMC10440473 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionality of natural killer (NK) cells is tuned during education and is associated with remodeling of the lysosomal compartment. We hypothesized that genetic variation in killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and HLA, which is known to influence the functional strength of NK cells, fine-tunes the payload of effector molecules stored in secretory lysosomes. To address this possibility, we performed a high-resolution analysis of KIR and HLA class I genes in 365 blood donors and linked genotypes to granzyme B loading and functional phenotypes. We found that granzyme B levels varied across individuals but were stable over time in each individual and genetically determined by allelic variation in HLA class I genes. A broad mapping of surface receptors and lysosomal effector molecules revealed that DNAM-1 and granzyme B levels served as robust metric of the functional state in NK cells. Variation in granzyme B levels at rest was tightly linked to the lytic hit and downstream killing of major histocompatibility complex-deficient target cells. Together, these data provide insights into how variation in genetically hardwired receptor pairs tunes the releasable granzyme B pool in NK cells, resulting in predictable hierarchies in global NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Philippon
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), Institute for Clinical medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudan Tao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dennis Clement
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), Institute for Clinical medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alvaro Haroun-Izquierdo
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine M. Kichula
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Herman Netskar
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), Institute for Clinical medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludwig Brandt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Sheng Oei
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), Institute for Clinical medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Minoru Kanaya
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), Institute for Clinical medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pilar Maria Lanuza
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Schaffer
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Amir Horowitz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Marc and Jennifer Lipshultz Precision Immunology Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Faming Zhu
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebba Sohlberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rakesh Kumar Majhi
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), Institute for Clinical medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Kveberg
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), Institute for Clinical medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), Institute for Clinical medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Feils AS, Erbe AK, Birstler J, Kim K, Hoch U, Currie SL, Nguyen T, Yu D, Siefker-Radtke AO, Tannir N, Tolaney SM, Diab A, Sondel PM. Associations between KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes and clinical outcome for patients with advanced solid tumors receiving BEMPEG plus nivolumab combination therapy in the PIVOT-02 trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2099-2111. [PMID: 36823323 PMCID: PMC10264535 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG), a CD122-preferential IL2 pathway agonist, has been shown to induce proliferation and activation of NK cells. NK activation is dependent on the balance of inhibitory and excitatory signals transmitted by NK receptors, including Fc-gamma receptors (FCγRs) and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) along with their KIR-ligands. The repertoire of KIRs/KIR-ligands an individual inherits and the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FCγRs can influence NK function and affect responses to immunotherapies. In this retrospective analysis of the single-arm PIVOT-02 trial, 200 patients with advanced solid tumors were genotyped for KIR/KIR-ligand gene status and FCγR SNP status and evaluated for associations with clinical outcome. Patients with inhibitory KIR2DL2 and its ligand (HLA-C1) observed significantly greater tumor shrinkage (TS, median change -13.0 vs. 0%) and increased PFS (5.5 vs. 3.3 months) and a trend toward improved OR (31.2 vs. 19.5%) compared to patients with the complementary genotype. Furthermore, patients with KIR2DL2 and its ligand together with inhibitory KIR3DL1 and its ligand (HLA-Bw4) had improved OR (36.5 vs. 19.6%), greater TS (median change -16.1 vs. 0%), and a trend toward prolonged PFS (8.4 vs. 3.6 months) as compared to patients with the complementary genotype. FCγR polymorphisms did not influence OR/PFS/TS.These data show that clinical response to BEMPEG plus nivolumab treatment in the PIVOT-02 trial may be associated with the repertoire of KIR/KIR-ligands an individual inherits. Further investigation and validation of these results may enable KIR/KIR-ligand genotyping to be utilized prospectively for identifying patients likely to benefit from certain cancer immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Feils
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Birstler
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - U Hoch
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - T Nguyen
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Yu
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - N Tannir
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Diab
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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11
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Naruse TK, Konishi-Takemura M, Yanagida R, Sharma G, Vajpayee M, Terunuma H, Mehra NK, Kaur G, Kimura A. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor three domains long cytoplasmic tail 1 gene *007 may modulate disease progression of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in the Japanese population. Int J Immunogenet 2023; 50:48-52. [PMID: 36807537 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the KIR allele, KIR3DL1*007, was associated with the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and not with the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in the Japanese and Indian populations, implying that KIR3DL1*007-positive NK cells might eliminate HIV-infected cells less effectively than NK cells bearing the other KIR3DL1 alleles or KIR3DS1 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko K Naruse
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Konishi-Takemura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Yanagida
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Vajpayee
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Narinder K Mehra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Rascle P, Woolley G, Jost S, Manickam C, Reeves RK. NK cell education: Physiological and pathological influences. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087155. [PMID: 36742337 PMCID: PMC9896005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent a critical defense against viral infections and cancers. NK cells require integration of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors to detect target cells and the balance of these NK cell inputs defines the global NK cell response. The sensitivity of the response is largely defined by interactions between self-major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules and specific inhibitory NK cell receptors, so-called NK cell education. Thus, NK cell education is a crucial process to generate tuned effector NK cell responses in different diseases. In this review, we discuss the relationship between NK cell education and physiologic factors (type of self-MHC-I, self-MHC-I allelic variants, variant of the self-MHC-I-binding peptides, cytokine effects and inhibitory KIR expression) underlying NK cell education profiles (effector function or metabolism). Additionally, we describe the broad-spectrum of effector educated NK cell functions on different pathologies (such as HIV-1, CMV and tumors, among others).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rascle
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Griffin Woolley
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Hematian Larki M, Ashouri E, Barani S, Ghayumi SMA, Ghaderi A, Rajalingam R. KIR-HLA gene diversities and susceptibility to lung cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17237. [PMID: 36241658 PMCID: PMC9568660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are essential for acquiring natural killer (NK) cell effector function, which is modulated by a balance between the net input of signals derived from inhibitory and activating receptors through engagement by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands. KIR and HLA loci are polygenic and polymorphic and exhibit substantial variation between individuals and populations. We attempted to investigate the contribution of KIR complex and HLA class I ligands to the genetic predisposition to lung cancer in the native population of southern Iran. We genotyped 16 KIR genes for a total of 232 patients with lung cancer and 448 healthy controls (HC), among which 85 patients and 178 HCs were taken into account for evaluating combined KIR-HLA associations. KIR2DL2 and 2DS2 were increased significantly in patients than in controls, individually (OR 1.63, and OR 1.42, respectively) and in combination with HLA-C1 ligands (OR 1.99, and OR 1.93, respectively). KIR3DS1 (OR 0.67) and 2DS1 (OR 0.69) were more likely presented in controls in the absence of their relative ligands. The incidence of CxTx subset was increased in lung cancer patients (OR 1.83), and disease risk strikingly increased by more than fivefold among genotype ID19 carriers (a CxTx genotype that carries 2DL2 in the absence of 2DS2, OR 5.92). We found that genotypes with iKIRs > aKIRs (OR 1.67) were more frequently presented in lung cancer patients. Additionally, patients with lung cancer were more likely to carry the combination of CxTx/2DS2 compared to controls (OR 2.04), and iKIRs > aKIRs genotypes in the presence of 2DL2 (OR 2.05) increased the likelihood of lung cancer development. Here we report new susceptibility factors and the contribution of KIR and HLA-I encoding genes to lung cancer risk, highlighting an array of genetic effects and disease setting which regulates NK cell responsiveness. Our results suggest that inherited KIR genes and HLA-I ligands specifying the educational state of NK cells can modify lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hematian Larki
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Ashouri
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shaghik Barani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seiyed Mohammad Ali Ghayumi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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14
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells comprise a unique population of innate lymphoid cells endowed with intrinsic abilities to identify and eliminate virally infected cells and tumour cells. Possessing multiple cytotoxicity mechanisms and the ability to modulate the immune response through cytokine production, NK cells play a pivotal role in anticancer immunity. This role was elucidated nearly two decades ago, when NK cells, used as immunotherapeutic agents, showed safety and efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage leukaemia. In recent years, following the paradigm-shifting successes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered adoptive T cell therapy and the advancement in technologies that can turn cells into powerful antitumour weapons, the interest in NK cells as a candidate for immunotherapy has grown exponentially. Strategies for the development of NK cell-based therapies focus on enhancing NK cell potency and persistence through co-stimulatory signalling, checkpoint inhibition and cytokine armouring, and aim to redirect NK cell specificity to the tumour through expression of CAR or the use of engager molecules. In the clinic, the first generation of NK cell therapies have delivered promising results, showing encouraging efficacy and remarkable safety, thus driving great enthusiasm for continued innovation. In this Review, we describe the various approaches to augment NK cell cytotoxicity and longevity, evaluate challenges and opportunities, and reflect on how lessons learned from the clinic will guide the design of next-generation NK cell products that will address the unique complexities of each cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J Laskowski
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Biederstädt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Harnessing natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: dispatching the first responders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:559-577. [PMID: 35314852 PMCID: PMC10019065 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have crucial roles in the innate immunosurveillance of cancer and viral infections. They are 'first responders' that can spontaneously recognize abnormal cells in the body, rapidly eliminate them through focused cytotoxicity mechanisms and potently produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate other immune cells to initiate an adaptive response. From the initial discovery of the diverse cell surface receptors on NK cells to the characterization of regulatory events that control their function, our understanding of the basic biology of NK cells has improved dramatically in the past three decades. This advanced knowledge has revealed increased mechanistic complexity, which has opened the doors to the development of a plethora of exciting new therapeutics that can effectively manipulate and target NK cell functional responses, particularly in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the basic mechanisms that regulate NK cell biology, review a wide variety of drugs, cytokines and antibodies currently being developed and used to stimulate NK cell responses, and outline evolving NK cell adoptive transfer approaches to treat cancer.
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16
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Pollock NR, Harrison GF, Norman PJ. Immunogenomics of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) and HLA Class I: Coevolution and Consequences for Human Health. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1763-1775. [PMID: 35561968 PMCID: PMC10038757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of killer cell immunoglobin-like receptors (KIR) with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I regulate effector functions of key cytotoxic cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The extreme diversity of this interaction is genetically determined, having evolved in the ever-changing environment of pathogen exposure. Diversity of KIR and HLA genes is further facilitated by their independent segregation on separate chromosomes. That fetal implantation relies on many of the same types of immune cells as infection control places certain constraints on the evolution of KIR interactions with HLA. Consequently, specific inherited combinations of receptors and ligands may predispose to specific immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmunity. Combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA class I can also differentiate success rates of immunotherapy directed to these diseases. Progress toward both etiopathology and predicting response to therapy is being achieved through detailed characterization of the extent and consequences of the combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA. Achieving these goals is more tractable with the development of integrated analyses of molecular evolution, function, and pathology that will establish guidelines for understanding and managing risks. Here, we present what is known about the coevolution of KIR with HLA class I and the impact of their complexity on immune function and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Pollock
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Genelle F Harrison
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo.
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17
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Zamir MR, Shahi A, Salehi S, Amirzargar A. Natural killer cells and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in solid organ transplantation: Protectors or opponents? Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2022; 36:100723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2022.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Feng Q, Zhou M, Li S, Morimoto L, Hansen H, Myint SS, Wang R, Metayer C, Kang A, Fear AL, Pappas D, Erlich H, Hollenbach JA, Mancuso N, Trachtenberg E, de Smith AJ, Ma X, Wiemels JL. Interaction between maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and offspring HLAs and susceptibility of childhood ALL. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3756-3766. [PMID: 35500222 PMCID: PMC9631572 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is associated with a distinct neonatal cytokine profile. The basis of this neonatal immune phenotype is unknown but potentially related to maternal-fetal immune receptor interactions. We conducted a case-control study of 226 case child-mother pairs and 404 control child-mother pairs to evaluate the role of interaction between HLA genotypes in the offspring and maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes in the etiology of childhood ALL, while considering potential mediation by neonatal cytokines and the immune-modulating enzyme arginase-II (ARG-II). We observed different associations between offspring HLA-maternal KIR activating profiles and the risk of ALL in different predicted genetic ancestry groups. For instance, in Latino subjects who experience the highest risk of childhood leukemia, activating profiles were significantly associated with a lower risk of childhood ALL (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.71) and a higher level of ARG-II at birth (coefficient = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.22). HLA-KIR activating profiles were also associated with a lower risk of ALL in non-Latino Asians (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.38-1.01), although they had a lower tumor necrosis factor-α level (coefficient = -0.27; 95% CI, -0.49 to -0.06). Among non-Latino White subjects, no significant association was observed between offspring HLA-maternal KIR interaction and ALL risk or cytokine levels. The current study reports the association between offspring HLA-maternal KIR interaction and the development of childhood ALL with variation by predicted genetic ancestry. We also observed some associations between activating profiles and immune factors related to cytokine control; however, cytokines did not demonstrate causal mediation of the activating profiles on ALL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Feng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Libby Morimoto
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Helen Hansen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Swe Swe Myint
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Alice Kang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Anna Lisa Fear
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Derek Pappas
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Henry Erlich
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Adam J. de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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19
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Hammer C, Mellman I. Coming of Age: Human Genomics and the Cancer-Immune Set Point. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:674-679. [PMID: 35471657 PMCID: PMC9306278 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is largely a disease of the tumor cell genome. As a result, the majority of genetics research in oncology has concentrated on the role of tumor somatic mutations, as well as inherited risk variants, in disease susceptibility and response to targeted treatments. The advent and success of cancer immunotherapies, however, have opened new perspectives for the investigation of the role of inherited genetic variation in codetermining outcome and safety. It is increasingly likely that the entirety of germline genetic variation involved in regulating immune responses accounts for a significant fraction of the observed variability in responses to cancer immunotherapies. Although germline genetic data from patients treated with cancer immunotherapies are still scarce, this line of research benefits from a vast body of knowledge derived from studies into autoimmune and infectious disease phenotypes, thus not requiring a start from a blank slate. Here, we discuss how a thorough investigation of genomic variation relevant for individuals' variability in (auto)immune responses can contribute to the discovery of novel treatment approaches and drug targets, and yield predictive biomarkers to stratify cancer patient populations in precision and personalized medicine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hammer
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California.,Corresponding Author: Christian Hammer, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080. Phone: 650-452-9622; E-mail:
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20
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Bernard NF, Alsulami K, Pavey E, Dupuy FP. NK Cells in Protection from HIV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061143. [PMID: 35746615 PMCID: PMC9231282 DOI: 10.3390/v14061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some people, known as HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals, remain uninfected despite high levels of exposure to HIV. Understanding the mechanisms underlying their apparent resistance to HIV infection may inform strategies designed to protect against HIV infection. Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells whose activation state depends on the integration of activating and inhibitory signals arising from cell surface receptors interacting with their ligands on neighboring cells. Inhibitory NK cell receptors use a subset of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I antigens as ligands. This interaction educates NK cells, priming them to respond to cells with reduced MHC class I antigen expression levels as occurs on HIV-infected cells. NK cells can interact with both autologous HIV-infected cells and allogeneic cells bearing MHC antigens seen as non self by educated NK cells. NK cells are rapidly activated upon interacting with HIV-infected or allogenic cells to elicit anti-viral activity that blocks HIV spread to new target cells, suppresses HIV replication, and kills HIV-infected cells before HIV reservoirs can be seeded and infection can be established. In this manuscript, we will review the epidemiological and functional evidence for a role for NK cells in protection from HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F. Bernard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A3J1, Canada; (K.A.); (E.P.); (F.P.D.)
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-934-1934 (ext. 44584)
| | - Khlood Alsulami
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A3J1, Canada; (K.A.); (E.P.); (F.P.D.)
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Erik Pavey
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A3J1, Canada; (K.A.); (E.P.); (F.P.D.)
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Franck P. Dupuy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A3J1, Canada; (K.A.); (E.P.); (F.P.D.)
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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21
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Alexandrova M, Manchorova D, Dimova T. Immunity at maternal-fetal interface: KIR/HLA (Allo)recognition. Immunol Rev 2022; 308:55-76. [PMID: 35610960 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both KIR and HLA are the most variable gene families in the human genome. The recognition of the semi-allogeneic embryo-derived trophoblasts by maternal decidual NK (dNK) cells is essential for the establishment of the functional placenta. This recognition is based on the KIR-HLA interactions and trophoblast expresses a specific HLA profile that constitutes classical polymorphic HLA-C and non-classical oligomorphic HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G molecules. This review highlights some features of the KIR/HLA-C (allo)recognition by decidual NK (dNK) cells as a main immune cell population specifically enriched at maternal-fetal interface during human early pregnancy. How KIR/HLA-C axis operates in pregnancy disorders and in the context of transplacental infections is discussed as well. We summarized old and new data on dNK-cell functional plasticity, their selective expression of KIR and fetal maternal/paternal HLA-C haplotypes present. Results showed that KIR-HLA-C combinations and the corresponding axis operate differently in each pregnancy, determined by the variability of both maternal KIR haplotypes and fetus' maternal/paternal HLA-C allotype combinations. Moreover, the maturation of NK cells strongly depends on if or not HLA allotypes for certain KIR are present. We suggest that the unique KIR/HLA combinations reached in each pregnancy (normal and pathological) should be studied according to well-defined guidelines and unified methodologies to have comparable results ease to interpret and use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alexandrova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Manchorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Dimova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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22
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Bernard NF, Kant S, Kiani Z, Tremblay C, Dupuy FP. Natural Killer Cells in Antibody Independent and Antibody Dependent HIV Control. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879124. [PMID: 35720328 PMCID: PMC9205404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), when left untreated, typically leads to disease progression towards acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Some people living with HIV (PLWH) control their virus to levels below the limit of detection of standard viral load assays, without treatment. As such, they represent examples of a functional HIV cure. These individuals, called Elite Controllers (ECs), are rare, making up <1% of PLWH. Genome wide association studies mapped genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I region as important in HIV control. ECs have potent virus specific CD8+ T cell responses often restricted by protective MHC class I antigens. Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells whose activation state depends on the integration of activating and inhibitory signals arising from cell surface receptors interacting with their ligands on neighboring cells. Inhibitory NK cell receptors also use a subset of MHC class I antigens as ligands. This interaction educates NK cells, priming them to respond to HIV infected cell with reduced MHC class I antigen expression levels. NK cells can also be activated through the crosslinking of the activating NK cell receptor, CD16, which binds the fragment crystallizable portion of immunoglobulin G. This mode of activation confers NK cells with specificity to HIV infected cells when the antigen binding portion of CD16 bound immunoglobulin G recognizes HIV Envelope on infected cells. Here, we review the role of NK cells in antibody independent and antibody dependent HIV control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F. Bernard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Nicole F. Bernard,
| | - Sanket Kant
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zahra Kiani
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Franck P. Dupuy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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23
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Maruthamuthu S, Rajalingam K, Kaur N, Morvan MG, Soto J, Lee N, Kong D, Hu Z, Reyes K, Ng D, Butte AJ, Chiu C, Rajalingam R. Individualized Constellation of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Cognate HLA Class I Ligands that Controls Natural Killer Cell Antiviral Immunity Predisposes COVID-19. Front Genet 2022; 13:845474. [PMID: 35273641 PMCID: PMC8902362 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.845474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in some individuals, while the majority remain asymptomatic. Natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in antiviral defense. NK cell maturation and function are regulated mainly by highly polymorphic killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and cognate HLA class I ligands. Herein, we tested our hypothesis that the individualized KIR and HLA class I ligand combinations that control NK cell function determine the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We characterized KIR and HLA genes in 200 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and 195 healthy general population controls. Results: The KIR3DL1+HLA-Bw4+ [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, p = 0.03] and KIR3DL2+HLA-A3/11+ (OR = 0.6, p = 0.02) combinations were encountered at significantly lower frequency in COVID-19 patients than in the controls. Notably, 40% of the patients lacked both of these KIR+HLA+ combinations compared to 24.6% of the controls (OR = 2.04, p = 0.001). Additionally, activating receptors KIR2DS1+KIR2DS5+ are more frequent in patients with severe COVID-19 than patients with mild disease (OR = 1.8, p = 0.05). Individuals carrying KIR2DS1+KIR2DS5+ genes but missing either KIR3DL1+HLA-Bw4+ combination (OR = 1.73, p = 0.04) or KIR3DL2+HLA-A3/11+ combination (OR = 1.75, p = 0.02) or both KIR3DL1+HLA-Bw4+ and KIR2DL2+HLA-A3/11+ combinations (OR = 1.63, p = 0.03) were more frequent in the COVID-19 cohort compared to controls. Conclusions: The absence of KIR3DL1+HLA-Bw4+ and KIR3DL2+HLA-A3/11+ combinations presumably yields inadequate NK cell maturation and reduces anti-SARS-CoV-2 defense, causing COVID-19. An increased frequency of KIR2DS1+KIR2DS5+ in severe COVID-19 patients suggests vigorous NK cell response triggered via these activating receptors and subsequent production of exuberant inflammatory cytokines responsible for severe COVID-19. Our results demonstrate that specific KIR-HLA combinations that control NK cell maturation and function are underlying immunogenetic variables that determine the dual role of NK cells in mediating beneficial antiviral and detrimental pathologic action. These findings offer a framework for developing potential host genetic biomarkers to distinguish individuals prone to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stalinraja Maruthamuthu
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karan Rajalingam
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Navchetan Kaur
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maelig G Morvan
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jair Soto
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Lee
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Denice Kong
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Reyes
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dianna Ng
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Atul J Butte
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Charles Chiu
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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24
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Harrison GF, Leaton LA, Harrison EA, Kichula KM, Viken MK, Shortt J, Gignoux CR, Lie BA, Vukcevic D, Leslie S, Norman PJ. Allele imputation for the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL1/S1. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009059. [PMID: 35192601 PMCID: PMC8896733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly polymorphic interaction of KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1 with HLA class I ligands modulates the effector functions of natural killer (NK) cells and some T cells. This genetically determined diversity affects severity of infections, immune-mediated diseases, and some cancers, and impacts the course of immunotherapies, including transplantation. KIR3DL1 is an inhibitory receptor, and KIR3DS1 is an activating receptor encoded by the KIR3DL1/S1 gene that has more than 200 diverse and divergent alleles. Determination of KIR3DL1/S1 genotypes for medical application is hampered by complex sequence and structural variation, requiring targeted approaches to generate and analyze high-resolution allele data. To overcome these obstacles, we developed and optimized a model for imputing KIR3DL1/S1 alleles at high-resolution from whole-genome SNP data. We designed the model to represent a substantial component of human genetic diversity. Our Global imputation model is effective at genotyping KIR3DL1/S1 alleles with an accuracy ranging from 88% in Africans to 97% in East Asians, with mean specificity of 99% and sensitivity of 95% for alleles >1% frequency. We used the established algorithm of the HIBAG program, in a modification named Pulling Out Natural killer cell Genomics (PONG). Because HIBAG was designed to impute HLA alleles also from whole-genome SNP data, PONG allows combinatorial diversity of KIR3DL1/S1 with HLA-A and -B to be analyzed using complementary techniques on a single data source. The use of PONG thus negates the need for targeted sequencing data in very large-scale association studies where such methods might not be tractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genelle F. Harrison
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Laura Ann Leaton
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Erica A. Harrison
- Independent Researcher, Broomfield, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Kichula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marte K. Viken
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan Shortt
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Gignoux
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Benedicte A. Lie
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Damjan Vukcevic
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Leslie
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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25
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Charreau B. Cellular and Molecular Crosstalk of Graft Endothelial Cells During AMR: Effector Functions and Mechanisms. Transplantation 2021; 105:e156-e167. [PMID: 33724240 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Graft endothelial cell (EC) injury is central to the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). The ability of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to bind C1q and activate the classical complement pathway is an efficient predictor of graft rejection highlighting complement-dependent cytotoxicity as a key process operating during AMR. In the past 5 y, clinical studies further established the cellular and molecular signatures of AMR revealing the key contribution of other, IgG-dependent and -independent, effector mechanisms mediated by infiltrating NK cells and macrophages. Beyond binding to alloantigens, DSA IgG can activate NK cells and mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity through interacting with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) such as FcγRIIIa (CD16a). FcRn, a nonconventional FcγR that allows IgG recycling, is highly expressed on ECs and may contribute to the long-term persistence of DSA in blood. Activation of NK cells and macrophages results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IFNγ that induce transient and reversible changes in the EC phenotype and functions promoting coagulation, inflammation, vascular permeability, leukocyte trafficking. MHC class I mismatch between transplant donor and recipient can create a situation of "missing self" allowing NK cells to kill graft ECs. Depending on the microenvironment, cellular proximity with ECs may participate in macrophage polarization toward an M1 proinflammatory or an M2 phenotype favoring inflammation or vascular repair. Monocytes/macrophages participate in the loss of endothelial specificity in the process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition involved in renal and cardiac fibrosis and AMR and may differentiate into ECs enabling vessel and graft (re)-endothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Charreau
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et en Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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26
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Increased donor inhibitory KIR with known HLA interactions provide protection from relapse following HLA matched unrelated donor HCT for AML. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:2714-2722. [PMID: 34234295 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and KIR-ligand (KIRL) interactions play an important role in natural killer cell-mediated graft versus leukemia effect (GVL) after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) for AML. Accounting for known KIR-KIRL interactions may identify donors with optimal NK cell-mediated alloreactivity and GVL. A retrospective study of 2359 donor-recipient pairs (DRP) who underwent unrelated donor (URD) HCT for AML was performed. KIR-KIRL combinations were determined and associations with clinical outcomes examined. Relapse risk was reduced in DRP with both higher inhibitory KIR-KIRL (iKIR) and missing KIRL (mKIR) scores, with HR 0.86 (P = 0.01) & HR 0.84 (P = 0.02) respectively. The iKIR and mKIR score components were summed to give a maximal inhibitory KIR ligand (IM-KIR) score for each donor, which if it was 5, as opposed to <5, was also associated with a lower relapse risk, SHR 0.8 (P = 0.004). All IM = 5 donors possess KIR Haplotype B/x. Transplant-related mortality was increased among those with IM-KIR = 5, HR, 1.32 (P = 0.01). In a subset analysis of those transplanted with 8/8 HLA-matched DRP, anti-thymocyte globulin recipients with IM-KIR = 5, had a lower relapse rate HR, 0.61 (p = 0.001). This study demonstrates that HLA-matched unrelated donors with the highest inhibitory KIR content confer relapse protection, albeit with increased TRM. These donors all have KIR haplotype B. Clinical trials utilizing donors with a higher iKIR content in conjunction with novel strategies to reduce TRM should be considered for URD HCT in recipients with AML to optimize clinical outcomes.
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27
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Immel A, Key FM, Szolek A, Barquera R, Robinson MK, Harrison GF, Palmer WH, Spyrou MA, Susat J, Krause-Kyora B, Bos KI, Forrest S, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Sauter J, Solloch U, Schmidt AH, Schuenemann VJ, Reiter E, Kairies MS, Weiß R, Arnold S, Wahl J, Hollenbach JA, Kohlbacher O, Herbig A, Norman PJ, Krause J. Analysis of genomic DNA from medieval plague victims suggests long-term effect of Yersinia pestis on human immunity genes. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4059-4076. [PMID: 34002224 PMCID: PMC8476174 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens and associated outbreaks of infectious disease exert selective pressure on human populations, and any changes in allele frequencies that result may be especially evident for genes involved in immunity. In this regard, the 1346-1353 Yersinia pestis-caused Black Death pandemic, with continued plague outbreaks spanning several hundred years, is one of the most devastating recorded in human history. To investigate the potential impact of Y. pestis on human immunity genes we extracted DNA from 36 plague victims buried in a mass grave in Ellwangen, Germany in the 16th century. We targeted 488 immune-related genes, including HLA, using a novel in-solution hybridization capture approach. In comparison with 50 modern native inhabitants of Ellwangen, we find differences in allele frequencies for variants of the innate immunity proteins Ficolin-2 and NLRP14 at sites involved in determining specificity. We also observed that HLA-DRB1*13 is more than twice as frequent in the modern population, whereas HLA-B alleles encoding an isoleucine at position 80 (I-80+), HLA C*06:02 and HLA-DPB1 alleles encoding histidine at position 9 are half as frequent in the modern population. Simulations show that natural selection has likely driven these allele frequency changes. Thus, our data suggests that allele frequencies of HLA genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity responsible for extracellular and intracellular responses to pathogenic bacteria, such as Y. pestis, could have been affected by the historical epidemics that occurred in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Immel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix M Key
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - András Szolek
- Applied Bioinformatics, Dept. for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Madeline K Robinson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - Genelle F Harrison
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - William H Palmer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maria A Spyrou
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Susat
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kirsten I Bos
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephen Forrest
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diana I Hernández-Zaragoza
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Immunogenetics Unit, Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas a la Clínica (TGAC), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Verena J Schuenemann
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ella Reiter
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Madita S Kairies
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, WG Palaeoanthropology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Weiß
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Berliner Strasse 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Arnold
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Berliner Strasse 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, WG Palaeoanthropology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Berliner Strasse 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Jill A Hollenbach
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Dept. for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Quantitative Biology Center, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - Johannes Krause
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Tao S, He Y, Kichula KM, Wang J, He J, Norman PJ, Zhu F. High-Resolution Analysis Identifies High Frequency of KIR-A Haplotypes and Inhibitory Interactions of KIR With HLA Class I in Zhejiang Han. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640334. [PMID: 33995358 PMCID: PMC8121542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) interact with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, modulating critical NK cell functions in the maintenance of human health. Characterizing the distribution and characteristics of KIR and HLA allotype diversity across defined human populations is thus essential for understanding the multiple associations with disease, and for directing therapies. In this study of 176 Zhejiang Han individuals from Southeastern China, we describe diversity of the highly polymorphic KIR and HLA class I genes at high resolution. KIR-A haplotypes, which carry four inhibitory receptors specific for HLA-A, B or C, are known to associate with protection from infection and some cancers. We show the Chinese Southern Han from Zhejiang are characterized by a high frequency of KIR-A haplotypes and a high frequency of C1 KIR ligands. Accordingly, interactions of inhibitory KIR2DL3 with C1+HLA are more frequent in Zhejiang Han than populations outside East Asia. Zhejiang Han exhibit greater diversity of inhibitory than activating KIR, with three-domain inhibitory KIR exhibiting the greatest degree of polymorphism. As distinguished by gene copy number and allele content, 54 centromeric and 37 telomeric haplotypes were observed. We observed 6% of the population to have KIR haplotypes containing large-scale duplications or deletions that include complete genes. A unique truncated haplotype containing only KIR2DL4 in the telomeric region was also identified. An additional feature is the high frequency of HLA-B*46:01, which may have arisen due to selection pressure from infectious disease. This study will provide further insight into the role of KIR and HLA polymorphism in disease susceptibility of Zhejiang Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Tao
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin He
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Katherine M. Kichula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jielin Wang
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji He
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Faming Zhu
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Coexistence of inhibitory and activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors to the same cognate HLA-C2 and Bw4 ligands confer breast cancer risk. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7932. [PMID: 33846431 PMCID: PMC8041876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) regulate natural killer (NK) cell function in eliminating malignancy. Breast cancer (BC) patients exhibit reduced NK-cytotoxicity in peripheral blood. To test the hypothesis that certain KIR-HLA combinations impairing NK-cytotoxicity predispose to BC risk, we analyzed KIR and HLA polymorphisms in 162 women with BC and 278 controls. KIR-Bx genotypes increased significantly in BC than controls (83.3% vs. 71.9%, OR 1.95), and the increase was more pronounced in advanced-cancer (OR 5.3). No difference was observed with inhibitory KIR (iKIR) and HLA-ligand combinations. The activating KIR (aKIR) and HLA-ligand combinations, 2DS1 + C2 (OR 2.98) and 3DS1 + Bw4 (OR 2.6), were significantly increased in advanced-BC. All patients with advanced-cancer carrying 2DS1 + C2 or 3DS1 + Bw4 also have their iKIR counterparts 2DL1 and 3DL1, respectively. Contrarily, the 2DL1 + C2 and 3DL1 + Bw4 pairs without their aKIR counterparts are significantly higher in controls. These data suggest that NK cells expressing iKIR to the cognate HLA-ligands in the absence of putative aKIR counterpart are instrumental in antitumor response. These data provide a new framework for improving the utility of genetic risk scores for individualized surveillance.
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30
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Kim N, Lee DH, Choi WS, Yi E, Kim H, Kim JM, Jin HS, Kim HS. Harnessing NK cells for cancer immunotherapy: immune checkpoint receptors and chimeric antigen receptors. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33298244 PMCID: PMC7851441 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.1.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, key antitumor effectors of the innate immune system, are endowed with the unique ability to spontaneously eliminate cells undergoing a neoplastic transformation. Given their broad reactivity against diverse types of cancer and close association with cancer prognosis, NK cells have gained considerable attention as a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. NK cell-based therapies have demonstrated favorable clinical efficacies in several hematological malignancies but limited success in solid tumors, thus highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic strategies to restore and optimize antitumor activity while preventing tumor immune escape. The current therapeutic modalities yielding encouraging results in clinical trials include the blockade of immune checkpoint receptors to overcome the immune-evasion mechanism used by tumors and the incorporation of tumor-directed chimeric antigen receptors to enhance NK cell antitumor specificity and activity. These observations, together with recent advances in the understanding of NK cell activation within the tumor microenvironment, will facilitate the optimal design of NK cell-based therapy against a broad range of cancers and, more desirably, refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Lee
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Woo Seon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eunbi Yi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - HyoJeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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31
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Prator CA, Donatelli J, Henrich TJ. From Berlin to London: HIV-1 Reservoir Reduction Following Stem Cell Transplantation. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 17:385-393. [PMID: 32519184 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-020-00505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Few interventional strategies lead to significant reductions in HIV-1 reservoir size or prolonged antiretroviral (ART)-free remission. Allogeneic stem cell transplantations (SCT) with or without donor cells harboring genetic mutations preventing functional expression of CCR5, an HIV coreceptor, lead to dramatic reductions in residual HIV burden. However, the mechanisms by which SCT reduces viral reservoirs and leads to a potential functional HIV cure are not well understood. RECENT FINDINGS A growing number of studies involving allogeneic SCT in people with HIV are emerging, including those with and without transplants involving CCR5Δ32/Δ32 mutations. Donor cells resistant to HIV entry are likely required in order to achieve permanent ART-free viral remission. However, dramatic reductions in the HIV reservoir secondary to beneficial graft-versus-host effects may lead to loss of HIV detection in blood and various tissues and lead to prolonged time to HIV rebound in individuals with wild-type CCR5 donors. Studies of SCT recipients and those who started very early ART during hyperacute infection suggest that dramatic reductions in reservoir size or restriction of initial reservoir seeding may lead to 8-10 months of time prior to eventual, and rapid, HIV recrudescence. Studies of allogeneic SCT in people with HIV have provided important insights into the size and nature of the HIV reservoir, and have invigorated other gene therapies to achieve HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Prator
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Building 3, Room 525A, San Francisco, CA, 97706, USA
| | - Joanna Donatelli
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Building 3, Room 525A, San Francisco, CA, 97706, USA.,California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bridges to Stem Cell Research Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Building 3, Room 525A, San Francisco, CA, 97706, USA.
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32
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Ursu LD, Calenic B, Diculescu M, Dima A, Stoian IT, Constantinescu I. Clinical and histopathological changes in different KIR gene profiles in chronic HCV Romanian patients. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 48:16-24. [PMID: 32961633 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals may have a faster progression of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development when influenced by host, viral and environmental factors. Hepatitis C virus disease progression is also associated with genetic variants of specific killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The aim of the present study was to correlate clinical, virologic and biochemical parameters and to evaluate the possible influence of KIR genes and their HLA class I ligands in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. The present study analysed a total of 127 chronic HCV-infected patients for various biochemical and genetics factors that can influence disease progression and prognosis. Liver function parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), direct bilirubin (DB), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), HCV RNA levels and fibrosis indices were analysed using well-established biochemical methods. At the same time, KIR and HLA genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer technique. Analysis of HLA class I and HLA ligands revealed that HLA-C*12:02 and HLA-A3 and HLA-A11 were positively associated with the F3-F4 fibrosis group (p = .026; OR = 8.717, CI = 1.040-73.077; respectively, p = .047; OR = 2.187; 95% CI = 1.066-4.486). KIR2DL2-positive patients had high median levels of AST after treatment and direct bilirubin levels when compared to KIR2DL2-negative patients (p = .013, respectively, p = .028). KIR2DL2/KIR2DL2-C1C1 genotype was associated with increased AST, ALT and GGT levels. A higher GGT level was also observed in KIR2DS2-C1-positive patients when compared to KIR2DS2-C1-negative patients. The present research demonstrates several links between specific clinical, virologic and biochemical parameters and the expression of KIR genes and their HLA ligands in HCV-infected patients. These connections should be taken into account when considering disease development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Denisa Ursu
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Diculescu
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Dima
- Rheumatology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Teodora Stoian
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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33
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Anderson KM, Augusto DG, Dandekar R, Shams H, Zhao C, Yusufali T, Montero-Martín G, Marin WM, Nemat-Gorgani N, Creary LE, Caillier S, Mofrad MRK, Parham P, Fernández-Viña M, Oksenberg JR, Norman PJ, Hollenbach JA. Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Variants Are Associated with Protection from Symptoms Associated with More Severe Course in Parkinson Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1323-1330. [PMID: 32709660 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune dysfunction plays a role in the development of Parkinson disease (PD). NK cells regulate immune functions and are modulated by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). KIR are expressed on the surface of NK cells and interact with HLA class I ligands on the surface of all nucleated cells. We investigated KIR-allelic polymorphism to interrogate the role of NK cells in PD. We sequenced KIR genes from 1314 PD patients and 1978 controls using next-generation methods and identified KIR genotypes using custom bioinformatics. We examined associations of KIR with PD susceptibility and disease features, including age at disease onset and clinical symptoms. We identified two KIR3DL1 alleles encoding highly expressed inhibitory receptors associated with protection from PD clinical features in the presence of their cognate ligand: KIR3DL1*015/HLA-Bw4 from rigidity (p c = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.69) and KIR3DL1*002/HLA-Bw4i from gait difficulties (p c = 0.05, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.88), as well as composite symptoms associated with more severe disease. We also developed a KIR3DL1/HLA interaction strength metric and found that weak KIR3DL1/HLA interactions were associated with rigidity (pc = 0.05, OR = 9.73, 95% CI 2.13-172.5). Highly expressed KIR3DL1 variants protect against more debilitating symptoms of PD, strongly implying a role of NK cells in PD progression and manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Hengameh Shams
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Tasneem Yusufali
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Wesley M Marin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Structural Biology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Lisa E Creary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Stacy Caillier
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | | | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jill A Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158;
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34
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Nowak J, Gwozdowicz S, Graczyk-Pol E, Mika-Witkowska R, Rogatko-Koros M, Nestorowicz K, Szlendak U, Malinowska A, Kaczmarek B, Nasilowska-Adamska B, Tormanowska M, Szczurowska N, Szypnicki J, Witkowska A, Lasota M, Malinowska E, Halaburda K. Epstein-Barr virus infections are strongly dependent on activating and inhibitory KIR-HLA pairs after T-cell replate unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the principles, and method of pairing analysis. HLA 2020; 94 Suppl 2:40-48. [PMID: 31758851 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are the main cause of increased morbidity and mortality among recipients in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Natural killer (NK) cells fight virally infected cells provided directional activation of cytotoxicity. In this study, we analyzed the role of receptor-ligand pairs that include inhibitory or activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) with their HLA class I ligands in the course of viral infections. The paper also presents an algorithm that allows performing automated inhibitory (i) KIR:HLA pairing and rechecking in the clinical setting. The obtained results indicate a significant adverse roles of reduced number of iKIR:HLA pairs (40% vs 9%; odds ratio [OR] = 6.67; P = .0057; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74-25.62) and the presence of activating KIR:HLA pairs (15% vs 5%, OR = 3.58, P = .028, 95% CI 1.19-10.73) in EBV infections post HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Nowak
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Gwozdowicz
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Graczyk-Pol
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Mika-Witkowska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Rogatko-Koros
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Nestorowicz
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Szlendak
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Malinowska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kaczmarek
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Nasilowska-Adamska
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tormanowska
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Szczurowska
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jeremi Szypnicki
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Witkowska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Lasota
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Malinowska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Halaburda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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35
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The molecular basis of how buried human leukocyte antigen polymorphism modulates natural killer cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11636-11647. [PMID: 32404419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920570117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropolymorphisms within human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules can change the architecture of the peptide-binding cleft, leading to differences in peptide presentation and T cell recognition. The impact of such HLA variation on natural killer (NK) cell recognition remains unclear. Given the differential association of HLA-B*57:01 and HLA-B*57:03 with the control of HIV, recognition of these HLA-B57 allomorphs by the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 3DL1 was compared. Despite differing by only two polymorphic residues, both buried within the peptide-binding cleft, HLA-B*57:01 more potently inhibited NK cell activation. Direct-binding studies showed KIR3DL1 to preferentially recognize HLA-B*57:01, particularly when presenting peptides with positively charged position (P)Ω-2 residues. In HLA-B*57:01, charged PΩ-2 residues were oriented toward the peptide-binding cleft and away from KIR3DL1. In HLA-B*57:03, the charged PΩ-2 residues protruded out from the cleft and directly impacted KIR3DL1 engagement. Accordingly, KIR3DL1 recognition of HLA class I ligands is modulated by both the peptide sequence and conformation, as determined by the HLA polymorphic framework, providing a rationale for understanding differences in clinical associations.
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36
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Goodson-Gregg FJ, Krepel SA, Anderson SK. Tuning of human NK cells by endogenous HLA-C expression. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:205-215. [PMID: 32219494 PMCID: PMC7182622 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are primarily responsible for detecting malignant or pathogen-infected cells, and their function is influenced both by stress-associated activating signals and opposing inhibitory signals from receptors that recognize self MHC. The receptors that produce this inhibitory signal shift from the NKG2A:HLA-E system to that of KIR:HLA as the NK cells mature. This maturation is associated with an increase in lytic activity, as well as an increase in HLA-C protein levels controlled by the NK-specific HLA-C promoter, NK-Pro. We propose that modulation of the translatability of HLA-C transcripts in NK cells constitutes an evolutionary mechanism to control cis inhibitory signaling by HLA-C, which fine tunes NK cell activity. Furthermore, the high degree of variability in KIR receptor affinity for HLA alleles, as well as the variable expression levels of both KIR and HLA, suggest an evolutionary requirement for the tuning of NK lytic activity. Various data have demonstrated that mature NK cells may gain or lose lytic activity when placed in different environments. This indicates that NK cell activity may be more a function of constant tuning by inhibitory signals, rather than a static, irreversible "license to kill" granted to mature NK cells. Inhibitory signaling controls the filling of the cytolytic granule reservoir, which becomes depleted if there are insufficient inhibitory signals, leading to a hyporesponsive NK cell. We propose a novel model for the tuning of human NK cell activity via cis interactions in the context of recent findings on the mechanism of NK education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick J Goodson-Gregg
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Stacey A Krepel
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Stephen K Anderson
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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37
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Chen S, Li D, Wang Y, Li Q, Dong Z. Regulation of MHC class I-independent NK cell education by SLAM family receptors. Adv Immunol 2019; 145:159-185. [PMID: 32081197 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seven members of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors (SFRs) are ubiquitously expressed on hematopoietic cells and they play critical roles in immune cell differentiation and activation. The engagement of these receptors transmits intracellular signaling mainly by recruiting SLAM-associated protein (SAP) and its related adaptors, EWS-FLI1-activated transcript-2 (EAT-2) and EAT-2-related transducer (ERT). The critical roles of SFRs and SAP-family adaptors are highlighted by the discovery that SAP is mutated in human X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP1) disease in which the contact between T and B cells in germinal center and cytotoxic lymphocytes (NK cells and CD8+ T cells) function are severely compromised. These immune defects are closely associated with the defective antibody production and the high incidence of lymphoma in the patients with XLP1. In addition to these well-known functions, SLAM-SAP family is involved in NK cell education, a process describing NK cell functional competence. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss these unappreciated roles of SAP-dependent and SAP-independent SFR signaling in regulating MHC-I-independent NK cell education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Dan Li
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuande Wang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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38
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Pugh J, Nemat-Gorgani N, Djaoud Z, Guethlein LA, Norman PJ, Parham P. In vitro education of human natural killer cells by KIR3DL1. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/6/e201900434. [PMID: 31723004 PMCID: PMC6856763 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using NK cells isolated from individuals who lack the Bw4 epitope on HLA-B, Pugh et al reveal that KIR3DL1+ NK cells can be educated in vitro by co-culturing them with target cells that display the missing epitope. During development, NK cells are “educated” to respond aggressively to cells with low surface expression of HLA class I, a hallmark of malignant and infected cells. The mechanism of education involves interactions between inhibitory killer immunoglobulin–like receptors (KIRs) and specific HLA epitopes, but the details of this process are unknown. Because of the genetic diversity of HLA class I genes, most people have NK cells that are incompletely educated, representing an untapped source of human immunity. We demonstrate how mature peripheral KIR3DL1+ human NK cells can be educated in vitro. To accomplish this, we trained NK cells expressing the inhibitory KIR3DL1 receptor by co-culturing them with target cells that expressed its ligand, Bw4+HLA-B. After this training, KIR3DL1+ NK cells increased their inflammatory and lytic responses toward target cells lacking Bw4+HLA-B, as though they had been educated in vivo. By varying the conditions of this basic protocol, we provide mechanistic and translational insights into the process NK cell education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pugh
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zakia Djaoud
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter Parham
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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The Evolutionary Arms Race between Virus and NK Cells: Diversity Enables Population-Level Virus Control. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100959. [PMID: 31627371 PMCID: PMC6832630 DOI: 10.3390/v11100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses and natural killer (NK) cells have a long co-evolutionary history, evidenced by patterns of specific NK gene frequencies in those susceptible or resistant to infections. The killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands together form the most polymorphic receptor-ligand partnership in the human genome and govern the process of NK cell education. The KIR and HLA genes segregate independently, thus creating an array of reactive potentials within and between the NK cell repertoires of individuals. In this review, we discuss the interplay between NK cell education and adaptation with virus infection, with a special focus on three viruses for which the NK cell response is often studied: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Through this lens, we highlight the complex co-evolution of viruses and NK cells, and their impact on viral control.
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40
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The impact of KIR/HLA genes on the risk of developing multibacillary leprosy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007696. [PMID: 31525196 PMCID: PMC6762192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a group of regulatory molecules able to activate or inhibit natural killer cells upon interaction with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. Combinations of KIR and HLA may contribute to the occurrence of different immunological and clinical responses to infectious diseases. Leprosy is a chronic neglected disease, both disabling and disfiguring, caused mainly by Mycobacterium leprae. In this case–control study, we examined the influence of KIRs and HLA ligands on the development of multibacillary leprosy. Methodology/Principal findings Genotyping of KIR and HLA genes was performed in 264 multibacillary leprosy patients and 518 healthy unrelated controls (238 healthy household contacts and 280 healthy subjects). These are unprecedented results in which KIR2DL2/KIR2DL2/C1/C2 and KIR2DL3/2DL3/C1/C1 indicated a risk for developing lepromatous and borderline leprosy, respectively. Concerning to 3DL2/A3/A11+, our study demonstrated that independent of control group (contacts or healthy subjects), this KIR receptor and its ligand act as a risk factor for the borderline clinical form. Conclusions/Significance Our finding suggests that synergetic associations of activating and inhibitory KIR genes may alter the balance between these receptors and thus interfere in the progression of multibacillary leprosy. Leprosy is a neglected disease with the highest worldwide prevalence, and remains a public health problem in Brazil. The innate immune mechanisms are determinants in the management of leprosy and its different clinical manifestations. Accordingly, genetic association study provides information about the contribution of host genetic factors and the environment in which the individual lives on the development of leprosy. The individuals considered most affected and associated with a major risk for developing leprosy are household contacts with an intimate relation to patients living in crowded households. For this reason, we chose the contacts as one of our control groups, since they are more exposed to infection compared to the general population. We investigated the influence of KIR and HLA genes on the susceptibility to multibacillary leprosy. Our results reinforce the importance of host genetic background in the susceptibility to leprosy demonstrating that, independent from the control group (contacts or healthy subjects) the KIR and HLA act as risk factors in the development of lepromatous and borderline leprosy.
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Choucair K, Duff JR, Cassidy CS, Albrethsen MT, Kelso JD, Lenhard A, Staats H, Patel R, Brunicardi FC, Dworkin L, Nemunaitis J. Natural killer cells: a review of biology, therapeutic potential and challenges in treatment of solid tumors. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3053-3069. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells lead immune surveillance against cancer and early elimination of small tumors. Owing to their ability to engage tumor targets without the need of specific antigen, the therapeutic potential of NK cells has been extensively explored in hematological malignancies. In solid tumors, however, their role in the clinical arena remains poorly exploited despite a broad accumulation of preclinical data. In this article, we review our current knowledge of NK cells’ biology, and highlight the challenges facing NK cell antitumor strategies in solid tumors. We further summarize the abundant preclinical attempts at overcoming these challenges, present past and ongoing clinical trial data and finally discuss the potential impact of novel insights on the development of NK cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Choucair
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joseph R Duff
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Christine S Cassidy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mary T Albrethsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jesse D Kelso
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Amanda Lenhard
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Hannah Staats
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rayna Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - F Charles Brunicardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- ProMedica Health System, Toledo, OH 43604, USA
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Li Y, Liu S, Hong C, Ma Q, Tan F, Liu C, Kuśnierczyk P, Li C, Shi L, Yao Y. The association of HLA/KIR genes with non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma) in a Han Chinese population. J Cancer 2019; 10:4731-4738. [PMID: 31598144 PMCID: PMC6775512 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The host immune system plays a crucial role in the surveillance, recognition and elimination of tumor cells. Recent studies found that Human lymphocyte antigen class I (HLA I) genes, Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and HLA/KIR combinations play a role in the defense against tumor cells. To evaluated the associations between HLA I genes, KIR genes and HLA/KIR combinations and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a Chinese Han population, a total of 229 patients with NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) and 217 healthy individuals were studied. Our results showed that the HLA-C*08:01 allele occurred at a significantly higher frequency in the NSCLCs compared with the controls (P=0.034). The HLA haplotype frequencies bearing HLA-A, -B, and -C loci between the NSCLC and control groups were not different (P>0.05). And there were no differences in the KIR gene, genotype and haplotype frequencies between the NSCLC and control groups (P>0.05). Also, there were no differences between the HLA/KIR combinations in the KIR3D genes and HLA-A3/A11, HLA-Bw4 ligands and KIR2D genes and HLA-C1/C2 ligands between the NSCLC and control groups (P>0.05). Our results indicate that the HLA-C*08:01 allele could be a risk factor for NSCLC (adenocarcinoma) in the Chinese Han population (OR=2.395; 95% CI: 1.359-4.221).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfu Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Chao Hong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The No.3 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Chengxiu Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Piotr Kuśnierczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
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Nersesian S, Glazebrook H, Toulany J, Grantham SR, Boudreau JE. Naturally Killing the Silent Killer: NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1782. [PMID: 31456796 PMCID: PMC6699519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is diagnosed in ~22,000 women in the US each year and kills 14,000 of them. Often, patients are not diagnosed until the later stages of disease, when treatment options are limited, highlighting the urgent need for new and improved therapies for precise cancer control. An individual's immune function and interaction with tumor cells can be prognostic of the response to cancer treatment. Current emerging therapies for OC include immunotherapies, which use antibodies or drive T cell-mediated cancer recognition and elimination. In OC, these have been limited by adverse side effects and tumor characteristics including inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, lack of targetable antigens, loss of tumor human leukocyte antigen expression, high levels of immunosuppressive factors, and insufficient immune cell trafficking. Natural killer (NK) cells may be ideal as primary or collateral effectors to these nascent immunotherapies. NK cells exhibit multiple functions that combat immune escape and tumor relapse: they kill targets and elicit inflammation through antigen-independent pathways and detect loss of HLA as a signal for activation. NK cells are efficient mediators of tumor immune surveillance and control, suppressed by the tumor microenvironment and rescued by immune checkpoint blockade. NK cells are regulated by a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors and already known to be central effectors across an array of existing therapies. In this article, we highlight interactions between NK cells and OC and their potential to change the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and participate in durable immune control of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Haley Glazebrook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jay Toulany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Grantham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Harpur CM, Stankovic S, Kanagarajah A, Widjaja JM, Levvey BJ, Cristiano Y, Snell GI, Brooks AG, Westall GP, Sullivan LC. Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-induced NKG2C+ Natural Killer Cells in the Lung Allograft. Transplantation 2019; 103:1689-1699. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Mele D, Pasi A, Cacciatore R, Mantovani S, Oliviero B, Mondelli MU, Varchetta S. Decreased interferon-γ production by NK cells from KIR haplotype B carriers in hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int 2019; 39:1237-1245. [PMID: 31177636 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Different population genetics studies showed that interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA play a role in viral disease outcome, but functional correlates are missing. Building upon our previous work pointing to a regulatory role for KIR3DL1/DS1 in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we analysed whether its expression may affect natural killer (NK) cell function in the presence or absence of its principal ligand HLA-Bw4 in KIR haplotype A and B carriers, which are characterized by a different representation of activating and inhibitory KIRs. METHODS We performed KIR and HLA class I genotypic analysis in 54 healthy donors (HD) and 50 HCV+ subjects and examined NK cell cytokine secretion and degranulation in the context of KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 match stratified by KIR haplotype. RESULTS KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 match induced functional NK cell modulation, reflected by reduced interferon (IFN)γ production in haplotype B HCV+ patients compared to HD. This functional impairment could be ascribed to the KIR3DS1 negative HCV-infected patient population, whose NK cells also showed a significantly decreased proportion of KIR3DL1. Haplotype A HCV-infected patients showed increased NK cell degranulation compared with HD in the absence of KIR-HLA-Bw4 match and this activity was associated with increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that NK cells from HCV+ patients have an unbalanced ability to produce IFNγ and to kill target cells in haplotype A and B carriers, suggesting the existence of complex functional differences governed by KIR-HLA interaction, particularly on KIR3DL1 expressing NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mele
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosalia Cacciatore
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mantovani
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Oliviero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Varchetta
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Gwozdowicz S, Nestorowicz K, Graczyk-Pol E, Szlendak U, Rogatko-Koros M, Mika-Witkowska R, Pawliczak D, Zubala M, Malinowska A, Witkowska A, Nowak J. KIR specificity and avidity of standard and unusual C1, C2, Bw4, Bw6 and A3/11 amino acid motifs at entire HLA:KIR interface between NK and target cells, the functional and evolutionary classification of HLA class I molecules. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 46:217-231. [PMID: 31210416 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells make vital contributions to the immune system and the reproductive system. Notably, NK cells of donor origin can recognize and kill residual leukaemic cells and cure malignant patients in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant setting. NK cell function is regulated by KIRs that recognize cognate HLA class I molecules on target cells, depending on their amino acid residues. In review, we addressed the question of binding capacity and avidity of HLA class I molecules to different killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) depending on all interacting amino acid residues both on HLA and KIR side. We searched PubMed database and analysed available HLA:KIR crystallographic data for amino acid residues in HLA molecules, those physically involved in binding KIRs (termed here the "entire KIR interface"). Within entire KIR interface, we selected five functional sequence motifs (14-19, 66-76, 77-84, 88-92 and 142-151) and classified them according to the conservation of their amino acid sequences among 8,942 HLA class I molecules. Although some conserved amino acid motifs were shared by different groups of KIR ligands, the HLA motif combinations were exclusive for the ligand groups. In 135 common HLA class I molecules with known HLA:KIR recognition, we found 54 combinations of five motifs in each of the KIR-binding interfaces (C1, C2, Bw4, A3/11) and conserved non-KIR-binding interfaces. Based on the entire KIR interface, this analysis allowed to classify 8,942 HLA class I molecules into KIR specificity groups. This functional and evolutionary classification of entire KIR interfaces provides a tool for unambiguously predicting HLA:KIR interactions for common and those HLA molecules that have not yet been functionally tested. Considering the entire KIR interface in HLA class I molecules, functional interactions of HLA and KIR can be predicted in immune responses, reproduction and allotransplantation. Further functional studies are needed on the HLA:KIR interaction variations caused by the repertoires of peptides presented by HLA molecules and KIR polymorphisms at allelic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Gwozdowicz
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Nestorowicz
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Graczyk-Pol
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Szlendak
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Rogatko-Koros
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Mika-Witkowska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daria Pawliczak
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Zubala
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Malinowska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Witkowska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Nowak
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Pecoraro R, Casuccio A, Di Bona D, Aiello A, Accardi G, Arnao V, Clemente G, Corte VD, Maida C, Simonetta I, Caruso C, Squatrito R, Pinto A. HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIRs) genotyping in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:88. [PMID: 30995924 PMCID: PMC6471781 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In humans, a major component of natural killer (NK) and T cell target recognition depends on the surveillance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules by killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). AIMS To implement the knowledge about the immunological genetic background of acute ischemic stroke susceptibility in relation to the frequency of the KIR genes and HLA alleles. METHODS Subjects with acute ischemic stroke and subjects without stroke were genotyped for the presence of KIR genes and of the three major KIR ligand groups, HLA-C1, HLA-C2, and HLA-Bw4, both HLA-B and HLA-A loci. RESULTS Between November 2013 and February 2016, consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited. As healthy controls, we enrolled subjects without acute ischemic stroke. Subjects with acute ischemic stroke in comparison with controls showed a higher frequency of 2DL3, 2DL5B, 2DS2, and 2DS4 KIR genes and a lower frequency of HLA-B-Bw4I alleles. Subjects without acute ischemic stroke showed a higher frequency of interaction between KIR 2DS2 and HLAC2. We also observed a higher frequency of 2DL3 and 2 DL4 KIR genes in subjects with atherosclerotic (LAAS) subtype. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a protective effect towards stroke of HLA-B-Bw4I and interaction between KIR 2DL2 and HLAC1 and 2DS2-HLAC2 and a detrimental effect of 2DL2-HLA-C1_A interactions. CONCLUSION Our findings of a higher frequency of activating KIR genes seem to be consistent with findings previously reported patients with coronary syndrome. This higher frequency of "proinflammatory" genes in subjects with ischemic stroke could also explain the immunoinflammatory activation of the acute phase of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pecoraro
- Pronto Soccorso Unit, Giuseppe Giglio Hospital, Cefalù, Italy
- PhD Programme in Clinical Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, PA 90133 Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- School and Chair of Allergology, Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti d’Organo, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Arnao
- Dipartimento di BioMedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Clemente
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoriano Della Corte
- PhD Programme in Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, PA 90133 Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Simonetta
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Ali A, Gyurova IE, Waggoner SN. Mutually assured destruction: the cold war between viruses and natural killer cells. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 34:130-139. [PMID: 30877885 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a multitude of antiviral roles that are significant enough to provoke viral counterefforts to subvert their activity. As innate lymphocytes, NK cells provide a rapid source of pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokines and bring to bear cytolytic activities that are collectively meant to constrain viral replication and dissemination. Additionally, NK cells participate in adaptive immunity both by shaping virus-specific T-cell responses and by developing adaptive features themselves, including enhanced antibody-dependent effector functions. The relative importance of different functional activities of NK cells are poorly understood, thereby obfuscating clinical use of these cells. Here we focus on opposing efforts of NK cells and viruses to gain tactical superiority during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Ali
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Ivayla E Gyurova
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
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49
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Lunemann S, Langeneckert AE, Martrus G, Hess LU, Salzberger W, Ziegler AE, Löbl SM, Poch T, Ravichandran G, Sauter J, Schmidt AH, Schramm C, Oldhafer KJ, Altfeld M, Körner C. Human liver-derived CXCR6 + NK cells are predominantly educated through NKG2A and show reduced cytokine production. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1331-1340. [PMID: 30779432 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma1118-428r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells have been implicated to affect the outcome of numerous liver diseases. In particular, members of the killer-cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family, predominantly expressed by NK cells, have been associated with the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection and clearance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Inhibitory KIRs tune NK cell function through interaction with HLA class I, a process termed education. Nevertheless, the impact of the hepatic environment on NK cell education is incompletely understood. Therefore, we investigated the composition and function of hepatic KIR-expressing NK cells. Matched PBMC and hepatic lymphocytes were isolated from 20 individuals undergoing liver surgery and subsequently phenotypically analyzed for expression of KIRs and markers for tissue residency using flow cytometry. NK cell function was determined by co-culturing NK cells with the target cell line 721.221 and subsequent assessment of CD107a, IFN-γ, and TNF-α expression. Liver-resident CXCR6+ /CD56Bright NK cells lacked KIRs and were predominantly educated through NKG2A, while CXCR6- /CD16+ NK cells expressed KIRs and resembled peripheral blood NK cells. Hepatic NK cells showed lower response rates compared to peripheral blood NK cells; in particular, CXCR6+ NK cells were hyporesponsive to stimulation with target cells. The high proportion of educated NK cells in both subsets indicates the importance of self-inhibitory receptors for the balance between maintenance of self-tolerance and functional readiness. However, the reduced functionality of hepatic NK cells may reflect the impact of the tolerogenic hepatic environment on NK cells irrespective of NK cell education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lunemann
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika E Langeneckert
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gloria Martrus
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard U Hess
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Salzberger
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annerose E Ziegler
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Löbl
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Poch
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gevitha Ravichandran
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander H Schmidt
- DKMS Gemeinnützige GmbH, Tübingen, Germany.,DKMS Life Science Lab GmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Körner
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
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50
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Lisovsky I, Kant S, Tremblay-McLean A, Isitman G, Kiani Z, Dupuy FP, Gilbert L, Bruneau J, Shoukry NH, Lebouché B, Bernard NF. Differential contribution of education through KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3, and KIR3DL1 to antibody-dependent (AD) NK cell activation and ADCC. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:551-563. [PMID: 30698860 PMCID: PMC6916277 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0617-242rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The engagement of activating NK receptors (aNKR) stimulates NK cell activity, provided that interactions between inhibitory NK receptors (iNKR) with their HLA ligands do not override them. Abs bound to target cells can also activate NK cells by engaging the CD16 aNKR. NK cell education status is an important factor for Ab‐dependent NK cell activation (ADNKA) of some NK cell subsets. However, whether NK cell education also influences Ab‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) levels is not fully known. ADCC‐GranToxiLux (GTL) assays measured ADCC activity as the frequency of granzyme B positive (%GzB+) target cells. Target cells were anti‐HIV Immunoglobulin G (HIVIG)‐opsonized CEM‐NKr.CCR5 (CEM) cells. Lymphocytes and sorted single positive (SP) NKG2A+, KIR2DL1+, KIR2DL3+, and KIR3DL1+ NK cells, to self‐ and nonself HLA, were used as effectors in ADCC‐GTL assays to examine how education status influenced ADCC activity. ADNKA activity was assessed by stimulating lymphocytes with HIVIG‐opsonized CEMs and measuring the frequency of NK cell populations defined by their expression of iNKRs, along with IFN‐γ, CCL4, and CD107a functions. ADCC: the %GzB+ CEM cells generated by self‐ versus nonself HLA‐specific SPiNKR did not differ. ADNKA: More NK cells educated through KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1, but not KIR2DL3, responded to ADNKA than their uneducated counterparts. CD16 engagement induced ADCC and ADNKA activity. With the proviso that groups’ sizes were small, our results support the notion that NK cell education does not influence ADCC levels but does contribute to ADNKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lisovsky
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sanket Kant
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tremblay-McLean
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gamze Isitman
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zahra Kiani
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Franck P Dupuy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise Gilbert
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole F Bernard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Clinical Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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