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Zhu P, Wu X, Ni L, Chen K, Dong Z, Du J, Kong F, Mao Y, Tao H, Chu M, Mao H, Yang H, Liu Q, Gan M, Geng D. Inhibition of PP2A ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration by reducing annulus fibrosus cells apoptosis via p38/MAPK signal pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166888. [PMID: 37722489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is considered one of the main reasons for low back pain (LBP). To date, the specific pathology of IVDD remains unclear. The annulus fibrosus (AF) is an important part of the intervertebral disc, and AF cell oxidative stress, apoptosis plays a vital role in disc degeneration. Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase, has regulatory functions in various processes, including apoptosis and autophagy. However, thus far, the effect of PP2A on IVDD is not clear. METHODS AF cells derived from caudal intervertebral discs in SD rats were used to analyze the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis and degeneration as well as PP2A expression. A PP2A agonist (FTY720), inhibitor (microcystin-LR) and siRNA (si-PPP2CA) were employed in IVDD induced by H2O2 to investigate the levels of apoptosis and degeneration. The p38/MAPK signal pathways were evaluated, and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and ERK inhibitor (U0126) were added for verification. Finally, FTY720 and microcystin-LR were administered to IVDD rats to assess the effects on levels of apoptosis and degeneration and the relief of IVDD. RESULTS The expression of PP2A was increased in rat AF cells after H2O2 intervention. The levels of apoptosis and degeneration were higher with upregulation of PP2A but were significantly reduced after inhibition of PP2A. The PP2A inhibitor relieved cell apoptosis and degeneration by downregulating the p38/MAPK pathway. In vivo, the knockdown of PP2A resulted in a more complete morphology of discs and less apoptotic and degenerative expression. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the downregulation of PP2 A could reduce AF cell apoptosis and degeneration via the p38/MAPK pathway. It also revealed that the inhibition of PP2 A is expected to be a therapeutic target for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiexing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hai'an People's Hospital, Hai'an 226600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongchen Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanchen Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yubo Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqin Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qinbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lianshui People's Hospital of Kangda College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Caswell DR, Gui P, Mayekar MK, Law EK, Pich O, Bailey C, Boumelha J, Kerr DL, Blakely CM, Manabe T, Martinez-Ruiz C, Bakker B, De Dios Palomino Villcas J, I Vokes N, Dietzen M, Angelova M, Gini B, Tamaki W, Allegakoen P, Wu W, Humpton TJ, Hill W, Tomaschko M, Lu WT, Haderk F, Al Bakir M, Nagano A, Gimeno-Valiente F, de Carné Trécesson S, Vendramin R, Barbè V, Mugabo M, Weeden CE, Rowan A, McCoach CE, Almeida B, Green M, Gomez C, Nanjo S, Barbosa D, Moore C, Przewrocka J, Black JRM, Grönroos E, Suarez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Zverev C, Lighterness S, Cormack J, Olivas V, Cech L, Andrews T, Rule B, Jiao Y, Zhang X, Ashford P, Durfee C, Venkatesan S, Temiz NA, Tan L, Larson LK, Argyris PP, Brown WL, Yu EA, Rotow JK, Guha U, Roper N, Yu J, Vogel RI, Thomas NJ, Marra A, Selenica P, Yu H, Bakhoum SF, Chew SK, Reis-Filho JS, Jamal-Hanjani M, Vousden KH, McGranahan N, Van Allen EM, Kanu N, Harris RS, Downward J, Bivona TG, Swanton C. The role of APOBEC3B in lung tumor evolution and targeted cancer therapy resistance. Nat Genet 2024; 56:60-73. [PMID: 38049664 PMCID: PMC10786726 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic subunit-like (APOBEC) enzyme APOBEC3B (A3B) on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancer was assessed. A3B expression in EGFR mutant (EGFRmut) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mouse models constrained tumorigenesis, while A3B expression in tumors treated with EGFR-targeted cancer therapy was associated with treatment resistance. Analyses of human NSCLC models treated with EGFR-targeted therapy showed upregulation of A3B and revealed therapy-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as an inducer of A3B expression. Significantly reduced viability was observed with A3B deficiency, and A3B was required for the enrichment of APOBEC mutation signatures, in targeted therapy-treated human NSCLC preclinical models. Upregulation of A3B was confirmed in patients with NSCLC treated with EGFR-targeted therapy. This study uncovers the multifaceted roles of A3B in NSCLC and identifies A3B as a potential target for more durable responses to targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Philippe Gui
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manasi K Mayekar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily K Law
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chris Bailey
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jesse Boumelha
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - D Lucas Kerr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Collin M Blakely
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tadashi Manabe
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Martinez-Ruiz
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Natalie I Vokes
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Dietzen
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Gini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Whitney Tamaki
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Allegakoen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Humpton
- p53 and Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mona Tomaschko
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Wei-Ting Lu
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Haderk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Roberto Vendramin
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Vittorio Barbè
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Miriam Mugabo
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Bruna Almeida
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Green
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dora Barbosa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chris Moore
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Joanna Przewrocka
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James R M Black
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Caroline Zverev
- Biological Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Scott Lighterness
- Biological Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Cormack
- Biological Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Victor Olivas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Cech
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trisha Andrews
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Ashford
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cameron Durfee
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Subramanian Venkatesan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nuri Alpay Temiz
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay K Larson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Prokopios P Argyris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William L Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sutter Health Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Julia K Rotow
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NextCure Inc., Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johnny Yu
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Marra
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Helena Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Su Kit Chew
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- p53 and Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
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3
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Peris I, Romero-Murillo S, Vicente C, Narla G, Odero MD. Regulation and role of the PP2A-B56 holoenzyme family in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188953. [PMID: 37437699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation is common in cancer, leading to sustained activation of pro-survival and growth-promoting pathways. PP2A consists of a scaffolding A-subunit, a catalytic C-subunit, and a regulatory B-subunit. The functional complexity of PP2A holoenzymes arises mainly through the vast repertoire of regulatory B-subunits, which determine both their substrate specificity and their subcellular localization. Therefore, a major challenge for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer is to identify the specific PP2A complexes to be targeted. Of note, the development of small molecules specifically directed at PP2A-B56α has opened new therapeutic avenues in both solid and hematological tumors. Here, we focus on the B56/PR61 family of PP2A regulatory subunits, which have a central role in directing PP2A tumor suppressor activity. We provide an overview of the mechanisms controlling the formation and regulation of these complexes, the pathways they control, and the mechanisms underlying their deregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Romero-Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vicente
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria D Odero
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Gao K, Li X, Ni J, Wu B, Guo J, Zhang R, Wu G. Non-coding RNAs in enzalutamide resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216247. [PMID: 37263338 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide (Enz) is a next-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Unfortunately, the relapsing nature of CRPC results in the development of Enz resistance in many patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, which include microRNAs (miRNA), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and other ncRNAs with known and unknown functions. Recently, dysregulation of ncRNAs in CRPC, particularly their regulatory function in drug resistance, has attracted more and more attention. Herein, we introduce the roles of dysregulation of different ncRNAs subclasses in the development of CRPC progression and Enz resistance. Recently determined mechanisms of Enz resistance are discussed, focusing mainly on the role of AR-splice variant-7 (AR-V7), mutations, circRNAs and lncRNAs that act as miRNA sponges. Also, the contributions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and glucose metabolism to Enz resistance are discussed. We summarize the different mechanisms of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in the progression of CRPC and Enz resistance, and highlight the prospect of future therapeutic strategies against Enz resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Male
- Humans
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/therapeutic use
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Nitriles
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Xiaoshun Li
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Jianxin Ni
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Jiaheng Guo
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Urology, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710199, China.
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5
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Lax A, Soler F, Fernandez del Palacio MJ, Pascual-Oliver S, Ballester MR, Fuster JJ, Pascual-Figal D, Asensio-Lopez MDC. Silencing of microRNA-106b-5p prevents doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity through modulation of the PR55α/YY1/sST2 signaling axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:704-720. [PMID: 37234747 PMCID: PMC10208836 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Clinical use of doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline with potent anti-tumor effects, is limited because of its highly chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC). After myocardial infarction (MI), we have recently identified Yin Yang-1 (YY1) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) as two factors involved in the overexpression of the isoform soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) protein, which acts as a decoy receptor blocking the favorable effects of IL-33. Therefore, high levels of sST2 are associated with increased fibrosis, remodeling, and worse cardiovascular outcomes. No data exist on the role of the YY1/HDAC4/sST2 axis in CIC. This study aimed to evaluate the pathophysiological implication of the molecular YY1/HDAC4/sST2 axis in remodeling that is developed in patients treated with Dox as well as to suggest a novel molecular therapy to prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we have characterized a novel nexus between miR106b-5p (miR-106b) levels and the YY1/HDAC4 axis in relation to the cardiac expression of sST2 using two experimental models with Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. The addition of Dox (5 μM) to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes induced cellular apoptotic death via upregulation of miR-106b-5p (miR-106b), which was confirmed by specific mimic sequences. A functional blockage of miR-106b using the locked nucleic acid antagomir inhibited Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lax
- Biomedical Research Institute Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Soler
- Biomedical Research Institute Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Pascual-Oliver
- Biomedical Research Institute Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Ruiz Ballester
- Biomedical Research Institute Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Javier Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Pascual-Figal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca and University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Fevga C, Tesson C, Carreras Mascaro A, Courtin T, van Coller R, Sakka S, Ferraro F, Farhat N, Bardien S, Damak M, Carr J, Ferrien M, Boumeester V, Hundscheid J, Grillenzoni N, Kessissoglou IA, Kuipers DJS, Quadri M, Corvol JC, Mhiri C, Hassan BA, Breedveld GJ, Lesage S, Mandemakers W, Brice A, Bonifati V. PTPA variants and impaired PP2A activity in early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability. Brain 2023; 146:1496-1510. [PMID: 36073231 PMCID: PMC10115167 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2A complex (PP2A), the major Ser/Thr phosphatase in the brain, is involved in a number of signalling pathways and functions, including the regulation of crucial proteins for neurodegeneration, such as alpha-synuclein, tau and LRRK2. Here, we report the identification of variants in the PTPA/PPP2R4 gene, encoding a major PP2A activator, in two families with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. We carried out clinical studies and genetic analyses, including genome-wide linkage analysis, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing of candidate variants. We next performed functional studies on the disease-associated variants in cultured cells and knock-down of ptpa in Drosophila melanogaster. We first identified a homozygous PTPA variant, c.893T>G (p.Met298Arg), in patients from a South African family with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. Screening of a large series of additional families yielded a second homozygous variant, c.512C>A (p.Ala171Asp), in a Libyan family with a similar phenotype. Both variants co-segregate with disease in the respective families. The affected subjects display juvenile-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. The motor symptoms were responsive to treatment with levodopa and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In overexpression studies, both the PTPA p.Ala171Asp and p.Met298Arg variants were associated with decreased PTPA RNA stability and decreased PTPA protein levels; the p.Ala171Asp variant additionally displayed decreased PTPA protein stability. Crucially, expression of both variants was associated with decreased PP2A complex levels and impaired PP2A phosphatase activation. PTPA orthologue knock-down in Drosophila neurons induced a significant impairment of locomotion in the climbing test. This defect was age-dependent and fully reversed by L-DOPA treatment. We conclude that bi-allelic missense PTPA variants associated with impaired activation of the PP2A phosphatase cause autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability. Our findings might also provide new insights for understanding the role of the PP2A complex in the pathogenesis of more common forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fevga
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ana Carreras Mascaro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Courtin
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Riaan van Coller
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Salma Sakka
- Research Unit in Neurogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) at the CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Federico Ferraro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nouha Farhat
- Research Unit in Neurogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) at the CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mariem Damak
- Research Unit in Neurogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) at the CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mélanie Ferrien
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Boumeester
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn Hundscheid
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Grillenzoni
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Irini A Kessissoglou
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Demy J S Kuipers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marialuisa Quadri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Chokri Mhiri
- Research Unit in Neurogenetics, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC) at the CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem A Hassan
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Guido J Breedveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Wim Mandemakers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Chen X, Wang L, Yu H, Shen Q, Hou Y, Xia YX, Li L, Chang L, Li WH. Irradiated lung cancer cell-derived exosomes modulate macrophage polarization by inhibiting MID1 via miR-4655-5p. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:58-68. [PMID: 36709645 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Radiation Pneumonitis (RP) is one of the most common and severe complication in patients receiving thoracic radiotherapy. The release of cytokines contribute to activating the RP process. Macrophages also play an important role in the pathogenesis of RP. The differential activation of macrophages is regulated by microRNA (miRNA). Exosomes containing miRNAs are one of the important ways to mediate cellular communication. However, the exosomes mediate communication between tumor cells and macrophages during the pathogenesis of RP remains understudied. In this study, we isolated and characterized the exosomes secreted by lung cancer cells after irradiation. Co-culture of exosomes with macrophages revealed that exosomes could induce macrophage proliferation activation and M2 polarization. miRNA array was used to analyze the differential expression of miRNAs in exosomes, and it was found that miR-4655-5p was stably and highly expressed in exosomes. The function of miR-4655-5p in macrophages was confirmed by overexpression/inhibition of miR-4655-5p expression in macrophages. The targeting association between miR-4655-5p and MID1 was determined by bioinformatics prediction followed by a confirmatory dual luciferase reporter assay. We showed that miR-4655-5p regulate the macrophage proliferation and inflammatory response by forming a negative regulatory loop that alters MID1 activity and its downstream PP2Ac. Overall, our results indicated that exosomal miR-4655-5p secreted by lung cancer cells after irradiation promoted the proliferation and M2 polarization of macrophages. It can be speculated that exosomes play an immunomodulatory role in the pathogenesis of RP and provided a new target for the prevention and treatment of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China
| | - Yao-Xiong Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China.
| | - Wen-Hui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, PR China.
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8
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Sontag JM, Schuhmacher D, Taleski G, Jordan A, Khan S, Hoffman A, Gomez RJ, Mazalouskas MD, Hanks SK, Spiller BW, Sontag E, Wadzinski BE. A new paradigm for regulation of protein phosphatase 2A function via Src and Fyn kinase-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102248. [PMID: 35820485 PMCID: PMC9396060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major phospho-Ser/Thr phosphatase and a key regulator of cellular signal transduction pathways. While PP2A dysfunction has been linked to human cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), PP2A regulation remains relatively poorly understood. It has been reported that the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) is inactivated by a single phosphorylation at the Tyr307 residue by tyrosine kinases such as v-Src. However, multiple mass spectrometry studies have revealed the existence of other putative PP2Ac phosphorylation sites in response to activation of Src and Fyn, two major Src family kinases (SFKs). Here, using PP2Ac phosphomutants and novel phosphosite-specific PP2Ac antibodies, we show that cellular pools of PP2Ac are instead phosphorylated on both Tyr127 and Tyr284 upon Src activation, and on Tyr284 following Fyn activation. We found these phosphorylation events enhanced the interaction of PP2Ac with SFKs. In addition, we reveal SFK-mediated phosphorylation of PP2Ac at Y284 promotes dissociation of the regulatory Bα subunit, altering PP2A substrate specificity; the phosphodeficient Y127/284F and Y284F PP2Ac mutants prevented SFK-mediated phosphorylation of Tau at the CP13 (pSer202) epitope, a pathological hallmark of AD, and SFK-dependent activation of ERK, a major growth regulatory kinase upregulated in many cancers. Our findings demonstrate a novel PP2A regulatory mechanism that challenges the existing dogma on the inhibition of PP2A catalytic activity by Tyr307 phosphorylation. We propose dysregulation of SFK signaling in cancer and AD can lead to alterations in PP2A phosphorylation and subsequent deregulation of key PP2A substrates, including ERK and Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Schuhmacher
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Goce Taleski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Jordan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rey J Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew D Mazalouskas
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven K Hanks
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin W Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Brian E Wadzinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Su Y, Peng Q, Ling H, You C, Wu Q, Xu L, Que Y. Systematic identification of miRNA-regulatory networks unveils their potential roles in sugarcane response to Sorghum mosaic virus infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 35585486 PMCID: PMC9118776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane mosaic disease (SMD) is a major viral disease of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) worldwide. Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) is the dominant pathogen of SMD in the sugarcane planting areas of China. There is no report on miRNAs and their regulatory networks in sugarcane response to SrMV infection. RESULTS In this study, small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) of samples from the leaves of SMD-susceptible variety ROC22 and -resistant variety FN39 infected by SrMV was performed. A total of 132 mature miRNAs (55 known miRNAs and 77 novel miRNAs) corresponding to 1,037 target genes were identified. After the SrMV attack, there were 30 differentially expressed miRNAs (17 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated) in FN39 and 19 in ROC22 (16 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated). Besides, there were 18 and 7 variety-specific differentially expressed miRNAs for FN39 and ROC22, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs targeted genes involved in several disease resistance-related pathways, such as mRNA surveillance, plant pathway interaction, sulfur metabolism, and regulation of autophagy. The reliability of sequencing data, and the expression patterns / regulation relationships between the selected differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in ROC22 and FN39 were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. A regulatory network diagram of differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes in sugarcane response to SrMV infection was sketched. In addition, precursor sequences of three candidate differentially expressed novel miRNAs (nov_3741, nov_22650 and nov_40875) were cloned from the ROC22 leaf infected by SrMV. Transient overexpression demonstrated that they could induce the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and the expression level of hypersensitive response marker genes, salicylic acid-responsive genes and ethylene synthesis-depended genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. It is thus speculated that these three miRNAs may be involved in regulating the early immune response of sugarcane plants following SrMV infection. CONCLUSIONS This study lays a foundation for revealing the miRNA regulation mechanism in the interaction of sugarcane and SrMV, and also provides a resource for miRNAs and their predicted target genes for SrMV resistance improvement in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Qiong Peng
- Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350018 Fujian China
| | - Hui Ling
- College of Agriculture, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000 Guangxi, China
| | - Chuihuai You
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Qibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
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10
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PP2A-B55: substrates and regulators in the control of cellular functions. Oncogene 2022; 41:1-14. [PMID: 34686773 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PP2A is a major serine/threonine phosphatase class involved in the regulation of cell signaling through the removal of protein phosphorylation. This class of phosphatases is comprised of different heterotrimeric complexes displaying distinct substrate specificities. The present review will focus on one specific heterocomplex, the phosphatase PP2A-B55. Herein, we will report the direct substrates of this phosphatase identified to date, and its impact on different cell signaling cascades. We will additionally describe its negative regulation by its inhibitors Arpp19 and ENSA and their upstream kinase Greatwall. Finally, we will describe the essential molecular features defining PP2A-B55 substrate specificity that confer the correct temporal pattern of substrate dephosphorylation. The main objective of this review is to provide the reader with a unique source compiling all the knowledge of this particular holoenzyme that has evolved as a key enzyme for cell homeostasis and cancer development.
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11
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Regulation of Cardiac PKA Signaling by cAMP and Oxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050663. [PMID: 33923287 PMCID: PMC8146537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologies, such as cancer, inflammatory and cardiac diseases are commonly associated with long-term increased production and release of reactive oxygen species referred to as oxidative stress. Thereby, protein oxidation conveys protein dysfunction and contributes to disease progression. Importantly, trials to scavenge oxidants by systemic antioxidant therapy failed. This observation supports the notion that oxidants are indispensable physiological signaling molecules that induce oxidative post-translational modifications in target proteins. In cardiac myocytes, the main driver of cardiac contractility is the activation of the β-adrenoceptor-signaling cascade leading to increased cellular cAMP production and activation of its main effector, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). PKA-mediated phosphorylation of substrate proteins that are involved in excitation-contraction coupling are responsible for the observed positive inotropic and lusitropic effects. PKA-actions are counteracted by cellular protein phosphatases (PP) that dephosphorylate substrate proteins and thus allow the termination of PKA-signaling. Both, kinase and phosphatase are redox-sensitive and susceptible to oxidation on critical cysteine residues. Thereby, oxidation of the regulatory PKA and PP subunits is considered to regulate subcellular kinase and phosphatase localization, while intradisulfide formation of the catalytic subunits negatively impacts on catalytic activity with direct consequences on substrate (de)phosphorylation and cardiac contractile function. This review article attempts to incorporate the current perception of the functionally relevant regulation of cardiac contractility by classical cAMP-dependent signaling with the contribution of oxidant modification.
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12
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Liu M, Liu A, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Su Y, Zhu AJ. Competition between two phosphatases fine-tunes Hedgehog signaling. J Cell Biol 2020; 220:211641. [PMID: 33373452 PMCID: PMC7774589 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential for embryonic development and adult homeostasis. How its signaling activity is fine-tuned in response to fluctuated Hh gradient is less known. Here, we identify protein phosphatase V (PpV), the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 6, as a homeostatic regulator of Hh signaling. PpV is genetically upstream of widerborst (wdb), which encodes a regulatory subunit of PP2A that modulates high-level Hh signaling. We show that PpV negatively regulates Wdb stability independent of phosphatase activity of PpV, by competing with the catalytic subunit of PP2A for Wdb association, leading to Wdb ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Thus, regulated Wdb stability, maintained through competition between two closely related phosphatases, ensures graded Hh signaling. Interestingly, PpV expression is regulated by Hh signaling. Therefore, PpV functions as a Hh activity sensor that regulates Wdb-mediated PP2A activity through feedback mechanisms to maintain Hh signaling homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Su
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Correspondence to Ying Su:
| | - Alan Jian Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China,Alan Jian Zhu:
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13
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Yee YH, Chong SJF, Kong LR, Goh BC, Pervaiz S. Sustained IKKβ phosphorylation and NF-κB activation by superoxide-induced peroxynitrite-mediated nitrotyrosine modification of B56γ3 and PP2A inactivation. Redox Biol 2020; 41:101834. [PMID: 33838472 PMCID: PMC8056462 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from its physiological role in inflammation and immunity, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein complex has been implicated in tumorigenesis and its progression. Here, we provide evidence that a pro-oxidant milieu is an upstream effector of oncogenic NF-κB signaling. Through pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SOD1, we show that elevated intracellular superoxide (O2•-) mediates sustained IKK phosphorylation, and induces downstream degradation of IκBα, leading to the nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of NF-κB. Mechanistically, we show that such sustained NF-κB signaling is a function of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation brought about by the nitrative modification of its substrate-binding sub-unit B56γ. Importantly, the pro-oxidant driven NF-κB activation enhances the migratory and invasive potential of cancer cells. In summary, our work highlights the critical involvement of O2•--dependent peroxynitrite production in inhibiting PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of IKK, thereby facilitating cancers to acquire an invasive phenotype. Given that NF-κB is a key player of chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis, our work unravels a novel synergistic node involving O2•--driven redox milieu and deregulated PP2A as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hui Yee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | | | - Li Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2, 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore; Integrative Science and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, NUS, Singapore; Faculté de Medicine, University of Paris, Paris, France.
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14
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Zheng H, Qi Y, Hu S, Cao X, Xu C, Yin Z, Chen X, Li Y, Liu W, Li J, Wang J, Wei G, Liang K, Chen FX, Xu Y. Identification of Integrator-PP2A complex (INTAC), an RNA polymerase II phosphatase. Science 2020; 370:370/6520/eabb5872. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zheng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, China, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yilun Qi
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shibin Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Congling Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhinang Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xizi Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weida Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kaiwei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Xavier Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, China, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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15
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Akoto T, Bhagirath D, Saini S. MicroRNAs in treatment-induced neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:804-818. [PMID: 33426506 PMCID: PMC7793563 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a condition commonly associated with men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy remains one of the targeted therapies. However, after some years, there is biochemical recurrence and metastatic progression into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC cases are treated with second-line androgen deprivation therapy, after which, these CRPCs transdifferentiate to form neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a highly aggressive variant of CRPC. NEPC arises via a reversible transdifferentiation process, known as neuroendocrine differentiation (NED), which is associated with altered expression of lineage markers such as decreased expression of androgen receptor and increased expression of neuroendocrine lineage markers including enolase 2, chromogranin A and synaptophysin. The etiological factors and molecular basis for NED are poorly understood, contributing to a lack of adequate molecular biomarkers for its diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, there is a need to fully understand the underlying molecular basis for this cancer. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key epigenetic role in driving therapy-induced NED in prostate cancer. In this review, we briefly describe the role of miRNAs in prostate cancer and CRPCs, discuss some key players in NEPCs and elaborate on miRNA dysregulation as a key epigenetic process that accompanies therapy-induced NED in metastatic CRPC. This understanding will contribute to better clinical management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Akoto
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Divya Bhagirath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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16
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Hsiao PC, Chang JH, Lee WJ, Ku CC, Tsai MY, Yang SF, Chien MH. The Curcumin Analogue, EF-24, Triggers p38 MAPK-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death via Inducing PP2A-Modulated ERK Deactivation in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082163. [PMID: 32759757 PMCID: PMC7464750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has a range of therapeutic benefits against cancers, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its clinical use. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and diphenyl difluoroketone (EF-24) are natural and synthetic curcumin analogues, respectively, with better solubilities and higher anti-carcinogenic activities in various solid tumors than CUR. However, the efficacy of these analogues against non-solid tumors, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), has not been fully investigated. Herein, we observed that both DMC and EF-24 significantly decrease the proportion of viable AML cells including HL-60, U937, and MV4-11, harboring different NRAS and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) statuses, and that EF-24 has a lower half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) than DMC. We found that EF-24 treatment induces several features of apoptosis, including an increase in the sub-G1 population, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and significant activation of extrinsic proapoptotic signaling such as caspase-8 and -3 activation. Mechanistically, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation is critical for EF-24-triggered apoptosis via activating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to attenuate extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activities in HL-60 AML cells. In the clinic, patients with AML expressing high level of PP2A have the most favorable prognoses compared to various solid tumors. Taken together, our results indicate that EF-24 is a potential therapeutic agent for treating AML, especially for cancer types that lose the function of the PP2A tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Ying Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3237) (M.-H.C.); +886-4-2473-9595 (ext. 34253) (S.-F.Y.); Fax: +886-2-2739-0500 (M.-H.C.); +886-4-2472-3229 (S.-F.Y.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3237) (M.-H.C.); +886-4-2473-9595 (ext. 34253) (S.-F.Y.); Fax: +886-2-2739-0500 (M.-H.C.); +886-4-2472-3229 (S.-F.Y.)
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17
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Wei H, Zhang HL, Wang XC, Xie JZ, An DD, Wan L, Wang JZ, Zeng Y, Shu XJ, Westermarck J, Lu YM, Ohlmeyer M, Liu R. Direct Activation of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by Tricyclic Sulfonamides Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis in Cell and Animal Models. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1087-1103. [PMID: 32096091 PMCID: PMC7609734 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease for which there are limited therapeutic strategies. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity is decreased in AD brains, which promotes the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and APP, thus participate in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction. In this study, the effect of synthetic tricyclic sulfonamide PP2A activators (aka SMAPs) on reducing AD-like pathogenesis was evaluated in AD cell models and AD-like hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) rat models. SMAPs effectively increased PP2A activity, and decreased tau phosphorylation and Aβ40/42 levels in AD cell models. In HHcy-AD rat models, cognitive impairments induced by HHcy were rescued by SMAP administration. HHcy-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ overproduction were ameliorated through increasing PP2A activity on compound treatment. Importantly, SMAP therapy also prevented neuronal cell spine loss and neuronal synapse impairment in the hippocampus of HHcy-AD rats. In summary, our data reveal that pharmacological PP2A reactivation may be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD treatment, and that the tricyclic sulfonamides constitute a novel candidate class of AD therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Zhao Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Dan An
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi-Ji Shu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - You-Ming Lu
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Atux Iskay LLC, Plainsboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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18
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miR-107 inhibition upregulates CAB39 and activates AMPK-Nrf2 signaling to protect osteoblasts from dexamethasone-induced oxidative injury and cytotoxicity. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11754-11767. [PMID: 32527986 PMCID: PMC7343481 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To human osteoblasts dexamethasone (DEX) treatment induces significant oxidative injury and cytotoxicity. Inhibition of CAB39 (calcium binding protein 39)-targeting microRNA can induce CAB39 upregulation, activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and offering osteoblast cytoprotection. Here we identified a novel CAB39-targeting miRNA: the microRNA-107 (miR-107). RNA-Pull down assay results demonstrated that the biotinylated-miR-107 directly binds to CAB39 mRNA in OB-6 human osteoblastic cells. Forced overexpression of miR-107, by infection of pre-miR-107 lentivirus or transfection of wild-type miR-107 mimic, largely inhibited CAB39 expression in OB-6 cells and primary human osteoblasts. Contrarily, miR-107 inhibition, by antagomiR-107, increased its expression, resulting in AMPK cascade activation. AntagomiR-107 largely attenuated DEX-induced cell death and apoptosis in OB-6 cells and human osteoblasts. Importantly, osteoblast cytoprotection by antagomiR-107 was abolished with AMPK in-activation by AMPKα1 dominant negative mutation, silencing or knockout. Further studies demonstrated that antagomiR-107 activated AMPK downstream Nrf2 cascade to inhibit DEX-induced oxidative injury. Conversely, Nrf2 knockout almost abolished antagomiR-107-induced osteoblast cytoprotection against DEX. Collectively, miR-107 inhibition induced CAB39 upregulation and activated AMPK-Nrf2 signaling to protect osteoblasts from DEX-induced oxidative injury and cytotoxicity.
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19
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Sheng Z, Du W. NatB regulates Rb mutant cell death and tumor growth by modulating EGFR/MAPK signaling through the N-end rule pathways. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008863. [PMID: 32559195 PMCID: PMC7329143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the Rb tumor suppressor causes context-dependent increases in cell proliferation or cell death. In a genetic screen for factors that promoted Rb mutant cell death in Drosophila, we identified Psid, a regulatory subunit of N-terminal acetyltransferase B (NatB). We showed that NatB subunits were required for elevated EGFR/MAPK signaling and Rb mutant cell survival. We showed that NatB regulates the posttranscriptional levels of the highly conserved pathway components Grb2/Drk, MAPK, and PP2AC but not that of the less conserved Sprouty. Interestingly, NatB increased the levels of positive pathway components Grb2/Drk and MAPK while decreased the levels of negative pathway component PP2AC, which were mediated by the distinct N-end rule branch E3 ubiquitin ligases Ubr4 and Cnot4, respectively. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which NatB and N-end rule pathways modulate EGFR/MAPK signaling by inversely regulating the levels of multiple conserved positive and negative pathway components. As inactivation of Psid blocked EGFR signaling-dependent tumor growth, this study raises the possibility that NatB is potentially a novel therapeutic target for cancers dependent on deregulated EGFR/Ras signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Sheng
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wei Du
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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20
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Neal SJ, Zhou Q, Pignoni F. STRIPAK-PP2A regulates Hippo-Yorkie signaling to suppress retinal fate in the Drosophila eye disc peripodial epithelium. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs237834. [PMID: 32184260 PMCID: PMC7272332 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The specification of organs, tissues and cell types results from cell fate restrictions enacted by nuclear transcription factors under the control of conserved signaling pathways. The progenitor epithelium of the Drosophila compound eye, the eye imaginal disc, is a premier model for the study of such processes. Early in development, apposing cells of the eye disc are established as either retinal progenitors or support cells of the peripodial epithelium (PE), in a process whose genetic and mechanistic determinants are poorly understood. We have identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and specifically a STRIPAK-PP2A complex that includes the scaffolding and substrate-specificity components Cka, Strip and SLMAP, as a critical player in the retina-PE fate choice. We show that these factors suppress ectopic retina formation in the presumptive PE and do so via the Hippo signaling axis. STRIPAK-PP2A negatively regulates Hippo kinase, and consequently its substrate Warts, to release the transcriptional co-activator Yorkie into the nucleus. Thus, a modular higher-order PP2A complex refines the activity of this general phosphatase to act in a precise specification of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Neal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4610, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4610, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Francesca Pignoni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4610, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4610, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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21
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Jong CJ, Merrill RA, Wilkerson EM, Herring LE, Graves LM, Strack S. Reduction of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complexity reveals cellular functions and dephosphorylation motifs of the PP2A/B'δ holoenzyme. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5654-5668. [PMID: 32156701 PMCID: PMC7186168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a large enzyme family responsible for most cellular Ser/Thr dephosphorylation events. PP2A substrate specificity, localization, and regulation by second messengers rely on more than a dozen regulatory subunits (including B/R2, B'/R5, and B″/R3), which form the PP2A heterotrimeric holoenzyme by associating with a dimer comprising scaffolding (A) and catalytic (C) subunits. Because of partial redundancy and high endogenous expression of PP2A holoenzymes, traditional approaches of overexpressing, knocking down, or knocking out PP2A regulatory subunits have yielded only limited insights into their biological roles and substrates. To this end, here we sought to reduce the complexity of cellular PP2A holoenzymes. We used tetracycline-inducible expression of pairs of scaffolding and regulatory subunits with complementary charge-reversal substitutions in their interaction interfaces. For each of the three regulatory subunit families, we engineered A/B charge-swap variants that could bind to one another, but not to endogenous A and B subunits. Because endogenous Aα was targeted by a co-induced shRNA, endogenous B subunits were rapidly degraded, resulting in expression of predominantly a single PP2A heterotrimer composed of the A/B charge-swap pair and the endogenous catalytic subunit. Using B'δ/PPP2R5D, we show that PP2A complexity reduction, but not PP2A overexpression, reveals a role of this holoenzyme in suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling and protein kinase A substrate dephosphorylation. When combined with global phosphoproteomics, the PP2A/B'δ reduction approach identified consensus dephosphorylation motifs in its substrates and suggested that residues surrounding the phosphorylation site play roles in PP2A substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian Ju Jong
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Ronald A Merrill
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Emily M Wilkerson
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | - Laura E Herring
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | - Lee M Graves
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
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22
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The Role of MYC and PP2A in the Initiation and Progression of Myeloid Leukemias. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030544. [PMID: 32110991 PMCID: PMC7140463 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor is one of the best characterized PP2A substrates. Deregulation of the MYC oncogene, along with inactivation of PP2A, are two frequent events in cancer. Both proteins are essential regulators of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and they, directly and indirectly, regulate each other’s activity. Studies in cancer suggest that targeting the MYC/PP2A network is an achievable strategy for the clinic. Here, we focus on and discuss the role of MYC and PP2A in myeloid leukemias.
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23
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Ifenprodil Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization Through the GluN2B-PP2A-AKT Cascade in the Dorsal Striatum of Mice. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:891-901. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Javadpour P, Dargahi L, Ahmadiani A, Ghasemi R. To be or not to be: PP2A as a dual player in CNS functions, its role in neurodegeneration, and its interaction with brain insulin signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2277-2297. [PMID: 30874837 PMCID: PMC11105459 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has reached the consensus that the balance of phosphorylation state of signaling molecules is a pivotal point in the regulation of cell signaling. Therefore, characterizing elements (kinases-phosphatases) in the phosphorylation balance are at great importance. However, the role of phosphatase enzymes is less investigated than kinase enzymes. PP2A is a member of serine/threonine protein phosphatase that its imbalance has been reported in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the superfamily of phosphatases and more specifically PP2A, its regulation, and physiological functions participate in CNS. Thereafter, we discussed the latest findings about PP2A dysregulation in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and possible interplay between this phosphatase and insulin signaling pathways. Finally, activating/inhibitory modulators for PP2A activity as well as experimental methods for PP2A study have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Javadpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Ding Y, Yu A, Tsokos GC, Malek TR. CD25 and Protein Phosphatase 2A Cooperate to Enhance IL-2R Signaling in Human Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:93-104. [PMID: 31085588 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose IL-2 therapy is a direct approach to boost regulatory T cells (Tregs) and promote immune tolerance in autoimmune patients. However, the mechanisms responsible for selective response of Tregs to low-dose IL-2 is not fully understood. In this study we directly assessed the contribution of CD25 and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in promoting IL-2R signaling in Tregs. IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 (pSTAT5) was proportional to CD25 levels on human CD4+ T cells and YT human NK cell line, directly demonstrating that CD25 promotes IL-2R signaling. Overexpression of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) by lentiviral transduction in human Tregs increased the level of IL-2R subunits and promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak3 and STAT5. Interestingly, increased expression of CD25 only partially accounted for this enhanced activation of pSTAT5, indicating that PP2A promotes IL-2R signaling through multiple mechanisms. Consistent with these findings, knockdown of PP2Ac in human Tregs and impaired PP2Ac activity in mouse Tregs significantly reduced IL-2-dependent STAT5 activation. In contrast, overexpression or knockdown of PP2Ac in human T effector cells did not affect IL-2-dependent pSTAT5 activation. Overexpression of PP2Ac in human Tregs also increased the expressions of proteins related to survival, activation, and immunosuppressive function, and upregulated several IL-2-regulated genes. Collectively, these findings suggest that CD25 and PP2A cooperatively enhance the responsiveness of Tregs to IL-2, which provide potential therapeutic targets for low-dose IL-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Aixin Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136; .,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
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26
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SET protein accumulation prevents cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through regulation of redox state and autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:623-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Tohmé R, Izadmehr S, Gandhe S, Tabaro G, Vallabhaneni S, Thomas A, Vasireddi N, Dhawan NS, Ma’ayan A, Sharma N, Galsky MD, Ohlmeyer M, Sangodkar J, Narla G. Direct activation of PP2A for the treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant lung adenocarcinoma. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125693. [PMID: 30830869 PMCID: PMC6478418 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated significant efficacy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with pathogenic alterations in EGFR, most patients develop acquired resistance to these agents via mechanisms enabling the sustained activation of the PI3K and MAPK oncogenic pathways downstream of EGFR. The tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) acts as a negative regulator of these pathways. We hypothesize that activation of PP2A simultaneously inhibits the PI3K and MAPK pathways and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TKI-resistant LUAD. After establishing the efficacy of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) in a transgenic EGFRL858R model and TKI-sensitive cell lines, we evaluated their therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo in TKI-resistant models. PP2A activation resulted in apoptosis, significant tumor growth inhibition, and downregulation of PI3K and MAPK pathways. Combination of SMAPs and TKI afatinib resulted in an enhanced effect on the downregulation of the PI3K pathway via degradation of the PP2A endogenous inhibitor CIP2A. An improved effect on tumor growth inhibition was observed in a TKI-resistant xenograft mouse model treated with a combination of both agents. These collective data support the development of PP2A activators for the treatment of TKI-resistant LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tohmé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute
| | - Sai Gandhe
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Giancarlo Tabaro
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanjay Vallabhaneni
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ava Thomas
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Neal Vasireddi
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Avi Ma’ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wang JQ, Mao L. The ERK Pathway: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Depression. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6197-6205. [PMID: 30737641 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a chronic debilitating mental illness. Its pathophysiology at cellular and molecular levels is incompletely understood. Increasing evidence supports a pivotal role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in particular the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subclass of MAPKs, in the pathogenesis, symptomatology, and treatment of depression. In humans and various chronic animal models of depression, the ERK signaling was significantly downregulated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, two core areas implicated in depression. Inhibiting the ERK pathway in these areas caused depression-like behavior. A variety of antidepressants produced their behavioral effects in part via normalizing the downregulated ERK activity. In addition to ERK, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an immediate upstream regulator of ERK, the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor downstream to ERK, and the MAPK phosphatase (MKP) are equally vulnerable to depression. While BDNF and CREB were reduced in their activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of depressed animals, MKP activity was enhanced in parallel. Chronic antidepressant treatment readily reversed these neurochemical changes. Thus, ERK signaling in the depression-implicated brain regions was disrupted during the development of depression, which contributes to the long-lasting and transcription-dependent neuroadaptations critical for enduring depression-like behavior and the therapeutic effect of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Q Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Rm. M3-213, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Limin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Rm. M3-213, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Raman D, Pervaiz S. Redox inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A: Potential implications in oncogenesis and its progression. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101105. [PMID: 30686777 PMCID: PMC6859563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes are dictated by the active signaling of proteins relaying messages to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell communications. An intricate web of protein kinases and phosphatases are critical to the proper transmission of signals across such cascades. By governing 30–50% of all protein dephosphorylation in the cell, with prominent substrate proteins being key regulators of signaling cascades, the phosphatase PP2A has emerged as a celebrated player in various developmental and tumorigenic pathways, thereby posing as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in various pathologies wherein its activity is deregulated. This review is mainly focused on refreshing our understanding of the structural and functional complexity that cocoons the PP2A phosphatase, and its expression in cancers. Additionally, we focus on its physiological regulation as well as into recent advents and strategies that have shown promise in countering the deregulation of the phosphatase through its targeted reactivation. Finally, we dwell upon one of the key regulators of PP2A in cancer cells-cellular redox status-its multifarious nature, and its integration into the reactome of PP2A, highlighting some of the significant impacts that ROS can inflict on the structural modifications and functional aspect of PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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30
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Baro B, Játiva S, Calabria I, Vinaixa J, Bech-Serra JJ, de LaTorre C, Rodrigues J, Hernáez ML, Gil C, Barceló-Batllori S, Larsen MR, Queralt E. SILAC-based phosphoproteomics reveals new PP2A-Cdc55-regulated processes in budding yeast. Gigascience 2018; 7:4982941. [PMID: 29688323 PMCID: PMC5967524 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a family of conserved serine/threonine phosphatases involved in several essential aspects of cell growth and proliferation. PP2ACdc55 phosphatase has been extensively related to cell cycle events in budding yeast; however, few PP2ACdc55 substrates have been identified. Here, we performed a quantitative mass spectrometry approach to reveal new substrates of PP2ACdc55 phosphatase and new PP2A-related processes in mitotic arrested cells. Results We identified 62 statistically significant PP2ACdc55 substrates involved mainly in actin-cytoskeleton organization. In addition, we validated new PP2ACdc55 substrates such as Slk19 and Lte1, involved in early and late anaphase pathways, and Zeo1, a component of the cell wall integrity pathway. Finally, we constructed docking models of Cdc55 and its substrate Mob1. We found that the predominant interface on Cdc55 is mediated by a protruding loop consisting of residues 84–90, thus highlighting the relevance of these aminoacids for substrate interaction. Conclusions We used phosphoproteomics of Cdc55-deficient cells to uncover new PP2ACdc55 substrates and functions in mitosis. As expected, several hyperphosphorylated proteins corresponded to Cdk1-dependent substrates, although other kinases’ consensus motifs were also enriched in our dataset, suggesting that PP2ACdc55 counteracts and regulates other kinases distinct from Cdk1. Indeed, Pkc1 emerged as a novel node of PP2ACdc55 regulation, highlighting a major role of PP2ACdc55 in actin cytoskeleton and cytokinesis, gene ontology terms significantly enriched in the PP2ACdc55-dependent phosphoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baro
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soraya Játiva
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Calabria
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Vinaixa
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan-Josep Bech-Serra
- IDIBELL Proteomics Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina de LaTorre
- IDIBELL Proteomics Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Rodrigues
- Structural Biology Department, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - María Luisa Hernáez
- Proteomics Unit, Parque Científico de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Gil
- Proteomics Unit, Parque Científico de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Barceló-Batllori
- IDIBELL Proteomics Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Prado JCM, Monezi TA, Amorim AT, Lino V, Paladino A, Boccardo E. Human polyomaviruses and cancer: an overview. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e558s. [PMID: 30328951 PMCID: PMC6157077 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e558s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The name of the family Polyomaviridae, derives from the early observation that cells infected with murine polyomavirus induced multiple (poly) tumors (omas) in immunocompromised mice. Subsequent studies showed that many members of this family exhibit the capacity of mediating cell transformation and tumorigenesis in different experimental models. The transformation process mediated by these viruses is driven by viral pleiotropic regulatory proteins called T (tumor) antigens. Similar to other viral oncoproteins T antigens target cellular regulatory factors to favor cell proliferation, immune evasion and downregulation of apoptosis. The first two human polyomaviruses were isolated over 45 years ago. However, recent advances in the DNA sequencing technologies led to the rapid identification of additional twelve new polyomaviruses in different human samples. Many of these viruses establish chronic infections and have been associated with conditions in immunosuppressed individuals, particularly in organ transplant recipients. This has been associated to viral reactivation due to the immunosuppressant therapy applied to these patients. Four polyomaviruses namely, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSPyV), John Cunningham Polyomavirus (JCPyV) and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) have been associated with the development of specific malignant tumors. However, present evidence only supports the role of MCPyV as a carcinogen to humans. In the present review we present a summarized discussion on the current knowledge concerning the role of MCPyV, TSPyV, JCPyV and BKPyV in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Mann Prado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Telma Alves Monezi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Aline Teixeira Amorim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Vanesca Lino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Andressa Paladino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Xu D, Zhao W, Wang C, Zhu H, He M, Zhu X, Liu W, Wang F, Fan J, Chen C, Cui D, Cui Z. Up-regulation of TNF Receptor-associated Factor 7 after spinal cord injury in rats may have implication for neuronal apoptosis. Neuropeptides 2018; 71:81-89. [PMID: 30100091 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7), is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for several proteins involved in the activation of TLR-dependent NF-kappaB signaling. TRAF7 links TNF receptor family proteins to signaling pathways, thus participates in regulating cell death and survival mediated by TNF family ligands. To date, the biological function of TRAF7 after spinal cord injury (SCI) is still with limited acquaintance. In this study, we have performed an acute SCI model in adult rats and investigated the dynamic changes of TRAF7 expression in the spinal cord. Our results showed that TRAF7 was up-regulated significantly after SCI, which was paralleled with the levels of the apoptotic protein active caspase-3. Immunofluorescent labeling showed that TRAF7 was co-localizated with active caspase-3 in neurons. To further investigate the function of TRAF7, an apoptosis model was established in primary neuronal cells. When TRAF7 was knocked down by specific short interfering RNA (siRNA), the protein levels of active caspase-3 and the number of apoptotic primary neurons were significantly decreased in our study. Taken together, our findings suggest that the change of TRAF7 protein expression plays a key role in neuronal apoptosis after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoran Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China.
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A genetic mosaic screen identifies genes modulating Notch signaling in Drosophila. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203781. [PMID: 30235233 PMCID: PMC6147428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is conserved in most multicellular organisms and plays critical roles during animal development. The core components and major signal transduction mechanism of Notch signaling have been extensively studied. However, our understanding of how Notch signaling activity is regulated in diverse developmental processes still remains incomplete. Here, we report a genetic mosaic screen in Drosophila melanogaster that leads to identification of Notch signali ng modulators during wing development. We discovered a group of genes required for the formation of the fly wing margin, a developmental process that is strictly dependent on the balanced Notch signaling activity. These genes encode transcription factors, protein phosphatases, vacuolar ATPases and factors required for RNA transport, stability, and translation. Our data support the view that Notch signaling is controlled through a wide range of molecular processes. These results also provide foundations for further study by showing that Me31B and Wdr62 function as two novel modulators of Notch signaling activity.
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PpV, acting via the JNK pathway, represses apoptosis during normal development of Drosophila wing. Apoptosis 2018; 23:554-562. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Luo J, Gu Y, Liu P, Jiang X, Yu W, Ye P, Chao Y, Yang H, Zhu L, Zhou L, Chen S. Berberine attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension via protein phosphatase 2A signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9750-9762. [PMID: 30078229 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation, migration, and antiapoptosis of pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) underlies the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling. The innervation of the PA is predominantly sympathetic, and increased levels of circulating catecholamines have been detected in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), suggesting that neurotransmitters released by sympathetic overactivation may play an essential role in PAH. However, the responsible mechanism remains unclear. Here, to investigate the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on PASMCs and the related mechanism, we used 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the cell counting kit-8 assay to evaluate the proliferation of PASMCs, Boyden chamber migration, and wound-healing assays to assess migration and western blot analysis to investigate protein expression. We demonstrated that the phosphorylation level of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit (Y307) was higher in PAH patients and PAH models than in controls, both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, NE induced the proliferation and migration of PASMCs, which was attenuated by berberine (BBR), a Chinese herbal medicine, and/or PP2A overexpression. PP2A inhibition worsened NE-induced PAH and could not be reversed by BBR. Thus, PP2A is critical in driving PAH, and BBR may alleviate PAH via PP2A signaling pathways, thereby offering a potential therapeutic option for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wande Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuelin Chao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Martina JA, Puertollano R. Protein phosphatase 2A stimulates activation of TFEB and TFE3 transcription factors in response to oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12525-12534. [PMID: 29945972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptations and responses to stress conditions are fundamental processes that all cells must accomplish to maintain or restore cellular homeostasis. Cells have a plethora of response pathways to mitigate the effect of different environmental stressors. The transcriptional regulators transcription factor EB (TFEB) and transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) play a key role in the control of these stress pathways. Therefore, understanding their regulation under different stress conditions is of great interest. Here, using a range of human and murine cells, we show that TFEB and TFE3 are activated upon induction of acute oxidative stress by sodium arsenite via an mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-independent process. We found that the mechanism of arsenite-stimulated TFEB and TFE3 activation instead involves protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-mediated dephosphorylation at Ser-211 and Ser-321, respectively. Depletion of either the catalytic (PPP2CA+B) or regulatory (PPP2R2A/B55α) subunits of PP2A, as well as PP2A inactivation with the specific inhibitor okadaic acid, abolished TFEB and TFE3 activation in response to sodium arsenite. Conversely, PP2A activation by ceramide or the sphingosine-like compound FTY720 was sufficient to induce TFE3 nuclear translocation. MS analysis revealed that PP2A dephosphorylates TFEB at several residues, including Ser-109, Ser-114, Ser-122, and Ser-211, thus facilitating TFEB activation. Overall, this work identifies a critical mechanism that activates TFEB and TFE3 without turning off mTORC1 activity. We propose that this mechanism may enable some cell types such as immune or cancer cells that require simultaneous TFEB/TFE3 and mTORC1 signaling to survive and achieve robust cell growth in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Martina
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Lee JA, Wang Z, Sambo D, Bunting KD, Pallas DC. Global loss of leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 causes severe defects in fetal liver hematopoiesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9636-9650. [PMID: 29735529 PMCID: PMC6016458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 (LCMT-1) methylates the C-terminal leucine α-carboxyl group of the catalytic subunits of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subfamily of protein phosphatases, PP2Ac, PP4c, and PP6c. LCMT-1 differentially regulates the formation and function of a subset of the heterotrimeric complexes that PP2A and PP4 form with their regulatory subunits. Global LCMT-1 knockout causes embryonic lethality in mice, but LCMT-1 function in development is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of global LCMT-1 loss on embryonic development. LCMT-1 knockout causes loss of PP2Ac methylation, indicating that LCMT-1 is the sole PP2Ac methyltransferase. PP2A heterotrimers containing the Bα and Bδ B-type subunits are dramatically reduced in whole embryos, and the steady-state levels of PP2Ac and the PP2A structural A subunit are also down ∼30%. Strikingly, global loss of LCMT-1 causes severe defects in fetal hematopoiesis and usually death by embryonic day 16.5. Fetal livers of homozygous lcmt-1 knockout embryos display hypocellularity, elevated apoptosis, and greatly reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-enriched Kit+Lin-Sca1+ cells. The percent cycling cells and mitotic indices of WT and lcmt-1 knockout fetal liver cells are similar, suggesting that hypocellularity may be due to a combination of apoptosis and/or defects in specification, self-renewal, or survival of stem cells. Indicative of a possible intrinsic defect in stem cells, noncompetitive and competitive transplantation experiments reveal that lcmt-1 loss causes a severe multilineage hematopoietic repopulating defect. Therefore, this study reveals a novel role for LCMT-1 as a key player in fetal liver hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn A Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, the Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Graduate Program, and
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- the Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Danielle Sambo
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, the Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Graduate Program, and
| | - Kevin D Bunting
- the Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - David C Pallas
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, the Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Graduate Program, and
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Trial J, Cieslik KA. Changes in cardiac resident fibroblast physiology and phenotype in aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H745-H755. [PMID: 29906228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00237.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast plays a central role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. With aging, dysregulated cardiac fibroblasts have a reduced capacity to activate a canonical transforming growth factor-β-Smad pathway and differentiate poorly into contractile myofibroblasts. That results in the formation of an insufficient scar after myocardial infarction. In contrast, in the uninjured aged heart, fibroblasts are activated and acquire a profibrotic phenotype that leads to interstitial fibrosis, ventricular stiffness, and diastolic dysfunction, all conditions that may lead to heart failure. There is an apparent paradox in aging, wherein reparative fibrosis is impaired but interstitial, adverse fibrosis is augmented. This could be explained by analyzing the effectiveness of signaling pathways in resident fibroblasts from young versus aged hearts. Whereas defective signaling by transforming growth factor-β leads to insufficient scar formation by myofibroblasts, enhanced activation of the ERK1/2 pathway may be responsible for interstitial fibrosis mediated by activated fibroblasts. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/fibroblast-phenotypic-changes-in-the-aging-heart/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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Koutsioumpa M, Chen HW, O'Brien N, Koinis F, Mahurkar-Joshi S, Vorvis C, Soroosh A, Luo T, Issakhanian S, Pantuck AJ, Georgoulias V, Iliopoulos D, Slamon DJ, Drakaki A. MKAD-21 Suppresses the Oncogenic Activity of the miR-21/PPP2R2A/ERK Molecular Network in Bladder Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1430-1440. [PMID: 29703843 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer represents a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. MiR-21 has been found to have oncogenic activity in multiple cancers, including bladder cancer, whereas inhibition of its expression suppresses tumor growth. Here, we examine the molecular network regulated by miR-21 in bladder cancer and evaluate the effects of i.v. and i.p. administration of a novel miR-21 chemical inhibitor in vivo LNA miR-21 reduced the oncogenic potential of bladder cancer cells, whereas the MKAD-21 chemically modified antisense oligo against miR-21 dose-dependently blocked xenograft growth. I.v. administration of LNA miR-21 was more effective in suppressing tumor growth than was i.p. administration. Integration of computational and transcriptomic analyses in a panel of 28 bladder cancer lines revealed a 15-gene signature that correlates with miR-21 levels. Protein Phosphatase 2 Regulatory Subunit Balpha (PPP2R2A) was one of these 15 genes and was experimentally validated as a novel miR-21 direct target gene. Gene network and molecular analyses showed that PPP2R2A is a potent negative regulator of the ERK pathway activation and bladder cancer cell proliferation. Importantly, we show that PPP2R2A acts as a mediator of miR-21-induced oncogenic effects in bladder cancer. Integrative analysis of human bladder cancer tumors and a large panel of human bladder cancer cell lines revealed a novel 15-gene signature that correlates with miR-21 levels. Importantly, we provide evidence that PPP2R2A represents a new miR-21 direct target and regulator of the ERK pathway and bladder cancer cell growth. Furthermore, i.v. administration of the MKAD-21 inhibitor effectively suppressed tumor growth through regulation of the PPP2R2A-ERK network in mice. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1430-40. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Koutsioumpa
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hsiao-Wang Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Neil O'Brien
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Filippos Koinis
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology and Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christina Vorvis
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Artin Soroosh
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tong Luo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shawnt Issakhanian
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allan J Pantuck
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology and Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Nam RK, Benatar T, Amemiya Y, Wallis CJ, Romero JM, Tsagaris M, Sherman C, Sugar L, Seth A. MicroRNA-652 induces NED in LNCaP and EMT in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19159-19176. [PMID: 29721191 PMCID: PMC5922385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNAs is frequently associated with disease and, in particular, is involved in prostate cancer progression. Next generation miRNA sequencing identified a panel of five miRNAs associated with prostate cancer recurrence and metastasis. High expression of one of these five miRNAs, miR-652, correlated significantly with an increased rate of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence. Overexpression of miR-652 in prostate cancer cells, PC3 and LNCaP, resulted in increased growth, migration and invasion. Prostate cancer cell xenografts overexpressing miR-652 showed increased tumorigenicity and metastases. We found that miR-652 directly targets the B" regulatory subunit, PPP2R3A, of the tumor suppressor PP2A, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PC3 cells and neuroendocrine-like differentiation (NED) in LNCaP cells. The mesenchymal marker N-cadherin increased and epithelial marker E-cadherin decreased in PC3 cells overexpressing miR-652. In LNCaP cells and xenografted tumors, overexpression of miR-652 increased markers of NED, including chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase, and synaptophysin. MiR-652 may contribute to prostate tumor progression by promoting NED through decreased PP2A function. MiR-652 expression could serve as a biomarker for aggressive prostate cancer, as well as provide an opportunity for novel therapy in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Nam
- 1 Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania Benatar
- 2 Platform Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yutaka Amemiya
- 3 Genomics Facility, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J.D. Wallis
- 1 Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joan Miguel Romero
- 2 Platform Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melina Tsagaris
- 2 Platform Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Sherman
- 4 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 5 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Sugar
- 4 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 5 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arun Seth
- 2 Platform Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 3 Genomics Facility, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 4 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 5 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mao Z, Liu C, Lin X, Sun B, Su C. PPP2R5A: A multirole protein phosphatase subunit in regulating cancer development. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:222-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhao H, Li D, Zhang B, Qi Y, Diao Y, Zhen Y, Shu X. PP2A as the Main Node of Therapeutic Strategies and Resistance Reversal in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122277. [PMID: 29261144 PMCID: PMC6149800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), is defined as a type of tumor lacking the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The ER, PR and HER2 are usually the molecular therapeutic targets for breast cancers, but they are ineffective for TNBC because of their negative expressions, so chemotherapy is currently the main treatment strategy in TNBC. However, drug resistance remains a major impediment to TNBC chemotherapeutic treatment. Recently, the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been found to regulate the phosphorylation of some substrates involved in the relevant target of TNBC, such as cell cycle control, DNA damage responses, epidermal growth factor receptor, immune modulation and cell death resistance, which may be the effective therapeutic strategies or influence drug sensitivity to TNBCs. Furthermore, PP2A has also been found that could induce ER re-expression in ER-negative breast cancer cells, and which suggests PP2A could promote the sensitivity of tamoxifen to TNBCs as a resistance reversal agent. In this review, we will summarize the potential therapeutic value of PP2A as the main node in developing targeting agents, disrupting resistance or restoring drug sensitivity in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Duojiao Li
- Kamp Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Baojing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Xu L, Jin L, Yang B, Wang L, Xia Z, Zhang Q, Xu J. The sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor ABC294640 inhibits cervical carcinoma cell growth. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2384-2394. [PMID: 29416779 PMCID: PMC5788647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABC294640 is a specific sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) inhibitor. The anti-cervical carcinoma activity by ABC294640 was tested in this study. ABC294640 inhibited in vitro growth of the established (C33A and HeLa lines) and primary human cervical carcinoma cells. The SphK2 inhibitor also induced G1-S arrest and apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells. It was yet non-cytotoxic to SphK2-low human cervical epithelial cells. ABC294640 inhibited SphK activation, causing sphingosine-1-phosphate depletion, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in-activation and ceramide production. Bcl-2 is a key resistance factor of ABC294640. Pharmacological Bcl-2 inhibition or Bcl-2 shRNA potentiated ABC294640-induced C33A cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. On the other hand, exogenous over-expression of Bcl-2 attenuated ABC294640's cytotoxicity against C33A cells. In vivo, ABC294640 administration inhibited C33A xenograft tumor growth in mice. Co-administration of the Bcl-2 inhibitor GDC-0199 further potentiated ABC294640's anti-tumor activity. Together, we suggest that ABC294640 might have translational value for the treatment of human cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longmei Jin
- Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyin Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Peterson YK, Luttrell LM. The Diverse Roles of Arrestin Scaffolds in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2017. [PMID: 28626043 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual/β-arrestins, a small family of proteins originally described for their role in the desensitization and intracellular trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), have emerged as key regulators of multiple signaling pathways. Evolutionarily related to a larger group of regulatory scaffolds that share a common arrestin fold, the visual/β-arrestins acquired the capacity to detect and bind activated GPCRs on the plasma membrane, which enables them to control GPCR desensitization, internalization, and intracellular trafficking. By acting as scaffolds that bind key pathway intermediates, visual/β-arrestins both influence the tonic level of pathway activity in cells and, in some cases, serve as ligand-regulated scaffolds for GPCR-mediated signaling. Growing evidence supports the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of arrestins and underscores their potential as therapeutic targets. Circumventing arrestin-dependent GPCR desensitization may alleviate the problem of tachyphylaxis to drugs that target GPCRs, and find application in the management of chronic pain, asthma, and psychiatric illness. As signaling scaffolds, arrestins are also central regulators of pathways controlling cell growth, migration, and survival, suggesting that manipulating their scaffolding functions may be beneficial in inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and cancer. In this review we examine the structure-function relationships that enable arrestins to perform their diverse roles, addressing arrestin structure at the molecular level, the relationship between arrestin conformation and function, and sites of interaction between arrestins, GPCRs, and nonreceptor-binding partners. We conclude with a discussion of arrestins as therapeutic targets and the settings in which manipulating arrestin function might be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Y.K.P.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Y.K.P.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
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Xu D, Zhu H, Wang C, Zhao W, Liu G, Bao G, Cui D, Fan J, Wang F, Jin H, Cui Z. SphK2 over-expression promotes osteosarcoma cell growth. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105525-105535. [PMID: 29285269 PMCID: PMC5739656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is needed to explore novel biological markers for early diagnosis and treatment of human osteosarcoma. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) expression and potential functions in osteosarcoma were studied. We demonstrate that SphK2 is over-expressed in multiple human osteosarcoma tissues and established human osteosarcoma cell lines. Silence of SphK2 by targeted-shRNAs inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth, and induced cell apoptosis. On the other hand, exogenous over-expression of SphK2 could further promote osteosarcoma cell growth. Notably, microRNA-19a-3p ("miR-19a-3p") targets the 3' UTR (untranslated region) of SphK2 mRNA. Remarkably, forced-expression of miR-19a-3p silenced SphK2 and inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth. In vivo, SphK2 silence, by targeted-shRNA or miR-19a-3p, inhibited U2OS tumor growth in nude mice. These results suggest that SphK2 could be a novel and key oncotarget protein for OS cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Genxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Daoran Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianbo Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huricha Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Ishii Y, Kuroda K, Matsushita K, Yokoo Y, Takasu S, Kijima A, Nohmi T, Ogawa K, Umemura T. Phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A facilitated an early stage of chemical carcinogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 336:75-83. [PMID: 29054680 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine-threonine phosphatase that regulates cell signaling pathways. Its inactivation is correlated with tumor malignancy, possibly due to the effects on cell differentiation and malignant cell transformation. Therefore, it has been noted that PP2A could be a promising target for cancer therapy. In our previous study of the hepatocarcinogen estragole (ES), cell proliferation may be required to convert ES-specific DNA adducts to mutations. To explore the trigger for cell proliferation, gpt delta rats were administered ES by gavage at doses of 3, 30 and 300mg/kg/day for 4weeks. ES-induced cell proliferation and gene mutations were observed at only the high dose whereas ES-specific DNA adducts were detected in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analyses revealed activation of the Akt and ERK pathways without activation of upstream regulators, such as c-Raf, PKC and, PI3K. Phosphorylation of the PP2A C subunit at Tyr307 was found along with phosphorylation of Src. The overall data might imply that PP2A inactivation is responsible for cell cycle progression through activation of the Akt and ERK pathways at high doses of ES. Based on γ-H2AX immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis for Rad51 protein, the resultant mutation spectra showed large deletion mutations that might result from double strand breaks of DNA. Thus, it is likely that inactivation of PP2A resulted in acceleration and exacerbation of gene mutations. We conclude that PP2A might contribute to an early stage of chemical carcinogenesis, suggesting that PP2A could be a molecular target of primary cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Kuroda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yuh Yokoo
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Takasu
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Aki Kijima
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Science, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; Faculty of Animal Science Technology, Yamazaki Gakuen University, 4-7-2 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0364, Japan.
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Shlomai G, Zelenko Z, Antoniou IM, Stasinopoulos M, Tobin-Hess A, Vitek MP, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. OP449 inhibits breast cancer growth without adverse metabolic effects. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:519-529. [PMID: 28830934 PMCID: PMC5678946 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is associated with a decrease in breast cancer recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Inhibition of insulin receptor signaling is associated with glycemic dysregulation. SET is a direct modulator of PP2A, which negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. OP449, a SET inhibitor, decreases AKT/mTOR activation. The effects of OP449 treatment on breast cancer growth in the setting of pre-diabetes, and its metabolic implications are currently unknown. We found that the volumes and weights of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts were greater in hyperinsulinemic mice compared with controls (P < 0.05), and IR phosphorylation was 4.5-fold higher in these mice (P < 0.05). Human and murine breast cancer tumors treated with OP449 were 47% and 39% smaller than controls (P < 0.05, for both, respectively). AKT and S6RP phosphorylation were 82% and 34% lower in OP449-treated tumors compared with controls (P < 0.05, P = 0.06, respectively). AKT and S6RP phosphorylation in response to insulin was 30% and 12% lower in cells, pre-treated with OP449, compared with control cells (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). However, even with decreased AKT/mTOR activation, body weights and composition, blood glucose and plasma insulin, glucose tolerance, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were similar between OP449-treated mice and controls. Xenografts and liver tissue from OP449-treated mice showed a 64% and 70% reduction in STAT5 activation, compared with controls (P < 0.01 and P = 0.06, respectively). Our data support an anti-neoplastic effect of OP449 on human breast cancer cells in vitro and in xenografts in the setting of hyperinsulinemia. OP449 led to the inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling, albeit, not leading to metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Shlomai
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- The Dr Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program 2013Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Zara Zelenko
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Irini Markella Antoniou
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Marilyn Stasinopoulos
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Aviva Tobin-Hess
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Vitek
- CognosciInc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of NeurologyDuke University Medical Center, Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Emily Jane Gallagher
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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AntagomiR-613 protects neuronal cells from oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation via increasing SphK2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:188-194. [PMID: 28916166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)/re-oxygenation (OGDR) causes damages to neuronal cells. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) expression could exert neuroprotective functions. Here, we aim to induce SphK2 expression via inhibiting the anti-SphK2 microRNA: microRNA-613 ("miR-613"). In both SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and primary murine hippocampal neurons, transfection of the miR-613's specific inhibitor, antagomiR-613 ("antamiR-613"), induced miR-613 depletion and SphK2 expression. Reversely, forced over-expression of miR-613 caused SphK2 downregulation in SH-SY5Y cells. OGDR-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells was largely attenuated by antamiR-613. SphK2 is required for antamiR-613-induced actions in neuronal cells. SphK2 knockdown (by targeted-shRNAs) or inhibition (by its inhibitor ABC294640) almost completely abolished antamiR-613-mediated neuroprotection against OGDR. Further studies showed that OGDR-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damages in SH-SY5Y cells were largely attenuated by antamiR-613, but were intensified by miR-613 expression. Taken together, we conclude that antamiR-613 protects neuronal cells from OGDR probably via inducing SphK2 expression.
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Mohan ML, Chatterjee A, Ganapathy S, Mukherjee S, Srikanthan S, Jolly GP, Anand RS, Naga Prasad SV. Noncanonical regulation of insulin-mediated ERK activation by phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3112-3122. [PMID: 28877982 PMCID: PMC5662266 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, Class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kγ) plays a role in ERK activation following G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. Here we show that PI3Kγ noncanonically regulates ERK phosphorylation in a kinase-independent mechanism, irrespective of the upstream signals. PI3Kγ sequesters PP2A, allowing sustained ERK function. Classically Class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kγ) plays a role in extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activation following G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. Knock-down of PI3Kγ unexpectedly resulted in loss of ERK activation to receptor tyrosine kinase agonists such as epidermal growth factor or insulin. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or primary adult cardiac fibroblasts isolated from PI3Kγ knock-out mice (PI3KγKO) showed decreased insulin-stimulated ERK activation. However, expression of kinase-dead PI3Kγ resulted in rescue of insulin-stimulated ERK activation. Mechanistically, PI3Kγ sequesters protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), disrupting ERK–PP2A interaction, as evidenced by increased ERK–PP2A interaction and associated PP2A activity in PI3KγKO MEFs, resulting in decreased ERK activation. Furthermore, β-blocker carvedilol-mediated β-arrestin-dependent ERK activation is significantly reduced in PI3KγKO MEF, suggesting accelerated dephosphorylation. Thus, instead of classically mediating the kinase arm, PI3Kγ inhibits PP2A by scaffolding and sequestering, playing a key parallel synergistic step in sustaining the function of ERK, a nodal enzyme in multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maradumane L Mohan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Arunachal Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Swetha Ganapathy
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sromona Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sowmya Srikanthan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - George P Jolly
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Rohit S Anand
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Xu D, Zhu H, Wang C, Zhu X, Liu G, Chen C, Cui Z. microRNA-455 targets cullin 3 to activate Nrf2 signaling and protect human osteoblasts from hydrogen peroxide. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59225-59234. [PMID: 28938631 PMCID: PMC5601727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) will lead to human osteoblast dysfunction and apoptosis, causing progression of osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a well-characterized anti-oxidant signaling. Cullin 3 (Cul3) ubiquitin E3 ligase dictates Nrf2 degradation. We demonstrate that microRNA-455 ("miR-455") is a putative Cul3-targeting microRNA. Forced-expression of miR-455 in both hFOB1. 19 osteoblast cell line and primary human osteoblasts induced Cul3 degradation and Nrf2 protein stabilization, which led to subsequent transcription of ARE (anti-oxidant response element)-dependent genes (NQO1, HO1 and GCLC). Cul3 silencing, by expressing miR-455 or targeted-shRNA, protected human osteoblasts from H2O2. Reversely, miR-455 anti-sense caused Cul3 accumulation and Nrf2 degradation, which exacerbated H2O2 damages in hFOB1. 19 cells. Moreover, forced over-expression of Cul3 in hFOB1. 19 cells silenced Nrf2 and sensitized H2O2. Together, we propose that miR-455 activated Nrf2 signaling and protected human osteoblasts from oxidative stress possibly via targeting Cul3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinhui Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Genxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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