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Hann CT, Ramage SF, Negi H, Bequette CJ, Vasquez PA, Stratmann JW. Dephosphorylation of the MAP kinases MPK6 and MPK3 fine-tunes responses to wounding and herbivory in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2024; 339:111962. [PMID: 38103696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis MAP Kinases (MAPKs) MPK6 and MPK3 and orthologs in other plants function as major stress signaling hubs. MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation and are negatively regulated by MAPK-inactivating phosphatases (MIPPs), which alter the intensity and duration of MAPK signaling via dephosphorylation. Unlike in other plant species, jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation in Arabidopsis is apparently not MPK6- and MPK3-dependent, so their role in JA-mediated defenses against herbivorous insects is unclear. Here we explore whether changes in MPK6/3 phosphorylation kinetics in Arabidopsis MIPP mutants lead to changes in hormone synthesis and resistance against herbivores. The MIPPs MKP1, DsPTP1, PP2C5, and AP2C1 have been implicated in responses to infection, drought, and osmotic stress, which all impinge on JA-mediated defenses. In loss-of-function mutants, we found that the four MIPPs alter wound-induced MPK6/3 phosphorylation kinetics and affect the accumulation of the defense hormones JA, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid, as compared to wild type plants (Col-0). Moreover, MPK6/3 misregulation in MIPP or MAPK mutant plants resulted in slight changes in the resistance to Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera exigua larvae as compared to Col-0. Our data indicate that MPK6/3 and the four MIPPs moderately contribute to wound signaling and defense against herbivorous insects in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire T Hann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Sophia F Ramage
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Harshita Negi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Carlton J Bequette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Paula A Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Johannes W Stratmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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2
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Sousa-Lopes A, de Freitas RA, Carneiro FS, Nunes KP, Allahdadi KJ, Webb RC, Tostes RDC, Giachini FR, Lima VV. Angiotensin (1-7) Inhibits Ang II-mediated ERK1/2 Activation by Stimulating MKP-1 Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Cell Med 2020; 9:50-61. [PMID: 32832484 PMCID: PMC7422848 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) exerts profound physiological effects on blood pressure regulation and fluid homeostasis, mainly by modulating renal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), an end-product of RAS, is recognized by its cardiovascular protective properties through stimulation of the Mas receptor, including vasodilation, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive actions, and consequently, counter-regulating the well-known Ang II-elicited actions. The overall hypothesis of this study is that Ang-(1-7) inhibits Ang II-induced ERK1/2 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), via regulation of mitogen-activated protein phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) activity. Aortas from male Wistar rats were incubated with Ang-(1-7) or vehicle. Concentration-response curves to Ang II were performed in endothelium-denuded aortas, in the presence or absence of ERK1/2 (PD98059) inhibitor or Mas receptor (A-779) antagonist. Expression of proteins was assessed by western blot, and immunohistochemistry was conducted in VSMCs. Ang-(1-7) incubation decreased Ang II-induced contractile response in aortas, and this effect was not observed in the presence of PD98059 or A-779. Stimulation of VSMCs with Ang-(1-7) prevented Ang II-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but not C-Raf-activation. Furthermore, Ang II decreased MKP-1 phosphorylation in VSMCs. Interestingly, simultaneous incubation of Ang-(1-7) with Ang II favored MKP-1 phosphorylation, negatively modulating ERK1/2 activation in VSMCs. The results suggest that Ang-(1-7) counter-regulates actions evoked by Ang II overproduction, as observed in cardiovascular diseases, mainly by modulating MKP-1 activity. This evidence suggests that the role of Ang-(1-7) in MKP-1-regulation represents a target for new therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Sousa-Lopes
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Raiany Alves de Freitas
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Fernando Silva Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, United States
| | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Giachini
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
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Hinton SD. Pseudophosphatase MK-STYX: the atypical member of the MAP kinase phosphatases. FEBS J 2020; 287:4221-4231. [PMID: 32472731 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is essential for cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. Mutations within the MAPK signaling cascades are implicated in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, arthritis, obesity, and diabetes. MAPK phosphorylation is controlled by an intricate balance between MAPK kinases (enzymes that add phosphate groups) and MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) (enzymes that remove phosphate groups). MKPs are complex negative regulators of the MAPK pathway that control the amplitude and spatiotemporal regulation of MAPKs. MK-STYX (MAPK phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein) is a member of the MKP subfamily, which lacks the critical histidine and nucleophilic cysteine residues in the active site required for catalysis. MK-STYX does not influence the phosphorylation status of MAPK, but even so it adds to the complexity of signal transduction cascades as a signaling regulator. This review highlights the function of MK-STYX, providing insight into MK-STYX as a signal regulating molecule in the stress response, HDAC 6 dynamics, apoptosis, and neurite differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantá D Hinton
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
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4
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Lang R, Raffi FAM. Dual-Specificity Phosphatases in Immunity and Infection: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112710. [PMID: 31159473 PMCID: PMC6600418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase activation and phosphorylation cascades are key to initiate immune cell activation in response to recognition of antigen and sensing of microbial danger. However, for balanced and controlled immune responses, the intensity and duration of phospho-signaling has to be regulated. The dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) gene family has many members that are differentially expressed in resting and activated immune cells. Here, we review the progress made in the field of DUSP gene function in regulation of the immune system during the last decade. Studies in knockout mice have confirmed the essential functions of several DUSP-MAPK phosphatases (DUSP-MKP) in controlling inflammatory and anti-microbial immune responses and support the concept that individual DUSP-MKP shape and determine the outcome of innate immune responses due to context-dependent expression and selective inhibition of different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). In addition to the canonical DUSP-MKP, several small-size atypical DUSP proteins regulate immune cells and are therefore also reviewed here. Unexpected and complex findings in DUSP knockout mice pose new questions regarding cell type-specific and redundant functions. Another emerging question concerns the interaction of DUSP-MKP with non-MAPK binding partners and substrate proteins. Finally, the pharmacological targeting of DUSPs is desirable to modulate immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Faizal A M Raffi
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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5
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Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a chronic debilitating mental illness. Its pathophysiology at cellular and molecular levels is incompletely understood. Increasing evidence supports a pivotal role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in particular the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subclass of MAPKs, in the pathogenesis, symptomatology, and treatment of depression. In humans and various chronic animal models of depression, the ERK signaling was significantly downregulated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, two core areas implicated in depression. Inhibiting the ERK pathway in these areas caused depression-like behavior. A variety of antidepressants produced their behavioral effects in part via normalizing the downregulated ERK activity. In addition to ERK, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an immediate upstream regulator of ERK, the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor downstream to ERK, and the MAPK phosphatase (MKP) are equally vulnerable to depression. While BDNF and CREB were reduced in their activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of depressed animals, MKP activity was enhanced in parallel. Chronic antidepressant treatment readily reversed these neurochemical changes. Thus, ERK signaling in the depression-implicated brain regions was disrupted during the development of depression, which contributes to the long-lasting and transcription-dependent neuroadaptations critical for enduring depression-like behavior and the therapeutic effect of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Q Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Rm. M3-213, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Limin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Rm. M3-213, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Lee C, Wu Y, Hsueh C, Huang Y, Hsu Y, Meng M. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 reduces the replication efficiency of Bamboo mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:2319-2332. [PMID: 29806182 PMCID: PMC6638022 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are the central signaling pathways of the complicated defense network triggered by the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns to repel pathogens. The Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK phosphatase 1 (AtMKP1) negatively regulates the activation of MAPKs. Recently, the AtMKP1 homolog of Nicotiana benthamiana (NbMKP1) was found in association with the Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) replication complex. This study aimed to investigate the role of NbMKP1 in BaMV multiplication in N. benthamiana. Silencing of NbMKP1 increased accumulations of the BaMV-encoded proteins and the viral genomic RNA, although the same condition reduced the infectivity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in N. benthamiana. On the other hand, overexpression of NbMKP1 decreased the BaMV coat protein accumulation in a phosphatase activity-dependent manner in protoplasts. NbMKP1 also negatively affected the in vitro RNA polymerase activity of the BaMV replication complex. Collectively, the activity of NbMKP1 seems to reduce BaMV multiplication, inconsistent with the negatively regulatory role of MKP1 in MAPK cascades in terms of warding off fungal and bacterial invasion. In addition, silencing of NbMKP1 increased the accumulation of Foxtail mosaic virus but decreased Potato virus X. The discrepant effects exerted by NbMKP1 on different pathogens foresee the difficulty to develop plants with broad-spectrum resistance through genetically manipulating a single player in MAPK cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Yi‐Jhen Wu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Chia‐Hsin Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Yu‐Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Yau‐Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
| | - Menghsiao Meng
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC40227
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Mine A, Berens ML, Nobori T, Anver S, Fukumoto K, Winkelmüller TM, Takeda A, Becker D, Tsuda K. Pathogen exploitation of an abscisic acid- and jasmonate-inducible MAPK phosphatase and its interception by Arabidopsis immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7456-61. [PMID: 28652328 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702613114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens promote virulence by, for example, exploiting signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonate (JA). Some plants can counteract pathogen virulence by invoking a potent form of immunity called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Here, we report that ABA and JA mediate inactivation of the immune-associated MAP kinases (MAPKs), MPK3 and MPK6, in Arabidopsis thaliana ABA induced expression of genes encoding the protein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs), HAI1, HAI2, and HAI3 through ABF/AREB transcription factors. These three HAI PP2Cs interacted with MPK3 and MPK6 and were required for ABA-mediated MPK3/MPK6 inactivation and immune suppression. The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 activates ABA signaling and produces a JA-mimicking phytotoxin, coronatine (COR), that promotes virulence. We found that Pto DC3000 induces HAI1 through COR-mediated activation of MYC2, a master transcription factor in JA signaling. HAI1 dephosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6 in vitro and was necessary for COR-mediated suppression of MPK3/MPK6 activation and immunity. Intriguingly, upon ETI activation, A. thaliana plants overcame the HAI1-dependent virulence of COR by blocking JA signaling. Finally, we showed conservation of induction of HAI PP2Cs by ABA and JA in other Brassicaceae species. Taken together, these results suggest that ABA and JA signaling pathways, which are hijacked by the bacterial pathogen, converge on the HAI PP2Cs that suppress activation of the immune-associated MAPKs. Also, our data unveil interception of JA-signaling activation as a host counterstrategy against the bacterial suppression of MAPKs during ETI.
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Shubchynskyy V, Boniecka J, Schweighofer A, Simulis J, Kvederaviciute K, Stumpe M, Mauch F, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B, Boutrot F, Zipfel C, Meskiene I. Protein phosphatase AP2C1 negatively regulates basal resistance and defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:1169-1183. [PMID: 28062592 PMCID: PMC5444444 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate plant immune responses to pathogenic bacteria. However, less is known about the cell autonomous negative regulatory mechanism controlling basal plant immunity. We report the biological role of Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK phosphatase AP2C1 as a negative regulator of plant basal resistance and defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae. AP2C2, a closely related MAPK phosphatase, also negatively controls plant resistance. Loss of AP2C1 leads to enhanced pathogen-induced MAPK activities, increased callose deposition in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns or to P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, and enhanced resistance to bacterial infection with Pto. We also reveal the impact of AP2C1 on the global transcriptional reprogramming of transcription factors during Pto infection. Importantly, ap2c1 plants show salicylic acid-independent transcriptional reprogramming of several defense genes and enhanced ethylene production in response to Pto. This study pinpoints the specificity of MAPK regulation by the different MAPK phosphatases AP2C1 and MKP1, which control the same MAPK substrates, nevertheless leading to different downstream events. We suggest that precise and specific control of defined MAPKs by MAPK phosphatases during plant challenge with pathogenic bacteria can strongly influence plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Shubchynskyy
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Justyna Boniecka
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Schweighofer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Simulis
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), University of Vilnius, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kotryna Kvederaviciute
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), University of Vilnius, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Felix Mauch
- Department of Biology, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm and University of Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm and University of Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Freddy Boutrot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Irute Meskiene
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Sidonskaya E, Schweighofer A, Shubchynskyy V, Kammerhofer N, Hofmann J, Wieczorek K, Meskiene I. Plant resistance against the parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii is mediated by MPK3 and MPK6 kinases, which are controlled by the MAPK phosphatase AP2C1 in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:107-18. [PMID: 26438412 PMCID: PMC4682428 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes infect plants and form highly sophisticated feeding sites in roots. It is not known which plant cell signalling mechanisms trigger plant defence during the early stages of nematode parasitism. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are central components of protein phosphorylation cascades transducing extracellular signals to plant defence responses. MAPK phosphatases control kinase activities and the signalling outcome. The involvement and the role of MPK3 and MPK6, as well as the MAPK phosphatase AP2C1, is demonstrated during parasitism of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis. Our data reveal notable activation patterns of plant MAPKs and the induction of AP2C1 suggesting the attenuation of defence signalling in plant cells during early nematode infection. It is demonstrated that the ap2c1 mutant that is lacking AP2C1 is more attractive but less susceptible to nematodes compared with the AP2C1-overexpressing line. This implies that the function of AP2C1 is a negative regulator of nematode-induced defence. By contrast, the enhanced susceptibility of mpk3 and mpk6 plants indicates a positive role of stress-activated MAPKs in plant immunity against nematodes. Evidence is provided that phosphatase AP2C1, as well as AP2C1-targeted MPK3 and MPK6, are important regulators of plant-nematode interaction, where the co-ordinated action of these signalling components ensures the timely activation of plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sidonskaya
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - Alois Schweighofer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories of the University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Graiciuno 8, LT-02242 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Volodymyr Shubchynskyy
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories of the University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kammerhofer
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - Julia Hofmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - Irute Meskiene
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories of the University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Graiciuno 8, LT-02242 Vilnius, Lithuania Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways play a key role in orchestrating the eukaryotic cellular response to different stimuli. In this process, phosphorylation of both conserved threonine and tyrosine residues of MAPKs is essential for their activation. Identification of tyrosine and dual specificity protein phosphatases capable of dephosphorylating these phosphosites is thus critical to gain insight into their regulation. Due to the conservation of pivotal elements in eukaryotic signaling, yeast has turned into a valuable tool to increase the knowledge of MAPK signaling in other cell types. Here we describe an in vivo method to evaluate the capacity of a protein, from yeast or other origin, to act as a MAPK phosphatase. It relies on the ability of the phosphatase to reduce, when overexpressed, both the amount of activated MAPK and the transcription from a specific promoter regulated by the corresponding pathway. To this end, the pathway has to be previously activated, preferentially through overexpression of a hyperactive allele of an upstream component within the MAPK module. Additionally, the ability of an overexpressed "trapping" inactive phosphatase version to modify these readouts is also analyzed. Western blotting analysis with specific anti-phospho MAPK antibodies and flow cytometry-based determination of fluorescence produced by GFP whose expression is driven by MAPK-regulated promoters are the selected techniques for monitoring these readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Sacristán-Reviriego
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Humberto Martín
- Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Zhang Y, Nguyen T, Tang P, Kennedy NJ, Jiao H, Zhang M, Reynolds JM, Jaeschke A, Martin-Orozco N, Chung Y, He WM, Wang C, Jia W, Ge B, Davis RJ, Flavell RA, Dong C. Regulation of Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by MAPK Phosphatase 5. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14875-83. [PMID: 25922079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.660969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes have become a major threat to public health globally. The mechanisms that lead to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes have not been well understood. In this study, we show that mice deficient in MAPK phosphatase 5 (MKP5) develop insulin resistance spontaneously at an early stage of life and glucose intolerance at a later age. Increased macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue of young MKP5-deficient mice correlates with the development of insulin resistance. Glucose intolerance in MKP5-deficient mice is accompanied by significantly increased visceral adipose weight, reduced AKT activation, enhanced p38 activity, and increased inflammation in visceral adipose tissue when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Deficiency of MKP5 resulted in increased inflammatory activation in macrophages. These findings thus demonstrate that MKP5 critically controls inflammation in white adipose tissue and the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- From the Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, the Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Thang Nguyen
- the Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Peng Tang
- From the Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, the Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Norman J Kennedy
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts 01606
| | - Huipeng Jiao
- From the Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, the Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Joseph M Reynolds
- the Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Anja Jaeschke
- the Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45215
| | | | - Yeonseok Chung
- the Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Wei-min He
- the Center for Environmental and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Chen Wang
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- the Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Roger J Davis
- the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts 01606
| | - Richard A Flavell
- the Department of Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, and
| | - Chen Dong
- the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Topolska-Woś AM, Shell SM, Kilańczyk E, Szczepanowski RH, Chazin WJ, Filipek A. Dimerization and phosphatase activity of calcyclin-binding protein/Siah-1 interacting protein: the influence of oxidative stress. FASEB J 2015; 29:1711-24. [PMID: 25609429 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CacyBP/SIP [calcyclin-binding protein/Siah-1 [seven in absentia homolog 1 (Siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1)] interacting protein] is a multifunctional protein whose activity includes acting as an ERK1/2 phosphatase. We analyzed dimerization of mouse CacyBP/SIP in vitro and in mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NB2a) cells, as well as the structure of a full-length protein. Moreover, we searched for the CacyBP/SIP domain important for dimerization and dephosphorylation of ERK2, and we analyzed the role of dimerization in ERK1/2 signaling in NB2a cells. Cell-based assays showed that CacyBP/SIP forms a homodimer in NB2a cell lysate, and biophysical methods demonstrated that CacyBP/SIP forms a stable dimer in vitro. Data obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering supported a model in which CacyBP/SIP occupies an anti-parallel orientation mediated by the N-terminal dimerization domain. Site-directed mutagenesis established that the N-terminal domain is indispensable for full phosphatase activity of CacyBP/SIP. We also demonstrated that the oligomerization state of CacyBP/SIP as well as the level of post-translational modifications and subcellular distribution of CacyBP/SIP change after activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in NB2a cells due to oxidative stress. Together, our results suggest that dimerization is important for controlling phosphatase activity of CacyBP/SIP and for regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Topolska-Woś
- *Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Steven M Shell
- *Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kilańczyk
- *Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman H Szczepanowski
- *Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Walter J Chazin
- *Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filipek
- *Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Valerio MS, Herbert BA, Griffin AC, Wan Z, Hill EG, Kirkwood KL. MKP-1 signaling events are required for early osteoclastogenesis in lineage defined progenitor populations by disrupting RANKL-induced NFATc1 nuclear translocation. Bone 2014; 60:16-25. [PMID: 24269279 PMCID: PMC3945035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-directed osteoclastogenesis is initiated in response to macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) to drive formation of osteoclasts (OC), large bone resorptive cells of hematopoietic origin. RANKL-induced signaling activates the MAPK pathways, which initiates nuclear translocation of the master regulator of osteoclast formation, transcription factor NFATc1. Proper control over these signaling events is essential to normal OC formation response to stimuli. MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), a serine and tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the gene Dusp1, functions to dephosphorylate and subsequently inactivate MAPK (p38 and JNK) signaling essential in osteoclastogenesis. Here, we explored the role of MKP-1 during RANKL-driven osteoclastogenesis from defined (B220/CD45(-)GR1(-)CD11b(lo/-)CD115(+)) OC progenitor (dOCP) populations using WT and Dusp1(-/-) global knockout mice. Sorted cells were driven to OC by M-CSF pre-treatment followed by RANKL stimulation for 3days. OC formation and qPCR products were analyzed for maturation. Results indicate that Dusp1(-/-) dOCP form less numerous, significantly smaller and less functional OC compared to WT controls. These data were corroborated by mRNA expression of the key OC genes, Nfatc1 and Tm7sf4 (DC-STAMP), which were significantly reduced in early osteoclastogenesis in OC progenitor from Dusp1(-/-) mice. Intriguingly, our data reveals that MKP-1 may positively control OC formation in response to RANKL by regulating NFATc1 nuclear translocation. Collectively, this report supports the idea that MKP-1 signaling is essential in early osteoclastogenesis in response to RANKL-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Valerio
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bethany A Herbert
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alfred C Griffin
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhuang Wan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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14
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Hyeon S, Lee H, Yang Y, Jeong W. Nrf2 deficiency induces oxidative stress and promotes RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:789-799. [PMID: 23954472 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that regulates the expression of a variety of antioxidant and detoxification genes through an antioxidant-response element. Nrf2 has been shown to protect several types of cells against the acute and chronic injury that accompanies oxidative stress, but its role in osteoclasts remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in osteoclast (OC) differentiation, a process in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and then participate, using Nrf2-knockout mice. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced OC differentiation, actin ring formation, and osteoclastic bone resorption were substantially promoted in Nrf2-deficient OC precursor cells compared to wild-type cells. Under both unstimulated and RANKL-stimulated conditions, Nrf2 loss led to an increase in the intracellular ROS level and the oxidized-to-reduced glutathione ratio and a defect in the production of numerous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. Moreover, pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine or diphenyleneiodonium significantly reduced the OC differentiation and decreased the intracellular ROS level in both Nrf2-deficient and wild-type cells. Pretreatment with sulforaphane and curcumin also inhibited the OC differentiation by activating Nrf2 in part. Nrf2 deficiency promoted the RANKL-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38; the induction of c-Fos; and the consequent induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1, a pivotal determinant of OC differentiation. Our results suggest that Nrf2 probably inhibits RANKL-induced OC differentiation by regulating the cellular redox status by controlling the expression of oxidative response genes, findings that might form the basis of a new strategy for treating inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungha Hyeon
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yoohee Yang
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Woojin Jeong
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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15
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Gorostizaga A, Mori Sequeiros García MM, Acquier A, Gomez NV, Maloberti PM, Mendez CF, Paz C. Modulation of albumin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in renal proximal tubule cells by upregulation of mapk phosphatase-1. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:47-54. [PMID: 23994741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High amounts of albumin in urine cause tubulointerstitial damage that leads to a rapid deterioration of the renal function. Albumin exerts its injurious effects on renal cells through a process named endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. In addition, albumin promotes phosphorylation and consequent activation of MAPKs such as ERK1/2. Since ERK1/2 activation promoted by albumin is a transient event, the aims of the present work were to identify the phosphatase involved in their dephosphorylation in albumin-exposed cells and to analyze the putative regulation of this phosphatase by albumin. We also sought to determine the role played by the phospho/dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the cellular response to albumin-induced ER stress. MAP kinase phosphatase-1, MKP-1, is a nuclear enzyme involved in rapid MAPK dephosphorylation. Here we present evidence supporting the notion that this phosphatase is responsible for ERK1/2 dephosphorylation after albumin exposure in OK cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that exposure of OK cells to albumin transiently increases MKP-1 protein levels. The increase was evident after 15 min of exposure, peaked at 1 h (6-fold) and declined thereafter. In cells overexpressing flag-MKP-1, albumin caused the accumulation of this chimera, promoting MKP-1 stabilization by a posttranslational mechanism. Albumin also promoted a transient increase in MKP-1 mRNA levels (3-fold at 1 h) through the activation of gene transcription. In addition, we also show that albumin increased mRNA levels of GRP78, a key marker of ER stress, through an ERK-dependent pathway. In line with this finding, our studies demonstrate that flag-MKP-1 overexpression blunted albumin-induced GRP78 upregulation. Thus, our work demonstrates that albumin overload not only triggers MAPK activation but also tightly upregulates MKP-1 expression, which might modulate ER stress response to albumin overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gorostizaga
- Laboratory of Phosphatases in Signal Transduction, Institute for Biomedical Research (INBIOMED), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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