1
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Auer F, Guttman A. In Migratio Noncovalent Fluorophore Labeling of Proteins by Propidium Iodide in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Capillary Gel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10969-10977. [PMID: 38938066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate capillary gel electrophoresis is one of the frequently used methods for size-based protein separation in molecular biology laboratories and the biopharmaceutical industry. To increase throughput, quite a few multicapillary electrophoresis systems have been recently developed, but most of them only support fluorescence detection, requiring fluorophore labeling of the sample proteins. To avoid the time-consuming derivatization reaction, we developed an on-column labeling approach utilizing propidium iodide for the first time in SDS-CGE of proteins, a dye only used before for nucleic acid analysis. As a key ingredient of the gel-buffer system, the oppositely migrating positively charged propidium ligand in migratio complexes with the SDS-proteins, therefore, supports in situ labeling during the electrophoretic separation process, not requiring any extra pre- or postcolumn derivatization step. A theoretical treatment is given to shed light on the basic principles of this novel online labeling process, also addressing the influence of propidium iodide on the electroosmotic flow, resulting in reduced retardation. The concept of propidium labeling in SDS-CGE was first demonstrated using a commercially available protein sizing ladder ranging from 6.5 to 200 kDa with different isoelectric points and post-translational modifications. Considering the increasing number of protein therapeutics on the market next, we focused on the labeling optimization of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody and its subunits, including the addition of the nonglycosylated heavy chain. Peak efficiency and resolution were compared between noncovalent and covalent labeling. The effect of ligand concentration on the effective and apparent electrophoretic mobility, the resulting peak area, and the resolution were all evaluated in view of the theoretical considerations. The best detection sensitivity for the intact monoclonal antibody was obtained by using 200 μg/mL propidium iodide in the separation medium (LOD 2 μg/mL, 1.35 × 10-8 M) with excellent detection linearity over 3 orders of magnitude. On the other hand, the resolution between the biopharmaceutical protein test mixture components containing the intact and subunit fragments of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody was very good in the ligand concentration range of 50-200 μg/mL, but using the local maximum at 100 μg/mL for the nonglycosylated/glycosylated heavy chain pair is recommended. The figures of merit, including precision, sensitivity, detection linear range, and resolution for a sample mixture in hand, can be optimized by varying the propidium iodide concentration in the gel-buffer system, as demonstrated in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Auer
- Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
| | - Andras Guttman
- Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem 8200, Hungary
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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2
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Bhimwal R, Rustandi RR, Payne A, Dawod M. Recent advances in capillary gel electrophoresis for the analysis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Font G, Walet-Balieu ML, Petit M, Burel C, Maho-Vaillant M, Hébert V, Chan P, Fréret M, Boyer O, Joly P, Calbo S, Bardor M, Golinski ML. IgG N-Glycosylation from Patients with Pemphigus Treated with Rituximab. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081774. [PMID: 35892674 PMCID: PMC9330150 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is a life-threatening auto-immune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membrane that is caused by the production of auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) directed against adhesion proteins: desmoglein 1 and 3. We demonstrated in the “Ritux3” trial, the high efficacy of rituximab, an anti-CD20 recombinant monoclonal antibody, as the first-line treatment for pemphigus. However, 25% of patients relapsed during the six-month period after rituximab treatment. These early relapses were associated with a lower decrease in anti-desmoglein auto-Abs after the initial cycle of rituximab. The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) can affect their affinity for Fc receptors and their serum half-life. We hypothesized that the extended half-life of Abs could be related to modifications of IgG N-glycans. The IgG N-glycome from pemphigus patients and its evolution under rituximab treatment were analyzed. Pemphigus patients presented a different IgG N-glycome than healthy donors, with less galactosylated, sialylated N-glycans, as well as a lower level of N-glycans bearing an additional N-acetylglucosamine. IgG N-glycome from patients who achieved clinical remission was not different to the one observed at baseline. Moreover, our study did not identify the N-glycans profile as discriminating between relapsing and non-relapsing patients. We report that pemphigus patients present a specific IgG N-glycome. The changes observed in these patients could be a biomarker of autoimmunity susceptibility rather than a sign of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Font
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, CHU Rouen, Department of Dermatology, F-76000 Rouen, France; (G.F.); (M.M.-V.); (V.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.-L.W.-B.); (C.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marie Petit
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Carole Burel
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.-L.W.-B.); (C.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Maud Maho-Vaillant
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, CHU Rouen, Department of Dermatology, F-76000 Rouen, France; (G.F.); (M.M.-V.); (V.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Vivien Hébert
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, CHU Rouen, Department of Dermatology, F-76000 Rouen, France; (G.F.); (M.M.-V.); (V.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Philippe Chan
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM US 51, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacLeS-PISSARO, Normandie Université, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Manuel Fréret
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, CHU Rouen, Department of Rhumatology, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, CHU Rouen, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Pascal Joly
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, CHU Rouen, Department of Dermatology, F-76000 Rouen, France; (G.F.); (M.M.-V.); (V.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Sébastien Calbo
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.-L.W.-B.); (C.B.); (M.B.)
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Laure Golinski
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1234, CHU Rouen, Department of Dermatology, F-76000 Rouen, France; (G.F.); (M.M.-V.); (V.H.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-35-14-83-49
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4
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Leite-Gomes E, Dias AM, Azevedo CM, Santos-Pereira B, Magalhães M, Garrido M, Amorim R, Lago P, Marcos-Pinto R, Pinho SS. Bringing to Light the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mucosal Glycosylation as a Key Player. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:947-962. [PMID: 34849933 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer is a major complication of inflammatory bowel disease remaining an important clinical challenge in terms of diagnosis, screening, and prognosis. Inflammation is a driving factor both in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer, but the mechanism underlying the transition from colon inflammation to cancer remains to be defined. Dysregulation of mucosal glycosylation has been described as a key regulatory mechanism associated both with colon inflammation and colorectal cancer development. In this review, we discuss the major molecular mechanisms of colitis-associated cancer pathogenesis, highlighting the role of glycans expressed at gut epithelial cells, at lamina propria T cells, and in serum proteins in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and its progression to colon cancer, further discussing its potential clinical and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Leite-Gomes
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Dias
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Azevedo
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos-Pereira
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Magalhães
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Garrido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Amorim
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Pediatrics Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Lago
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marcos-Pinto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Alves I, Fernandes Â, Santos-Pereira B, Azevedo CM, Pinho SS. Glycans as a key factor in self and non-self discrimination: Impact on the breach of immune tolerance. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1485-1502. [PMID: 35383918 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are carbohydrates that are made by all organisms and covalently conjugated to other biomolecules. Glycans cover the surface of both human cells and pathogens and are fundamental to defining the identity of a cell or an organism, thereby contributing to discriminating self from non-self. As such, glycans are a class of "Self-Associated Molecular Patterns" that can fine-tune host inflammatory processes. In fact, glycans can be sensed and recognized by a variety of glycan-binding proteins (GBP) expressed by immune cells, such as galectins, siglecs and C-type lectins, which recognize changes in the cellular glycosylation, instructing both pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. In this review, we introduce glycans as cell-identification structures, discussing how glycans modulate host-pathogen interactions and how they can fine-tune inflammatory processes associated with infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. Finally, from the clinical standpoint, we discuss how glycoscience research can benefit life sciences and clinical medicine by providing a source of valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Alves
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos-Pereira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Azevedo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
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6
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Yu X, Wang W. A Rapidly Aging World in the 21st Century: Hopes from Glycomics and Unraveling the Biomarkers of Aging with the Sugar Code. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:242-248. [PMID: 33794663 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A global rise in life expectancy comes with an increased burden of serious life-long health issues and the need for useful real-time measures of the aging processes. Studies have shown the value of biochemical signatures of immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation as clinically relevant biomarkers to differentiate healthy from accelerated aging. Most human biological processes rely on glycosylation of proteins to regulate their function, but these events appear sensitive to environmental changes, age, and the presence of disease. Specifically, variations in N-glycosylation of IgG can adversely affect inflammatory pathways underpinning unhealthy aging and chronic disease pathogenesis. This expert review highlights the discrepancies between an organism's age in years of life (chronological age) versus age in terms of health status (biological age). The article examines and synthesizes the studies on IgG N-glycan profiles and the third alphabet of life, the sugar code, in relation to their relevance as dynamic indicators of aging, and to differentiate between normal and accelerated aging. The levels of N-glycan structures change with aging, suggesting that monitoring the alterations of serum glycan biosignatures with glycomics might allow real-time studies of human aging in the near future. Glycomics brings in yet another systems science technology platform to strengthen the emerging multiomics studies of aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yu
- Department of Infection Control, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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7
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Filep C, Guttman A. Effect of the Monomer Cross-Linker Ratio on the Separation Selectivity of Monoclonal Antibody Subunits in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Capillary Gel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3535-3541. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Csenge Filep
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - András Guttman
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem u, Veszprem H-8200, Hungary
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8
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Petrović T, Trbojević-Akmačić I. Lectin and Liquid Chromatography-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:29-72. [PMID: 34687007 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) glycosylation has been shown to dramatically affect its structure and effector functions. Ig glycosylation changes have been associated with different diseases and show a promising biomarker potential for diagnosis and prognosis of disease advancement. On the other hand, therapeutic biomolecules based on structural and functional features of Igs demand stringent quality control during the production process to ensure their safety and efficacy. Liquid chromatography (LC) and lectin-based methods are routinely used in Ig glycosylation analysis complementary to other analytical methods, e.g., mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. This chapter covers analytical approaches based on LC and lectins used in low- and high-throughput N- and O-glycosylation analysis of Igs, with the focus on immunoglobulin G (IgG) applications. General principles and practical examples of the most often used LC methods for Ig purification are described, together with typical workflows for N- and O-glycan analysis on the level of free glycans, glycopeptides, subunits, or intact Igs. Lectin chromatography is a historical approach for the analysis of lectin-carbohydrate interactions and glycoprotein purification but is still being used as a valuable tool in Igs purification and glycan analysis. On the other hand, lectin microarrays have found their application in the rapid screening of glycan profiles on intact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Petrović
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Petrović T, Lauc G, Trbojević-Akmačić I. The Importance of Glycosylation in COVID-19 Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:239-264. [PMID: 34495539 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently one of the major health problems worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 survival and virulence are shown to be impacted by glycans, covalently attached to proteins in a process of glycosylation, making glycans an area of interest in SARS-CoV-2 biology and COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 uses its highly glycosylated spike (S) glycoproteins to bind to the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) glycoprotein and facilitate host cell entry. Viral glycosylation has wide-ranging roles in viral pathobiology, including mediating protein folding and stability, immune evasion, host receptor attachment, and cell entry. Modification of SARS-CoV-2 envelope membrane with glycans is important in host immune recognition and interaction between S and ACE2 glycoproteins. On the other hand, immunoglobulin G, a key molecule in immune response, shows a distinct glycosylation profile in COVID-19 infection and with increased disease severity. Hence, further studies on the role of glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 infection are needed for its successful prevention and treatment. This chapter focuses on recent findings on the importance of glycosylation in COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Petrović
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Markert S, Torkler S, Hohmann K, Popp O. Traces matter: Targeted optimization of monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation based on/by implementing automated high-throughput trace element screening. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3042. [PMID: 32583628 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of high-throughput systems in cell culture process optimization offers various opportunities in biopharmaceutical process development. Here we describe the potential for acceleration and enhancement of product quality optimization and de novo bioprocess design regarding monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation by using an iterative statistical Design of Experiments (DoE) strategy based on our automated microtiter plate-based system for suspension cell culture. In our example, the combination of an initial screening of trace metal building blocks with a comprehensive DoE-based screening of 13 different trace elemental ions at three concentration levels in one run revealed most effective levers for N-glycan processing and biomass formation. Obtained results served to evaluate optimal concentration ranges and the right supplementation timing of relevant trace elements at shake flask and 2 L bioreactor scale. This setup identified manganese, copper, zinc, and iron as major factors. Manganese and copper acted as inverse key players in N-glycosylation, showing a positive effect of manganese and a negative effect of copper on glycan maturation in a zinc-dependent manner. Zinc and iron similarly improved cell growth and biomass formation. These findings allowed determining optimal concentration ranges for all four trace elements to establish control on desired product quality attributes regarding premature afucosylated and mature galactosylated glycan species. Our results demonstrates the power of combining robotics with DoE screening to enhance product quality optimization and to improve process understanding, thus, enabling targeted product quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Markert
- Pharmaceutical Biotech Production and Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Pharmaceutical Biotech Production and Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Torkler
- Cell Culture Research, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Cell Culture Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, pRED, LMR, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hohmann
- Cell Culture Research, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Cell Culture Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, pRED, LMR, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Cell Culture Research, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Cell Culture Research, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, pRED, LMR, Penzberg, Germany
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11
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Hahm YH, Lee JY, Ahn YH. Investigation of Site-Specific Differences in Glycan Microheterogeneity by N-Glycopeptide Mapping of VEGFR-IgG Fusion Protein. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213924. [PMID: 31671706 PMCID: PMC6864772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A biosimilar fusion protein VEGFR-IgG consisting of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2) and the Fc portion of human IgG1 was prepared for this study. The prepared fusion protein was expected to possess a total of five N-linked glycosylation sites: two sites in the VEGFR-1 region, two sites in the VEGFR-2 region, and one site in the human IgG Fc region. For site-specific glycan analysis, the fusion protein was hydrolyzed with trypsin, and the resulting tryptic digests were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). The expected N-linked glycosylation sites were successfully identified and site-specific glycopeptide mapping was completed by Integrated GlycoProteome Analyzer (I-GPA) for the resulting raw tandem mass data. Finally, it was clearly confirmed that N-linked glycans for each glycosylation site showed significantly different patterns in microheterogeneity, which may indicate certain functions for each glycosylation site in the protein. Based on the mapping results, the unique features in glycan microheterogeneity for the five glycosylation sites of VEGFR-IgG fusion protein were compared site-specifically and further discussed to understand the functional meaning of each glycosylation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Biomedical Omics Research Group, Cheongju 28119, Korea.
| | - Yeong Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Korea.
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12
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Mastrangeli R, Palinsky W, Bierau H. Glycoengineered antibodies: towards the next-generation of immunotherapeutics. Glycobiology 2019; 29:199-210. [PMID: 30289453 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently the largest and fastest growing class of biopharmaceuticals, and they address unmet medical needs, e.g., in oncology and in auto-immune diseases. Their clinical efficacy and safety is significantly affected by the structure and composition of their glycosylation profile which is commonly heterogeneous, heavily dependent on the manufacturing process, and thus susceptible to variations in the cell culture conditions. Glycosylation is therefore considered a critical quality attribute for mAbs. Commonly, in currently marketed therapeutic mAbs, the glycosylation profile is suboptimal in terms of biological properties such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity or may give rise to safety concerns due to the presence of non-human glycans. This article will review recent innovative developments in chemo-enzymatic glycoengineering, which allow generating mAbs carrying single, well-defined, uniform Fc glycoforms, which confers the desired biological properties for the target application. This approach offers significant benefits such as enhanced Fc effector functions, improved safety profiles, higher batch-to-batch consistency, decreased risks related to immunogenicity and manufacturing process changes, and the possibility to manufacture mAbs, in an economical manner, in non-mammalian expression systems. Overall, this approach could facilitate and reduce mAb manufacturing costs which in turn would translate into tangible benefits for both patients and manufacturers. The first glycoengineered mAbs are about to enter clinical trials and it is expected that, once glycoengineering reagents are available at affordable costs, and in-line with regulatory requirements, that targeted remodeling of antibody Fc glycosylation will become an integral part in manufacturing the next-generation of immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Mastrangeli
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Via Luigi Einaudi, 11. Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
| | - Wolf Palinsky
- Biotech Development Programme, Merck Biopharma, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Zone Industrielle de l'Ouriettaz, Aubonne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Bierau
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Via Luigi Einaudi, 11. Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
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13
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Cis interaction between sialylated FcγRIIA and the αI-domain of Mac-1 limits antibody-mediated neutrophil recruitment. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5058. [PMID: 30498196 PMCID: PMC6265255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular-deposited IgG immune complexes promote neutrophil recruitment, but how this process is regulated is still unclear. Here we show that the CD18 integrin Mac-1, in its bent state, interacts with the IgG receptor FcγRIIA in cis to reduce the affinity of FcγRIIA for IgG and inhibit FcγRIIA-mediated neutrophil recruitment under flow. The Mac-1 rs1143679 lupus-risk variant reverses Mac-1 inhibition of FcγRIIA, as does a Mac-1 ligand and a mutation in Mac-1’s ligand binding αI-domain. Sialylated complex glycans on FcγRIIA interact with the αI-domain via divalent cations, and this interaction is required for FcγRIIA inhibition by Mac-1. Human neutrophils deficient in CD18 integrins exhibit augmented FcγRIIA-dependent recruitment to IgG-coated endothelium. In mice, CD18 integrins on neutrophils dampen IgG-mediated neutrophil accumulation in the kidney. In summary, cis interaction between sialylated FcγRIIA and the αI-domain of Mac-1 alters the threshold for IgG-mediated neutrophil recruitment. A disruption of this interaction may increase neutrophil influx in autoimmune diseases. Deposited immune complexes (IC) promote neutrophil recruitment, but the fine tuning of this process is still unclear. Here the authors show that the cis interaction of the IC receptor, FcγRIIA and CD18 integrin, Mac-1, on the neutrophil surface modulates neutrophil adhesion, with FcγRIIA sialylation specifically implicated in this interaction.
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Gudelj I, Lauc G, Pezer M. Immunoglobulin G glycosylation in aging and diseases. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Paryzhak S, Dumych T, Mahorivska I, Boichuk M, Bila G, Peshkova S, Nehrych T, Bilyy R. Neutrophil-released enzymes can influence composition of circulating immune complexes in multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:297-303. [PMID: 30369266 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1514390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During NET formation, the content of neutrophils granules is released into the intercellular milieu. Consisting of many proteases and ROS species, formed NETs were shown to degrade cytokines (Schauer, Nat Med, 2014); while the content of neutrophil's azurophilic granules proved to contain glycosidases, secreted upon activation (Thaysen-Andersen, JBC, 2015), and formation of autoantibodies to neutrophil beta-glucoronidase was connected with the level of anti-MPO antibodies (Ab) (Martensson, Autoimmunity, 1992). Taking into account these facts, we aimed to investigate the possibility of NET-related changes in glycan composition on circulating IgG molecules and IgG-IgM immune complexes in multiple sclerosis (MS). This autoimmune disorder still has no reliable detection markers or established ways of treatment, besides widely accepted interferon therapy, making it a particularly interesting clinical condition. By applying capture lectin-ELISA, we analysed binding of α2,6 sialyl-specific lectins SNA, PSqL, and core α1,6-fucose specific lectin AAL to circulating IgG and related complexes in five groups of MS patients: untreated (17 persons); undergoing therapy with interferon (IFN) β-1 b (15 persons), corticosteroids (methylprednisolone) (12 persons) and anti-B-cell monoclonal Ab (12 persons: Ocrelizumab, 6 persons and alemtuzumab, 6 persons). A group of 23 healthy donors served as control. Significant increase in neutrophil elastase activity, observed in the group of patients under corticosteroid treatment was also accompanied by sialyl-specific PSqL and SNA lectin binding to captured IgG molecules. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that sialic acid residues were exposed on free IgG and on circulating IgG-IgM immune complexes. Increased lectin binding was not observed for anti-myelin basic protein (one of the major autoAb in MS) Ab compared to total serum Ab. IFN therapy was accompanied by low neutrophil elastase activity and low amount of circulating immune complexes. Incubation of in vitro generated NETs with human serum revealed the digestion of high-molecular weight immune complexes with subsequent exposure of hidden glycoepitops. Obtained data indicate the potential of neutrophil-derived proteases to modify (partially degrade) circulating immune complexes leading to exposure of internal glycoepitops.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paryzhak
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - T Dumych
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - I Mahorivska
- b Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander University at Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - M Boichuk
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - G Bila
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - S Peshkova
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - T Nehrych
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
| | - R Bilyy
- a Dept. of Histology and Cytology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Pekarska str. 69,79010, Lviv , Ukraine
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16
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Szarka M, Szilasi S, Donczo B, Sarkozy D, Rajta I, Guttman A. The effect of simulated space radiation on the
N
‐glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G1. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2872-2876. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mate Szarka
- Horváth Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Szilasi
- Institute for Nuclear ResearchHungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen Hungary
| | - Boglarka Donczo
- Horváth Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Daniel Sarkozy
- Horváth Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Istvan Rajta
- Institute for Nuclear ResearchHungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen Hungary
| | - Andras Guttman
- Horváth Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute for Biomolecular and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Pannonia Veszprem Hungary
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17
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Magorivska I, Döncző B, Dumych T, Karmash A, Boichuk M, Hychka K, Mihalj M, Szabó M, Csánky E, Rech J, Guttman A, Vari SG, Bilyy R. Glycosylation of random IgG distinguishes seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:111-117. [PMID: 29733234 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1468886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The N-glycosylation of human immunoglobulins, especially IgGs, plays a critical role in determining affinity of IgGs towards their effector (pro- and anti-inflammatory) receptors. However, it is still not clear whether altered glycosylation is involved in only antibody-dependent disorders like seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or also in pathologies with similar clinical manifestations, but no specific autoantibodies like seronegative RA. The clarification of that uncertainty was the aim of the current study. Another study aim was the detection of specific glycan forms responsible for altered exposure of native glycoepitopes. We studied sera from seropositive RA (n = 15) and seronegative RA (n = 12) patients for exposure of glycans in native IgG molecules, followed by determination of specific glycans by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescent detection (CE-LIF). Aged-matched groups of normal healthy donors (NHD) and samples of intravenous immunoglobulin IgG preparations (IVIG) served as controls. There was significantly stronger binding of Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) lectins towards IgG from seropositive RA compared to seronegative RA or NHD. CE-LIF analysis revealed statistically significant increases in bisecting glycans FA2BG2 (p = .006) and FABG2S1 (p = .005) seropositive RA, accompanied by decrease of bisecting monogalactosylated glycan FA2(6)G1 (p = .074) and non-bisecting monosialylated glycan FA2(3)G1S1 (p = .055). The results suggest that seropositive RA is distinct from seronegative RA in terms of IgG glycan moieties, attributable to specific immunoglobulin molecules present in seropositive disease. These glycans were determined to be bisecting GlcNAc-bearing forms FA2BG2 and FABG2S1, and their appearance increased the availability of LCA and AAL lectin-binding sites in native IgG glycoepitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Magorivska
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - B Döncző
- b Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - T Dumych
- c Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - A Karmash
- c Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - M Boichuk
- c Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - K Hychka
- c Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - M Mihalj
- d Faculty of Medicine , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia.,e University hospital Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - M Szabó
- f Department of Pulmonology , Semmelweis Hospital , Miskolc , Hungary
| | - E Csánky
- f Department of Pulmonology , Semmelweis Hospital , Miskolc , Hungary
| | - J Rech
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - A Guttman
- b Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.,g MTA-PE Translational Glycomics Group, MUKKI , University of Pannonia , Veszprem , Hungary
| | - S G Vari
- h International Research and Innovation in Medicine Program , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - R Bilyy
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany.,d Faculty of Medicine , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
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18
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Šimurina M, de Haan N, Vučković F, Kennedy NA, Štambuk J, Falck D, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Clerc F, Razdorov G, Khon A, Latiano A, D'Incà R, Danese S, Targan S, Landers C, Dubinsky M, McGovern DPB, Annese V, Wuhrer M, Lauc G. Glycosylation of Immunoglobulin G Associates With Clinical Features of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1320-1333.e10. [PMID: 29309774 PMCID: PMC5880750 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Causes of inflammatory bowel diseases are not well understood and the most prominent forms, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are sometimes hard to distinguish. Glycosylation of IgG has been associated with CD and UC. IgG Fc-glycosylation affects IgG effector functions. We evaluated changes in IgG Fc-glycosylation associated with UC and CD, as well as with disease characteristics in different patient groups. METHODS We analyzed 3441 plasma samples obtained from 2 independent cohorts of patients with CD (874 patients from Italy and 391 from the United States) or UC (1056 from Italy and 253 from the US and healthy individuals [controls]; 427 in Italy and 440 from the United States). IgG Fc-glycosylation (tryptic glycopeptides) was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We analyzed associations between disease status (UC vs controls, CD vs controls, and UC vs CD) and glycopeptide traits, and associations between clinical characteristics and glycopeptide traits, using a logistic regression model with age and sex included as covariates. RESULTS Patients with CD or UC had lower levels of IgG galactosylation than controls. For example, the odds ratio (OR) for IgG1 galactosylation in patients with CD was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.69) and for patients with UC was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.92). Fucosylation of IgG was increased in patients with CD vs controls (for IgG1: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12-1.44), but decreased in patients with UC vs controls (for IgG23: OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63-0.82). Decreased galactosylation associated with more severe CD or UC, including the need for surgery in patients with UC vs controls (for IgG1: OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89) and in patients with CD vs controls (for IgG23: OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91). CONCLUSIONS In a retrospective analysis of plasma samples from patients with CD or UC, we associated levels of IgG Fc-glycosylation with disease (compared to controls) and its clinical features. These findings could increase our understanding of mechanisms of CD and UC pathogenesis and be used to develop diagnostics or guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Šimurina
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frano Vučković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Florent Clerc
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Genadij Razdorov
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Khon
- Division of Gastroenterology, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Humanitas University, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephan Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carol Landers
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marla Dubinsky
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vito Annese
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy; Valiant Clinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, BIOCentar, Zagreb, Croatia.
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19
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Mechanisms of disease: The human N-glycome. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1574-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Yu X, Wang Y, Kristic J, Dong J, Chu X, Ge S, Wang H, Fang H, Gao Q, Liu D, Zhao Z, Peng H, Pucic Bakovic M, Wu L, Song M, Rudan I, Campbell H, Lauc G, Wang W. Profiling IgG N-glycans as potential biomarker of chronological and biological ages: A community-based study in a Han Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4112. [PMID: 27428197 PMCID: PMC4956791 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important post-translation modifying process, glycosylation significantly affects the structure and function of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules and is essential in many steps of the inflammatory cascade. Studies have demonstrated the potential of using glycosylation features of IgG as a component of predictive biomarkers for chronological age in several European populations, whereas no study has been reported in Chinese. Herein, we report various patterns of changes in IgG glycosylation associated with age by analyzing IgG glycosylation in 701 community-based Han Chinese (244 males, 457 females; 23-68 years old). Eleven IgG glycans, including FA2B, A2G1, FA2[6]G1, FA2[3]G1, FA2[6]BG1, FA2[3]BG1, A2G2, A2BG2, FA2G2, FA2G2S1, and FA2G2S2, change considerably with age and specific combinations of these glycan features can explain 23.3% to 45.4% of the variance in chronological age in this population. This indicates that these combinations of glycan features provide more predictive information than other single markers of biological age such as telomere length. In addition, the clinical traits such as fasting plasma glucose and aspartate aminotransferase associated with biological age are strongly correlated with the combined glycan features. We conclude that IgG glycosylation appears to correlate with both chronological and biological ages, and thus its possible role in the aging process merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jing Dong
- Physical Examination Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Physical Examination Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Ge
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Fang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyao Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Peng
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycobiology Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Correspondence: Wei Wang, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Global Health and Genomics, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA 6027, Australia (e-mail: )
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Szigeti M, Lew C, Roby K, Guttman A. Fully Automated Sample Preparation for Ultrafast N-Glycosylation Analysis of Antibody Therapeutics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:281-6. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215608767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Sjögren J, Olsson F, Beck A. Rapid and improved characterization of therapeutic antibodies and antibody related products using IdeS digestion and subunit analysis. Analyst 2016; 141:3114-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody subunits LC, Fd and Fc/2, generated by IdeS digestion has been applied in analytical methodologies to characterize antibody quality attributes such as glycosylation, oxidation, deamidation, and identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre
- St Julien-en-Genevois
- France
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycobiology is an underexplored research area in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and glycans are relevant to many etiological mechanisms described in IBD. Alterations in N-glycans attached to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc fragment can affect molecular structure and immunological function. Recent genome-wide association studies reveal pleiotropy between IBD and IgG glycosylation. This study aims to explore IgG glycan changes in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS IgG glycome composition in patients with UC (n = 507), CD (n = 287), and controls (n = 320) was analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in IgG glycome composition between patients with UC or CD, compared with controls, were observed. Both UC and CD were associated with significantly decreased IgG galactosylation (digalactosylation, UC: odds ratio [OR] = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9; P = 0.01; CD: OR = 0.41; CI, 0.3-0.6; P = 1.4 × 10) and significant decrease in the proportion of sialylated structures in CD (OR = 0.46, CI, 0.3-0.6, P = 8.4 × 10). Logistic regression models incorporating measured IgG glycan traits were able to distinguish UC and CD from controls (UC: P = 2.13 × 10 and CD: P = 2.20 × 10), with receiver-operator characteristic curves demonstrating better performance of the CD model (area under curve [AUC] = 0.77) over the UC model (AUC = 0.72) (P = 0.026). The ratio of the presence to absence of bisecting GlcNAc in monogalactosylated structures was increased in patients with UC undergoing colectomy compared with no colectomy (FDR-adjusted, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The observed differences indicate significantly increased inflammatory potential of IgG in IBD. Changes in IgG glycosylation may contribute to IBD pathogenesis and could alter monoclonal antibody therapeutic efficacy. IgG glycan profiles have translational potential as IBD biomarkers.
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Theodoratou E, Campbell H, Ventham NT, Kolarich D, Pučić-Baković M, Zoldoš V, Fernandes D, Pemberton IK, Rudan I, Kennedy NA, Wuhrer M, Nimmo E, Annese V, McGovern DPB, Satsangi J, Lauc G. The role of glycosylation in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 11:588-600. [PMID: 24912389 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2014.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of genetic and immunological studies give impetus for investigating the role of glycosylation in IBD. Experimental mouse models have helped to delineate the role of glycosylation in intestinal mucins and to explore the putative pathogenic role of glycosylation in colitis. These experiments have been extended to human studies investigating the glycosylation patterns of intestinal mucins as well as levels of glycans of serum glycoproteins and expression of glycan receptors. These early human studies have generated interesting hypotheses regarding the pathogenic role of glycans in IBD, but have generally been restricted to fairly small underpowered studies. Decreased glycosylation has been observed in the intestinal mucus of patients with IBD, suggesting that a defective inner mucus layer might lead to increased bacterial contact with the epithelium, potentially triggering inflammation. In sera, decreased galactosylation of IgG has been suggested as a diagnostic marker for IBD. Advances in glycoprofiling technology make it technically feasible and affordable to perform high-throughput glycan pattern analyses and to build on previous work investigating a much wider range of glycan parameters in large numbers of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas T Ventham
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Iain K Pemberton
- IP Research Consulting SAS, 34 Rue Carnot, 93160 Noisy-le-Grand, Paris, France
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elaine Nimmo
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vito Annese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Division of Gastroenterology, AOU Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 13, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F.Widjaja Family Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Suite D4063, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Trg maršala Tita 14, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Lauc G, Krištić J, Zoldoš V. Glycans - the third revolution in evolution. Front Genet 2014; 5:145. [PMID: 24904645 PMCID: PMC4033155 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. The importance of glycosylation is evident from the fact that nearly all proteins invented after the appearance of multicellular life are composed of both polypeptide and glycan parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordan Lauc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia ; Genos Glycoscience Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia
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Ogata S, Shimizu C, Franco A, Touma R, Kanegaye JT, Choudhury BP, Naidu NN, Kanda Y, Hoang LT, Hibberd ML, Tremoulet AH, Varki A, Burns JC. Treatment response in Kawasaki disease is associated with sialylation levels of endogenous but not therapeutic intravenous immunoglobulin G. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81448. [PMID: 24324693 PMCID: PMC3855660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is highly effective in Kawasaki disease (KD), mechanisms are not understood and 10-20% of patients are treatment-resistant, manifesting a higher rate of coronary artery aneurysms. Murine models suggest that α2-6-linked sialic acid (α2-6Sia) content of IVIG is critical for suppressing inflammation. However, pro-inflammatory states also up-regulate endogenous levels of β-galactoside:α2-6 sialyltransferase-I (ST6Gal-I), the enzyme that catalyzes addition of α2-6Sias to N-glycans. We asked whether IVIG failures correlated with levels of α2-6Sia on infused IVIG or on the patient’s own endogenous IgG. Methods We quantified levels of α2-6Sia in infused IVIG and endogenous IgG from 10 IVIG-responsive and 10 resistant KD subjects using multiple approaches. Transcript levels of ST6GAL1, in patient whole blood and B cell lines were evaluated by RT-PCR. Plasma soluble (s)ST6Gal-I levels were measured by ELISA. Results There was no consistent difference in median sialylation levels of infused IVIG between groups. However, α2-6Sia levels in endogenous IgG, ST6GAL1 transcript levels, and ST6Gal-I protein in serum from IVIG-resistant KD subjects were lower than in responsive subjects at both pre-treatment and one-year time points (p <0.001, respectively). Conclusions Our data indicate sialylation levels of therapeutic IVIG are unrelated to treatment response in KD. Rather, lower sialylation of endogenous IgG and lower blood levels of ST6GALI mRNA and ST6Gal-I enzyme predict therapy resistance. These differences were stable over time, suggesting a genetic basis. Because IVIG-resistance increases risk of coronary artery aneurysms, our findings have important implications for the identification and treatment of such individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Franco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ranim Touma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John T. Kanegaye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Biswa P. Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Natasha N. Naidu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yutaka Kanda
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin California, Inc., La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Long T. Hoang
- Division of Infectious Disease 1, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin L. Hibberd
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adriana H. Tremoulet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fournier P, Schirrmacher V. Bispecific antibodies and trispecific immunocytokines for targeting the immune system against cancer: preparing for the future. BioDrugs 2013; 27:35-53. [PMID: 23329400 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-012-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal anti-tumor antibodies (mAbs) that are clinically effective usually recruit, via their constant fragment (Fc) domain, Fc receptor (FcR)-positive accessory cells of the immune system and engage these additionally against the tumor. Since T cells are FcR negative, these important cells are not getting involved. In contrast to mAbs, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) can be designed in such a way that they involve T cells. bsAbs are artificially designed molecules that bind simultaneously to two different antigens, one on the tumor cell, the other one on an immune effector cell such as CD3 on T cells. Such dual antibody constructs can cross-link tumor cells and T cells. Many such bsAb molecules at the surface of tumor cells can thus build a bridge to T cells and aggregate their CD3 molecules, thereby activating them for cytotoxic activity. BsAbs can also contain a third binding site, for instance a Fc domain or a cytokine that would bind to its respective cytokine receptor. The present review discusses the pros and cons for the use of the Fc fragment during the development of bsAbs using either cell-fusion or recombinant DNA technologies. The recombinant antibody technology allows the generation of very efficient bsAbs containing no Fc domain such as the bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE). The strong antitumor activity of these molecules makes them very interesting new cancer therapeutics. Over the last decade, we have developed another concept, namely to combine bsAbs and multivalent immunocytokines with a tumor cell vaccine. The latter are patient-derived tumor cells modified by infection with a virus. The virus-Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)-introduces, at the surface of the tumor cells, viral molecules that can serve as general anchors for the bsAbs. Our strategy aims at redirecting, in an Fc-independent fashion, activities of T cells and accessory cells against autologous tumor antigens. It creates very promising perspectives for a new generation of efficient and safe cancer therapeutics that should confer long-lasting anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Fournier
- German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Montesino R, Calvo L, Vallin A, Rudd PM, Harvey DJ, Cremata JA. Structural characterization of N-linked oligosaccharides on monoclonal antibody Nimotuzumab through process development. Biologicals 2012; 40:288-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Gornik O, Pavić T, Lauc G. Alternative glycosylation modulates function of IgG and other proteins - implications on evolution and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:1318-26. [PMID: 22183029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly all membrane and secreted proteins, as well as numerous intracellular proteins are glycosylated. However, contrary to proteins which are defined by their individual genetic templates, glycans are encoded in a complex dynamic network of hundreds of genes which participate in the complex biosynthetic pathway of protein glycosylation. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes present knowledge about the importance of alternative glycosylation of IgG and other proteins. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Numerous proteins depend on correct glycosylation for proper function. Very good example for this is the alternative glycosylation of IgG whose effector functions can be completely changed by the addition or removal of a single monosaccharide residue from its glycans. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The change in the structure of a protein requires mutations in DNA and subsequent selection in the next generation, while even slight alterations in activity or intracellular localization of one or more biosynthetic enzymes are sufficient for the creation of novel glycan structures, which can then perform new functions. Glycome composition varies significantly between individuals, which makes them slightly or even significantly different in their ability to execute specific molecular pathways with numerous implications for development and progression of various diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gornik
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
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Bilyy R, Tomin A, Mahorivska I, Shalay O, Lohinskyy V, Stoika R, Kit Y. Antibody-mediated sialidase activity in blood serum of patients with multiple myeloma. J Mol Recognit 2010; 24:576-84. [PMID: 21472809 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface sialylation is known to be tightly connected with tumorigenicity, invasiveness, metastatic potential, clearance of aged cells, while the sialylation of IgG molecules determines their anti-inflammatory properties. Four sialidases - hydrolytic enzymes responsible for cleavage of sialic residues - were described in different cellular compartments. However, sialidases activity in body fluids, and specifically in blood serum, remains poorly studied. Here, we characterize first known IgG antibodies possessing sialidase-like activity in blood serum of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Ig fractions were precipitated with ammonium sulfate (50% of saturation) from blood serum of 12 healthy donors and 14 MM patients, and screened for the presence of sialidase activity by using 4-MUNA (2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid) as substrate. High level of sialidase activity was detected in the MM patients, but not in healthy donors. Subsequent antibody purification by protein-G affinity chromatography and HPLC size exclusion chromatography at acidic conditions demonstrated that sialidase activity was attributable to IgG molecules. Sialidase activity was also specific for (Fab)(2) fragment of IgG and blocked by sialidase inhibitor DANA. Sialidase activity of IgG molecule was also confirmed by in gel assay for cleavage of sialidase substrate. Kinetic parameters of the catalysis reaction were described by Michaelis-Menten equation with K(m) = 44.4-108 µM and k(cat) = 2.7-23.1 min(-1). The action of IgG possessing sialidase-like activity towards human red blood cells resulted in a subsequent increase in their agglutination by the peanut agglutinin, that confirms their desialylation by the studied IgG. This is the first demonstration of the intrinsic sialidase activity of IgG isolated from blood serum of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Bilyy
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and immunogenicity comparability assessment strategies for monoclonal antibodies. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:509-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Chelius D, Ruf P, Gruber P, Plöscher M, Liedtke R, Gansberger E, Hess J, Wasiliu M, Lindhofer H. Structural and functional characterization of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab. MAbs 2010; 2:309-19. [PMID: 20418662 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.3.11791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Triomab family of trifunctional, bispecific antibodies that maintain an IgG-like shape are novel tumor targeting agents. These chimeras consist of two half antibodies, each with one light and one heavy chain, that originate from parental mouse IgG2a and rat IgG2b isotypes. This combination allows cost-effective biopharmaceutical manufacturing at an industrial scale since this specific mouse/rat isotype combination favors matching of corresponding antibody halves during production by means of quadroma technology. Whereas every Triomab family member is composed of an anti-CD3 rat IgG2b half antibody for T cell recognition, the antigen binding site presented by the mouse IgG2a isotype is exchangeable. Several Triomab antibodies have been generated that bind to tumor-associated antigens, e.g., EpCAM (catumaxomab), HER2/neu (ertumaxomab), CD20 (FBTA05), gangliosides GD2/GD3 (Ektomun), on appropriate tumor target cells associated with carcinomas, lymphomas or melanomas. Catumaxomab (Removab) was launched in Europe for treatment of malignant ascites in April 2009. Here, we report the structural and functional characterization of this product. Mass spectrometry revealed an intact mass of 150511 Dalton (Da) and 23717 Da, 24716 Da, 51957 Da and 52019 Da of the reduced and alkylated rat light chain, mouse light chain, rat heavy chain, mouse heavy chain chains, respectively. The observed masses were in agreement with the expected masses based on the amino acid sequence obtained from cDNA sequencing. The glycosylation profile was similar to other human IgG consisting of biantennary oligosaccharides with different numbers of terminal galactose. CD spectroscopy showed mainly beta-sheets secondary structure that is typical for IgG antibodies. Binding measurement revealed the unique trifunctional features of catumaxomab. Other analytical tools were used to evaluate characteristics of catumaxomab preparations, including the presence of isoforms and aggregates.
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Antibody-Mediated Fcγ Receptor-Based Mechanisms of HIV Inhibition: Recent Findings and New Vaccination Strategies. Viruses 2009; 1:1265-94. [PMID: 21994593 PMCID: PMC3185537 DOI: 10.3390/v1031265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS pandemic is one of the most devastating pandemics worldwide. Today, the major route of infection by HIV is sexual transmission. One of the most promising strategies for vaccination against HIV sexual infection is the development of a mucosal vaccine, which should be able to induce strong local and systemic protective immunity. It is believed that both humoral and cellular immune responses are needed for inducing a sterilizing protection against HIV. Recently, passive administration of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies in macaques infected by vaginal challenge demonstrated a crucial role of FcγRs in the protection afforded by these antibodies. This questioned about the role of innate and adaptive immune functions, including ADCC, ADCVI, phagocytosis of opsonized HIV particles and the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in the mechanism of HIV inhibition in vivo. Other monoclonal antibodies - non-neutralizing inhibitory antibodies - which recognize immunogenic epitopes, have been shown to display potent FcγRs-dependent inhibition of HIV replication in vitro. The potential role of these antibodies in protection against sexual transmission of HIV and their biological relevance for the development of an HIV vaccine therefore need to be determined. This review highlights the potential role of FcγRs-mediated innate and adaptive immune functions in the mechanism of HIV protection.
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