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Vaghasiya J, Jha A, Basu S, Bagan A, Jengsuksavat SK, Ravandi A, Pascoe CD, Halayko AJ. Neutralizing Oxidized Phosphatidylcholine Reduces Airway Inflammation and Hyperreactivity in a Murine Model of Allergic Asthma. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:627. [PMID: 39194564 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with asthma pathobiology. We reported that oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) are mediators of oxidative stress and accumulate in the lung in response to allergen challenge. The current study begins to unravel mechanisms for OxPC accumulation in the lung, providing the first insights about how OxPCs underpin allergic airway pathophysiology, and pre-clinical testing of selective neutralization of OxPCs in a murine model of allergic asthma. We hypothesized that intranasal delivery of E06, a natural IgM antibody that neutralizes the biological activity of OxPCs, can ameliorate allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Adult BALB/c mice were intranasally (i.n.) challenged with house dust mite (HDM) (25 μg/mouse, 2 weeks). Some animals also received E06 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (10 µg) i.n. 1 hr before each HDM challenge. HDM challenge reduced mRNA for anti-oxidant genes (SOD1, SOD2, HO-1, and NFE2L2) in the lung by several orders of magnitude (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, total immune cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) increased significantly (p < 0.001). E06 mAb treatment prevented allergen-induced BALF immune cell number by 43% (p < 0.01). This included a significant blockade of eosinophils (by 48%, p < 0.001), neutrophils (by 80%, p < 0.001), macrophages (by 80%, p < 0.05), and CD4 (by 30%, p < 0.05) and CD8 (by 42%, p < 0.01) lymphocytes. E06 effects correlated with a significant reduction in TNF (by 64%, p < 0.001) and IL-1β (by 75%, p < 0.05) and a trend to diminish accumulation of other cytokines (e.g., IL-4, -10, and -33, and IFN-γ). E06 mAb treatment also inhibited HDM exposure-induced increases in total respiratory resistance and small airway resistance by 24% and 26%, respectively. In conclusion, prophylactic treatment with an OxPC-neutralizing antibody significantly limits allergen-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, suggesting that OxPCs are important mediators of oxidative stress-associated allergic lung pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh Vaghasiya
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Research Hospital of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Aruni Jha
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Research Hospital of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Research Hospital of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Alaina Bagan
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Research Hospital of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Siwon K Jengsuksavat
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Research Hospital of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Research Hospital of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children's Research Hospital of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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Hashim KNB, Matsuba Y, Takahashi M, Kamano N, Tooyama I, Saido TC, Hashimoto S. Neuronal glutathione depletion elevates the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and tau aggregation in Alzheimer's disease mice. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1576-1590. [PMID: 38789405 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves reduced glutathione levels, causing oxidative stress and contributing to neuronal cell death. Our prior research identified diminished glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) as linked to cell death. However, the effect of GCLC on AD features such as amyloid and tau pathology remained unclear. To address this, we investigated amyloid pathology and tau pathology in mice by combining neuron-specific conditional GCLC knockout mice with amyloid precursor protein (App) knockin (KI) or microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) KI mice. Intriguingly, GCLC knockout resulted in an increased Aβ42/40 ratio. Additionally, GCLC deficiency in MAPT KI mice accelerated the oligomerization of tau through intermolecular disulfide bonds. These findings suggest that the decline in glutathione levels, due to aging or AD pathology, may contribute to the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairun Nisa Binti Hashim
- Pioneering Research Division, Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yukio Matsuba
- Pioneering Research Division, Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Mika Takahashi
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Naoko Kamano
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Shoko Hashimoto
- Pioneering Research Division, Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
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Lee D, Antonsdottir IM, Clark ED, Porsteinsson AP. Review of valiltramiprosate (ALZ-801) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a novel small molecule with disease modifying potential. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:791-799. [PMID: 38814590 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2360069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, functional impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Valiltramiprosate is a tramiprosate prodrug being investigated as a novel treatment for AD. AREAS COVERED The online databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the terms 'ALZ-801' or 'valiltramiprosate.' Alzheon press releases were reviewed for emerging clinical information. Valiltramiprosate is an oral, well-tolerated synthetic valine-conjugate prodrug of tramiprosate. Valiltramiprosate's active metabolite include tramiprosate and 3-sulfopropanoic acid. Proposed mechanism of action is multiligand binding to Aβ42 which stabilizes amyloid monomers to prevent peptide aggregation and oligomerization. Pharmacokinetic studies show 52% oral bioavailability, rapid absorption, approximately 40% brain-drug exposure, and near complete renal clearance. Compared to tramiprosate, valiltramiprosate extends plasma tramiprosate half-life and improves interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. Interim analyses from valiltramiprosate's phase II biomarker trial show: (1) significant reductions in plasma p-tau181 and related AD fluid biomarkers; (2) brain structure preservation and reduced hippocampal atrophy by MRI; and (3) improvements on cognitive assessments at multiple timepoints. Its phase III clinical trial in ApoE ε4 homozygotes is near completion. EXPERT OPINION Valiltramiprosate's clinical trial data show early indications of efficacy with potential disease modifying effect in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Alzheimer's Disease Care, Research and Education (AD-CARE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Inga M Antonsdottir
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bayview, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily D Clark
- Alzheimer's Disease Care, Research and Education (AD-CARE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anton P Porsteinsson
- Alzheimer's Disease Care, Research and Education (AD-CARE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Taha HB, Chawla E, Bitan G. IM-MS and ECD-MS/MS Provide Insight into Modulation of Amyloid Proteins Self-Assembly by Peptides and Small Molecules. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2066-2086. [PMID: 37607351 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative proteinopathies are characterized by formation and deposition of misfolded, aggregated proteins in the nervous system leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. It is widely believed that metastable oligomers of the offending proteins, preceding the fibrillar aggregates found in the tissue, are the proximal neurotoxins. There are currently almost no disease-modifying therapies for these diseases despite an active pipeline of preclinical development and clinical trials for over two decades, largely because studying the metastable oligomers and their interaction with potential therapeutics is notoriously difficult. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical tool for structural investigation of proteins, including protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. Specific MS tools have been useful in determining the composition and conformation of abnormal protein oligomers involved in proteinopathies and the way they interact with drug candidates. Here, we analyze critically the utilization of ion-mobility spectroscopy-MS (IM-MS) and electron-capture dissociation (ECD) MS/MS for analyzing the oligomerization and conformation of multiple amyloidogenic proteins. We also discuss IM-MS investigation of their interaction with two classes of compounds developed by our group over the last two decades: C-terminal fragments derived from the 42-residue form of amyloid β-protein (Aβ42) and molecular tweezers. Finally, we review the utilization of ECD-MS/MS for elucidating the binding sites of the ligands on multiple proteins. These approaches are readily applicable to future studies addressing similar questions and hold promise for facilitating the development of successful disease-modifying drugs against neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hash Brown Taha
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Esha Chawla
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Valgimigli L. Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Protection. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1291. [PMID: 37759691 PMCID: PMC10526874 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LP) is the most important type of oxidative-radical damage in biological systems, owing to its interplay with ferroptosis and to its role in secondary damage to other biomolecules, such as proteins. The chemistry of LP and its biological consequences are reviewed with focus on the kinetics of the various processes, which helps understand the mechanisms and efficacy of antioxidant strategies. The main types of antioxidants are discussed in terms of structure-activity rationalization, with focus on mechanism and kinetics, as well as on their potential role in modulating ferroptosis. Phenols, pyri(mi)dinols, antioxidants based on heavy chalcogens (Se and Te), diarylamines, ascorbate and others are addressed, along with the latest unconventional antioxidant strategies based on the double-sided role of the superoxide/hydroperoxyl radical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Maity D. Recent advances in the modulation of amyloid protein aggregation using the supramolecular host-guest approaches. Biophys Chem 2023; 297:107022. [PMID: 37058879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding of proteins is associated with many incurable diseases in human beings. Understanding the process of aggregation from monomers to fibrils, the characterization of all intermediate species, and the origin of toxicity is very challenging. Extensive research including computational and experimental shed some light on these tricky phenomena. Non-covalent interactions between amyloidogenic domains of proteins play a major role in their self-assembly which can be disrupted by designed chemical tools. This will lead to the development of inhibitors of detrimental amyloid formations. In supramolecular host-guest chemistry approaches, different macrocycles function as hosts for encapsulating hydrophobic guests, i.e. phenylalanine residues of proteins, in their hydrophobic cavities via non-covalent interactions. In this way, they can disrupt the interactions between adjacent amyloidogenic proteins and prevent their self-aggregation. This supramolecular approach has also emerged as a prospective tool to modify the aggregation of several amyloidogenic proteins. In this review, we discussed recent supramolecular host-guest chemistry-based strategies for the inhibition of amyloid protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Maity
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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7
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Sharp FR, DeCarli CS, Jin LW, Zhan X. White matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism, and APP/Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology: A hypothesis and review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1096206. [PMID: 36845656 PMCID: PMC9950279 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1096206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We postulate that myelin injury contributes to cholesterol release from myelin and cholesterol dysmetabolism which contributes to Abeta dysmetabolism, and combined with genetic and AD risk factors, leads to increased Abeta and amyloid plaques. Increased Abeta damages myelin to form a vicious injury cycle. Thus, white matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism and Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce or worsen AD neuropathology. The amyloid cascade is the leading hypothesis for the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The failure of clinical trials based on this hypothesis has raised other possibilities. Even with a possible new success (Lecanemab), it is not clear whether this is a cause or a result of the disease. With the discovery in 1993 that the apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE4) was the major risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD), there has been increasing interest in cholesterol in AD since APOE is a major cholesterol transporter. Recent studies show that cholesterol metabolism is intricately involved with Abeta (Aβ)/amyloid transport and metabolism, with cholesterol down-regulating the Aβ LRP1 transporter and upregulating the Aβ RAGE receptor, both of which would increase brain Aβ. Moreover, manipulating cholesterol transport and metabolism in rodent AD models can ameliorate pathology and cognitive deficits, or worsen them depending upon the manipulation. Though white matter (WM) injury has been noted in AD brain since Alzheimer's initial observations, recent studies have shown abnormal white matter in every AD brain. Moreover, there is age-related WM injury in normal individuals that occurs earlier and is worse with the APOE4 genotype. Moreover, WM injury precedes formation of plaques and tangles in human Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and precedes plaque formation in rodent AD models. Restoring WM in rodent AD models improves cognition without affecting AD pathology. Thus, we postulate that the amyloid cascade, cholesterol dysmetabolism and white matter injury interact to produce and/or worsen AD pathology. We further postulate that the primary initiating event could be related to any of the three, with age a major factor for WM injury, diet and APOE4 and other genes a factor for cholesterol dysmetabolism, and FAD and other genes for Abeta dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R. Sharp
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Hammel G, Zivkovic S, Ayazi M, Ren Y. Consequences and mechanisms of myelin debris uptake and processing by cells in the central nervous system. Cell Immunol 2022; 380:104591. [PMID: 36030093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and trauma involving changes to the neuronal myelin sheath have long been a topic of great interest. One common pathological change in these diseases is the generation of myelin debris resulting from the breakdown of the myelin sheath. Myelin debris contains many inflammatory and neurotoxic factors that inhibit remyelination and make its clearance a prerequisite for healing in CNS disorders. Many professional and semiprofessional phagocytes participate in the clearance of myelin debris in the CNS. These cells use various mechanisms for the uptake of myelin debris, and each cell type produces its own unique set of pathologic consequences resulting from the debris uptake. Examining these cells' phagocytosis of myelin debris will contribute to a more complete understanding of CNS disease pathogenesis and help us conceptualize how the necessary clearance of myelin debris must be balanced with the detrimental consequences brought about by its clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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Phyllostachys nigra Variety Henosis, a Domestic Bamboo Species, Protects PC12 Cells from Oxidative Stress-mediated Cell Injury through Nrf2 Activation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Yang Y, Tapias V, Acosta D, Xu H, Chen H, Bhawal R, Anderson ET, Ivanova E, Lin H, Sagdullaev BT, Chen J, Klein WL, Viola KL, Gandy S, Haroutunian V, Beal MF, Eliezer D, Zhang S, Gibson GE. Altered succinylation of mitochondrial proteins, APP and tau in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:159. [PMID: 35013160 PMCID: PMC8748865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in brain glucose metabolism and accumulation of abnormal protein deposits called plaques and tangles are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their relationship to disease pathogenesis and to each other remains unclear. Here we show that succinylation, a metabolism-associated post-translational protein modification (PTM), provides a potential link between abnormal metabolism and AD pathology. We quantified the lysine succinylomes and proteomes from brains of individuals with AD, and healthy controls. In AD, succinylation of multiple mitochondrial proteins declined, and succinylation of small number of cytosolic proteins increased. The largest increases occurred at critical sites of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and microtubule-associated tau. We show that in vitro, succinylation of APP disrupted its normal proteolytic processing thereby promoting Aβ accumulation and plaque formation and that succinylation of tau promoted its aggregation to tangles and impaired microtubule assembly. In transgenic mouse models of AD, elevated succinylation associated with soluble and insoluble APP derivatives and tau. These findings indicate that a metabolism-linked PTM may be associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 314001, Jiaxing, China
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
| | - Victor Tapias
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Diana Acosta
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
| | - Huanlian Chen
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Anderson
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Imaging Core, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Botir T Sagdullaev
- Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory for Visual Plasticity and Repair, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Jianer Chen
- Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 314001, Jiaxing, China
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology and Mount Sinai Center for Cognitive Health and NFL Neurological Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service and Division of Neurology, James J Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- James J Peters Veterans Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- JJ Peters VA Medical Center MIRECC, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Mount Sinai NIH Neurobiobank, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - M Flint Beal
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Eliezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA.
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11
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Demasi M, Augusto O, Bechara EJH, Bicev RN, Cerqueira FM, da Cunha FM, Denicola A, Gomes F, Miyamoto S, Netto LES, Randall LM, Stevani CV, Thomson L. Oxidative Modification of Proteins: From Damage to Catalysis, Signaling, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1016-1080. [PMID: 33726509 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The systematic investigation of oxidative modification of proteins by reactive oxygen species started in 1980. Later, it was shown that reactive nitrogen species could also modify proteins. Some protein oxidative modifications promote loss of protein function, cleavage or aggregation, and some result in proteo-toxicity and cellular homeostasis disruption. Recent Advances: Previously, protein oxidation was associated exclusively to damage. However, not all oxidative modifications are necessarily associated with damage, as with Met and Cys protein residue oxidation. In these cases, redox state changes can alter protein structure, catalytic function, and signaling processes in response to metabolic and/or environmental alterations. This review aims to integrate the present knowledge on redox modifications of proteins with their fate and role in redox signaling and human pathological conditions. Critical Issues: It is hypothesized that protein oxidation participates in the development and progression of many pathological conditions. However, no quantitative data have been correlated with specific oxidized proteins or the progression or severity of pathological conditions. Hence, the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying these modifications, their importance in human pathologies, and the fate of the modified proteins is of clinical relevance. Future Directions: We discuss new tools to cope with protein oxidation and suggest new approaches for integrating knowledge about protein oxidation and redox processes with human pathophysiological conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1016-1080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etelvino J H Bechara
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N Bicev
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Cerqueira
- CENTD, Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lía M Randall
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cassius V Stevani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorios Fisicoquímica Biológica-Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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12
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Miyamoto S, Lima RS, Inague A, Viviani LG. Electrophilic oxysterols: generation, measurement and protein modification. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:416-440. [PMID: 33494620 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1879387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian plasma membranes. Alterations in sterol metabolism or oxidation have been linked to various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Unsaturated sterols are vulnerable to oxidation induced by singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. This process yields reactive sterol oxidation products, including hydroperoxides, epoxides as well as aldehydes. These oxysterols, in particular those with high electrophilicity, can modify nucleophilic sites in biomolecules and affect many cellular functions. Here, we review the generation and measurement of reactive sterol oxidation products with emphasis on cholesterol hydroperoxides and aldehyde derivatives (electrophilic oxysterols) and their effects on protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Viviani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Ozaki M, Imai T, Tsuruoka T, Sakashita S, Tomizaki KY, Usui K. Elemental composition control of gold-titania nanocomposites by site-specific mineralization using artificial peptides and DNA. Commun Chem 2021; 4:1. [PMID: 36697560 PMCID: PMC9814042 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization, the precipitation of various inorganic compounds in biological systems, can be regulated in terms of the size, morphology, and crystal structure of these compounds by biomolecules such as proteins and peptides. However, it is difficult to construct complex inorganic nanostructures because they precipitate randomly in solution. Here, we report that the elemental composition of inorganic nanocomposites can be controlled by site-specific mineralization by changing the number of two inorganic-precipitating peptides bound to DNA. With a focus on gold and titania, we constructed a gold-titania photocatalyst that responds to visible light excitation. Both microscale and macroscale observations revealed that the elemental composition of this gold-titania nanocomposite can be controlled in several ten nm by changing the DNA length and the number of peptide binding sites on the DNA. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity and cell death induction effect under visible light (>450 nm) irradiation of the manufactured gold-titania nanocomposite was higher than that of commercial gold-titania and titania. Thus, we have succeeded in forming titania precipitates on a DNA terminus and gold precipitates site-specifically on double-stranded DNA as intended. Such nanometer-scale control of biomineralization represent a powerful and efficient tool for use in nanotechnology, electronics, ecology, medical science, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ozaki
- grid.258669.60000 0000 8565 5938Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Takahito Imai
- grid.440926.d0000 0001 0744 5780Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, 520-2194 Otsu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuruoka
- grid.258669.60000 0000 8565 5938Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shungo Sakashita
- grid.258669.60000 0000 8565 5938Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Kin-ya Tomizaki
- grid.440926.d0000 0001 0744 5780Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, 520-2194 Otsu, Japan ,grid.440926.d0000 0001 0744 5780Department of Materials Chemistry and Innovative Materials and Processing Research Center, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, 520-2194 Otsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Usui
- grid.258669.60000 0000 8565 5938Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
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14
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Dantas LS, Viviani LG, Inague A, Piccirillo E, Rezende LD, Ronsein GE, Augusto O, Medeiros MHG, Amaral ATD, Miyamoto S. Lipid aldehyde hydrophobicity affects apo-SOD1 modification and aggregation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:157-167. [PMID: 32598986 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids are oxidized by reactive oxygen species and enzymes, leading to the increased formation of lipid hydroperoxides and several electrophilic products. Lipid-derived electrophiles can modify macromolecules, such as proteins, resulting in the loss of function and/or aggregation. The accumulation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) aggregates has been associated with familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The protein aggregation mechanisms in motor neurons remain unclear, although recent studies have shown that lipids and oxidized lipid derivatives may play roles in this process. Here, we aimed to compare the effects of different lipid aldehydes on the induction of SOD1 modifications and aggregation, in vitro. Human recombinant apo-SOD1 was incubated with 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), 2-hexen-1-al (HEX), 2,4-nonadienal (NON), 2,4-decadienal (DEC), or secosterol aldehydes (SECO-A or SECO-B). High-molecular-weight apo-SOD1 aggregates dramatically increased in the presence of highly hydrophobic aldehydes (LogPcalc > 3). Notably, several Lys residues were modified by exposure to all aldehydes. The observed modifications were primarily observed on Lys residues located near the dimer interface (K3 and K9) and at the electrostatic loop (K122, K128, and K136). Moreover, HHE and HNE induced extensive apo-SOD1 modifications, by forming Schiff bases or Michael adducts with Lys, His, and Cys residues. However, these aldehydes were unable to induce large protein aggregates. Overall, our data shed light on the importance of lipid aldehyde hydrophobicity on the induction of apo-SOD1 aggregation and identified preferential sites of lipid aldehyde-induced modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Viviani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Piccirillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Rezende
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziella E Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonia T do Amaral
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Caruso G, Spampinato SF, Cardaci V, Caraci F, Sortino MA, Merlo S. β-amyloid and Oxidative Stress: Perspectives in Drug Development. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4771-4781. [PMID: 31814548 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191209115431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a slow-developing neurodegenerative disorder in which the main pathogenic role has been assigned to β-amyloid protein (Aβ) that accumulates in extracellular plaques. The mechanism of action of Aβ has been deeply analyzed and several membrane structures have been identified as potential mediators of its effect. The ability of Aβ to modify neuronal activity, receptor expression, signaling pathways, mitochondrial function, and involvement of glial cells have been analyzed. In addition, extensive literature deals with the involvement of oxidative stress in Aβ effects. Herein we focus more specifically on the reciprocal regulation of Aβ, that causes oxidative stress, that favors Aβ aggregation and toxicity and negatively affects the peptide clearance. Analysis of this strict interaction may offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Both common and new molecules endowed with antioxidant properties deserve attention in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona F Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardaci
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.,Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy.,Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria A Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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16
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Reactive Sterol Electrophiles: Mechanisms of Formation and Reactions with Proteins and Amino Acid Nucleophiles. CHEMISTRY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 2:390-417. [PMID: 35372835 PMCID: PMC8976181 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radical-mediated lipid oxidation and the formation of lipid hydroperoxides has been a focal point in the investigation of a number of human pathologies. Lipid peroxidation has long been linked to the inflammatory response and more recently, has been identified as the central tenet of the oxidative cell death mechanism known as ferroptosis. The formation of lipid electrophile-protein adducts has been associated with many of the disorders that involve perturbations of the cellular redox status, but the identities of adducted proteins and the effects of adduction on protein function are mostly unknown. Both cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), which is the immediate biosynthetic precursor to cholesterol, are oxidizable by species such as ozone and oxygen-centered free radicals. Product mixtures from radical chain processes are particularly complex, with recent studies having expanded the sets of electrophilic compounds formed. Here, we describe recent developments related to the formation of sterol-derived electrophiles and the adduction of these electrophiles to proteins. A framework for understanding sterol peroxidation mechanisms, which has significantly advanced in recent years, as well as the methods for the study of sterol electrophile-protein adduction, are presented in this review.
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17
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Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ)-related studies require an adequate supply of purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ peptides are “difficult sequences” to synthesize chemically, and low yields are common due to aggregation during purification. Here, we demonstrate an easier synthesis, deprotection, reduction, cleavage, and purification process for Aβ(1-40) using standard 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acids and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) resin [HMBA (4-hydroxymethyl benzamide) resin] that provides higher yields of Aβ(1-40) than previous standard protocols. Furthermore, purification requires a similar amount of time as conventional purification processes, although the peptide must be cleaved from the resin immediately prior to purification. The method described herein is not limited to the production of Aβ(1-40), and can be used to synthesize other easily-oxidized and aggregating sequences. Our proposed methodology will contribute to various fields using “difficult sequence” peptides, such as pharmaceutical and materials science, as well as research for the diagnosis and treatment of protein/peptide misfolding diseases.
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18
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Hadrovic I, Rebmann P, Klärner FG, Bitan G, Schrader T. Molecular Lysine Tweezers Counteract Aberrant Protein Aggregation. Front Chem 2019; 7:657. [PMID: 31632951 PMCID: PMC6779714 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular tweezers (MTs) are supramolecular host molecules equipped with two aromatic pincers linked together by a spacer (Gakh, 2018). They are endowed with fascinating properties originating from their ability to hold guests between their aromatic pincers (Chen and Whitlock, 1978; Zimmerman, 1991; Harmata, 2004). MTs are finding an increasing number of medicinal applications, e.g., as bis-intercalators for DNA such as the anticancer drug Ditercalinium (Gao et al., 1991), drug activity reverters such as the bisglycoluril tweezers Calabadion 1 (Ma et al., 2012) as well as radioimmuno detectors such as Venus flytrap clusters (Paxton et al., 1991). We recently embarked on a program to create water-soluble tweezers which selectively bind the side chains of lysine and arginine inside their cavity. This unique recognition mode is enabled by a torus-shaped, polycyclic framework, which is equipped with two hydrophilic phosphate groups. Cationic amino acid residues are bound by the synergistic effect of disperse, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions in a kinetically fast reversible process. Interactions of the same kind play a key role in numerous protein-protein interactions, as well as in pathologic protein aggregation. Therefore, these particular MTs show a high potential to disrupt such events, and indeed inhibit misfolding and self-assembly of amyloidogenic polypeptides without toxic side effects. The mini-review provides insight into the unique binding mode of MTs both toward peptides and aggregating proteins. It presents the synthesis of the lead compound CLR01 and its control, CLR03. Different biophysical experiments are explained which elucidate and help to better understand their mechanism of action. Specifically, we show how toxic aggregates of oligomeric and fibrillar protein species are dissolved and redirected to form amorphous, benign assemblies. Importantly, these new chemical tools are shown to be essentially non-toxic in vivo. Due to their reversible moderately tight binding, these agents are not protein-, but rather process-specific, which suggests a broad range of applications in protein misfolding events. Thus, MTs are highly promising candidates for disease-modifying therapy in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. This is an outstanding example in the evolution of supramolecular concepts toward biological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inesa Hadrovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Rebmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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19
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Zielinski ZAM, Pratt DA. H-Atom Abstraction vs Addition: Accounting for the Diverse Product Distribution in the Autoxidation of Cholesterol and Its Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3037-3051. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zosia A. M. Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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20
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Dantas LS, Chaves-Filho AB, Coelho FR, Genaro-Mattos TC, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Augusto O, Miyamoto S. Cholesterol secosterol aldehyde adduction and aggregation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase: Potential implications in ALS. Redox Biol 2018; 19:105-115. [PMID: 30142602 PMCID: PMC6106709 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. While the fundamental causes of the disease are still unclear, the accumulation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) immunoreactive aggregates is associated with familial ALS cases. Cholesterol 5,6-secosterol aldehydes (Seco A and Seco B) are reported to contribute to neurodegenerative disease pathology by inducing protein modification and aggregation. Here we have investigated the presence of secosterol aldehydes in ALS SOD1-G93A rats and their capacity to induce SOD1 aggregation. Secosterol aldehydes were analyzed in blood plasma, spinal cord and motor cortex of ALS rats at the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. Seco B was significantly increased in plasma of symptomatic ALS rats compared to pre-symptomatic animals, suggesting an association with disease progression. In vitro experiments showed that both Seco A and Seco B induce the formation of high molecular weight (HMW) SOD1 aggregates with amorphous morphology. SOD1 adduction to ω-alkynyl-secosterols analyzed by click assay showed that modified proteins are only detected in the HMW region, indicating that secosterol adduction generates species highly prone to aggregate. Of note, SOD1-secosterol adducts containing up to five secosterol molecules were confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis. Interestingly, mass spectrometry sequencing of SOD1 aggregates revealed preferential secosterol adduction to Lys residues located at the electrostatic loop (Lys 122, 128 and 136) and nearby the dimer interface (Lys 3 and 9). Altogether, our results show that secosterol aldehydes are increased in plasma of symptomatic ALS rats and represent a class of aldehydes that can potentially modify SOD1 enhancing its propensity to aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Cheignon C, Tomas M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Faller P, Hureau C, Collin F. Oxidative stress and the amyloid beta peptide in Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2018; 14:450-464. [PMID: 29080524 PMCID: PMC5680523 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1314] [Impact Index Per Article: 219.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. In particular, it is linked to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Histopathological hallmarks of AD are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular formation of senile plaques composed of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in aggregated form along with metal-ions such as copper, iron or zinc. Redox active metal ions, as for example copper, can catalyze the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) when bound to the amyloid-β (Aβ). The ROS thus produced, in particular the hydroxyl radical which is the most reactive one, may contribute to oxidative damage on both the Aβ peptide itself and on surrounding molecule (proteins, lipids, …). This review highlights the existing link between oxidative stress and AD, and the consequences towards the Aβ peptide and surrounding molecules in terms of oxidative damage. In addition, the implication of metal ions in AD, their interaction with the Aβ peptide and redox properties leading to ROS production are discussed, along with both in vitro and in vivo oxidation of the Aβ peptide, at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheignon
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - M Tomas
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - D Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8258 - INSERM U1022, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - P Faller
- Biometals and Biology Chemistry, Institut de Chimie (CNRS UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg, 4 rue B. Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - C Hureau
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - F Collin
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), CNRS UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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22
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Miyoshi N. Biochemical properties of cholesterol aldehyde secosterol and its derivatives. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 62:107-114. [PMID: 29610549 PMCID: PMC5874229 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of cholesterol aldehyde, 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (secosterol-A, also called 5,6-secosterol), and its aldolization product (secosterol-B) have been detected in human atherosclerotic plaques and tissues samples of brains affected by neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia suggesting that increased formation of these compounds may be associated with inflammation-related diseases. Secosterol-A and secosterol-B, and also further oxidized products seco-A-COOH and seco-B-COOH induce several pro-inflammatory activities in vitro. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that the covalent bindings of these secosterols to target proteins seem to be critical to trigger their pro-inflammatory activities. One of the molecular mechanisms of protein adduct formations is that aldehydic function of secosterol-A and secosterol-B is reactive and form Schiff bases with ε- or N-terminal amino groups of proteins. In other cases, it is recently suggested that Michael acceptor moiety formed by the dehydration of not only secosterol-A and secosterol-B but also seco-A-COOH may react with nucleophilic site on target proteins. In this review, I summarize and provide an overview of formation mechanism of secosterols in in vitro and in vivo, patho- or physiological concentrations in biological and clinical samples, and molecular mechanisms of pro-inflammatory activities of secosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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23
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Hey JA, Kocis P, Hort J, Abushakra S, Power A, Vyhnálek M, Yu JY, Tolar M. Discovery and Identification of an Endogenous Metabolite of Tramiprosate and Its Prodrug ALZ-801 that Inhibits Beta Amyloid Oligomer Formation in the Human Brain. CNS Drugs 2018; 32:849-861. [PMID: 30076539 PMCID: PMC6153967 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALZ-801 is an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of beta amyloid (Aβ) oligomer formation in clinical development for Alzheimer's disease (AD). ALZ-801 is a prodrug of tramiprosate with improved pharmacokinetic properties and gastrointestinal tolerability. During clinical studies, we discovered that the primary metabolite of tramiprosate and its prodrug ALZ-801, 3-sulfopropanoic acid (3-SPA), is an endogenous molecule in the human brain and present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and other neurodegenerative brain diseases. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this research were to (1) identify and confirm the presence of 3-SPA in CSF samples from elderly, drug-naïve patients with memory deficits; (2) quantify the levels of 3-SPA in the CSF of patients with AD from tramiprosate phase III North American (NA) trial; (3) evaluate the in vitro anti-Aβ42 oligomer activity of 3-SPA; and (4) characterize the pharmacokinetics and brain-penetration properties of 3-SPA. METHODS Lumbar CSF samples from 64 drug-naïve patients with cognitive deficits (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score range 15-30) and six patients with AD treated with tramiprosate 150 mg twice daily in the phase III trial, at week 78, were analyzed. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the structural molecular identity of endogenous 3-SPA with a 3-SPA reference standard and ion-mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry with molecular dynamics to characterize interactions of 3-SPA with Aβ42 monomers, and the resultant conformational alterations. Rat studies using oral (30 mg/kg) and intravenous (10 mg/kg) doses were conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration of 3-SPA. RESULTS We confirmed the presence of 3-SPA in the CSF of drug-naïve patients with cognitive deficits (mean concentration 11.7 ± 4.3 nM). The mean concentration of 3-SPA in patients with AD treated with tramiprosate was 135 ± 51 nM. In vitro studies revealed a multi-ligand interaction of 3-SPA with monomeric Aβ42 that inhibits the aggregation of Aβ42 into small oligomers. Comparisons of the molecular interactions of tramiprosate and 3-SPA with Aβ42 are also presented. Furthermore, in rat preclinical studies, 3-SPA displayed 100% oral bioavailability and 25% brain penetration, indicating that the metabolite is well absorbed and crosses the blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the endogenous presence of 3-SPA, the major metabolite of tramiprosate, in the CSF of drug-naïve elderly patients with memory deficits due to AD and a variety of other neurodegenerative disorders. The levels of 3-SPA were up to 12.6-fold greater in patients with AD receiving tramiprosate than in drug-naïve patients. In addition, we showed that 3-SPA has potent anti-Aβ oligomer activity, inhibiting aggregation of Aβ42 into small oligomers with efficacy comparable to that of tramiprosate. 3-SPA displays excellent oral availability and brain penetration in rats, suggesting that the higher CSF concentrations of 3-SPA in the human brain after oral administration of ALZ-801 or tramiprosate (and subsequent conversion to 3-SPA) result from the penetration of the metabolite into the central nervous system. These data suggest that 3-SPA is an endogenous agent with potential activity stabilizing the conformational flexibility of Aβ monomers that, in turn, inhibit Aβ misfolding and formation of soluble toxic Aβ oligomers in humans, thereby preventing the initial pathogenic step in the progression of AD. Clinical improvements observed in patients with AD carrying the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene in tramiprosate phase III studies may in part be explained by the therapeutic effects of excess levels of the metabolite in the brains of these patients. The potential protective role of 3-SPA in AD pathogenesis, as well as its therapeutic role in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Hey
- Alzheon, Inc, 111 Speen Street Suite 306, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Petr Kocis
- Alzheon, Inc, 111 Speen Street Suite 306, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Jakub Hort
- 0000 0004 0608 7557grid.412752.7International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic ,0000 0004 1937 116Xgrid.4491.8Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Susan Abushakra
- Alzheon, Inc, 111 Speen Street Suite 306, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Aidan Power
- Alzheon, Inc, 111 Speen Street Suite 306, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Martin Vyhnálek
- 0000 0004 0608 7557grid.412752.7International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic ,0000 0004 1937 116Xgrid.4491.8Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jeremy Y. Yu
- Alzheon, Inc, 111 Speen Street Suite 306, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Martin Tolar
- Alzheon, Inc, 111 Speen Street Suite 306, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
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24
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Doig AJ. Positive Feedback Loops in Alzheimer's Disease: The Alzheimer's Feedback Hypothesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:25-36. [PMID: 30282364 PMCID: PMC6484277 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dominant model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the accumulation of excess amyloid-β (Aβ) leads to inflammation, excess glutamate and intracellular calcium, oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation and tangle formation, neuronal loss, and ultimately dementia. In a cascade, AD proceeds in a unidirectional fashion, with events only affecting downstream processes. Compelling evidence now exists for the presence of positive feedback loops in AD, however, involving oxidative stress, inflammation, glutamate, calcium, and tau. The pathological state of AD is thus a system of positive feedback loops, leading to amplification of the initial perturbation, rather than a linear cascade. Drugs may therefore be effective by targeting numerous points within the loops, rather than concentrating on upstream processes. Anti-inflammatories and anti-oxidants may be especially valuable, since these processes are involved in many loops and hence would affect numerous processes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, UK
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25
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Ponikova S, Kubackova J, Bednarikova Z, Marek J, Demjen E, Antosova A, Musatov A, Gazova Z. Inhibition of lysozyme amyloidogenesis by phospholipids. Focus on long-chain dimyristoylphosphocholine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2934-2943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Oehler B, Kistner K, Martin C, Schiller J, Mayer R, Mohammadi M, Sauer RS, Filipovic MR, Nieto FR, Kloka J, Pflücke D, Hill K, Schaefer M, Malcangio M, Reeh PW, Brack A, Blum R, Rittner HL. Inflammatory pain control by blocking oxidized phospholipid-mediated TRP channel activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5447. [PMID: 28710476 PMCID: PMC5511297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids occurring in cell membranes and lipoproteins are converted into oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) by oxidative stress promoting atherosclerotic plaque formation. Here, OxPL were characterized as novel targets in acute and chronic inflammatory pain. Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) and its derivatives were identified in inflamed tissue by mass spectrometry and binding assays. They elicited calcium influx, hyperalgesia and induced pro-nociceptive peptide release. Genetic, pharmacological and mass spectrometric evidence in vivo as well as in vitro confirmed the role of transient receptor potential channels (TRPA1 and TRPV1) as OxPAPC targets. Treatment with the monoclonal antibody E06 or with apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide D-4F, capturing OxPAPC in atherosclerosis, prevented inflammatory hyperalgesia, and in vitro TRPA1 activation. Administration of D-4F or E06 to rats profoundly ameliorated mechanical hyperalgesia and inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis. These data reveal a clinically relevant role for OxPAPC in inflammation offering therapy for acute and chronic inflammatory pain treatment by scavenging OxPAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Oehler
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kistner
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corinna Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rafaela Mayer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Milad Mohammadi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Reine-Solange Sauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,University of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francisco R Nieto
- Wolfson CARD, King's College London, Guys' Campus, London, United Kingdom.,University of Granada, Department of Pharmacology, Granada, Spain
| | - Jan Kloka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Diana Pflücke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hill
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marzia Malcangio
- Wolfson CARD, King's College London, Guys' Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Brack
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Usui K, Mie M, Andou T, Mihara H, Kobatake E. Fluorescent and luminescent fusion proteins for analyses of amyloid beta peptide aggregation. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:659-665. [PMID: 28378376 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is regarded as a causative agent of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, fluorescent and luminescent fusion proteins were constructed to analyze Aβ aggregation. A system was developed to monitor changes in luminescence that provides information about Aβ aggregation. In the presence of monomeric Aβ, the fusion protein exhibits higher luminescence intensity, and the luminescence intensity is diminished after aggregation of the fusion protein and Aβ. In contrast, the fluorescence is sustained in the presence of Aβ. In the absence of Aβ, the fusion protein self-aggregates, and its luminescence and fluorescence are quenched, thus decreasing the background fluorescence and enhancing the detection of Aβ inside and outside the cells. The ratio of the luminescence intensity to the fluorescence intensity would allow the aggregation degrees of Aβ to be distinguished. This study would be a promising method for analyzing the aggregation state of a particular amyloid protein/peptide (monomer, oligomer, or fibril), as well as the distribution of the amyloid protein/peptide within and at the cell surface, by using a single fusion protein. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Usui
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masayasu Mie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Andou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Mihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of lipid peroxidation, a degenerative process that is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, are highlighted. In particular, the factors that control the kinetics and regio-/stereochemical outcomes of the autoxidation of both polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols and the subsequent decomposition of the hydroperoxide products to cytotoxic derivatives are discussed. These advances promise to help clarify the role of lipid peroxidation in cell death and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zosia A M Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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29
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Jaisson S, Desmons A, Gorisse L, Gillery P. [Protein molecular aging: which role in physiopathology?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:176-182. [PMID: 28240209 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173302013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein molecular aging corresponds to all modifications affecting proteins during their biological life, which lead to the alteration of their structural and functional properties. This phenomenon participates in cell and tissue aging and is therefore involved in the aging of human organism. It is also amplified in various chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease, where it participates in the development of long-term complications. This review aims at describing the main reactions responsible for molecular aging, their impact on protein properties and the parameters which could influence this phenomenon. A general scheme explaining its role in physiopathology is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jaisson
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Recherche Pédiatriques, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Aurore Desmons
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Recherche Pédiatriques, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Laëtitia Gorisse
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Recherche Pédiatriques, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
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30
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Elucidating the Aβ42 Anti-Aggregation Mechanism of Action of Tramiprosate in Alzheimer's Disease: Integrating Molecular Analytical Methods, Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Data. CNS Drugs 2017; 31:495-509. [PMID: 28435985 PMCID: PMC5488121 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-017-0434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and represent a promising target for drug development. Tramiprosate is a small-molecule Aβ anti-aggregation agent that was evaluated in phase III clinical trials for AD but did not meet the primary efficacy endpoints; however, a pre-specified subgroup analysis revealed robust, sustained, and clinically meaningful cognitive and functional effects in patients with AD homozygous for the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4/4 homozygotes), who carry an increased risk for the disease. Therefore, to build on this important efficacy attribute and to further improve its pharmaceutical properties, we have developed a prodrug of tramiprosate ALZ-801 that is in advanced stages of clinical development. To elucidate how tramiprosate works, we investigated its molecular mechanism of action (MOA) and the translation to observed clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE The two main objectives of this research were to (1) elucidate and characterize the MOA of tramiprosate via an integrated application of three independent molecular methodologies and (2) present an integrated translational analysis that links the MOA, conformation of the target, stoichiometry, and pharmacokinetic dose exposure to the observed clinical outcome in APOE4/4 homozygote subjects. METHOD We used three molecular analytical methods-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular dynamics-to characterize the concentration-related interactions of tramiprosate versus Aβ42 monomers and the resultant conformational alterations affecting aggregation into oligomers. The molecular stoichiometry of the tramiprosate versus Aβ42 interaction was further analyzed in the context of clinical pharmacokinetic dose exposure and central nervous system Aβ42 levels (i.e., pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic translation in humans). RESULTS We observed a multi-ligand interaction of tramiprosate with monomeric Aβ42, which differs from the traditional 1:1 binding. This resulted in the stabilization of Aβ42 monomers and inhibition of oligomer formation and elongation, as demonstrated by IMS-MS and molecular dynamics. Using NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics, we also showed that tramiprosate bound to Lys16, Lys28, and Asp23, the key amino acid side chains of Aβ42 that are responsible for both conformational seed formation and neuronal toxicity. The projected molar excess of tramiprosate versus Aβ42 in humans using the dose effective in patients with AD aligned with the molecular stoichiometry of the interaction, providing a clear clinical translation of the MOA. A consistent alignment of these preclinical-to-clinical elements describes a unique example of translational medicine and supports the efficacy seen in symptomatic patients with AD. This unique "enveloping mechanism" of tramiprosate also provides a potential basis for tramiprosate dose selection for patients with homozygous AD at earlier stages of disease. CONCLUSION We have identified the molecular mechanism that may account for the observed clinical efficacy of tramiprosate in patients with APOE4/4 homozygous AD. In addition, the integrated application of the molecular methodologies (i.e., IMS-MS, NMR, and thermodynamics analysis) indicates that it is feasible to modulate and control the Aβ42 conformational dynamics landscape by a small molecule, resulting in a favorable Aβ42 conformational change that leads to a clinically relevant amyloid anti-aggregation effect and inhibition of oligomer formation. This novel enveloping MOA of tramiprosate has potential utility in the development of disease-modifying therapies for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolded proteins.
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31
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Breydo L, Redington JM, Uversky VN. Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Aggregation of Physiologically Important Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 329:145-185. [PMID: 28109327 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of proteins and peptides play an important role in a number of diseases as well as in many physiological processes. Many of the proteins that misfold and aggregate in vivo are intrinsically disordered. Protein aggregation is a complex multistep process, and aggregates can significantly differ in morphology, structure, stability, cytotoxicity, and self-propagation ability. The aggregation process is influenced by both intrinsic (e.g., mutations and expression levels) and extrinsic (e.g., polypeptide chain truncation, macromolecular crowding, posttranslational modifications, as well as interaction with metal ions, other small molecules, lipid membranes, and chaperons) factors. This review examines the effect of a variety of these factors on aggregation of physiologically important intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Breydo
- Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - J M Redington
- Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - V N Uversky
- Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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32
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Schrader T, Bitan G, Klärner FG. Molecular tweezers for lysine and arginine - powerful inhibitors of pathologic protein aggregation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11318-34. [PMID: 27546596 PMCID: PMC5026632 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular tweezers represent the first class of artificial receptor molecules that have made the way from a supramolecular host to a drug candidate with promising results in animal tests. Due to their unique structure, only lysine and arginine are well complexed with exquisite selectivity by a threading mechanism, which unites electrostatic, hydrophobic and dispersive attraction. However, tweezer design must avoid self-dimerization, self-inclusion and external guest binding. Moderate affinities of molecular tweezers towards sterically well accessible basic amino acids with fast on and off rates protect normal proteins from potential interference with their biological function. However, the early stages of abnormal Aβ, α-synuclein, and TTR assembly are redirected upon tweezer binding towards the generation of amorphous non-toxic materials that can be degraded by the intracellular and extracellular clearance mechanisms. Thus, specific host-guest chemistry between aggregation-prone proteins and lysine/arginine binders rescues cell viability and restores animal health in models of AD, PD, and TTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schrader
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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33
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Ozaki M, Nagai K, Nishiyama H, Tsuruoka T, Fujii S, Endoh T, Imai T, Tomizaki KY, Usui K. Site-specific control of silica mineralization on DNA using a designed peptide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4010-3. [PMID: 26690695 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a site-specific method for precipitating inorganic compounds using organic compounds, DNA, and designed peptides with peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). Such a system for site-specific precipitation represents a powerful tool for use in nanobiochemistry and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ozaki
- FIRST (Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Nagai
- FIRST (Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Nishiyama
- FIRST (Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Tsuruoka
- FIRST (Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- FIRST (Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Tamaki Endoh
- FIBER (Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takahito Imai
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
| | - Kin-Ya Tomizaki
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu 520-2194, Japan and Innovative Materials and Processing Research Center, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Kenji Usui
- FIRST (Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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Jin S, Kedia N, Illes-Toth E, Haralampiev I, Prisner S, Herrmann A, Wanker EE, Bieschke J. Amyloid-β(1-42) Aggregation Initiates Its Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19590-606. [PMID: 27458018 PMCID: PMC5016693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid β peptide(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) in extracellular plaques is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). Several studies have suggested that cellular reuptake of Aβ(1-42) may be a crucial step in its cytotoxicity, but the uptake mechanism is not yet understood. Aβ may be present in an aggregated form prior to cellular uptake. Alternatively, monomeric peptide may enter the endocytic pathway and conditions in the endocytic compartments may induce the aggregation process. Our study aims to answer the question whether aggregate formation is a prerequisite or a consequence of Aβ endocytosis. We visualized aggregate formation of fluorescently labeled Aβ(1-42) and tracked its internalization by human neuroblastoma cells and neurons. β-Sheet-rich Aβ(1-42) aggregates entered the cells at low nanomolar concentration of Aβ(1-42). In contrast, monomer uptake faced a concentration threshold and occurred only at concentrations and time scales that allowed Aβ(1-42) aggregates to form. By uncoupling membrane binding from internalization, we found that Aβ(1-42) monomers bound rapidly to the plasma membrane and formed aggregates there. These structures were subsequently taken up and accumulated in endocytic vesicles. This process correlated with metabolic inhibition. Our data therefore imply that the formation of β-sheet-rich aggregates is a prerequisite for Aβ(1-42) uptake and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Jin
- From the Proteomics and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Niraja Kedia
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Eva Illes-Toth
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | | | | | - Andreas Herrmann
- IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich E Wanker
- From the Proteomics and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Jan Bieschke
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
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Luo Q, Hou C, Bai Y, Wang R, Liu J. Protein Assembly: Versatile Approaches to Construct Highly Ordered Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13571-13632. [PMID: 27587089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature endows life with a wide variety of sophisticated, synergistic, and highly functional protein assemblies. Following Nature's inspiration to assemble protein building blocks into exquisite nanostructures is emerging as a fascinating research field. Dictating protein assembly to obtain highly ordered nanostructures and sophisticated functions not only provides a powerful tool to understand the natural protein assembly process but also offers access to advanced biomaterials. Over the past couple of decades, the field of protein assembly has undergone unexpected and rapid developments, and various innovative strategies have been proposed. This Review outlines recent advances in the field of protein assembly and summarizes several strategies, including biotechnological strategies, chemical strategies, and combinations of these approaches, for manipulating proteins to self-assemble into desired nanostructures. The emergent applications of protein assemblies as versatile platforms to design a wide variety of attractive functional materials with improved performances have also been discussed. The goal of this Review is to highlight the importance of this highly interdisciplinary field and to promote its growth in a diverse variety of research fields ranging from nanoscience and material science to synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Zielinski ZAM, Pratt DA. Cholesterol Autoxidation Revisited: Debunking the Dogma Associated with the Most Vilified of Lipids. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6932-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zosia A. M. Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Gamba P, Testa G, Gargiulo S, Staurenghi E, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G. Oxidized cholesterol as the driving force behind the development of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:119. [PMID: 26150787 PMCID: PMC4473000 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia, is typified by the pathological accumulation of amyloid Aβ peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) within the brain. Considerable evidence indicates that many events contribute to AD progression, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered cholesterol metabolism. The brain’s high lipid content makes it particularly vulnerable to oxidative species, with the consequent enhancement of lipid peroxidation and cholesterol oxidation, and the subsequent formation of end products, mainly 4-hydroxynonenal and oxysterols, respectively from the two processes. The chronic inflammatory events observed in the AD brain include activation of microglia and astrocytes, together with enhancement of inflammatory molecule and free radical release. Along with glial cells, neurons themselves have been found to contribute to neuroinflammation in the AD brain, by serving as sources of inflammatory mediators. Oxidative stress is intimately associated with neuroinflammation, and a vicious circle has been found to connect oxidative stress and inflammation in AD. Alongside oxidative stress and inflammation, altered cholesterol metabolism and hypercholesterolemia also significantly contribute to neuronal damage and to progression of AD. Increasing evidence is now consolidating the hypothesis that oxidized cholesterol is the driving force behind the development of AD, and that oxysterols are the link connecting the disease to altered cholesterol metabolism in the brain and hypercholesterolemia; this is because of the ability of oxysterols, unlike cholesterol, to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). The key role of oxysterols in AD pathogenesis has been strongly supported by research pointing to their involvement in modulating neuroinflammation, Aβ accumulation, and cell death. This review highlights the key role played by cholesterol and oxysterols in the brain in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Staurenghi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Miyoshi N, Iuliano L, Tomono S, Ohshima H. Implications of cholesterol autoxidation products in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:702-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rawat A, Nagaraj R. Covalently attached fatty acyl chains alter the aggregation behavior of an amyloidogenic peptide derived from human β(2)-microglobulin. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:770-83. [PMID: 24243599 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of a polypeptide chain into highly ordered amyloid aggregates is a complex process. Various factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic to the polypeptide chain, have been shown to perturb this process, leading to a drastic change in the amyloidogenic behavior, which is reflected in the polymorphism of amyloid aggregates at various levels of self-assembly. In this paper, we have investigated the ability of covalently linked long-chain fatty acids in modulating the self-assembly of an aromatic amino acid-rich highly amyloidogenic sequence derived from the amino acid region 59-71 of human β2-microglobulin by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence microscopy, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results indicate that under identical conditions of dissolution and concentration, each peptide enhances the fluorescence of ThT. However, the aggregates are morphologically distinct. For the same peptide, the aggregate morphologies are dependent on peptide concentration. Further, an optimum concentration, which varies with solution ionic strength, is required for the formation of fibrillar aggregates. We show that covalent modification of this amyloidogenic sequence, with long-chain fatty acids, affects the way the higher order amyloid structures assemble from the cross-β units, in fatty acyl chain-dependent and position-dependent manner. Our data indicate that noncovalent interactions leading to amyloid fibril formation can be modulated by the hydrophobicity of covalently attached long-chain fatty acids resulting in self-assembly of the peptide chain to form nonfibrillar aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Rawat
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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40
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Popp J, Meichsner S, Kölsch H, Lewczuk P, Maier W, Kornhuber J, Jessen F, Lütjohann D. Cerebral and extracerebral cholesterol metabolism and CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
To gain insight into the interplay of processes and species that maintain a correctly folded, functional proteome, we have developed a computational model called FoldEco. FoldEco models the cellular proteostasis network of the E. coli cytoplasm, including protein synthesis, degradation, aggregation, chaperone systems, and the folding characteristics of protein clients. We focused on E. coli because much of the needed input information--including mechanisms, rate parameters, and equilibrium coefficients--is available, largely from in vitro experiments; however, FoldEco will shed light on proteostasis in other organisms. FoldEco can generate hypotheses to guide the design of new experiments. Hypothesis generation leads to system-wide questions and shows how to convert these questions to experimentally measurable quantities, such as changes in protein concentrations with chaperone or protease levels, which can then be used to improve our current understanding of proteostasis and refine the model. A web version of FoldEco is available at http://foldeco.scripps.edu.
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Aβ induces astrocytic glutamate release, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation, and synaptic loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E2518-27. [PMID: 23776240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306832110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss is the cardinal feature linking neuropathology to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of synaptic damage remains incompletely understood. Here, using FRET-based glutamate sensor imaging, we show that amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) engages α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to induce release of astrocytic glutamate, which in turn activates extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs) on neurons. In hippocampal autapses, this eNMDAR activity is followed by reduction in evoked and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Decreased mEPSC frequency may reflect early synaptic injury because of concurrent eNMDAR-mediated NO production, tau phosphorylation, and caspase-3 activation, each of which is implicated in spine loss. In hippocampal slices, oligomeric Aβ induces eNMDAR-mediated synaptic depression. In AD-transgenic mice compared with wild type, whole-cell recordings revealed excessive tonic eNMDAR activity accompanied by eNMDAR-sensitive loss of mEPSCs. Importantly, the improved NMDAR antagonist NitroMemantine, which selectively inhibits extrasynaptic over physiological synaptic NMDAR activity, protects synapses from Aβ-induced damage both in vitro and in vivo.
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Sepe S, Payan-Gomez C, Milanese C, Hoeijmakers JH, Mastroberardino PG. Nucleotide excision repair in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:568-77. [PMID: 23726220 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Impaired DNA repair involving the nucleotide excision repair (NER)/transcription-coupled repair (TCR) pathway cause human pathologies associated with severe neurological symptoms. These clinical observations suggest that defective NER/TCR might also play a critical role in chronic neurodegenerative disorders (ND), such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Involvement of NER/TCR in these disorders is also substantiated by the evidence that aging constitutes the principal risk factor for chronic ND and that this DNA repair mechanism is very relevant for the aging process itself. Our understanding of the exact role of NER/TCR in chronic ND, however, is extremely rudimentary; while there is no doubt that defective NER/TCR can lead to neuronal death, evidence for its participation in the etiopathogenesis of ND is inconclusive thus far. Here we summarize the experimental observations supporting a role for NER/TCR in chronic ND and suggest questions and lines of investigation that might help in addressing this important issue. We also present a preliminary yet unprecedented meta-analysis on human brain microarray data to understand the expression levels of the various NER factors in the anatomical areas relevant for chronic ND pathogenesis. In summary, this review intends to highlight elements supporting a role of NER/TCR in these devastating disorders and to propose potential strategies of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sepe
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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44
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AβP1-42 incorporation and channel formation in planar lipid membranes: the role of cholesterol and its oxidation products. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 45:369-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-013-9513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Volinsky R, Kinnunen PKJ. Oxidized phosphatidylcholines in membrane-level cellular signaling: from biophysics to physiology and molecular pathology. FEBS J 2013; 280:2806-16. [PMID: 23506295 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of lipids has been shown to impact virtually all cellular processes. The paradigm has been that this involvement is due to interference with the functions of membrane-associated proteins. It is only recently that methodological advances in molecular-level detection and identification have begun to provide insights into oxidative lipid modification and its involvement in cell signaling as well as in major diseases and inflammation. Extensive evidence suggests a correlation between lipid peroxidation and degenerative neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, as well as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Despite the obvious relevance of understanding the molecular basis of the above ailments, the exact modes of action of oxidized lipids have remained elusive. In this minireview, we summarize recent findings on the biophysical characteristics of biomembranes following oxidative derivatization of their lipids, and how these altered properties are involved in both physiological processes and major pathological conditions. Lipid-bearing, oxidatively truncated and functionalized acyl chains are known to modify membrane bulk physical properties, such as thermal phase behavior, bilayer thickness, hydration and polarity profiles, as manifest in the altered structural dynamics of lipid bilayers, leading to augmented membrane permeability, fast lipid transbilayer diffusion (flip-flop), loss of lipid asymmetry (scrambling) and phase segregation (the formation of 'rafts'). These changes, together with the generated reactive lipid derivatives, can be further expected to interfere with lipid-protein interactions, influencing metabolic pathways, causing inflammation, the execution phase in apoptosis and initiating pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Volinsky
- Helsinki Biophysics & Biomembrane Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Belluti F, Rampa A, Gobbi S, Bisi A. Small-molecule inhibitors/modulators of amyloid-β peptide aggregation and toxicity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a patent review (2010 - 2012). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:581-96. [PMID: 23425062 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.772983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic, physiological, and biochemical data indicate that agglomerates of the 42-amino acid form of the amyloid-β (Aβ(42)) peptide are strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology and thus represent a particularly attractive target for the development of an effective disease-modifying approach for AD treatment. A plethora of chemical entities able to modulate Aβ(42) self-assembly have been developed in recent years, among them, several are in clinical or preclinical development. AREAS COVERED This review accounts for small-molecule inhibitors of Aβ peptide polymerization and toxicity, reported in the patent literature during the 2010 - 2012 period, and their potential use as disease-modifying therapeutics for AD cure. EXPERT OPINION The earliest pathogenic event is the formation of soluble Aβ oligomers that disrupt synaptic communication. Drug design strategies targeting these primary toxic agents could hold considerable promises for obtaining effective anti-AD drugs candidate. The heterogeneous aggregation of Aβ and the resulting difficulty to structurally characterize the peptide represent important drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Belluti
- Alma MaterStudiorum-Bologna University, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Bologna, Italy.
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47
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Attar A, Ripoli C, Riccardi E, Maiti P, Li Puma DD, Liu T, Hayes J, Jones MR, Lichti-Kaiser K, Yang F, Gale GD, Tseng CH, Tan M, Xie CW, Straudinger JL, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Frautschy SA, Grassi C, Bitan G. Protection of primary neurons and mouse brain from Alzheimer's pathology by molecular tweezers. Brain 2012. [PMID: 23183235 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating cureless neurodegenerative disorder affecting >35 million people worldwide. The disease is caused by toxic oligomers and aggregates of amyloid β protein and the microtubule-associated protein tau. Recently, the Lys-specific molecular tweezer CLR01 has been shown to inhibit aggregation and toxicity of multiple amyloidogenic proteins, including amyloid β protein and tau, by disrupting key interactions involved in the assembly process. Following up on these encouraging findings, here, we asked whether CLR01 could protect primary neurons from Alzheimer's disease-associated synaptotoxicity and reduce Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in vivo. Using cell culture and brain slices, we found that CLR01 effectively inhibited synaptotoxicity induced by the 42-residue isoform of amyloid β protein, including ∼80% inhibition of changes in dendritic spines density and long-term potentiation and complete inhibition of changes in basal synaptic activity. Using a radiolabelled version of the compound, we found that CLR01 crossed the mouse blood-brain barrier at ∼2% of blood levels. Treatment of 15-month-old triple-transgenic mice for 1 month with CLR01 resulted in a decrease in brain amyloid β protein aggregates, hyperphosphorylated tau and microglia load as observed by immunohistochemistry. Importantly, no signs of toxicity were observed in the treated mice, and CLR01 treatment did not affect the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid β protein precursor. Examining induction or inhibition of the cytochrome P450 metabolism system by CLR01 revealed minimal interaction. Together, these data suggest that CLR01 is safe for use at concentrations well above those showing efficacy in mice. The efficacy and toxicity results support a process-specific mechanism of action of molecular tweezers and suggest that these are promising compounds for developing disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Attar
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Neuroscience Research Building 1, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7334, USA.
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Ricciarelli R, Canepa E, Marengo B, Marinari UM, Poli G, Pronzato MA, Domenicotti C. Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: A still poorly understood correlation. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:931-5. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Gamba P, Testa G, Sottero B, Gargiulo S, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G. The link between altered cholesterol metabolism and Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1259:54-64. [PMID: 22758637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and synapses, and by extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques, Aβ deposits in the cerebral blood vessels, and intracellular inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles. Several mechanisms contribute to AD development and progression, and increasing epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests a key role of cholesterol in its initiation and progression. Altered cholesterol metabolism and hypercholesterolemia appear to play fundamental roles in amyloid plaque formation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Over the last decade, growing evidence supports the idea that cholesterol oxidation products, known as oxysterols, may be the missing link between altered brain cholesterol metabolism and AD pathogenesis, as their involvement in neurotoxicity, mainly by interacting with Aβ peptides, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine San Luigi Gonzaga, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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50
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Eskici G, Axelsen PH. Copper and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biochemistry 2012; 51:6289-311. [DOI: 10.1021/bi3006169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Eskici
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics,
and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
| | - Paul H. Axelsen
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics,
and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
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