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Adel A, Abdul-Hamid M, Abdel-Kawi SH, A. Abdelaziz M, Sakr HI, Ahmed OM. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce CCl 4-induced kidney injury and fibrosis in male Wistar rats. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2319330. [PMID: 39049729 PMCID: PMC11275530 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2319330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study explores the possible therapeutic role of rats and mice bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on renal damage and toxicity brought on by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar rats. METHODS Following an intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg b.w. twice weekly) for eight weeks, male Wistar rats were intravenously treated with rats and mice BM-MSCs (1 × 106 cells in 0.2 mL Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/rat/week) a week for four weeks. Kidney functions were evaluated and kidney samples were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome (MT) staining techniques, and electron microscopy analysis. Kidney cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), protein 53 (p53), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by immunohistochemical staining techniques. Additionally, bioindicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems were identified in kidney tissue. RESULTS In CCl4-injected rats, serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels significantly increased, as did renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) transferase, and GSH levels significantly dropped in the kidneys. Histologically, the kidneys displayed a wide range of structural abnormalities, such as glomerular shrinkage, tubular dilations, inflammatory leukocytic infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, and elevated collagen content. Inflammatory cytokines like COX-2 and TNF-α as well as the pro-apoptotic mediator p53 were considerably upregulated. Treatment of BM-MSCs from mice and rats with CCl4-injected rats considerably reduced the previously noted abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS By boosting antioxidant defense and reducing apoptosis and inflammation, BM-MSCs from mice and rats were able to enhance kidney function and histological integrity in rats that had received CCl4 injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Adel
- Histology, Cell Biology and Genetic Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Histology, Cell Biology and Genetic Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Samraa H. Abdel-Kawi
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelaziz
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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2
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Wang H, Nie Y, Sun Z, He Y, Yang J. Serum amyloid P component: Structure, biological activity, and application in diagnosis and treatment of immune-associated diseases. Mol Immunol 2024; 172:1-8. [PMID: 38850776 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a member the innate immune humoral arm and participated in various processes, including the innate immune responses, tissue remodeling, and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Remarkably, SAP is a highly versatile immunomodulatory factor that can serve as a drug target for treating amyloid diseases and reduce inflammation, fibrosis degree, and respiratory disease. In this review, we focus on the biological activities of SAP and its application in different systemic immune-associated diseases. First, we reviewed the regulatory effects of SAP on innate immune cells and possible mechanisms. Second, we emphasized SAP as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for immune-associated diseases, including the neuropsychiatric disorders. Third, we presented several recommendations for regulating SAP in immune cell function and potential areas for future research. Some authorities consider SAP to be a pattern recognition molecule that plays multiple roles in the innate immune system and inflammation. Developing therapeutics that target SAP or its associated signaling pathways may be a promising strategy for treating immune-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yadan Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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3
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Gu L, Liao P, Liu H. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in acute leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022979. [PMID: 36601484 PMCID: PMC9806275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prognosis for acute leukemia has greatly improved, treatment of relapsed/refractory acute leukemia (R/R AL) remains challenging. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) plays a crucial role in leukemogenesis and therapeutic resistance; therefore, BMM-targeted strategies should be a potent protocol for treating R/R AL. The targeting of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in solid tumors has received much attention and has achieved some progress, as CAFs might act as an organizer in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, over the last 10 years, attention has been drawn to the role of CAFs in the BMM. In spite of certain successes in preclinical and clinical studies, the heterogeneity and plasticity of CAFs mean targeting them is a big challenge. Herein, we review the heterogeneity and roles of CAFs in the BMM and highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with acute leukemia therapies that involve the targeting of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ling Gu, ; Ping Liao, ; Hanmin Liu,
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore,Academic & Clinical Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Ling Gu, ; Ping Liao, ; Hanmin Liu,
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Ling Gu, ; Ping Liao, ; Hanmin Liu,
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4
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Bermea KC, Rousseau ST, Adamo L. Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-cells. JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS : JOVE 2022:10.3791/64344. [PMID: 36063013 PMCID: PMC9851622 DOI: 10.3791/64344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that B-lymphocytes play an important role in the context of myocardial physiology and myocardial adaptation to injury. However, the literature reports contrasting data on the prevalence of myocardial B-cells. B-cells have been reported to be both among the most prevalent immune cells in the rodent heart or to be present, but at a markedly lower prevalence than myeloid cells, or to be quite rare. Similarly, several groups have described that the number of myocardial B-cells increases after acute ischemic myocardial injury, but one group reported no changes in the number of B-cells of the injured myocardium. Implementation of a shared, reproducible method to assess the prevalence of myocardial B-cells is critical to harmonize observations from different research groups and thus promote the advancement of the study of B-cell myocardial interactions. Based on our experience, the seemingly contrasting observations reported in the literature likely stem from the fact that murine myocardial B-cells are mostly intravascular and connected to the microvascular endothelium. Therefore, the number of B-cells recovered from a murine heart is exquisitely sensitive to the perfusion conditions used to clean the organ and to the method of digestion used. Here we report an optimized protocol that accounts for these two critical variables in a specific way. This protocol empowers reproducible, flow cytometry-based analysis of the number of murine myocardial B-cells and allows researchers to distinguish extravascular vs. intravascular myocardial B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Bermea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Sylvie T. Rousseau
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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5
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Bermea K, Bhalodia A, Huff A, Rousseau S, Adamo L. The Role of B Cells in Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:935-946. [PMID: 35689723 PMCID: PMC9422953 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the current knowledge on the role that B lymphocytes play in heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies from murine models have shown that B cells modulate cardiac adaptation to injury and ultimately affect the degree of cardiac dysfunction after acute ischemic damage. In addition, a B cell-modulating small molecule was recently shown to have beneficial effects in humans with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. B lymphocytes are specialized immune cells present in all jawed vertebrates. They are characteristically known for their ability to produce antibodies, but they have other functions and are important players in virtually all forms of immune responses. A growing body of evidence indicates that B cells are intimately connected with the heart and that B cell dysregulation might play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. B cells are therefore gathering attention as potential targets for the development of novel immunomodulatory-based treatments for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bermea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Aashik Bhalodia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Angelo Huff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sylvie Rousseau
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Li G, Yang J, Zhang D, Wang X, Han J, Guo X. Research Progress of Myocardial Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889706. [PMID: 35958428 PMCID: PMC9357935 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging population and the increasing incidence of basic illnesses such as hypertension and diabetes (DM), the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased significantly. AF is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, which can cause heart failure (HF) and ischemic stroke (IS), increasing disability and mortality. Current studies point out that myocardial fibrosis (MF) is one of the most critical substrates for the occurrence and maintenance of AF. Although myocardial biopsy is the gold standard for evaluating MF, it is rarely used in clinical practice because it is an invasive procedure. In addition, serological indicators and imaging methods have also been used to evaluate MF. Nevertheless, the accuracy of serological markers in evaluating MF is controversial. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of MF, serological evaluation, imaging evaluation, and anti-fibrosis treatment to discuss the existing problems and provide new ideas for MF and AF evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Demei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueya Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueya Guo,
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7
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang N, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Liu Y. Immunomodulatory Treatment Strategies Targeting B Cells for Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854592. [PMID: 35350762 PMCID: PMC8957947 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-oncology, a nascent specialty, has evolved as a concerted strategy to address the cardiovascular complications of cancer therapies. On the other hand, emerging evidence has shown that some anti-tumor drugs, such as CD20-targeted rotuximab, also have markedly cardioprotective effects in addition to treating cancers. Rituximab is a CD20-targeted monoclonal antibody and kill tumor B-cells through antibody-mediated and antibody-independent pathways, indicating that B cells participate and promote the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we mainly present the evidence that B cells contribute to the development of hypertrophy, inflammation, and maladaptive tissue remodeling, with the aim of proposing novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies targeting B cells and their products for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Heart Failure and Structural Cardiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Heart Failure and Structural Cardiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Heart Failure and Structural Cardiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Heart Failure and Structural Cardiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Heart Failure and Structural Cardiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Heart Failure and Structural Cardiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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8
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Lopez‐Sanz L, Bernal S, Jimenez‐Castilla L, Prieto I, La Manna S, Gomez‐Lopez S, Blanco‐Colio LM, Egido J, Martin‐Ventura JL, Gomez‐Guerrero C. Fcγ receptor activation mediates vascular inflammation and abdominal aortic aneurysm development. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e463. [PMID: 34323424 PMCID: PMC8255062 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a degenerative vascular pathology characterized by permanent dilation of the aorta, is considered a chronic inflammatory disease involving innate/adaptive immunity. However, the functional role of antibody-dependent immune response against antigens present in the damaged vessel remains unresolved. We hypothesized that engagement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptors (FcγR) by immune complexes (IC) in the aortic wall contributes to AAA development. We therefore evaluated FcγR expression in AAA lesions and analysed whether inhibition of FcγR signaling molecules (γ-chain and Syk kinase) influences AAA formation in mice. METHODS FcγR gene/protein expression was assessed in human and mouse AAA tissues. Experimental AAA was induced by aortic elastase perfusion in wild-type (WT) mice and γ-chain knockout (γKO) mice (devoid of activating FcγR) in combination with macrophage adoptive transfer or Syk inhibitor treatment. To verify the mechanisms of FcγR in vitro, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and macrophages were stimulated with IgG IC. RESULTS FcγR overexpression was detected in adventitia and media layers of human and mouse AAA. Elastase-perfused γKO mice exhibited a decrease in AAA incidence, aortic dilation, elastin degradation, and VSMC loss. This was associated with (1) reduced infiltrating leukocytes and immune deposits in AAA lesions, (2) inflammatory genes and metalloproteinases downregulation, (3) redox balance restoration, and (4) converse phenotype of anti-inflammatory macrophage M2 and contractile VSMC. Adoptive transfer of FcγR-expressing macrophages aggravated aneurysm in γKO mice. In vitro, FcγR deficiency attenuated inflammatory gene expression, oxidative stress, and phenotypic switch triggered by IC. Additionally, Syk inhibition prevented IC-mediated cell responses, reduced inflammation, and mitigated AAA formation. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insight into the role and mechanisms mediating IgG-FcγR-associated inflammation and aortic wall injury in AAA, which might represent therapeutic targets against AAA disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/adverse effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains/metabolism
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/therapeutic use
- Oxidative Stress
- Pancreatic Elastase/adverse effects
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Syk Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Syk Kinase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lopez‐Sanz
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)MadridSpain
| | - Susana Bernal
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)MadridSpain
| | - Luna Jimenez‐Castilla
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)MadridSpain
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)MadridSpain
| | - Sara La Manna
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Luis Miguel Blanco‐Colio
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)MadridSpain
| | - Jose Luis Martin‐Ventura
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Carmen Gomez‐Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research LabIIS‐Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)MadridSpain
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9
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Karhadkar TR, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Serum Amyloid P inhibits single stranded RNA-induced lung inflammation, lung damage, and cytokine storm in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245924. [PMID: 33481950 PMCID: PMC7822324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a single stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus and contains GU-rich sequences distributed abundantly in the genome. In COVID-19, the infection and immune hyperactivation causes accumulation of inflammatory immune cells, blood clots, and protein aggregates in lung fluid, increased lung alveolar wall thickness, and upregulation of serum cytokine levels. A serum protein called serum amyloid P (SAP) has a calming effect on the innate immune system and shows efficacy as a therapeutic for fibrosis in animal models and clinical trials. Here we show that aspiration of the GU-rich ssRNA oligonucleotide ORN06 into mouse lungs induces all of the above COVID-19-like symptoms. Men tend to have more severe COVID-19 symptoms than women, and in the aspirated ORN06 model, male mice tended to have more severe symptoms than female mice. Intraperitoneal injections of SAP starting from day 1 post ORN06 aspiration attenuated the ORN06-induced increase in the number of inflammatory cells and formation of clot-like aggregates in the mouse lung fluid, reduced ORN06-increased alveolar wall thickness and accumulation of exudates in the alveolar airspace, and attenuated an ORN06-induced upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, and IL-27 in serum. SAP also reduced D-dimer levels in the lung fluid. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, SAP attenuated ORN06-induced extracellular accumulation of IL-6. Together, these results suggest that aspiration of ORN06 is a simple model for both COVID-19 as well as cytokine storm in general, and that SAP is a potential therapeutic for diseases with COVID-19-like symptoms and/or a cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas R. Karhadkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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10
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Pilling D, Karhadkar TR, Gomer RH. A CD209 ligand and a sialidase inhibitor differentially modulate adipose tissue and liver macrophage populations and steatosis in mice on the Methionine and Choline-Deficient (MCD) diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244762. [PMID: 33378413 PMCID: PMC7773271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes and is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver (steatosis). NAFLD can transition into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with liver cell injury, inflammation, and an increased risk of fibrosis. We previously found that injections of either 1866, a synthetic ligand for the lectin receptor CD209, or DANA, a sialidase inhibitor, can inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in multiple animal models. The methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet is a model of NASH which results in the rapid induction of liver steatosis and inflammation. In this report, we show that for C57BL/6 mice on a MCD diet, injections of both 1866 and DANA reversed MCD diet-induced decreases in white fat, decreases in adipocyte size, and white fat inflammation. However, these effects were not observed in type 2 diabetic db/db mice on a MCD diet. In db/db mice on a MCD diet, 1866 decreased liver steatosis, but these effects were not observed in C57BL/6 mice. There was no correlation between the ability of 1866 or DANA to affect steatosis and the effects of these compounds on the density of liver macrophage cells expressing CLEC4F, CD64, F4/80, or Mac2. Together these results indicate that 1866 and DANA modulate adipocyte size and adipose tissue macrophage populations, that 1866 could be useful for modulating steatosis, and that changes in the local density of 4 different liver macrophages cell types do not correlate with effects on liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Tejas R Karhadkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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11
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Reichardt IM, Robeson KZ, Regnier M, Davis J. Controlling cardiac fibrosis through fibroblast state space modulation. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109888. [PMID: 33340659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts after cardiac injury has traditionally been defined by a unidirectional continuum from quiescent fibroblasts, through activated fibroblasts, and finally to fibrotic-matrix producing myofibroblasts. However, recent lineage tracing and single cell RNA sequencing experiments have demonstrated that fibroblast transdifferentiation is much more complex. Growing evidence suggests that fibroblasts are more heterogenous than previously thought, and many new cell states have recently been identified. This review reexamines conventional fibroblast transdifferentiation paradigms with a dynamic state space lens, which could enable a more complex understanding of how fibroblast state dynamics alters fibrotic remodeling of the heart. This review will define cellular state space, how it relates to fibroblast state transitions, and how the canonical and non-canonical fibrotic signaling pathways modulate fibroblast cell state and cardiac fibrosis. Finally, this review explores the therapeutic potential of fibroblast state space modulation by p38 inhibition, yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibition, and fibroblast reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Reichardt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
| | - Kalen Z Robeson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 850 Republican, #343, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
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12
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Karhadkar TR, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Serum Amyloid P inhibits single stranded RNA-induced lung inflammation, lung damage, and cytokine storm in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32869032 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.26.269183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a single stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus and contains GU-rich sequences distributed abundantly in the genome. In COVID-19, the infection and immune hyperactivation causes accumulation of inflammatory immune cells, blood clots, and protein aggregates in lung fluid, increased lung alveolar wall thickness, and upregulation of serum cytokine levels. A serum protein called serum amyloid P (SAP) has a calming effect on the innate immune system and shows efficacy as a therapeutic for fibrosis in animal models and clinical trials. In this report, we show that aspiration of the GU-rich ssRNA oligonucleotide ORN06 into mouse lungs induces all of the above COVID-19-like symptoms. Men tend to have more severe COVID-19 symptoms than women, and in the aspirated ORN06 model, male mice tended to have more severe symptoms than female mice. Intraperitoneal injections of SAP starting from day 1 post ORN06 aspiration attenuated the ORN06-induced increase in the number of inflammatory cells and formation of clot-like aggregates in the mouse lung fluid, reduced ORN06-increased alveolar wall thickness and accumulation of exudates in the alveolar airspace, and attenuated an ORN06-induced upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, and IL-27 in serum. Together, these results suggest that aspiration of ORN06 is a simple model for both COVID-19 as well as cytokine storm in general, and that SAP is a potential therapeutic for diseases with COVID-19-like symptoms as well as diseases that generate a cytokine storm.
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13
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García-Rivas G, Castillo EC, Gonzalez-Gil AM, Maravillas-Montero JL, Brunck M, Torres-Quintanilla A, Elizondo-Montemayor L, Torre-Amione G. The role of B cells in heart failure and implications for future immunomodulatory treatment strategies. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1387-1399. [PMID: 32533765 PMCID: PMC7373901 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous demonstrations that the immune system is activated in heart failure, negatively affecting patients' outcomes, no definitive treatment strategy exists directed to modulate the immune system. In this review, we present the evidence that B cells contribute to the development of hypertrophy, inflammation, and maladaptive tissue remodelling. B cells produce antibodies that interfere with cardiomyocyte function, which culminates as the result of recruitment and activation of a variety of innate and structural cell populations, including neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and T cells. As B cells appear as active players in heart failure, we propose here novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies that target B cells and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elena Cristina Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adrian M Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marion Brunck
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, FEMSA Biotechnology Center, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Torres-Quintanilla
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Serum Amyloid P and a Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin Ligand Inhibit High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue and Liver Inflammation and Steatosis in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2400-2413. [PMID: 31539521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation is associated with a variety of health risks. The systemic pentraxin serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits inflammation. SAP activates the high-affinity IgG receptor Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI; CD64) and the lectin receptor dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209). Herein, we show that for mice on an HFD, injections of SAP and a synthetic CD209 ligand (1866) reduced HFD-increased adipose and liver tissue inflammation, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation in adipose tissue. HFD worsened glucose tolerance test results and caused increased adipocyte size; for mice on an HFD, SAP improved glucose tolerance test results and reduced adipocyte size. Mice on an HFD had elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-23, interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)], and tumor necrosis factor-α. SAP reduced serum levels of IL-23, IFN-β, MCP-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas 1866 reduced IFN-γ. In vitro, SAP, but not 1866, treated cells isolated from white fat tissue (stromal vesicular fraction) produced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. HFD causes steatosis, and both SAP and 1866 reduced it. Conversely, compared with control mice, SAP knockout mice fed on a normal diet had increased white adipocyte cell sizes, increased numbers of inflammatory cells in adipose and liver tissue, and steatosis; and these effects were exacerbated on an HFD. SAP and 1866 may inhibit some, but not all, of the effects of a high-fat diet.
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15
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Nouno T, Okamoto M, Ohnishi K, Kaieda S, Tominaga M, Zaizen Y, Ichiki M, Momosaki S, Nakamura M, Fujimoto K, Fukuoka J, Shimizu S, Komohara Y, Hoshino T. Elevation of pulmonary CD163 + and CD204 + macrophages is associated with the clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:4005-4017. [PMID: 31656675 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background M2-like/repair macrophages are thought to contribute to fibrotic process of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We analyzed the association between pulmonary accumulation of M2-like macrophages and survival in IPF patients. Methods Lung tissues were obtained by surgical lung biopsy from patients with IPF (n=16), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, n=8) and control subjects (n=14). Samples were also obtained at autopsy from 9 patients who died of acute exacerbation (AE) of IPF. Lung specimens and/or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for expression of CD68 (pan-macrophage marker), CD163, and CD204 (M2-like macrophage markers), and by in situ mRNA hybridization and ELISA for production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Results CD68+, CD163+, and CD204+ cell counts and CD163+/CD68+ and CD204+/CD68+ cell ratios were comparable in IPF and NSIP lung tissues and significantly higher than in control tissues. IPF-AE lung samples contained significantly elevated CD68+ and CD163+ cell counts and CD163+/CD68+ cell ratio compared with IPF samples, whereas CD204+ cell counts and CD204+/CD68+ cells ratio did not differ. High CD163+/CD68+ and CD204+/CD68+ cell ratios were significantly associated with shorter overall survival and time-to-AE in IPF patients. In vitro-differentiated human CD163+ and CD204+ macrophages both secreted TGF-β1; however, the novel IPF drug pentraxin 2/serum amyloid protein could suppress secretion only by CD204+ macrophages. Conclusions Pulmonary accumulation of CD163+ and CD204+ macrophages is associated with worse clinical course in IPF patients. Suppression of macrophage activation and TGF-β1 secretion may be a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nouno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masaki Okamoto
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuou-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kaieda
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masaki Tominaga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Zaizen
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masao Ichiki
- Department of Respirology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Jigyohama, Chuou-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiya Momosaki
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Jigyohama, Chuou-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakamura
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiminori Fujimoto
- Department of Radiology and Center for Diagnostic Imaging, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuou-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
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16
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Pilling D, Gomer RH. The Development of Serum Amyloid P as a Possible Therapeutic. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2328. [PMID: 30459752 PMCID: PMC6232687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentraxins such as serum amyloid P (SAP; also known as PTX2) regulate several aspects of the innate immune system. SAP inhibits the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes, promotes the formation of immuno-regulatory macrophages, and inhibits neutrophil adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. In this minireview, we describe how these effects of SAP have led to its possible use as a therapeutic, and how modulating SAP effects might be used for other therapeutics. Fibrosing diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and renal fibrosis are associated with 30-45% of deaths in the US. Fibrosis involves both fibrocyte differentiation and profibrotic macrophage differentiation, and possibly because SAP inhibits both of these processes, in 9 different animal models, SAP inhibited fibrosis. In Phase 1B and Phase 2 clinical trials, SAP injections reduced the decline in lung function in pulmonary fibrosis patients, and in a small Phase 2 trial SAP injections reduced fibrosis in myelofibrosis patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome/ acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI) involves the accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs, and possibly because SAP inhibits neutrophil adhesion, SAP injections reduced the severity of ARDS in an animal model. Conversely, depleting SAP is a potential therapeutic for amyloidosis, topically removing SAP from wound fluid speeds wound healing in animal models, and blocking SAP binding to one of its receptors makes cultured macrophages more aggressive toward tuberculosis bacteria. These results suggest that modulating pentraxin signaling might be useful for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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17
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Keppner L, Heinrichs M, Rieckmann M, Demengeot J, Frantz S, Hofmann U, Ramos G. Antibodies aggravate the development of ischemic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1358-H1367. [PMID: 30095974 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00144.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart-specific antibodies have been widely associated with myocardial infarction (MI). However, it remains unclear whether autoantibodies mediate disease progression or are a byproduct of cardiac injury. To disambiguate the role of immunoglobulins in MI, we characterized the development of ischemic heart failure in agammaglobulinemic mice (AID-/-μS-/-). Although these animals can produce functional B cells, they cannot synthesize secretory IgM (μS-/-) or perform Ig class switching (AID-/-), leading to complete antibody deficiency. Agammaglobulinemia did not affect overall post-MI survival but resulted in a significant reduction in infarct size. Echocardiographic analyses showed that, compared with wild-type infarcted control mice, AID-/-μS-/- mice exhibited improved cardiac function and reduced remodeling on day 56 post-MI. These differences remained significant even after animals with matched infarct sizes were compared. Infarcted AID-/-μS-/- mice also showed reduced myocardial expression levels of transcripts known to promote adverse remodeling, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9, collagen type I a1, collagen type III a1, and IL-6. An unbiased screening of the heart reactivity potential in the plasma of wild-type MI animals revealed the presence of antibodies that target the myocardial scar and collagenase-sensitive epitopes. Moreover, we found that IgG accumulated within the scar tissues of infarcted mice and remained in close proximity with cells expressing Fcγ receptors (CD16/32), suggesting the existence of an in situ IgG-Fcγ receptor axis. Collectively, our study results confirm that antibodies contribute to ischemic heart failure progression and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study sheds some light on the long-standing debate over the relevance of autoantibodies in heart failure and might stimulate future research in the field. The observation of extracellular matrix-specific antibodies and the detection of Fcγ receptor-expressing cells within the scar provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which antibodies may contribute to adverse remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Keppner
- University Hospital Halle, Department of Internal Medicine-III , Halle , Germany
| | - Margarete Heinrichs
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine-I , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Max Rieckmann
- University Hospital Halle, Department of Internal Medicine-III , Halle , Germany
| | | | - Stefan Frantz
- University Hospital Halle, Department of Internal Medicine-III , Halle , Germany.,University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine-I , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- University Hospital Halle, Department of Internal Medicine-III , Halle , Germany.,University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine-I , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Gustavo Ramos
- University Hospital Halle, Department of Internal Medicine-III , Halle , Germany.,University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine-I , Würzburg , Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center , Würzburg , Germany
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18
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Park K, Amano H, Ito Y, Mastui Y, Kamata M, Yamazaki Y, Takeda A, Shibuya M, Majima M. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) tyrosine kinase signaling facilitates granulation tissue formation with recruitment of VEGFR1 + cells from bone marrow. Anat Sci Int 2017; 93:372-383. [PMID: 29256114 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-017-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A facilitates wound healing. VEGF-A binds to VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2 and induces wound healing through the receptor's tyrosine kinase (TK) domain. During blood flow recovery and lung regeneration, expression of VEGFR1 is elevated. However, the precise mechanism of wound healing, especially granulation formation on VEGFR1, is not well understood. We hypothesized that VEGFR1-TK signaling induces wound healing by promoting granulation tissue formation. A surgical sponge implantation model was made by implanting a sponge disk into dorsal subcutaneous tissue of mice. Granulation formation was estimated from the weight of the sponge and the granulation area from the immunohistochemical analysis of collagen I. The expression of fibroblast markers was estimated from the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and cellular fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) using real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and from the immunohistochemical analysis of S100A4. VEGFR1 TK knockout (TK-/-) mice exhibited suppressed granulation tissue formation compared to that in wild-type (WT) mice. Expression of FGF-2, TGF-β, and VEGF-A was significantly suppressed in VEGFR1 TK-/- mice, and the accumulation of VEGFR1+ cells in granulation tissue was reduced in VEGFR1 TK-/- mice compared to that in WT mice. The numbers of VEGFR1+ cells and S100A4+ cells derived from bone marrow (BM) were higher in WT mice transplanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic WT BM than in VEGFR1 TK-/- mice transplanted with GFP transgenic VEGFR1 TK-/- BM. These results indicated that VEGFR1-TK signaling induced the accumulation of BM-derived VEGFR1+ cells expressing F4/80 and S100A4 and contributed to granulation formation around the surgically implanted sponge area in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mastui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mariko Kamata
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yamazaki
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Takeda
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Gakubunkan Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Isesaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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Monocyte differentiation and macrophage priming are regulated differentially by pentraxins and their ligands. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:30. [PMID: 28619036 PMCID: PMC5472910 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating bone marrow-derived monocytes can leave the blood, enter a tissue, and differentiate into M1 inflammatory, M2a remodeling/fibrotic, or M2c/Mreg resolving/immune-regulatory macrophages. Macrophages can also convert from one of the above types to another. Pentraxins are secreted proteins that bind to, and promote efficient clearance of, microbial pathogens and cellular debris during infection, inflammation, and tissue damage. The pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid P (SAP), and pentraxin-3 (PTX3) can also bind a variety of endogenous ligands. As monocytes and macrophages are exposed to differing concentrations of pentraxins and their ligands during infection, inflammation, and tissue damage, we assessed what effect pentraxins and their ligands have on these cells. Results We found that many polarization markers do not discriminate between the effects of pentraxins and their ligands on macrophages. However, pentraxins, their ligands, and cytokines differentially regulate the expression of the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex receptor CD163, the sialic acid-binding lectin CD169, and the macrophage mannose receptor CD206. CRP, a pentraxin generally thought of as being pro-inflammatory, increases the extracellular accumulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and this effect is attenuated by GM-CSF, mannose-binding lectin, and factor H. Conclusions These results suggest that the presence of pentraxins and their ligands regulate macrophage differentiation in the blood and tissues, and that CRP may be a potent inducer of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0214-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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20
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Abstract
Human serum amyloid P (hSAP), a member of the pentraxin family, inhibits the activation of fibrocytes in culture and inhibits experimental renal, lung, skin and cardiac fibrosis. As hepatic inflammation is one of the causes of liver fibrosis, in the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of hSAP against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Our data indicated that hSAP attenuated hepatic histopathological abnormalities and significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory factor expression. Moreover, CCl4-induced apoptosis in the mouse liver was inhibited by hSAP, as measured by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and cleaved caspase-3 expression. hSAP significantly restored the expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia (Bcl)-2 and suppressed the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in vivo. The number of hepatocytes in early apoptosis stained with Annexin V was significantly reduced by 28–30% in the hSAP treatment group compared with the CCl4 group, and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased, whereas the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly inhibited in the hSAP pre-treatment group compared with the CCl4 group. hSAP administration also inhibited the migration and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in CCl4-injured liver and suppressed the activation of isolated primary HSCs induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggest that hSAP exerts a protective effect againts CCl4-induced hepatic injury by suppressing the inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis, potentially by inhibiting HSC activation.
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21
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Pleasant-Jenkins D, Reese C, Chinnakkannu P, Kasiganesan H, Tourkina E, Hoffman S, Kuppuswamy D. Reversal of maladaptive fibrosis and compromised ventricular function in the pressure overloaded heart by a caveolin-1 surrogate peptide. J Transl Med 2017; 97:370-382. [PMID: 28112757 PMCID: PMC5909408 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ventricular pressure overload (PO) results in congestive heart failure (CHF) in which myocardial fibrosis develops in concert with ventricular dysfunction. Caveolin-1 is important in fibrosis in various tissues due to its decreased expression in fibroblasts and monocytes. The profibrotic effects of low caveolin-1 can be blocked with the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSD, a caveolin-1 surrogate) using both mouse models and human cells. We have studied the beneficial effects of CSD on mice in which PO was induced by trans-aortic constriction (TAC). Beneficial effects observed in TAC mice receiving CSD injections daily included: improved ventricular function (increased ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiac output; reduced wall thickness); decreased collagen I, collagen chaperone HSP47, fibronectin, and CTGF levels; decreased activation of non-receptor tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src; and decreased activation of eNOS. To determine the source of cells that contribute to fibrosis in CHF, flow cytometric studies were performed that suggested that myofibroblasts in the heart are in large part bone marrow-derived. Two CD45+ cell populations were observed. One (Zone 1) contained CD45+/HSP47-/macrophage marker+ cells (macrophages). The second (Zone 2) contained CD45moderate/HSP47+/macrophage marker- cells often defined as fibrocytes. TAC increased the number of cells in Zones 1 and 2 and the level of HSP47 in Zone 2. These studies are a first step in elucidating the mechanism of action of CSD in heart fibrosis and promoting the development of CSD as a novel treatment to reduce fibrosis and improve ventricular function in CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorea Pleasant-Jenkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Charles Reese
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Harinath Kasiganesan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elena Tourkina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dhandapani Kuppuswamy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Charleston, SC, USA
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22
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Furuya F, Ishii T, Tamura S, Takahashi K, Kobayashi H, Ichijo M, Takizawa S, Kaneshige M, Suzuki-Inoue K, Kitamura K. The ligand-bound thyroid hormone receptor in macrophages ameliorates kidney injury via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43960. [PMID: 28272516 PMCID: PMC5341020 DOI: 10.1038/srep43960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, inflammation plays a pivotal role in the progression of renal fibrosis. Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased occurrence of atherosclerosis and inflammation, suggesting protective roles of thyroid hormones and their receptors against inflammatory processes. The contribution of thyroid hormone receptors to macrophage differentiation has not been well documented. Here, we focused on the endogenous thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) in macrophages and examined the role of ligand-bound TRα in macrophage polarization-mediated anti-inflammatory effects. TRα-deficient irradiated chimeric mice showed exacerbated tubulointerstitial injury in a unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Compared with wild-type macrophages, macrophages isolated from the obstructed kidneys of mice lacking TRα displayed increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines that was accompanied by enhanced nuclear translocation of p65. Comparison of TRα-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages with wild-type macrophages confirmed the propensity of the former cells to produce excessive IL-1β levels. Co-culture of these macrophages with renal epithelial cells induced more severe damage to the epithelial cells via the IL-1 receptor. Our findings indicate that ligand-bound TRα on macrophages plays a protective role in kidney inflammation through the inhibition of NF-κB pathways, possibly by affecting the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance that controls the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Furuya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ishii
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Shogo Tamura
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kobayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Masashi Ichijo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Soichi Takizawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneshige
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kitamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898, Japan
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Lin RJ, Su ZZ, Liang SM, Chen YY, Shu XR, Nie RQ, Wang JF, Xie SL. Role of Circulating Fibrocytes in Cardiac Fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:326-31. [PMID: 26831236 PMCID: PMC4799578 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.174503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is revealed that circulating fibrocytes are elevated in patients/animals with cardiac fibrosis, and this review aims to provide an introduction to circulating fibrocytes and their role in cardiac fibrosis. DATA SOURCES This review is based on the data from 1994 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were "circulating fibrocytes " and "cardiac fibrosis ". STUDY SELECTION Articles and critical reviews, which are related to circulating fibrocytes and cardiac fibrosis, were selected. RESULTS Circulating fibrocytes, which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells, represent a subset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibiting mixed morphological and molecular characteristics of hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells (CD34+/CD45+/collagen I+). They can produce extracellular matrix and many cytokines. It is shown that circulating fibrocytes participate in many fibrotic diseases, including cardiac fibrosis. Evidence accumulated in recent years shows that aging individuals and patients with hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, and atrial fibrillation have more circulating fibrocytes in peripheral blood and/or heart tissue, and this elevation of circulating fibrocytes is correlated with the degree of fibrosis in the hearts. CONCLUSIONS Circulating fibrocytes are effector cells in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuang-Lun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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24
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Relevance of mouse models of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac research. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:123-145. [PMID: 27766529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease causing cardiac cell death due to ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathies are the major cause for congestive heart failure, and thrombosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of myocardial infarction. Cardiac injury is followed by post-injury cardiac remodeling or fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the cardiac interstitium and results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. It has been suggested by both experimental and clinical evidence that fibrotic changes in the heart are reversible. Hence, it is vital to understand the mechanism involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis to design anti-fibrotic treatment modalities. Animal models are of great importance for cardiovascular research studies. With the developing research field, the choice of selecting an animal model for the proposed research study is crucial for its outcome and translational purpose. Compared to large animal models for cardiac research, the mouse model is preferred by many investigators because of genetic manipulations and easier handling. This critical review is focused to provide insight to young researchers about the various mouse models, advantages and disadvantages, and their use in research pertaining to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.
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25
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Trial J, Cieslik KA, Entman ML. Phosphocholine-containing ligands direct CRP induction of M2 macrophage polarization independent of T cell polarization: Implication for chronic inflammatory states. Immun Inflamm Dis 2016; 4:274-88. [PMID: 27621811 PMCID: PMC5004283 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied monocyte transendothelial migration and subsequent polarization into M1/M2 macrophages in response to C-reactive protein (CRP) with two disease-related ligands: (1) phosphocholine (PC) and (2) multilamellar liposomes containing both unoxidized and oxidized forms of the lipid, phosphatidylcholine. These ligands differ in biological origin: PC is present on bacterial cell walls while oxidized lipids are present in atherogenic lipids. METHODS We used an in vitro model of human monocyte transendothelial migration and assessed the polarization of monocytes and T cells and signaling through Fcγ receptors in monocytes. RESULTS CRP without ligands did not promote M2 macrophage differentiation over background levels. However, when paired with either ligand, it increased M2 numbers. M2 differentiation was dependent on IL-13, and in the case of CRP with PC, was associated with a Th2 response. Paradoxically, while CRP with PC initiated a Th2 response, the combination of liposomes with CRP resulted in a Th1 response without any change in Th2 numbers despite association with M2 macrophage polarization. To resolve the conundrum of an anti-inflammatory macrophage response coexisting with a proinflammatory T cell response, we investigated signaling of CRP and its ligands through Fcγ receptors, which leads to macrophage activation independent of T cell signaling. We found that CRP plus PC acted via FcγRI, whereas CRP with liposomes bound to FcγRII. Both were activating signals as evidenced by SYK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION We conclude that CRP with ligands can promote M2 macrophage differentiation to fibroblasts through FcγR activation, and this may result in an anti-inflammatory influence despite a proinflammatory T cell environment caused by oxidized lipids. The potential relationship of this mechanism to chronic inflammatory disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Katarzyna A. Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Mark L. Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
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26
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Verstovsek S, Manshouri T, Pilling D, Bueso-Ramos CE, Newberry KJ, Prijic S, Knez L, Bozinovic K, Harris DM, Spaeth EL, Post SM, Multani AS, Rampal RK, Ahn J, Levine RL, Creighton CJ, Kantarjian HM, Estrov Z. Role of neoplastic monocyte-derived fibrocytes in primary myelofibrosis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1723-40. [PMID: 27481130 PMCID: PMC4995084 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrov and collaborators examine the role of fibrocytes in primary myelofibrosis and propose a novel therapeutic approach. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a fatal neoplastic disease characterized by clonal myeloproliferation and progressive bone marrow (BM) fibrosis thought to be induced by mesenchymal stromal cells stimulated by overproduced growth factors. However, tissue fibrosis in other diseases is associated with monocyte-derived fibrocytes. Therefore, we sought to determine whether fibrocytes play a role in the induction of BM fibrosis in PMF. In this study, we show that BM from patients with PMF harbors an abundance of clonal, neoplastic collagen- and fibronectin-producing fibrocytes. Immunodeficient mice transplanted with myelofibrosis patients’ BM cells developed a lethal myelofibrosis-like phenotype. Treatment of the xenograft mice with the fibrocyte inhibitor serum amyloid P (SAP; pentraxin-2) significantly prolonged survival and slowed the development of BM fibrosis. Collectively, our data suggest that neoplastic fibrocytes contribute to the induction of BM fibrosis in PMF, and inhibiting fibrocyte differentiation with SAP may interfere with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Taghi Manshouri
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77433
| | - Carlos E Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kate J Newberry
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sanja Prijic
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Liza Knez
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ksenija Bozinovic
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Erika L Spaeth
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sean M Post
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Asha S Multani
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Raajit K Rampal
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jihae Ahn
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Gerstner Sloan Kettering School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ross L Levine
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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Stempien-Otero A, Kim DH, Davis J. Molecular networks underlying myofibroblast fate and fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:153-61. [PMID: 27167848 PMCID: PMC5482716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic remodeling is a hallmark of most forms of cardiovascular disease and a strong prognostic indicator of the advancement towards heart failure. Myofibroblasts, which are a heterogeneous cell-type specialized for extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and tissue contraction, are the primary effectors of the heart's fibrotic response. This review is focused on defining myofibroblast physiology, its progenitor cell populations, and the core signaling network that orchestrates myofibroblast differentiation as a way of understanding the basic determinants of fibrotic disease in the heart and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Stempien-Otero
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Serum Amyloid P Contained in Alveolar Fluid From Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mediates the Inhibition of Monocyte Differentiation into Fibrocyte. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:e563-73. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Dong Y, Yang M, Zhang J, Peng X, Cheng J, Cui T, Du J. Depletion of CD8+ T Cells Exacerbates CD4+ T Cell-Induced Monocyte-to-Fibroblast Transition in Renal Fibrosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1874-81. [PMID: 26773152 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived monocyte-to-fibroblast transition is a key step in renal fibrosis pathogenesis, which is regulated by the inflammatory microenvironment. However, the mechanism by which the inflammatory microenvironment regulates this transition is not fully understood. In this study, we examined how the CD8(+) T cell/IFN-γ microenvironment regulates the monocyte-to-fibroblast transition in renal fibrosis. Genetic ablation of CD8 promoted a monocyte-to-fibroblast transition and increased renal interstitial fibrosis, whereas reconstitution of CD8 knockout (KO) mice with CD8(+) T cells decreased fibrosis. However, depletion of CD4(+) T cells in CD8 KO mice also reduced fibrosis. To elucidate the role of CD4(+) T cells in mediating CD8-regulated monocyte-to-fibroblast transition, CD4(+) T cells were isolated from obstructed kidneys of CD8 KO or wild-type mice. CD4(+) T cells isolated from CD8 KO obstructed kidney expressed more IL-4 and GATA3 and less IFN-γ and T-bet and showed increased monocyte-to-fibroblast transition in vitro compared with those isolated from wild-type obstructed kidney. To examine the role of IFN-γ-expressing CD8(+) T cells, we reconstituted CD8 KO mice with CD8(+) T cells isolated from IFN-γ KO mice. The IFN-γ KO CD8(+) cells had no effect on IL-4, GATA3, IFN-γ, and T-bet mRNA expression in obstructed kidneys or renal fibrosis. Taken together, our findings identify the axis of CD8(+) T cells and IFN-γ-CD4(+) T cells as an important microenvironment for the monocyte-to-fibroblast transition, which negatively regulates renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; and
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; and
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; and
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; and
| | - Taigeng Cui
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; and
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30
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Verna EC, Patel J, Bettencourt R, Nguyen P, Hernandez C, Valasek MA, Kisselva T, Brenner DA, Loomba R. Novel association between serum pentraxin-2 levels and advanced fibrosis in well-characterised patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:582-90. [PMID: 26119353 PMCID: PMC7979413 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentraxin-2 (PTX-2), a serum protein, inhibits inflammation and fibrosis, and recombinant PTX-2 is being tested as an anti-fibrotic agent. AIM To evaluate the association between serum PTX-2 levels and fibrosis stage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Serum pentraxin-2 levels were compared between four groups of well-characterised patients including NAFLD with no fibrosis, NAFLD with mild-moderate fibrosis (stage 1-2), NAFLD with advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4), and age-sex matched non-NAFLD controls. RESULTS Sixty subjects were included in the study. The mean age was 58.9 years, 68% were male and 58% were Caucasian. In univariate analysis, serum PTX-2 levels significantly decreased from non-NAFLD controls to mild NAFLD with no fibrosis, to NAFLD with mild-moderate fibrosis and were lowest in patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis, in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0001). In multivariable-adjusted analyses controlling for age, sex, albumin, and CRP, the results remained consistent and statistically significant. Serum PTX-2 level had an AUROC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71-0.97) for the diagnosis of NAFLD, and an AUROC of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65-0.90) for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. Serum PTX-2 levels also decreased with increasing liver stiffness as estimated by magnetic resonance elastography (r = -0.31, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS PTX-2 levels are significantly lower in patients with NAFLD compared to non-NAFLD controls, and decline further in patients with advanced fibrosis. PTX-2 may therefore be both a biomarker of disease and a potential target for anti-fibrotic therapy with the recombinant pentraxin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. C. Verna
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Patel
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R. Bettencourt
- NAFLD Translational Research Unit, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P. Nguyen
- NAFLD Translational Research Unit, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C. Hernandez
- NAFLD Translational Research Unit, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M. A. Valasek
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T. Kisselva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D. A. Brenner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R. Loomba
- NAFLD Translational Research Unit, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Network fingerprint: a knowledge-based characterization of biomedical networks. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13286. [PMID: 26307246 PMCID: PMC4549786 DOI: 10.1038/srep13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It can be difficult for biomedical researchers to understand complex molecular networks due to their unfamiliarity with the mathematical concepts employed. To represent molecular networks with clear meanings and familiar forms for biomedical researchers, we introduce a knowledge-based computational framework to decipher biomedical networks by making systematic comparisons to well-studied “basic networks”. A biomedical network is characterized as a spectrum-like vector called “network fingerprint”, which contains similarities to basic networks. This knowledge-based multidimensional characterization provides a more intuitive way to decipher molecular networks, especially for large-scale network comparisons and clustering analyses. As an example, we extracted network fingerprints of 44 disease networks in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The comparisons among the network fingerprints of disease networks revealed informative disease-disease and disease-signaling pathway associations, illustrating that the network fingerprinting framework will lead to new approaches for better understanding of biomedical networks.
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Xi D, Luo T, Xiong H, Liu J, Lu H, Li M, Hou Y, Guo Z. SAP: structure, function, and its roles in immune-related diseases. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cieslik KA, Trial J, Entman ML. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived inflammatory fibroblasts promote monocyte transition into myeloid fibroblasts via an IL-6-dependent mechanism in the aging mouse heart. FASEB J 2015; 29:3160-70. [PMID: 25888601 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis in the old mouse heart arises partly as a result of aberrant mesenchymal fibroblast activation. We have previously shown that endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the aged heart are markedly resistant to TGF-β signaling. Fibroblasts originating from these MSCs retain their TGF-β unresponsiveness and become inflammatory. In current studies, we found that these inflammatory fibroblasts secreted higher levels of IL-6 (3-fold increase, P < 0.05) when compared with fibroblasts derived from the young hearts. Elevated IL-6 levels in fibroblasts derived from old hearts arose from up-regulated expression of Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 (RasGrf1), a Ras activator (5-fold, P < 0.01). Knockdown of RasGrf1 by gene silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of farnesyltransferase (FTase) or ERK caused reduction of IL-6 mRNA (more than 65%, P < 0.01) and decreased levels of secreted IL-6 (by 44%, P < 0.01). In vitro, IL-6 markedly increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-driven monocyte-to-myeloid fibroblast formation after transendothelial migration (TEM; 3-fold, P < 0.01). In conclusion, abnormal expression of RasGrf1 promoted production of IL-6 by mesenchymal fibroblasts in the old heart. Secreted IL-6 supported conversion of monocyte into myeloid fibroblasts. This process promotes fibrosis and contributes to the diastolic dysfunction in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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34
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Pilling D, Cox N, Vakil V, Verbeek JS, Gomer RH. The long pentraxin PTX3 promotes fibrocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119709. [PMID: 25774777 PMCID: PMC4361553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived, fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes are associated with fibrotic lesions. The plasma protein serum amyloid P component (SAP; also known as pentraxin-2, PTX2) inhibits fibrocyte differentiation in vitro, and injections of SAP inhibit fibrosis in vivo. SAP is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins that includes C-reactive protein (CRP; PTX1) and pentraxin-3 (PTX3). All three pentraxins are associated with fibrosis, but only SAP and CRP have been studied for their effects on fibrocyte differentiation. We find that compared to SAP and CRP, PTX3 promotes human and murine fibrocyte differentiation. The effect of PTX3 is dependent on FcγRI. In competition studies, the fibrocyte-inhibitory activity of SAP is dominant over PTX3. Binding competition studies indicate that SAP and PTX3 bind human FcγRI at different sites. In murine models of lung fibrosis, PTX3 is present in fibrotic areas, and the PTX3 distribution is associated with collagen deposition. In lung tissue from pulmonary fibrosis patients, PTX3 has a widespread distribution, both in unaffected tissue and in fibrotic lesions, whereas SAP is restricted to areas adjacent to vessels, and absent from fibrotic areas. These data suggest that the relative levels of SAP and PTX3 present at sites of fibrosis may have a significant effect on the ability of monocytes to differentiate into fibrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DP); (RHG)
| | - Nehemiah Cox
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Varsha Vakil
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - J. Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DP); (RHG)
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The role of KCa3.1 channels in cardiac fibrosis induced by pressure overload in rats. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2275-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Because the incidence of organ fibrosis increases with age, various fibrosing disorders are projected to account for significant increases in morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs in the years to come. Treatments for these diseases are scarce and better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of fibrosis and its relationship to aging are sorely needed. One area of interest in this field is the role that fibrocytes might play in the development of tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Fibrocytes are mesenchymal progenitor cells presumed to be of monocyte origin that possess the tissue remodeling properties of tissue resident fibroblasts such as extracellular matrix production and α-SMA-related contractile properties, as well as the immunologic functions typically attributed to macrophages including production of cytokines and chemokines, antigen presentation, regulation of leukocyte trafficking, and modulation of angiogenesis. Fibrocytes could participate in the development of age-related fibrosing disorders through any or all of these functions. This chapter presents methods that have been developed for the study of circulating human fibrocytes. Protocols for the quantification of fibrocytes in the human circulation will be presented along with discussion of the technical challenges that are frequently encountered in this field. It is hoped that this information will facilitate further investigation of the relationship between fibrocytes, aging, and fibrosis, and perhaps uncover new areas of study in these difficult-to-treat and deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Hu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 208057, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Erin M DeBiasi
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 208057, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 208057, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Duerrschmid C, Trial J, Wang Y, Entman ML, Haudek SB. Tumor necrosis factor: a mechanistic link between angiotensin-II-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 8:352-61. [PMID: 25550440 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous angiotensin-II infusion induced the uptake of monocytic fibroblast precursors that initiated the development of cardiac fibrosis; these cells and concurrent fibrosis were absent in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). We now investigated their cellular origin and temporal uptake and the involvement of TNFR1 in monocyte-to-fibroblast differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS Within a day, angiotensin-II induced a proinflammatory environment characterized by production of inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and TH1-interleukins and uptake of bone marrow-derived M1 cells. After a week, the cardiac environment changed to profibrotic with growth factor and TH2-interleukin synthesis, uptake of bone marrow-derived M2 cells, and the presence of M2-related fibroblasts. TNFR1 signaling was not necessary for early M1 uptake, but its absence diminished the amount of M2 cells. TNFR1-knockout hearts also showed reduced levels of cytokine expression, but not of TH-related lymphokines. Reconstitution of wild-type bone marrow into TNFR1-knockout mice was sufficient to restore M2 uptake, upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes, and development of fibrosis in response to angiotensin-II. We also developed an in vitro mouse monocyte-to-fibroblast maturation assay that confirmed the essential role of TNFR1 in the sequential progression of monocyte activation and fibroblast formation. CONCLUSIONS Development of cardiac fibrosis in response to angiotensin-II was mediated by myeloid precursors and consisted of 2 stages. A primary M1 inflammatory response was followed by a subsequent M2 fibrotic response. Although the first phase seemed to be independent of TNFR1 signaling, the later phase (and development of fibrosis) was abrogated by deletion of TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Duerrschmid
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - JoAnn Trial
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yanlin Wang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mark L Entman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sandra B Haudek
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.D., J.T., M.L.E., S.B.H.) and Division of Nephrology (Y.W.), Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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The Role of Fibrocytes in Fibrogenic Liver Diseases. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cox N, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Distinct Fcγ receptors mediate the effect of serum amyloid p on neutrophil adhesion and fibrocyte differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1701-8. [PMID: 25024390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The plasma protein serum amyloid P (SAP) reduces neutrophil adhesion, inhibits the differentiation of monocytes into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes, and promotes phagocytosis of cell debris by macrophages. Together, these effects of SAP reduce key aspects of inflammation and fibrosis, and SAP injections improve lung function in pulmonary fibrosis patients. SAP functions are mediated, in part, by FcγRs, but the contribution of each FcγR is not fully understood. We found that aa Q55 and E126 in human SAP affect human fibrocyte differentiation and SAP binding to FcγRI. E126, K130, and Q128 affect neutrophil adhesion and SAP affinity for FcγRIIa. Q128 also affects phagocytosis by macrophages and SAP affinity for FcγRI. All the identified functionally significant amino acids in SAP form a binding site that is distinct from the previously described SAP-FcγRIIa binding site. Blocking FcγRI with an IgG-blocking Ab reduces the SAP effect on fibrocyte differentiation, and ligating FcγRIIa with Abs reduces neutrophil adhesion. Together, these results suggest that SAP binds to FcγRI on monocytes to inhibit fibrocyte differentiation, and binds to FcγRIIa on neutrophils to reduce neutrophil adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Cox
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Cox N, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Serum amyloid P: a systemic regulator of the innate immune response. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:739-43. [PMID: 24804675 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1mr0114-068r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pentraxin SAP reduces neutrophil adhesion to ECM proteins, inhibits the differentiation of monocytes into fibrocytes, attenuates profibrotic macrophages, activates the complement pathway, and promotes phagocytosis of cell debris. Together, these effects of SAP regulate key aspects of inflammation and set a threshold for immune cell activation. Here, we present a review of SAP biology with an emphasis on SAP receptor interactions and how the effect of SAP on monocytes and macrophages has been explored to develop this protein as a therapeutic for renal and lung injuries. We also discuss how there remain many unanswered questions about the role of SAP in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Cox
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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41
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Pilling D, Crawford JR, Verbeek JS, Gomer RH. Inhibition of murine fibrocyte differentiation by cross-linked IgG is dependent on FcγRI. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:275-82. [PMID: 24752483 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ab0913-490rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived, fibroblast-like cells, called fibrocytes, participate in wound-healing and the formation of fibrotic lesions. Aggregated or cross-linked IgG are key effectors in infections, autoimmune diseases, anaphylaxis, and immunotherapy. Cells, including monocytes and fibrocytes, bind IgG using FcγRs, and aggregated or cross-linked IgG inhibits fibrocyte differentiation. Mice have four different FcγRs, and which of these, if any, mediate the cross-linked IgG effect on fibrocyte differentiation is unknown. We find that in mice, deletion of FcγRI or the common signaling protein FcRγ significantly reduces the ability of cross-linked IgG or IgG2a to inhibit fibrocyte differentiation. Cells from FcγRIIb/III/IV KO mice are still sensitive to cross-linked IgG, whereas cells from FcγRI/IIb/III/IV KO mice are insensitive to cross-linked IgG. These observations suggest that IgG-mediated inhibition of fibrocyte differentiation is mediated by FcγRs, with FcγRI mediating most of the signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Crawford
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA; and
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Rosin NL, Gareau AJ, Betsch D, Falkenham A, Sopel MJ, Lee TD, Légaré JF. Antibody therapy can enhance AngiotensinII-induced myocardial fibrosis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:6. [PMID: 24721281 PMCID: PMC4021636 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological process that is characterized by disrupted regulation of extracellular matrix proteins resulting in permanent scarring of the heart tissue and eventual diastolic heart failure. Pro-fibrotic molecules including transforming growth factor-β and connective tissue growth factor are expressed early in the AngiotensinII (AngII)-induced and other models of myocardial fibrosis. As such, antibody-based therapies against these and other targets are currently under development. Results In the present study, C57Bl/6 mice were subcutaneously implanted with a mini-osmotic pump containing either AngII (2.0 μg/kg/min) or saline control for 3 days in combination with mIgG (1 mg/kg/d) injected through the tail vein. Fibrosis was assessed after picosirius red staining of myocardial cross-sections and was significantly increased after AngII exposure compared to saline control (11.37 ± 1.41%, 4.94 ± 1.15%; P <0.05). Non-specific mIgG treatment (1 mg/kg/d) significantly increased the amount of fibrosis (26.34 ± 3.03%; P <0.01). However, when AngII exposed animals were treated with a Fab fragment of the mIgG or mIgM, this exacerbation of fibrosis was no longer observed (14.49 ± 2.23%; not significantly different from AngII alone). Conclusions These data suggest that myocardial fibrosis was increased by the addition of exogenous non-specific antibodies in an Fc-mediated manner. These findings could have substantial impact on the future experimental design of antibody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Rosin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alison J Gareau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Devin Betsch
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alec Falkenham
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mryanda J Sopel
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timothy Dg Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Légaré
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ; Department of Surgery, New Halifax Infirmary, 1796 Summer St., Room 2269, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada
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Pilling D, Gomer RH. Persistent lung inflammation and fibrosis in serum amyloid P component (APCs-/-) knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93730. [PMID: 24695531 PMCID: PMC3973556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, myelofibrosis, liver fibrosis, and renal fibrosis are chronic and debilitating conditions and are an increasing burden for the healthcare system. Fibrosis involves the accumulation and differentiation of many immune cells, including macrophages and fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes. The plasma protein serum amyloid P component (SAP; also known as pentraxin-2, PTX2) inhibits fibrocyte differentiation in vitro, and injections of SAP inhibit fibrosis in vivo. SAP also promotes the formation of immuno-regulatory Mreg macrophages. To elucidate the endogenous function of SAP, we used bleomycin aspiration to induce pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice lacking SAP. Compared to wildtype C57BL/6 mice, we find that in Apcs-/- “SAP knock-out” mice, bleomycin induces a more persistent inflammatory response and increased fibrosis. In both C57BL/6 and Apcs-/- mice, injections of exogenous SAP reduce the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages and prevent fibrosis. The types of inflammatory cells present in the lungs following bleomycin-aspiration appear similar between C57BL/6 and Apcs-/- mice, suggesting that the initial immune response is normal in the Apcs-/- mice, and that a key endogenous function of SAP is to promote the resolution of inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DP); (RHG)
| | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DP); (RHG)
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Cieslik KA, Trial J, Crawford JR, Taffet GE, Entman ML. Adverse fibrosis in the aging heart depends on signaling between myeloid and mesenchymal cells; role of inflammatory fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 70:56-63. [PMID: 24184998 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been associated with adverse fibrosis. Here we formulate a new hypothesis and present new evidence that unresponsiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and fibroblasts to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), due to reduced expression of TGF-β receptor I (TβRI), provides a foundation for cardiac fibrosis in the aging heart via two mechanisms. 1) TGF-β promotes expression of Nanog, a transcription factor that retains MSC in a primitive state. In MSC derived from the aging heart, Nanog expression is reduced and therefore MSC gradually differentiate and the number of mesenchymal fibroblasts expressing collagen increases. 2) As TGF-β signaling pathway components negatively regulate transcription of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a reduced expression of TβRI prevents aging mesenchymal cells from shutting down their own MCP-1 expression. Elevated MCP-1 levels that originated from MSC attract transendothelial migration of mononuclear leukocytes from blood to the tissue. MCP-1 expressed by mesenchymal fibroblasts promotes further migration of monocytes and T lymphocytes away from the endothelial barrier and supports the monocyte transition into macrophages and finally into myeloid fibroblasts. Both myeloid and mesenchymal fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis in the aging heart via collagen synthesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium ".
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Crawford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George E Taffet
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences and the DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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CCR2 regulates the uptake of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in renal fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77493. [PMID: 24130892 PMCID: PMC3795063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that bone marrow-derived fibroblasts contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts into the kidney are incompletely understood. Bone marrow-derived fibroblasts express the chemokine receptor--CCR2. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CCR2 participates in the recruitment of fibroblasts into the kidney during the development of renal fibrosis. Bone marrow-derived collagen-expressing GFP⁺ fibroblasts were detected in the obstructed kidneys of chimeric mice transplanted with donor bone marrow from collagen α1(I)-GFP reporter mice. These bone marrow-derived fibroblasts expressed PDGFR-β and CCR2. CCR2 knockout mice accumulated significantly fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors expressing the hematopoietic marker-CD45 and the mesenchymal markers-PDGFR-β or procollagen I in the obstructed kidneys compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, CCR2 knockout mice displayed fewer bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts and expressed less α-SMA or FSP-1 in the obstructed kidneys compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with these findings, genetic deletion of CCR2 inhibited total collagen deposition and suppressed expression of collagen I and fibronectin. Moreover, genetic deletion of CCR2 inhibits MCP-1 and CXCL16 gene expression associated with a reduction of inflammatory cytokine expression and macrophage infiltration, suggesting a linear interaction between two chemokines/ligand receptors in tubular epithelial cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CCR2 signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through regulation of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts. These data suggest that inhibition of CCR2 signaling could constitute a novel therapeutic approach for fibrotic kidney disease.
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46
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Trial J, Cieslik KA, Haudek SB, Duerrschmid C, Entman ML. Th1/M1 conversion to th2/m2 responses in models of inflammation lacking cell death stimulates maturation of monocyte precursors to fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2013; 4:287. [PMID: 24065967 PMCID: PMC3776235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that cardiac fibrosis arises from the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibroblasts. We present here evidence that this process requires sequential Th1 and Th2 induction promoting analogous M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) macrophage polarity. Our models are: (1) mice subjected to daily repetitive ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) without infarction and (2) the in vitro transmigration of human mononuclear leukocytes through human cardiac microvascular endothelium. In the mouse heart, leukocytes entered after I/R in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which is the major cytokine induced by this protocol. Monocytes within the heart then differentiated into fibroblasts making collagen while bearing the markers of M2 macrophages. T cells were seen in these hearts as well as in the human heart with cardiomyopathy. In the in vitro model, transmigration of the leukocytes was likewise induced by MCP-1 and some monocytes matured into fibroblasts bearing M2 markers. In this model, the MCP-1 stimulus induced a transient Th1 and M1 response that developed into a predominantly Th2 and M2 response. An increase in the Th2 product IL-13 was present in both the human and the mouse models, consistent with its known role in fibrosis. In these simplified models, in which there is no cell death to stimulate an anti-inflammatory response, there is nonetheless a resolution of inflammation enabling a profibrotic environment. This induces the maturation of monocyte precursors into fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA ; Houston Methodist , Houston, TX , USA
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Du Clos TW. Pentraxins: structure, function, and role in inflammation. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:379040. [PMID: 24167754 PMCID: PMC3791837 DOI: 10.1155/2013/379040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The pentraxins are an ancient family of proteins with a unique architecture found as far back in evolution as the Horseshoe crab. In humans the two members of this family are C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P. Pentraxins are defined by their sequence homology, their pentameric structure and their calcium-dependent binding to their ligands. Pentraxins function as soluble pattern recognition molecules and one of the earliest and most important roles for these proteins is host defense primarily against pathogenic bacteria. They function as opsonins for pathogens through activation of the complement pathway and through binding to Fc gamma receptors. Pentraxins also recognize membrane phospholipids and nuclear components exposed on or released by damaged cells. CRP has a specific interaction with small nuclear ribonucleoproteins whereas SAP is a major recognition molecule for DNA, two nuclear autoantigens. Studies in autoimmune and inflammatory disease models suggest that pentraxins interact with macrophage Fc receptors to regulate the inflammatory response. Because CRP is a strong acute phase reactant it is widely used as a marker of inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W. Du Clos
- The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service 151, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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Yang J, Lin SC, Chen G, He L, Hu Z, Chan L, Trial J, Entman ML, Wang Y. Adiponectin promotes monocyte-to-fibroblast transition in renal fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1644-59. [PMID: 23833260 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived fibroblasts may contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through the excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix. However, the mechanisms underlying the accumulation and activation of these fibroblasts are not understood. Here, we used a mouse model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis to determine whether adiponectin, which is elevated in CKD and is associated with disease progression, regulates monocyte-to-fibroblast transition and fibroblast activation in injured kidneys. In wild-type mice, the expression of adiponectin and the number of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the kidney increased after renal obstruction. In contrast, the obstructed kidneys of adiponectin-knockout mice had fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts. Adiponectin deficiency also led to a reduction in the number of myofibroblasts, the expression of profibrotic chemokines and cytokines, and the number of procollagen-expressing M2 macrophages in injured kidneys. Consistent with these findings, adiponectin-deficiency reduced the expression of collagen I and fibronectin. Similar results were observed in wild-type and adiponectin-knockout mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In cultured bone marrow-derived monocytes, adiponectin stimulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and extracellular matrix proteins and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, specific activation of AMPK increased the expression of α-SMA and extracellular matrix proteins, while inhibition of AMPK attenuated these responses. Taken together, these findings identify adiponectin as a critical regulator of monocyte-to-fibroblast transition and renal fibrosis, suggesting that inhibition of adiponectin/AMPK signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target for fibrotic kidney disease.
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Duerrschmid C, Crawford JR, Reineke E, Taffet GE, Trial J, Entman ML, Haudek SB. TNF receptor 1 signaling is critically involved in mediating angiotensin-II-induced cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 57:59-67. [PMID: 23337087 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) is associated with many conditions involving heart failure and pathologic hypertrophy. Ang-II induces the synthesis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 that mediates the uptake of CD34(+)CD45(+) monocytic cells into the heart. These precursor cells differentiate into collagen-producing fibroblasts and are responsible for the Ang-II-induced development of non-adaptive cardiac fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro, using a human monocyte-to-fibroblast differentiation model, Ang-II required the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) to induce fibroblast maturation from monocytes. In vivo, mice deficient in both TNF receptors did not develop cardiac fibrosis in response to 1week Ang-II infusion. We then subjected mice deficient in either TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1-KO) or TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2-KO) to continuous Ang-II infusion. Compared to wild-type, in TNFR1-KO, but not in TNFR2-KO hearts, collagen deposition was greatly attenuated, and markedly fewer CD34(+)CD45(+) cells were present. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated a striking reduction of key fibrosis-related, as well as inflammation-related mRNA expression in Ang-II-treated TNFR1-KO hearts. TNFR1-KO animals also developed less cardiac remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, and hypertension compared to wild-type and TNFR2-KO in response to Ang-II. Our data suggest that TNF induced Ang-II-dependent cardiac fibrosis by signaling through TNFR1, which enhances the generation of monocytic fibroblast precursors in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Duerrschmid
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
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50
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Yang J, Chen J, Yan J, Zhang L, Chen G, He L, Wang Y. Effect of interleukin 6 deficiency on renal interstitial fibrosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52415. [PMID: 23272241 PMCID: PMC3525542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies have shown that bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment and activation of bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors are incompletely understood. We found that interleukin 6 was induced in the kidney in a murine model of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Therefore, we investigated if interleukin 6 play a role in the recruitment and maturation of bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors in the kidney during the development of renal fibrosis. Wild-type and interleukin 6 knockout mice were subjected to unilateral obstructive injury for up to two weeks. Interleukin 6 knockout mice accumulated similar number of bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors and myofibroblasts in the kidney in response to obstructive injury compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, IL-6 knockout mice expressed comparable α-SMA in the obstructed kidney compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, targeted disruption of Interleukin 6 did not affect gene expression of profibrotic chemokine and cytokines in the obstructed kidney. Finally, there were no significant differences in renal interstitial fibrosis or expression of extracellular matrix proteins between wild-type and interleukin 6 knockout mice following obstructive injury. Our results indicate that interleukin 6 does not play a significant role in the recruitment of bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors and the development of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jingyin Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liping Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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