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Shukla K, Idanwekhai K, Naradikian M, Ting S, Schoenberger SP, Brunk E. Machine Learning of Three-Dimensional Protein Structures to Predict the Functional Impacts of Genome Variation. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5328-5343. [PMID: 38635316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Research in the human genome sciences generates a substantial amount of genetic data for hundreds of thousands of individuals, which concomitantly increases the number of variants of unknown significance (VUS). Bioinformatic analyses can successfully reveal rare variants and variants with clear associations with disease-related phenotypes. These studies have had a significant impact on how clinical genetic screens are interpreted and how patients are stratified for treatment. There are few, if any, computational methods for variants comparable to biological activity predictions. To address this gap, we developed a machine learning method that uses protein three-dimensional structures from AlphaFold to predict how a variant will influence changes to a gene's downstream biological pathways. We trained state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers to predict which protein regions will most likely impact transcriptional activities of two proto-oncogenes, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2L2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) and c-Myc. We have identified classifiers that attain accuracies higher than 80%, which have allowed us to identify a set of key protein regions that lead to significant perturbations in c-Myc or NRF2 transcriptional pathway activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Kelvin Idanwekhai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Martin Naradikian
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephanie Ting
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth Brunk
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences (IBGS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
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2
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Krenz B, Lee J, Kannan T, Eilers M. Immune evasion: An imperative and consequence of MYC deregulation. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38957016 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
MYC has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of human tumors and has been described for many years as a transcription factor that regulates genes with pleiotropic functions to promote tumorigenic growth. However, despite extensive efforts to identify specific target genes of MYC that alone could be responsible for promoting tumorigenesis, the field is yet to reach a consensus whether this is the crucial function of MYC. Recent work shifts the view on MYC's function from being a gene-specific transcription factor to an essential stress resilience factor. In highly proliferating cells, MYC preserves cell integrity by promoting DNA repair at core promoters, protecting stalled replication forks, and/or preventing transcription-replication conflicts. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence demonstrates that MYC not only promotes tumorigenesis by driving cell-autonomous growth, but also enables tumors to evade the host's immune system. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how MYC impairs antitumor immunity and why this function is evolutionarily hard-wired to the biology of the MYC protein family. We show why the cell-autonomous and immune evasive functions of MYC are mutually dependent and discuss ways to target MYC proteins in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Krenz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jongkuen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Toshitha Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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4
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Kazimierska M, Podralska M, Żurawek M, Woźniak T, Kasprzyk ME, Sura W, Łosiewski W, Ziółkowska‐Suchanek I, Kluiver J, van den Berg A, Rozwadowska N, Dzikiewicz‐Krawczyk A. CRISPR/Cas9 screen for genome-wide interrogation of essential MYC-bound E-boxes in cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2295-2313. [PMID: 37519063 PMCID: PMC10620128 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is a proto-oncogene with a well-documented essential role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of several types of cancer. MYC binds to specific E-box sequences in the genome to regulate gene expression in a cell-type- and developmental-stage-specific manner. To date, a combined analysis of essential MYC-bound E-boxes and their downstream target genes important for growth of different types of cancer is missing. In this study, we designed a CRISPR/Cas9 library to destroy E-box sequences in a genome-wide fashion. In parallel, we used the Brunello library to knock out protein-coding genes. We performed high-throughput screens with these libraries in four MYC-dependent cancer cell lines-K562, ST486, HepG2, and MCF7-which revealed several essential E-boxes and genes. Among them, we pinpointed crucial common and cell-type-specific MYC-regulated genes involved in pathways associated with cancer development. Extensive validation of our approach confirmed that E-box disruption affects MYC binding, target-gene expression, and cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Our unique, well-validated tool opens new possibilities to gain novel insights into MYC-dependent vulnerabilities in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kazimierska
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Marta Podralska
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | | | - Tomasz Woźniak
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | | | - Weronika Sura
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznańPoland
| | | | | | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenThe Netherlands
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5
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An in vitro carcinogenesis model for cervical cancer harboring episomal form of HPV16. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281069. [PMID: 36763589 PMCID: PMC9916646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expression of viral E6 and E7 genes often caused by viral genome integration of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) into host DNA and additional host genetic alterations are thought to be required for the development of cervical cancer. However, approximately 15% of invasive cervical cancer specimens contain only episomal HPV genomes. In this study, we investigated the tumorigenic potential of human cervical keratinocytes harboring only the episomal form of HPV16 (HCK1T/16epi). We found that the HPV16 episomal form is sufficient for promoting cell proliferation and colony formation of parental HCK1T cells. Ectopic expression of host oncogenes, MYC and PIK3CAE545K, enhanced clonogenic growth of both early- and late-passage HCK1T/16epi cells, but conferred tumor-initiating ability only to late-passage HCK1T/16epi cells. Interestingly, the expression levels of E6 and E7 were rather lower in late-passage than in early-passage cells. Moreover, additional introduction of a constitutively active MEK1 (MEK1DD) and/or KRASG12V into HCK1T/16epi cells resulted in generation of highly potent tumor-initiating cells. Thus an in vitro model for progression of cervical neoplasia with episomal HPV16 was established. In the model, constitutively active mutation of PIK3CA, PIK3CAE545K, and overexpression of MYC, in the cells with episomal HPV16 genome were not sufficient, but an additional event such as activation of the RAS-MEK pathway was required for progression to tumorigenicity.
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6
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Graziani V, Garcia AR, Alcolado LS, Le Guennec A, Henriksson MA, Conte MR. Metabolic rewiring in MYC-driven medulloblastoma by BET-bromodomain inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1273. [PMID: 36690651 PMCID: PMC9870962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. High-risk MB patients harbouring MYC amplification or overexpression exhibit a very poor prognosis. Aberrant activation of MYC markedly reprograms cell metabolism to sustain tumorigenesis, yet how metabolism is dysregulated in MYC-driven MB is not well understood. Growing evidence unveiled the potential of BET-bromodomain inhibitors (BETis) as next generation agents for treating MYC-driven MB, but whether and how BETis may affect tumour cell metabolism to exert their anticancer activities remains unknown. In this study, we explore the metabolic features characterising MYC-driven MB and examine how these are altered by BET-bromodomain inhibition. To this end, we employed an NMR-based metabolomics approach applied to the MYC-driven MB D283 and D458 cell lines before and after the treatment with the BETi OTX-015. We found that OTX-015 triggers a metabolic shift in both cell lines resulting in increased levels of myo-inositol, glycerophosphocholine, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, glycine, serine, pantothenate and phosphocholine. Moreover, we show that OTX-015 alters ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signalling system, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathways in both cell lines. These insights provide a metabolic characterisation of MYC-driven childhood MB cell lines, which could pave the way for the discovery of novel druggable pathways. Importantly, these findings will also contribute to understand the downstream effects of BETis on MYC-driven MB, potentially aiding the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Graziani
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Aida Rodriguez Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lourdes Sainero Alcolado
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrien Le Guennec
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marie Arsenian Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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7
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Kuzuoglu-Ozturk D, Aksoy O, Schmidt C, Lea R, Larson JD, Phelps RRL, Nasholm N, Holt M, Contreras A, Huang M, Wong-Michalak S, Shao H, Wechsler-Reya R, Phillips JJ, Gestwicki JE, Ruggero D, Weiss WA. N-myc-Mediated Translation Control Is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:130-140. [PMID: 36264168 PMCID: PMC9812901 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of neuroblastoma-derived myc (N-myc) is a leading cause of malignant brain tumors in children. To target N-myc-driven medulloblastoma, most research has focused on identifying genomic alterations or on the analysis of the medulloblastoma transcriptome. Here, we have broadly characterized the translatome of medulloblastoma and shown that N-myc unexpectedly drives selective translation of transcripts that promote protein homeostasis. Cancer cells are constantly exposed to proteotoxic stress associated with alterations in protein production or folding. It remains poorly understood how cancers cope with proteotoxic stress to promote their growth. Here, our data revealed that N-myc regulates the expression of specific components (∼5%) of the protein folding machinery at the translational level through the major cap binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E. Reducing eIF4E levels in mouse models of medulloblastoma blocked tumorigenesis. Importantly, targeting Hsp70, a protein folding chaperone translationally regulated by N-myc, suppressed tumor growth in mouse and human medulloblastoma xenograft models. These findings reveal a previously hidden molecular program that promotes medulloblastoma formation and identify new therapies that may have impact in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE Translatome analysis in medulloblastoma shows that N-myc drives selective translation of transcripts that promote protein homeostasis and that represent new therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kuzuoglu-Ozturk
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ozlem Aksoy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christin Schmidt
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robin Lea
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Larson
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan R L Phelps
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nicole Nasholm
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Megan Holt
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Adrian Contreras
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Miller Huang
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shannon Wong-Michalak
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisca, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William A Weiss
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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8
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Kumar R, Mishra A, Gautam P, Feroz Z, Vijayaraghavalu S, Likos EM, Shukla GC, Kumar M. Metabolic Pathways, Enzymes, and Metabolites: Opportunities in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5268. [PMID: 36358687 PMCID: PMC9656396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cells to proliferate and produce tumor biomass under a nutrient-deficient microenvironment and the stress of metabolic waste. A cancer cell adeptly undergoes a variety of adaptations in metabolic pathways and differential expression of metabolic enzyme genes. Metabolic adaptation is mainly determined by the physiological demands of the cancer cell of origin and the host tissue. Numerous metabolic regulators that assist cancer cell proliferation include uncontrolled anabolism/catabolism of glucose metabolism, fatty acids, amino acids metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, tumor suppressor genes, microRNAs, and many regulatory enzymes and genes. Using this paradigm, we review the current understanding of metabolic reprogramming in tumors and discuss the new strategies of cancer metabolomics that can be tapped into for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, UP, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, UP, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, UP, India
| | - Zainab Feroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, UP, India
| | | | - Eviania M. Likos
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Girish C. Shukla
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, UP, India
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9
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Yanchus C, Drucker KL, Kollmeyer TM, Tsai R, Winick-Ng W, Liang M, Malik A, Pawling J, De Lorenzo SB, Ali A, Decker PA, Kosel ML, Panda A, Al-Zahrani KN, Jiang L, Browning JWL, Lowden C, Geuenich M, Hernandez JJ, Gosio JT, Ahmed M, Loganathan SK, Berman J, Trcka D, Michealraj KA, Fortin J, Carson B, Hollingsworth EW, Jacinto S, Mazrooei P, Zhou L, Elia A, Lupien M, He HH, Murphy DJ, Wang L, Abyzov A, Dennis JW, Maass PG, Campbell K, Wilson MD, Lachance DH, Wrensch M, Wiencke J, Mak T, Pennacchio LA, Dickel DE, Visel A, Wrana J, Taylor MD, Zadeh G, Dirks P, Eckel-Passow JE, Attisano L, Pombo A, Ida CM, Kvon EZ, Jenkins RB, Schramek D. A noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism at 8q24 drives IDH1-mutant glioma formation. Science 2022; 378:68-78. [PMID: 36201590 PMCID: PMC9926876 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Establishing causal links between inherited polymorphisms and cancer risk is challenging. Here, we focus on the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs55705857, which confers a sixfold greater risk of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant low-grade glioma (LGG). We reveal that rs55705857 itself is the causal variant and is associated with molecular pathways that drive LGG. Mechanistically, we show that rs55705857 resides within a brain-specific enhancer, where the risk allele disrupts OCT2/4 binding, allowing increased interaction with the Myc promoter and increased Myc expression. Mutating the orthologous mouse rs55705857 locus accelerated tumor development in an Idh1R132H-driven LGG mouse model from 472 to 172 days and increased penetrance from 30% to 75%. Our work reveals mechanisms of the heritable predisposition to lethal glioma in ~40% of LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Yanchus
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kristen L. Drucker
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas M. Kollmeyer
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ricky Tsai
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Warren Winick-Ng
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Minggao Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ahmad Malik
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Judy Pawling
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Silvana B. De Lorenzo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Asma Ali
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul A. Decker
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matt L. Kosel
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Arijit Panda
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Khalid N. Al-Zahrani
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jared W. L. Browning
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Chris Lowden
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Michael Geuenich
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - J. Javier Hernandez
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jessica T. Gosio
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Sampath Kumar Loganathan
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jacob Berman
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel Trcka
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | | | - Jerome Fortin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Brittany Carson
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ethan W. Hollingsworth
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Sandra Jacinto
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Parisa Mazrooei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lily Zhou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Andrew Elia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Liguo Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexej Abyzov
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James W. Dennis
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Philipp G. Maass
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kieran Campbell
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Daniel H. Lachance
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tak Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Len A. Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Diane E. Dickel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wrana
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ana Pombo
- Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, 13092 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristiane M. Ida
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Evgeny Z. Kvon
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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10
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Javid H, Hashemian P, Yazdani S, Sharbaf Mashhad A, Karimi-Shahri M. The role of heat shock proteins in metastatic colorectal cancer: A review. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1704-1735. [PMID: 36063530 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large molecular chaperone family classified by their molecular weights, including HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP110. HSPs are likely to have antiapoptotic properties and participate actively in various processes such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastases, and death. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the functions of HSPs associated with the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis and resistance to cancer therapy. Taken together, HSPs have numerous clinical applications as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and potential therapeutic targets for CRC and its related metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Javid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pedram Hashemian
- Jahad Daneshgahi Research Committee, Jahad Daneshgahi Institute, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Yazdani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharbaf Mashhad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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11
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Radiosensitizing Effect of Celastrol by Inhibiting G2/M Phase Arrest Induced by the c-myc Gene of Human SW1353 Chondrosarcoma Cells: Network and Experimental Analyses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1948657. [PMID: 35141331 PMCID: PMC8820907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1948657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Studies have unveiled that the components of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) such as celastrol could attenuate apoptosis and proliferation of various tumor cells. This study is focused on the radiosensitization effect and apoptotic pathways of celastrol via the inhibition of the c-myc gene and the influence of which combined with radiotherapy on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of chondrosarcoma cells. Methods A variety of bioinformatic tools were applied to explore the expression level and prognosis of the c-myc gene in different tumor cells and chondrosarcoma cells. We used pharmacology network to analyze the components, pathways, targets, molecular functions of TWHF and explore the relevant effective components over the MYC gene. Clone formation assay, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transwell migration assay were applied to detect the effects of celastrol on the expression of c-myc gene, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. Radiation therapy was used to observe the radiosensitization effect of celastrol on chondrosarcoma. Results This study shows that the c-myc gene is overexpressed in various tumor cells and bone tumor cells to varying degrees. Celastrol can significantly inhibit the expression of the c-myc gene, induce G2/M phase arrest through regulation of G2/M phase-related proteins, and promote SW1353 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial signaling pathway. In addition, we also found that the use of triptorubin to inhibit c-myc gene expression in combination with radiotherapy can increase the osteosarcoma cells' apoptosis rate through the mitochondrial signaling pathway significantly. Conclusions Our study validated the radiosensitization effect of celastrol through knocking down the expression of the c-myc gene to induce G2/M phase arrest and provides a new idea for the treatment of refractory or recurrent chondrosarcoma that is not sensitive to radiotherapy.
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12
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Huang M, Dong Y, Sun G, Yu Y. Circ-Sirt1 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation via the c-Myc/cyclin B1 axis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:628-636. [PMID: 34989469 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)are an important cellular component of vascular wall. Restenosis is mainly due to VSMC excessive proliferation. However, little is known about the role of circRNAs in VSMC proliferation and phenotypic switching. Herein, using FISH assay and RT-qPCR, we found that circ-Sirt1 was markedly downregulated in neointimal formation after injury and in VSMCs treated with PDGF-BB. BrdU and MTT assays confirmed the inhibitory role of circ-Sirt1 on cell proliferation. Mechanistically, circ-Sirt1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of VSMCs. Through RIP and RNA pull-down assays, we found that circ-Sirt1 bound c-Myc, protein associated with proliferation of VSMCs. ChIP assay also provided evidence that the overexpression of circ-Sirt1 almost ceased PDGF-BB-induced binding of c-Myc to the promoter of cyclin B1 in VSMCs. These results indicated that circ-Sirt1 had an inhibitory effect on c-Myc activity, providing a mechanism for suppressing PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation by direct interactions with c-Myc and its sequestration in the cytoplasm. Overall, our study demonstrated that a previously unrecognized circ-Sirt1/c-Myc/cyclin B1 axis in VSMCs mediates neointimal formation following injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Huang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Dong
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guangbin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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13
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Croucher DC, Richards LM, Tsofack SP, Waller D, Li Z, Wei EN, Huang XF, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, Sebag M, Pugh TJ, Trudel S. Longitudinal single-cell analysis of a myeloma mouse model identifies subclonal molecular programs associated with progression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6322. [PMID: 34732728 PMCID: PMC8566524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular programs that underlie precursor progression in multiple myeloma are incompletely understood. Here, we report a disease spectrum-spanning, single-cell analysis of the Vκ*MYC myeloma mouse model. Using samples obtained from mice with serologically undetectable disease, we identify malignant cells as early as 30 weeks of age and show that these tumours contain subclonal copy number variations that persist throughout progression. We detect intratumoural heterogeneity driven by transcriptional variability during active disease and show that subclonal expression programs are enriched at different times throughout early disease. We then show how one subclonal program related to GCN2 stress response is progressively activated during progression in myeloma patients. Finally, we use chemical and genetic perturbation of GCN2 in vitro to support this pathway as a therapeutic target in myeloma. These findings therefore present a model of precursor progression in Vκ*MYC mice, nominate an adaptive mechanism important for myeloma survival, and highlight the need for single-cell analyses to understand the biological underpinnings of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Croucher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Richards
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Serges P Tsofack
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Waller
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhihua Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ellen Nong Wei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xian Fang Huang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marta Chesi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Sebag
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Suzanne Trudel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Ghasemishahrestani Z, Melo Mattos LM, Tilli TM, Santos ALSD, Pereira MD. Pieces of the Complex Puzzle of Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism: An Overview of Energy Metabolism and Alternatives for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3514-3534. [PMID: 32814521 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819123357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, several advances in cancer cell biology have led to relevant details about a phenomenon called the 'Warburg effect'. Currently, it has been accepted that the Warburg effect is not compatible with all cancer cells, and thus the process of aerobic glycolysis is now challenged by the knowledge of a large number of cells presenting mitochondrial function. The energy metabolism of cancer cells is focused on the bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways in order to meet the requirements of rapid proliferation. Changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids have already been reported for cancer cells and this might play an important role in cancer progression. To the best of our knowledge, these changes are mainly attributed to genetic reprogramming which leads to the transformation of a healthy into a cancerous cell. Indeed, several enzymes that are highly relevant for cellular energy are targets of oncogenes (e.g. PI3K, HIF1, and Myc) and tumor suppressor proteins (e.g. p53). As a consequence of extensive studies on cancer cell metabolism, some new therapeutic strategies have appeared that aim to interrupt the aberrant metabolism, in addition to influencing genetic reprogramming in cancer cells. In this review, we present an overview of cancer cell metabolism (carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid), and also describe oncogenes and tumor suppressors that directly affect the metabolism. We also discuss some of the potential therapeutic candidates which have been designed to target and disrupt the main driving forces associated with cancer cell metabolism and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghasemishahrestani
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maura Melo Mattos
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Martins Tilli
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnologico em Saude, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dias Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Bahrami F, Mekkawy AH, Badar S, Morris DL, Pourgholami MH. Monepantel antitumor activity is mediated through inhibition of major cell cycle and tumor growth signaling pathways. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3098-3110. [PMID: 34249447 PMCID: PMC8263694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In women, epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynaecological malignancy-related deaths. Development of resistance to standard platinum and taxane based chemotherapy and recurrence of the disease necessitate development of novel drugs to halt disease progression. An established concept is to target molecular and signaling pathways that substantially contribute to development of drug resistance and disease progression. We have previously shown that, monepantel (MPL) a novel small molecule acetonitrile derivative is highly effective in suppressing growth, proliferation and colony formation of ovarian cancer cells. These effects are achieved through inhibition of the mTOR/p70S6K pathway in cancer cells. The present study was conducted to find in vivo corroboration and explore the effect of MPL om other growth stimulating putative signaling pathways. Here, female nude mice with subcutaneous OVCAR-3 xenografts were treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg doses of MPL administered (IP) three times weekly for 2 weeks. At the doses employed, MPL was modestly effective at suppressing tumor growth, but highly effective in inhibiting, mTOR, P70S6K and 4EBP1. There were also modest reductions in tumor cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma protein expression. Furthermore, it was found that MPL treatment causes down-regulation of IGF-1R, and c-MYC thus unveiling new dimensions to the growing antitumor actions of this potential anticancer drug. MPL treatment led to reduced tumor volume and weights without causing any detectable side effects. Coupled with the recent human safety data published on this molecule, expanded future trials are highly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Bahrami
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital SydneyAustralia
| | - Ahmed H Mekkawy
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital SydneyAustralia
| | - Samina Badar
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital SydneyAustralia
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital SydneyAustralia
| | - Mohammad H Pourgholami
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital SydneyAustralia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehran, Iran
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17
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Cho S, Lee G, Pickering BF, Jang C, Park JH, He L, Mathur L, Kim SS, Jung S, Tang HW, Monette S, Rabinowitz JD, Perrimon N, Jaffrey SR, Blenis J. mTORC1 promotes cell growth via m 6A-dependent mRNA degradation. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2064-2075.e8. [PMID: 33756105 PMCID: PMC8356906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated mTORC1 signaling alters a wide range of cellular processes, contributing to metabolic disorders and cancer. Defining the molecular details of downstream effectors is thus critical for uncovering selective therapeutic targets. We report that mTORC1 and its downstream kinase S6K enhance eIF4A/4B-mediated translation of Wilms' tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), an adaptor for the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase complex. This regulation is mediated by 5' UTR of WTAP mRNA that is targeted by eIF4A/4B. Single-nucleotide-resolution m6A mapping revealed that MAX dimerization protein 2 (MXD2) mRNA contains m6A, and increased m6A modification enhances its degradation. WTAP induces cMyc-MAX association by suppressing MXD2 expression, which promotes cMyc transcriptional activity and proliferation of mTORC1-activated cancer cells. These results elucidate a mechanism whereby mTORC1 stimulates oncogenic signaling via m6A RNA modification and illuminates the WTAP-MXD2-cMyc axis as a potential therapeutic target for mTORC1-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Brian F Pickering
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jin H Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Long He
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lavina Mathur
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Soo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Tang
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John Blenis
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Li Y, Wang Y, Li J, Ling Z, Chen W, Zhang L, Hu Q, Wu T, Cheng B, Wang Y, Xia J. Tacrolimus inhibits oral carcinogenesis through cell cycle control. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111545. [PMID: 33873145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC, FK506) is a major calcineurin inhibitor and has been commonly used in treatments of patients with organ transplants and immune diseases. Moreover, tacrolimus is recommended by the treatment guidelines for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) such as oral lichen planus (OLP). However, whether tacrolimus increases the risk of cancer remains controversial. We observed that in a 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis model, tacrolimus treatment was associated with a significantly lower ratio of cancer formation (52.94% vs. 90%) and a lower proportion of Ki67 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) -positive cells in lesion areas (P < 0.001). Liver, kidney, and lung functions of rats and the tumor immune microenvironment of the tongue were not affected. These observations suggest that tacrolimus blocked oral carcinogenesis through epithelial cell proliferation inhibition, independent of its immunosuppressive effects. As a processing factor, tacrolimus decreased tumor formation and cell proliferation in different stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we investigated effects on the cell cycle and expression of related proteins. Tacrolimus induced G1/S phase arrest and significantly downregulated the expression of cyclinD1, cyclinE1, and c-Myc. These results suggest that tacrolimus induces G1/S phase arrest via inhibition of cyclinD1, cyclinE1, and c-Myc expression and retards oral cell carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, application of tacrolimus is a safe therapeutic strategy for treating OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Jie Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Zihang Ling
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Qinchao Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR, China.
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19
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Ghergurovich JM, Lang JD, Levin MK, Briones N, Facista SJ, Mueller C, Cowan AJ, McBride MJ, Rodriguez ESR, Killian A, Dao T, Lamont J, Barron A, Su X, Hendricks WPD, Espina V, Von Hoff DD, O'Shaughnessy J, Rabinowitz JD. Local production of lactate, ribose phosphate, and amino acids within human triple-negative breast cancer. MED 2021; 2:736-754. [PMID: 34223403 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Upregulated glucose metabolism is a common feature of tumors. Glucose can be broken down by either glycolysis or the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP). The relative usage within tumors of these catabolic pathways remains unclear. Similarly, the extent to which tumors make biomass precursors from glucose, versus take them up from the circulation, is incompletely defined. Methods We explore human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metabolism by isotope tracing with [1,2-13C]glucose, a tracer that differentiates glycolytic versus oxPPP catabolism and reveals glucose-driven anabolism. Patients enrolled in clinical trial NCT03457779 and received IV infusion of [1,2-13C]glucose during core biopsy of their primary TNBC. Tumor samples were analyzed for metabolite labeling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Genomic and proteomic analyses were performed and related to observed metabolic fluxes. Findings TNBC ferments glucose to lactate, with glycolysis dominant over the oxPPP. Most ribose phosphate is nevertheless produced by oxPPP. Glucose also feeds amino acid synthesis, including of serine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, proline and glutamine (but not asparagine). Downstream in glycolysis, tumor pyruvate and lactate labeling exceeds that found in serum, indicating that lactate exchange via monocarboxylic transporters is less prevalent in human TNBC compared with most normal tissues or non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusions Glucose directly feeds ribose phosphate, amino acid synthesis, lactate, and the TCA cycle locally within human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Ghergurovich
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jessica D Lang
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Maren K Levin
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Natalia Briones
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Salvatore J Facista
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Alexis J Cowan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Matthew J McBride
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Aaron Killian
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Tuoc Dao
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lamont
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Alison Barron
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - William P D Hendricks
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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20
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Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Co-Operativity between MYC and BCL-2 Pro-Survival Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062841. [PMID: 33799592 PMCID: PMC8000576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), c-MYC and related proteins are arguably amongst the most widely studied in all of biology. Every year there are thousands of papers reporting on different aspects of their biochemistry, cellular and physiological mechanisms and functions. This plethora of literature can be attributed to both proteins playing essential roles in the normal functioning of a cell, and by extension a whole organism, but also due to their central role in disease, most notably, cancer. Many cancers arise due to genetic lesions resulting in deregulation of both proteins, and indeed the development and survival of tumours is often dependent on co-operativity between these protein families. In this review we will discuss the individual roles of both proteins in cancer, describe cancers where co-operativity between them has been well-characterised and finally, some strategies to target these proteins therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence:
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21
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Madden SK, de Araujo AD, Gerhardt M, Fairlie DP, Mason JM. Taking the Myc out of cancer: toward therapeutic strategies to directly inhibit c-Myc. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:3. [PMID: 33397405 PMCID: PMC7780693 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Myc is a transcription factor that is constitutively and aberrantly expressed in over 70% of human cancers. Its direct inhibition has been shown to trigger rapid tumor regression in mice with only mild and fully reversible side effects, suggesting this to be a viable therapeutic strategy. Here we reassess the challenges of directly targeting c-Myc, evaluate lessons learned from current inhibitors, and explore how future strategies such as miniaturisation of Omomyc and targeting E-box binding could facilitate translation of c-Myc inhibitors into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Madden
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Aline Dantas de Araujo
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC 1066 Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mara Gerhardt
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC 1066 Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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22
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Leflunomide regulates c-Myc expression in myeloma cells through PIM targeting. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1027-1032. [PMID: 30940637 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018027227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Teriflunomide, the active metabolite of leflunomide, downregulates c-Myc expression through inhibition of PIM kinases. Leflunomide together with lenalidomide significantly extended survival in an in vivo MM model.
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23
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Llabata P, Mitsuishi Y, Choi PS, Cai D, Francis JM, Torres-Diz M, Udeshi ND, Golomb L, Wu Z, Zhou J, Svinkina T, Aguilera-Jimenez E, Liu Y, Carr SA, Sanchez-Cespedes M, Meyerson M, Zhang X. Multi-Omics Analysis Identifies MGA as a Negative Regulator of the MYC Pathway in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:574-584. [PMID: 31862696 PMCID: PMC7219472 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis of lung adenocarcinomas has revealed that the MGA gene, which encodes a heterodimeric partner of the MYC-interacting protein MAX, is significantly mutated or deleted in lung adenocarcinomas. Most of the mutations are loss of function for MGA, suggesting that MGA may act as a tumor suppressor. Here, we characterize both the molecular and cellular role of MGA in lung adenocarcinomas and illustrate its functional relevance in the MYC pathway. Although MGA and MYC interact with the same binding partner, MAX, and recognize the same E-box DNA motif, we show that the molecular function of MGA appears to be antagonistic to that of MYC. Using mass spectrometry-based affinity proteomics, we demonstrate that MGA interacts with a noncanonical PCGF6-PRC1 complex containing MAX and E2F6 that is involved in gene repression, while MYC is not part of this MGA complex, in agreement with previous studies describing the interactomes of E2F6 and PCGF6. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and RNA sequencing assays show that MGA binds to and represses genes that are bound and activated by MYC. In addition, we show that, as opposed to the MYC oncoprotein, MGA acts as a negative regulator for cancer cell proliferation. Our study defines a novel MYC/MAX/MGA pathway, in which MYC and MGA play opposite roles in protein interaction, transcriptional regulation, and cellular proliferation. IMPLICATIONS: This study expands the range of key cancer-associated genes whose dysregulation is functionally equivalent to MYC activation and places MYC within a linear pathway analogous to cell-cycle or receptor tyrosine kinase/RAS/RAF pathways in lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Llabata
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program-PEBC (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoichiro Mitsuishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Choi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Diana Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua M Francis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Manuel Torres-Diz
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program-PEBC (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Namrata D Udeshi
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lior Golomb
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tanya Svinkina
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Estrella Aguilera-Jimenez
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steven A Carr
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Abstract
Prohibitin 1 is an evolutionary conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein that exerts different biological functions depending on its subcellular localization. The role of prohibitin 1 in liver cancer is controversial as it can be pro- or anti-tumorigenic. However, most of the studies to date have described prohibitin 1 primarily as a tumor suppressor in the liver. Its deficiency sensitizes the liver to cholestatic liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory insults, and cancer. Liver-specific Phb1-knockout mice spontaneously develop hepatocellular carcinoma, Phb1 heterozygotes are more susceptible to develop cholangiocarcinoma, and the majority of human hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas have reduced prohibitin 1 expression. Consistent with a tumor suppressive role in the liver, prohibitin 1 negatively regulates proliferation in hepatocytes and human hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, and multiple oncogenic signaling pathways are activated when prohibitin 1 is deficient. Although best known as a mitochondrial chaperone, prohibitin 1 can protect the liver by mitochondrial-independent mechanisms. This review summarizes what’s known about prohibitin 1’s role in liver pathology, with the focus on hepatoprotection and carcinogenesis. Impact statement This review summarizes the last decades of research on PHB1 in liver pathobiology. PHB1 is a key player for liver health as it is hepatoprotective and tumor suppressive. We highlight the importance of PHB1’s subcellular localization, post-translational modifications, and interacting proteins as major determinants of PHB1 cytoprotective function and anti-tumor activity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Barbier-Torres
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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25
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Prieto J, Ponsoda X, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Torres J. Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism in induced pluripotency. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110870. [PMID: 32045634 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by either ectopic expression of defined factors or exposure to chemical cocktails. During reprogramming, somatic cells undergo dramatic changes in a wide range of cellular processes, such as metabolism, mitochondrial morphology and function, cell signaling pathways or immortalization. Regulation of these processes during cell reprograming lead to the acquisition of a pluripotent state, which enables indefinite propagation by symmetrical self-renewal without losing the ability of reprogrammed cells to differentiate into all cell types of the adult. In this review, recent data from different laboratories showing how these processes are controlled during the phenotypic transformation of a somatic cell into a pluripotent stem cell will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Prieto
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Xavier Ponsoda
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Josema Torres
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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26
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Robaina MC, Mazzoccoli L, Klumb CE. Germinal Centre B Cell Functions and Lymphomagenesis: Circuits Involving MYC and MicroRNAs. Cells 2019; 8:E1365. [PMID: 31683676 PMCID: PMC6912346 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor MYC regulates several biological cellular processes, and its target gene network comprises approximately 15% of all human genes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), that also contribute to MYC regulatory activity. Although miRNAs are emerging as key regulators of immune functions, the specific roles of miRNAs in the regulation/dysregulation of germinal centre B-cells and B-cell lymphomas are still being uncovered. The regulatory network that integrates MYC, target genes and miRNAs is a field of intense study, highlighting potential pathways to be explored in the context of future clinical approaches. METHODS The scientific literature that is indexed in PUBMED was consulted for publications involving MYC and miRNAs with validated bioinformatics analyses or experimental protocols. Additionally, seminal studies on germinal centre B-cell functions and lymphomagenesis were reported. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the interactions between MYC and miRNAs through regulatory loops and circuits involving target genes in germinal centre B-cell lymphomas with MYC alterations. Moreover, we provide an overview of the understanding of the regulatory networks between MYC and miRNAs, highlighting the potential implication of this approach for the comprehension of germinal centre B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. Therefore, circuits involving MYC, target genes and miRNAs provide novel insight into lymphomagenesis that could be useful for new improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Robaina
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Mazzoccoli
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Claudete Esteves Klumb
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
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Yan T, Liu F, Gao J, Lu H, Cai J, Zhao X, Sun Y. Multilevel regulation of RUVBL2 expression predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:249. [PMID: 31572066 PMCID: PMC6764127 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second-most lethal cancer worldwide with a complex pathogenesis. RuvB-like 2 (RUVBL2) was previously found to contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. However, its expression, regulation and clinical significance have not been systematically evaluated in a large number of clinical samples. Methods Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of RUVBL2 based on multiple datasets from 371 liver cancer patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and on immunohistochemical staining in 153 subjects. In addition, the aberrant signaling pathways caused by RUVBL2 overexpression were investigated. Results We demonstrated that promoter hypomethylation, copy number gain, MYC amplification and CTNNB1 mutation were all responsible for RUVBL2 overexpression in HCC. High levels of RUVBL2 mRNA were associated with shorter recurrence-free survival time (RFS) but not overall survival time (OS). Furthermore, RUVBL2 protein was overexpressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HCC samples. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of RUVBL2 independently predicted worse OS and RFS with a 2.03-fold and a 1.71-fold increase in the hazard ratio, respectively. High levels of RUVBL2 promoted carcinogenesis through the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)-Cell Division Cycle 37 (CDC37), AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathways. Conclusion The deregulation of RUVBL2 in HCC is influenced at the genomic, epigenetic and transcriptional levels. Our findings highlight the potential roles of RUVBL2 as a promising prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Fang Liu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- 2State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Haizhen Lu
- 3Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- 4Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Xiaohang Zhao
- 2State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yulin Sun
- 2State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
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Jia XX, Zhu TT, Huang Y, Zeng XX, Zhang H, Zhang WX. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates asthma airway remodeling by influencing the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 via the p38 MAPK-dependent pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3431-3438. [PMID: 31602218 PMCID: PMC6777302 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is the main characteristic of asthma; however, the mechanisms underlying this pathophysiological change have not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are involved in the development of airway remodeling during asthma. Therefore, the present study established an airway remodeling rat model, after which β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc protein expressions were analyzed via western blotting in the lung tissue and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) of rats. The mRNA expression of the aforementioned proteins were evaluated via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc are core transcription factors and target genes of the Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 protein expression were determined following blocking of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in vitro. The results demonstrated that higher expressions of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc were detected in lung tissues and ASMCs in the asthma group compared with the control. Blocking the p38 MAPK signaling pathway with a specific inhibitor SB203580 also downregulated the expressions of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc in vitro. Taken together, these results indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may regulate the process of airway remodeling via the p38 MAPK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Jia
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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Littler S, Sloss O, Geary B, Pierce A, Whetton AD, Taylor SS. Oncogenic MYC amplifies mitotic perturbations. Open Biol 2019; 9:190136. [PMID: 31455158 PMCID: PMC6731591 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor MYC modulates vast arrays of genes, thereby influencing numerous biological pathways including biogenesis, metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis and pluripotency. When deregulated, MYC drives genomic instability via several mechanisms including aberrant proliferation, replication stress and ROS production. Deregulated MYC also promotes chromosome instability, but less is known about how MYC influences mitosis. Here, we show that deregulating MYC modulates multiple aspects of mitotic chromosome segregation. Cells overexpressing MYC have altered spindle morphology, take longer to align their chromosomes at metaphase and enter anaphase sooner. When challenged with a variety of anti-mitotic drugs, cells overexpressing MYC display more anomalies, the net effect of which is increased micronuclei, a hallmark of chromosome instability. Proteomic analysis showed that MYC modulates multiple networks predicted to influence mitosis, with the mitotic kinase PLK1 identified as a central hub. In turn, we show that MYC modulates several PLK1-dependent processes, namely mitotic entry, spindle assembly and SAC satisfaction. These observations thus underpin the pervasive nature of oncogenic MYC and provide a mechanistic rationale for MYC's ability to drive chromosome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Littler
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Olivia Sloss
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Bethany Geary
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Stephen S. Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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30
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Song K, Dai L, Long X, Cui X, Liu Y, Di W. Sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor ABC294640 displays anti-epithelial ovarian cancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4437-4449. [PMID: 31239712 PMCID: PMC6560197 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s208519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ABC294640 is a non-lipid competitive inhibitor of SphK2. It exhibited anti-proliferative activities in many human malignancies, including ovarian cancer. However, its potential mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Methods: In this paper, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines SKOV3 and HO8910 were treated with ABC294640. In order to explore the effect of ABC294640 on the behavior of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, we used cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to detect the effect of ABC294640 on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis, the expression of related factors at mRNA levels, and the expression of related factors at protein level. An intra-abdominal xenograft tumor model of EOC was set up to assess the tumor growth in nude mice. Results: The results obtained indicate that EOC cell proliferation was noticeably inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by ABC294640. ABC294640 caused cell cycle arrest in S phase and increased cell apoptosis rate in EOC cells. Also, the proteins, including phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (P-Rb), cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and Bcl-2 were significantly inhibited, while cleaved-caspase 3 was activated. ABC294640 inhibited the expression of c-Myc in EOC. The in vivo assay showed an inhibitory effect of ABC294640 on tumor growth. Conclusions: ABC294640 could downregulate the expression of c-Myc in EOC both in vitro and in vivo. ABC294640 inhibited tumor growth in EOC via cell cycle arrest and inducing cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, partially by decreasing the expression of cell cycle–associated proteins (such as P-Rb, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1) and promoting caspase 3 activation via downregulation expression of c-Myc. It suggested that ABC294640 had the potential to serve as an agent in EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqi Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rui Jin Hospital & Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201801, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
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31
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Rasmussen KD, Berest I, Keβler S, Nishimura K, Simón-Carrasco L, Vassiliou GS, Pedersen MT, Christensen J, Zaugg JB, Helin K. TET2 binding to enhancers facilitates transcription factor recruitment in hematopoietic cells. Genome Res 2019; 29:564-575. [PMID: 30796038 PMCID: PMC6442383 DOI: 10.1101/gr.239277.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulator TET2 is frequently mutated in hematological diseases. Mutations have been shown to arise in hematopoietic stem cells early in disease development and lead to altered DNA methylation landscapes and an increased risk of hematopoietic malignancy. Here, we show by genome-wide mapping of TET2 binding sites in different cell types that TET2 localizes to regions of open chromatin and cell-type-specific enhancers. We find that deletion of Tet2 in native hematopoiesis as well as fully transformed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results in changes in transcription factor (TF) activity within these regions, and we provide evidence that loss of TET2 leads to attenuation of chromatin binding of members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TF family. Together, these findings demonstrate that TET2 activity shapes the local chromatin environment at enhancers to facilitate TF binding and provides an example of how epigenetic dysregulation can affect gene expression patterns and drive disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper D Rasmussen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Berest
- European Molecular Biology Institute, Structural and Computational Unit, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Keβler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koutarou Nishimura
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0PT, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne T Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Christensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Judith B Zaugg
- European Molecular Biology Institute, Structural and Computational Unit, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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32
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miR-548b-3p Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Mitochondrial Function by Targeting CIP2A in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7385426. [PMID: 30671469 PMCID: PMC6323450 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7385426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The roles of miR-548b-3p in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain undiscovered. This study aims to explore the roles and mechanisms of miR-548b-3p in HCC. Using TCGA database, we found that miR-548b-3p expression was lower in HCC compared to the normal tissues, which was further confirmed by RT-qPCR of 20 cases of surgically resected HCC and corresponding normal tissues. miR-548b-3p mimic and inhibitor were transfected into Huh7 and SK-Hep-1 cells, respectively. MTT, colony formation, and cell cycle assays showed that miR-548b-3p mimic suppressed cell growth and G1/S cell cycle transition. In contrast, miR-548b-3p inhibitor facilitated cell growth and cell cycle transition. miR-548b-3p mimic also increased cisplatin sensitivity by upregulating apoptosis rate. JC-1 staining showed that miR-548b-3p mimic downregulated mitochondrial membrane potential, while miR-548b-3p inhibitor showed the opposite effects in SK-Hep-1 cells. Using prediction software, we found that CIP2A was on the target list of miR-548b-3p. miR-548b-3p mimic downregulated CIP2A and its downstream target protein c-Myc. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that CIP2A was as a direct target of miR-548b-3p. CIP2A depletion partly reduced the effect of miR-548b-3p mimic/inhibitor on c-Myc. CIP2A depletion also reduced the effect of miR-548b-3p mimic/inhibitor on proliferation. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that miR-548b-3p was downregulated in HCC. miR-548b-3p regulates proliferation, apoptosis and mitochondrial function by targeting CIP2A in HCC.
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33
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Al-Shihabi A, Chawla SP, Hall FL, Gordon EM. Exploiting Oncogenic Drivers along the CCNG1 Pathway for Cancer Therapy and Gene Therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 11:122-126. [PMID: 30581985 PMCID: PMC6292824 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Shihabi
- The Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | - Sant P Chawla
- The Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | | | - Erlinda M Gordon
- The Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.,Delta Next-Gene, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.,Aveni Foundation, Santa Monica CA 90403, USA
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34
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Inhibition of cIAP1 as a strategy for targeting c-MYC-driven oncogenic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9317-E9324. [PMID: 30181285 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807711115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protooncogene c-MYC, a master transcription factor, is a major driver of human tumorigenesis. Development of pharmacological agents for inhibiting c-MYC as an anticancer therapy has been a longstanding but elusive goal in the cancer field. E3 ubiquitin ligase cIAP1 has been shown to mediate the activation of c-MYC by destabilizing MAD1, a key antagonist of c-MYC. Here we developed a high-throughput assay for cIAP1 ubiquitination and identified D19, a small-molecule inhibitor of E3 ligase activity of cIAP1. We show that D19 binds to the RING domain of cIAP1 and inhibits the E3 ligase activity of cIAP1 by interfering with the dynamics of its interaction with E2. Blocking cIAP1 with D19 antagonizes c-MYC by stabilizing MAD1 protein in cells. Furthermore, we show that D19 and an improved analog (D19-14) promote c-MYC degradation and inhibit the oncogenic function of c-MYC in cells and xenograft animal models. In contrast, we show that activating E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of cIAP1 by Smac mimetics destabilizes MAD1, the antagonist of MYC, and increases the protein levels of c-MYC. Our study provides an interesting example using chemical biological approaches for determining distinct biological consequences from inhibiting vs. activating an E3 ubiquitin ligase and suggests a potential broad therapeutic strategy for targeting c-MYC in cancer treatment by pharmacologically modulating cIAP1 E3 ligase activity.
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35
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Gorga A, Rindone GM, Regueira M, Pellizzari EH, Camberos MC, Cigorraga SB, Riera MF, Galardo MN, Meroni SB. Effect of resveratrol on Sertoli cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10131-10142. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gorga
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - GM Rindone
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M Regueira
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - EH Pellizzari
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MC Camberos
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - SB Cigorraga
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MF Riera
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MN Galardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - SB Meroni
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, “Dr César Bergadá,” CONICET‐FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez Buenos Aires Argentina
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36
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Gordon EM, Ravicz JR, Liu S, Chawla SP, Hall FL. Cell cycle checkpoint control: The cyclin G1/Mdm2/p53 axis emerges as a strategic target for broad-spectrum cancer gene therapy - A review of molecular mechanisms for oncologists. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 9:115-134. [PMID: 30101008 PMCID: PMC6083405 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic research in genetics, biochemistry and cell biology has identified the executive enzymes and protein kinase activities that regulate the cell division cycle of all eukaryotic organisms, thereby elucidating the importance of site-specific protein phosphorylation events that govern cell cycle progression. Research in cancer genomics and virology has provided meaningful links to mammalian checkpoint control elements with the characterization of growth-promoting proto-oncogenes encoding c-Myc, Mdm2, cyclins A, D1 and G1, and opposing tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, pRb, p16INK4A and p21WAF1, which are commonly dysregulated in cancer. While progress has been made in identifying numerous enzymes and molecular interactions associated with cell cycle checkpoint control, the marked complexity, particularly the functional redundancy, of these cell cycle control enzymes in mammalian systems, presents a major challenge in discerning an optimal locus for therapeutic intervention in the clinical management of cancer. Recent advances in genetic engineering, functional genomics and clinical oncology converged in identifying cyclin G1 (CCNG1 gene) as a pivotal component of a commanding cyclin G1/Mdm2/p53 axis and a strategic locus for re-establishing cell cycle control by means of therapeutic gene transfer. The purpose of the present study is to provide a focused review of cycle checkpoint control as a practicum for clinical oncologists with an interest in applied molecular medicine. The aim is to present a unifying model that: i) clarifies the function of cyclin G1 in establishing proliferative competence, overriding p53 checkpoints and advancing cell cycle progression; ii) is supported by studies of inhibitory microRNAs linking CCNG1 expression to the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and viral subversion; and iii) provides a mechanistic basis for understanding the broad-spectrum anticancer activity and single-agent efficacy observed with dominant-negative cyclin G1, whose cytocidal mechanism of action triggers programmed cell death. Clinically, the utility of companion diagnostics for cyclin G1 pathways is anticipated in the staging, prognosis and treatment of cancers, including the potential for rational combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlinda M Gordon
- Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.,Aveni Foundation, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA.,DELTA Next-Gen, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA
| | - Joshua R Ravicz
- Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | - Seiya Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sant P Chawla
- Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | - Frederick L Hall
- Aveni Foundation, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA.,DELTA Next-Gen, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA
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37
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Ciribilli Y, Singh P, Inga A, Borlak J. c-Myc targeted regulators of cell metabolism in a transgenic mouse model of papillary lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65514-65539. [PMID: 27602772 PMCID: PMC5323172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Myc's role in pulmonary cancer metabolism is uncertain. We therefore investigated c-Myc activity in papillary lung adenocarcinomas (PLAC). Genomics revealed 90 significantly regulated genes (> 3-fold) coding for cell growth, DNA metabolism, RNA processing and ribosomal biogenesis and bioinformatics defined c-Myc binding sites (TFBS) at > 95% of up-regulated genes. EMSA assays at 33 novel TFBS evidenced DNA binding activity and ChIP-seq data retrieved from public repositories confirmed these to be c-Myc bound. Dual-luciferase gene reporter assays developed for RNA-Terminal-Phosphate-Cyclase-Like-1(RCL1), Ribosomal-Protein-SA(RPSA), Nucleophosmin/Nucleoplasmin-3(NPM3) and Hexokinase-1(HK1) confirmed c-Myc functional relevance and ChIP assays with HEK293T cells over-expressing ectopic c-Myc demonstrated enriched c-Myc occupancy at predicted TFBS for RCL1, NPM3, HK1 and RPSA. Note, c-Myc recruitment on chromatin was comparable to the positive controls CCND2 and CDK4. Computational analyses defined master regulators (MR), i.e. heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, nucleolin, the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, triosephosphate-isomerase 1, folate transporter (SLC19A1) and nucleophosmin to influence activity of up to 90% of PLAC-regulated genes. Their expression was induced by 3-, 3-, 6-, 3-, 11- and 7-fold, respectively. STRING analysis confirmed protein-protein-interactions of regulated genes and Western immunoblotting of fatty acid synthase, serine hydroxyl-methyltransferase 1, arginine 1 and hexokinase 2 showed tumor specific induction. Published knock down studies confirmed these proteins to induce apoptosis by disrupting neoplastic lipogenesis, by endorsing uracil accumulation and by suppressing arginine metabolism and glucose-derived ribonucleotide biosynthesis. Finally, translational research demonstrated high expression of MR and of 47 PLAC up-regulated genes to be associated with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients (HR 3.2 p < 0.001) thus, providing a rationale for molecular targeted therapies in PLACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Ciribilli
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Prashant Singh
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alberto Inga
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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38
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Yu Z, Li T, Wang C, Deng S, Zhang B, Huo X, Zhang B, Wang X, Zhong Y, Ma X. Gamabufotalin triggers c-Myc degradation via induction of WWP2 in multiple myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15725-37. [PMID: 26894970 PMCID: PMC4941272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciding appropriate therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) is challenging because of the occurrence of multiple chromosomal changes and the fatal nature of the disease. In the current study, gamabufotalin (GBT) was isolated from toad venom, and its tumor-specific cytotoxicity was investigated in human MM cells. We found GBT inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis with the IC50 values <50 nM. Mechanistic studies using functional approaches identified GBT as an inhibitor of c-Myc. Further analysis showed that GBT especially evoked the ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc protein, thereby globally repressing the expression of c-Myc target genes. GBT treatment inhibited ERK and AKT signals, while stimulating the activation of JNK cascade. An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, WWP2, was upregulated following JNK activation and played an important role in c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation through direct protein-protein interaction. The antitumor effect of GBT was validated in a xenograft mouse model and the suppression of MM-induced osteolysis was verified in a SCID-hu model in vivo. Taken together, our study identified the potential of GBT as a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuping Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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39
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Garcia PL, Miller AL, Gamblin TL, Council LN, Christein JD, Arnoletti JP, Heslin MJ, Reddy S, Richardson JH, Cui X, van Waardenburg RCAM, Bradner JE, Yang ES, Yoon KJ. JQ1 Induces DNA Damage and Apoptosis, and Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:107-118. [PMID: 29142067 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal disease with a 5-year survival of <30%. For a majority of patients, chemotherapy is the only therapeutic option, and virtually all patients relapse. Gemcitabine is the first-line agent for treatment of CCA. Patients treated with gemcitabine monotherapy survive ∼8 months. Combining this agent with cisplatin increases survival by ∼3 months, but neither regimen produces durable remissions. The molecular etiology of this disease is poorly understood. To facilitate molecular characterization and development of effective therapies for CCA, we established a panel of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of CCA. We used two of these models to investigate the antitumor efficacy and mechanism of action of the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, an agent that has not been evaluated for the treatment of CCA. The data show that JQ1 suppressed the growth of the CCA PDX model CCA2 and demonstrate that growth suppression was concomitant with inhibition of c-Myc protein expression. A second model (CCA1) was JQ1-insensitive, with tumor progression and c-Myc expression unaffected by exposure to this agent. Also selective to CCA2 tumors, JQ1 induced DNA damage and apoptosis and downregulated multiple c-Myc transcriptional targets that regulate cell-cycle progression and DNA repair. These findings suggest that c-Myc inhibition and several of its transcriptional targets may contribute to the mechanism of action of JQ1 in this tumor type. We conclude that BET inhibitors such as JQ1 warrant further investigation for the treatment of CCA. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 107-18. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aubrey L Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tracy L Gamblin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Leona N Council
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- The Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John D Christein
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - J Pablo Arnoletti
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marty J Heslin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sushanth Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joseph H Richardson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Fancello L, Kampen KR, Hofman IJF, Verbeeck J, De Keersmaecker K. The ribosomal protein gene RPL5 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14462-14478. [PMID: 28147343 PMCID: PMC5362418 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, defects in the ribosome have been associated to cancer. Recently, somatic mutations and deletions affecting ribosomal protein genes were identified in a few leukemias and solid tumor types. However, systematic analysis of all 81 known ribosomal protein genes across cancer types is lacking. We screened mutation and copy number data of respectively 4926 and 7322 samples from 16 cancer types and identified six altered genes (RPL5, RPL11, RPL23A, RPS5, RPS20 and RPSA). RPL5 was located at a significant peak of heterozygous deletion or mutated in 11% of glioblastoma, 28% of melanoma and 34% of breast cancer samples. Moreover, patients with low RPL5 expression displayed worse overall survival in glioblastoma and in one breast cancer cohort. RPL5 knockdown in breast cancer cell lines enhanced G2/M cell cycle progression and accelerated tumor progression in a xenograft mouse model. Interestingly, our data suggest that the tumor suppressor role of RPL5 is not only mediated by its known function as TP53 or c-MYC regulator. In conclusion, RPL5 heterozygous inactivation occurs at high incidence (11-34%) in multiple tumor types, currently representing the most common somatic ribosomal protein defect in cancer, and we demonstrate a tumor suppressor role for RPL5 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fancello
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim R Kampen
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel J F Hofman
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Verbeeck
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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Cairns J, Ingle JN, Wickerham LD, Weinshilboum R, Liu M, Wang L. SNPs near the cysteine proteinase cathepsin O gene (CTSO) determine tamoxifen sensitivity in ERα-positive breast cancer through regulation of BRCA1. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007031. [PMID: 28968398 PMCID: PMC5638617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is one of the most commonly employed endocrine therapies for patients with estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. Unfortunately the clinical benefit is limited due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. We previously reported a genome-wide association study that identified common SNPs near the CTSO gene and in ZNF423 associated with development of breast cancer during tamoxifen therapy in the NSABP P-1 and P-2 breast cancer prevention trials. Here, we have investigated their roles in ERα-positive breast cancer growth and tamoxifen response, focusing on the mechanism of CTSO. We performed in vitro studies including luciferase assays, cell proliferation, and mass spectrometry-based assays using ERα-positive breast cancer cells and a panel of genomic data-rich lymphoblastoid cell lines. We report that CTSO reduces the protein levels of BRCA1 and ZNF423 through cysteine proteinase-mediated degradation. We also have identified a series of transcription factors of BRCA1 that are regulated by CTSO at the protein level. Importantly, the variant CTSO SNP genotypes are associated with increased CTSO and decreased BRCA1 protein levels that confer resistance to tamoxifen. Characterization of the effect of both CTSO SNPs and ZNF423 SNPs on tamoxifen response revealed that cells with different combinations of CTSO and ZNF423 genotypes respond differently to Tamoxifen, PARP inhibitors or the combination of the two drugs due to SNP dependent differential regulation of BRCA1 levels. Therefore, these genotypes might be biomarkers for selection of individual drug to achieve the best efficacy. Many studies have demonstrated that germline genetic variation can contribute to both breast cancer disease risk and treatment response. However, the underlying mechanisms associated with these biomarkers often remains understudied. As part of functional genomic studies following up a case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed with the large and influential National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 and P-2 SERM breast cancer prevention trials, we investigated the top GWAS SNPs in CTSO gene on chromosome 4 and mechanisms of CTSO involvement in the regulation of BRCA1 and response to therapy. We showed that, based on individual’s genotype, CTSO contributes differentially to tamoxifen response in ERα-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells by regulating ZNF423 and BRCA1levels and that PARP inhibitors can effectively restore tamoxifen sensitivity in subjects with unfavorable genotypes of CTSO and ZNF423 associated with tamoxifen resistance. Our work highlights the potential value of a new biomarker signature involving CTSO and ZNF423-related SNPs for selection of tamoxifen or PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Cairns
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James N. Ingle
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lawrence D. Wickerham
- Section of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mohan Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sulima SO, Hofman IJF, De Keersmaecker K, Dinman JD. How Ribosomes Translate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1069-1087. [PMID: 28923911 PMCID: PMC5630089 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of novel findings, including congenital ribosomal mutations in ribosomopathies and somatic ribosomal mutations in various cancers, have significantly increased our understanding of the relevance of ribosomes in oncogenesis. Here, we explore the growing list of mechanisms by which the ribosome is involved in carcinogenesis-from the hijacking of ribosomes by oncogenic factors and dysregulated translational control, to the effects of mutations in ribosomal components on cellular metabolism. Of clinical importance, the recent success of RNA polymerase inhibitors highlights the dependence on "onco-ribosomes" as an Achilles' heel of cancer cells and a promising target for further therapeutic intervention.Significance: The recent discovery of somatic mutations in ribosomal proteins in several cancers has strengthened the link between ribosome defects and cancer progression, while also raising the question of which cellular mechanisms such defects exploit. Here, we discuss the emerging molecular mechanisms by which ribosomes support oncogenesis, and how this understanding is driving the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1069-87. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey O Sulima
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel J F Hofman
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, LKI, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jonathan D Dinman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
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Wang M, Lemos B. Ribosomal DNA copy number amplification and loss in human cancers is linked to tumor genetic context, nucleolus activity, and proliferation. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006994. [PMID: 28880866 PMCID: PMC5605086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are transcribed from two multicopy DNA arrays: the 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array residing in a single human autosome and the 45S rDNA array residing in five human autosomes. The arrays are among the most variable segments of the genome, exhibit concerted copy number variation (cCNV), encode essential components of the ribosome, and modulate global gene expression. Here we combined whole genome data from >700 tumors and paired normal tissues to provide a portrait of rDNA variation in human tissues and cancers of diverse mutational signatures, including stomach and lung adenocarcinomas, ovarian cancers, and others of the TCGA panel. We show that cancers undergo coupled 5S rDNA array expansion and 45S rDNA loss that is accompanied by increased estimates of proliferation rate and nucleolar activity. These somatic changes in rDNA CN occur in a background of over 10-fold naturally occurring rDNA CN variation across individuals and cCNV of 5S-45S arrays in some but not all tissues. Analysis of genetic context revealed associations between cancer rDNA CN amplification or loss and the presence of specific somatic alterations, including somatic SNPs and copy number gain/losses in protein coding genes across the cancer genome. For instance, somatic inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 emerged with a strong association with coupled 5S expansion / 45S loss in several cancers. Our results uncover frequent and contrasting changes in the 5S and 45S rDNA along rapidly proliferating cell lineages with high nucleolar activity. We suggest that 5S rDNA amplification facilitates increased proliferation, nucleolar activity, and ribosomal synthesis in cancer, whereas 45S rDNA loss emerges as a byproduct of transcription-replication conflict in rapidly replicating tumor cells. The observations raise the prospects of using the rDNA arrays as re-emerging targets for the design of novel strategies in cancer therapy. The 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays contain hundreds of rDNA copies, with substantial variability across individuals in human populations. Although physically unlinked, the arrays also exhibit joint variation across individual genotypes. However, whether this co-variation in copy number (CN) is universally observed across all tissues is unknown. It also remains unknown if rDNA CN might vary across tissues and in cancer lineages. Here we showed that most cancers undergo coupled 5S rDNA array amplification and 45S rDNA loss, and concerted 5S-45S CN variation in some but not all tissues. The coupled 5S amplification and 45S loss is associated with the presence of certain somatic genetic alterations, as well as increased estimates of cancerous cell proliferation rate and nucleolar activity. Our research uncovers frequent and contrasting changes in rDNA CN in cancers of diverse tissue origin and associated with diverse mutational contexts of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. The observations raise the prospects of using the rDNA arrays as re-emerging targets in novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health & Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health & Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pathway-based expression profiling of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer delineates an immunophilin molecule associated with cancer progression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9763. [PMID: 28852180 PMCID: PMC5575002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant restoration of AR activity is linked with prostate tumor growth, therapeutic failures and development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Understanding the processes leading to AR-reactivation should provide the foundation for novel avenues of drug discovery. A differential gene expression study was conducted using biopsies from CaP and BPH patients to identify the components putatively responsible for reinstating AR activity in CaP. From the set of genes upregulated in CaP, FKBP52, an AR co-chaperone, was selected for further analysis. Expression of FKBP52 was positively correlated with that of c-Myc. The functional cross-talk between c-Myc and FKBP52 was established using c-Myc specific-siRNA to LNCaP cells that resulted in reduction of FKBP52. A non-canonical E-box sequence housing a putative c-Myc binding site was detected on the FKBP4 promoter using in silico search. LNCaP cells transfected with the FKBP52 promoter cloned in pGL3 basic showed increased luciferase activity which declined considerably when the promoter-construct was co-transfected with c-Myc specific-siRNA. ChIP-PCR confirmed the binding of c-Myc with the conserved E-box located in the FKBP52 promoter. c-Myc downregulation concomitantly affected expression of FGF8. Since expression of FGF8 is controlled by AR, our study unveiled a novel functional axis between c-Myc, AR and FGF8 operating through FKBP52.
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Chapman LM, Ture SK, Field DJ, Morrell CN. miR-451 limits CD4 + T cell proliferative responses to infection in mice. Immunol Res 2017; 65:828-840. [PMID: 28378118 PMCID: PMC5545071 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are major regulators of cell responses, particularly in stressed cell states and host immune responses. Some miRNAs have a role in pathogen defense, including regulation of immune responses to Plasmodium parasite infection. Using a nonlethal mouse model of blood stage malaria infection, we have found that miR-451-/- mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii XNL cleared infection at a faster rate than did wild-type (WT) mice. MiR-451-/- mice had an increased leukocyte response to infection, with the protective phenotype primarily driven by CD4+ T cells. WT and miR-451-/- CD4+ T cells had similar activation responses, but miR-451-/- CD4+ cells had significantly increased proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Myc is a miR-451 target with a central role in cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. CD4+ T cells from miR-451-/- mice had increased postactivation Myc expression. RNA-Seq analysis of CD4+ cells demonstrated over 5000 differentially expressed genes in miR-451-/- mice postinfection, many of which are directly or indirectly Myc regulated. This study demonstrates that miR-451 regulates T cell proliferative responses in part via a Myc-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Chapman
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- CTSI Translational Biomedical Science, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sara K Ture
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David J Field
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Craig N Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Minute Virus of Mice Inhibits Transcription of the Cyclin B1 Gene during Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00428-17. [PMID: 28446681 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00428-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication of minute virus of mice (MVM) induces a sustained cellular DNA damage response (DDR) which the virus then exploits to prepare the nuclear environment for effective parvovirus takeover. An essential aspect of the MVM-induced DDR is the establishment of a potent premitotic block, which we previously found to be independent of activated p21 and ATR/Chk1 signaling. This arrest, unlike others reported previously, depends upon a significant, specific depletion of cyclin B1 and its encoding RNA, which precludes cyclin B1/CDK1 complex function, thus preventing mitotic entry. We show here that while the stability of cyclin B1 RNA was not affected by MVM infection, the production of nascent cyclin B1 RNA was substantially diminished at late times postinfection. Ectopic expression of NS1 alone did not reduce cyclin B1 expression. MVM infection also reduced the levels of cyclin B1 protein, and RNA levels normally increased in response to DNA-damaging reagents. We demonstrated that at times of reduced cyclin B1 expression during infection, there was a significantly reduced occupancy of RNA polymerase II and the essential mitotic transcription factor FoxM1 on the cyclin B1 gene promoter. Additionally, while total FoxM1 levels remained constant, there was a significant decrease of the phosphorylated, likely active, forms of FoxM1. Targeting of a constitutively active FoxM1 construct or the activation domain of FoxM1 to the cyclin B1 gene promoter via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-enzymatically inactive Cas9 in MVM-infected cells increased both cyclin B1 protein and RNA levels, implicating FoxM1 as a critical target for cyclin B1 inhibition during MVM infection.IMPORTANCE Replication of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) induces a sustained cellular DNA damage response (DDR) which the virus exploits to prepare the nuclear environment for effective takeover. An essential aspect of the MVM-induced DDR is establishment of a potent premitotic block. This block depends upon a significant, specific depletion of cyclin B1 and its encoding RNA that precludes cyclin B1/CDK1 complex functions necessary for mitotic entry. We show that reduced cyclin B1 expression is controlled primarily at the level of transcription initiation. Additionally, the essential mitotic transcription factor FoxM1 and RNA polymerase II were found to occupy the cyclin B1 gene promoter at reduced levels during infection. Recruiting a constitutively active FoxM1 construct or the activation domain of FoxM1 to the cyclin B1 gene promoter via CRISPR-catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) in MVM-infected cells increased expression of both cyclin B1 protein and RNA, implicating FoxM1 as a critical target mediating MVM-induced cyclin B1 inhibition.
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Feil G, Horres R, Schulte J, Mack AF, Petzoldt S, Arnold C, Meng C, Jost L, Boxleitner J, Kiessling-Wolf N, Serbest E, Helm D, Kuster B, Hartmann I, Korff T, Hahne H. Bacterial Cellulose Shifts Transcriptome and Proteome of Cultured Endothelial Cells Towards Native Differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017. [PMID: 28637836 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving the native phenotype of primary cells in vitro is a complex challenge. Recently, hydrogel-based cellular matrices have evolved as alternatives to conventional cell culture techniques. We developed a bacterial cellulose-based aqueous gel-like biomaterial, dubbed Xellulin, which mimics a cellular microenvironment and seems to maintain the native phenotype of cultured and primary cells. When applied to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), it allowed the continuous cultivation of cell monolayers for more than one year without degradation or dedifferentiation. To investigate the impact of Xellulin on the endothelial cell phenotype in detail, we applied quantitative transcriptomics and proteomics and compared the molecular makeup of native HUVEC, HUVEC on collagen-coated Xellulin and collagen-coated cell culture plastic (polystyrene).Statistical analysis of 12,475 transcripts and 7831 proteins unveiled massive quantitative differences of the compared transcriptomes and proteomes. K-means clustering followed by network analysis showed that HUVEC on plastic upregulate transcripts and proteins controlling proliferation, cell cycle and protein biosynthesis. In contrast, HUVEC on Xellulin maintained, by and large, the expression levels of genes supporting their native biological functions and signaling networks such as integrin, receptor tyrosine kinase MAP/ERK and PI3K signaling pathways, while decreasing the expression of proliferation associated proteins. Moreover, CD34-an endothelial cell differentiation marker usually lost early during cell culture - was re-expressed within 2 weeks on Xellulin but not on plastic. And HUVEC on Xellulin showed a significantly stronger functional responsiveness to a prototypic pro-inflammatory stimulus than HUVEC on plastic.Taken together, this is one of the most comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic studies of native and propagated HUVEC, which underscores the importance of the morphology of the cellular microenvironment to regulate cellular differentiation, and demonstrates, for the first time, the potential of Xellulin as versatile tool promoting an in vivo-like phenotype in primary and propagated cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Feil
- From the ‡Xellutec GmbH, Eichenstraβe 15, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Ralf Horres
- §GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Schulte
- From the ‡Xellutec GmbH, Eichenstraβe 15, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Andreas F Mack
- ¶Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Österbergstraβe 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Petzoldt
- ‖OmicScouts GmbH, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- **Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- ‡‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lukas Jost
- §GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Ender Serbest
- From the ‡Xellutec GmbH, Eichenstraβe 15, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- ‖OmicScouts GmbH, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- ‡‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany.,§§Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Isabel Hartmann
- From the ‡Xellutec GmbH, Eichenstraβe 15, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- §§Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hannes Hahne
- ‖OmicScouts GmbH, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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Chakravorty D, Jana T, Das Mandal S, Seth A, Bhattacharya A, Saha S. MYCbase: a database of functional sites and biochemical properties of Myc in both normal and cancer cells. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:224. [PMID: 28454513 PMCID: PMC5410051 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myc is an essential gene having multiple functions such as in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, genomic stability, angiogenesis, and disease biology. A large number of researchers dedicated to Myc biology are generating a substantial amount of data in normal and cancer cells/tissues including Burkitt’s lymphoma and ovarian cancer. Results MYCbase (http://bicresources.jcbose.ac.in/ssaha4/mycbase) is a collection of experimentally supported functional sites in Myc that can influence the biological cellular processes. The functional sites were compiled according to their role which includes mutation, methylation pattern, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), and DNA interactions. In addition, biochemical properties of Myc are also compiled, which includes metabolism/pathway, protein abundance, and modulators of protein-protein interactions. The OMICS data related to Myc- like gene expression, proteomics expression using mass-spectrometry and miRNAs targeting Myc were also compiled in MYCbase. The mutation and pathway data from the MYCbase were analyzed to look at the patterns and distributions across different diseases. There were few proteins/genes found common in Myc-protein interactions and Myc-DNA binding, and these can play a significant role in transcriptional feedback loops. Conclusion In this report, we present a comprehensive integration of relevant information regarding Myc in the form of MYCbase. The data compiled in MYCbase provides a reliable data resource for functional sites at the residue level and biochemical properties of Myc in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debangana Chakravorty
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, P 1/12, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Tanmoy Jana
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, P 1/12, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sukhen Das Mandal
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, P 1/12, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India.,Current Address: Department of Biological sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Sudipto Saha
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, P 1/12, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India.
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Kim DM, Jang H, Shin MG, Kim JH, Shin SM, Min SH, Kim IC. β-catenin induces expression of prohibitin gene in acute leukemic cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3201-3208. [PMID: 28440457 PMCID: PMC5442404 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB) is a multifunctional protein conserved in eukaryotic systems and shows various expression levels in tumor cells. However, regulation of PHB is not clearly understood. Here, we focused on the regulation of PHB expression by Wnt signaling, one of dominant regulatory signals in various leukemic cells. High mRNA levels of PHB were found in half of clinical leukemia samples. PHB expression was increased by inhibition of the MAPK pathway and decreased by activation of EGF signal. Although cell proliferating signals downregulated the transcription of PHB, treatment with lithium chloride, an analog of the Wnt signal, induced PHB level in various cell types. We identified the TCF-4/LEF-1 binding motif, CATCTG, in the promoter region of PHB by site-directed mutagenesis and ChIP assay. This β-catenin-mediated activation of PHB expression was independent of c‑MYC activation, a product of Wnt signaling. These data indicate that PHB is a direct target of β-catenin and the increased level of PHB in leukemia can be regulated by Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Kim
- Center for Applied Life Science, Hanbat National University, Daejon 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbit Jang
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun 519-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mo Shin
- Center for Applied Life Science, Hanbat National University, Daejon 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, Daegu 701-310, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Chul Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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50
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Abstract
Angiogenesis has traditionally been viewed from the perspective of how endothelial cells (ECs) coordinate migration and proliferation in response to growth factor activation to form new vessel branches. However, ECs must also coordinate their metabolism and adapt metabolic fluxes to the rising energy and biomass demands of branching vessels. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of such metabolic regulation in the endothelium and uncovered core metabolic pathways and mechanisms of regulation that drive the angiogenic process. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of EC metabolism, how it intersects with angiogenic signal transduction, and how alterations in metabolic pathways affect vessel morphogenesis. Understanding EC metabolism promises to reveal new perspectives on disease mechanisms in the vascular system with therapeutic implications for disorders with aberrant vessel growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; .,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, D-13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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