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Chen S, Rahn RM, Bice AR, Bice SH, Padawer-Curry JA, Hengen KB, Dougherty JD, Culver JP. Visual Deprivation during Mouse Critical Period Reorganizes Network-Level Functional Connectivity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1019232024. [PMID: 38538145 PMCID: PMC11079959 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1019-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we use wide-field fluorescence optical imaging (WFOI) to characterize calcium-based resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3 d) MD in female and male mice with genetically encoded calcium indicators (Thy1-GCaMP6f). We first establish the fundamental performance of WFOI by computing signal to noise properties throughout our data processing pipeline. Following MD, we found that Δ band (0.4-4 Hz) GCaMP6 activity in the deprived visual cortex decreased, suggesting that excitatory activity in this region was reduced by MD. In addition, interhemispheric visual homotopic functional connectivity decreased following MD, which was accompanied by a reduction in parietal and motor homotopic connectivity. Finally, we observed enhanced internetwork connectivity between the visual and parietal cortex that peaked 2 d after MD. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that early MD induces dynamic reorganization of disparate functional networks including the association cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Rachel M Rahn
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Annie R Bice
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Seana H Bice
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Keith B Hengen
- Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Imaging Science PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Biophotonics Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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2
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Jirsaraie RJ, Palma AM, Small SL, Sandman CA, Davis EP, Baram TZ, Stern H, Glynn LM, Yassa MA. Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Mood Entropy Is Associated With a Weakened and Inflexible Salience Network in Adolescence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:207-216. [PMID: 37611745 PMCID: PMC10881896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal exposure to maternal mood dysregulation influences child cognitive and emotional development, which may have long-lasting implications for mental health. However, the neurobiological alterations associated with this dimension of adversity have yet to be explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that fetal exposure to entropy, a novel index of dysregulated maternal mood, would predict the integrity of the salience network, which is involved in emotional processing. METHODS A sample of 138 child-mother pairs (70 females) participated in this prospective longitudinal study. Maternal negative mood level and entropy (an index of variable and unpredictable mood) were assessed 5 times during pregnancy. Adolescents engaged in a functional magnetic resonance imaging task that was acquired between 2 resting-state scans. Changes in network integrity were analyzed using mixed-effect and latent growth curve models. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations was analyzed to corroborate findings. RESULTS Prenatal maternal mood entropy, but not mood level, was associated with salience network integrity. Both prenatal negative mood level and entropy were associated with the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations of the salience network. Latent class analysis yielded 2 profiles based on changes in network integrity across all functional magnetic resonance imaging sequences. The profile that exhibited little variation in network connectivity (i.e., inflexibility) consisted of adolescents who were exposed to higher negative maternal mood levels and more entropy. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that fetal exposure to maternal mood dysregulation is associated with a weakened and inflexible salience network. More broadly, they identify maternal mood entropy as a novel marker of early adversity that exhibits long-lasting associations with offspring brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Jirsaraie
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Anton M Palma
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Steven L Small
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Curt A Sandman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Tallie Z Baram
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Hal Stern
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California.
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
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3
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Chen S, Rahn RM, Bice AR, Bice SH, Padawer-Curry JA, Hengen KB, Dougherty JD, Culver JP. Visual deprivation during mouse critical period reorganizes network-level functional connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542957. [PMID: 37398380 PMCID: PMC10312598 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we used longitudinal wide-field optical calcium imaging to measure resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3-day) MD in mice. First, delta GCaMP6 power in the deprived visual cortex decreased, suggesting that excitatory activity was reduced in the region. In parallel, interhemispheric visual homotopic functional connectivity was rapidly reduced by the disruption of visual drive through MD and was sustained significantly below baseline state. This reduction of visual homotopic connectivity was accompanied by a reduction in parietal and motor homotopic connectivity. Finally, we observed enhanced internetwork connectivity between visual and parietal cortex that peaked at MD2. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that early MD induces dynamic reorganization of disparate functional networks including association cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M. Rahn
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie R. Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Seana H. Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonah A. Padawer-Curry
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Keith B. Hengen
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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4
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Colenbier N, Sareen E, Del-Aguila Puntas T, Griffa A, Pellegrino G, Mantini D, Marinazzo D, Arcara G, Amico E. Task matters: Individual MEG signatures from naturalistic and neurophysiological brain states. Neuroimage 2023; 271:120021. [PMID: 36918139 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that human brain connectivity data can be used as a "fingerprint" to identify a given individual from a population, has become a burgeoning research area in the neuroscience field. Recent studies have identified the possibility to extract these brain signatures from the temporal rich dynamics of resting-state magneto encephalography (MEG) recordings. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain to what extent MEG signatures can serve as an indicator of human identifiability during task-related conduct. Here, using MEG data from naturalistic and neurophysiological tasks, we show that identification improves in tasks relative to resting-state, providing compelling evidence for a task dependent axis of MEG signatures. Notably, improvements in identifiability were more prominent in strictly controlled tasks. Lastly, the brain regions contributing most towards individual identification were also modified when engaged in task activities. We hope that this investigation advances our understanding of the driving factors behind brain identification from MEG signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekansh Sareen
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Del-Aguila Puntas
- Laboratorio de Psicobiologia, Departmento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Leenaards Memory Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Marinazzo
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Enrico Amico
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Zhang W, Andrews-Hanna JR, Mair RW, Goh JOS, Gutchess A. Functional connectivity with medial temporal regions differs across cultures during post-encoding rest. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1334-1348. [PMID: 35896854 PMCID: PMC9703377 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Connectivity of the brain at rest can reflect individual differences and impact behavioral outcomes, including memory. The present study investigated how culture influences functional connectivity with regions of the medial temporal lobe. In this study, 46 Americans and 59 East Asians completed a resting state scan after encoding pictures of objects. To investigate cross-cultural differences in resting state functional connectivity, left parahippocampal gyrus (anterior and posterior regions) and left hippocampus were selected as seed regions. These regions were selected, because they were previously implicated in a study of cultural differences during the successful encoding of detailed memories. Results revealed that left posterior parahippocampal gyrus had stronger connectivity with temporo-occipital regions for East Asians compared with Americans and stronger connectivity with parieto-occipital regions for Americans compared with East Asians. Left anterior parahippocampal gyrus had stronger connectivity with temporal regions for East Asians than Americans and stronger connectivity with frontal regions for Americans than East Asians. Although connectivity did not relate to memory performance, patterns did relate to cultural values. The degree of independent self-construal and subjective value of tradition were associated with functional connectivity involving left anterior parahippocampal gyrus. Findings are discussed in terms of potential cultural differences in memory consolidation or more general trait or state-based processes, such as holistic versus analytic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS 062, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Jessica R Andrews-Hanna
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Cognitive Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ross W Mair
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joshua Oon Soo Goh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS 062, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
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6
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Yin S, Xiong J, Zhu X, Li R, Li J. Cognitive training modified age-related brain changes in older adults with subjective memory decline. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1997-2005. [PMID: 34498987 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1972931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuroimaging findings suggest that older adults with subjective memory decline (SMD) demonstrate some neurodegenerative brain changes and have high risk of developing dementia, but relatively little is known about the effectiveness of interventions for SMD. This study aimed to examine the effects of cognitive training on resting-state brain activity in SMD. METHOD This study employed the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analyses. After baseline evaluations, participants were randomly allocated to the intervention and control group to receive a four-week cognitive training and lectures on health and aging, respectively. All participants were scanned before and after training with an interval of about three months. RESULTS (1) Participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements on the Associative Learning Test (ALT) and the Digit Span Forward task compared to the control group; (2) ALFF in the occipital lobe for the control group increased significantly, while that for the intervention group remained the same; ALFF changes were negatively correlated with ALT performance in the control group; (3) The mean value of rs-FC for the intervention group decreased, while that for the control group showed a trend of increase; rs-FC changes were also negatively correlated with ALT performance in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Resting-state brain activities in occipital region increased with aging. The cognitive training could counteract this brain function changes associated with aging or even reverse the changes. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of brain plasticity in posterior areas in SMD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-IOR-15006165 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Yin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Xiong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Yu M, Song Y, Liu J. The posterior middle temporal gyrus serves as a hub in syntactic comprehension: A model on the syntactic neural network. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2022; 232:105162. [PMID: 35908340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have revealed a distributed neural network involving multiple fronto-temporal regions that are active during syntactic processing. Here, we investigated how these regions work collaboratively to support syntactic comprehension by examining the behavioral relevance of the global functional integration of the syntax network (SN). We found that individuals with a stronger resting-state within-network integration in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (lpMTG) were better at syntactic comprehension. Furthermore, the pair-wise functional connectivity between the lpMTG and the Broca's area, the middle frontal gyrus, and the angular and supramarginal gyri was positively correlated with participants' syntactic processing ability. In short, our study reveals the behavioral significance of intrinsic functional integration of the SN in syntactic comprehension, and provides empirical evidence for the hub-like role of the lpMTG. We proposed a neural model for syntactic comprehension highlighting the hub of the SN and its interactions with other regions in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Yu
- Bilingual Cognition and Development Lab, Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology & Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Effects of aging on functional connectivity in a neurodegenerative risk cohort: resting state versus task measurement using near-infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11262. [PMID: 35788629 PMCID: PMC9253312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in functional brain organization are considered to be particularly sensitive to age-related effects and may precede structural cognitive decline. Recent research focuses on aging processes determined by resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC), but little is known about differences in FC during RS and cognitive task conditions in elderly participants. The purpose of this study is to compare FC within and between the cognitive control (CCN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) at RS and during a cognitive task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In a matched, neurodegenerative high-risk cohort comprising early (n = 98; 50–65 y) and late (n = 98; 65–85 y) elder subjects, FC was measured at RS and during performance of the Trail Making Test (TMT) via fNIRS. Both, under RS and task conditions our results revealed a main effect for age, characterized by reduced FC for late elder subjects within the left inferior frontal gyrus. During performance of the TMT, negative correlations of age and FC were confirmed in various regions of the CCN and DAN. For the whole sample, FC of within-region connections was elevated, while FC between regions was decreased at RS. The results confirm a reorganization of functional brain connectivity with increasing age and cognitive demands.
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9
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Zhi D, King M, Hernandez-Castillo CR, Diedrichsen J. Evaluating brain parcellations using the distance-controlled boundary coefficient. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3706-3720. [PMID: 35451538 PMCID: PMC9294308 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One important approach to human brain mapping is to define a set of distinct regions that can be linked to unique functions. Numerous brain parcellations have been proposed, using cytoarchitectonic, structural, or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The intrinsic smoothness of brain data, however, poses a problem for current methods seeking to compare different parcellations. For example, criteria that simply compare within‐parcel to between‐parcel similarity provide even random parcellations with a high value. Furthermore, the evaluation is biased by the spatial scale of the parcellation. To address this problem, we propose the distance‐controlled boundary coefficient (DCBC), an unbiased criterion to evaluate discrete parcellations. We employ this new criterion to evaluate existing parcellations of the human neocortex in their power to predict functional boundaries for an fMRI data set with many different tasks, as well as for resting‐state data. We find that common anatomical parcellations do not perform better than chance, suggesting that task‐based functional boundaries do not align well with sulcal landmarks. Parcellations based on resting‐state fMRI data perform well; in some cases, as well as a parcellation defined on the evaluation data itself. Finally, multi‐modal parcellations that combine functional and anatomical criteria perform substantially worse than those based on functional data alone, indicating that functionally homogeneous regions often span major anatomical landmarks. Overall, the DCBC advances the field of functional brain mapping by providing an unbiased metric that compares the predictive ability of different brain parcellations to define brain regions that are functionally maximally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhi
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maedbh King
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Jörn Diedrichsen
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Navarro-Cebrián A, Fischer J. Precise functional connections between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and areas recruited for physical inference. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3660-3673. [PMID: 35441423 PMCID: PMC9544738 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has identified brain areas that are engaged when people predict how the physical behavior of the world will unfold - an ability termed intuitive physics. Among the many unanswered questions about the neural mechanisms of intuitive physics is where the key inputs come from: which brain regions connect up with intuitive physics processes to regulate when and how they are engaged in service of our goals? In the present work, we targeted the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) for study based on characteristics that make it well-positioned to regulate intuitive physics processes. The dACC is richly interconnected with frontoparietal regions and is implicated in mapping contexts to actions, a process that would benefit from physical predictions to indicate which action(s) would produce the desired physical outcomes. We collected resting state functional MRI data in seventeen participants and used independent task-related runs to find the pattern of activity during a physical inference task in each individual participant. We found that the strongest resting state functional connections of the dACC not only aligned well with physical inference-related activity at the group level, it also mirrored individual differences in the positioning of physics-related activity across participants. Our results suggest that the dACC might be a key structure for regulating the engagement of intuitive physics processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navarro-Cebrián
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jason Fischer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Taylor JE, Yamada T, Kawashima T, Kobayashi Y, Yoshihara Y, Miyata J, Murai T, Kawato M, Motegi T. Depressive symptoms reduce when dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-precuneus connectivity normalizes after functional connectivity neurofeedback. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2581. [PMID: 35173179 PMCID: PMC8850610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders contribute heavily to global disease burden; This is possibly because patients are often treated homogeneously, despite having heterogeneous symptoms with differing underlying neural mechanisms. A novel treatment that can directly influence the neural circuit relevant to an individual patient's subset of symptoms might more precisely and thus effectively aid in the alleviation of their specific symptoms. We tested this hypothesis in a proof-of-concept study using fMRI functional connectivity neurofeedback. We targeted connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex/middle frontal gyrus and the left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, because this connection has been well-established as relating to a specific subset of depressive symptoms. Specifically, this connectivity has been shown in a data-driven manner to be less anticorrelated in patients with melancholic depression than in healthy controls. Furthermore, a posterior cingulate dominant state-which results in a loss of this anticorrelation-is expected to specifically relate to an increase in rumination symptoms such as brooding. In line with predictions, we found that, with neurofeedback training, the more a participant normalized this connectivity (restored the anticorrelation), the more related (depressive and brooding symptoms), but not unrelated (trait anxiety), symptoms were reduced. Because these results look promising, this paradigm next needs to be examined with a greater sample size and with better controls. Nonetheless, here we provide preliminary evidence for a correlation between the normalization of a neural network and a reduction in related symptoms. Showing their reproducibility, these results were found in two experiments that took place several years apart by different experimenters. Indicative of its potential clinical utility, effects of this treatment remained one-two months later.Clinical trial registration: Both experiments reported here were registered clinical trials (UMIN000015249, jRCTs052180169).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Elizabeth Taylor
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef), Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2. Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef), Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2. Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan.,Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, USA.,Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kawashima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yujiro Yoshihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kawato
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef), Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2. Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Motegi
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef), Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2. Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
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12
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Sidtis JJ. Cerebral Blood Flow Is Not a Direct Surrogate of Behavior: Performance Models Suggest a Role for Functional Meta-Networks. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:771594. [PMID: 35242005 PMCID: PMC8885809 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.771594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundFunctional brain imaging has become the dominant approach to the study of brain-behavior relationships. Unfortunately, the behavior half of the equation has been relegated to second-class status when it is not ignored completely. Different approaches to connectivity, based on temporally correlated physiological events across the brain, have ascended in place of behavior. A performance-based analysis has been developed as a simple, basic approach to incorporating specific performance measures obtained during imaging into the analysis of the imaging data identifying clinically relevant regions.MethodsThis paper contrasts performance-based lateralized regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) predictors of speech rate during Positron Emission Tomography with the values of these regions and their opposite hemisphere homologs in which a performance-based model was not applied. Five studies were examined: two that utilized normal speakers, one that utilized ataxic speakers, and two that examined Parkinsonian speakers.ResultsIn each study, the predictors were lateralized but the blood flow values that contributed to the performance-based analysis were bilateral. The speech-rate predictor regions were consistent with clinical studies on the effects of focal brain damage.ConclusionsThis approach has identified a basic, reproducible blood flow network that has predicted speech rate in multiple normal and neurologic groups. While the predictors are lateralized consistent with lesion data, the blood flow values of these regions are neither lateralized nor distinguished from their opposite hemisphere homologs in their magnitudes. The consistent differences between regional blood flow values and their corresponding regression coefficients in predicting performance suggests the presence of functional meta-networks that orchestrate the contributions of specific brain regions in support of mental and behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Sidtis
- Brain and Behavior Laboratory, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: John J. Sidtis,
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13
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Stern ER, Eng GK, De Nadai AS, Iosifescu DV, Tobe RH, Collins KA. Imbalance between default mode and sensorimotor connectivity is associated with perseverative thinking in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:19. [PMID: 35022398 PMCID: PMC8755709 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly heterogeneous. Although perseverative negative thinking (PT) is a feature of OCD, little is known about its neural mechanisms or relationship to clinical heterogeneity in the disorder. In a sample of 85 OCD patients, we investigated the relationships between self-reported PT, clinical symptom subtypes, and resting-state functional connectivity measures of local and global connectivity. Results indicated that PT scores were highly variable within the OCD sample, with greater PT relating to higher severity of the "unacceptable thoughts" symptom dimension. PT was positively related to local connectivity in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), pregenual ACC, and the temporal poles-areas that are part of, or closely linked to, the default mode network (DMN)-and negatively related to local connectivity in sensorimotor cortex. While the majority of patients showed higher local connectivity strengths in sensorimotor compared to DMN regions, OCD patients with higher PT scores had less of an imbalance between sensorimotor and DMN connectivity than those with lower PT scores, with healthy controls exhibiting an intermediate pattern. Clinically, this imbalance was related to both the "unacceptable thoughts" and "symmetry/not-just-right-experiences" symptom dimensions, but in opposite directions. These effects remained significant after accounting for variance related to psychiatric comorbidity and medication use in the OCD sample, and no significant relationships were found between PT and global connectivity. These data indicate that PT is related to symptom and neural variability in OCD. Future work may wish to target this circuity when developing personalized interventions for patients with these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Stern
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Goi Khia Eng
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Alessandro S. De Nadai
- grid.264772.20000 0001 0682 245XDepartment of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX USA
| | - Dan V. Iosifescu
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Russell H. Tobe
- grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Katherine A. Collins
- grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY USA
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14
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Ni H, Song M, Qin J, Jiang T. Individual Discriminative Ability of Resting Functional Brain Connectivity is Susceptible to the Time Span of MRI Scans. Neuroscience 2021; 482:43-52. [PMID: 34914970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that resting-state brain functional connectivity (RSFC) has the potential to discriminate among individuals in a population. These studies mostly utilized a pattern of RSFC obtained from one scan to identify a given individual from the set of patterns obtained from the second scan. However, it remains unclear whether the discriminative ability would change with the extension of the time span between the two brain scans. This study explores the variations in the discriminative ability of RSFC on eight time spans, including 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 1 month, 3-6 months, 7-12 months, 1-2 years and 2-3 years. We first searched for a set of the most discriminative RSFCs using the data of 200 healthy adult subjects from the Human Connectome Project dataset, and we then utilized this set of RSFCs to identify individuals from a population. The variations in the discriminative accuracies over different time spans were evaluated on datasets from a total of 682 unseen adult subjects acquired from four different sites. We found that although the accuracies were detectable at above-chance levels, the discriminative accuracies showed a significant decrease (F = 17.87, p < 0.01) along with the extension of brain imaging time span, from over 90% within one month to 66% at 2-3 years. Furthermore, the decreasing trend was robust and not dependent on the training set or analysis method. Therefore, we suggest that the discriminative ability of RSFC in identifying individuals should be susceptible to the length of time between brain scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangjing Ni
- Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming Song
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jiaolong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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15
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Sisakhti M, Sachdev PS, Batouli SAH. The Effect of Cognitive Load on the Retrieval of Long-Term Memory: An fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:700146. [PMID: 34720904 PMCID: PMC8548369 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.700146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the less well-understood aspects of memory function is the mechanism by which the brain responds to an increasing load of memory, either during encoding or retrieval. Identifying the brain structures which manage this increasing cognitive demand would enhance our knowledge of human memory. Despite numerous studies about the effect of cognitive loads on working memory processes, whether these can be applied to long-term memory processes is unclear. We asked 32 healthy young volunteers to memorize all possible details of 24 images over a 12-day period ending 2 days before the fMRI scan. The images were of 12 categories relevant to daily events, with each category including a high and a low load image. Behavioral assessments on a separate group of participants (#22) provided the average loads of the images. The participants had to retrieve these previously memorized images during the fMRI scan in 15 s, with their eyes closed. We observed seven brain structures showing the highest activation with increasing load of the retrieved images, viz. parahippocampus, cerebellum, superior lateral occipital, fusiform and lingual gyri, precuneus, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Some structures showed reduced activation when retrieving higher load images, such as the anterior cingulate, insula, and supramarginal and postcentral gyri. The findings of this study revealed that the mechanism by which a difficult-to-retrieve memory is handled is mainly by elevating the activation of the responsible brain areas and not by getting other brain regions involved, which is a help to better understand the LTM retrieval process in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Sisakhti
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Vidaurre D, Llera A, Smith SM, Woolrich MW. Behavioural relevance of spontaneous, transient brain network interactions in fMRI. Neuroimage 2021; 229:117713. [PMID: 33421594 PMCID: PMC7994296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How spontaneously fluctuating functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals in different brain regions relate to behaviour has been an open question for decades. Correlations in these signals, known as functional connectivity, can be averaged over several minutes of data to provide a stable representation of the functional network architecture for an individual. However, associations between these stable features and behavioural traits have been shown to be dominated by individual differences in anatomy. Here, using kernel learning tools, we propose methods to assess and compare the relation between time-varying functional connectivity, time-averaged functional connectivity, structural brain data, and non-imaging subject behavioural traits. We applied these methods to Human Connectome Project resting-state fMRI data to show that time-varying fMRI functional connectivity, detected at time-scales of a few seconds, has associations with some behavioural traits that are not dominated by anatomy. Despite time-averaged functional connectivity accounting for the largest proportion of variability in the fMRI signal between individuals, we found that some aspects of intelligence could only be explained by time-varying functional connectivity. The finding that time-varying fMRI functional connectivity has a unique relationship to population behavioural variability suggests that it might reflect transient neuronal communication fluctuating around a stable neural architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vidaurre
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX37JX UK; Wellcome Trust Center for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX37JX UK,.
| | - A Llera
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 Netherlands
| | - S M Smith
- Wellcome Trust Center for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX37JX UK
| | - M W Woolrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX37JX UK; Wellcome Trust Center for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX37JX UK
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17
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Legget KT, Wylie KP, Cornier MA, Berman BD, Tregellas JR. Altered between-network connectivity in individuals prone to obesity. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113242. [PMID: 33157075 PMCID: PMC7775284 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigating intrinsic brain functional connectivity may help identify the neurobiology underlying cognitive patterns and biases contributing to obesity propensity. To address this, the current study used a novel whole-brain, data-driven approach to examine functional connectivity differences in large-scale network interactions between obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) individuals. METHODS OR (N = 24) and OP (N = 25) adults completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during rest. Large-scale brain networks were identified using independent component analysis (ICA). Voxel-specific between-network connectivity analysis assessed correlations between ICA component time series' and individual voxel time series, identifying regions strongly connected to many networks, i.e., "hubs". RESULTS Significant group differences in between-network connectivity (OP vs. OR; FDR-corrected) were observed in bilateral basal ganglia (left: q = 0.009; right: q = 0.010) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC; q = 0.026), with OP>OR. Basal ganglia differences were largely driven by a more strongly negative correlation with a lateral sensorimotor network in OP, with dlPFC differences driven by a more strongly negative correlation with an inferior visual network in OP. CONCLUSIONS Greater between-network connectivity was observed in the basal ganglia and dlPFC in OP, driven by stronger associations with lateral sensorimotor and inferior visual networks, respectively. This may reflect a disrupted balance between goal-directed and habitual control systems and between internal/external monitoring processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina T Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Korey P Wylie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian D Berman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Neurology Section, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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18
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Xiong Z, Tian C, Zeng X, Huang J, Wang R. The Relationship of Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor and Visual Cortical Networks Between Resting and Task States. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:592720. [PMID: 33510609 PMCID: PMC7835730 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.592720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic activity of the human brain maintains its general operation at rest, and this ongoing spontaneous activity exhibits a high level of spatiotemporally correlated activity among different cortical areas, showing intrinsically organized brain functional connectivity (FC) networks. Many functional network properties of the human brain have been investigated extensively for both rest and task states, but the relationship between these two states has been rarely investigated yet and remains unclear. Comparing well-defined task-specific networks with corresponding intrinsic FC networks may reveal their relationship and improve our understanding of the brain's operations at both rest and task states. This study investigated the relationship of the sensorimotor and visual cortical FC networks between the resting and task states. The sensorimotor task was to rub right-hand fingers, and the visual task was to open and close eyes, respectively. Our study demonstrated a general relationship of the task-evoked FC network with its corresponding intrinsic FC network, regardless of the tasks. For each task type, the study showed that (1) the intrinsic and task-evoked FC networks shared a common network and the task enhanced the coactivity within that common network compared to the intrinsic activity; (2) some areas within the intrinsic FC network were not activated by the task, and therefore, the task activated only partial but not whole of the intrinsic FC network; and (3) the task activated substantial additional areas outside the intrinsic FC network and therefore recruited more intrinsic FC networks to perform the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenliang Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chong Tian
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianchun Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rongpin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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19
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Garcia JO, Ashourvan A, Thurman SM, Srinivasan R, Bassett DS, Vettel JM. Reconfigurations within resonating communities of brain regions following TMS reveal different scales of processing. Netw Neurosci 2020; 4:611-636. [PMID: 32885118 PMCID: PMC7462427 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An overarching goal of neuroscience research is to understand how heterogeneous neuronal ensembles cohere into networks of coordinated activity to support cognition. To investigate how local activity harmonizes with global signals, we measured electroencephalography (EEG) while single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) perturbed occipital and parietal cortices. We estimate the rapid network reconfigurations in dynamic network communities within specific frequency bands of the EEG, and characterize two distinct features of network reconfiguration, flexibility and allegiance, among spatially distributed neural sources following TMS. Using distance from the stimulation site to infer local and global effects, we find that alpha activity (8–12 Hz) reflects concurrent local and global effects on network dynamics. Pairwise allegiance of brain regions to communities on average increased near the stimulation site, whereas TMS-induced changes to flexibility were generally invariant to distance and stimulation site. In contrast, communities within the beta (13–20 Hz) band demonstrated a high level of spatial specificity, particularly within a cluster comprising paracentral areas. Together, these results suggest that focal magnetic neurostimulation to distinct cortical sites can help identify both local and global effects on brain network dynamics, and highlight fundamental differences in the manifestation of network reconfigurations within alpha and beta frequency bands. TMS may be used to probe the causal link between local regional activity and global brain dynamics. Using simultaneous TMS-EEG and dynamic community detection, we introduce what we call “resonating communities” or frequency band-specific clusters in the brain, as a way to index local and global processing. These resonating communities within the alpha and beta bands display both global (or integrating) behavior and local specificity, highlighting fundamental differences in the manifestation of network reconfigurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O Garcia
- U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Arian Ashourvan
- U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Thurman
- U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Ramesh Srinivasan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean M Vettel
- U.S. Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
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20
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Müller N, Dresler M, Janzen G, Beckmann C, Fernández G, Kohn N. Medial prefrontal decoupling from the default mode network benefits memory. Neuroimage 2020; 210:116543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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21
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Gabitov E, Lungu O, Albouy G, Doyon J. Weaker Inter-hemispheric and Local Functional Connectivity of the Somatomotor Cortex During a Motor Skill Acquisition Is Associated With Better Learning. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1242. [PMID: 31827459 PMCID: PMC6890719 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, an increasing interest in investigating interactions between brain regions using functional connectivity (FC) methods has shifted the initial focus of cognitive neuroimaging research from localizing functional circuits based on task activation to mapping brain networks based on intrinsic FC dynamics. Leveraging the advantages of the latter approach, it has been shown that despite primarily invariant intrinsic organization of the large-scale functional networks, interactions between and within these networks significantly differ between various behavioral and cognitive states. These differences presumably indicate transient reconfiguration of functional connections-an instantaneous process that flexibly mediates and calibrates human behavior according to momentary demands of the environment. Nevertheless, the specificity of these reconfigured FC patterns to the task at hand and their relevance to adaptive processes during learning remain elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated (1) to what extent FC within the somatomotor network is reconfigured during motor skill practice, and (2) how these changes are related to learning. We applied a seed-driven FC approach to data collected during a continuous task-free condition, so-called resting state, and during a motor sequence learning task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. During the task, participants repeatedly performed a short five-element sequence with their non-dominant (left) hand. As predicted, such unimanual sequence production was associated with lateralized activation of the right somatomotor cortex (SMC). Using this "active" region as a seed, here we show that unimanual performance of the motor sequence relies on functional segregation between the two SMC and selective integration between the "active" SMC and supplementary motor area. Whereas, greater segregation between the two SMC was associated with gains in performance rate, greater segregation within the "active" SMC itself was associated with more consistent performance by the end of training. Nether the resting-state FC patterns within the somatomotor network nor their relative modulation by the task state predicted these behavioral benefits of learning. Our results suggest that task-induced FC changes reflect reconfiguration of the connectivity patterns within the somatomotor network rather than a simple amplification or silencing of its intrinsic dynamics. Such reconfiguration not only supports motor behavior but may also predict learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Gabitov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Albouy
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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Kim D, Kay K, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. A New Modular Brain Organization of the BOLD Signal during Natural Vision. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3065-3081. [PMID: 28981593 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The resting blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal is synchronized in large-scale brain networks (resting-state networks, RSNs) defined by interregional temporal correlations (functional connectivity, FC). RSNs are thought to place strong constraints on task-evoked processing since they largely match the networks observed during task performance. However, this result may simply reflect the presence of spontaneous activity during both rest and task. Here, we examined the BOLD network structure of natural vision, as simulated by viewing of movies, using procedures that minimized the contribution of spontaneous activity. We found that the correlation between resting and movie-evoked FC (ρ = 0.60) was lower than previously reported. Hierarchical clustering and graph-theory analyses indicated a well-defined network structure during natural vision that differed from the resting structure, and emphasized functional groupings adaptive for natural vision. The visual network merged with a network for navigation, scene analysis, and scene memory. Conversely, the dorsal attention network was split and reintegrated into 2 groupings likely related to vision/scene and sound/action processing. Finally, higher order groupings from the clustering analysis combined internally directed and externally directed RSNs violating the large-scale distinction that governs resting-state organization. We conclude that the BOLD FC evoked by natural vision is only partly constrained by the resting network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- DoHyun Kim
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kendrick Kay
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Gordon L Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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23
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Seleznov I, Zyma I, Kiyono K, Tukaev S, Popov A, Chernykh M, Shpenkov O. Detrended Fluctuation, Coherence, and Spectral Power Analysis of Activation Rearrangement in EEG Dynamics During Cognitive Workload. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:270. [PMID: 31440151 PMCID: PMC6694837 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study of human cognitive activity using electroencephalogram (EEG), the brain dynamics parameters and characteristics play a crucial role. They allow to investigate the changes in functionality depending on the environment and task performance process, and also to access the intensity of the brain activity in various locations of the cortex and its dependencies. Usually, the dynamics of activation of different brain areas during the cognitive tasks are being studied by spectral analysis based on power spectral density (PSD) estimation, and coherence analysis, which are de facto standard tools in quantitative characterization of brain activity. PSD and coherence reflect the strength of oscillations and similarity of the emergence of these oscillations in the brain, respectively, while the concept of stability of brain activity over time is not well defined and less formalized. We propose to employ the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) as a measure of the EEG persistence over time, and use the DFA scaling exponent as its quantitative characteristics. We applied DFA to the study of the changes in activation in brain dynamics during mental calculations and united it with PSD and coherence estimation. In the experiment, EEGs during resting state and mental serial subtraction from 36 subjects were recorded and analyzed in four frequency ranges: θ1 (4.1-5.8 Hz), θ2 (5.9-7.4 Hz), β1 (13-19.9 Hz), and β2 (20-25 Hz). PSD maps to access the intensity of cortex activation and coherence to quantify the connections between different brain areas were calculated, the distribution of DFA scaling exponent over the head surface was exploited to measure the time characteristics of the dynamics of brain activity. Obtained arrangements of DFA scaling exponent suggest that normal functioning of the brain is characterized by long-term temporal correlations in the cortex. Topographical distribution of the DFA scaling exponent was comparable for θ and β frequency bands, demonstrating the largest values of DFA scaling exponent during cognitive activation. The study shows that the long-term temporal correlations evaluated by DFA can be of great interest for diagnosis of the variety of brain dysfunctions of different etiology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Seleznov
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Zyma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sergii Tukaev
- Department of Physiology of Brain and Psychophysiology, Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Social Communication, Institute of Journalism, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory on Theory and Methodic of Sport Preparation and Reserve Capabilities of Athletes, Scientific Research Institute, National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
- R&D Engineering, Ciklum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariia Chernykh
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Shpenkov
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Mohammad Alipour Z, Mohammadkhani S, Khosrowabadi R. Alteration of perceived emotion and brain functional connectivity by changing the musical rhythmic pattern. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2607-2619. [PMID: 31372689 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of musical notes and their time intervals, also known as musical rhythm is one of the core elements of music. Nevertheless, the cognitive process and neural mechanism of the human brain that underlay the perception of musical rhythm are poorly understood. In this study, we hypothesized that changes in musical rhythmic patterns alter the emotional content expressed by music and the way it is perceived, that assumably causes specific changes in the brain functional connectome. Therefore, 18 male children aged 10-14 years old were recruited and exposed to 12 musical excerpts while their brain's electrical activity was recorded using a 32-channel EEG recorder. The musical rhythmic patterns were changed by manipulating only note values in beats while keeping time signature and other elements in a fixed state. The experienced emotions were assessed using a 2-dimensional self-assessment manikin questionnaire. The behavioral data showed that an increase in the complexity of musical rhythmic patterns significantly enhances perceived valence and arousal levels. In addition, the pattern of brain functional connectivity was also estimated using the weighted phase lag index and their association with behavioral changes was calculated. Interestingly, the behavioral changes were mainly associated with alteration of brain functional connectivity at the alpha band in the fronto-central connections. These results emphasize the important role of the motor cortical site-fronto-central connections, in the perception of musical rhythmic pattern. These findings may improve conception of the underlying brain mechanism involved in the perception of musical rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaleh Mohammad Alipour
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin Sq., 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin Sq., 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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When to collect resting-state data: The influence of odor on post-task resting-state connectivity. Neuroimage 2019; 191:361-366. [PMID: 30818023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain networks at rest represent spontaneous activity that is highly correlated between different brain regions. Previous studies have shown that these resting-state networks are flexible and dynamic, and they can be affected by performance of different types of tasks. Moreover, it has been suggested that the re-activation of a task-related brain network during rest promotes learning and improves the expertise on that task. However, it is still unclear whether the presence of different sensory information in the on-task state affects functional connectivity in subsequent resting-state fMRI even though the perception of the sensory information did not induce significant behavioral effects. To clarify this issue, we compared pre- and post-task resting-state fMRI of two groups of participants performing the same task either with an odor context (ODOR group) or without an odor context (AIR group). Seed-based functional connectivity analyses were performed with orbitofrontal cortex, piriform cortex and working-memory core network as seeds. The results showed that an odor context presented during an encoding task induced significant changes in the functional connectivity only within the olfactory network of the post-task resting-state compared to the same post-task situation without previous odor context. No significant difference in functional connectivity were found for the working-memory core network. This evidence emphasizes how the sensory context, in which a task is performed, is relevant for understanding the observed changes of functional connectivity during rest.
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26
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Carey D, Nolan H, Kenny RA, Meaney J. Cortical covariance networks in ageing: Cross-sectional data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Neuropsychologia 2019; 122:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Cabeza R, Stanley ML, Moscovitch M. Process-Specific Alliances (PSAs) in Cognitive Neuroscience. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:996-1010. [PMID: 30224232 PMCID: PMC6657801 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Most cognitive neuroscience theories have focused on the functions of individual brain regions, but cognitive abilities depend also on functional interactions among multiple regions. Many recent studies on these interactions have examined large-scale, resting-state networks, but these networks are difficult to link to theories about specific cognitive processes. Cognitive theories are easier to link to the mini-networks we call process specific alliances (PSAs). A PSA is a small team of brain regions that rapidly assemble to mediate a cognitive process in response to task demands but quickly disassemble when the process is no longer needed. We compare PSAs to resting-state networks and to other connectivity-based, task-related networks, and we characterize the advantages and disadvantages of each type of network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabeza
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Matthew L Stanley
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, North York, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Jiang P, Vuontela V, Tokariev M, Lin H, Aronen ET, Ma Y, Carlson S. Functional connectivity of intrinsic cognitive networks during resting state and task performance in preadolescent children. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205690. [PMID: 30332489 PMCID: PMC6192623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies on adults have shown that functional connectivity (FC) of brain networks can vary depending on the brain state and cognitive challenge. Network connectivity has been investigated quite extensively in children in resting state, much less during tasks and is largely unexplored between these brain states. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and independent component analysis to investigate the functional architecture of large-scale brain networks in 16 children (aged 7–11 years, 11 males) and 16 young adults (aged 22–29 years, 10 males) during resting state and visual working memory tasks. We identified the major neurocognitive intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) in both groups. Children had stronger FC than adults within the cingulo-opercular network in resting state, during task performance, and after controlling for performance differences. During tasks, children had stronger FC than adults also within the default mode (DMN) and right frontoparietal (rFPN) networks, and between the anterior DMN and the frontopolar network, whereas adults had stronger coupling between the anterior DMN and rFPN. Furthermore, children compared to adults modulated the FC strength regarding the rFPN differently between the brain states. The FC within the anterior DMN correlated with age and performance in children so that the younger they were, the stronger was the FC, and the stronger the FC within this network, the slower they performed the tasks. The group differences in the network connectivity reported here, and the observed correlations with task performance, provide insight into the normative development of the preadolescent brain and link maturation of functional connectivity with improving cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Virve Vuontela
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maksym Tokariev
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hai Lin
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eeva T Aronen
- Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Laboratory of Developmental Psychopathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - YuanYe Ma
- Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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29
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Castellazzi G, Bruno SD, Toosy AT, Casiraghi L, Palesi F, Savini G, D'Angelo E, Wheeler-Kingshott CAMG. Prominent Changes in Cerebro-Cerebellar Functional Connectivity During Continuous Cognitive Processing. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:331. [PMID: 30327590 PMCID: PMC6174227 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While task-dependent responses of specific brain areas during cognitive tasks are well established, much less is known about the changes occurring in resting state networks (RSNs) in relation to continuous cognitive processing. In particular, the functional involvement of cerebro-cerebellar loops connecting the posterior cerebellum to associative cortices, remains unclear. In this study, 22 healthy volunteers underwent a multi-session functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol composed of four consecutive 8-min resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scans. After a first control scan, participants listened to a narrated story for the entire duration of the second rs-fMRI scan; two further rs-fMRI scans followed the end of story listening. The story plot was purposely designed to stimulate specific cognitive processes that are known to involve the cerebro-cerebellar loops. Almost all of the identified 15 RSNs showed changes in functional connectivity (FC) during and for several minutes after the story. The FC changes mainly occurred in the frontal and prefrontal cortices and in the posterior cerebellum, especially in Crus I-II and lobule VI. The FC changes occurred in cerebellar clusters belonging to different RSNs, including the cerebellar network (CBLN), sensory networks (lateral visual network, LVN; medial visual network, MVN) and cognitive networks (default mode network, DMN; executive control network, ECN; right and left ventral attention networks, RVAN and LVAN; salience network, SN; language network, LN; and working memory network, WMN). Interestingly, a k-means analysis of FC changes revealed clustering of FCN, ECN, and WMN, which are all involved in working memory functions, CBLN, DMN, and SN, which play a key-role in attention switching, and RSNs involved in visual imagery. These results show that the cerebellum is deeply entrained in well-structured network clusters, which reflect multiple aspects of cognitive processing, during and beyond the conclusion of auditory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Castellazzi
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square MS Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania D Bruno
- Blackheath Brain Injury Rehabilitation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed T Toosy
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Queen Square MS Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Casiraghi
- Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fulvia Palesi
- Brain MRI 3T Center, Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Angela Michela Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square MS Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain MRI 3T Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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30
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Amico E, Goñi J. Mapping hybrid functional-structural connectivity traits in the human connectome. Netw Neurosci 2018; 2:306-322. [PMID: 30259007 PMCID: PMC6145853 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the crucial questions in neuroscience is how a rich functional repertoire of brain states relates to its underlying structural organization. How to study the associations between these structural and functional layers is an open problem that involves novel conceptual ways of tackling this question. We here propose an extension of the Connectivity Independent Component Analysis (connICA) framework, to identify joint structural-functional connectivity traits. Here, we extend connICA to integrate structural and functional connectomes by merging them into common "hybrid" connectivity patterns that represent the connectivity fingerprint of a subject. We test this extended approach on the 100 unrelated subjects from the Human Connectome Project. The method is able to extract main independent structural-functional connectivity patterns from the entire cohort that are sensitive to the realization of different tasks. The hybrid connICA extracted two main task-sensitive hybrid traits. The first, encompassing the within and between connections of dorsal attentional and visual areas, as well as fronto-parietal circuits. The second, mainly encompassing the connectivity between visual, attentional, DMN and subcortical networks. Overall, these findings confirms the potential of the hybrid connICA for the compression of structural/functional connectomes into integrated patterns from a set of individual brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Amico
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
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31
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Hasson U, Egidi G, Marelli M, Willems RM. Grounding the neurobiology of language in first principles: The necessity of non-language-centric explanations for language comprehension. Cognition 2018; 180:135-157. [PMID: 30053570 PMCID: PMC6145924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent decades have ushered in tremendous progress in understanding the neural basis of language. Most of our current knowledge on language and the brain, however, is derived from lab-based experiments that are far removed from everyday language use, and that are inspired by questions originating in linguistic and psycholinguistic contexts. In this paper we argue that in order to make progress, the field needs to shift its focus to understanding the neurobiology of naturalistic language comprehension. We present here a new conceptual framework for understanding the neurobiological organization of language comprehension. This framework is non-language-centered in the computational/neurobiological constructs it identifies, and focuses strongly on context. Our core arguments address three general issues: (i) the difficulty in extending language-centric explanations to discourse; (ii) the necessity of taking context as a serious topic of study, modeling it formally and acknowledging the limitations on external validity when studying language comprehension outside context; and (iii) the tenuous status of the language network as an explanatory construct. We argue that adopting this framework means that neurobiological studies of language will be less focused on identifying correlations between brain activity patterns and mechanisms postulated by psycholinguistic theories. Instead, they will be less self-referential and increasingly more inclined towards integration of language with other cognitive systems, ultimately doing more justice to the neurobiological organization of language and how it supports language as it is used in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hasson
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, The University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Center for Practical Wisdom, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Giovanna Egidi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, The University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Marelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Roel M Willems
- Centre for Language Studies & Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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32
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Cheng L, Zhu Y, Sun J, Deng L, He N, Yang Y, Ling H, Ayaz H, Fu Y, Tong S. Principal States of Dynamic Functional Connectivity Reveal the Link Between Resting-State and Task-State Brain: An fMRI Study. Int J Neural Syst 2018; 28:1850002. [PMID: 29607681 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065718500028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Task-related reorganization of functional connectivity (FC) has been widely investigated. Under classic static FC analysis, brain networks under task and rest have been demonstrated a general similarity. However, brain activity and cognitive process are believed to be dynamic and adaptive. Since static FC inherently ignores the distinct temporal patterns between rest and task, dynamic FC may be more a suitable technique to characterize the brain’s dynamic and adaptive activities. In this study, we adopted [Formula: see text]-means clustering to investigate task-related spatiotemporal reorganization of dynamic brain networks and hypothesized that dynamic FC would be able to reveal the link between resting-state and task-state brain organization, including broadly similar spatial patterns but distinct temporal patterns. In order to test this hypothesis, this study examined the dynamic FC in default-mode network (DMN) and motor-related network (MN) using Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD)-fMRI data from 26 healthy subjects during rest (REST) and a hand closing-and-opening (HCO) task. Two principal FC states in REST and one principal FC state in HCO were identified. The first principal FC state in REST was found similar to that in HCO, which appeared to represent intrinsic network architecture and validated the broadly similar spatial patterns between REST and HCO. However, the second FC principal state in REST with much shorter “dwell time” implied the transient functional relationship between DMN and MN during REST. In addition, a more frequent shifting between two principal FC states indicated that brain network dynamically maintained a “default mode” in the motor system during REST, whereas the presence of a single principal FC state and reduced FC variability implied a more temporally stable connectivity during HCO, validating the distinct temporal patterns between REST and HCO. Our results further demonstrated that dynamic FC analysis could offer unique insights in understanding how the brain reorganizes itself during rest and task states, and the ways in which the brain adaptively responds to the cognitive requirements of tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Second People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Lifu Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Second People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Ling
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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33
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Greene AS, Gao S, Scheinost D, Constable RT. Task-induced brain state manipulation improves prediction of individual traits. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2807. [PMID: 30022026 PMCID: PMC6052101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has begun to relate individual differences in brain functional organization to human behaviors and cognition, but the best brain state to reveal such relationships remains an open question. In two large, independent data sets, we here show that cognitive tasks amplify trait-relevant individual differences in patterns of functional connectivity, such that predictive models built from task fMRI data outperform models built from resting-state fMRI data. Further, certain tasks consistently yield better predictions of fluid intelligence than others, and the task that generates the best-performing models varies by sex. By considering task-induced brain state and sex, the best-performing model explains over 20% of the variance in fluid intelligence scores, as compared to <6% of variance explained by rest-based models. This suggests that identifying and inducing the right brain state in a given group can better reveal brain-behavior relationships, motivating a paradigm shift from rest- to task-based functional connectivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Greene
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA.
| | - Siyuan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - R Todd Constable
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
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34
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Keerativittayayut R, Aoki R, Sarabi MT, Jimura K, Nakahara K. Large-scale network integration in the human brain tracks temporal fluctuations in memory encoding performance. eLife 2018; 7:32696. [PMID: 29911970 PMCID: PMC6039182 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although activation/deactivation of specific brain regions has been shown to be predictive of successful memory encoding, the relationship between time-varying large-scale brain networks and fluctuations of memory encoding performance remains unclear. Here, we investigated time-varying functional connectivity patterns across the human brain in periods of 30–40 s, which have recently been implicated in various cognitive functions. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants performed a memory encoding task, and their performance was assessed with a subsequent surprise memory test. A graph analysis of functional connectivity patterns revealed that increased integration of the subcortical, default-mode, salience, and visual subnetworks with other subnetworks is a hallmark of successful memory encoding. Moreover, multivariate analysis using the graph metrics of integration reliably classified the brain network states into the period of high (vs. low) memory encoding performance. Our findings suggest that a diverse set of brain systems dynamically interact to support successful memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryuta Aoki
- Research Center for Brain Communication, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Koji Jimura
- Research Center for Brain Communication, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nakahara
- School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan.,Research Center for Brain Communication, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
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35
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Konkle T, Caramazza A. The Large-Scale Organization of Object-Responsive Cortex Is Reflected in Resting-State Network Architecture. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4933-4945. [PMID: 27664960 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural responses to visually presented objects have a large-scale spatial organization across the cortex, related to the dimensions of animacy and object size. Most proposals about the origins of this organization point to the influence of differential connectivity with other cortical regions as the key organizing force that drives distinctions in object-responsive cortex. To explore this possibility, we used resting-state functional connectivity to examine the relationship between stimulus-evoked organization of objects, and distinctions in functional network architecture. Using a data-driven analysis, we found evidence for three distinct whole-brain resting-state networks that route through object-responsive cortex, and these naturally manifest the tripartite structure of the stimulus-evoked organization. However, object-responsive regions were also highly correlated with each other at rest. Together, these results point to a nested network architecture, with a local interconnected network across object-responsive cortex and distinctive subnetworks that specifically route these key object distinctions to distinct long-range regions. Broadly, these results point to the viability that long-range connections are a driving force of the large-scale organization of object-responsive cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Konkle
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alfonso Caramazza
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Center for Mind/Brain Science (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy
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36
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Jurkiewicz MT, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ. Is Rest Really Rest? Resting-State Functional Connectivity During Rest and Motor Task Paradigms. Brain Connect 2018; 8:268-275. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Philip Crawley
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David John Mikulis
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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37
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Stiers P, Goulas A. Functional connectivity of task context representations in prefrontal nodes of the multiple demand network. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2455-2473. [PMID: 29502145 PMCID: PMC5968070 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A subset of regions in the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior insula increase their activity level whenever a cognitive task becomes more demanding, regardless of the specific nature of this demand. During execution of a task, these areas and the surrounding cortex temporally encode aspects of the task context in spatially distributed patterns of activity. It is not clear whether these patterns reflect underlying anatomical subnetworks that still exist when task execution has finished. We use fMRI in 12 participants performing alternating blocks of three cognitive tasks to address this question. A first data set is used to define multiple demand regions in each participant. A second dataset from the same participants is used to determine multiple demand voxel assemblies with a preference for one task over the others. We then show that these voxels remain functionally coupled during execution of non-preferred tasks and that they exhibit stronger functional connectivity during rest. This indicates that the assemblies of task preference sharing voxels reflect patterns of underlying anatomical connections. Moreover, we show that voxels preferring the same task have more similar whole brain functional connectivity profiles that are consistent across participants. This suggests that voxel assemblies differ in patterns of input-output connections, most likely reflecting task demand-specific information exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stiers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40 (East), 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandros Goulas
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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38
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Ye Q, Bai F. Contribution of diffusion, perfusion and functional MRI to the disconnection hypothesis in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2018; 3:131-139. [PMID: 30294468 PMCID: PMC6169607 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2017-000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes all forms of cognitive impairment caused by any type of cerebrovascular disease. Early identification of VCI is quite difficult due to the lack of both sensitive and specific biomarkers. Extensive damage to the white matter tracts, which connect the cortical and subcortical regions, has been shown in subcortical VCI (SVCI), the most common subtype of VCI that is caused by small vessel disease. Two specific MRI sequences, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI), have emerged as useful tools for identifying subtle white matter changes and the intrinsic connectivity between distinct cortical regions. This review describes the advantages of these two modalities in SVCI research and the current DTI and fMRI findings on SVCI. Using DTI technique, a variety of studies found that white matter microstructural damages in the anterior and superior areas are more specific to SVCI. Similarly, functional brain abnormalities detected by fMRI have also been mainly shown in anterior brain areas in SVCI. The characteristic distribution of brain abnormalities in SVCI interrupts the prefrontal-subcortical loop that results in cognitive impairments in particular domains, which further confirms the ‘disconnection syndrome’ hypothesis. In addition, another MRI technique, arterial spin labelling (ASL), has been used to describe the disconnection patterns in a variety of conditions by measuring cerebral blood flow. The role of the ASL technique in SVCI research is also assessed. Finally, the review proposes the application of multimodality fusion in the investigation of SVCI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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39
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Hermans EJ, Kanen JW, Tambini A, Fernández G, Davachi L, Phelps EA. Persistence of Amygdala-Hippocampal Connectivity and Multi-Voxel Correlation Structures During Awake Rest After Fear Learning Predicts Long-Term Expression of Fear. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3028-3041. [PMID: 27242028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
After encoding, memories undergo a process of consolidation that determines long-term retention. For conditioned fear, animal models postulate that consolidation involves reactivations of neuronal assemblies supporting fear learning during postlearning "offline" periods. However, no human studies to date have investigated such processes, particularly in relation to long-term expression of fear. We tested 24 participants using functional MRI on 2 consecutive days in a fear conditioning paradigm involving 1 habituation block, 2 acquisition blocks, and 2 extinction blocks on day 1, and 2 re-extinction blocks on day 2. Conditioning blocks were preceded and followed by 4.5-min rest blocks. Strength of spontaneous recovery of fear on day 2 served as a measure of long-term expression of fear. Amygdala connectivity primarily with hippocampus increased progressively during postacquisition and postextinction rest on day 1. Intraregional multi-voxel correlation structures within amygdala and hippocampus sampled during a block of differential fear conditioning furthermore persisted after fear learning. Critically, both these main findings were stronger in participants who exhibited spontaneous recovery 24 h later. Our findings indicate that neural circuits activated during fear conditioning exhibit persistent postlearning activity that may be functionally relevant in promoting consolidation of the fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erno J Hermans
- Department of Psychology.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour.,Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan W Kanen
- Department of Psychology.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Arielle Tambini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour.,Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Phelps
- Department of Psychology.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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40
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Wilf M, Strappini F, Golan T, Hahamy A, Harel M, Malach R. Spontaneously Emerging Patterns in Human Visual Cortex Reflect Responses to Naturalistic Sensory Stimuli. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:750-763. [PMID: 26574501 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of stimulus or task, the cortex spontaneously generates rich and consistent functional connectivity patterns (termed resting state networks) which are evident even within individual cortical areas. We and others have previously hypothesized that habitual cortical network activations during daily life contribute to the shaping of these connectivity patterns. Here we tested this hypothesis by comparing, using blood oxygen level-dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging, the connectivity patterns that spontaneously emerge during rest in retinotopic visual areas to the patterns generated by naturalistic visual stimuli (repeated movie segments). These were then compared with connectivity patterns produced by more standard retinotopic mapping stimuli (polar and eccentricity mapping). Our results reveal that the movie-driven patterns were significantly more similar to the spontaneously emerging patterns, compared with the connectivity patterns of either eccentricity or polar mapping stimuli. Intentional visual imagery of naturalistic stimuli was unlikely to underlie these results, since they were duplicated when participants were engaged in an auditory task. Our results suggest that the connectivity patterns that appear during rest better reflect naturalistic activations rather than controlled, artificially designed stimuli. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the spontaneous connectivity patterns in human retinotopic areas reflect the statistics of cortical coactivations during natural vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytal Wilf
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Francesca Strappini
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tal Golan
- The Edmund and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Hahamy
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rafael Malach
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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41
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King M, van Breda K, Rauch LH, Brooks SJ, Stein DJ, Ipser J. Methylphenidate alters brain connectivity after enhanced physical performance. Brain Res 2018; 1679:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Koyama MS, Ortiz-Mantilla S, Roesler CP, Milham MP, Benasich AA. A Modulatory Effect of Brief Passive Exposure to Non-linguistic Sounds on Intrinsic Functional Connectivity: Relevance to Cognitive Performance. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:5817-5830. [PMID: 29045599 PMCID: PMC6084599 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing literature on resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) has explored the impact of preceding sensory experience on intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC). However, it remains largely unknown how passive exposure to irrelevant auditory stimuli, which is a constant in everyday life, reconfigures iFC. Here, we directly compared pre- and post-exposure R-fMRI scans to examine: 1) modulatory effects of brief passive exposure to repeating non-linguistic sounds on subsequent iFC, and 2) associations between iFC modulations and cognitive abilities. We used an exploratory regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach that indexes local iFC, and performed a linear mixed-effects modeling analysis. A modulatory effect (increase) in ReHo was observed in the right superior parietal lobule (R.SPL) within the parietal attention network. Post hoc seed-based correlation analyses provided further evidence for increased parietal iFC (e.g., R.SPL with the right inferior parietal lobule). Notably, less iFC modulation was associated with better cognitive performance (e.g., word reading). These results suggest that: 1) the parietal attention network dynamically reconfigures its iFC in response to passive (thus irrelevant) non-linguistic sounds, but also 2) minimization of iFC modulation in the same network characterizes better cognitive performance. Our findings may open up new avenues for investigating cognitive disorders that involve impaired sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki S Koyama
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.,Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Silvia Ortiz-Mantilla
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Cynthia P Roesler
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.,Child Mind Institute, 445 Park Ave, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - April A Benasich
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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43
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Liu ZX, Grady C, Moscovitch M. The effect of prior knowledge on post-encoding brain connectivity and its relation to subsequent memory. Neuroimage 2017; 167:211-223. [PMID: 29158201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that prior knowledge can facilitate memory acquisition. It is unclear, however, whether prior knowledge can affect post-encoding brain activity to facilitate memory consolidation. In this fMRI study, we asked participants to associate novel houses with famous/nonfamous faces and investigated how associative-encoding tasks with/without prior knowledge differentially affected post-encoding brain connectivity during rest. Besides memory advantages in the famous condition, we found that post-encoding hippocampal connectivity with the fusiform face area (FFA) and ventral-medial-prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was stronger following encoding of associations with famous than non-famous faces. Importantly, post-encoding functional connectivity between the hippocampus (HPC) and FFA, and between the anterior temporal pole region (aTPL) and posterior perceptual regions (i.e., FFA and the parahippocampal place area), together predicted a large proportion of the variance in subsequent memory performance. This prediction was specific for face-house associative memory, not face/house item memory, and only in the famous condition where prior knowledge was involved. These results support the idea that when prior knowledge is involved, the HPC, vmPFC, and aTPL, which support prior episodic, social-evaluative/schematic, and semantic memories, respectively, continue to interact with each other and posterior perceptual brain regions during the post-encoding rest to facilitate off-line processing of the newly formed memory, and enhance memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xu Liu
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Cheryl Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
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44
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Doucet GE, He X, Sperling MR, Sharan A, Tracy JI. From "rest" to language task: Task activation selects and prunes from broader resting-state network. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2540-2552. [PMID: 28195438 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state networks (RSNs) show spatial patterns generally consistent with networks revealed during cognitive tasks. However, the exact degree of overlap between these networks has not been clearly quantified. Such an investigation shows promise for decoding altered functional connectivity (FC) related to abnormal language functioning in clinical populations such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In this context, we investigated the network configurations during a language task and during resting state using FC. Twenty-four healthy controls, 24 right and 24 left TLE patients completed a verb generation (VG) task and a resting-state fMRI scan. We compared the language network revealed by the VG task with three FC-based networks (seeding the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC)/Broca): two from the task (ON, OFF blocks) and one from the resting state. We found that, for both left TLE patients and controls, the RSN recruited regions bilaterally, whereas both VG-on and VG-off conditions produced more left-lateralized FC networks, matching more closely with the activated language network. TLE brings with it variability in both task-dependent and task-independent networks, reflective of atypical language organization. Overall, our findings suggest that our RSN captured bilateral activity, reflecting a set of prepotent language regions. We propose that this relationship can be best understood by the notion of pruning or winnowing down of the larger language-ready RSN to carry out specific task demands. Our data suggest that multiple types of network analyses may be needed to decode the association between language deficits and the underlying functional mechanisms altered by disease. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2540-2552, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle E Doucet
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiaosong He
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashwini Sharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph I Tracy
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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45
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Bolt T, Nomi JS, Rubinov M, Uddin LQ. Correspondence between evoked and intrinsic functional brain network configurations. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:1992-2007. [PMID: 28052450 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of the literature exploring differences between intrinsic and task-evoked brain architectures has examined changes in functional connectivity patterns between specific brain regions. While informative, this approach overlooks important overall functional changes in hub organization and network topology that may provide insights about differences in integration between intrinsic and task-evoked states. Examination of changes in overall network organization, such as a change in the concentration of hub nodes or a quantitative change in network organization, is important for understanding the underlying processes that differ between intrinsic and task-evoked brain architectures. The present study used graph-theoretical techniques applied to publicly available neuroimaging data collected from a large sample of individuals (N = 202), and a within-subject design where resting-state and several task scans were collected from each participant as part of the Human Connectome Project. We demonstrate that differences between intrinsic and task-evoked brain networks are characterized by a task-general shift in high-connectivity hubs from primarily sensorimotor/auditory processing areas during the intrinsic state to executive control/salience network areas during task performance. In addition, we demonstrate that differences between intrinsic and task-evoked architectures are associated with changes in overall network organization, such as increases in network clustering, global efficiency and integration between modules. These findings offer a new perspective on the principles guiding functional brain organization by identifying unique and divergent properties of overall network organization between the resting-state and task performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1992-2007, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Bolt
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Mikail Rubinov
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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46
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Skipper JI, Devlin JT, Lametti DR. The hearing ear is always found close to the speaking tongue: Review of the role of the motor system in speech perception. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 164:77-105. [PMID: 27821280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Does "the motor system" play "a role" in speech perception? If so, where, how, and when? We conducted a systematic review that addresses these questions using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative review of behavioural, computational modelling, non-human animal, brain damage/disorder, electrical stimulation/recording, and neuroimaging research suggests that distributed brain regions involved in producing speech play specific, dynamic, and contextually determined roles in speech perception. The quantitative review employed region and network based neuroimaging meta-analyses and a novel text mining method to describe relative contributions of nodes in distributed brain networks. Supporting the qualitative review, results show a specific functional correspondence between regions involved in non-linguistic movement of the articulators, covertly and overtly producing speech, and the perception of both nonword and word sounds. This distributed set of cortical and subcortical speech production regions are ubiquitously active and form multiple networks whose topologies dynamically change with listening context. Results are inconsistent with motor and acoustic only models of speech perception and classical and contemporary dual-stream models of the organization of language and the brain. Instead, results are more consistent with complex network models in which multiple speech production related networks and subnetworks dynamically self-organize to constrain interpretation of indeterminant acoustic patterns as listening context requires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy I Skipper
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Joseph T Devlin
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Lametti
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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47
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Pelland M, Orban P, Dansereau C, Lepore F, Bellec P, Collignon O. State-dependent modulation of functional connectivity in early blind individuals. Neuroimage 2016; 147:532-541. [PMID: 28011254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) studies have provided strong evidences that visual deprivation influences the brain's functional architecture. In particular, reduced RSFC coupling between occipital (visual) and temporal (auditory) regions has been reliably observed in early blind individuals (EB) at rest. In contrast, task-dependent activation studies have repeatedly demonstrated enhanced co-activation and connectivity of occipital and temporal regions during auditory processing in EB. To investigate this apparent discrepancy, the functional coupling between temporal and occipital networks at rest was directly compared to that of an auditory task in both EB and sighted controls (SC). Functional brain clusters shared across groups and cognitive states (rest and auditory task) were defined. In EBs, we observed higher occipito-temporal correlations in activity during the task than at rest. The reverse pattern was observed in SC. We also observed higher temporal variability of occipito-temporal RSFC in EB suggesting that occipital regions in this population may play the role of a multiple demand system. Our study reveals how the connectivity profile of sighted and early blind people is differentially influenced by their cognitive state, bridging the gap between previous task-dependent and RSFC studies. Our results also highlight how inferring group-differences in functional brain architecture solely based on resting-state acquisition has to be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pelland
- Departement of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Pierre Orban
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Dansereau
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Franco Lepore
- Departement of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Collignon
- Institute of Psychology (IPSY) and Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, Mattarello, TN, Italy.
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48
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Schlochtermeier LH, Pehrs C, Bakels JH, Jacobs AM, Kappelhoff H, Kuchinke L. Context matters: Anterior and posterior cortical midline responses to sad movie scenes. Brain Res 2016; 1661:24-36. [PMID: 27993532 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Narrative movies can create powerful emotional responses. While recent research has advanced the understanding of neural networks involved in immersive movie viewing, their modulation within a movie's dynamic context remains inconclusive. In this study, 24 healthy participants passively watched sad scene climaxes taken from 24 romantic comedies, while brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI). To study effects of context, the sad scene climaxes were presented with either coherent scene context, replaced non-coherent context or without context. In a second viewing, the same clips were rated continuously for sadness. The ratings varied over time with peaks of experienced sadness within the assumed climax intervals. Activations in anterior and posterior cortical midline regions increased if presented with both coherent and replaced context, while activation in the temporal gyri decreased. This difference was more pronounced for the coherent context condition. Psycho-Physiological interactions (PPI) analyses showed a context-dependent coupling of midline regions with occipital visual and sub-cortical reward regions. Our results demonstrate the pivotal role of midline structures and their interaction with perceptual and reward areas in processing contextually embedded socio-emotional information in movies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Schlochtermeier
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - C Pehrs
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - J-H Bakels
- Department of Humanities, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A M Jacobs
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - H Kappelhoff
- Department of Humanities, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Kuchinke
- Methods und Evaluation, International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Germany
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Vizzari V, Barba S, Gindri P, Duca S, Giobbe D, Cerrato P, Geminiani G, Torta DM. Mechanical pinprick pain in patients with unilateral spatial neglect: The influence of space representation on the perception of nociceptive stimuli. Eur J Pain 2016; 21:738-749. [PMID: 27977072 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crossing the hands over the midline can reduce the perceived intensity of nociceptive stimuli applied onto the hands. It remains unclear to what extent intact representation of peripersonal space influences this effect. Here we used the crossed-hands paradigm in patients with unilateral spatial neglect, a neuropsychological condition characterized by the inability to detect, attend and respond to contralesional (most often left) stimuli, and spared ability to process stimuli in the non-affected space. METHODS Sixteen post-stroke patients without unilateral neglect and 11 patients with unilateral spatial neglect received punctate mechanical pinprick stimuli onto their crossed or uncrossed hands. We tested: (i) whether deficits in space representation reduce the possibility of observing 'crossed-hands analgesia', and; (ii) whether placing the contralesional hand, normally lying in the affected space in the healthy space would increase the number of detected stimuli. RESULTS Our results showed that neglect patients did not exhibit 'crossed-hands' analgesia, but did not provide strong evidence for an improvement in the number of detected stimuli when the contralesional hand was in the healthy space. CONCLUSION These findings uphold the notion that the perception of nociceptive stimuli is modulated by the relative position of the hands in space, but raise questions about the conditions under which these effects may arise. SIGNIFICANCE We show that deficits in space representation can influence the processing of mechanical pinprick stimuli. Our results raise several questions on the mechanisms underlying these effects, which are relevant for the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vizzari
- Department of Psychology, Universita' degli studi di Torino, Italy
| | - S Barba
- San Camillo Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - P Gindri
- San Camillo Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - S Duca
- Koelliker Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - D Giobbe
- Division of Neurology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - P Cerrato
- Stroke Unit, Division of Neurology, Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - G Geminiani
- Department of Psychology, Universita' degli studi di Torino, Italy
| | - D M Torta
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Andric M, Goldin-Meadow S, Small SL, Hasson U. Repeated movie viewings produce similar local activity patterns but different network configurations. Neuroimage 2016; 142:613-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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