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Pasaribu B, Purba NP, Dewanti LP, Pasaribu D, Khan AMA, Harahap SA, Syamsuddin ML, Ihsan YN, Siregar SH, Faizal I, Herawati T, Irfan M, Simorangkir TPH, Kurniawan TA. Lipid Droplets in Endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae spp. Associated with Corals. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:949. [PMID: 38611478 PMCID: PMC11013053 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Symbiodiniaceae species is a dinoflagellate that plays a crucial role in maintaining the symbiotic mutualism of reef-building corals in the ocean. Reef-building corals, as hosts, provide the nutrition and habitat to endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species and Symbiodiniaceae species transfer the fixed carbon to the corals for growth. Environmental stress is one of the factors impacting the physiology and metabolism of the corals-dinoflagellate association. The environmental stress triggers the metabolic changes in Symbiodiniaceae species resulting in an increase in the production of survival organelles related to storage components such as lipid droplets (LD). LDs are found as unique organelles, mainly composed of triacylglycerols surrounded by phospholipids embedded with some proteins. To date, it has been reported that investigation of lipid droplets significantly present in animals and plants led to the understanding that lipid droplets play a key role in lipid storage and transport. The major challenge of investigating endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species lies in overcoming the strategies in isolating lesser lipid droplets present in its intercellular cells. Here, we review the most recent highlights of LD research in endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species particularly focusing on LD biogenesis, mechanism, and major lipid droplet proteins. Moreover, to comprehend potential novel ways of energy storage in the symbiotic interaction between endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species and its host, we also emphasize recent emerging environmental factors such as temperature, ocean acidification, and nutrient impacting the accumulation of lipid droplets in endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buntora Pasaribu
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia; (N.P.P.); (S.A.H.); (M.L.S.); (Y.N.I.); (I.F.)
- Shallow Coastal and Aquatic Research Forensic (SCARF) Laboratory, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Noir Primadona Purba
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia; (N.P.P.); (S.A.H.); (M.L.S.); (Y.N.I.); (I.F.)
| | - Lantun Paradhita Dewanti
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia;
| | - Daniel Pasaribu
- Faculty of Law, Social, and Political Sciences, Universitas Terbuka, Tangerang 15437, Indonesia;
| | - Alexander Muhammad Akbar Khan
- Tropical Marine Fisheries Undergraduate Programme for Pangandaran Campus, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia;
| | - Syawaludin Alisyahbana Harahap
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia; (N.P.P.); (S.A.H.); (M.L.S.); (Y.N.I.); (I.F.)
| | - Mega Laksmini Syamsuddin
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia; (N.P.P.); (S.A.H.); (M.L.S.); (Y.N.I.); (I.F.)
| | - Yudi Nurul Ihsan
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia; (N.P.P.); (S.A.H.); (M.L.S.); (Y.N.I.); (I.F.)
| | - Sofyan Husein Siregar
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28291, Indonesia;
| | - Ibnu Faizal
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia; (N.P.P.); (S.A.H.); (M.L.S.); (Y.N.I.); (I.F.)
| | - Titin Herawati
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
- Master Program of Marine Conservation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40600, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
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Luo J, Bainbridge C, Miller RM, Barrios A, Portman DS. C. elegans males optimize mate-preference decisions via sex-specific responses to multimodal sensory cues. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1309-1323.e4. [PMID: 38471505 PMCID: PMC10965367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
For sexually reproducing animals, selecting optimal mates is important for maximizing reproductive fitness. In the nematode C. elegans, populations reproduce largely by hermaphrodite self-fertilization, but the cross-fertilization of hermaphrodites by males also occurs. Males' ability to recognize hermaphrodites involves several sensory cues, but an integrated view of the ways males use these cues in their native context to assess characteristics of potential mates has been elusive. Here, we examine the mate-preference behavior of C. elegans males evoked by natively produced cues. We find that males use a combination of volatile sex pheromones (VSPs), ascaroside sex pheromones, surface-associated cues, and other signals to assess multiple features of potential mates. Specific aspects of mate preference are communicated by distinct signals: developmental stage and sex are signaled by ascaroside pheromones and surface cues, whereas the presence of a self-sperm-depleted hermaphrodite is likely signaled by VSPs. Furthermore, males prefer to interact with virgin over mated, and well-fed over food-deprived, hermaphrodites; these preferences are likely adaptive and are also mediated by ascarosides and other cues. Sex-typical mate-preference behavior depends on the sexual state of the nervous system, such that pan-neuronal genetic masculinization in hermaphrodites generates male-typical social behavior. We also identify an unexpected role for the sex-shared ASH sensory neurons in male attraction to ascaroside sex pheromones. Our findings lead to an integrated view in which the distinct physical properties of various mate-preference cues guide a flexible, stepwise behavioral program by which males assess multiple features of potential mates to optimize mate preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Department of Biomedical Genetics and Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chance Bainbridge
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Renee M Miller
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Arantza Barrios
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Douglas S Portman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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3
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Kumar AV, Mills J, Parker WM, Leitão JA, Rodriguez DI, Daigle SE, Ng C, Patel R, Aguilera JL, Johnson JR, Wong SQ, Lapierre LR. Lipid droplets modulate proteostasis, SQST-1/SQSTM1 dynamics, and lifespan in C. elegans. iScience 2023; 26:107960. [PMID: 37810233 PMCID: PMC10551902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In several long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans strains, such as insulin/IGF-1 receptor daf-2 mutants, enhanced proteostatic mechanisms are accompanied by elevated intestinal lipid stores, but their role in longevity is unclear. Here, while determining the regulatory network of the selective autophagy receptor SQST-1/SQSTM1, we uncovered an important role for lipid droplets in proteostasis and longevity. Using genome-wide RNAi screening, we identified several SQST-1 modulators, including lipid droplets-associated and aggregation-prone proteins. Expansion of intestinal lipid droplets by silencing the conserved cytosolic triacylglycerol lipase gene atgl-1/ATGL enhanced autophagy, and extended lifespan. Notably, a substantial amount of ubiquitinated proteins were found on lipid droplets. Reducing lipid droplet levels exacerbated the proteostatic collapse when autophagy or proteasome function was compromised, and significantly reduced the lifespan of long-lived daf-2 animals. Altogether, our study uncovered a key role for lipid droplets in C. elegans as a proteostatic mediator that modulates ubiquitinated protein accumulation, facilitates autophagy, and promotes longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita V Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joslyn Mills
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Biology Department, Wheaton College, 26 E. Main Street, Norton, MA 02766, USA
| | - Wesley M Parker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joshua A Leitão
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Diego I Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sandrine E Daigle
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 rue Providence, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
- Département de chimie et biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Celeste Ng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rishi Patel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joseph L Aguilera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joseph R Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Shi Quan Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Louis R Lapierre
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 rue Providence, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
- Département de chimie et biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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4
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Cedillo L, Ahsan FM, Li S, Stuhr NL, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Adedoja A, Murphy LM, Yerevanian A, Emans S, Dao K, Li Z, Peterson ND, Watrous J, Jain M, Das S, Pukkila-Worley R, Curran SP, Soukas AA. Ether lipid biosynthesis promotes lifespan extension and enables diverse pro-longevity paradigms in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2023; 12:e82210. [PMID: 37606250 PMCID: PMC10444025 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biguanides, including the world's most prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, metformin, not only lower blood sugar, but also promote longevity in preclinical models. Epidemiologic studies in humans parallel these findings, indicating favorable effects of metformin on longevity and on reducing the incidence and morbidity associated with aging-related diseases. Despite this promise, the full spectrum of molecular effectors responsible for these health benefits remains elusive. Through unbiased screening in Caenorhabditis elegans, we uncovered a role for genes necessary for ether lipid biosynthesis in the favorable effects of biguanides. We demonstrate that biguanides prompt lifespan extension by stimulating ether lipid biogenesis. Loss of the ether lipid biosynthetic machinery also mitigates lifespan extension attributable to dietary restriction, target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibition, and mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition. A possible mechanistic explanation for this finding is that ether lipids are required for activation of longevity-promoting, metabolic stress defenses downstream of the conserved transcription factor skn-1/Nrf. In alignment with these findings, overexpression of a single, key, ether lipid biosynthetic enzyme, fard-1/FAR1, is sufficient to promote lifespan extension. These findings illuminate the ether lipid biosynthetic machinery as a novel therapeutic target to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucydalila Cedillo
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Fasih M Ahsan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Sainan Li
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Nicole L Stuhr
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Adebanjo Adedoja
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Luke M Murphy
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Armen Yerevanian
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sinclair Emans
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| | - Khoi Dao
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Zhaozhi Li
- Biomedical Informatics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchooCambridgeUnited States
| | - Nicholas D Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jeramie Watrous
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Biomedical Informatics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchooCambridgeUnited States
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
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5
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Hu R, Li X, Hu Y, Zhang R, Lv Q, Zhang M, Sheng X, Zhao F, Chen Z, Ding Y, Yuan H, Wu X, Xing S, Yan X, Bao F, Wan P, Xiao L, Wang X, Xiao W, Decker EL, van Gessel N, Renault H, Wiedemann G, Horst NA, Haas FB, Wilhelmsson PKI, Ullrich KK, Neumann E, Lv B, Liang C, Du H, Lu H, Gao Q, Cheng Z, You H, Xin P, Chu J, Huang CH, Liu Y, Dong S, Zhang L, Chen F, Deng L, Duan F, Zhao W, Li K, Li Z, Li X, Cui H, Zhang YE, Ma C, Zhu R, Jia Y, Wang M, Hasebe M, Fu J, Goffinet B, Ma H, Rensing SA, Reski R, He Y. Adaptive evolution of the enigmatic Takakia now facing climate change in Tibet. Cell 2023; 186:3558-3576.e17. [PMID: 37562403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The most extreme environments are the most vulnerable to transformation under a rapidly changing climate. These ecosystems harbor some of the most specialized species, which will likely suffer the highest extinction rates. We document the steepest temperature increase (2010-2021) on record at altitudes of above 4,000 m, triggering a decline of the relictual and highly adapted moss Takakia lepidozioides. Its de-novo-sequenced genome with 27,467 protein-coding genes includes distinct adaptations to abiotic stresses and comprises the largest number of fast-evolving genes under positive selection. The uplift of the study site in the last 65 million years has resulted in life-threatening UV-B radiation and drastically reduced temperatures, and we detected several of the molecular adaptations of Takakia to these environmental changes. Surprisingly, specific morphological features likely occurred earlier than 165 mya in much warmer environments. Following nearly 400 million years of evolution and resilience, this species is now facing extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Runjie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xianyong Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhijia Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuhan Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huan Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuang Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fang Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lihong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Eva L Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico van Gessel
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hugues Renault
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gertrud Wiedemann
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nelly A Horst
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; MetaSystems Hard & Software GmbH, 68804 Altlussheim, Germany
| | - Fabian B Haas
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Kristian K Ullrich
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Eva Neumann
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huilong Du
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hanli You
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518085, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute from Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Lei Deng
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, CNU, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fuzhou Duan
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, CNU, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenji Zhao
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, CNU, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, CNU, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, CNU, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xingru Li
- Department of Chemistry, CNU, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hengjian Cui
- School of Mathematical Sciences, CNU, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong E Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate School for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jinzhong Fu
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bernard Goffinet
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Yikun He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing 100048, China.
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6
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Papsdorf K, Miklas JW, Hosseini A, Cabruja M, Morrow CS, Savini M, Yu Y, Silva-García CG, Haseley NR, Murphy LM, Yao P, de Launoit E, Dixon SJ, Snyder MP, Wang MC, Mair WB, Brunet A. Lipid droplets and peroxisomes are co-regulated to drive lifespan extension in response to mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:672-684. [PMID: 37127715 PMCID: PMC10185472 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are linked to longevity in several species. But the mechanisms by which MUFAs extend lifespan remain unclear. Here we show that an organelle network involving lipid droplets and peroxisomes is critical for MUFA-induced longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. MUFAs upregulate the number of lipid droplets in fat storage tissues. Increased lipid droplet number is necessary for MUFA-induced longevity and predicts remaining lifespan. Lipidomics datasets reveal that MUFAs also modify the ratio of membrane lipids and ether lipids-a signature associated with decreased lipid oxidation. In agreement with this, MUFAs decrease lipid oxidation in middle-aged individuals. Intriguingly, MUFAs upregulate not only lipid droplet number but also peroxisome number. A targeted screen identifies genes involved in the co-regulation of lipid droplets and peroxisomes, and reveals that induction of both organelles is optimal for longevity. Our study uncovers an organelle network involved in lipid homeostasis and lifespan regulation, opening new avenues for interventions to delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason W Miklas
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amir Hosseini
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matias Cabruja
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Morrow
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marzia Savini
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Carlos G Silva-García
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Pallas Yao
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Meng C Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Institute of Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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7
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Luo J, Barrios A, Portman DS. C. elegans males optimize mate-choice decisions via sex-specific responses to multimodal sensory cues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.08.536021. [PMID: 37066192 PMCID: PMC10104232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.08.536021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
For sexually reproducing animals, selecting optimal mates is essential for maximizing reproductive fitness. Because the nematode C. elegans reproduces mostly by self-fertilization, little is known about its mate-choice behaviors. While several sensory cues have been implicated in males' ability to recognize hermaphrodites, achieving an integrated understanding of the ways males use these cues to assess relevant characteristics of potential mates has proven challenging. Here, we use a choice-based social-interaction assay to explore the ability of C. elegans males to make and optimize mate choices. We find that males use a combination of volatile sex pheromones (VSPs), ascaroside pheromones, surface-bound chemical cues, and other signals to robustly assess a variety of features of potential mates. Specific aspects of mate choice are communicated by distinct signals: the presence of a sperm-depleted, receptive hermaphrodite is likely signaled by VSPs, while developmental stage and sex are redundantly specified by ascaroside pheromones and surface-associated cues. Ascarosides also signal nutritional information, allowing males to choose well-fed over starved mates, while both ascarosides and surface-associated cues cause males to prefer virgin over previously mated hermaphrodites. The male-specificity of these behavioral responses is determined by both male-specific neurons and the male state of sex-shared circuits, and we reveal an unexpected role for the sex-shared ASH sensory neurons in male attraction to endogenously produced hermaphrodite ascarosides. Together, our findings lead to an integrated view of the signaling and behavioral mechanisms by which males use diverse sensory cues to assess multiple features of potential mates and optimize mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Arantza Barrios
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Douglas S. Portman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
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8
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Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in Lipid Metabolism Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021173. [PMID: 36674689 PMCID: PMC9860639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and prevalence of obesity have posed a serious public health risk, which has prompted studies on the regulation of adiposity. With the ease of genetic manipulation, the diversity of the methods for characterizing body fat levels, and the observability of feeding behavior, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is considered an excellent model for exploring energy homeostasis and the regulation of the cellular fat storage. In addition, the homology with mammals in the genes related to the lipid metabolism allows many aspects of lipid modulation by the regulators of the central nervous system to be conserved in this ideal model organism. In recent years, as the complex network of genes that maintain an energy balance has been gradually expanded and refined, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid storage have become clearer. Furthermore, the development of methods and devices to assess the lipid levels has become a powerful tool for studies in lipid droplet biology and the regulation of the nematode lipid metabolism. Herein, based on the rapid progress of C. elegans lipid metabolism-related studies, this review outlined the lipid metabolic processes, the major signaling pathways of fat storage regulation, and the primary experimental methods to assess the lipid content in nematodes. Therefore, this model system holds great promise for facilitating the understanding, management, and therapies of human obesity and other metabolism-related diseases.
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9
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Castillo-Quan JI, Steinbaugh MJ, Fernández-Cárdenas LP, Pohl NK, Wu Z, Zhu F, Moroz N, Teixeira V, Bland MS, Lehrbach NJ, Moronetti L, Teufl M, Blackwell TK. An antisteatosis response regulated by oleic acid through lipid droplet-mediated ERAD enhancement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc8917. [PMID: 36598980 PMCID: PMC9812393 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although excessive lipid accumulation is a hallmark of obesity-related pathologies, some lipids are beneficial. Oleic acid (OA), the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid (FA), promotes health and longevity. Here, we show that OA benefits Caenorhabditis elegans by activating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transcription factor SKN-1A (Nrf1/NFE2L1) in a lipid homeostasis response. SKN-1A/Nrf1 is cleared from the ER by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery and stabilized when proteasome activity is low and canonically maintains proteasome homeostasis. Unexpectedly, OA increases nuclear SKN-1A levels independently of proteasome activity, through lipid droplet-dependent enhancement of ERAD. In turn, SKN-1A reduces steatosis by reshaping the lipid metabolism transcriptome and mediates longevity from OA provided through endogenous accumulation, reduced H3K4 trimethylation, or dietary supplementation. Our findings reveal an unexpected mechanism of FA signal transduction, as well as a lipid homeostasis pathway that provides strategies for opposing steatosis and aging, and may mediate some benefits of the OA-rich Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Iván Castillo-Quan
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Steinbaugh
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Paulette Fernández-Cárdenas
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy K. Pohl
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziyun Wu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feimei Zhu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie Moroz
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Teixeira
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monet S. Bland
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas J. Lehrbach
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenza Moronetti
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magdalena Teufl
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T. Keith Blackwell
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Dudkevich R, Koh JH, Beaudoin-Chabot C, Celik C, Lebenthal-Loinger I, Karako-Lampert S, Ahmad-Albukhari S, Thibault G, Henis-Korenblit S. Neuronal IRE-1 coordinates an organism-wide cold stress response by regulating fat metabolism. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111739. [PMID: 36450261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold affects many aspects of biology, medicine, agriculture, and industry. Here, we identify a conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, distinct from the canonical unfolded protein response, that maintains lipid homeostasis during extreme cold. We establish that the ER stress sensor IRE-1 is critical for resistance to extreme cold and activated by cold temperature. Specifically, neuronal IRE-1 signals through JNK-1 and neuropeptide signaling to regulate lipid composition within the animal. This cold-response pathway can be bypassed by dietary supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids. Altogether, our findings define an ER-centric conserved organism-wide cold stress response, consisting of molecular neuronal sensors, effectors, and signaling moieties, which control adaptation to cold conditions in the organism. Better understanding of the molecular basis of this stress response is crucial for the optimal use of cold conditions on live organisms and manipulation of lipid saturation homeostasis, which is perturbed in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Dudkevich
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jhee Hong Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Cenk Celik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Sarit Karako-Lampert
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Syed Ahmad-Albukhari
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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11
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A new use for old drugs: identifying compounds with an anti-obesity effect using a high through-put semi-automated Caenorhabditis elegans screening platform. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10108. [PMID: 36033279 PMCID: PMC9399480 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most common global health problems for all age groups with obese people at risk of a variety of associated health complications. Consequently, there is a need to develop new therapies that lower body fat without the side effects. However, obesity is a complex and systemic disease, so that in vitro results are not easily translatable to clinical situations. A promising way to circumnavigate these issues is to reposition already approved drugs for new treatments, enabling a more streamlined drug discovery process due to the availability of pre-existing pharmacological and toxicological datasets. Chemical libraries, such as the Prestwick Chemical Library of 1200 FDA approved drugs, are available for this purpose. We have developed a simple semi-automated whole-organism approach to screening the Prestwick Chemical Library for those compounds which reduce fat content using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Our whole-organism approach to high-throughput screening identified 9 “lead” compounds that reduced fat within 2 weeks in the model. Further screening and analysis provided 4 “hit” compounds (Midodrine, Vinpocetine, Fenoprofen and Lamivudine) that showed significant promise as drugs to reduce fat levels. The effects of these candidates were found to further reduce fat content in nematodes where an nhr-49/PPAR mutation resulted in “overweight” worms. Upon unblinding the “hit” compounds, they were found to have recently been shown to have anti-obesity effects in mammalian models too. In developing a whole-animal chemical screen to identify pharmacological agents as potential anti-obesity compounds, we demonstrate how chemical libraries can be rapidly and relatively cheaply profiled for active hits. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans thus enables drugs to be assessed for applicability in humans and provides a new incentive to explore drug repurposing as a feasible and efficient way to identify new anti-obesity compounds.
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12
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Wang Y, Li C, Zhang J, Xu X, Fu L, Xu J, Zhu H, Hu Y, Li C, Wang M, Wu Y, Zou X, Liang B. Polyunsaturated fatty acids promote the rapid fusion of lipid droplets in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102179. [PMID: 35752365 PMCID: PMC9352923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that dynamically regulate lipids and energy homeostasis in the cell. LDs can grow through either local lipid synthesis or LD fusion. However, how lipids involving in LD fusion for LD growth is largely unknown. Here, we show that genetic mutation of acox-3 (acyl-CoA oxidase), maoc-1 (enoyl-CoA hydratase), dhs-28 (3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), and daf-22 (3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase), all involved in the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans, led to rapid fusion of adjacent LDs to form giant LDs (gLDs). Mechanistically, we show that dysfunction of peroxisomal β-oxidation results in the accumulation of long-chain fatty acid-CoA and phosphocholine, which may activate the sterol-binding protein 1/sterol regulatory element–binding protein to promote gLD formation. Furthermore, we found that inactivation of either FAT-2 (delta-12 desaturase) or FAT-3 and FAT-1 (delta-15 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase, respectively) to block the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with three or more double bonds (n≥3-PUFAs) fully repressed the formation of gLDs; in contrast, dietary supplementation of n≥3-PUFAs or phosphocholine bearing these PUFAs led to recovery of the formation of gLDs in peroxisomal β-oxidation–defective worms lacking PUFA biosynthesis. Thus, we conclude that n≥3-PUFAs, distinct from other well-known lipids and proteins, promote rapid LD fusion leading to LD growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ying Hu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chengbin Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xiaoju Zou
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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13
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Zhu J, Huang X. Endocrine function of pheromones couples fat rationing and nutrient scarcity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1267-1269. [PMID: 35266111 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Litoditis marina in Different Food Environments. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets regulate animal development, reproduction, and lifespan. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We previously showed that a chemically defined CeMM diet attenuates the development and promotes the longevity of C. elegans, but whether it impacts other nematodes is unknown. Here, we studied the effects of the CeMM diet on the development and longevity of the marine nematode Litoditis marina, which belongs to the same family as C. elegans. We further investigated genome-wide transcriptional responses to the CeMM and OP50 diets for both nematodes, respectively. We observed that the CeMM diet attenuated L. marina development but did not extend its lifespan. Through KEEG enrichment analysis, we found that many of the FOXO DAF-16 signaling and lysosome and xenobiotic metabolism related genes were significantly increased in C. elegans on the CeMM diet, which might contribute to the lifespan extension of C. elegans. Notably, we found that the expression of lysosome and xenobiotic metabolism pathway genes was significantly down-regulated in L. marina on CeMM, which might explain why the CeMM diet could not promote the lifespan of L. marina compared to bacterial feeding. Additionally, the down-regulation of several RNA transcription and protein generation and related processes genes in C. elegans on CeMM might not only be involved in extending longevity, but also contribute to attenuating the development of C. elegans on the CeMM diet, while the down-regulation of unsaturated fatty acids synthesis genes in L. marina might contribute to slow down its growth while on CeMM. This study provided important insights into how different diets regulate development and lifespan, and further genetic analysis of the candidate gene(s) of development and longevity will facilitate exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying how diets regulate animal physiology and health in the context of variable nutritional environments.
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15
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Li Y, Du Y, Xu Z, He Y, Yao R, Jiang H, Ju W, Qiao J, Xu K, Liu TM, Zeng L. Intravital lipid droplet labeling and imaging reveals the phenotypes and functions of individual macrophages in vivo. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100207. [PMID: 35398040 PMCID: PMC9117931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play pivotal roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, the reactivation of macrophages toward proinflammatory states correlates with a plethora of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, neurodegeneration, and bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes. The lack of methods to reveal macrophage phenotype and function in vivo impedes the translational research of these diseases. Here, we found that proinflammatory macrophages accumulate intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) relative to resting or noninflammatory macrophages both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that LD accumulation serves as a structural biomarker for macrophage phenotyping. To realize the staining and imaging of macrophage LDs in vivo, we developed a fluorescent fatty acid analog-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle to label macrophages in mice with high efficiency and specificity. Using these novel nanoparticles, we achieved in situ functional identification of single macrophages in BM, liver, lung, and adipose tissues under conditions of acute or chronic inflammation. Moreover, with this intravital imaging platform, we further realized in vivo phenotyping of individual macrophages in the calvarial BM of mice under systemic inflammation. In conclusion, we established an efficient in vivo LD labeling and imaging system for single macrophage phenotyping, which will aid in the development of diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring. Moreover, this method also provides new avenues for the study of lipid trafficking and dynamics in vivo.
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16
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Xie K, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang S, Mak HY, Liu P. Dietary S. maltophilia induces supersized lipid droplets by enhancing lipogenesis and ER-LD contacts in C. elegans. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2013762. [PMID: 35112996 PMCID: PMC8816401 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2013762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary and symbiotic bacteria can exert powerful influence on metazoan lipid metabolism. Recent studies have emerged that microbiota have a role in animal obesity and related health disorders, but the mechanisms by which bacteria influence lipid storage in their host are unknown. To reduce the complexity of the relationship between gut microbiota and the host, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been chosen as a model organism to study interspecies interaction. Here, we demonstrate that feeding C. elegans with an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) retards growth and promotes excessive neutral lipid storage. Gene expression analysis reveals that dietary S. maltophilia induces a lipogenic transcriptional response that includes the SREBP ortholog SBP-1, and fatty acid desaturases FAT-6 and FAT-7. Live imaging and ultrastructural analysis suggest that excess neutral lipid is stored in greatly expanded lipid droplets (LDs), as a result of enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-LD interaction. We also report that loss of function mutations in dpy-9 in C. elegans confers resistance to S. maltophilia. Dietary S. maltophilia induces supersized LDs by enhancing lipogenesis and ER-LD contacts in C. elegans. This work delineates a new model for understanding microbial regulation of metazoan physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xie
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Cas Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangli Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Cas Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xixia Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Cas Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Cas Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Cas Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Cas Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,CONTACT Pingsheng Liu National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Cas Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
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17
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Fueser H, Pilger C, Kong C, Huser T, Traunspurger W. Polystyrene microbeads influence lipid storage distribution in C. elegans as revealed by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118662. [PMID: 34896225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to polystyrene (PS) beads of a wide range of sizes impedes feeding, by reducing food consumption, and has been linked to inhibitory effects on the reproductive capacity of this nematode, as determined in standardized toxicity tests. Lipid storage provides energy for longevity, growth, and reproduction and may influence the organismal response to stress, including the food deprivation resulting from microplastics exposure. However, the effects of microplastics on energy storage have not been investigated in detail. In this study, C. elegans was exposed to ingestible sizes of PS beads in a standardized toxicity test (96 h) and in a multigeneration test (∼21 days), after which lipid storage was quantitatively analyzed in individual adults using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. The results showed that lipid storage distribution in C. elegans was altered when worms were exposed to microplastics in form of PS beads. For example, when exposed to 0.1-μm PS beads, the lipid droplet count was 93% higher, the droplets were up to 56% larger, and the area of the nematode body covered by lipids was up to 79% higher than in unexposed nematodes. The measured values tended to increase as PS bead sizes decreased. Cultivating the nematodes for 96 h under restricted food conditions in the absence of beads reproduced the altered lipid storage and suggested that it was triggered by food deprivation, including that induced by the dilutional effects of PS bead exposure. Our study demonstrates the utility of CARS microscopy to comprehensively image the smaller microplastics (<10 μm) ingested by nematodes and possibly other biota in investigations of the effects at the level of the individual organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Fueser
- Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Christian Pilger
- Bielefeld University, Biomolecular Photonics, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cihang Kong
- Bielefeld University, Biomolecular Photonics, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Huser
- Bielefeld University, Biomolecular Photonics, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Walter Traunspurger
- Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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18
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Li HY, Peng ZG. Targeting lipophagy as a potential therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114933. [PMID: 35093393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an increasingly serious disease worldwide. Unfortunately, no specific drug has been approved to treat NAFLD. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipotoxicity, which is induced by an excess of intracellular triacylglycerols (TAGs), is a potential mechanism underlying the ill-defined progression of NAFLD. Under physiological conditions, a balance is maintained between TAGs and free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver. TAGs are catabolized to FFAs through neutral lipolysis and/or lipophagy, while FFAs can be anabolized to TAGs through an esterification reaction. However, in the livers of patients with NAFLD, lipophagy appears to fail. Reversing this abnormal state through several lipophagic molecules (mTORC1, AMPK, PLIN, etc.) facilitates NAFLD amelioration; therefore, restoring failed lipophagy may be a highly efficient therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. Here, we outline the lipophagy phases with the relevant important proteins and discuss the roles of lipophagy in the progression of NAFLD. Additionally, the potential candidate drugs with therapeutic value targeting these proteins are discussed to show novel strategies for future treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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19
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Lu CJ, Meng Y, Wang YL, Zhang T, Yang GF, Mo MH, Ji KF, Liang LM, Zou CG, Zhang KQ. Survival and infectivity of second-stage root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita juveniles depend on lysosome-mediated lipolysis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101637. [PMID: 35085555 PMCID: PMC8861644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to nutrient deprivation depends on the activation of metabolic programs to use reserves of energy. When outside a host plant, second-stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), an important group of pests responsible for severe losses in the production of crops (e.g., rice, wheat, and tomato), are unable to acquire food. Although lipid hydrolysis has been observed in J2 nematodes, its role in fitness and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using RNA-seq analysis, here, we demonstrated that in the absence of host plants, the pathway for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids was upregulated, thereby increasing the production of arachidonic acid in middle-stage J2 Meloidogyne incognita worms. We also found that arachidonic acid upregulated the expression of the transcription factor hlh-30b, which in turn induced lysosomal biogenesis. Lysosomes promoted lipid hydrolysis via a lysosomal lipase, LIPL-1. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that blockage of lysosomal lipolysis reduced both lifespan and locomotion of J2 worms. Strikingly, disturbance of lysosomal lipolysis resulted in a decline in infectivity of these juveniles on tomato roots. Our findings not only reveal the molecular mechanism of lipolysis in J2 worms but also suggest potential novel strategies for the management of root-knot nematode pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gui-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-He Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kai-Fang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lian-Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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20
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Regulation and functions of membrane lipids: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100043. [PMID: 37082601 PMCID: PMC10074978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans plasma membrane is composed of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids with a small cholesterol. The C. elegans obtain the majority of the membrane lipids by modifying fatty acids present in the bacterial diet. The metabolic pathways of membrane lipid biosynthesis are well conserved across the animal kingdom. In C. elegans CDP-DAG and Kennedy pathway produce glycerophospholipids. Meanwhile, the sphingolipids are synthesized through a different pathway. They have evolved remarkably diverse mechanisms to maintain membrane lipid homeostasis. For instance, the lipid bilayer stress operates to accomplish homeostasis during any perturbance in the lipid composition. Meanwhile, the PAQR-2/IGLR-2 complex works with FLD-1 to balance unsaturated to saturated fatty acids to maintain membrane fluidity. The loss of membrane lipid homeostasis is observed in many human genetic and metabolic disorders. Since C. elegans conserved such genes and pathways, it can be used as a model organism.
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21
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Brandt JN, Voss L, Rambo FM, Nicholson K, Thein JR, Fairchild L, Seabrook L, Lewis D, Guevara-Hernandez L, White ML, Sax L, Eichten V, Harper L, Hermann GJ. Asymmetric organelle positioning during epithelial polarization of C. elegans intestinal cells. Dev Biol 2022; 481:75-94. [PMID: 34597675 PMCID: PMC8665101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
While the epithelial cell cortex displays profound asymmetries in protein distribution and morphology along the apico-basal axis, the extent to which the cytoplasm is similarly polarized within epithelial cells remains relatively unexplored. We show that cytoplasmic organelles within C. elegans embryonic intestinal cells develop extensive apico-basal polarity at the time they establish cortical asymmetry. Nuclei and conventional endosomes, including early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes, become polarized apically. Lysosome-related gut granules, yolk platelets, and lipid droplets become basally enriched. Removal of par-3 activity does not disrupt organelle positioning, indicating that cytoplasmic apico-basal asymmetry is independent of the PAR polarity pathway. Blocking the apical migration of nuclei leads to the apical positioning of gut granules and yolk platelets, whereas the asymmetric localization of conventional endosomes and lipid droplets is unaltered. This suggests that nuclear positioning organizes some, but not all, cytoplasmic asymmetries in this cell type. We show that gut granules become apically enriched when WHT-2 and WHT-7 function is disrupted, identifying a novel role for ABCG transporters in gut granule positioning during epithelial polarization. Analysis of WHT-2 and WHT-7 ATPase mutants is consistent with a WHT-2/WHT-7 heterodimer acting as a transporter in gut granule positioning. In wht-2(-) mutants, the polarized distribution of other organelles is not altered and gut granules do not take on characteristics of conventional endosomes that could have explained their apical mispositioning. During epithelial polarization wht-2(-) gut granules exhibit a loss of the Rab32/38 family member GLO-1 and ectopic expression of GLO-1 is sufficient to rescue the basal positioning of wht-2(-) and wht-7(-) gut granules. Furthermore, depletion of GLO-1 causes the mislocalization of the endolysosomal RAB-7 to gut granules and RAB-7 drives the apical mispositioning of gut granules when GLO-1, WHT-2, or WHT-7 function is disrupted. We suggest that ABC transporters residing on gut granules can regulate Rab dynamics to control organelle positioning during epithelial polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Greg J. Hermann
- Corresponding author. Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA, (G.J. Hermann)
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22
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Dolese DA, Junot MP, Ghosh B, Butsch TJ, Johnson AE, Bohnert KA. Degradative tubular lysosomes link pexophagy to starvation and early aging in C. elegans. Autophagy 2021; 18:1522-1533. [PMID: 34689720 PMCID: PMC9298445 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1990647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle-specific autophagy directs degradation of eukaryotic organelles under certain conditions. Like other organelles, peroxisomes are subject to autophagic turnover at lysosomes. However, peroxisome autophagy (pexophagy) has yet to be analyzed in a live-animal system, limiting knowledge on its regulation during an animal’s life. Here, we generated a tandem-fluorophore reporter that enabled real-time tracking of pexophagy in live Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed that pexophagy occurred at a population of non-canonical, tubular lysosomes specifically during starvation and aging. Remarkably, in these contexts, tubular lysosomes were the predominant type of lysosome in the intestine, transforming from vesicles. Though we found that peroxisomes were largely eliminated in early adulthood, they appeared restored in new generations. We identified peroxisomal genes that regulated age-dependent peroxisome loss and demonstrated that modifying this process altered animal lifespan. These findings reveal new facets of peroxisome homeostasis relevant to aging and challenge the prevailing perception of lysosome homogeneity in autophagy. Abbreviations: GFP: green fluorescent protein; SKL: serine-lysine-leucine peroxisome signal sequence; spin: spinster; TLs: tubular lysosomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique A Dolese
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Matthew P Junot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bhaswati Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Tyler J Butsch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Alyssa E Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - K Adam Bohnert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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23
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Gao C, Li Q, Yu J, Li S, Cui Q, Hu X, Chen L, Zhang SO. Endocrine pheromones couple fat rationing to dauer diapause through HNF4α nuclear receptors. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2153-2174. [PMID: 34755252 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developmental diapause is a widespread strategy for animals to survive seasonal starvation and environmental harshness. Diapaused animals often ration body fat to generate a basal level of energy for enduring survival. How diapause and fat rationing are coupled, however, is poorly understood. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans excretes pheromones to the environment to induce a diapause form called dauer larva. Through saturated forward genetic screens and CRISPR knockout, we found that dauer pheromones feed back to repress the transcription of ACOX-3, MAOC-1, DHS-28, DAF-22 (peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes dually involved in pheromone synthesis and fat burning), ALH-4 (aldehyde dehydrogenase for pheromone synthesis), PRX-10 and PRX-11 (peroxisome assembly and proliferation factors). Dysfunction of these pheromone enzymes and factors relieves the repression. Surprisingly, transcription is repressed not by pheromones excreted but by pheromones endogenous to each animal. The endogenous pheromones regulate the nuclear translocation of HNF4α family nuclear receptor NHR-79 and its co-receptor NHR-49, and, repress transcription through the two receptors. The feedback repression maintains pheromone homeostasis, increases fat storage, decreases fat burning, and prolongs dauer lifespan. Thus, the exocrine dauer pheromones possess an unexpected endocrine function to mediate a peroxisome-nucleus crosstalk, coupling dauer diapause to fat rationing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- Laboratory of Metabolic Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qi Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jialei Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qingpo Cui
- Laboratory of Metabolic Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lifeng Chen
- Laboratory of Metabolic Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shaobing O Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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24
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Zeng L, Li X, Preusch CB, He GJ, Xu N, Cheung TH, Qu J, Mak HY. Nuclear receptors NHR-49 and NHR-79 promote peroxisome proliferation to compensate for aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009635. [PMID: 34237064 PMCID: PMC8291716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular level of fatty aldehydes is tightly regulated by aldehyde dehydrogenases to minimize the formation of toxic lipid and protein adducts. Importantly, the dysregulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases has been implicated in neurologic disorder and cancer in humans. However, cellular responses to unresolved, elevated fatty aldehyde levels are poorly understood. Here, we report that ALH-4 is a C. elegans aldehyde dehydrogenase that specifically associates with the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisomes. Based on lipidomic and imaging analysis, we show that the loss of ALH-4 increases fatty aldehyde levels and reduces fat storage. ALH-4 deficiency in the intestine, cell-nonautonomously induces NHR-49/NHR-79-dependent hypodermal peroxisome proliferation. This is accompanied by the upregulation of catalases and fatty acid catabolic enzymes, as indicated by RNA sequencing. Such a response is required to counteract ALH-4 deficiency since alh-4; nhr-49 double mutant animals are sterile. Our work reveals unexpected inter-tissue communication of fatty aldehyde levels and suggests pharmacological modulation of peroxisome proliferation as a therapeutic strategy to tackle pathology related to excess fatty aldehydes. Fatty aldehydes are generated during the turnover of membrane lipids and when cells are under oxidative stress. Because excess fatty aldehydes form toxic adducts with proteins and lipids, their levels are tightly controlled by a family of aldehyde dehydrogenases whose dysfunction has been implicated in genetic disease and cancer in humans. Here, we characterize mutant C. elegans that lack a conserved, membrane-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase ALH-4. Despite elevated levels of fatty aldehydes, these mutant worms survive by increasing the abundance of peroxisomes, which are important organelles for lipid metabolism. Such peroxisome proliferative response depends on the activation of transcription factors NHR-49 and NHR-79, via putative endocrine signals. Accordingly, the fertility of alh-4 mutant worms relies on NHR-49. Our work suggests a latent mechanism that may be activated during aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zeng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher B. Preusch
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gary J. He
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ningyi Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tom H. Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory in Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Lourenço AB, Rodríguez-Palero MJ, Doherty MK, Cabrerizo Granados D, Hernando-Rodríguez B, Salas JJ, Venegas-Calerón M, Whitfield PD, Artal-Sanz M. The Mitochondrial PHB Complex Determines Lipid Composition and Interacts With the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Regulate Ageing. Front Physiol 2021; 12:696275. [PMID: 34276415 PMCID: PMC8281979 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.696275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are frequently associated with physiological changes that occur during ageing. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex (PHB) is an evolutionary conserved context-dependent modulator of longevity, which has been linked to alterations in lipid metabolism but which biochemical function remains elusive. In this work we aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism by which depletion of mitochondrial PHB shortens the lifespan of wild type animals while it extends that of insulin signaling receptor (daf-2) mutants. A liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry approach was used to characterize the worm lipidome of wild type and insulin deficient animals upon PHB depletion. Toward a mechanistic interpretation of the insights coming from this analysis, we used a combination of biochemical, microscopic, and lifespan analyses. We show that PHB depletion perturbed glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids pools differently in short- versus long-lived animals. Interestingly, PHB depletion in otherwise wild type animals induced the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR), which was mitigated in daf-2 mutants. Moreover, depletion of DNJ-21, which functionally interacts with PHB in mitochondria, mimicked the effect of PHB deficiency on the UPRER and on the lifespan of wild type and insulin signaling deficient mutants. Our work shows that PHB differentially modulates lipid metabolism depending on the worm’s metabolic status and provides evidences for a new link between PHB and ER homeostasis in ageing regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur B Lourenço
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Palero
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - David Cabrerizo Granados
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Blanca Hernando-Rodríguez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín J Salas
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Artal-Sanz
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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26
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Mosquera JV, Bacher MC, Priess JR. Nuclear lipid droplets and nuclear damage in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009602. [PMID: 34133414 PMCID: PMC8208577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat stored in the form of lipid droplets has long been considered a defining characteristic of cytoplasm. However, recent studies have shown that nuclear lipid droplets occur in multiple cells and tissues, including in human patients with fatty liver disease. The function(s) of stored fat in the nucleus has not been determined, and it is possible that nuclear fat is beneficial in some situations. Conversely, nuclear lipid droplets might instead be deleterious by disrupting nuclear organization or triggering aggregation of hydrophobic proteins. We show here that nuclear lipid droplets occur normally in C. elegans intestinal cells and germ cells, but appear to be associated with damage only in the intestine. Lipid droplets in intestinal nuclei can be associated with novel bundles of microfilaments (nuclear actin) and membrane tubules that might have roles in damage repair. To increase the normal, low frequency of nuclear lipid droplets in wild-type animals, we used a forward genetic screen to isolate mutants with abnormally large or abundant nuclear lipid droplets. Genetic analysis and cloning of three such mutants showed that the genes encode the lipid regulator SEIP-1/seipin, the inner nuclear membrane protein NEMP-1/Nemp1/TMEM194A, and a component of COPI vesicles called COPA-1/α-COP. We present several lines of evidence that the nuclear lipid droplet phenotype of copa-1 mutants results from a defect in retrieving mislocalized membrane proteins that normally reside in the endoplasmic reticulum. The seip-1 mutant causes most germ cells to have nuclear lipid droplets, the largest of which occupy more than a third of the nuclear volume. Nevertheless, the nuclear lipid droplets do not trigger apoptosis, and the germ cells differentiate into gametes that produce viable, healthy progeny. Thus, our results suggest that nuclear lipid droplets are detrimental to intestinal nuclei, but have no obvious deleterious effect on germ nuclei. Several human disorders such as obesity are associated with abnormal fat storage. Cells normally store fat in cytoplasmic organelles called lipid droplets. However, recent studies have shown that fat can also form inside of the cell nucleus, and the effects of nuclear fat are not known. Here we use the cell biology and genetics of the model organism C. elegans to study the causes and consequences of nuclear fat. We show that intestinal cells can contain nuclear fat, particularly during high-low-high changes in cytoplasmic fat that involve de novo fat synthesis. Nuclear fat is associated with multiple changes in intestinal nuclei that appear to represent damage and repair. Germ nuclei that normally differentiate into oocytes can also contain nuclear fat. In germ cells, however, even high levels of nuclear fat appear to cause little or no damage. Our results suggest that intestinal nuclei and germ cell nuclei might have different responses to nuclear fat in part because they differ in chromosomal organization at the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan C. Bacher
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James R. Priess
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Jia F, Chi C, Han M. Regulation of Nucleotide Metabolism and Germline Proliferation in Response to Nucleotide Imbalance and Genotoxic Stresses by EndoU Nuclease. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1848-1861.e5. [PMID: 32049015 PMCID: PMC7050212 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide deprivation and imbalance present detrimental conditions for animals and are thus expected to trigger cellular responses that direct protective changes in metabolic, developmental, and behavioral programs, albeit such mechanisms are vastly underexplored. Following our previous finding that Caenorhabditis elegans shut down germ cell proliferation in response to pyrimidine deprivation, we find in this study that endonuclease ENDU-2 regulates nucleotide metabolism and germ cell proliferation in response to nucleotide imbalance and other genotoxic stress, and that it affects mitotic chromosomal segregation in the intestine and lifespan. ENDU-2 expression is induced by nucleotide imbalance and genotoxic stress, and ENDU-2 exerts its function in the intestine, mostly by inhibiting the phosphorylation of CTPS-1 through repressing the PKA pathway and histone deacetylase HDA-1. Human EndoU also affects the response to genotoxic drugs. Our work reveals an unknown role of ENDU-2 in regulating nucleotide metabolism and animals' response to genotoxic stress, which may link EndoU function to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jia
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA.
| | - Congwu Chi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | - Min Han
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
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Rackles E, Witting M, Forné I, Zhang X, Zacherl J, Schrott S, Fischer C, Ewbank JJ, Osman C, Imhof A, Rolland SG. Reduced peroxisomal import triggers peroxisomal retrograde signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108653. [PMID: 33472070 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining organelle function in the face of stress is known to involve organelle-specific retrograde signaling. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we present evidence of the existence of such retrograde signaling for peroxisomes, which we define as the peroxisomal retrograde signaling (PRS). Specifically, we show that peroxisomal import stress caused by knockdown of the peroxisomal matrix import receptor prx-5/PEX5 triggers NHR-49/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα)- and MDT-15/MED15-dependent upregulation of the peroxisomal Lon protease lonp-2/LONP2 and the peroxisomal catalase ctl-2/CAT. Using proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, we show that proteins involved in peroxisomal lipid metabolism and immunity are also upregulated upon prx-5(RNAi). While the PRS can be triggered by perturbation of peroxisomal β-oxidation, we also observed hallmarks of PRS activation upon infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We propose that the PRS, in addition to a role in lipid metabolism homeostasis, may act as a surveillance mechanism to protect against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rackles
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Protein Analysis Unit, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Großhadernerstr. 9, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Xing Zhang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Judith Zacherl
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simon Schrott
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Christof Osman
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- Protein Analysis Unit, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Großhadernerstr. 9, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane G Rolland
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Espada L, Dakhovnik A, Chaudhari P, Martirosyan A, Miek L, Poliezhaieva T, Schaub Y, Nair A, Döring N, Rahnis N, Werz O, Koeberle A, Kirkpatrick J, Ori A, Ermolaeva MA. Loss of metabolic plasticity underlies metformin toxicity in aged Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1316-1331. [PMID: 33139960 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current clinical trials are testing the life-extending benefits of the diabetes drug metformin in healthy individuals without diabetes. However, the metabolic response of a non-diabetic cohort to metformin treatment has not been studied. Here, we show in C. elegans and human primary cells that metformin shortens lifespan when provided in late life, contrary to its positive effects in young organisms. We find that metformin exacerbates ageing-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, causing respiratory failure. Age-related failure to induce glycolysis and activate the dietary-restriction-like mobilization of lipid reserves in response to metformin result in lethal ATP exhaustion in metformin-treated aged worms and late-passage human cells, which can be rescued by ectopic stabilization of cellular ATP content. Metformin toxicity is alleviated in worms harbouring disruptions in insulin-receptor signalling, which show enhanced resilience to mitochondrial distortions at old age. Together, our data show that metformin induces deleterious changes of conserved metabolic pathways in late life, which could bring into question its benefits for older individuals without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Espada
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Prerana Chaudhari
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Asya Martirosyan
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Miek
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Schaub
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ashish Nair
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Nadia Döring
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Norman Rahnis
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Michael Popp Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Maria A Ermolaeva
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
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30
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Zwirchmayr J, Kirchweger B, Lehner T, Tahir A, Pretsch D, Rollinger JM. A robust and miniaturized screening platform to study natural products affecting metabolism and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12323. [PMID: 32704017 PMCID: PMC7378205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study a robust, whole organism screening based on Caenorhabditis elegans is presented for the discovery of natural products (NP) with beneficial effects against obesity and age-related diseases. Several parameters of the elaborated workflow were optimized to be adapted for probing multicomponent mixtures combining knowledge from traditional medicine and NP chemistry by generating optimized small-scale extracts considering scarcity of the natural source, solubility issues, and potential assay interferences. The established miniaturized assay protocol allows for in vivo probing of small amounts of even complex samples (~ 1 mg) to test their ability to increase the nematodes' survival time and the suppression of fat accumulation assessed by Nile red staining as hall marks of "healthy aging". The workflow was applied on 24 herbal and fungal materials traditionally used against symptoms of the metabolic syndrome and revealed promising results for the extracts of Gardenia jasminoides fruits and the sclerotia from Inonotus obliquus. Tested at 100 µg/mL they were able to significantly reduce the Nile red fluorescence and extend the 50% survival rate (DT50) compared to the control groups. This phenotype-directed in vivo approach opens up new horizons for the selection of natural starting materials and the investigation of their active principles as fast drug discovery tool with predictive value for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zwirchmayr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Kirchweger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Lehner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ammar Tahir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Pretsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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31
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Cytosolic phospholipase A 2-α participates in lipid body formation and PGE 2 release in human neutrophils stimulated with an L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10976. [PMID: 32620771 PMCID: PMC7334223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cr-LAAO, an l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Calloselasma rhodosthoma snake venom, has been demonstrated as a potent stimulus for neutrophil activation and inflammatory mediator production. However, the mechanisms involved in Cr-LAAO induced neutrophil activation has not been well characterized. Here we investigated the mechanisms involved in Cr-LAAO-induced lipid body (also known as lipid droplet) biogenesis and eicosanoid formation in human neutrophils. Using microarray analysis, we show for the first time that Cr-LAAO plays a role in the up-regulation of the expression of genes involved in lipid signalling and metabolism. Those include different members of phospholipase A2, mostly cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2-α); and enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis including cyclooxygenases 2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES). In addition, genes involved in lipid droplet formation, including perilipin 2 and 3 (PLIN 2 and 3) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), were also upregulated. Furthermore, increased phosphorylation of cPLA2-α, lipid droplet biogenesis and PGE2 synthesis were observed in human neutrophils stimulated with Cr-LAAO. Treatment with cPLA2-α inhibitor (CAY10650) or DGAT-1 inhibitor (A922500) suppressed lipid droplets formation and PGE2 secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time the effects of Cr-LAAO to regulate neutrophil lipid metabolism and signalling.
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32
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Coppa A, Guha S, Fourcade S, Parameswaran J, Ruiz M, Moser AB, Schlüter A, Murphy MP, Lizcano JM, Miranda-Vizuete A, Dalfó E, Pujol A. The peroxisomal fatty acid transporter ABCD1/PMP-4 is required in the C. elegans hypodermis for axonal maintenance: A worm model for adrenoleukodystrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:797-809. [PMID: 32017990 PMCID: PMC7611262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoleukodystrophy is a neurometabolic disorder caused by a defective peroxisomal ABCD1 transporter of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Here we characterize a nematode model of X-ALD with loss of the pmp-4 gene, the worm orthologue of ABCD1. These mutants recapitulate the hallmarks of X-ALD: i) VLCFAs accumulation and impaired mitochondrial redox homeostasis and ii) axonal damage coupled to locomotor dysfunction. Furthermore, we identify a novel role for PMP-4 in modulating lipid droplet dynamics. Importantly, we show that the mitochondria targeted antioxidant MitoQ normalizes lipid droplets size, and prevents axonal degeneration and locomotor disability, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Moreover, PMP-4 acting solely in the hypodermis rescues axonal and locomotion abnormalities, suggesting a myelin-like role for the hypodermis in providing essential peroxisomal functions for the nematode nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coppa
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sanjib Guha
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Janani Parameswaran
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Ann B Moser
- Peroxisomal Diseases Laboratory, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain
| | | | - Jose Miguel Lizcano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío /CSIC/ Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esther Dalfó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain.
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain; ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Park S, Park JY, Paik YK. A Molecular Basis for Reciprocal Regulation between Pheromones and Hormones in Response to Dietary Cues in C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072366. [PMID: 32235409 PMCID: PMC7177881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Under stressful conditions, the early larvae of C. elegans enter dauer diapause, a non-aging period, driven by the seemingly opposite influence of ascaroside pheromones (ASCRs) and steroid hormone dafachronic acids (DAs). However, the molecular basis of how these small molecules engage in competitive crosstalk in coordination with insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) remains elusive. Here we report a novel transcriptional regulatory pathway that seems to operate between the ASCR and DA biosynthesis under ad libitum (AL) feeding conditions or bacterial deprivation (BD). Although expression of the ASCR and DA biosynthetic genes reciprocally inhibit each other, ironically and interestingly, such dietary cue-mediated modulation requires the presence of the competitors. Under BD, induction of ASCR biosynthetic gene expression required DA, while ASCR suppresses the expression of the DA biosynthetic gene daf-36. The negative regulation of DA by ASCR was IIS-dependent, whereas daf-36 regulation appeared to be independent of IIS. These observations suggest that the presence of ASCR determines the IIS-dependency of DA gene expression regardless of dietary conditions. Thus, our work defines a molecular basis for a novel reciprocal gene regulation of pheromones and hormones to cope with stressful conditions during development and aging.
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34
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Abete-Luzi P, Fukushige T, Yun S, Krause MW, Eisenmann DM. New Roles for the Heterochronic Transcription Factor LIN-29 in Cuticle Maintenance and Lipid Metabolism at the Larval-to-Adult Transition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2020; 214:669-690. [PMID: 31974205 PMCID: PMC7054012 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal regulation of gene expression is a crucial aspect of metazoan development. In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, the heterochronic pathway controls multiple developmental events in a time-specific manner. The most downstream effector of this pathway, the zinc-finger transcription factor LIN-29, acts in the last larval stage (L4) to regulate elements of the larval-to-adult switch. Here, we explore new LIN-29 targets and their implications for this developmental transition. We used RNA-sequencing to identify genes differentially expressed between animals misexpressing LIN-29 at an early time point and control animals. Among 230 LIN-29-activated genes, we found that genes encoding cuticle collagens were overrepresented. Interestingly, expression of lin-29 and some of these collagens was increased in adults with cuticle damage, suggesting a previously unknown function for LIN-29 in adult cuticle maintenance. On the other hand, genes involved in fat metabolism were enriched among 350 LIN-29-downregulated targets. We used mass spectrometry to assay lipid content in animals overexpressing LIN-29 and observed reduced fatty acid levels. Many LIN-29-repressed genes are normally expressed in the intestine, suggesting cell-nonautonomous regulation. We identified several LIN-29 upregulated genes encoding signaling molecules that may act as mediators in the regulation of intestinally expressed genes encoding fat metabolic enzymes and vitellogenins. Overall, our results support the model of LIN-29 as a major regulator of adult cuticle synthesis and integrity, and as the trigger for metabolic changes that take place at the important transition from rapid growth during larval life to slower growth and offspring production during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Abete-Luzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250
| | - Tetsunari Fukushige
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sijung Yun
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Michael W Krause
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David M Eisenmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250
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Spatiotemporal contact between peroxisomes and lipid droplets regulates fasting-induced lipolysis via PEX5. Nat Commun 2020; 11:578. [PMID: 31996685 PMCID: PMC6989686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are key subcellular organelles for regulating lipid metabolism. Although several subcellular organelles participate in lipid metabolism, it remains elusive whether physical contacts between subcellular organelles and LDs might be involved in lipolysis upon nutritional deprivation. Here, we demonstrate that peroxisomes and peroxisomal protein PEX5 mediate fasting-induced lipolysis by stimulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) translocation onto LDs. During fasting, physical contacts between peroxisomes and LDs are increased by KIFC3-dependent movement of peroxisomes toward LDs, which facilitates spatial translocations of ATGL onto LDs. In addition, PEX5 could escort ATGL to contact points between peroxisomes and LDs in the presence of fasting cues. Moreover, in adipocyte-specific PEX5-knockout mice, the recruitment of ATGL onto LDs was defective and fasting-induced lipolysis is attenuated. Collectively, these data suggest that physical contacts between peroxisomes and LDs are required for spatiotemporal translocation of ATGL, which is escorted by PEX5 upon fasting, to maintain energy homeostasis. Lipid droplets are organelles that regulate lipid metabolism but if organellar contacts play a role during lipolysis is unclear. Here, the authors show that peroxisomes and peroxisomal protein PEX5 play pivotal roles in the spatial and temporal regulation of fasting-induced lipolysis by translocating ATGL onto lipid droplets
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36
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Shao Q, Liu X, Su T, Ma C, Wang P. New Insights Into the Role of Seed Oil Body Proteins in Metabolism and Plant Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1568. [PMID: 31921234 PMCID: PMC6914826 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oil bodies (OBs) are ubiquitous dynamic organelles found in plant seeds. They have attracted increasing attention recently because of their important roles in plant physiology. First, the neutral lipids stored within these organelles serve as an initial, essential source of energy and carbon for seed germination and post-germinative growth of the seedlings. Secondly, they are involved in many other cellular processes such as stress responses, lipid metabolism, organ development, and hormone signaling. The biological functions of seed OBs are dependent on structural proteins, principally oleosins, caleosins, and steroleosins, which are embedded in the OB phospholipid monolayer. Oleosin and caleosin proteins are specific to plants and mainly act as OB structural proteins and are important for the biogenesis, stability, and dynamics of the organelle; whereas steroleosin proteins are also present in mammals and play an important role in steroid hormone metabolism and signaling. Significant progress using new genetic, biochemical, and imaging technologies has uncovered the roles of these proteins. Here, we review recent work on the structural or metabolic roles of these proteins in OB biogenesis, stabilization and degradation, lipid homeostasis and mobilization, hormone signal transduction, stress defenses, and various aspects of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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37
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MDT-28/PLIN-1 mediates lipid droplet-microtubule interaction via DLC-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14902. [PMID: 31624276 PMCID: PMC6797801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lipid accumulation in lipid droplets (LD) has been linked to many metabolic diseases. In this study, DHS-3::GFP was used as a LD marker in C. elegans and a forward genetic screen was carried out to find novel LD regulators. There were 140 mutant alleles identified which were divided into four phenotypic categories: enlarged, aggregated, aggregated and small, and decreased. After genetic mapping, mutations in three known LD regulatory genes (maoc-1, dhs-28, daf-22) and a peroxisome-related gene (acox-3) were found to enlarge LDs, demonstrating the reliability of using DHS-3 as a living marker. In the screen, the cytoskeleton protein C27H5.2 was found to be involved in LD aggregation, as was the LD resident/structure-like protein, MDT-28/PLIN-1. Using yeast two-hybrid screening and pull-down assays, MDT-28/PLIN-1 was found to bind to DLC-1 (dynein light chain). Fluorescence imaging confirmed that MDT-28/PLIN-1 mediated the interaction between DHS-3 labeled LDs and DLC-1 labeled microtubules. Furthermore, MDT-28/PLIN-1 was directly bound to DLC-1 through its amino acids 1–210 and 275–415. Taken together, our results suggest that MDT-28/PLIN-1 is involved in the regulation of LD distribution through its interaction with microtubule-related proteins.
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38
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Xiang R, Fan LL, Huang H, Chen YQ, He W, Guo S, Li JJ, Jin JY, Du R, Yan R, Xia K. Increased Reticulon 3 (RTN3) Leads to Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia by Interacting With Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 5 (HSPA5). Circulation 2019; 138:1828-1838. [PMID: 29716941 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reticulon 3 (RTN3) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that has previously been shown to play a role in neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about its role in lipid metabolism. METHODS Obese patients (n=149), hypertriglyceridemic patients (n=343), and healthy control subjects (n=84) were enrolled to assess their levels of RTN3. To explore the pathophysiological roles of RTN3 in the control of lipid metabolism, we used transgenic mice overexpressing the wild-type human RTN3 gene, the RTN3-null transgenic mouse model, and multiple Caenorhabditis legans strains for molecular characterization. The underlying mechanisms were studied with 3T3L1 cell cultures in vitro. RESULTS We report that overexpressed RTN3 in mice induces obesity and higher accumulation of triglycerides. Increased RTN3 expression is also found in patients with obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. We reveal that RTN3 plays critical roles in regulating the biosynthesis and storage of triglycerides and in controlling lipid droplet expansion. Mechanistically, RTN3 regulates these events through its interactions with heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5, and this enhanced interaction increases sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and AMP-activated kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for a role of RTN3 in inducing obesity and triglyceride accumulation and suggests that inhibiting the expression of RTN3 in fat tissue may be a novel therapeutic approach to treat obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Ya-Qin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China (Y.-q.C.)
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (W.H., R.Y.)
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Jie-Yuan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Ran Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (W.H., R.Y.)
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
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Buis A, Bellemin S, Goudeau J, Monnier L, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Aguilaniu H. Coelomocytes Regulate Starvation-Induced Fat Catabolism and Lifespan Extension through the Lipase LIPL-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Rep 2019; 28:1041-1049.e4. [PMID: 31340142 PMCID: PMC6667774 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction is known to extend the lifespan and reduce fat stores in most species tested to date, but the molecular mechanisms linking these events remain unclear. Here, we found that bacterial deprivation of Caenorhabditis elegans leads to lifespan extension with concomitant mobilization of fat stores. We find that LIPL-5 expression is induced by starvation and that the LIPL-5 lipase is present in coelomocyte cells and regulates fat catabolism and longevity during the bacterial deprivation response. Either LIPL-5 or coelomocyte deficiency prevents the rapid mobilization of intestinal triacylglycerol and enhanced lifespan extension in response to bacterial deprivation, whereas the combination of both defects has no additional or synergistic effect. Thus, the capacity to mobilize fat via LIPL-5 is directly linked to an animal's capacity to withstand long-term nutrient deprivation. Our data establish a role for LIPL-5 and coelomocytes in regulating fat consumption and lifespan extension upon DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Buis
- Institut Génomique Fonctionelle de Lyon/UMR5262, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Les Patios Saint-Jacques, 4-14 Rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Bellemin
- Institut Génomique Fonctionelle de Lyon/UMR5262, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jérôme Goudeau
- Institut Génomique Fonctionelle de Lyon/UMR5262, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Léa Monnier
- Institut Génomique Fonctionelle de Lyon/UMR5262, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- INRA Toulouse, INRA ToxAlim-Integrative Toxicology & Metabolism-UMR 1331, INRA/INP/UPS, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille-BP 93173, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA Toulouse, INRA ToxAlim-Integrative Toxicology & Metabolism-UMR 1331, INRA/INP/UPS, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille-BP 93173, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Hugo Aguilaniu
- Institut Génomique Fonctionelle de Lyon/UMR5262, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Instituto Serrapilheira, Rua Dias Ferreira 78, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Detaché from CNRS, Paris, France.
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Zaarur N, Desevin K, Mackenzie J, Lord A, Grishok A, Kandror KV. ATGL-1 mediates the effect of dietary restriction and the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway on longevity in C. elegans. Mol Metab 2019; 27:75-82. [PMID: 31311719 PMCID: PMC6717769 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Animal lifespan is controlled through genetic pathways that are conserved from nematodes to humans. Lifespan-promoting conditions in nematodes include fasting and a reduction of insulin/IGF signaling. Here we aimed to investigate the input of the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of the mammalian rate-limiting lipolytic enzyme Adipose Triglyceride Lipase, ATGL-1, in longevity control. Methods We used a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches to determine the role of ATGL-1 in accumulation of triglycerides and regulation of longevity. Results We found that expression of ATGL is increased in the insulin receptor homologue mutant daf-2 in a FoxO/DAF-16-dependent manner. ATGL-1 is also up-regulated by fasting and in the eat-2 loss-of-function mutant strain. Overexpression of ATGL-1 increases basal and maximal oxygen consumption rate and extends lifespan in C. elegans. Reduction of ATGL-1 function suppresses longevity of the long-lived mutants eat-2 and daf-2. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that ATGL is required for extended lifespan downstream of both dietary restriction and reduced insulin/IGF signaling. Expression of ATGL-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans is regulated by fasting and insulin/IGF1 signaling. Over-expression of ATGL-1 extends lifespan while loss-of-function mutant decreases lifespan of long-lived C. elegans models. The effect of ATGL-1 on longevity may be mediated by an increase in mitochondrial oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Zaarur
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kathleen Desevin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - James Mackenzie
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Avery Lord
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alla Grishok
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Konstantin V Kandror
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Cao Z, Hao Y, Fung CW, Lee YY, Wang P, Li X, Xie K, Lam WJ, Qiu Y, Tang BZ, Shui G, Liu P, Qu J, Kang BH, Mak HY. Dietary fatty acids promote lipid droplet diversity through seipin enrichment in an ER subdomain. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2902. [PMID: 31263173 PMCID: PMC6602954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous metabolites from microbial and dietary origins have profound effects on host metabolism. Here, we report that a sub-population of lipid droplets (LDs), which are conserved organelles for fat storage, is defined by metabolite-modulated targeting of the C. elegans seipin ortholog, SEIP-1. Loss of SEIP-1 function reduces the size of a subset of LDs while over-expression of SEIP-1 has the opposite effect. Ultrastructural analysis reveals SEIP-1 enrichment in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain, which co-purifies with LDs. Analyses of C. elegans and bacterial genetic mutants indicate a requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and microbial cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) for SEIP-1 enrichment, as confirmed by dietary supplementation experiments. In mammalian cells, heterologously expressed SEIP-1 engages nascent lipid droplets and promotes their subsequent expansion in a conserved manner. Our results suggest that microbial and polyunsaturated fatty acids serve unexpected roles in regulating cellular fat storage by promoting LD diversity. Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles that are initiated and expanded by seipins at ER contact sites. Here the authors show that the C. elegans seipin ortholog SEIP-1 is recruited to these sites by certain dietary fatty acids to support the expansion of a subset of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Wing Fung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiu Yiu Lee
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kang Xie
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Jiun Lam
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yifei Qiu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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The C. elegans intestine: organogenesis, digestion, and physiology. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:383-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Thomas BJ, Wight IE, Chou WYY, Moreno M, Dawson Z, Homayouni A, Huang H, Kim H, Jia H, Buland JR, Wambach JA, Cole FS, Pak SC, Silverman GA, Luke CJ. CemOrange2 fusions facilitate multifluorophore subcellular imaging in C. elegans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214257. [PMID: 30913273 PMCID: PMC6435234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ease of genetic manipulation and transparency, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has become a preferred model system to study gene function by microscopy. The use of Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to proteins or targeting sequences of interest, further expanded upon the utility of C. elegans by labeling subcellular structures, which enables following their disposition during development or in the presence of genetic mutations. Fluorescent proteins with excitation and emission spectra different from that of GFP accelerated the use of multifluorophore imaging in real time. We have expanded the repertoire of fluorescent proteins for use in C. elegans by developing a codon-optimized version of Orange2 (CemOrange2). Proteins or targeting motifs fused to CemOrange2 were distinguishable from the more common fluorophores used in the nematode; such as GFP, YFP, and mKate2. We generated a panel of CemOrange2 fusion constructs, and confirmed they were targeted to their correct subcellular addresses by colocalization with independent markers. To demonstrate the potential usefulness of this new panel of fluorescent protein markers, we showed that CemOrange2 fusion proteins could be used to: 1) monitor biological pathways, 2) multiplex with other fluorescent proteins to determine colocalization and 3) gain phenotypic knowledge of a human ABCA3 orthologue, ABT-4, trafficking variant in the C. elegans model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Ira E. Wight
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Wendy Y. Y. Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Marco Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Zachary Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Arielle Homayouni
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Huiyan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Hyori Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Hanna Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Buland
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Wambach
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - F. Sessions Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Pak
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Cliff J. Luke
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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Zou L, Wu D, Zang X, Wang Z, Wu Z, Chen D. Construction of a germline-specific RNAi tool in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2354. [PMID: 30787374 PMCID: PMC6382888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of complex biological functions usually requires tissue-specific genetic manipulations in multicellular organisms. The C. elegans germline plays regulatory roles not only in reproduction, but also in metabolism, stress response and ageing. Previous studies have used mutants of rrf-1, which encodes an RNA-directed RNA polymerase, as a germline-specific RNAi tool. However, the rrf-1 mutants showed RNAi activities in somatic tissues. Here we constructed a germline-specific RNAi strain by combining an indel mutation of rde-1, which encodes an Argonaute protein that functions cell autonomously to ensure RNAi efficiency, and a single copy rde-1 transgene driven by the sun-1 germline-specific promoter. The germline RNAi efficiency and specificity are confirmed by RNAi phenocopy of known mutations, knockdown of GFP reporter expression, as well as quantitative RT-PCR measurement of tissue-specific mRNAs upon RNAi knockdown. The germline-specific RNAi strain shows no obvious deficiencies in reproduction, lipid accumulation, thermo-tolerance and life span compared to wild-type animals. By screening an RNAi sub-library of phosphatase genes, we identified novel regulators of thermo-tolerance. Together, we have created a useful tool that can facilitate the genetic analysis of germline-specific functions in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Xiao Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Zi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Zixing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Rd, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210061, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Li X, Li Y, Jiang M, Wu W, He S, Chen C, Qin Z, Tang BZ, Mak HY, Qu JY. Quantitative Imaging of Lipid Synthesis and Lipolysis Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2279-2287. [PMID: 30589537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative methods to precisely measure cellular states in vivo have become increasingly important and desirable in modern biology. Recently, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to visualize small biological molecules tagged with alkyne (C≡C) or carbon-deuterium (C-D) bonds in the cell-silent region. In this study, we developed a technique based on SRS microscopy of vibrational tags for quantitative imaging of lipid synthesis and lipolysis in live animals. The technique aims to overcome the major limitations of conventional fluorescent staining and lipid extraction methods that do not provide the capability of in vivo quantitative analysis. Specifically, we used three bioorthogonal lipid molecules (the alkyne-tagged fatty acid 17-ODYA, deuterium-labeled saturated fatty acid PA-D31, and unsaturated fatty acid OA-D34) to investigate the metabolic dynamics of lipid droplets (LDs) in live Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans). Using a hyperspectral SRS (hsSRS) microscope and subtraction method, the interfering non-Raman background was eliminated to improve the accuracy of lipid quantification. A linear relationship between SRS signals and fatty acid molar concentrations was accurately established. With this quantitative analysis tool, we imaged and determined the changes in concentration of the three fatty acids in LDs of fed or starved adult C. elegans. Using the hsSRS imaging mode, we also observed the desaturation of fatty acids in adult C. elegans via spectral analysis on the SRS signals from LDs. The results demonstrated the unique capability of hsSRS microscopy in quantitative analysis of lipid metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Meijuan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Wanjie Wu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Sicong He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Congping Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Zhongya Qin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
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Kim SW, Moon J, An YJ. Matricidal hatching can induce multi-generational effects in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans after dietary exposure to nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36394-36402. [PMID: 30368709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated multi-generational effects and generation particle transfer in Caenorhabditis elegans following maternal food exposure to core-shell quantum dots. We found that that the Bag of Worms (BOW) phenotype in aged worms induces changes in quantum dot distribution in the parental body, which is related to the inter-generation transfer of these nanoparticles and to their effects in the offspring. To confirm these results we examined a variety of endpoints, namely, survival, reproduction, aging phenotype, oxidative stress, and intestinal fat metabolism. We show that worms born to parents at different times after exposure show different phenotypic effects as a consequence of quantum dot transfer. This evidence of trans-generational transfer and the effects of nanoparticles highlights the complex multi-generational effects and potential safety hazards that can occur under real environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Moon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Zhao Y, Long L, Xu W, Campbell RF, Large EE, Greene JS, McGrath PT. Changes to social feeding behaviors are not sufficient for fitness gains of the Caenorhabditis elegans N2 reference strain. eLife 2018; 7:38675. [PMID: 30328811 PMCID: PMC6224195 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard reference Caenorhabditis elegans strain, N2, has evolved marked behavioral changes in social feeding behavior since its isolation from the wild. We show that the causal, laboratory-derived mutations in two genes, npr-1 and glb-5, confer large fitness advantages in standard laboratory conditions. Using environmental manipulations that suppress social/solitary behavior differences, we show the fitness advantages of the derived alleles remained unchanged, suggesting selection on these alleles acted through pleiotropic traits. Transcriptomics, developmental timing, and food consumption assays showed that N2 animals mature faster, produce more sperm, and consume more food than a strain containing ancestral alleles of these genes regardless of behavioral strategies. Our data suggest that the pleiotropic effects of glb-5 and npr-1 are a consequence of changes to O2 -sensing neurons that regulate both aerotaxis and energy homeostasis. Our results demonstrate how pleiotropy can lead to profound behavioral changes in a popular laboratory model. Why do humans walk on two feet? And what makes us smarter than our ape ancestors? The answers to these questions, and countless others about the particular traits of any number of species, is often said to be natural selection – a process where genes that ensure the survival of a species are favored of others. But it is not always the answer. Other evolutionary forces, such as random changes to the frequency of certain gene variants, restrictions on the development of a certain trait and pleiotropy (where one gene influences other, seemingly unrelated traits) can also cause differences between species. Designing experiments to test whether a trait difference is due to natural selection or other factors is notoriously difficult. However, the humble nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, has proven to be particularly useful in this respect. One subtype or strain of C. elegans with certain changes to its genes is used internationally as a ‘reference strain’, to ensure results between labs are comparable. This strain, N2, has been bred in the laboratory for hundreds of generations, isolated from its wild counterparts. N2 shows several differences in behavior from the wildtype, including its feeding habits. Wild C. elegans tend to feed together socially, whereas N2 prefers to feed alone. In 1998 and 2009, researchers – including some involved in the current study – have identified the genetic modifications responsible for this change in behavior. Now, Zhao et al. set out to determine whether this was due to natural selection, and if so, was there a benefit to solitary feeding in laboratory conditions that was driving this genetic change? Zhao et al. found that the genetic changes in the N2 strain gave the worms a considerable advantage in the artificial environment. However, experiments to modify the conditions the animals grew in revealed that the solitary feeding habits were not necessary for the fitness advantage. In other words, the changes in feeding habits were a symptom of the genetic changes that gave N2 a selective advantage, but they were not the cause. In other words, the changes in feeding behavior were not a result of natural selection, but rather of pleiotropy. The findings highlight that not every change in a trait is down to natural selection and must therefore be put to the test. With declining costs of DNA sequencing, researchers can now easily identify genes and regions of DNA that are likely to be under selection. However, they must be careful before leaping to the conclusion that behavioral differences linked to genetic changes are adaptive. In addition, the findings show that the laboratories relying on N2 as a model organism should be aware that the strain has evolved fundamental differences in its brain connections compared with the wildtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Lijiang Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Richard F Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | - Edward E Large
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
| | | | - Patrick T McGrath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States.,Department of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States.,Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
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48
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Moretti F, Bergman P, Dodgson S, Marcellin D, Claerr I, Goodwin JM, DeJesus R, Kang Z, Antczak C, Begue D, Bonenfant D, Graff A, Genoud C, Reece‐Hoyes JS, Russ C, Yang Z, Hoffman GR, Mueller M, Murphy LO, Xavier RJ, Nyfeler B. TMEM41B is a novel regulator of autophagy and lipid mobilization. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845889. [PMID: 30126924 PMCID: PMC6123663 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by targeting damaged organelles, pathogens, or misfolded protein aggregates for lysosomal degradation. The autophagic process is initiated by the formation of autophagosomes, which can selectively enclose cargo via autophagy cargo receptors. A machinery of well-characterized autophagy-related proteins orchestrates the biogenesis of autophagosomes; however, the origin of the required membranes is incompletely understood. Here, we have applied sensitized pooled CRISPR screens and identify the uncharacterized transmembrane protein TMEM41B as a novel regulator of autophagy. In the absence of TMEM41B, autophagosome biogenesis is stalled, LC3 accumulates at WIPI2- and DFCP1-positive isolation membranes, and lysosomal flux of autophagy cargo receptors and intracellular bacteria is impaired. In addition to defective autophagy, TMEM41B knockout cells display significantly enlarged lipid droplets and reduced mobilization and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Immunostaining and interaction proteomics data suggest that TMEM41B localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Taken together, we propose that TMEM41B is a novel ER-localized regulator of autophagosome biogenesis and lipid mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phil Bergman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Stacie Dodgson
- Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | | | | | - Jonathan M Goodwin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA,Present address:
Casma TherapeuticsCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Rowena DeJesus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Zhao Kang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Damien Begue
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Alexandra Graff
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christel Genoud
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Carsten Russ
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Zinger Yang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | | | - Leon O Murphy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA,Present address:
Casma TherapeuticsCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Beat Nyfeler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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49
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Zhang L, Mou L, Chen X, Yang Y, Hu M, Li X, Suo X, Zhu XQ, Du A. Identification and preliminary characterization of Hc-clec-160, a novel C-type lectin domain-containing gene of the strongylid nematode Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:430. [PMID: 30029661 PMCID: PMC6054721 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The strongylid parasite Haemonchus contortus causes severe anemia in domestic animals worldwide. Effective preventive and therapeutical agents are lacking, because of drug resistance and that little is known about the molecular mechanism of the interaction between H. contortus and host cells. Methods A new gene, Hc-clec-160, was discovered with RT-PCR. Transcriptional levels of Hc-clec-160 and Ce-clec-160 throughout different growth phases of corresponding nematodes were assayed by qPCR. Immunofluorescence staining of paraffin section were performed to determine the protein localization in adult worms of H. contortus. To monitor the promoter capacity of the 5'-flanking region of Ce-clec-160, micro-injection was used. Overexpression and RNAi constructs was carried out in the N2 strain of Caenorhabditis elegans to find out the gene function of Hc-clec-160. Results The full-length cDNA of 1224 bp of Hc-clec-160 was cloned by RT-PCR. The corresponding gene contained twelve exons. Its transcripts peaked in male adult worms. Hc-CLEC-160 was predicted to have a Willebrand factor type A (vWA) domain and a C-type lectin domain. The proteins were not detected by expression in C. elegans or paraffin section experiments in adult of H. contortus. Knockdown of Ce-clec-160 expression in C. elegans by RNAi resulted in shortened body length and decreased brood size. Conclusions In this experiment, a new gene Hc-clec-160 was obtained in H. contortus and its function was addressed using a model organism: C. elegans. Our study showed that Hc-clec-160 possesses characteristics similar to those of Ce-clec-160 and plays an important role in the growth and reproduction of this parasitic nematode. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3005-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Mou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqiu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu Province, China
| | - Aifang Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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50
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Membrane Fluidity Is Regulated Cell Nonautonomously by Caenorhabditis elegans PAQR-2 and Its Mammalian Homolog AdipoR2. Genetics 2018; 210:189-201. [PMID: 29997234 PMCID: PMC6116961 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of cell membranes are determined mostly by the types of fatty acids that they contain. Bodhicharla et al. report that a key regulator of membrane fluidity, the PAQR-2/IGLR-2 protein complex... Maintenance of membrane properties is an essential aspect of cellular homeostasis of which the regulatory mechanisms remain mostly uncharacterized. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the PAQR-2 and IGLR-2 proteins act together as a plasma membrane sensor that responds to decreased fluidity by promoting fatty acid desaturation, hence restoring membrane fluidity. Here, we used mosaic analysis for paqr-2 and iglr-2, and tissue-specific paqr-2 expression, to show that membrane homeostasis is achieved cell nonautonomously. Specifically, we found that expression of paqr-2 in the hypodermis, gonad sheath cells, or intestine is sufficient to suppress systemic paqr-2 mutant phenotypes, including tail tip morphology, membrane fluidity in intestinal cells, cold and glucose intolerance, vitellogenin transport to the germline, germ cell development, and brood size. Finally, we show that the cell nonautonomous regulation of membrane homeostasis is conserved in human cells: HEK293 cells that express AdipoR2, a homolog of paqr-2, are able to normalize membrane fluidity in distant cells where AdipoR2 has been silenced. Finally, using C. elegans mutants and small interfering RNA against Δ9 stearoyl-CoA desaturase in HEK293 cells, we show that Δ9 desaturases are essential for the cell nonautonomous maintenance of membrane fluidity. We conclude that cells are able to share membrane components even when they are not in direct contact with each other, and that this contributes to the maintenance of membrane homeostasis in C. elegans and human cells.
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