1
|
Bharathi JK, Suresh P, Prakash MAS, Muneer S. Exploring recent progress of molecular farming for therapeutic and recombinant molecules in plant systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37634. [PMID: 39309966 PMCID: PMC11416299 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An excellent technique for producing pharmaceuticals called "molecular farming" enables the industrial mass production of useful recombinant proteins in genetically modified organisms. Protein-based pharmaceuticals are rising in significance because of a variety of factors, including their bioreactivity, precision, safety, and efficacy rate. Heterologous expression methods for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products have been previously employed using yeast, bacteria, and animal cells. However, the high cost of mammalian cell system, and production, the chance for product complexity, and contamination, and the hurdles of scaling up to commercial production are the limitations of these traditional expression methods. Plants have been raised as a hopeful replacement system for the expression of biopharmaceutical products due to their potential benefits, which include low production costs, simplicity in scaling up to commercial manufacturing levels, and a lower threat of mammalian toxin contaminations and virus infections. Since plants are widely utilized as a source of therapeutic chemicals, molecular farming offers a unique way to produce molecular medicines such as recombinant antibodies, enzymes, growth factors, plasma proteins, and vaccines whose molecular basis for use in therapy is well established. Biopharming provides more economical and extensive pharmaceutical drug supplies, including vaccines for contagious diseases and pharmaceutical proteins for the treatment of conditions like heart disease and cancer. To assess its technical viability and the efficacy resulting from the adoption of molecular farming products, the following review explores the various methods and methodologies that are currently employed to create commercially valuable molecules in plant systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jothi Kanmani Bharathi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethika Suresh
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil-Nadu, India
- Department of Horticulture and Food Science, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil-Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Arjuna Samy Prakash
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Department of Horticulture and Food Science, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil-Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang B, Chen S, Yin X, McBride CD, Gertie JA, Yurieva M, Bielecka AA, Hoffmann B, Travis Hinson J, Grassmann J, Xu L, Siniscalco ER, Soldatenko A, Hoyt L, Joseph J, Norton EB, Uthaman G, Palm NW, Liu E, Eisenbarth SC, Williams A. Metabolic fitness of IgA + plasma cells in the gut requires DOCK8. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:431-449. [PMID: 38159726 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) mutations lead to a primary immunodeficiency associated with recurrent gastrointestinal infections and poor antibody responses but, paradoxically, heightened IgE to food antigens, suggesting that DOCK8 is central to immune homeostasis in the gut. Using Dock8-deficient mice, we found that DOCK8 was necessary for mucosal IgA production to multiple T cell-dependent antigens, including peanut and cholera toxin. Yet DOCK8 was not necessary in T cells for this phenotype. Instead, B cell-intrinsic DOCK8 was required for maintenance of antigen-specific IgA-secreting plasma cells (PCs) in the gut lamina propria. Unexpectedly, DOCK8 was not required for early B cell activation, migration, or IgA class switching. An unbiased interactome screen revealed novel protein partners involved in metabolism and apoptosis. Dock8-deficient IgA+ B cells had impaired cellular respiration and failed to engage glycolysis appropriately. These results demonstrate that maintenance of the IgA+ PC compartment requires DOCK8 and suggest that gut IgA+ PCs have unique metabolic requirements for long-term survival in the lamina propria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shuting Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Caleb D McBride
- The Department Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jake A Gertie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marina Yurieva
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Agata A Bielecka
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Microbial Immunoregulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brian Hoffmann
- Mass Spectrometry and Protein Chemistry, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - J Travis Hinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Cardiology center, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jessica Grassmann
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emily R Siniscalco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arielle Soldatenko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Laura Hoyt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Julie Joseph
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gowthaman Uthaman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elise Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; The Department Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Adam Williams
- The Department Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuki Y, Kurokawa S, Sugiura K, Kashima K, Maruyama S, Yamanoue T, Honma A, Mejima M, Takeyama N, Kuroda M, Kozuka-Hata H, Oyama M, Masumura T, Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Fujihashi K, Hiraizumi T, Goto E, Kiyono H. MucoRice-CTB line 19A, a new marker-free transgenic rice-based cholera vaccine produced in an LED-based hydroponic system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1342662. [PMID: 38559768 PMCID: PMC10978600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1342662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We previously established the selection-marker-free rice-based oral cholera vaccine (MucoRice-CTB) line 51A for human use by Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation and conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I trial in Japan and the United States. Although MucoRice-CTB 51A was acceptably safe and well tolerated by healthy Japanese and U.S. subjects and induced CTB-specific antibodies neutralizing cholera toxin secreted by Vibrio cholerae, we were limited to a 6-g cohort in the U.S. trial because of insufficient production of MucoRice-CTB. Since MucoRice-CTB 51A did not grow in sunlight, we re-examined the previously established marker-free lines and selected MucoRice-CTB line 19A. Southern blot analysis of line 19A showed a single copy of the CTB gene. We resequenced the whole genome and detected the transgene in an intergenic region in chromosome 1. After establishing a master seed bank of MucoRice-CTB line 19A, we established a hydroponic production facility with LED lighting to reduce electricity consumption and to increase production capacity for clinical trials. Shotgun MS/MS proteomics analysis of MucoRice-CTB 19A showed low levels of α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor-like proteins (major rice allergens), which was consistent with the data for line 51A. We also demonstrated that MucoRice-CTB 19A had high oral immunogenicity and induced protective immunity against cholera toxin challenge in mice. These results indicate that MucoRice-CTB 19A is a suitable oral cholera vaccine candidate for Phase I and II clinical trials in humans, including a V. cholerae challenge study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- R&D department, HanaVax Inc., Chiba, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiho Kurokawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotomi Sugiura
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Kashima
- Technical Research Institute, Asahi Kogyosha Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Maruyama
- Technical Research Institute, Asahi Kogyosha Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamanoue
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayaka Honma
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Mejima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takeyama
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Department, Nisseiken Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kuroda
- Division of Genome Editing Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Masumura
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Takashi Hiraizumi
- Technical Research Institute, Asahi Kogyosha Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Goto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- R&D department, HanaVax Inc., Chiba, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccine (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang S, Han Y, Schofield W, Nicosia M, Karell PE, Newhall KP, Zhou JY, Musich RJ, Pan S, Valujskikh A, Sangwan N, Dwidar M, Lu Q, Stappenbeck TS. Select symbionts drive high IgA levels in the mouse intestine. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1620-1638.e7. [PMID: 37776865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an important factor in maintaining homeostasis at mucosal surfaces, yet luminal IgA levels vary widely. Total IgA levels are thought to be driven by individual immune responses to specific microbes. Here, we found that the prebiotic, pectin oligosaccharide (pec-oligo), induced high IgA levels in the small intestine in a T cell-dependent manner. Surprisingly, this IgA-high phenotype was retained after cessation of pec-oligo treatment, and microbiome transmission either horizontally or vertically was sufficient to retain high IgA levels in the absence of pec-oligo. Interestingly, the bacterial taxa enriched in the overall pec-oligo bacterial community differed from IgA-coated microbes in this same community. Rather, a group of ethanol-resistant microbes, highly enriched for Lachnospiraceae bacterium A2, drove the IgA-high phenotype. These findings support a model of intestinal adaptive immunity in which a limited number of microbes can promote durable changes in IgA directed to many symbionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, P.R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul E Karell
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kevin P Newhall
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Julie Y Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ryan J Musich
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohammed Dwidar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Umemoto S, Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Yuki Y, Kurokawa S, Machita T, Uchida Y, Mori H, Yamanoue T, Shibata T, Sawada SI, Ishige K, Hirano T, Fujihashi K, Akiyoshi K, Kurashima Y, Tokuhara D, Ernst PB, Suzuki M, Kiyono H. Cationic-nanogel nasal vaccine containing the ectodomain of RSV-small hydrophobic protein induces protective immunity in rodents. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:106. [PMID: 37488116 PMCID: PMC10366164 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infection, especially in children and the elderly. Various vaccines containing the major transmembrane surface proteins of RSV (proteins F and G) have been tested; however, they have either afforded inadequate protection or are associated with the risk of vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). Recently, F protein-based maternal immunization and vaccines for elderly patients have shown promising results in phase III clinical trials, however, these vaccines have been administered by injection. Here, we examined the potential of using the ectodomain of small hydrophobic protein (SHe), also an RSV transmembrane surface protein, as a nasal vaccine antigen. A vaccine was formulated using our previously developed cationic cholesteryl-group-bearing pullulan nanogel as the delivery system, and SHe was linked in triplicate to pneumococcal surface protein A as a carrier protein. Nasal immunization of mice and cotton rats induced both SHe-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies, preventing viral invasion in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts without inducing VED. Moreover, nasal immunization induced greater protective immunity against RSV in the upper respiratory tract than did systemic immunization, suggesting a critical role for mucosal RSV-specific IgA responses in viral elimination at the airway epithelium. Thus, our nasal vaccine induced effective protection against RSV infection in the airway mucosa and is therefore a promising vaccine candidate for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Umemoto
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD cMAV), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- HanaVax Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Kurokawa
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomonori Machita
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Uchida
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mori
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamanoue
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shibata
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishige
- Biochemicals Division, Yamasa Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD cMAV), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tokuhara
- Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD cMAV), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD cMAV), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD cMAV), Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
- HanaVax Inc, Tokyo, Japan.
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Montero DA, Vidal RM, Velasco J, George S, Lucero Y, Gómez LA, Carreño LJ, García-Betancourt R, O’Ryan M. Vibrio cholerae, classification, pathogenesis, immune response, and trends in vaccine development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1155751. [PMID: 37215733 PMCID: PMC10196187 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1155751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a highly contagious diarrheal disease affecting millions worldwide each year. Cholera is a major public health problem, primarily in countries with poor sanitary conditions and regions affected by natural disasters, where access to safe drinking water is limited. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of the evolution of virulence and pathogenesis of V. cholerae as well as provide an overview of the immune response against this pathogen. We highlight that V. cholerae has a remarkable ability to adapt and evolve, which is a global concern because it increases the risk of cholera outbreaks and the spread of the disease to new regions, making its control even more challenging. Furthermore, we show that this pathogen expresses several virulence factors enabling it to efficiently colonize the human intestine and cause cholera. A cumulative body of work also shows that V. cholerae infection triggers an inflammatory response that influences the development of immune memory against cholera. Lastly, we reviewed the status of licensed cholera vaccines, those undergoing clinical evaluation, and recent progress in developing next-generation vaccines. This review offers a comprehensive view of V. cholerae and identifies knowledge gaps that must be addressed to develop more effective cholera vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Montero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto M. Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Velasco
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico, Clínica Hospital del Profesor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Formación de Especialista en Medicina de Urgencia, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio George
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Hospital Dr. Roberto del Rio, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo A. Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard García-Betancourt
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O’Ryan
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
DuPont HL, Jiang ZD, Alexander AS, DuPont AW, Brown EL. Intestinal IgA-Coated Bacteria in Healthy- and Altered-Microbiomes (Dysbiosis) and Predictive Value in Successful Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010093. [PMID: 36677385 PMCID: PMC9862469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA-coated bacteria in the gut (IgA-biome) provide a homeostatic function in healthy people through inhibition of microbial invaders and by protecting the epithelial monolayer of the gut. The laboratory methods used to detect this group of bacteria require flow cytometry and DNA sequencing (IgA-Seq). With dysbiosis (reduced diversity of the microbiome), the IgA-biome also is impaired. In the presence of enteric infection, oral vaccines, or an intestinal inflammatory disorder, the IgA-biome focuses on the pathogenic bacteria or foreign antigens, while in other chronic diseases associated with dysbiosis, the IgA-biome is reduced in capacity. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the use of fecal product from well-screened, healthy donors administered to patients with dysbiosis, has been successful in engrafting the intestine with healthy microbiota and metabolites leading to improve health. Through FMT, IgA-coated bacteria have been transferred to recipients retaining their immune coating. The IgA-biome should be evaluated in FMT studies as these mucosal-associated bacteria are more likely to be associated with successful transplantation than free luminal organisms. Studies of the microbiome pre- and post-FMT should employ metagenomic methods that identify bacteria at least at the species level to better identify organisms of interest while allowing comparisons of microbiota data between studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert L. DuPont
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-500-9366
| | - Zhi-Dong Jiang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Andrew W. DuPont
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric L. Brown
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and constitutes a significant public health threat in many areas of the world. V. cholerae infection elicits potent and long-lasting immunity, and efforts to develop cholera vaccines have been ongoing for more than a century. Currently available inactivated two-dose oral cholera vaccines are increasingly deployed to both prevent and actively curb cholera outbreaks, and they are key components of the global effort to eradicate cholera. However, these killed whole-cell vaccines have several limitations, and a variety of new oral and nonoral cholera vaccine platforms have recently been developed. Here, we review emerging concepts in cholera vaccine design and implementation that have been driven by insights from human and animal studies. As a prototypical vaccine-preventable disease, cholera continues to be an excellent target for the development and application of cutting-edge technologies and platforms that may transform vaccinology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Sit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; .,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bolutife Fakoya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; .,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; .,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu Q, Tan J, Liu YG. Molecular farming using transgenic rice endosperm. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1248-1260. [PMID: 35562237 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant expression platforms are low-cost, scalable, safe, and environmentally friendly systems for the production of recombinant proteins and bioactive metabolites. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm is an ideal bioreactor for the production and storage of high-value active substances, including pharmaceutical proteins, oral vaccines, vitamins, and nutraceuticals such as flavonoids and carotenoids. Here, we explore the use of molecular farming from producing medicines to developing functional food crops (biofortification). We review recent progress in producing pharmaceutical proteins and bioactive substances in rice endosperm and compare this platform with other plant expression systems. We describe how rice endosperm could be modified to design metabolic pathways and express and store stable products and discuss the factors restricting the commercialization of transgenic rice products and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuki Y, Nojima M, Kashima K, Sugiura K, Maruyama S, Kurokawa S, Yamanoue T, Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Nakajima H, Hiraizumi T, Kohno H, Goto E, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H. Oral MucoRice-CTB vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy US adults. Vaccine 2022; 40:3372-3379. [PMID: 35484039 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MucoRice-CTB is a promising cold-chain-free oral cholera vaccine candidate. Here, we report a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I study conducted in the USA in which vaccination with the 6-g dose of MucoRice-CTB induced cross-reactive antigen-specific antibodies against the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin without inducing serious adverse events. This dosage was acceptably safe and tolerable in healthy men and women. In addition, it induced a CTB-specific IgA response in the saliva of two of the nine treated subjects; in one subject, the immunological kinetics of the salivary IgA were similar to those of the serum CTB-specific IgA. Antibodies from three of the five responders to the vaccine prevented CTB from binding its GM1 ganglioside receptor. These results are consistent with those of the phase I study in Japan, suggesting that oral MucoRice-CTB induces neutralizing antibodies against diarrheal toxins regardless of ethnicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Yuki
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koji Kashima
- Asahi Kogyosha Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 105-0013, Japan
| | - Kotomi Sugiura
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | | | - Shiho Kurokawa
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamanoue
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan; Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Eiji Goto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan; Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan; Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan; CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccine (cMAV) Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0956, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recent advances in molecular farming using monocot plants. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Kiyono H, Yuki Y, Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Fujihashi K. Mucosal vaccines: wisdom from now and then. Int Immunol 2021; 33:767-774. [PMID: 34436595 PMCID: PMC8633596 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral and nasal cavities are covered by the mucosal epithelium that starts at the beginning of the aero-digestive tract. These mucosal surfaces are continuously exposed to environmental antigens including pathogens and allergens and are thus equipped with a mucosal immune system that mediates initial recognition of pathogenicity and initiates pathogen-specific immune responses. At the dawn of our scientific effort to explore the mucosal immune system, dental science was one of the major driving forces as it provided insights into the importance of mucosal immunity and its application for the control of oral infectious diseases. The development of mucosal vaccines for the prevention of dental caries was thus part of a novel approach that contributed to building the scientific foundations of the mucosal immune system. Since then, mucosal immunology and vaccines have gone on a scientific journey to become one of the major entities within the discipline of immunology. Here, we introduce our past and current efforts and future directions for the development of mucosal vaccines, specifically a rice-based oral vaccine (MucoRice) and a nanogel-based nasal vaccine, with the aim of preventing and controlling gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious diseases using the interdisciplinary fusion of mucosal immunology with agricultural science and biomaterial engineering, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bahroudi M, Bakhshi B, Soudi S, Najar-Peerayeh S. Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media on lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae as a vaccine candidate. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:564. [PMID: 34732259 PMCID: PMC8567566 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, which is commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality, and presents a major challenge to healthcare systems throughout the world. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is required for full protection against V. cholerae but can induce inflammation and septic shock. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently used to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the immune-modulating effects of the LPS-MSC-conditioned medium (CM) on V. cholerae LPS immunization in a murine model. METHODS After preconditioning MSCs with LPS, mice were immunized intraperitoneally on days 0 and 14 with the following combinations: LPS + LPS-MSC-CM; detoxified LPS (DLPS) + MSC-CM; LPS + MSC sup; LPS; LPS-MSC-CM; MSC supernatant (MSC sup); and PBS. The mouse serum and saliva samples were collected to evaluate antibody (serum IgG and saliva IgA) and cytokine responses (TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-5, and B-cell activating factor (BAFF)). RESULTS The LPS + LPS-MSC-CM significantly increased total IgG and IgA compared to other combinations (P < 0.001). TNF-α levels, in contrast to IL-10 and TGF-β, were reduced significantly in mice receiving the LPS + LPS-MSC-CM compared to mice receiving only LPS. IL-4, IL-5, and BAFF levels significantly increased in mice receiving increased doses of LPS + LPS-MSC-CM compared to those who received only LPS. The highest vibriocidal antibody titer (1:64) was observed in LPS + LPS-MSC-CM-immunized mice and resulted in a significant improvement in survival in infant mice infected by V. cholerae O1. CONCLUSIONS The LPS-MSC-CM modulates the immune response to V. cholerae LPS by regulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses and inducing vibriocidal antibodies, which protect neonate mice against V. cholerae infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboube Bahroudi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave., 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave., 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave., 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave., 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roghanian P, Zare Karizi S, Motamedi MJ, Kazemi R, Khoobbakht D, Amani J. Designing and determining immunogenicity of a recombinant protein due to producing a new vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli containing CfaE and CotD subunits. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 42:525-542. [PMID: 33834940 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1906890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common bacterial causes of mortalities in developing countries due to diarrhea. Since mucosal immune responses to CFs can prevent the disease, a chimeric protein containing ETEC's CFA/I (CfaE) tip subunits and CS2 (CotD) sub-structural units is developed to produce effective vaccine. Using bioinformatics tools, the chimeric construct was analyzed and then the optimized gene was synthesized and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein was expressed and purified by the Ni-NTA chromatography column and confirmed by anti-his tag antibody by western blotting. Mice were immunized with recombinant protein, and the IgG and IgA antibodies' titrations of the sera were analyzed by ELISA. In addition, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy against the live ETEC bacteria in the challenge test were determined. Western blot analysis verified the chimeric protein expression of CotD-CfaE. The outcome of ELISA was a substantial improvement in the IgG antibody titer in immunized mice. In a live ETEC challenge, the survival percentage of 30% was shown for immunized mice. The developed recombinant chimeric protein could be suggested as an effective component in producing an efficient vaccine against Enterotoxigenic E. coli with other crucial subunits, different immunization route, and other factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Roghanian
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Zare Karizi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva, Branch Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | | | | | - Dorna Khoobbakht
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yuki Y, Nojima M, Hosono O, Tanaka H, Kimura Y, Satoh T, Imoto S, Uematsu S, Kurokawa S, Kashima K, Mejima M, Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Uchida Y, Marui T, Yoshikawa N, Nagamura F, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H. Oral MucoRice-CTB vaccine for safety and microbiota-dependent immunogenicity in humans: a phase 1 randomised trial. THE LANCET MICROBE 2021; 2:e429-e440. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
16
|
Tokuhara D, Hikita N. Cord Blood-Based Approach to Assess Candidate Vaccine Adjuvants Designed for Neonates and Infants. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020095. [PMID: 33514054 PMCID: PMC7911524 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonates and infants are particularly susceptible to infections, for which outcomes tend to be severe. Vaccination is a key strategy for preventing infectious diseases, but the protective immunity achieved through vaccination typically is weaker in infants than in healthy adults. One possible explanation for the poor acquisition of vaccine-induced immunity in infants is that their innate immune response, represented by toll-like receptors, is immature. The current system for developing pediatric vaccines relies on the confirmation of their safety and effectiveness in studies involving the use of mature animals or adult humans. However, creating vaccines for neonates and infants requires an understanding of their uniquely immature innate immunity. Here we review current knowledge regarding the innate immune system of neonates and infants and challenges in developing vaccine adjuvants for those children through analyses of cord blood.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sasou A, Yuki Y, Honma A, Sugiura K, Kashima K, Kozuka-Hata H, Nojima M, Oyama M, Kurokawa S, Maruyama S, Kuroda M, Tanoue S, Takamatsu N, Fujihashi K, Goto E, Kiyono H. Comparative whole-genome and proteomics analyses of the next seed bank and the original master seed bank of MucoRice-CTB 51A line, a rice-based oral cholera vaccine. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:59. [PMID: 33468052 PMCID: PMC7814724 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously developed a rice-based oral vaccine against cholera diarrhea, MucoRice-CTB. Using Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation, we produced the selection marker-free MucoRice-CTB line 51A, which has three copies of the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) gene and two copies of an RNAi cassette inserted into the rice genome. We determined the sequence and location of the transgenes on rice chromosomes 3 and 12. The expression of alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor, a major allergen protein in rice, is lower in this line than in wild-type rice. Line 51A was self-pollinated for five generations to fix the transgenes, and the seeds of the sixth generation produced by T5 plants were defined as the master seed bank (MSB). T6 plants were grown from part of the MSB seeds and were self-pollinated to produce T7 seeds (next seed bank; NSB). NSB was examined and its whole genome and proteome were compared with those of MSB. RESULTS We re-sequenced the transgenes of NSB and MSB and confirmed the positions of the three CTB genes inserted into chromosomes 3 and 12. The DNA sequences of the transgenes were identical between NSB and MSB. Using whole-genome sequencing, we compared the genome sequences of three NSB with three MSB samples, and evaluated the effects of SNPs and genomic structural variants by clustering. No functionally important mutations (SNPs, translocations, deletions, or inversions of genic regions on chromosomes) between NSB and MSB samples were detected. Analysis of salt-soluble proteins from NSB and MSB samples by shot-gun MS/MS detected no considerable differences in protein abundance. No difference in the expression pattern of storage proteins and CTB in mature seeds of NSB and MSB was detected by immuno-fluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS All analyses revealed no considerable differences between NSB and MSB samples. Therefore, NSB can be used to replace MSB in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sasou
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Honma
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotomi Sugiura
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Kurokawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaharu Kuroda
- Crop Development Division, NARO Agriculture Research Center, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Goto
- Faculty of Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccine, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deng Z, Luo XM, Liu J, Wang H. Quorum Sensing, Biofilm, and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier: Involvement the Role of Probiotic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:538077. [PMID: 33102249 PMCID: PMC7546212 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.538077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a particularly dynamic environment in which the host constantly interacts with trillions of symbiotic bacteria called the microbiota. Using quorum sensing (QS) communication, bacteria can coordinate their social behavior and influence host cell activities in a non-invasive manner. Nowadays, a large amount of research has greatly spurred the understanding of how bacterial QS communication regulates bacterial cooperative behaviors due to coexistence and host-microbe interactions. In this review, we discuss bacterial QS in the gut and its role in biofilm formation. As a biological barrier, the mucosal immune system can effectively prevent pathogenic microorganisms and other immunogenic components from entering the internal environment of the host. We focus on the relationship between biofilm and intestinal mucosal immunity, and how probiotic bacteria may regulate them. This review is to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new techniques including probiotics targeting the intestinal barrier function, thereby improving gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Wang
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hao S, Fan Q, Bai Y, Fang H, Zhou J, Fukuda T, Gu J, Li M, Li W. Core Fucosylation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Protects Against Salmonella Typhi Infection via Up-Regulating the Biological Antagonism of Intestinal Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1097. [PMID: 32528455 PMCID: PMC7266941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fucosylated carbohydrate moieties on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are involved in the creation of an environmental niche for commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Core fucosylation catalyzed by fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8) is the major fucosylation pattern on the N-glycans of the surface glycoproteins on IECs, however, the role of IECs core fucosylation during infection remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the interaction between IECs core fucosylation and gut microbiota, and the effects of this interaction on protecting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) infection. Firstly, the Fut8+/+ and Fut8+/– mice were infected with S. Typhi. The level of IECs core fucosylation and protein expression of intestinal mucosa were then detected by LCA blot and Western blot, respectively. The gut microbiota of Fut8+/+ and Fut8+/– mice before and after S. Typhi infection was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results showed that core fucosylation was ubiquitous expressed on the intestinal mucosa of mice and had significant effects on their gut microbiota. Fut8+/– mice was more susceptive to S. Typhi infection than Fut8+/+ mice. Interestingly, infection of S. Typhi upregulated the core fucosylation level of IECs and increased the abundances of beneficial microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia spp. Further in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated the elevation of IECs core fucosylation level upon infection of S. Typhi. Taken together, our data in this study revealed that the IECs core fucosylation plays an important role in protecting against S. Typhi infection via up-regulating the biological antagonism of intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Hao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingjie Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaqiang Bai
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Fang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaorui Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang C, Mogno I, Contijoch EJ, Borgerding JN, Aggarwala V, Li Z, Siu S, Grasset EK, Helmus DS, Dubinsky MC, Mehandru S, Cerutti A, Faith JJ. Fecal IgA Levels Are Determined by Strain-Level Differences in Bacteroides ovatus and Are Modifiable by Gut Microbiota Manipulation. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:467-475.e6. [PMID: 32075742 PMCID: PMC7213796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fecal IgA production depends on colonization by a gut microbiota. However, the bacterial strains that drive gut IgA production remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed the IgA-inducing capacity of a diverse set of human gut microbial strains by monocolonizing mice with each strain. We identified Bacteroides ovatus as the species that best induced gut IgA production. However, this induction varied bimodally across different B. ovatus strains. The high IgA-inducing B. ovatus strains preferentially elicited more IgA production in the large intestine through the T cell-dependent B cell-activation pathway. Remarkably, a low-IgA phenotype in mice could be robustly and consistently converted into a high-IgA phenotype by transplanting a multiplex cocktail of high IgA-inducing B. ovatus strains but not individual ones. Our results highlight the critical importance of microbial strains in driving phenotype variation in the mucosal immune system and provide a strategy to robustly modify a gut immune phenotype, including IgA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ilaria Mogno
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eduardo J Contijoch
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua N Borgerding
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Varun Aggarwala
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sophia Siu
- Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Drew S Helmus
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are the interface between the host’s internal milieu and the external environment, and they have dual functions, serving as physical barriers to foreign antigens and as accepting sites for vital materials. Mucosal vaccines are more favored to prevent mucosal infections from the portal of entry. Although mucosal vaccination has many advantages, licensed mucosal vaccines are scarce. The most widely studied mucosal routes are oral and intranasal. Licensed oral and intranasal vaccines are composed mostly of whole cell killed or live attenuated microorganisms serving as both delivery systems and built-in adjuvants. Future mucosal vaccines should be made with more purified antigen components, which will be relatively less immunogenic. To induce robust protective immune responses against well-purified vaccine antigens, an effective mucosal delivery system is an essential requisite. Recent developments in biomaterials and nanotechnology have enabled many innovative mucosal vaccine trials. For oral vaccination, the vaccine delivery system should be able to stably carry antigens and adjuvants and resist harsh physicochemical conditions in the stomach and intestinal tract. Besides many nano/microcarrier tools generated by using natural and chemical materials, the development of oral vaccine delivery systems using food materials should be more robustly researched to expand vaccine coverage of gastrointestinal infections in developing countries. For intranasal vaccination, the vaccine delivery system should survive the very active mucociliary clearance mechanisms and prove safety because of the anatomical location of nasal cavity separated by a thin barrier. Future mucosal vaccine carriers, regardless of administration routes, should have certain common characteristics. They should maintain stability in given environments, be mucoadhesive, and have the ability to target specific tissues and cells.
Collapse
|
22
|
Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 Mediate the IgA Immune Response Induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Infect Immun 2019; 88:IAI.00697-19. [PMID: 31611272 PMCID: PMC6921651 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00697-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA plays an important role in mucosal immunity against infectious pathogens; however, the molecular mechanism of IgA secretion in response to infection remains largely unknown, particularly in Mycoplasma spp. In this study, we found that the levels of IgA in the peripheral blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal mucosa, trachea, hilar lymph nodes, and lung tissues of pigs increased significantly after infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. IgA plays an important role in mucosal immunity against infectious pathogens; however, the molecular mechanism of IgA secretion in response to infection remains largely unknown, particularly in Mycoplasma spp. In this study, we found that the levels of IgA in the peripheral blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal mucosa, trachea, hilar lymph nodes, and lung tissues of pigs increased significantly after infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Furthermore, IgA and CD11c were detected in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes by immunohistochemical analysis, and colocalization of these two markers indicates that CD11c+ cells play an important role in IgA mucosal immunity induced by M. hyopneumoniae. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of IgA, we separated mouse dendritic cells (DCs) from different tissues and mouse macrophages from the lungs and then cultured mouse B cells together with either DCs or macrophages in vitro. In the mouse lung-DC/B (LDC/B) cell coculture, IgA secretion was increased significantly after the addition of whole-cell lysates of M. hyopneumoniae. The expression of both Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 was also upregulated, as determined by mRNA and protein expression analyses, whereas no obvious change in the expression of TLR3 and TLR7 was detected. Moreover, the IgA level decreased to the same as the control group when TLR2 or TLR4 was inhibited instead of TLR8 or TLR7/9. In conclusion, M. hyopneumoniae can stimulate the response of IgA through TLR2 and TLR4 in a mouse LDC/B cell coculture model, and the coculture model is an ideal tool for studying the IgA response mechanism, particularly that with Mycoplasma spp.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hikita N, Cho Y, Tachibana D, Hamazaki T, Koyama M, Tokuhara D. Cell surface antigens of neonatal monocytes are selectively impaired in basal expression, but hyperresponsive to lipopolysaccharide and zymosan. J Reprod Immunol 2019; 136:102614. [PMID: 31606697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important components of the innate immune system, but how neonatal TLR-mediated immune responses differ from those of adults is unknown. We aimed to clarify the TLR-mediated expression profiles of cell surface antigens related to antigen presentation in neonates. CD14-positive monocytes were isolated from human cord blood and adult peripheral blood and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) or zymosan (TLR2/6 agonist) or left unstimulated. Expression levels of the surface antigens major histocompatibility (MHC)-class II, CD80, CD86, CD11b, CD11c, CD14, and CD16 were then evaluated by flow cytometry. Cord blood CD14+CD16high monocytes (CBM) showed significantly lower basal levels of MHC-class II, CD80, and CD11b than adult blood CD14+CD16intermediate monocytes (ABM) (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). LPS stimulation enhanced expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD11b significantly more in CBM than in ABM (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively), resulting in levels that did not differ between CBM and ABM. Zymosan stimulation also enhanced expression of MHC class II, CD86, CD11b, and CD11c significantly more in CBM than in ABM (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively), resulting in levels of CD86 and CD11c that did not differ in CBM and ABM. However, MHC class II, CD80, and CD11b remained significantly higher in ABM than in CBM (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). These data indicate that CBM and ABM have distinct phenotypes and responses to stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norikatsu Hikita
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tachibana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayasu Koyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tokuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lan H, Hosomi K, Kunisawa J. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin-based protein engineering for the vaccine design and delivery system. Vaccine 2019; 37:6232-6239. [PMID: 31466706 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, with its enterotoxin (CPE) being the major virulence factor. The C-terminus of CPE (C-CPE) is non-toxic and is the part of the toxin that binds to epithelial cells via the claudins in tight junctions; however, C-CPE has low antigenicity. To address this issue, we have used protein engineering technology to augment the antigenicity of C-CPE and have developed a C-CPE-based vaccine against C. perfringens-mediated food poisoning. Moreover, C-CPE has properties that make it potentially useful for the development of vaccines against other bacterial toxins that cause food poisoning. For example, we hypothesized that the ability of C-CPE to bind to claudins could be harnessed to deliver vaccine antigens directly to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, and we successfully developed a nasally administered C-CPE-based vaccine delivery system that promotes antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses. In addition, our group has revealed the roles that the nasal mucus plays in lowering the efficacy of C-CPE-based nasal vaccines. Here, we review recent advances in the development of C-CPE-based vaccines against the major bacterial toxins that cause food poisoning and discuss our C-CPE-based nasal vaccine delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huangwenxian Lan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cathepsin L promotes secretory IgA response by participating in antigen presentation pathways during Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215408. [PMID: 30986254 PMCID: PMC6464228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL) has been proved to help contain leishmaniasis and mycoplasma infection in mice by supporting cellular immune responses, but the regulatory functions of CTSL on mucosal immune responses haven't been tested and remain undefined. Here, we investigated the effects of CTSL on SIgA responses and invariant chain (Ii) degradations in the co-cultured swine dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells system in vitro. When the cells system were transfected with vector CTSL-GFP or incubated with recombinant CTSL (rCTSL) before they were infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hp), SIgA significantly increased and Ii chain was degraded into smaller intermediates, while SIgA decreased when CTSL was knockdown or inhibited with E64. To confirm the SIgA responses promoted by CTSL contribute to the resistance to mycoplasma pneumonia, pigs injected with rCTSL before they were challenged with M.hp, showed milder clinical symptoms and histopathological damage of lungs, less mycoplasma burden together with higher secretion of SIgA, percentages of CD4+ T cells and level of MHC II molecules comparing with the group without rCTSL. Collectively, these results suggested that rCTSL could provide effective protection for piglets against mycoplasma pneumonia by enhancing M.hp-specific mucosal immune responses through its role in antigen presentation by processing the invariant chain.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tokuhara D, Kurashima Y, Kamioka M, Nakayama T, Ernst P, Kiyono H. A comprehensive understanding of the gut mucosal immune system in allergic inflammation. Allergol Int 2019; 68:17-25. [PMID: 30366757 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its direct exposure to huge amounts of microorganisms and foreign and dietary antigens, the gut mucosa maintains intestinal homeostasis by utilizing the mucosal immune system. The gut mucosal immune system protects the host from the invasion of infectious pathogens and eliminates harmful non-self antigens, but it allows the cohabitation of commensal bacteria in the gut and the entry of dietary non-self antigens into the body via the mucosal surface. These physiological and immunological activities are regulated by the ingenious gut mucosal immune network, comprising such features as gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mucosal immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, secretory IgA, and commensal bacteria. The gut mucosal immune network keeps a fine tuned balance between active immunity (against pathogens and harmful non-self antigens) and immune tolerance (to commensal microbiota and dietary antigens), thus maintaining intestinal healthy homeostasis. Disruption of gut homeostasis results in persistent or severe gastrointestinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, or allergic inflammation. In this review, we comprehensively introduce current knowledge of the gut mucosal immune system, focusing on its interaction with allergic inflammation.
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Mo L, Zeng Z, Li Y, Li D, Yan CY, Xiao S, Huang YH. Animal study of the anti-diarrhea effect and microbial diversity of dark tea produced by the Yao population of Guangxi. Food Funct 2019; 10:1999-2009. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00110g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chinese dark teas (CDTs) are a special type of tea traditionally consumed by ethnic minorities around the border regions of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mo
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yun Li
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Chang-yu Yan
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Sui Xiao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ya-hui Huang
- College of Horticulture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Suzuki H, Hosomi K, Nasu A, Kondoh M, Kunisawa J. Development of Adjuvant-Free Bivalent Food Poisoning Vaccine by Augmenting the Antigenicity of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2320. [PMID: 30356722 PMCID: PMC6189403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is a common cause of food poisoning and hyperkalemia-associated death. Previously, we reported that fusion of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) to C-terminal fragment of CPE (C-CPE) efficiently bound mucosal epithelium so that PspA-specific immune responses could be provoked. In this study, we found that fusion of C-CPE with PspA augmented the antigenicity of C-CPE itself. These findings allowed us to hypothesize that fusion of C-CPE and another food poisoning vaccine act as a bivalent food poisoning vaccine. Therefore, we constructed an adjuvant-free bivalent vaccine against CPE and cholera toxin (CT), which is a major food poisoning in developing country, by genetically fusing CT B subunit to C-CPE. Because of the low antigenicity of C-CPE, immunization of mice with C-CPE alone did not induce C-CPE-specific immune responses. However, immunization with our vaccine induced both C-CPE- and CT-specific neutralizing antibody. The underlying mechanism of the augmented antigenicity of C-CPE included the activation of T cells by CTB. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies lasted for at least 48 weeks and the quality of the antibody was dependent on the binding activity of CTB–C-CPE to its receptors. These findings suggest that our fusion protein is a potential platform for the development of an adjuvant-free bivalent vaccine against CPE and CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nasu
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carvalho MF, Gill D. Rotavirus vaccine efficacy: current status and areas for improvement. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:1237-1250. [PMID: 30215578 PMCID: PMC6663136 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1520583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference noted in Rotavirus vaccine efficiency between high and low income countries correlates with the lack of universal access to clean water and higher standards of hygiene. Overcoming these obstacles will require great investment and also time, therefore more effective vaccines should be developed to meet the needs of those who would benefit the most from them. Increasing our current knowledge of mucosal immunity, response to Rotavirus infection and its modulation by circadian rhythms could point at actionable pathways to improve vaccination efficacy, especially in the case of individuals affected by environmental enteropathy. Also, a better understanding and validation of Rotavirus entry factors as well as the systematic monitoring of dominant strains could assist in tailoring vaccines to individual's needs. Another aspect that could improve vaccine efficiency is targeting to M cells, for which new ligands could potentially be sought. Finally, alternative mucosal adjuvants and vaccine expression, storage and delivery systems could have a positive impact in the outcome of Rotavirus vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Davinder Gill
- MSD Wellcome Trust Hilleman Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Turula H, Wobus CE. The Role of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor and Secretory Immunoglobulins during Mucosal Infection and Immunity. Viruses 2018; 10:E237. [PMID: 29751532 PMCID: PMC5977230 DOI: 10.3390/v10050237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses millions of microbes, and thus has evolved several host defense mechanisms to keep them at bay, and prevent their entry into the host. One such mucosal surface defense is the secretion of secretory immunoglobulins (SIg). Secretion of SIg depends on the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which transports polymeric Ig (IgA or IgM) from the basolateral surface of the epithelium to the apical side. Upon reaching the luminal side, a portion of pIgR, called secretory component (SC) is cleaved off to release Ig, forming SIg. Through antigen-specific and non-specific binding, SIg can modulate microbial communities and pathogenic microbes via several mechanisms: agglutination and exclusion from the epithelial surface, neutralization, or via host immunity and complement activation. Given the crucial role of SIg as a microbial scavenger, some pathogens also evolved ways to modulate and utilize pIgR and SIg to facilitate infection. This review will cover the regulation of the pIgR/SIg cycle, mechanisms of SIg-mediated mucosal protection as well as pathogen utilization of SIg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Turula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao Q, Elson CO. Adaptive immune education by gut microbiota antigens. Immunology 2018; 154:28-37. [PMID: 29338074 PMCID: PMC5904715 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiota mutualism has been established during long-term co-evolution. A diverse and rich gut microbiota plays an essential role in the development and maturation of the host immune system. Education of the adaptive immune compartment by gut microbiota antigens is important in establishing immune balance. In particular, a critical time frame immediately after birth provides a 'window of opportunity' for the development of lymphoid structures, differentiation and maturation of T and B cells and, most importantly, establishment of immune tolerance to gut commensals. Depending on the colonization niche, antigen type and metabolic property of different gut microbes, CD4 T-cell responses vary greatly, which results in differentiation into distinct subsets. As a consequence, certain bacteria elicit effector-like immune responses by promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ and interleukin-17A, whereas other bacteria favour the generation of regulatory CD4 T cells and provide help with gut homeostasis. The microbiota have profound effects on B cells also. Gut microbial exposure leads to a continuous diversification of B-cell repertoire and the production of T-dependent and -independent antibodies, especially IgA. These combined effects of the gut microbes provide an elegant educational process to the adaptive immune network. Contrariwise, failure of this process results in a reduced homeostasis with the gut microbiota, and an increased susceptibility to various immune disorders, both inside and outside the gut. With more definitive microbial-immune relations waiting to be discovered, modulation of the host gut microbiota has a promising future for disease intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of MedicineThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Charles O. Elson
- Department of MedicineThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tokuhara D. Challenges in developing mucosal vaccines and antibodies against infectious diarrhea in children. Pediatr Int 2018; 60:214-223. [PMID: 29290097 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diarrhea in children can be life-threatening and imposes a large economic burden on healthcare systems, therefore more effective prophylactic and therapeutic drugs are needed urgently. Because most of the pathogens responsible for childhood diarrhea infect the gastrointestinal mucosa, providing protective immunity at the mucosal surface is an ideal way to control pathogen invasion and toxic activity. Mucosal (e.g. oral, nasal) vaccines are superior to systemic (subcutaneous or intramuscular) vaccination for conferring both mucosal and systemic pathogen-specific immune responses. Therefore, great efforts has been focused on the development of cost-effective mucosal vaccines for the past 50 years. Recent progress in plant genetic engineering has revolutionized the production of inexpensive and safe recombinant vaccine antigens. For example, rice plant biotechnology has facilitated the development of a cold-chain-free rice-based oral subunit vaccine against Vibrio cholerae. Furthermore, this technology has led to the creation of a rice-based oral antibody for prophylaxis and treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis. This review summarizes current perspectives regarding the mucosal immune system and the development of mucosal vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, particularly rice-based products, and discusses future prospects regarding mucosal vaccines for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tokuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abenoku, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Boyaka PN. Inducing Mucosal IgA: A Challenge for Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28630108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal IgA or secretory IgA (SIgA) are structurally equipped to resist chemical degradation in the harsh environment of mucosal surfaces and enzymes of host or microbial origin. Production of SIgA is finely regulated, and distinct T-independent and T-dependent mechanisms orchestrate Ig α class switching and SIgA responses against commensal and pathogenic microbes. Most infectious pathogens enter the host via mucosal surfaces. To provide a first line of protection at these entry ports, vaccines are being developed to induce pathogen-specific SIgA in addition to systemic immunity achieved by injected vaccines. Mucosal or epicutaneous delivery of vaccines helps target the inductive sites for SIgA responses. The efficacy of such vaccines relies on the identification and/or engineering of vaccine adjuvants capable of supporting the development of SIgA alongside systemic immunity and delivery systems that improve vaccine delivery to the targeted anatomic sites and immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Seed Metabolome Analysis of a Transgenic Rice Line Expressing Cholera Toxin B-subunit. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5196. [PMID: 28701756 PMCID: PMC5507873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based human vaccines have been actively developed in recent years, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the best candidate crops for their production and delivery. By expressing a modified cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit, we previously developed MucoRice-CTB, a rice-based vaccine against cholera, which is caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. MucoRice-CTB lines have been extensively characterized by whole-genome sequencing and proteome analyses to evaluate the mutation profiles and proteome status, respectively. Here, we report non-targeted metabolomic profiling of the MucoRice-CTB transgenic rice line 51A (MR-CTB51A), MucoRice-RNAi (MR-RNAi), and their non-transgenic parent line by using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The levels of several amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and secondary metabolites were significantly increased in MR-CTB51A compared with the non-transgenic parent line. These metabolomics results complement essential information obtained by genome sequencing and proteomics approaches, thereby contributing to comprehensive understanding of the properties of MucoRice-CTB as a plant-based vaccine.
Collapse
|
36
|
The Distribution of SIgA and IgG Antibody-Secreting Cells in the Small Intestine of Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus) of Different Ages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156635. [PMID: 27249417 PMCID: PMC4889134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are two important cell types in the mucosal immune system. This study aimed to explore the distribution of these ASC populations in the small intestine of Bactrian camels of different ages. Twenty-four Alashan Bactrian camels were divided into the following four age groups: young (1–2 years), pubertal (3–5 years), middle-aged (6–16 years) and old (17–20 years). SIgA and IgG ASCs in the intestinal mucosa lamina propria (LP) were observed and analyzed using immunohistochemcal techniques. The results from all age groups show that both SIgA and IgG ASCs were diffusely distributed in the intestinal LP, and some cells aggregated around the crypts. Moreover, the densities of the two ASC populations gradually increased from the duodenum to the jejunum and then decreased in the ileum. Meanwhile, there were more SIgA ASCs than IgG ASCs in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and these differences were significant in the young and pubertal groups (P<0.05). In addition, the SIgA and IgG ASC densities increased from the young to the pubertal period, peaked at puberty, and then gradually decreased with age. The results demonstrate that the SIgA and IgG ASC distributions help to form two immunoglobulin barriers in the intestinal mucosa to provide full protection, helping to maintain homeostasis. These findings also underscore the importance of researching the development and degeneration of intestinal mucosal immunity in Bactrian camels.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kazemi R, Akhavian A, Amani J, Salimian J, Motamedi MJ, Mousavi A, Jafari M, Salmanian AH. Immunogenic properties of trivalent recombinant protein composed of B-subunits of LT, STX-2, and CT toxins. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:421-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
38
|
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of global childhood mortality and morbidity. Several recent epidemiological studies highlight the rate of diarrheal diseases in different parts of the world and draw attention to the impact on childhood growth and survival. Despite the well-documented global burden of diarrheal diseases, currently there are no combination diarrheal vaccines, only licensed vaccines for rotavirus and cholera, and Salmonella typhi-based vaccines for typhoid fever. The recognition of the impact of diarrheal episodes on infant growth, as seen in resource-poor countries, has spurred action from governmental and non-governmental agencies to accelerate research toward affordable and effective vaccines against diarrheal diseases. Both travelers and children in endemic countries will benefit from a combination diarrheal vaccine, but it can be argued that the greater proportion of any positive impact will be on the public health status of the latter. The history of combination pediatric vaccines indicate that monovalent or single disease vaccines are typically licensed first prior to formulation in a combination vaccine, and that the combinations themselves undergo periodic revision in response to need for improvement in safety or potential for wider coverage of important pediatric pathogens. Nevertheless combination pediatric vaccines have proven to be an effective tool in limiting or eradicating communicable childhood diseases worldwide. The landscape of diarrheal vaccine candidates indicates that there now several in active development that offer options for potential testing of combinations to combat those bacterial and viral pathogens responsible for the heaviest disease burden—rotavirus, ETEC, Shigella, Campylobacter, V. cholera and Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malabi M Venkatesan
- a Bacterial Diseases Branch; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research ; Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kashima K, Yuki Y, Mejima M, Kurokawa S, Suzuki Y, Minakawa S, Takeyama N, Fukuyama Y, Azegami T, Tanimoto T, Kuroda M, Tamura M, Gomi Y, Kiyono H. Good manufacturing practices production of a purification-free oral cholera vaccine expressed in transgenic rice plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:667-79. [PMID: 26661780 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The first Good Manufacturing Practices production of a purification-free rice-based oral cholera vaccine (MucoRice-CTB) from transgenic plants in a closed cultivation system yielded a product meeting regulatory requirements. Despite our knowledge of their advantages, plant-based vaccines remain unavailable for human use in both developing and industrialized countries. A leading, practical obstacle to their widespread use is producing plant-based vaccines that meet governmental regulatory requirements. Here, we report the first production according to current Good Manufacturing Practices of a rice-based vaccine, the cholera vaccine MucoRice-CTB, at an academic institution. To this end, we established specifications and methods for the master seed bank (MSB) of MucoRice-CTB, which was previously generated as a selection-marker-free line, evaluated its propagation, and given that the stored seeds must be renewed periodically. The production of MucoRice-CTB incorporated a closed hydroponic system for cultivating the transgenic plants, to minimize variations in expression and quality during vaccine manufacture. This type of molecular farming factory can be operated year-round, generating three harvests annually, and is cost- and production-effective. Rice was polished to a ratio of 95 % and then powdered to produce the MucoRice-CTB drug substance, and the identity, potency, and safety of the MucoRice-CTB product met pre-established release requirements. The formulation of MucoRice-CTB made by fine-powdering of drug substance and packaged in an aluminum pouch is being evaluated in a physician-initiated phase I study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kashima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Engineering Headquarters, Asahi Kogyosha Co., Ltd., 3-13-12, Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Mio Mejima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Seto Center, Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-Cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 768-0065, Japan
| | - Shiho Kurokawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Seto Center, Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-Cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 768-0065, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Seto Center, Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-Cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 768-0065, Japan
| | - Satomi Minakawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Seto Center, Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-Cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 768-0065, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takeyama
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo, 198-0024, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fukuyama
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Azegami
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanimoto
- Seto Center, Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-Cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 768-0065, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kuroda
- Crop Development Division, NARO Agriculture Research Center, 1-2-1, Inada, Joetsu-shi, Niigata, 943-0193, Japan
| | - Minoru Tamura
- Engineering Headquarters, Asahi Kogyosha Co., Ltd., 3-13-12, Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gomi
- Seto Center, Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 4-1-70, Seto-Cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 768-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aso K, Tsuruhara A, Takagaki K, Oki K, Ota M, Nose Y, Tanemura H, Urushihata N, Sasanuma J, Sano M, Hirano A, Aso R, McGhee JR, Fujihashi K. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restore Impaired Mucosal Immune Responses in Aged Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148185. [PMID: 26840058 PMCID: PMC4740412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) can differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Several clinical trials have shown the ability of AMSCs to regenerate these differentiated cell types. Age-associated dysregulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) immune system has been well documented. Our previous studies showed that impaired mucosal immunity in the GI tract occurs earlier during agingthan is seen in the systemic compartment. In this study, we examined the potential of AMSCs to restore the GI mucosal immune system in aged mice. Aged (>18 mo old) mice were adoptively transferred with AMSCs. Two weeks later, mice were orally immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) plus cholera toxin (CT) three times at weekly intervals. Seven days after the final immunization, when fecal extract samples and plasma were subjected to OVA- and CT-B-specific ELISA, elevated levels of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) and plasma IgG antibody (Ab) responses were noted in aged mouse recipients. Similar results were also seen aged mice which received AMSCs at one year of age. When cytokine production was examined, OVA-stimulated Peyer's patch CD4+ T cells produced increased levels of IL-4. Further, CD4+ T cells from the lamina propria revealed elevated levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ production. In contrast, aged mice without AMSC transfer showed essentially no OVA- or CT-B-specific mucosal SIgA or plasma IgG Ab or cytokine responses. Of importance, fecal extracts from AMSC transferred aged mice showed neutralization activity to CT intoxication. These results suggest that AMSCs can restore impaired mucosal immunity in the GI tract of aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Aso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Akitoshi Tsuruhara
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | | | | | - Megumi Ota
- BioMimetics Sympathies Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jinichi Sasanuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shinyurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Rio Aso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jerry R. McGhee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ruane D, Chorny A, Lee H, Faith J, Pandey G, Shan M, Simchoni N, Rahman A, Garg A, Weinstein EG, Oropallo M, Gaylord M, Ungaro R, Cunningham-Rundles C, Alexandropoulos K, Mucida D, Merad M, Cerutti A, Mehandru S. Microbiota regulate the ability of lung dendritic cells to induce IgA class-switch recombination and generate protective gastrointestinal immune responses. J Exp Med 2015; 213:53-73. [PMID: 26712806 PMCID: PMC4710201 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruane et al. demonstrate a role for the microbiota in modulating protective immunity to intranasal vaccination via the ability of lung dendritic cells to induce B cell IgA class switching. Protective immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses to oral antigens are usually orchestrated by gut dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we show that lung CD103+ and CD24+CD11b+ DCs induced IgA class-switch recombination (CSR) by activating B cells through T cell–dependent or –independent pathways. Compared with lung DCs (LDC), lung CD64+ macrophages had decreased expression of B cell activation genes and induced significantly less IgA production. Microbial stimuli, acting through Toll-like receptors, induced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production by LDCs and exerted a profound influence on LDC-mediated IgA CSR. After intranasal immunization with inactive cholera toxin (CT), LDCs stimulated retinoic acid–dependent up-regulation of α4β7 and CCR9 gut-homing receptors on local IgA-expressing B cells. Migration of these B cells to the gut resulted in IgA-mediated protection against an oral challenge with active CT. However, in germ-free mice, the levels of LDC-induced, CT–specific IgA in the gut are significantly reduced. Herein, we demonstrate an unexpected role of the microbiota in modulating the protective efficacy of intranasal vaccination through their effect on the IgA class-switching function of LDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Ruane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Alejo Chorny
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Haekyung Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jeremiah Faith
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Meimei Shan
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Noa Simchoni
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Aakash Garg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Erica G Weinstein
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Michael Oropallo
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Michelle Gaylord
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ryan Ungaro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | | | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Miriam Merad
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Takeyama N, Kiyono H, Yuki Y. Plant-based vaccines for animals and humans: recent advances in technology and clinical trials. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2015; 3:139-54. [PMID: 26668752 DOI: 10.1177/2051013615613272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been about 30 years since the first plant engineering technology was established. Although the concept of plant-based pharmaceuticals or vaccines motivates us to develop practicable commercial products using plant engineering, there are some difficulties in reaching the final goal: to manufacture an approved product. At present, the only plant-made vaccine approved by the United States Department of Agriculture is a Newcastle disease vaccine for poultry that is produced in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. The progress toward commercialization of plant-based vaccines takes much effort and time, but several candidate vaccines for use in humans and animals are in clinical trials. This review discusses plant engineering technologies and regulations relevant to the development of plant-based vaccines and provides an overview of human and animal vaccines currently under clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Takeyama
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chan HT, Daniell H. Plant-made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases-Are we there yet? PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1056-70. [PMID: 26387509 PMCID: PMC4769796 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the plant-made vaccine field started three decades ago with the promise of developing low-cost vaccines to prevent infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics around the globe, this goal has not yet been achieved. Plants offer several major advantages in vaccine generation, including low-cost production by eliminating expensive fermentation and purification systems, sterile delivery and cold storage/transportation. Most importantly, oral vaccination using plant-made antigens confers both mucosal (IgA) and systemic (IgG) immunity. Studies in the past 5 years have made significant progress in expressing vaccine antigens in edible leaves (especially lettuce), processing leaves or seeds through lyophilization and achieving antigen stability and efficacy after prolonged storage at ambient temperatures. Bioencapsulation of antigens in plant cells protects them from the digestive system; the fusion of antigens to transmucosal carriers enhances efficiency of their delivery to the immune system and facilitates successful development of plant vaccines as oral boosters. However, the lack of oral priming approaches diminishes these advantages because purified antigens, cold storage/transportation and limited shelf life are still major challenges for priming with adjuvants and for antigen delivery by injection. Yet another challenge is the risk of inducing tolerance without priming the host immune system. Therefore, mechanistic aspects of these two opposing processes (antibody production or suppression) are discussed in this review. In addition, we summarize recent progress made in oral delivery of vaccine antigens expressed in plant cells via the chloroplast or nuclear genomes and potential challenges in achieving immunity against infectious diseases using cold-chain-free vaccine delivery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Daniell
- Correspondence (Tel 215 746 2563; fax 215 898 3695; )
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Takaiwa F, Wakasa Y, Takagi H, Hiroi T. Rice seed for delivery of vaccines to gut mucosal immune tissues. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1041-55. [PMID: 26100952 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the biggest lymphoid organ in the body. It plays a role in robust immune responses against invading pathogens while maintaining immune tolerance against nonpathogenic antigens such as foods. Oral vaccination can induce mucosal and systemic antigen-specific immune reactions and has several advantages including ease of administration, no requirement for purification and ease of scale-up of antigen. Thus far, taking advantage of these properties, various plant-based oral vaccines have been developed. Seeds provide a superior production platform over other plant tissues for oral vaccines; they offer a suitable delivery vehicle to GALT due to their high stability at room temperature, ample and stable deposition space, high expression level, and protection from digestive enzymes in gut. A rice seed production system for oral vaccines was established by combining stable deposition in protein bodies or protein storage vacuoles and enhanced endosperm-specific expression. Various types of rice-based oral vaccines for infectious and allergic diseases were generated. Efficacy of these rice-based vaccines was evaluated in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Davitt CJ, Lavelle EC. Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 91:52-69. [PMID: 25817337 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
While the majority of human pathogens infect the body through mucosal sites, most licensed vaccines are injectable. In fact the only mucosal vaccine that has been widely used globally for infant and childhood vaccination programs is the oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert Sabin in the 1950s. While oral vaccines against Cholera, rotavirus and Salmonella typhi have also been licensed, the development of additional non-living oral vaccines against these and other enteric pathogens has been slow and challenging. Mucosal vaccines can elicit protective immunity at the gut mucosa, in part via antigen-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA). However, despite their advantages over the injectable route, oral vaccines face many hurdles. A key challenge lies in design of delivery strategies that can protect antigens from degradation in the stomach and intestine, incorporate appropriate immune-stimulatory adjuvants and control release at the appropriate gastrointestinal site. A number of systems including micro and nanoparticles, lipid-based strategies and enteric capsules have significant potential either alone or in advanced combined formulations to enhance intestinal immune responses. In this review we will outline the opportunities, challenges and potential delivery solutions to facilitate the development of improved oral vaccines for infectious enteric diseases.
Collapse
|
46
|
Takeyama N, Yuki Y, Tokuhara D, Oroku K, Mejima M, Kurokawa S, Kuroda M, Kodama T, Nagai S, Ueda S, Kiyono H. Oral rice-based vaccine induces passive and active immunity against enterotoxigenic E. coli-mediated diarrhea in pigs. Vaccine 2015; 33:5204-11. [PMID: 26254309 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes severe diarrhea in both neonatal and weaned pigs. Because the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) has a high level of amino acid identity to the ETEC heat-labile toxin (LT) B-subunit (LTB), we selected MucoRice-CTB as a vaccine candidate against ETEC-induced pig diarrhea. When pregnant sows were orally immunized with MucoRice-CTB, increased amounts of antigen-specific IgG and IgA were produced in their sera. CTB-specific IgG was secreted in the colostrum and transferred passively to the sera of suckling piglets. IgA antibodies in the colostrum and milk remained high with a booster dose after farrowing. Additionally, when weaned minipigs were orally immunized with MucoRice-CTB, production of CTB-specific intestinal SIgA, as well as systemic IgG and IgA, was induced. To evaluate the cross-protective effect of MucoRice-CTB against ETEC diarrhea, intestinal loop assay with ETEC was conducted. The fluid volume accumulated in the loops of minipigs immunized with MucoRice-CTB was significantly lower than that in control minipigs, indicating that MucoRice-CTB-induced cross-reactive immunity could protect weaned pigs from diarrhea caused by ETEC. MucoRice-CTB could be a candidate oral vaccine for inducing both passive and active immunity to protect both suckling and weaned piglets from ETEC diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Takeyama
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Tokuhara
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuki Oroku
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Japan
| | - Mio Mejima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Kurokawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kuroda
- Rice Physiology Research Team, National Agriculture Research Center, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kodama
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Japan; Nisseiken Co. Ltd., Japan
| | - Susumu Ueda
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Soh HS, Chung HY, Lee HH, Ajjappala H, Jang K, Park JH, Sim JS, Lee GY, Lee HJ, Han YH, Lim JW, Choi I, Chung IS, Hahn BS. Expression and functional validation of heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) and cholera toxin B (CTB) subunits in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa). SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:148. [PMID: 25853032 PMCID: PMC4380882 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We expressed the heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) subunit from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and the cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit from Vibrio cholerae under the control of the rice (Oryza sativa) globulin (Glb) promoter. Binding of recombinant LTB and CTB proteins was confirmed based on GM1-ganglioside binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (GM1-ELISA). Real-time PCR of three generations (T3, T4, and T5) in homozygous lines (LCI-11) showed single copies of LTB, CTB, bar and Tnos. LTB and CTB proteins in rice transgenic lines were detected by Western blot analysis. Immunogenicity trials of rice-derived CTB and LTB antigens were evaluated through oral and intraperitoneal administration in mice, respectively. The results revealed that LTB- and CTB-specific IgG levels were enhanced in the sera of intraperitoneally immunized mice. Similarly, the toxin-neutralizing activity of CTB and LTB in serum of orally immunized mice was associated with elevated levels of both IgG and IgA. The results of the present study suggest that the combined expression of CTB and LTB proteins can be utilized to produce vaccines against enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera, for the prevention of diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Seob Soh
- Division of Environmental Agricultural Research, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong, 445-784 South Korea
| | - Ha Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Nongsaengmyeong-ro 370, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 560-550 South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
| | - Hemavathi Ajjappala
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Nongsaengmyeong-ro 370, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 560-550 South Korea
| | - Kyoungok Jang
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
| | - Joon-Soo Sim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Nongsaengmyeong-ro 370, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 560-550 South Korea
| | - Gee Young Lee
- Division of Environmental Agricultural Research, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong, 445-784 South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Division of Environmental Agricultural Research, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong, 445-784 South Korea
| | - Young Hee Han
- Division of Environmental Agricultural Research, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong, 445-784 South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lim
- Division of Environmental Agricultural Research, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong, 445-784 South Korea
| | - Inchan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Nongsaengmyeong-ro 370, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 560-550 South Korea
| | - In Sik Chung
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 South Korea
| | - Bum-Soo Hahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Nongsaengmyeong-ro 370, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 560-550 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pentavalent outer membrane vesicles of Vibrio cholerae induce adaptive immune response and protective efficacy in both adult and passive suckling mice models. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:215-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
49
|
Kashima K, Mejima M, Kurokawa S, Kuroda M, Kiyono H, Yuki Y. Comparative whole-genome analyses of selection marker-free rice-based cholera toxin B-subunit vaccine lines and wild-type lines. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:48. [PMID: 25653106 PMCID: PMC4320824 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have developed a rice-based oral cholera vaccine named MucoRice-CTB (Cholera Toxin B-subunit) by using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated co-transformation system. To assess the genome-wide effects of this system on the rice genome, we compared the genomes of three selection marker–free MucoRice-CTB lines with those of two wild-type rice lines (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). Mutation profiles of the transgenic and wild-type genomes were examined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results Using paired-end short-read sequencing, a total of more than 300 million reads for each line were obtained and mapped onto the rice reference genome. The number and distribution of variants were similar in all five lines: the numbers of line-specific variants ranged from 524 to 842 and corresponding mutation rates ranged from 1.41 × 10−6 per site to 2.28 × 10−6 per site. The frequency of guanine-to-thymine and cytosine-to-adenine transversions was higher in MucoRice-CTB lines than in WT lines. The transition-to-transversion ratio was 1.12 in MucoRice-CTB lines and 1.65 in WT lines. Analysis of variant-sharing profiles showed that the variants common to all five lines were the most abundant, and the numbers of line-specific variant for all lines were similar. The numbers of non-synonymous amino acid substitutions in MucoRice-CTB lines (15 to 21) were slightly higher than those in WT lines (7 or 8), whereas the numbers of frame shifts were similar in all five lines. Conclusions We conclude that MucoRice-CTB and WT are almost identical at the genomic level and that genome-wide effects caused by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for marker-free MucoRice-CTB lines were slight. The comparative whole-genome analyses between MucoRice-CTB and WT lines using NGS provides a reliable estimate of genome-wide differences. A similar approach may be applicable to other transgenic rice plants generated by using this Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1285-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kashima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Asahi Kogyosha Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mio Mejima
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shiho Kurokawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Kuroda
- Crop Development Division, NARO Agriculture Research Center, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Permyakova NV, Uvarova EA, Deineko EV. State of research in the field of the creation of plant vaccines for veterinary use. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: A COMPREHENSIVE RUSSIAN JOURNAL ON MODERN PHYTOPHYSIOLOGY 2015; 62:23-38. [PMID: 32214753 PMCID: PMC7089518 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443715010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants as an alternative of costly systems of recombinant immunogenic protein expression are the source for the production of cheap and highly efficient biotherapeuticals of new generation, including plant vaccines. In the present review, possibilities of plant system application for the production of recombinant proteins for veterinary use are considered, the history of the "edible vaccine" concept is briefly summarized, advantages and disadvantages of various plant systems for the expression of recombinant immunogenic proteins are discussed. The list of recombinant plant vaccines for veterinary use, which are at different stages of clinical trials, is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Permyakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Rusian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, pr. Lavrent’eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - E. A. Uvarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Rusian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, pr. Lavrent’eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - E. V. Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Rusian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, pr. Lavrent’eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| |
Collapse
|