1
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Wu YL, Chen SC, Chang JC, Lin WY, Chen CC, Li CC, Hsieh M, Chen HW, Chang TY, Liu CS, Liu KL. The protective effect of erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium ethanol extract on oxidative Stress-Induced neurotoxicity in cell and Drosophila models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:1-12. [PMID: 36549427 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Wu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Chih Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chih Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50091, Taiwan; General Research Laboratory of Research Department, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Bio Ltd, Zhong-Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 40203, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40203, Taiwan
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chang
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Vascular and Genomic Center, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 40203, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40203, Taiwan.
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2
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Matlahov I, Boatz JC, C.A. van der Wel P. Selective observation of semi-rigid non-core residues in dynamically complex mutant huntingtin protein fibrils. J Struct Biol X 2022; 6:100077. [PMID: 36419510 PMCID: PMC9677204 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2022.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant huntingtin exon 1 fibrils feature a broad range of molecular dynamics. Molecular motion is coupled to water dynamics outside the fiber core. Dynamics-based spectral editing ssNMR reveals mobile non-core residues. Intermediate-motion selection via dipolar dephasing of rigid sites. Semi-mobile glutamines outside the fiber core observed and identified.
Many amyloid-forming proteins, which are normally intrinsically disordered, undergo a disorder-to-order transition to form fibrils with a rigid β-sheet core flanked by disordered domains. Solid-state NMR (ssNMR) and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) excel at resolving the rigid structures within amyloid cores but studying the dynamically disordered domains remains challenging. This challenge is exemplified by mutant huntingtin exon 1 (HttEx1), which self-assembles into pathogenic neuronal inclusions in Huntington disease (HD). The mutant protein’s expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) segment forms a fibril core that is rigid and sequestered from the solvent. Beyond the core, solvent-exposed surface residues mediate biological interactions and other properties of fibril polymorphs. Here we deploy magic angle spinning ssNMR experiments to probe for semi-rigid residues proximal to the fibril core and examine how solvent dynamics impact the fibrils’ segmental dynamics. Dynamic spectral editing (DYSE) 2D ssNMR based on a combination of cross-polarization (CP) ssNMR with selective dipolar dephasing reveals the weak signals of solvent-mobilized glutamine residues, while suppressing the normally strong background of rigid core signals. This type of ‘intermediate motion selection’ (IMS) experiment based on cross-polarization (CP) ssNMR, is complementary to INEPT- and CP-based measurements that highlight highly flexible or highly rigid protein segments, respectively. Integration of the IMS-DYSE element in standard CP-based ssNMR experiments permits the observation of semi-rigid residues in a variety of contexts, including in membrane proteins and protein complexes. We discuss the relevance of semi-rigid solvent-facing residues outside the fibril core to the latter’s detection with specific dyes and positron emission tomography tracers.
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Raj K, Akundi RS. Mutant Ataxin-3-Containing Aggregates (MATAGGs) in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: Dynamics of the Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3095-3118. [PMID: 33629274 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common type of SCA worldwide caused by abnormal polyglutamine expansion in the coding region of the ataxin-3 gene. Ataxin-3 is a multi-faceted protein involved in various cellular processes such as deubiquitination, cytoskeletal organisation, and transcriptional regulation. The presence of an expanded poly(Q) stretch leads to altered processing and misfolding of the protein culminating in the production of insoluble protein aggregates in the cell. Various post-translational modifications affect ataxin-3 fibrillation and aggregation. This review provides an exhaustive assessment of the various pathogenic mechanisms undertaken by the mutant ataxin-3-containing aggregates (MATAGGs) for disease induction and neurodegeneration. This includes in-depth discussion on MATAGG dynamics including their formation, role in neuronal pathogenesis, and the debate over the toxic v/s protective nature of the MATAGGs in disease progression. Additionally, the currently available therapeutic strategies against SCA3 have been reviewed. The shift in the focus of such strategies, from targeting the steps that lead to or reduce aggregate formation to targeting the expression of mutant ataxin-3 itself via RNA-based therapeutics, has also been presented. We also discuss the intriguing promise that various growth and neurotrophic factors, especially the insulin pathway, hold in the modulation of SCA3 progression. These emerging areas show the newer directions through which SCA3 can be targeted including various preclinical and clinical trials. All these advances made in the last three decades since the discovery of the ataxin-3 gene have been critically reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Raj
- Neuroinflammation Research Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Akundi
- Neuroinflammation Research Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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4
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Capturing the Conformational Ensemble of the Mixed Folded Polyglutamine Protein Ataxin-3. Structure 2020; 29:70-81.e5. [PMID: 33065068 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ataxin-3 is a deubiquitinase involved in protein quality control and other essential cellular functions. It preferentially interacts with polyubiquitin chains of four or more units attached to proteins delivered to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ataxin-3 is composed of an N-terminal Josephin domain and a flexible C terminus that contains two or three ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs) and a polyglutamine tract, which, when expanded beyond a threshold, leads to protein aggregation and misfolding and causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. The high-resolution structure of the Josephin domain is available, but the structural and dynamical heterogeneity of ataxin-3 has so far hindered the structural description of the full-length protein. Here, we characterize non-expanded and expanded variants of ataxin-3 in terms of conformational ensembles adopted by the proteins in solution by jointly using experimental data from nuclear magnetic resonance and small-angle X-ray scattering with coarse-grained simulations. Our results pave the way to a molecular understanding of polyubiquitin recognition.
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5
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Abstract
In vivo, small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are key players in maintaining a healthy proteome. αB-crystallin (αB-c) or HspB5 is one of the most widespread and populous of the ten human sHsps. Intracellularly, αB-c acts via its molecular chaperone action as the first line of defence in preventing target protein unfolding and aggregation under conditions of cellular stress. In this review, we explore how the structure of αB-c confers its function and interactions within its oligomeric self, with other sHsps, and with aggregation-prone target proteins. Firstly, the interaction between the two highly conserved regions of αB-c, the central α-crystallin domain and the C-terminal IXI motif and how this regulates αB-c chaperone activity are explored. Secondly, subunit exchange is rationalised as an integral structural and functional feature of αB-c. Thirdly, it is argued that monomeric αB-c may be its most chaperone-species active, but at the cost of increased hydrophobicity and instability. Fourthly, the reasons why hetero-oligomerisation of αB-c with other sHsps is important in regulating cellular proteostasis are examined. Finally, the interaction of αB-c with aggregation-prone, partially folded target proteins is discussed. Overall, this paper highlights the remarkably diverse capabilities of αB-c as a caretaker of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Hayashi
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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6
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Vendredy L, Adriaenssens E, Timmerman V. Small heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:679-699. [PMID: 32323160 PMCID: PMC7332613 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are ubiquitously expressed chaperones, yet mutations in some of them cause tissue-specific diseases. Here, we will discuss how small heat shock proteins give rise to neurodegenerative disorders themselves while we will also highlight how these proteins can fulfil protective functions in neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein aggregation. The first half of this paper will be focused on how mutations in HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8 are linked to inherited peripheral neuropathies like Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). The second part of the paper will discuss how small heat shock proteins are linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Vendredy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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7
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Webster JM, Darling AL, Uversky VN, Blair LJ. Small Heat Shock Proteins, Big Impact on Protein Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1047. [PMID: 31619995 PMCID: PMC6759932 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding, aggregation, and aberrant accumulation of proteins are central components in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Cellular molecular chaperone systems modulate proteostasis, and, therefore, are primed to influence aberrant protein-induced neurotoxicity and disease progression. Molecular chaperones have a wide range of functions from facilitating proper nascent folding and refolding to degradation or sequestration of misfolded substrates. In disease states, molecular chaperones can display protective or aberrant effects, including the promotion and stabilization of toxic protein aggregates. This seems to be dependent on the aggregating protein and discrete chaperone interaction. Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a class of molecular chaperones that typically associate early with misfolded proteins. These interactions hold proteins in a reversible state that helps facilitate refolding or degradation by other chaperones and co-factors. These sHsp interactions require dynamic oligomerization state changes in response to diverse cellular triggers and, unlike later steps in the chaperone cascade of events, are ATP-independent. Here, we review evidence for modulation of neurodegenerative disease-relevant protein aggregation by sHsps. This includes data supporting direct physical interactions and potential roles of sHsps in the stewardship of pathological protein aggregates in brain. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of sHsp chaperone activity may help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to modulate the aggregation of pathological, amyloidogenic proteins. sHsps-targeting strategies including modulators of expression or post-translational modification of endogenous sHsps, small molecules targeted to sHsp domains, and delivery of engineered molecular chaperones, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Webster
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - April L Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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8
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Owen MC, Gnutt D, Gao M, Wärmländer SKTS, Jarvet J, Gräslund A, Winter R, Ebbinghaus S, Strodel B. Effects of in vivo conditions on amyloid aggregation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3946-3996. [PMID: 31192324 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges of biophysical chemistry is to understand the principles that govern protein misfolding and aggregation, which is a highly complex process that is sensitive to initial conditions, operates on a huge range of length- and timescales, and has products that range from protein dimers to macroscopic amyloid fibrils. Aberrant aggregation is associated with more than 25 diseases, which include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and type II diabetes. Amyloid aggregation has been extensively studied in the test tube, therefore under conditions that are far from physiological relevance. Hence, there is dire need to extend these investigations to in vivo conditions where amyloid formation is affected by a myriad of biochemical interactions. As a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, these interactions need to be understood in detail to develop novel therapeutic interventions, as millions of people globally suffer from neurodegenerative disorders and type II diabetes. The aim of this review is to document the progress in the research on amyloid formation from a physicochemical perspective with a special focus on the physiological factors influencing the aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide, the islet amyloid polypeptide, α-synuclein, and the hungingtin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Owen
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Gnutt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mimi Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 42525 Jülich, Germany. and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Matlahov I, van der Wel PC. Conformational studies of pathogenic expanded polyglutamine protein deposits from Huntington's disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1584-1595. [PMID: 31203656 PMCID: PMC6920524 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219856620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease, like other neurodegenerative diseases, continues to lack an
effective cure. Current treatments that address early symptoms ultimately fail
Huntington’s disease patients and their families, with the disease typically
being fatal within 10–15 years from onset. Huntington’s disease is an inherited
disorder with motor and mental impairment, and is associated with the genetic
expansion of a CAG codon repeat encoding a polyglutamine-segment-containing
protein called huntingtin. These Huntington’s disease mutations cause misfolding
and aggregation of fragments of the mutant huntingtin protein, thereby likely
contributing to disease toxicity through a combination of gain-of-toxic-function
for the misfolded aggregates and a loss of function from sequestration of
huntingtin and other proteins. As with other amyloid diseases, the mutant
protein forms non-native fibrillar structures, which in Huntington’s disease are
found within patients’ neurons. The intracellular deposits are associated with
dysregulation of vital processes, and inter-neuronal transport of aggregates may
contribute to disease progression. However, a molecular understanding of these
aggregates and their detrimental effects has been frustrated by insufficient
structural data on the misfolded protein state. In this review, we examine
recent developments in the structural biology of polyglutamine-expanded
huntingtin fragments, and especially the contributions enabled by advances in
solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We summarize and discuss
our current structural understanding of the huntingtin deposits and how this
information furthers our understanding of the misfolding mechanism and disease
toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Matlahov
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick Ca van der Wel
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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10
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Wu D, Vonk JJ, Salles F, Vonk D, Haslbeck M, Melki R, Bergink S, Kampinga HH. The N terminus of the small heat shock protein HSPB7 drives its polyQ aggregation-suppressing activity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9985-9994. [PMID: 31097540 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein family B (small) member 7 (HSPB7) is a unique, relatively unexplored member within the family of human small heat shock proteins (HSPBs). Unlike most HSPB family members, HSPB7 does not oligomerize and so far has not been shown to associate with any other member of the HSPB family. Intriguingly, it was found to be the most potent member within the HSPB family to prevent aggregation of proteins with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches. How HSPB7 suppresses polyQ aggregation has remained elusive so far. Here, using several experimental strategies, including in vitro aggregation assay, immunoblotting and fluorescence approaches, we show that the polyQ aggregation-inhibiting activity of HSPB7 is fully dependent on its flexible N-terminal domain (NTD). We observed that the NTD of HSPB7 is both required for association with and inhibition of polyQ aggregation. Remarkably, replacing the NTD of HSPB1, which itself cannot suppress polyQ aggregation, with the NTD of HSPB7 resulted in a hybrid protein that gained anti-polyQ aggregation activity. The hybrid NTDHSPB7-HSPB1 protein displayed a reduction in oligomer size and, unlike WT HSPB1, associated with polyQ. However, experiments with phospho-mimicking HSPB1 mutants revealed that de-oligomerization of HSPB1 alone does not suffice to gain polyQ aggregation-inhibiting activity. Together, our results reveal that the NTD of HSPB7 is both necessary and sufficient to bind to and suppress the aggregation of polyQ-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,the College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China, the Department Chemie
| | - Jan J Vonk
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Salles
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danara Vonk
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany, and
| | - Ronald Melki
- the Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Steven Bergink
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands,
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11
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MiR-34 inhibits polycomb repressive complex 2 to modulate chaperone expression and promote healthy brain aging. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4188. [PMID: 30305625 PMCID: PMC6180074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Defining gene expression mechanisms affecting healthy brain aging should lead to insight into genes that modulate susceptibility to disease. To define such mechanisms, we have pursued analysis of miR-34 mutants in Drosophila. The miR-34 mutant brain displays a gene expression profile of accelerated aging, and miR-34 upregulation is a potent suppressor of polyglutamine-induced neurodegeneration. We demonstrate that Pcl and Su(z)12, two components of polycomb repressive complex 2, (PRC2), are targets of miR-34, with implications for age-associated processes. Because PRC2 confers the repressive H3K27me3 mark, we hypothesize that miR-34 modulates PRC2 activity to relieve silencing of genes promoting healthful aging. Gene expression profiling of the brains of hypomorphic mutants in Enhancer of zeste (E(z)), the enzymatic methyltransferase component of PRC2, revealed a younger brain transcriptome profile and identified the small heat shock proteins as key genes reduced in expression with age. miR-34 is known to regulate age-related gene expression in the Drosophila brain, and miR-34 overexpression can attenuate neurodegeneration induced by polyQ-expanded proteins. Here, Kennerdell and colleagues show that miR-34 confers longevity and neuroprotection via an epigenetic regulator Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and molecular chaperone expression.
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12
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Matos CA, de Almeida LP, Nóbrega C. Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: lessons from disease pathogenesis and clues into therapy. J Neurochem 2018; 148:8-28. [PMID: 29959858 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is an incurable disorder, widely regarded as the most common form of spinocerebellar ataxia in the world. MJD/SCA3 arises from mutation of the ATXN3 gene, but this simple monogenic cause contrasts with the complexity of the pathogenic mechanisms that are currently admitted to underlie neuronal dysfunction and death. The aberrantly expanded protein product - ataxin-3 - is known to aggregate and generate toxic species that disrupt several cell systems, including autophagy, proteostasis, transcription, mitochondrial function and signalling. Over the years, research into putative therapeutic approaches has often been devoted to the development of strategies that counteract disease at different stages of cellular pathogenesis. Silencing the pathogenic protein, blocking aggregation, inhibiting toxic proteolytic processing and counteracting dysfunctions of the cellular systems affected have yielded promising ameliorating results in studies with cellular and animal models. The current review analyses the available studies dedicated to the investigation of MJD/SCA3 pathogenesis and the exploration of possible therapeutic strategies, focusing primarily on gene therapy and pharmacological approaches rooted on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Matos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Coimbra, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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13
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Cox D, Whiten DR, Brown JWP, Horrocks MH, San Gil R, Dobson CM, Klenerman D, van Oijen AM, Ecroyd H. The small heat shock protein Hsp27 binds α-synuclein fibrils, preventing elongation and cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4486-4497. [PMID: 29382725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis, or protein homeostasis, encompasses the maintenance of the conformational and functional integrity of the proteome and involves an integrated network of cellular pathways. Molecular chaperones, such as the small heat shock proteins (sHsps), are key elements of the proteostasis network that have crucial roles in inhibiting the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Failure of the proteostasis network can lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins into intracellular and extracellular deposits. Deposits containing fibrillar forms of α-synuclein (α-syn) are characteristic of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Here we show that the sHsp Hsp27 (HSPB1) binds to α-syn fibrils, inhibiting fibril growth by preventing elongation. Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF)-based imaging methods, we show that Hsp27 binds along the surface of α-syn fibrils, decreasing their hydrophobicity. Binding of Hsp27 also inhibits cytotoxicity of α-syn fibrils. Our results demonstrate that the ability of sHsps, such as Hsp27, to bind fibrils represents an important mechanism through which they may mitigate cellular toxicity associated with aberrant protein aggregation. Fibril binding may represent a generic mechanism by which chaperone-active sHsps interact with aggregation-prone proteins, highlighting the potential to target sHsp activity to prevent or disrupt the onset and progression of α-syn aggregation associated with α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezerae Cox
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Daniel R Whiten
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - James W P Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Mathew H Horrocks
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Rebecca San Gil
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, and
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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14
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Polyglutamine-Independent Features in Ataxin-3 Aggregation and Pathogenesis of Machado-Joseph Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1049:275-288. [PMID: 29427109 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71779-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat, translated into a polyglutamine expanded sequence in the protein encoded by the MJD gene, was identified over 20 years ago as the causative mutation in a severe neurodegenerative disorder originally diagnosed in individuals of Portuguese ancestry. This incapacitating disease, called Machado-Joseph disease or spinocebellar ataxia type 3, is integrated into a larger group of neurodegenerative disorders-the polyglutamine expansion disorders-caused by extension of a CAG repeat in the coding sequence of otherwise unrelated genes. These diseases are generally linked with the appearance of intracellular inclusions , which despite having a controversial role in disease appearance and development represent a characteristic common fingerprint in all polyglutamine-related disorders. Although polyglutamine expansion is an obvious trigger for neuronal dysfunction, the role of the different domains of these complex proteins in the function and aggregation properties of the carrier proteins is being uncovered in recent studies. In this review the current knowledge about the structural and functional features of full-length ataxin-3 protein will be discussed. The intrinsic conformational dynamics and interplay between the globular and intrinsically disordered regions of ataxin-3 will be highlighted, and a perspective picture of the role of known ataxin-3 post-translational modifications on regulating ataxin-3 aggregation and function will be drawn.
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15
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Wang Z. Experimental and Clinical Strategies for Treating Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Neuroscience 2017; 371:138-154. [PMID: 29229556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), or Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the ataxin-3 protein. To date, there is no effective therapy available to prevent progression of this disease. However, clinical strategies for alleviating various symptoms are imperative to promote a better quality of life for SCA3/MJD patients. Furthermore, experimental therapeutic strategies, including gene silencing or mutant protein clearance, mutant polyQ protein modification, stabilizing the native protein conformation, rescue of cellular dysfunction and neuromodulation to slow the progression of SCA3/MJD, have been developed. In this study, based on the current knowledge, I detail the clinical and experimental therapeutic strategies for treating SCA3/MJD, paying particular attention to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China.
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16
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Polyglutamine expansion diseases: More than simple repeats. J Struct Biol 2017; 201:139-154. [PMID: 28928079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat-containing proteins are widespread in the human proteome but only nine of them are associated with highly incapacitating neurodegenerative disorders. The genetic expansion of the polyQ tract in disease-related proteins triggers a series of events resulting in neurodegeneration. The polyQ tract plays the leading role in the aggregation mechanism, but other elements modulate the aggregation propensity in the context of the full-length proteins, as implied by variations in the length of the polyQ tract required to trigger the onset of a given polyQ disease. Intrinsic features such as the presence of aggregation-prone regions (APRs) outside the polyQ segments and polyQ-flanking sequences, which synergistically participate in the aggregation process, are emerging for several disease-related proteins. The inherent polymorphic structure of polyQ stretches places the polyQ proteins in a central position in protein-protein interaction networks, where interacting partners may additionally shield APRs or reshape the aggregation course. Expansion of the polyQ tract perturbs the cellular homeostasis and contributes to neuronal failure by modulating protein-protein interactions and enhancing toxic oligomerization. Post-translational modifications further regulate self-assembly either by directly altering the intrinsic aggregation propensity of polyQ proteins, by modulating their interaction with different macromolecules or by modifying their withdrawal by the cell quality control machinery. Here we review the recent data on the multifaceted aggregation pathways of disease-related polyQ proteins, focusing on ataxin-3, the protein mutated in Machado-Joseph disease. Further mechanistic understanding of this network of events is crucial for the development of effective therapies for polyQ diseases.
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17
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San Gil R, Ooi L, Yerbury JJ, Ecroyd H. The heat shock response in neurons and astroglia and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:65. [PMID: 28923065 PMCID: PMC5604514 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein inclusions are a predominant molecular pathology found in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Protein inclusions form in discrete areas of the brain characteristic to the type of neurodegenerative disease, and coincide with the death of neurons in that region (e.g. spinal cord motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This suggests that the process of protein misfolding leading to inclusion formation is neurotoxic, and that cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms that maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis) can, at times, be insufficient to prevent protein inclusion formation in the central nervous system. The heat shock response is a pro-survival pathway induced under conditions of cellular stress that acts to maintain proteostasis through the up-regulation of heat shock proteins, a superfamily of molecular chaperones, other co-chaperones and mitotic regulators. The kinetics and magnitude of the heat shock response varies in a stress- and cell-type dependent manner. It remains to be determined if and/or how the heat shock response is activated in the different cell-types that comprise the central nervous system (e.g. neurons and astroglia) in response to protein misfolding events that precede cellular dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases. This is particularly relevant considering emerging evidence demonstrating the non-cell autonomous nature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease (and other neurodegenerative diseases) and the destructive role of astroglia in disease progression. This review highlights the complexity of heat shock response activation and addresses whether neurons and glia sense and respond to protein misfolding and aggregation associated with neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, by inducing a pro-survival heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca San Gil
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522 Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522 Australia
| | - Justin J. Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522 Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522 Australia
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18
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Carver JA, Grosas AB, Ecroyd H, Quinlan RA. The functional roles of the unstructured N- and C-terminal regions in αB-crystallin and other mammalian small heat-shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:627-638. [PMID: 28391594 PMCID: PMC5465038 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), such as αB-crystallin, are one of the major classes of molecular chaperone proteins. In vivo, under conditions of cellular stress, sHsps are the principal defence proteins that prevent large-scale protein aggregation. Progress in determining the structure of sHsps has been significant recently, particularly in relation to the conserved, central and β-sheet structured α-crystallin domain (ACD). However, an understanding of the structure and functional roles of the N- and C-terminal flanking regions has proved elusive mainly because of their unstructured and dynamic nature. In this paper, we propose functional roles for both flanking regions, based around three properties: (i) they act in a localised crowding manner to regulate interactions with target proteins during chaperone action, (ii) they protect the ACD from deleterious amyloid fibril formation and (iii) the flexibility of these regions, particularly at the extreme C-terminus in mammalian sHsps, provides solubility for sHsps under chaperone and non-chaperone conditions. In the eye lens, these properties are highly relevant as the crystallin proteins, in particular the two sHsps αA- and αB-crystallin, are present at very high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Aidan B Grosas
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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19
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Kuiper EFE, de Mattos EP, Jardim LB, Kampinga HH, Bergink S. Chaperones in Polyglutamine Aggregation: Beyond the Q-Stretch. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:145. [PMID: 28386214 PMCID: PMC5362620 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches in at least nine unrelated proteins lead to inherited neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The expansion size in all diseases correlates with age at onset (AO) of disease and with polyQ protein aggregation, indicating that the expanded polyQ stretch is the main driving force for the disease onset. Interestingly, there is marked interpatient variability in expansion thresholds for a given disease. Between different polyQ diseases the repeat length vs. AO also indicates the existence of modulatory effects on aggregation of the upstream and downstream amino acid sequences flanking the Q expansion. This can be either due to intrinsic modulation of aggregation by the flanking regions, or due to differential interaction with other proteins, such as the components of the cellular protein quality control network. Indeed, several lines of evidence suggest that molecular chaperones have impact on the handling of different polyQ proteins. Here, we review factors differentially influencing polyQ aggregation: the Q-stretch itself, modulatory flanking sequences, interaction partners, cleavage of polyQ-containing proteins, and post-translational modifications, with a special focus on the role of molecular chaperones. By discussing typical examples of how these factors influence aggregation, we provide more insight on the variability of AO between different diseases as well as within the same polyQ disorder, on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F E Kuiper
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eduardo P de Mattos
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura B Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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20
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Cox D, Selig E, Griffin MDW, Carver JA, Ecroyd H. Small Heat-shock Proteins Prevent α-Synuclein Aggregation via Transient Interactions and Their Efficacy Is Affected by the Rate of Aggregation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22618-22629. [PMID: 27587396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into amyloid fibrils is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, collectively referred to as the α-synucleinopathies. In vivo, molecular chaperones, such as the small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), normally act to prevent protein aggregation; however, it remains to be determined how aggregation-prone α-syn evades sHsp chaperone action leading to its disease-associated deposition. This work examines the molecular mechanism by which two canonical sHsps, αB-crystallin (αB-c) and Hsp27, interact with aggregation-prone α-syn to prevent its aggregation in vitro Both sHsps are very effective inhibitors of α-syn aggregation, but no stable complex between the sHsps and α-syn was detected, indicating that the sHsps inhibit α-syn aggregation via transient interactions. Moreover, the ability of these sHsps to prevent α-syn aggregation was dependent on the kinetics of aggregation; the faster the rate of aggregation (shorter the lag phase), the less effective the sHsps were at inhibiting fibril formation of α-syn. Thus, these findings indicate that the rate at which α-syn aggregates in cells may be a significant factor in how it evades sHsp chaperone action in the α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezerae Cox
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522
| | - Emily Selig
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, and
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, and
| | - John A Carver
- the Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- From the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522
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21
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An in silico study of the effect of SOD1 electrostatic loop dynamics on amyloid‑like filament formation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:853-859. [PMID: 27496206 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], or SOD1, is a homo-dimeric protein that functions as an antioxidant by scavenging for superoxides. A wide range of SOD1 variants are linked to inherited, or familial, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Aberrant SOD1 oligomerization has been strongly implicated in disease causation, even for sporadic ALS, or SALS, which accounts for ~90 % of ALS cases. Small heat shock proteins (sHSP) have been shown to protect against amyloid fibril formation in vitro, and the sHSP αB-crystallin suppresses in vitro aggregation of SOD1. We are seeking to elucidate the structural features of both SOD1 amyloid formation and αB-crystallin amyloid suppression. Specifically, we have used a flexible docking protocol to refine our model of a SOD1 non-obligate tetramer, postulated to function as a transient desolvating complex. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) are used to supply the missing structural elements of a previously characterized SOD1 amyloid filament, thereby providing a structural analysis for the observed gain of interaction. This completed filament is then further modified using MD to provide a structural model for protofibril capping of SOD1 filaments by αB-crystallin.
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22
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Inayathullah M, Tan A, Jeyaraj R, Lam J, Cho NJ, Liu CW, Manoukian MAC, Ashkan K, Mahmoudi M, Rajadas J. Self-assembly and sequence length dependence on nanofibrils of polyglutamine peptides. Neuropeptides 2016; 57:71-83. [PMID: 26874369 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is recognized as a currently incurable, inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by the accumulation of misfolded polyglutamine (polyQ) peptide aggregates in neuronal cells. Yet, the mechanism by which newly formed polyQ chains interact and assemble into toxic oligomeric structures remains a critical, unresolved issue. In order to shed further light on the matter, our group elected to investigate the folding of polyQ peptides - examining glutamine repeat lengths ranging from 3 to 44 residues. To characterize these aggregates we employed a diverse array of technologies, including: nuclear magnetic resonance; circular dichroism; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and atomic force microscopy. The data we obtained suggest that an increase in the number of glutamine repeats above 14 residues results in disordered loop structures, with different repeat lengths demonstrating unique folding characteristics. This differential folding manifests in the formation of distinct nano-sized fibrils, and on this basis, we postulate the idea of 14 polyQ repeats representing a critical loop length for neurotoxicity - a property that we hope may prove amenable to future therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, FRET measurements on aged assemblages indicate an increase in the end-to-end distance of the peptide with time, most probably due to the intermixing of individual peptide strands within the nanofibril. Further insight into this apparent time-dependent reorganization of aggregated polyQ peptides may influence future disease modeling of polyQ-related proteinopathies, in addition to directing novel clinical innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Inayathullah
- Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory (BioADD), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Bioorganic and Neurochemistry Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India; Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Tan
- Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory (BioADD), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Rebecca Jeyaraj
- UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - James Lam
- UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Corey W Liu
- Stanford Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Martin A C Manoukian
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory (BioADD), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory (BioADD), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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23
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Oliveira AO, Osmand A, Outeiro TF, Muchowski PJ, Finkbeiner S. αB-Crystallin overexpression in astrocytes modulates the phenotype of the BACHD mouse model of Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1677-89. [PMID: 26920069 PMCID: PMC4986324 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the huntingtin (htt) protein. The polyQ expansion increases the propensity of htt to aggregate and accumulate, and manipulations that mitigate protein misfolding or facilitate the clearance of misfolded proteins are predicted to slow disease progression in HD models. αB-crystallin (αBc) or HspB5 is a well-characterized member of the small heat shock protein (sHsp) family that reduces mutant htt (mhtt) aggregation and toxicity in vitro and in Drosophila models of HD. Here, we determined if overexpressing αBc in vivo modulates aggregation and delays the onset and progression of disease in a full-length model of HD, BACHD mice. Expression of sHsps in neurodegenerative disease predominantly occurs in non-neuronal cells, and in the brain, αBc is mainly found in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Here, we show that directed αBc overexpression in astrocytes improves motor performance in rotarod and balance beam tests and improves cognitive function in the BACHD mice. Improvement in behavioral deficits correlated with mitigation of neuropathological features commonly observed in HD. Interestingly, astrocytic αBc overexpression was neuroprotective against neuronal cell loss in BACHD brains, suggesting αBc might be acting in a non-cell-autonomous manner. At the protein level, αBc decreased the level of soluble mhtt and decreased the size of mhtt inclusions in BACHD brain. Our results support a model in which elevating astrocytic αBc confers neuroprotection through a potential non-cell-autonomous pathway that modulates mhtt aggregation and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Osório Oliveira
- Lisbon Academic Medical Center PhD Program, Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Osmand
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
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24
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Kampinga HH, Bergink S. Heat shock proteins as potential targets for protective strategies in neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:748-759. [PMID: 27106072 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregates are hallmarks of nearly all age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and several polyglutamine diseases such as Huntington's disease and different forms of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA; SCA1-3, SCA6, and SCA7). The collapse of cellular protein homoeostasis can be both a cause and a consequence of this protein aggregation. Boosting components of the cellular protein quality control system has been widely investigated as a strategy to counteract protein aggregates or their toxic consequences. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a central part in regulating protein quality control and contribute to protein aggregation and disaggregation. Therefore, HSPs are viable targets for the development of drugs aimed at reducing pathogenic protein aggregates that are thought to contribute to the development of so many neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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25
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Jacobs WM, Knowles TPJ, Frenkel D. Oligomers of Heat-Shock Proteins: Structures That Don't Imply Function. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004756. [PMID: 26928170 PMCID: PMC4771702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most proteins must remain soluble in the cytosol in order to perform their biological functions. To protect against undesired protein aggregation, living cells maintain a population of molecular chaperones that ensure the solubility of the proteome. Here we report simulations of a lattice model of interacting proteins to understand how low concentrations of passive molecular chaperones, such as small heat-shock proteins, suppress thermodynamic instabilities in protein solutions. Given fixed concentrations of chaperones and client proteins, the solubility of the proteome can be increased by tuning the chaperone-client binding strength. Surprisingly, we find that the binding strength that optimizes solubility while preventing irreversible chaperone binding also promotes the formation of weakly bound chaperone oligomers, although the presence of these oligomers does not significantly affect the thermodynamic stability of the solution. Such oligomers are commonly observed in experiments on small heat-shock proteins, but their connection to the biological function of these chaperones has remained unclear. Our simulations suggest that this clustering may not have any essential biological function, but rather emerges as a natural side-effect of optimizing the thermodynamic stability of the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daan Frenkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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26
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Stroedicke M, Bounab Y, Strempel N, Klockmeier K, Yigit S, Friedrich RP, Chaurasia G, Li S, Hesse F, Riechers SP, Russ J, Nicoletti C, Boeddrich A, Wiglenda T, Haenig C, Schnoegl S, Fournier D, Graham RK, Hayden MR, Sigrist S, Bates GP, Priller J, Andrade-Navarro MA, Futschik ME, Wanker EE. Systematic interaction network filtering identifies CRMP1 as a novel suppressor of huntingtin misfolding and neurotoxicity. Genome Res 2016; 25:701-13. [PMID: 25908449 PMCID: PMC4417118 DOI: 10.1101/gr.182444.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of huntingtin (HTT) fragments with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts are a pathological hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD). The molecular mechanisms by which these structures are formed and cause neuronal dysfunction and toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we utilized available gene expression data sets of selected brain regions of HD patients and controls for systematic interaction network filtering in order to predict disease-relevant, brain region-specific HTT interaction partners. Starting from a large protein-protein interaction (PPI) data set, a step-by-step computational filtering strategy facilitated the generation of a focused PPI network that directly or indirectly connects 13 proteins potentially dysregulated in HD with the disease protein HTT. This network enabled the discovery of the neuron-specific protein CRMP1 that targets aggregation-prone, N-terminal HTT fragments and suppresses their spontaneous self-assembly into proteotoxic structures in various models of HD. Experimental validation indicates that our network filtering procedure provides a simple but powerful strategy to identify disease-relevant proteins that influence misfolding and aggregation of polyQ disease proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yacine Bounab
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Strempel
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sargon Yigit
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf P Friedrich
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gautam Chaurasia
- Institute of Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Hesse
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Russ
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Nicoletti
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Boeddrich
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiglenda
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Haenig
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigrid Schnoegl
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Fournier
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rona K Graham
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Stephan Sigrist
- Institute of Biology/Genetics, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gillian P Bates
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias E Futschik
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Deriu MA, Grasso G, Tuszynski JA, Gallo D, Morbiducci U, Danani A. Josephin Domain Structural Conformations Explored by Metadynamics in Essential Coordinates. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004699. [PMID: 26745628 PMCID: PMC4706304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Josephin Domain (JD), i.e. the N-terminal domain of Ataxin 3 (At3) protein, is an interesting example of competition between physiological function and aggregation risk. In fact, the fibrillogenesis of Ataxin 3, responsible for the spinocerebbellar ataxia 3, is strictly related to the JD thermodynamic stability. Whereas recent NMR studies have demonstrated that different JD conformations exist, the likelihood of JD achievable conformational states in solution is still an open issue. Marked differences in the available NMR models are located in the hairpin region, supporting the idea that JD has a flexible hairpin in dynamic equilibrium between open and closed states. In this work we have carried out an investigation on the JD conformational arrangement by means of both classical molecular dynamics (MD) and Metadynamics employing essential coordinates as collective variables. We provide a representation of the free energy landscape characterizing the transition pathway from a JD open-like structure to a closed-like conformation. Findings of our in silico study strongly point to the closed-like conformation as the most likely for a Josephin Domain in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Deriu
- Istituto Dalle Molle di studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana (SUPSI), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Manno, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Gianvito Grasso
- Istituto Dalle Molle di studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana (SUPSI), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diego Gallo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Danani
- Istituto Dalle Molle di studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana (SUPSI), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Manno, Switzerland
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28
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Multidrug resistance protein 1 reduces the aggregation of mutant huntingtin in neuronal cells derived from the Huntington's disease R6/2 model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16887. [PMID: 26586297 PMCID: PMC4653614 DOI: 10.1038/srep16887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant huntingtin (mHtt) aggregation in the nucleus is the most readily apparent phenotype and cause of neuronal death in Huntington’s disease (HD). Inhibiting mHtt aggregation reduces cell death in the brain and is thus a promising therapeutic approach. The results of the present study demonstrated that mHtt aggregation in the nucleus was altered by the activity of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), which was experimentally modulated by verapamil, siRNA and an expression vector. MDR1 detoxifies drugs and metabolites through its excretory functions in the membrane compartment, thereby protecting cells against death or senescence. When they were treated with verapamil, R6/2 mice showed a progressive decline in rotarod performance and increased mHtt aggregation in the brain. Using neuronal stem cells from R6/2 mice, we developed an in vitro HD model to test mHtt accumulation in the nuclei of neurons. When MDR1 activity in cells was decreased by verapamil or siRNA, mHtt aggregation in the nuclei increased, whereas the induction of MDR1 resulted in a decrease in mHtt aggregation. Thus, our data provide evidence that MDR1 plays an important role in the clearance of mHtt aggregation and may thus be a potential target for improving the survival of neurons in Huntington’s disease.
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29
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Bonanomi M, Visentin C, Natalello A, Spinelli M, Vanoni M, Airoldi C, Regonesi ME, Tortora P. How Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Tetracycline Interact with the Josephin Domain of Ataxin-3 and Alter Its Aggregation Mode. Chemistry 2015; 21:18383-93. [PMID: 26538519 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and tetracycline are two known inhibitors of amyloid aggregation able to counteract the fibrillation of most of the proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases. We have recently investigated their effect on ataxin-3 (AT3), the polyglutamine-containing protein responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. We previously showed that EGCG and tetracycline can contrast the aggregation process and toxicity of expanded AT3, although by different mechanisms. Here, we have performed further experiments by using the sole Josephin domain (JD) to further elucidate the mechanism of action of the two compounds. By protein solubility assays and FTIR spectroscopy we have first observed that EGCG and tetracycline affect the JD aggregation essentially in the same way displayed when acting on the full-length expanded AT3. Then, by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments, we have shown that EGCG binds both the monomeric and the oligomeric JD form, whereas tetracycline can only interact with the oligomeric one. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis has confirmed the capability of the sole EGCG to bind monomeric JD, although with a KD value suggestive for a non-specific interaction. Our investigations provide new details on the JD interaction with EGCG and tetracycline, which could explain the different mechanisms by which the two compounds reduce the toxicity of AT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Bonanomi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy)
| | - Cristina Visentin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy)
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy).,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), UdR Milano-Bicocca, Milano (Italy).,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milano (Italy)
| | - Michela Spinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy).,SysBio Centre for Systems Biology, Milano and Rome (Italy)
| | - Marco Vanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy).,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milano (Italy).,SysBio Centre for Systems Biology, Milano and Rome (Italy)
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy). .,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milano (Italy). .,SysBio Centre for Systems Biology, Milano and Rome (Italy).
| | - Maria E Regonesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy). .,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milano (Italy).
| | - Paolo Tortora
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy).,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milano (Italy)
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30
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Teixeira-Castro A, Jalles A, Esteves S, Kang S, da Silva Santos L, Silva-Fernandes A, Neto MF, Brielmann RM, Bessa C, Duarte-Silva S, Miranda A, Oliveira S, Neves-Carvalho A, Bessa J, Summavielle T, Silverman RB, Oliveira P, Morimoto RI, Maciel P. Serotonergic signalling suppresses ataxin 3 aggregation and neurotoxicity in animal models of Machado-Joseph disease. Brain 2015; 138:3221-37. [PMID: 26373603 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine diseases are a class of dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders for which there is no effective treatment. Here we provide evidence that activation of serotonergic signalling is beneficial in animal models of Machado-Joseph disease. We identified citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in a small molecule screen of FDA-approved drugs that rescued neuronal dysfunction and reduced aggregation using a Caenorhabditis elegans model of mutant ataxin 3-induced neurotoxicity. MOD-5, the C. elegans orthologue of the serotonin transporter and cellular target of citalopram, and the serotonin receptors SER-1 and SER-4 were strong genetic modifiers of ataxin 3 neurotoxicity and necessary for therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, chronic treatment of CMVMJD135 mice with citalopram significantly reduced ataxin 3 neuronal inclusions and astrogliosis, rescued diminished body weight and strikingly ameliorated motor symptoms. These results suggest that small molecule modulation of serotonergic signalling represents a promising therapeutic target for Machado-Joseph disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Teixeira-Castro
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal 3 Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 4 Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ana Jalles
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sofia Esteves
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Soosung Kang
- 3 Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 5 Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 6 Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Liliana da Silva Santos
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Anabela Silva-Fernandes
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mário F Neto
- 3 Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 4 Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Renée M Brielmann
- 3 Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 4 Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Carlos Bessa
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Duarte-Silva
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adriana Miranda
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Stéphanie Oliveira
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Neves-Carvalho
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Bessa
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- 7 IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Richard B Silverman
- 3 Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 5 Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 6 Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- 8 ICBAS-Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- 3 Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA 4 Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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31
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Santarriaga S, Petersen A, Ndukwe K, Brandt A, Gerges N, Bruns Scaglione J, Scaglione KM. The Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum Is Highly Resistant to Polyglutamine Aggregation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25571-8. [PMID: 26330554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.676247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression, misfolding, and aggregation of long repetitive amino acid tracts are a major contributing factor in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including C9ORF72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia, fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome, myotonic dystrophy type 1, spinocerebellar ataxia type 8, and the nine polyglutamine diseases. Protein aggregation is a hallmark of each of these diseases. In model organisms, including yeast, worms, flies, mice, rats, and human cells, expression of proteins with the long repetitive amino acid tracts associated with these diseases recapitulates the protein aggregation that occurs in human disease. Here we show that the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum has evolved to normally encode long polyglutamine tracts and express these proteins in a soluble form. We also show that Dictyostelium has the capacity to suppress aggregation of a polyglutamine-expanded Huntingtin construct that aggregates in other model organisms tested. Together, these data identify Dictyostelium as a novel model organism with the capacity to suppress aggregation of proteins with long polyglutamine tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Santarriaga
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Neuroscience Research Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Amber Petersen
- the Neuroscience Research Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy and
| | - Kelechi Ndukwe
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Neuroscience Research Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Anthony Brandt
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Neuroscience Research Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Nashaat Gerges
- the Neuroscience Research Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy and
| | - Jamie Bruns Scaglione
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Neuroscience Research Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and the Department of Computational and Physical Sciences, Carroll University, Waukesha, Wisconsin 53186
| | - Kenneth Matthew Scaglione
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Neuroscience Research Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
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32
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Li X, Liu H, Fischhaber PL, Tang TS. Toward therapeutic targets for SCA3: Insight into the role of Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 in misfolded proteins clearance. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:34-58. [PMID: 26123252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, SCA3), an autosomal dominant neurological disorder, is caused by an abnormal expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in the ataxin-3 protein. The length of the expanded polyQ stretch correlates positively with the severity of the disease and inversely with the age at onset. To date, we cannot fully explain the mechanism underlying neurobiological abnormalities of this disease. Yet, accumulating reports have demonstrated the functions of ataxin-3 protein in the chaperone system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and aggregation-autophagy, all of which suggest a role of ataxin-3 in the clearance of misfolded proteins. Notably, the SCA3 pathogenic form of ataxin-3 (ataxin-3(exp)) impairs the misfolded protein clearance via mechanisms that are either dependent or independent of its deubiquitinase (DUB) activity, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons in SCA3. Some drugs, which have been used as activators/inducers in the chaperone system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and aggregation-autophagy, have been demonstrated to be efficacious in the relief of neurodegeneration diseases like Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD) as well as SCA3 in animal models and clinical trials, putting misfolded protein clearance on the list of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we undertake a comprehensive review of the progress in understanding the physiological functions of ataxin-3 in misfolded protein clearance and how the polyQ expansion impairs misfolded protein clearance. We then detail the preclinical studies targeting the elimination of misfolded proteins for SCA3 treatment. We close with future considerations for translating these pre-clinical results into therapies for SCA3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Paula L Fischhaber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA.
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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33
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Jimenez-Sanchez M, Lam W, Hannus M, Sönnichsen B, Imarisio S, Fleming A, Tarditi A, Menzies F, Dami TE, Xu C, Gonzalez-Couto E, Lazzeroni G, Heitz F, Diamanti D, Massai L, Satagopam VP, Marconi G, Caramelli C, Nencini A, Andreini M, Sardone GL, Caradonna NP, Porcari V, Scali C, Schneider R, Pollio G, O’Kane CJ, Caricasole A, Rubinsztein DC. siRNA screen identifies QPCT as a druggable target for Huntington's disease. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:347-354. [PMID: 25848931 PMCID: PMC4696152 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative condition caused by an abnormally expanded polyglutamine tract in huntingtin (HTT). We identified new modifiers of mutant HTT toxicity by performing a large-scale 'druggable genome' siRNA screen in human cultured cells, followed by hit validation in Drosophila. We focused on glutaminyl cyclase (QPCT), which had one of the strongest effects on mutant HTT-induced toxicity and aggregation in the cell-based siRNA screen and also rescued these phenotypes in Drosophila. We found that QPCT inhibition induced the levels of the molecular chaperone αB-crystallin and reduced the aggregation of diverse proteins. We generated new QPCT inhibitors using in silico methods followed by in vitro screening, which rescued the HD-related phenotypes in cell, Drosophila and zebrafish HD models. Our data reveal a new HD druggable target affecting mutant HTT aggregation and provide proof of principle for a discovery pipeline from druggable genome screen to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Wun Lam
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Michael Hannus
- Cenix BioScience GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sara Imarisio
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EG
| | - Alessia Tarditi
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fiona Menzies
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Teresa Ed Dami
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EG
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Catherine Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EG
| | | | - Giulia Lazzeroni
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Freddy Heitz
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Diamanti
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Massai
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Venkata P. Satagopam
- Structural and Computational Biology, EMBL, Meyerhofstr.1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, House of Biomedicine, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Guido Marconi
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Caramelli
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Arianna Nencini
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Andreini
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Sardone
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Porcari
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Scali
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Structural and Computational Biology, EMBL, Meyerhofstr.1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, House of Biomedicine, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Pollio
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cahir J. O’Kane
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Andrea Caricasole
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - David C. Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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34
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Treweek TM, Meehan S, Ecroyd H, Carver JA. Small heat-shock proteins: important players in regulating cellular proteostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:429-451. [PMID: 25352169 PMCID: PMC11113218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of intra-cellular molecular chaperone proteins that play a critical role in mitigating and preventing protein aggregation under stress conditions such as elevated temperature, oxidation and infection. In doing so, they assist in the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) thereby avoiding the deleterious effects that result from loss of protein function and/or protein aggregation. The chaperone properties of sHsps are therefore employed extensively in many tissues to prevent the development of diseases associated with protein aggregation. Significant progress has been made of late in understanding the structure and chaperone mechanism of sHsps. In this review, we discuss some of these advances, with a focus on mammalian sHsp hetero-oligomerisation, the mechanism by which sHsps act as molecular chaperones to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation, and the role of post-translational modifications in sHsp chaperone function, particularly in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Treweek
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sarah Meehan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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35
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Walter GM, Raveh A, Mok SA, McQuade TJ, Arevang CJ, Schultz PJ, Smith MC, Asare S, Cruz PG, Wisen S, Matainaho T, Sherman DH, Gestwicki JE. High-throughput screen of natural product extracts in a yeast model of polyglutamine proteotoxicity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 83:440-9. [PMID: 24636344 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) segments cause a number of fatal neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD). Previous high-throughput screens in cellular and biochemical models of HD have revealed compounds that mitigate polyQ aggregation and proteotoxicity, providing insight into the mechanisms of disease and leads for potential therapeutics. However, the structural diversity of natural products has not yet been fully mobilized toward these goals. Here, we have screened a collection of ~11 000 natural product extracts for the ability to recover the slow growth of ΔProQ103-expressing yeast cells in 384-well plates (Z' ~ 0.7, CV ~ 8%). This screen identified actinomycin D as a strong inhibitor of polyQ aggregation and proteotoxicity at nanomolar concentrations (~50-500 ng/mL). We found that a low dose of actinomycin D increased the levels of the heat-shock proteins Hsp104, Hsp70 and Hsp26 and enhanced binding of Hsp70 to the polyQ in yeast. Actinomycin also suppressed aggregation of polyQ in mammalian cells, suggesting a conserved mechanism. These results establish natural products as a rich source of compounds with interesting mechanisms of action against polyQ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladis M Walter
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2216, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2216, USA
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36
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Arrigo AP, Ducarouge B, Lavial F, Gibert B. Immense Cellular Implications Associated to Small Stress Proteins Expression: Impacts on Human Pathologies. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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37
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Bakthisaran R, Tangirala R, Rao CM. Small heat shock proteins: Role in cellular functions and pathology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:291-319. [PMID: 25556000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are conserved across species and are important in stress tolerance. Many sHsps exhibit chaperone-like activity in preventing aggregation of target proteins, keeping them in a folding-competent state and refolding them by themselves or in concert with other ATP-dependent chaperones. Mutations in human sHsps result in myopathies, neuropathies and cataract. Their expression is modulated in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cancer. Their ability to bind Cu2+, and suppress generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may have implications in Cu2+-homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Circulating αB-crystallin and Hsp27 in the plasma may exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. αB-crystallin and Hsp20 exhitbit anti-platelet aggregation: these beneficial effects indicate their use as potential therapeutic agents. sHsps have roles in differentiation, proteasomal degradation, autophagy and development. sHsps exhibit a robust anti-apoptotic property, involving several stages of mitochondrial-mediated, extrinsic apoptotic as well as pro-survival pathways. Dynamic N- and C-termini and oligomeric assemblies of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 are important factors for their functions. We propose a "dynamic partitioning hypothesis" for the promiscuous interactions and pleotropic functions exhibited by sHsps. Stress tolerance and anti-apoptotic properties of sHsps have both beneficial and deleterious consequences in human health and diseases. Conditional and targeted modulation of their expression and/or activity could be used as strategies in treating several human disorders. The review attempts to provide a critical overview of sHsps and their divergent roles in cellular processes particularly in the context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Bakthisaran
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Tangirala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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38
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Monsellier E, Redeker V, Ruiz-Arlandis G, Bousset L, Melki R. Molecular interaction between the chaperone Hsc70 and the N-terminal flank of huntingtin exon 1 modulates aggregation. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2560-76. [PMID: 25505179 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of polyglutamine (polyQ)-containing proteins is at the origin of nine neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular chaperones prevent the aggregation of polyQ-containing proteins. The exact mechanism by which they interact with polyQ-containing, aggregation-prone proteins and interfere with their assembly is unknown. Here we dissect the mechanism of interaction between a huntingtin exon 1 fragment of increasing polyQ lengths (HttEx1Qn), the aggregation of which is tightly associated with Huntington's disease, and molecular chaperone Hsc70. We show that Hsc70, together with its Hsp40 co-chaperones, inhibits HttEx1Qn aggregation and modifies the structural, seeding, and infectious properties of the resulting fibrils in a polyQ-independent manner. We demonstrate that Hsc70 binds the 17-residue-long N-terminal flank of HttEx1Qn, and we map Hsc70-HttEx1Qn surface interfaces at the residue level. Finally, we show that this interaction competes with homotypic interactions between the N termini of different HttEx1Qn molecules that trigger the aggregation process. Our results lay the foundations of future therapeutic strategies targeting huntingtin aggregation in Huntington disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Monsellier
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Arlandis
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- From the Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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39
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Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitous ATP-independent molecular chaperones that play crucial roles in protein quality control in cells. They are able to prevent the aggregation and/or inactivation of various non-native substrate proteins and assist the refolding of these substrates independently or under the help of other ATP-dependent chaperones. Substrate recognition and binding by sHSPs are essential for their chaperone functions. This review focuses on what natural substrate proteins an sHSP protects and how it binds the substrates in cells under fluctuating conditions. It appears that sHSPs of prokaryotes, although being able to bind a wide range of cellular proteins, preferentially protect certain classes of functional proteins, such as translation-related proteins and metabolic enzymes, which may well explain why they could increase the resistance of host cells against various stresses. Mechanistically, the sHSPs of prokaryotes appear to possess numerous multi-type substrate-binding residues and are able to hierarchically activate these residues in a temperature-dependent manner, and thus act as temperature-regulated chaperones. The mechanism of hierarchical activation of substrate-binding residues is also discussed regarding its implication for eukaryotic sHSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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40
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Dubińska-Magiera M, Jabłońska J, Saczko J, Kulbacka J, Jagla T, Daczewska M. Contribution of small heat shock proteins to muscle development and function. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:517-30. [PMID: 24440355 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigations undertaken over the past years have led scientists to introduce the concept of protein quality control (PQC) systems, which are responsible for polypeptide processing. The PQC system monitors proteostasis and involves activity of different chaperones such as small heat shock proteins (sHSPs). These proteins act during normal conditions as housekeeping proteins regulating cellular processes, and during stress conditions. They also mediate the removal of toxic misfolded polypeptides and thereby prevent development of pathogenic states. It is postulated that sHSPs are involved in muscle development. They could act via modulation of myogenesis or by maintenance of the structural integrity of signaling complexes. Moreover, mutations in genes coding for sHSPs lead to pathological states affecting muscular tissue functioning. This review focuses on the question how sHSPs, still relatively poorly understood proteins, contribute to the development and function of three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac and smooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dubińska-Magiera
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Jabłońska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Jagla
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U384, Faculté de Medecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Małgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland.
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41
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Polling S, Mok YF, Ramdzan YM, Turner BJ, Yerbury JJ, Hill AF, Hatters DM. Misfolded polyglutamine, polyalanine, and superoxide dismutase 1 aggregate via distinct pathways in the cell. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6669-6680. [PMID: 24425868 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.520189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation into intracellular inclusions is a key feature of many neurodegenerative disorders. A common theme has emerged that inappropriate self-aggregation of misfolded or mutant polypeptide sequences is detrimental to cell health. Yet protein quality control mechanisms may also deliberately cluster them together into distinct inclusion subtypes, including the insoluble protein deposit (IPOD) and the juxtanuclear quality control (JUNQ). Here we investigated how the intrinsic oligomeric state of three model systems of disease-relevant mutant protein and peptide sequences relates to the IPOD and JUNQ patterns of aggregation using sedimentation velocity analysis. Two of the models (polyalanine (37A) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutants A4V and G85R) accumulated into the same JUNQ-like inclusion whereas the other, polyglutamine (72Q), formed spatially distinct IPOD-like inclusions. Using flow cytometry pulse shape analysis (PulSA) to separate cells with inclusions from those without revealed the SOD1 mutants and 37A to have abruptly altered oligomeric states with respect to the nonaggregating forms, regardless of whether cells had inclusions or not, whereas 72Q was almost exclusively monomeric until inclusions formed. We propose that mutations leading to JUNQ inclusions induce a constitutively "misfolded" state exposing hydrophobic side chains that attract and ultimately overextend protein quality capacity, which leads to aggregation into JUNQ inclusions. Poly(Q) is not misfolded in this same sense due to universal polar side chains, but is highly prone to forming amyloid fibrils that we propose invoke a different engagement mechanism with quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Polling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yee-Foong Mok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yasmin M Ramdzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Illawarra Health and Medical Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Danny M Hatters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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42
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Healy EF, Little C, King PJ. A Model for Small Heat Shock Protein Inhibition of Polyglutamine Aggregation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 69:275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Saunders HM, Hughes VA, Cappai R, Bottomley SP. Conformational behavior and aggregation of ataxin-3 in SDS. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69416. [PMID: 23894474 PMCID: PMC3718759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is one of nine polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases all characterized by the presence of intraneuronal inclusions that contain aggregated protein. Aggregation of ataxin-3, the causative protein of SCA3, has been well characterized in vitro, with both pathogenic and non-pathogenic length ataxin-3 undergoing fibrillogenesis. However, only ataxin-3 containing an expanded polyQ tract leads to SCA3. Therefore other cellular factors, not present in previous in vitro studies, may modulate aggregation during disease. The interactions between fibrillar species and cell membranes have been characterized in a number of amyloid diseases, including Huntington’s Disease, and these interactions affect aggregation and toxicity. We have characterized the effects of the membrane mimetic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on ataxin-3 structure and aggregation, to show that both micellar and non-micellar SDS have differing effects on the two stages of ataxin-3 aggregation. We also demonstrate that fibrillar ataxin-3 binds phospholipids, in particular phosphorylated phosphotidylinositols. These results highlight the effect of intracellular factors on the ataxin-3 misfolding landscape and their implications in SCA3 and polyQ diseases in general are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Saunders
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria A. Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Bottomley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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44
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Almeida B, Fernandes S, Abreu IA, Macedo-Ribeiro S. Trinucleotide repeats: a structural perspective. Front Neurol 2013; 4:76. [PMID: 23801983 PMCID: PMC3687200 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions are present in a wide range of genes involved in several neurological disorders, being directly involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis through modulation of gene expression and/or the function of the RNA or protein it encodes. Structural and functional information on the role of TNR sequences in RNA and protein is crucial to understand the effect of TNR expansions in neurodegeneration. Therefore, this review intends to provide to the reader a structural and functional view of TNR and encoded homopeptide expansions, with a particular emphasis on polyQ expansions and its role at inducing the self-assembly, aggregation and functional alterations of the carrier protein, which culminates in neuronal toxicity and cell death. Detail will be given to the Machado-Joseph Disease-causative and polyQ-containing protein, ataxin-3, providing clues for the impact of polyQ expansion and its flanking regions in the modulation of ataxin-3 molecular interactions, function, and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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45
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Esposito G, Garvey M, Alverdi V, Pettirossi F, Corazza A, Fogolari F, Polano M, Mangione PP, Giorgetti S, Stoppini M, Rekas A, Bellotti V, Heck AJR, Carver JA. Monitoring the interaction between β2-microglobulin and the molecular chaperone αB-crystallin by NMR and mass spectrometry: αB-crystallin dissociates β2-microglobulin oligomers. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17844-58. [PMID: 23645685 PMCID: PMC3682583 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction at neutral pH between wild-type and a variant form (R3A) of the amyloid fibril-forming protein β2-microglobulin (β2m) and the molecular chaperone αB-crystallin was investigated by thioflavin T fluorescence, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Fibril formation of R3Aβ2m was potently prevented by αB-crystallin. αB-crystallin also prevented the unfolding and nonfibrillar aggregation of R3Aβ2m. From analysis of the NMR spectra collected at various R3Aβ2m to αB-crystallin molar subunit ratios, it is concluded that the structured β-sheet core and the apical loops of R3Aβ2m interact in a nonspecific manner with the αB-crystallin. Complementary information was derived from NMR diffusion coefficient measurements of wild-type β2m at a 100-fold concentration excess with respect to αB-crystallin. Mass spectrometry acquired in the native state showed that the onset of wild-type β2m oligomerization was effectively reduced by αB-crystallin. Furthermore, and most importantly, αB-crystallin reversibly dissociated β2m oligomers formed spontaneously in aged samples. These results, coupled with our previous studies, highlight the potent effectiveness of αB-crystallin in preventing β2m aggregation at the various stages of its aggregation pathway. Our findings are highly relevant to the emerging view that molecular chaperone action is intimately involved in the prevention of in vivo amyloid fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Esposito
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Megan Garvey
- the School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Vera Alverdi
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Pettirossi
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Fogolari
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maurizio Polano
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - P. Patrizia Mangione
- the Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- the Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- the Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Stoppini
- the Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Agata Rekas
- the National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2522, Australia, and
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- the Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Istituto di Biochimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- the Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- the Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Carver
- the School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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46
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Arrigo AP, Gibert B. Protein interactomes of three stress inducible small heat shock proteins: HspB1, HspB5 and HspB8. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:409-22. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.792956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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47
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Arrigo AP. Human small heat shock proteins: Protein interactomes of homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes: An update. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1959-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Tomar R, Garg DK, Mishra R, Thakur AK, Kundu B. N-terminal domain ofPyrococcus furiosusl-asparaginase functions as a non-specific, stable, molecular chaperone. FEBS J 2013; 280:2688-99. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Tomar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi; India
| | - Dushyant K. Garg
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi; India
| | - Rahul Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; India
| | - Ashwani K. Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; India
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi; India
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49
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Carra S, Rusmini P, Crippa V, Giorgetti E, Boncoraglio A, Cristofani R, Naujock M, Meister M, Minoia M, Kampinga HH, Poletti A. Different anti-aggregation and pro-degradative functions of the members of the mammalian sHSP family in neurological disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20110409. [PMID: 23530259 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of the mammalian small heat-shock proteins consists of 10 members (sHSPs/HSPBs: HSPB1-HSPB10) that all share a highly conserved C-terminal alpha-crystallin domain, important for the modulation of both their structural and functional properties. HSPB proteins are biochemically classified as molecular chaperones and participate in protein quality control, preventing the aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins and/or assisting in their degradation. Thus, several members of the HSPB family have been suggested to be protective in a number of neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases that are characterized by protein misfolding. However, the pro-refolding, anti-aggregation or pro-degradative properties of the various members of the HSPB family differ largely, thereby influencing their efficacy and protective functions. Such diversity depends on several factors, including biochemical and physical properties of the unfolded/misfolded client, the expression levels and the subcellular localization of both the chaperone and the client proteins. Furthermore, although some HSPB members are inefficient at inhibiting protein aggregation, they can still exert neuroprotective effects by other, as yet unidentified, manners; e.g. by maintaining the proper cellular redox state or/and by preventing the activation of the apoptotic cascade. Here, we will focus our attention on how the differences in the activities of the HSPB proteins can influence neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders characterized by accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins. Understanding their mechanism of action may allow us to target a specific member in a specific cell type/disease for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, , via G. Campi 287, Modena 41125, Italy
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Apicella A, Soncini M, Deriu MA, Natalello A, Bonanomi M, Dellasega D, Tortora P, Regonesi ME, Casari CS. A hydrophobic gold surface triggers misfolding and aggregation of the amyloidogenic Josephin domain in monomeric form, while leaving the oligomers unaffected. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58794. [PMID: 23527026 PMCID: PMC3602447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation in intracellular and extracellular spaces is regarded as a main marker of the presence of degenerative disorders such as amyloidoses. To elucidate the mechanisms of protein misfolding, the interaction of proteins with inorganic surfaces is of particular relevance, since surfaces displaying different wettability properties may represent model systems of the cell membrane. Here, we unveil the role of surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity in the misfolding of the Josephin domain (JD), a globular-shaped domain of ataxin-3, the protein responsible for the spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. By means of a combined experimental and theoretical approach based on atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal changes in JD morphology and secondary structure elicited by the interaction with the hydrophobic gold substrate, but not by the hydrophilic mica. Our results demonstrate that the interaction with the gold surface triggers misfolding of the JD when it is in native-like configuration, while no structural modification is observed after the protein has undergone oligomerization. This raises the possibility that biological membranes would be unable to affect amyloid oligomeric structures and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Apicella
- Energy Department and NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Département Science et Génie des Matériaux Laboratoire de technologie des composites et polymères (LTC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monica Soncini
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (MS); (MER)
| | - Marco Agostino Deriu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonanomi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - David Dellasega
- Energy Department and NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortora
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Regonesi
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods (DiSMeQ), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (MS); (MER)
| | - Carlo Spartaco Casari
- Energy Department and NEMAS – Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Italian Institute of Technology, Milan, Italy
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