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Lacombe A, Scorrano L. The interplay between mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy: From a key homeostatic mechanism to a driver of pathology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 161-162:1-19. [PMID: 38430721 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The complex relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy illustrates how two cellular housekeeping processes are intimately linked, illuminating fundamental principles of cellular homeostasis and shedding light on disparate pathological conditions including several neurodegenerative disorders. Here we review the basic tenets of mitochondrial dynamics i.e., the concerted balance between fusion and fission of the organelle, and its interplay with macroautophagy and selective mitochondrial autophagy, also dubbed mitophagy, in the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control and ultimately in cell viability. We illustrate how conditions of altered mitochondrial dynamics reverberate on autophagy and vice versa. Finally, we illustrate how altered interplay between these two key cellular processes participates in the pathogenesis of human disorders affecting multiple organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lacombe
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Su Q, Wang JJ, Ren JY, Wu Q, Chen K, Tu KH, Zhang Y, Leong SW, Sarwar A, Han X, Zhang M, Dai WF, Zhang YM. Parkin deficiency promotes liver cancer metastasis by TMEFF1 transcription activation via TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1520-1529. [PMID: 38519646 PMCID: PMC11192956 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkin (PARK2) deficiency is frequently observed in various cancers and potentially promotes tumor progression. Here, we showed that Parkin expression is downregulated in liver cancer tissues, which correlates with poor patient survival. Parkin deficiency in liver cancer cells promotes migration and metastasis as well as changes in EMT and metastasis markers. A negative correlation exists between TMEFF1 and Parkin expression in liver cancer cells and tumor tissues. Parkin deficiency leads to upregulation of TMEFF1 which promotes migration and metastasis. TMEFF1 transcription is activated by Parkin-induced endogenous TGF-β production and subsequent phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and its binding to TMEFF1 promotor. TGF-β inhibitor and TMEFF1 knockdown can reverse shParkin-induced cell migration and changes of EMT markers. Parkin interacts with and promotes the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of HIF-1α/HIF-1β and p53, which accounts for the suppression of TGF-β production. Our data have revealed that Parkin deficiency in cancer leads to the activation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway, resulting in the expression of TMEFF1 which promotes cell migration, EMT, and metastasis in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jia-Yan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Hui Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sze Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ammar Sarwar
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei-Feng Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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3
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Wu Q, Wang Z, Chen S, She X, Zhu S, Li P, Liu L, Zhao C, Li K, Liu A, Huang C, Chen Y, Hu F, Wang G, Hu J. USP26 promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by restraining PRKN-mediated mitophagy. Oncogene 2024; 43:1581-1593. [PMID: 38565942 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are promising targets for cancer therapy because of their pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Among these, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 26 (USP26) is a protease with crucial regulatory functions. Our study sheds light on the upregulation of USP26 in colorectal cancer (CRC), in which its increased expression correlates with an unfavorable prognosis. Herein, we evidenced the role of USP26 in promoting CRC tumorigenesis in a parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PRKN) protein-dependent manner. Our investigation revealed that USP26 directly interacted with PRKN protein, facilitating its deubiquitination, and subsequently reducing its activity. Additionally, we identified the K129 site on PRKN as a specific target for USP26-mediated deubiquitination. Our research highlights that a K-to-R mutation at the site on PRKN diminishes its potential for activation and ability to mediate mitophagy. In summary, our findings underscore the significance of USP26-mediated deubiquitination in restraining the activation of the PRKN-mediated mitophagy pathway, ultimately driving CRC tumorigenesis. This study not only elucidated the multifaceted role of USP26 in CRC but also introduced a promising avenue for therapeutic exploration through the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting USP26. This strategy holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaowei She
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shengyu Zhu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lang Liu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chongchong Zhao
- The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kangdi Li
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Anyi Liu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fuqing Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Junbo Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhou Y, Wei X, Jia L, Li W, Zhang S, Zhao Y. Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of TOMM40 to Identify Its Function in Breast Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10794-6. [PMID: 38649557 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is currently the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that mitophagy is important for the prevention and treatment of BRCA. However, few studies have focused on the individual mitochondrial autophagy-related genes (MARG) in human cancers. Based on bioinformatics analyses, TOMM40 was identified as a prognostic DEMARG (PDEMARGs); Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis also indicates that TOMM40 can be useful as a prognostic indicator in BRCAs, with patients in the high expression group having a poorer prognosis. For 20 distinct cancer kinds, there were appreciable differences in the expression of TOMM40 between tumor and normal tissues; in addition, in 21 different cancer types, there were associations between the expression profile of TOMM40 and patient prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), functional enrichment analysis, and immunological and drug sensitivity analyses of TOMM40 have indicated its biological significance in pan-cancers. Knockdown of TOMM40 in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited their proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. In conclusion, we found that TOMM40 has prognostic value in 21 cancers, including breast cancer, by bioinformatics analysis. Based on immune correlation analysis, TOMM40 may also be a potential immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of BRCA. Therefore, our results may provide researchers to further explore the role of MARGs, especially TOMM40, in the developmental process of breast cancer, which may provide new directions and targets for the improvement of prognosis of breast cancer patients and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 XiwuRoad, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 XiwuRoad, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Weimiao Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 XiwuRoad, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 XiwuRoad, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yonglin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 XiwuRoad, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Siwo GH, Singal AG, Waljee AK. Pan-cancer molecular signatures connecting aspartate transaminase (AST) to cancer prognosis, metabolic and immune signatures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.01.582939. [PMID: 38496547 PMCID: PMC10942358 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.01.582939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Serum aspartate transaminase (sAST) level is used routinely in conjunction with other clinical assays to assess liver health and disease. Increasing evidence suggests that sAST is associated with all-cause mortality and has prognostic value in several cancers, including gastrointestinal and urothelial cancers. Here, we undertake a systems approach to unravel molecular connections between AST and cancer prognosis, metabolism, and immune signatures at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Methods We mined public gene expression data across multiple normal and cancerous tissues using the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEX) resource and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess the expression of genes encoding AST isoenzymes (GOT1 and GOT2) and their association with disease prognosis and immune infiltration signatures across multiple tumors. We examined the associations between AST and previously reported pan-cancer molecular subtypes characterized by distinct metabolic and immune signatures. We analyzed human protein-protein interaction networks for interactions between GOT1 and GOT2 with cancer-associated proteins. Using public databases and protein-protein interaction networks, we determined whether the subset of proteins that interact with AST (GOT1 and GOT2 interactomes) are enriched with proteins associated with specific diseases, miRNAs and transcription factors. Results We show that AST transcript isoforms (GOT1 and GOT2) are expressed across a wide range of normal tissues. AST isoforms are upregulated in tumors of the breast, lung, uterus, and thymus relative to normal tissues but downregulated in tumors of the liver, colon, brain, kidney and skeletal sarcomas. At the proteomic level, we find that the expression of AST is associated with distinct pan-cancer molecular subtypes with an enrichment of specific metabolic and immune signatures. Based on human protein-protein interaction data, AST physically interacts with multiple proteins involved in tumor initiation, suppression, progression, and treatment. We find enrichments in the AST interactomes for proteins associated with liver and lung cancer and dermatologic diseases. At the regulatory level, the GOT1 interactome is enriched with the targets of cancer-associated miRNAs, specifically mir34a - a promising cancer therapeutic, while the GOT2 interactome is enriched with proteins that interact with cancer-associated transcription factors. Conclusions Our findings suggest that perturbations in the levels of AST within specific tissues reflect pathophysiological changes beyond tissue damage and have implications for cancer metabolism, immune infiltration, prognosis, and treatment personalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit G. Singal
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
- Center for Global Health Equity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Akbar K. Waljee
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
- Center for Global Health Equity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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6
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Regoni M, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Dopaminergic neuronal death via necroptosis in Parkinson's disease: A review of the literature. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1079-1098. [PMID: 37667848 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Several pathways of programmed cell death are likely to play a role in dopaminergic neuron death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, as well as cell death associated with proteasomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuron death could inform the design of drugs that promote neuron survival. Necroptosis is a recently characterized regulated cell death mechanism that exhibits morphological features common to both apoptosis and necrosis. It requires activation of an intracellular pathway involving receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1 kinase, RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein 3 kinase (RIP3 kinase, RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). The potential involvement of this programmed cell death pathway in the pathogenesis of PD has been studied by analysing biomarkers for necroptosis, such as the levels and oligomerization of phosphorylated RIPK3 (pRIPK3) and phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL), in several PD preclinical models and in PD human tissue. Although there is evidence that other types of cell death also have a role in DA neuron death, most studies support the hypothesis that this cell death mechanism is activated in PD tissues. Drugs that prevent or reduce necroptosis may provide neuroprotection for PD. In this review, we summarize the findings from these studies. We also discuss how manipulating necroptosis might open a novel therapeutic approach to reduce neuronal degeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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7
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Cao M, Tang Y, Luo Y, Gu F, Zhu Y, Liu X, Yan C, Hu W, Wang S, Chao X, Xu H, Chen HB, Wang L. Natural compounds modulating mitophagy: Implications for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216590. [PMID: 38097131 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as the second leading cause of mortality, and cancer incidence is still growing rapidly worldwide, which poses an increasing global health burden. Although chemotherapy is the most widely used treatment for cancer, its effectiveness is limited by drug resistance and severe side effects. Mitophagy is the principal mechanism that degrades damaged mitochondria via the autophagy/lysosome pathway to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that mitophagy plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis, particularly in cancer therapy. Mitophagy can exhibit dual effects in cancer, with both cancer-inhibiting or cancer-promoting function in a context-dependent manner. A variety of natural compounds have been found to affect cancer cell death and display anticancer properties by modulating mitophagy. In this review, we provide a systematic overview of mitophagy signaling pathways, and examine recent advances in the utilization of natural compounds for cancer therapy through the modulation of mitophagy. Furthermore, we address the inquiries and challenges associated with ongoing investigations concerning the application of natural compounds in cancer therapy based on mitophagy. Overcoming these limitations will provide opportunities to develop novel interventional strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yancheng Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufei Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fen Gu
- Department of Infection, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chenghao Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shaogui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haodong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Liu J, Wu Y, Meng S, Xu P, Li S, Li Y, Hu X, Ouyang L, Wang G. Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:22. [PMID: 38262996 PMCID: PMC10807193 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells engage in autophagy, an internal process of self-degradation through lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified as selective or non-selective depending on the way it chooses to degrade substrates. During the process of selective autophagy, damaged and/or redundant organelles like mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes, and lipid droplets are selectively recycled. Specific cargo is delivered to autophagosomes by specific receptors, isolated and engulfed. Selective autophagy dysfunction is closely linked with cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Through reviewing latest research, this review summarized molecular markers and important signaling pathways for selective autophagy, and its significant role in cancers. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule compounds targeting selective autophagy for their potential application in anti-tumor therapy, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. This review aims to supply important scientific references and development directions for the biological mechanisms and drug discovery of anti-tumor targeting selective autophagy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Liu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sha Meng
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Emergency Department, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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9
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Picca A, Faitg J, Auwerx J, Ferrucci L, D'Amico D. Mitophagy in human health, ageing and disease. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2047-2061. [PMID: 38036770 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining optimal mitochondrial function is a feature of health. Mitophagy removes and recycles damaged mitochondria and regulates the biogenesis of new, fully functional ones preserving healthy mitochondrial functions and activities. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that impaired mitophagy negatively affects cellular health and contributes to age-related chronic diseases. Strategies to boost mitophagy have been successfully tested in model organisms, and, recently, some have been translated into clinics. In this Review, we describe the basic mechanisms of mitophagy and how mitophagy can be assessed in human blood, the immune system and tissues, including muscle, brain and liver. We outline mitophagy's role in specific diseases and describe mitophagy-activating approaches successfully tested in humans, including exercise and nutritional and pharmacological interventions. We describe how mitophagy is connected to other features of ageing through general mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress and forecast how strengthening research on mitophagy and mitophagy interventions may strongly support human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Julie Faitg
- Amazentis, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Kitada T, Ardah MT, Haque ME. History of Parkinson's Disease-Associated Gene, Parkin: Research over a Quarter Century in Quest of Finding the Physiological Substrate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16734. [PMID: 38069057 PMCID: PMC10706564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkin, the gene responsible for hereditary Parkinson's disease (PD) called "Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism (AR-JP)" was discovered a quarter of a century ago. Owing to its huge gene structure and unique protein functions, parkin has become a subject of interest to those involved in PD research and researchers and clinicians in various fields and is being vigorously studied worldwide in relation to its nature and disease. The gene structure was registered under the gene name "parkin" in the GenBank in 1997. In 1998, deletion and point mutations in the parkin gene were reported, thereby demonstrating parkin is the causative gene for hereditary PD. Although 25 years have passed since the gene's discovery and many researchers have worked tirelessly to elucidate the function of the Parkin protein and the mechanism of its role against neuronal cell death and pathogenesis remain unknown, which raises a major question concerning the current leading hypothesis. In this review, we present the results of related research on the parkin gene in chronological order and discuss unresolved problems concerning its function and pathology as well as new trends in the research conducted to solve them. The relationship between parkin and tumorigenesis has also been addressed from the perspective of Parkin's redox molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Kitada
- Otawa-Kagaku, Parkinson Clinic and Research, Kamakura 247-0061, Japan;
| | - Mustafa T. Ardah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - M. Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Persson M, Andersson MK, Sahlin PE, Mitani Y, Brandwein-Weber MS, Frierson HF, Moskaluk C, Fonseca I, Ferrarotto R, Boecker W, Loening T, El-Naggar AK, Stenman G. Comprehensive molecular characterization of adenoid cystic carcinoma reveals tumor suppressors as novel drivers and prognostic biomarkers. J Pathol 2023; 261:256-268. [PMID: 37565350 DOI: 10.1002/path.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a MYB-driven head and neck malignancy with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis and poor long-term survival. New effective targeted therapies and clinically useful biomarkers for patient stratification are needed to improve ACC patient survival. Here, we present an integrated copy number and transcriptomic analysis of ACC to identify novel driver genes and prognostic biomarkers. A total of 598 ACCs were studied. Clinical follow-up was available from 366 patients, the largest cohort analyzed to date. Copy number losses of 1p36 (70/492; 14%) and of the tumor suppressor gene PARK2 (6q26) (85/343; 25%) were prognostic biomarkers; patients with concurrent losses (n = 20) had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than those with one or no deletions (p < 0.0001). Deletion of 1p36 independently predicted short OS in multivariate analysis (p = 0.02). Two pro-apoptotic genes, TP73 and KIF1B, were identified as putative 1p36 tumor suppressor genes whose reduced expression was associated with poor survival and increased resistance to apoptosis. PARK2 expression was markedly reduced in tumors with 6q deletions, and PARK2 knockdown increased spherogenesis and decreased apoptosis, indicating that PARK2 is a tumor suppressor in ACC. Moreover, analysis of the global gene expression pattern in 30 ACCs revealed a transcriptomic signature associated with short OS, multiple copy number alterations including 1p36 deletions, and reduced expression of TP73. Taken together, the results indicate that TP73 and PARK2 are novel putative tumor suppressor genes and potential prognostic biomarkers in ACC. Our studies provide new important insights into the pathogenesis of ACC. The results have important implications for biomarker-driven stratification of patients in clinical trials. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Persson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias K Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Sahlin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Henry F Frierson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christopher Moskaluk
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Isabel Fonseca
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil - Lisboa and Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Werner Boecker
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Gerhard-Seifert Reference Centre, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Zhou J, Xu W, Wu Y, Wang M, Zhang N, Wang L, Feng Y, Zhang T, Wang L, Mao A. GPR37 promotes colorectal cancer liver metastases by enhancing the glycolysis and histone lactylation via Hippo pathway. Oncogene 2023; 42:3319-3330. [PMID: 37749229 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases are commonly detected in a range of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), unfortunately no effectively strategies for CRC liver metastasis (CRLM). In this study, we found GPR37 expression dramatically increased in human CRLM specimens and associated poor prognosis. GPR37 depletion greatly suppressed the liver metastasis in the mouse models of CRLM. Functional experiments showed that GPR37 knockdown inhibited the growth by reducing the glycolysis of CRC cells. Also, GPR37 knockdown in tumor cells produced decreased levels of two chemokines involved in neutrophil accumulation, which abrogated neutrophil recruitment in the tumor microenvironment of CRLM. Finally, the mechanism studies revealed that GPR37 could activate the hippo pathway, thereby promoting LDHA expression and glycolysis. This leads to increased lactylation of H3K18la, resulting in up-regulation of CXCL1 and CXCL5. These results support a role of the GPR37 in modulating the tumor metabolism and microenvironment in CRLM and GPR37 could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yibin Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Longrong Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Anrong Mao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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13
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Perales-Linares R, Leli NM, Mohei H, Beghi S, Rivera OD, Kostopoulos N, Giglio A, George SS, Uribe-Herranz M, Costabile F, Pierini S, Pustylnikov S, Skoufos G, Barash Y, Hatzigeorgiou AG, Koumenis C, Maity A, Lotze MT, Facciabene A. Parkin Deficiency Suppresses Antigen Presentation to Promote Tumor Immune Evasion and Immunotherapy Resistance. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3562-3576. [PMID: 37578274 PMCID: PMC10618737 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which plays a key role in the development of Parkinson disease. Parkin defects also occur in numerous cancers, and a growing body of evidence indicates that Parkin functions as a tumor suppressor that impedes a number of cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis. Here, we generated murine and human models that closely mimic the advanced-stage tumors where Parkin deficiencies are found to provide deeper insights into the tumor suppressive functions of Parkin. Loss of Parkin expression led to aggressive tumor growth, which was associated with poor tumor antigen presentation and limited antitumor CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation. The effect of Parkin deficiency on tumor growth was lost following depletion of CD8+ T cells. In line with previous findings, Parkin deficiency was linked with mitochondria-associated metabolic stress, PTEN degradation, and enhanced Akt activation. Increased Akt signaling led to dysregulation of antigen presentation, and treatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206-2HCl restored antigen presentation in Parkin-deficient tumors. Analysis of data from patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma indicated that Parkin expression was downregulated in tumors and that low expression correlated with reduced overall survival. Furthermore, low Parkin expression correlated with reduced patient response to immunotherapy. Overall, these results identify a role for Parkin deficiency in promoting tumor immune evasion that may explain the poor prognosis associated with loss of Parkin across multiple types of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Parkin prevents immune evasion by regulating tumor antigen processing and presentation through the PTEN/Akt network, which has important implications for immunotherapy treatments in patients with Parkin-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Perales-Linares
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nektaria Maria Leli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hesham Mohei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Silvia Beghi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Osvaldo D. Rivera
- Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nektarios Kostopoulos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Giglio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Subin S. George
- Penn Bioinformatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Francesca Costabile
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefano Pierini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergei Pustylnikov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgos Skoufos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly - Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly - Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amit Maity
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Mu N, Wang Y, Li X, Du Z, Wu Y, Su M, Wang Y, Sun X, Su L, Liu X. Crotonylated BEX2 interacts with NDP52 and enhances mitophagy to modulate chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:645. [PMID: 37777549 PMCID: PMC10542755 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain expressed X-linked gene 2 (BEX2) encoded protein was originally identified to promote transcription by interacting with several transcription factors in the DNA-binding complexes. Recently, BEX2 was found to be localized in cytosol and/or mitochondria and regulate apoptosis in cancer cells and tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its roles in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we report that crotonylated BEX2 plays an important role in inhibiting chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis via enhancing mitophagy in human lung cancer cells. BEX2 promotes mitophagy by facilitating interaction between NDP52 and LC3B. Moreover, BEX2 crotonylation at K59 is critical in the BEX2-mediated mitophagy in lung cancer cells. The K59R mutation of BEX2 inhibits mitophagy by affecting the interaction of NDP52 and LC3B. BEX2 expression is elevated after anticancer drug treatment, and its overexpression inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of BEX2-regulated mitophagy sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis. Furthermore, BEX2 promotes tumor growth and inhibits apoptosis by regulating mitophagy in vivo. We also confirm that BEX2 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with poor prognosis in lymph node metastasis-free cancer. Therefore, combination treatment with pharmaceutical approaches targeting BEX2-induced mitophagy and anticancer drugs may represent a potential strategy for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingdi Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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15
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Cao J, Ma X, Yan X, Zhang G, Hong S, Ma R, Wang Y, Ma M. Kaempferol induces mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy by activating the LKB1/AMPK/MFF pathway in breast precancerous lesions. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3602-3616. [PMID: 37086359 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol has been suggested to be an effective anticancer agent in several malignant tumors. However, its function and mechanisms in breast precancerous lesions remain largely elusive. Here, we showed that kaempferol induced excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial damage with activated mitochondrial fission factor (MFF)-mediated dynamin-related protein (DRP) 1 mitochondrial translocation. As a result, the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway was activated, accompanied by excessive mitophagy and reduced mitochondrial mass in cells. We also revealed that kaempferol-induced lethal mitophagy contributed to inhibiting breast precancerous lesion growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we verified serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11/LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway deficiency in breast precancerous lesions. Moreover, LKB1/AMPK pathway reactivation by kaempferol was required for excessive mitochondrial fission and lethal mitophagy. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms related to breast cancer prevention by kaempferol and provide evidence for its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Cao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University (No: 3210090112), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxin Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijuan Zhang
- School of Nursing of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyi Hong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Perrone M, Patergnani S, Di Mambro T, Palumbo L, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Calcium Homeostasis in the Control of Mitophagy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:581-598. [PMID: 36112728 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Maintenance of mitochondrial quality is essential for cellular homeostasis. Among processes responsible for preserving healthy mitochondria, mitophagy selectively eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome for degradation. Alterations in mitophagy lead to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which plays an essential role in several diseases such as carcinogenesis and tumor progression, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune and cardiovascular pathologies. Recent Advances: Calcium (Ca2+) plays a fundamental role in cell life, modulating several pathways, such as gene expression, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, cell death, and survival. Indeed, because it is involved in all these events, Ca2+ is the most versatile intracellular second messenger. Being a process that limits cellular degeneration, mitophagy participates in cellular fate decisions. Several mitochondrial parameters, such as membrane potential, structure, and reactive oxygen species, can trigger the activation of mitophagic machinery. These parameters regulate not only mitophagy but also the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Critical Issues: Ca2+ handling is fundamental in regulating ATP production by mitochondria and mitochondrial quality control processes. Despite the growing literature about the link between Ca2+ and mitophagy, the mechanism by which Ca2+ homeostasis regulates mitophagy is still debated. Future Directions: Several studies have revealed that excessive mitophagy together with altered mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake leads to different dysfunctions in numerous diseases. Thus, therapeutic modulation of these pathways is considered a promising treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 581-598.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Di Mambro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
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17
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Lu Y, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang T, Liu Y, Zhang L. Cellular mitophagy: Mechanism, roles in diseases and small molecule pharmacological regulation. Theranostics 2023; 13:736-766. [PMID: 36632220 PMCID: PMC9830443 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mitophagy means that cells selectively wrap and degrade damaged mitochondria through an autophagy mechanism, thus maintaining mitochondria and intracellular homeostasis. In recent years, mitophagy has received increasing attention as a research hotspot related to the pathogenesis of clinical diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, and so on. It has been found that the regulation of mitophagy may become a new direction for the treatment of some diseases. In addition, numerous small molecule modulators of mitophagy have also been reported, which provides new opportunities to comprehend the procedure and potential of therapeutic development. Taken together, in this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanism of mitophagy, discuss the roles of mitophagy and its relationship with diseases, introduce the existing small-molecule pharmacological modulators of mitophagy and further highlight the significance of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shuangqian Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Yanjun Liu, E-mail: ; Lan Zhang, E-mail:
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Yanjun Liu, E-mail: ; Lan Zhang, E-mail:
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18
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Genetic Study of Early Onset Parkinson's Disease in Cyprus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315369. [PMID: 36499697 PMCID: PMC9739936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The etiology of PD remains unclear. However, several studies have demonstrated the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in PD. Early-onset PD (EOPD) is a subgroup of PD diagnosed between the ages of 21 and 50. Population genetic studies have demonstrated great genetic variability amongst EOPD patients. Hence, this study aimed to obtain a genetic landscape of EOPD in the Cypriot population. Greek-Cypriot EOPD patients (n = 48) were screened for variants in the six most common EOPD-associated genes (PINK1, PRKN, FBXO7, SNCA, PLA2G6, and DJ-1). This included DNA sequencing and Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). One previously described frameshift variant in PINK1 (NM_032409.3:c.889del) was detected in five patients (10.4%)-the largest number to be detected to date. Copy number variations in the PRKN gene were identified in one homozygous and 3 compound heterozygous patients (8.3%). To date, the pathogenic variants identified in this study have explained the PD phenotype for 18.8% of the EOPD cases. The results of this study may contribute to the genetic screening of EOPD in Cyprus.
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19
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The RING finger protein family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:300. [PMID: 36042206 PMCID: PMC9424811 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved and fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM) in all eukaryotes regulating thousands of proteins. The RING (really interesting new gene) finger (RNF) protein, containing the RING domain, exerts E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates the covalent attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to target proteins. Multiple reviews have summarized the critical roles of the tripartite-motif (TRIM) protein family, a subgroup of RNF proteins, in various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory, infectious, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Except for TRIMs, since numerous studies over the past decades have delineated that other RNF proteins also exert widespread involvement in several diseases, their importance should not be underestimated. This review summarizes the potential contribution of dysregulated RNF proteins, except for TRIMs, to the pathogenesis of some diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorder. Since viral infection is broadly involved in the induction and development of those diseases, this manuscript also highlights the regulatory roles of RNF proteins, excluding TRIMs, in the antiviral immune responses. In addition, we further discuss the potential intervention strategies targeting other RNF proteins for the prevention and therapeutics of those human diseases.
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20
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Aksoy Yasar FB, Shingu T, Zamler DB, Zaman MF, Chien DL, Zhang Q, Ren J, Hu J. Quaking but not parkin is the major tumor suppressor in 6q deleted region in glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931387. [PMID: 36051438 PMCID: PMC9424994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a high-grade, aggressive brain tumor with dismal median survival time of 15 months. Chromosome 6q (Ch6q) is a hotspot of genomic alterations, which is commonly deleted or hyper-methylated in GBM. Two neighboring genes in this region, QKI and PRKN have been appointed as tumor suppressors in GBM. While a genetically modified mouse model (GEMM) of GBM has been successfully generated with Qk deletion in the central nervous system (CNS), in vivo genetic evidence supporting the tumor suppressor function of Prkn has not been established. In the present study, we generated a mouse model with Prkn-null allele and conditional Trp53 and Pten deletions in the neural stem cells (NSCs) and compared the tumorigenicity of this model to our previous GBM model with Qk deletion within the same system. We find that Qk but not Prkn is the potent tumor suppressor in the frequently altered Ch6q region in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Takashi Shingu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel B. Zamler
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mohammad Fayyad Zaman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Derek Lin Chien
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jian Hu,
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21
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GPR37 promotes cancer growth by binding to CDK6 and represents a new theranostic target in lung adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Howard M, Erickson J, Cuba Z, Kim S, Zhou W, Gade P, Carter R, Mitchell K, Branscome H, Siddhi D, Alanazi F, Kim Y, Araujo RP, Haymond A, Luchini A, Kashanchi F, Liotta LA. A secretory form of Parkin-independent mitophagy contributes to the repertoire of extracellular vesicles released into the tumour interstitial fluid in vivo. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12244. [PMID: 35879267 PMCID: PMC9314315 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the in vivo interstitial fluid (IF) content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using the GFP-4T1 syngeneic murine cancer model to study EVs in-transit to the draining lymph node. GFP labelling confirmed the IF EV tumour cell origin. Molecular analysis revealed an abundance of IF EV-associated proteins specifically involved in mitophagy and secretory autophagy. A set of proteins required for sequential steps of fission-induced mitophagy preferentially populated the CD81+/PD-L1+ IF EVs; PINK1, TOM20, and ARIH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase (required for Parkin-independent mitophagy), DRP1 and FIS1 (mitochondrial peripheral fission), VDAC-1 (ubiquitination state triggers mitophagy away from apoptosis), VPS35, SEC22b, and Rab33b (vacuolar sorting). Comparing in vivo IF EVs to in vitro EVs revealed 40% concordance, with an elevation of mitophagy proteins in the CD81+ EVs for both murine and human cell lines subjected to metabolic stress. The export of cellular mitochondria proteins to CD81+ EVs was confirmed by density gradient isolation from the bulk EV isolate followed by anti-CD81 immunoprecipitation, molecular sieve chromatography, and MitoTracker export into CD81+ EVs. We propose the 4T1 in vivo model as a versatile tool to functionally characterize IF EVs. IF EV export of fission mitophagy proteins has broad implications for mitochondrial function and cellular immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Howard
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - James Erickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary Cuba
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Shawn Kim
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Purva Gade
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Carter
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Kelsey Mitchell
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Daivik Siddhi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Yuriy Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Robyn P Araujo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Haymond
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
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23
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Leduc-Gaudet JP, Hussain SN, Gouspillou G. Parkin: A potential target to promote healthy aging. J Physiol 2022; 600:3405-3421. [PMID: 35691026 DOI: 10.1113/jp282567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mostly known for its role in regulating the removal of defective mitochondria via mitophagy. However, increasing experimental evidence that Parkin regulates several other aspects of mitochondrial biology in addition to its role in mitophagy has emerged over the past two decades. Indeed, Parkin has been shown to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and mitochondrial-derived vesicle formation, suggesting that Parkin plays key roles in maintaining healthy mitochondria. While Parkin is commonly described as a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase, Parkin was also detected in other cellular compartments, including the nucleus, where it regulates transcription factors and acts as a transcription factor itself. New evidence also suggests that Parkin overexpression can be leveraged to delay aging. In D. melanogaster, for example, Parkin overexpression extends lifespan. In mammals, Parkin overexpression delays hallmarks of aging in several tissues and cell types. Parkin overexpression also confers protection in various models of cellular senescence and neurological disorders closely associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Recently, Parkin overexpression has also been shown to suppress tumor growth. In this review, we discuss newly emerging biological roles of Parkin as a modulator of cellular homeostasis, survival, and healthy aging, and we explore potential mechanisms through which Parkin exerts its beneficial effects on cellular health. Abstract figure legend Parkin: A potential target to promote healthy aging Illustration of key aspects of Parkin biology, including Parkin function and cellular localization and key roles in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control. The organs and systems in which Parkin overexpression was shown to exert protective effects relevant to the promotion of healthy aging are highlighted in the black rectangle at the bottom of the Figure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabah Na Hussain
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
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24
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Meng Y, Qiu L, Zhang S, Han J. The emerging roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:365-381. [PMID: 35582023 PMCID: PMC9019267 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cancer of the ovary exhibits the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies in women today, since the disease is often diagnosed in advanced stages. While the treatment of cancer with specific chemical agents or drugs is the favored treatment regimen, chemotherapy resistance greatly impedes successful ovarian cancer chemotherapy. Thus, chemoresistance becomes one of the most critical clinical issues confronted when treating patients with ovarian cancer. Convincing evidence hints that dysregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases is a key factor in the development and maintenance of ovarian cancer chemoresistance. This review outlines recent advancement in our understanding of the emerging roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. We also highlight currently available inhibitors targeting E3 ligase activities and discuss their potential for clinical applications in treating chemoresistant ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Meng
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Yang Meng and Lei Qiu equally contributed to this manuscript
| | - Lei Qiu
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Yang Meng and Lei Qiu equally contributed to this manuscript
| | - Su Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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25
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Wu C, Feng ML, Jiao TW, Sun MJ. Clinical and prognostic significance of expression of phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 and Parkin in advanced colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4368-4379. [PMID: 35663086 PMCID: PMC9125282 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i14.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs targeting mitochondria can induce mitophagy and restrain proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) activates serine/threonine PTEN-induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy. However, there are few studies on the clinical and prognostic significance of expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin in patients. AIM To assess the clinical significance of PGAM5 and Parkin proteins, as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, by studying their expression in advanced CRC tissues and their association with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS The expression of PGAM5 and Parkin in CRC tissues from 100 patients was determined by immunohistochemistry. Each case was evaluated by using a combined scoring method based on signal intensity staining (scored 0-3) and the proportion of positively stained cancer cells (scored 0-4). The final staining score was calculated as the intensity score multiplied by the proportion score. Specimens were categorized as either high or low expression according to the Youden index, and the association between the expression of PGAM5 or Parkin and clinicopathological factors was ascertained. Additionally, we employed western blot to measure PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in six matched pairs of CRC and adjacent non-tumor tissues. RESULTS Immunohistochemical and western blot findings showed that both PGAM5 and Parkin protein expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues: PGAM5 and Parkin were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of colonic epithelial cells. PGAM5 and Parkin protein levels were significantly positively correlated in advanced CRC tissues. Moreover, reduced Parkin protein expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival in CRC patients as evinced by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The expression of PGAM5 protein and mitophagy-related protein Parkin has diagnostic significance for CRC and may become new biomarkers. Parkin may be a potential marker for the survival of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wu
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Liang Feng
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tai-Wei Jiao
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Endoscope, The First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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26
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Zhu D, Han F, Sun L, Agnihotri SK, Hu Y, Büeler H. Loss of PTEN-Induced Kinase 1 Regulates Oncogenic Ras-Driven Tumor Growth By Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893396. [PMID: 35600352 PMCID: PMC9117651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics (fission and fusion) critically regulate cell survival and proliferation, and abnormalities in these pathways are implicated in both neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Mitochondrial fission is necessary for the growth of mutant Ras-dependent tumors. Here, we investigated whether loss of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) - a mitochondrial kinase linked to recessive familial Parkinsonism - affects the growth of oncogenic Ras-induced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. We show that RasG12D-transformed embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from PINK1-deficient mice display reduced growth in soft agar and in nude mice, as well as increased necrosis and decreased cell cycle progression, compared to RasG12D-transformed MEFs derived from wildtype mice. PINK1 re-expression (overexpression) at least partially rescues these phenotypes. Neither PINK1 deletion nor PINK1 overexpression altered Ras expression levels. Intriguingly, PINK1-deficient Ras-transformed MEFs exhibited elongated mitochondria and altered DRP1 phosphorylation, a key event in regulating mitochondrial fission. Inhibition of DRP1 diminished PINK1-regulated mitochondria morphological changes and tumor growth suggesting that PINK1 deficiency primarily inhibits Ras-driven tumor growth through disturbances in mitochondrial fission and associated cell necrosis and cell cycle defects. Moreover, we substantiate the requirement of PINK1 for optimal growth of Ras-transformed cells by showing that human HCT116 colon carcinoma cells (carrying an endogenous RasG13D mutation) with CRISPR/Cas9-introduced PINK1 gene deletions also show reduced mitochondrial fission and decreased growth. Our results support the importance of mitochondrial function and dynamics in regulating the growth of Ras-dependent tumor cells and provide insight into possible mechanisms underlying the lower incidence of cancers in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Hu
- *Correspondence: Hansruedi Büeler, ; Ying Hu,
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27
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Cimini S, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F, Costantino M, Perego P, Rossi G. P301L tau mutation leads to alterations of cell cycle, DNA damage response and apoptosis: evidence for a role of tau in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Chowdhury R. Mitophagy and oral cancers. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2022; 13:11-19. [PMID: 35911821 PMCID: PMC9326198 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_123_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a progressive process that selectively targets weakened, old and damaged mitochondria, by an autophagic pathway, causing its destruction. Mitophagy maintains normal cellular physiology and tissue development, thereby controlling the cohesiveness of the mitochondrial pool. The mechanisms of mitophagy, tumorogenesis, and cell death are usually interrelated with each other and could be initiated by definite stressful conditions like hypoxia and nutrient starvation, which leads to the overall reduction in mitochondrial mass. This impedes the production of reactive oxygen species, and conserves nutrition, leading to cell survival in such extreme conditions. The inability to harmonize and regulate mitochondrial outcome in response to oncogenic stress can either stimulate or suppress tumorogenesis. Therefore, the relationship between mitophagy, tumorogenesis, and cell death plays an important role in the identification of potential targets of cell death and selective wiping out of cancer cells. This review portrays the mechanism of mitophagy, along with its role in cancers especially on oral cancers, and its importance in cancer therapeutics.
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29
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Guo J, Chiang WC. Mitophagy in aging and longevity. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:296-316. [PMID: 34889504 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The clearance of damaged or unwanted mitochondria by autophagy (also known as mitophagy) is a mitochondrial quality control mechanism postulated to play an essential role in cellular homeostasis, metabolism, and development and confers protection against a wide range of diseases. Proper removal of damaged or unwanted mitochondria is essential for organismal health. Defects in mitophagy are associated with Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and other degenerative disorders. Mitochondria regulate organismal fitness and longevity via multiple pathways, including cellular senescence, stem cell function, inflammation, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), and bioenergetics. Thus, mitophagy is postulated to be pivotal for maintaining organismal healthspan and lifespan and the protection against aged-related degeneration. In this review, we will summarize recent understanding of the mechanism of mitophagy and aspects of mitochondrial functions. We will focus on mitochondria-related cellular processes that are linked to aging and examine current genetic evidence that supports the hypothesis that mitophagy is a pro-longevity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Denisenko TV, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B. Mitophagy in carcinogenesis and cancer treatment. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:58. [PMID: 35201480 PMCID: PMC8777571 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to maintain a functional mitochondrial network, cells have developed a quality control mechanism, namely mitophagy. This process can be induced through different pathways. The most studied is the so-called PINK1/Parkin pathway, which is associated with ubiquitylation of several mitochondrial proteins that were initially found to be related to Parkinson's disease. Another type of mitophagy is known as receptor-mediated mitophagy, which includes proteins, such as BNIP3 and BNIP3L, also known as Nix. Through these two mechanisms, mitophagy fulfills its functions and maintains cellular homeostasis. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms of mitophagy regulation and their interplay with cancer progression as well as anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Rouland L, Duplan E, Ramos dos Santos L, Bernardin A, Katula KS, Manfioletti G, Idbaih A, Checler F, Alves da Costa C. Therapeutic potential of parkin as a tumor suppressor via transcriptional control of cyclins in glioblastoma cell and animal models. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:10047-10063. [PMID: 34815803 PMCID: PMC8581414 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin (PK) is an E3-ligase harboring tumor suppressor properties that has been associated to various cancer types including glioblastoma (GBM). However, PK is also a transcription factor (TF), the contribution of which to GBM etiology remains to be established. Methods: The impact of PK on GBM cells proliferation was analyzed by real-time impedance measurement and flow cytometry. Cyclins A and B proteins, promoter activities and mRNA levels were measured by western blot, luciferase assay and quantitative real-time PCR. Protein-protein and protein-promoter interactions were performed by co-immunoprecipitation and by ChIP approaches. The contribution of endogenous PK to tumor progression in vivo was performed by allografts of GL261 GBM cells in wild-type and PK knockout mice. Results: We show that overexpressed and endogenous PK control GBM cells proliferation by modulating the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle via the trans-repression of cyclin A and cyclin B genes. We establish that cyclin B is regulated by both E3-ligase and TF PK functions while cyclin A is exclusively regulated by PK TF function. PK invalidation leads to enhanced tumor progression in immunocompetent mice suggesting an impact of PK-dependent tumor environment to tumor development. We show that PK is secreted by neuronal cells and recaptured by tumor cells. Recaptured PK lowered cyclins levels and decreased GBM cells proliferation. Further, PK expression is decreased in human GBM biopsies and its expression is inversely correlated to both cyclins A and B expressions. Conclusion: Our work demonstrates that PK tumor suppressor function contributes to the control of tumor by its cellular environment. It also shows a key role of PK TF function in GBM development via the control of cyclins in vitro and in vivo. It suggests that therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling PK shuttling to the nucleus may prove useful to treat GBM.
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Cancer in Parkinson’s Disease, a Review of Literature. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aim: The present study aimed to assess the conclusions of literature articles on the matter of cancer in Parkinson’s disease.
Patients and Methods: Studies and articles that contained information on epidemiology, pathophysiological, clinical as well as associations and correlations on the topic of Parkinson’s disease and cancer were incorporated in the research too.
Results: The prevalent part of the investigations and studies on the matter of Parkinson’s disease patients’ risk of cancer revealed a decreased lifetime risk in comparisson with non-PD subjects. In the literature, the most prevalent types of cancer among Parkinson’s disease patients were melanoma and other subtypes skin cancer and also, breast cancer.
Conclusion: Epigenetic factors, gene–environment interactions, and problematic events can have an impact in the occurance and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Further, the mentioned factors can also determine the developing of cancer. Therefore, a complex and interesting relation between the two diseases is further to be discovered.
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Lou Y, Ma C, Liu Z, Shi J, Zheng G, Zhang C, Zhang Z. Antimony exposure promotes bladder tumor cell growth by inhibiting PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112420. [PMID: 34166935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimony is one of the heavier pnictogens and is widely found in human food chains, water sources, and as an air pollutant. Recent years have seen steadily increasing concentrations of antimony in the ecological environment; critically, several studies have indicated that antimony might pose a tumorigenic risk factor in several cancers. Therefore, antimony toxicity has attracted increasing research attention, with the molecular mechanisms underlying suspected antimony-mediated tumor transformation of greatest interest. Our results showed that the serum concentration of antimony was higher in bladder tumor patients relative to levels in non-tumor patients. Moreover, that such high antimony serum concentration were closely associated with poorer outcome in bladder tumor patients. Additionally, we demonstrated that the presence of antimony promoted both in vitro and in vivo bladder tumor cell growth. Our results also indicated that low-dose antimony resulted in significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complex I/II/III/IV activity, ATP/ADP ratio, and ATP concentration relative to the control group. These findings suggested that antimony caused mitochondrial damage. Finally, we found that low-dose antimony(0.8uM) inhibited mitophagy by deregulating expression of PINK1, Parkin, and p(ser65)-Parkin, and activation of PINK1-Parkin pathway by CCCP could inhibit antimony-induced tumor cell growth. Collectively, this inhibited the proliferation of bladder tumor cells. Overall, our study suggested that antimony promoted bladder tumor cell growth by inhibiting PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential in targeting molecules within this antimony induced-PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway and may offer a new approach for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Lou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Chunlei Ma
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Zhifei Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Jianxi Shi
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Guangzhe Zheng
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
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Bhat ZI, Naseem A, Kumar B, Ponnusamy K, Tiwari RR, Sharma GD, Rizvi MMA. Association of PARK-2 Non-synonyms Polymorphisms and Their In Silico Validation Among North Indian Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:674-682. [PMID: 34467515 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PARK2 is a potential tumour suppressor gene and its genetic alterations (regionic loss) are common across many human cancers. The association of PARK2 germline variations (SNPs) with Parkinson's has been shown, but their association in development and progression of cancer remains elusive. The aim of this study was to identify association of PARK2 polymorphisms (rs1801474, rs1801334) with colorectal cancer in a case control study design. METHODS This case control study included a total of 650 genetically unrelated subjects comprising 300 colorectal cancer cases and 350 healthy controls belonging to North Indian. Both SNPs were analyzed using the PCR-RFLP assay. Statistical analysis for describing risk and association was performed using SPSS-17 software. Structural deviations due to non- synonymous substitutions (S167N and D394N) were analyzed using MD simulations. RESULTS The genotype distributions of both the SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For both the polymorphisms, the allelic model showed statistically significant risk with OR ~ 1.3. Many of the associations remained significant even after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.00125). The result suggested that both S167N and D394N were deviated from wild type and structures and were stable after 5 ns. The average value of RMSD for backbone atoms was calculated from 5 to 10 ns molecular dynamics simulation data. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study revealed a significant association of PARK2 SNPs with colorectal cancer as well as their relations with other clinical parameters highlighting their contribution towards colorectal cancer susceptibility in North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal Bhat
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Afreen Naseem
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy
- Synthetic Biology Lab, School ofBiotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Ranjan Tiwari
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - G D Sharma
- Department of Zoology, P.M.B Gujarati Science College, Indore, India
| | - M Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Guan Y, Wang Y, Li B, Shen K, Li Q, Ni Y, Huang L. Mitophagy in carcinogenesis, drug resistance and anticancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:350. [PMID: 34225732 PMCID: PMC8256582 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a vital role in energy production, cytoplasmic protein degradation and cell death. Mitophagy is an autophagic procedure that specifically clears damaged mitochondria and maintains its homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that mitophagy is involved in many physiological processes, including cellular homeostasis, cellular differentiation and nerve protection. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy in mammals and yeasts and highlight the recent advances relevant to its function in carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Finally, a section has been dedicated to describing the role of mitophagy in anticancer therapeutics, which is a new frontier that offers a precise and promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Guan
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfu Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyin Ni
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Wu D, Dasgupta A, Read AD, Bentley RET, Motamed M, Chen KH, Al-Qazazi R, Mewburn JD, Dunham-Snary KJ, Alizadeh E, Tian L, Archer SL. Oxygen sensing, mitochondrial biology and experimental therapeutics for pulmonary hypertension and cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:150-178. [PMID: 33450375 PMCID: PMC8217091 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostatic oxygen sensing system (HOSS) optimizes systemic oxygen delivery. Specialized tissues utilize a conserved mitochondrial sensor, often involving NDUFS2 in complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, as a site of pO2-responsive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS are converted to a diffusible signaling molecule, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by superoxide dismutase (SOD2). H2O2 exits the mitochondria and regulates ion channels and enzymes, altering plasma membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+-sensitization and controlling acute, adaptive, responses to hypoxia that involve changes in ventilation, vascular tone and neurotransmitter release. Subversion of this O2-sensing pathway creates a pseudohypoxic state that promotes disease progression in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cancer. Pseudohypoxia is a state in which biochemical changes, normally associated with hypoxia, occur despite normal pO2. Epigenetic silencing of SOD2 by DNA methylation alters H2O2 production, activating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, thereby disrupting mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics, accelerating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Other epigenetic mechanisms, including dysregulation of microRNAs (miR), increase pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 expression in both diseases, favoring uncoupled aerobic glycolysis. This Warburg metabolic shift also accelerates cell proliferation and impairs apoptosis. Disordered mitochondrial dynamics, usually increased mitotic fission and impaired fusion, promotes disease progression in PAH and cancer. Epigenetic upregulation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and its binding partners, MiD49 and MiD51, contributes to the pathogenesis of PAH and cancer. Finally, dysregulation of intramitochondrial Ca2+, resulting from impaired mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) function, links abnormal mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. MiR-mediated decreases in MCUC function reduce intramitochondrial Ca2+, promoting Warburg metabolism, whilst increasing cytosolic Ca2+, promoting fission. Epigenetically disordered mitochondrial O2-sensing, metabolism, dynamics, and Ca2+ homeostasis offer new therapeutic targets for PAH and cancer. Promoting glucose oxidation, restoring the fission/fusion balance, and restoring mitochondrial calcium regulation are promising experimental therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Austin D Read
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rachel E T Bentley
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mehras Motamed
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ruaa Al-Qazazi
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Mewburn
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kimberly J Dunham-Snary
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3J9, Canada
| | - Lian Tian
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Patel J, Baptiste BA, Kim E, Hussain M, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. DNA damage and mitochondria in cancer and aging. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1625-1634. [PMID: 33146705 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and DNA repair deficiencies are strong risk factors for developing cancer. This is reflected in the comorbidity of cancer with premature aging diseases associated with DNA damage repair deficiencies. Recent research has suggested that DNA damage accumulation, telomere dysfunction and the accompanying mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbate the aging process and may increase the risk of cancer development. Thus, an area of interest in both cancer and aging research is the elucidation of the dynamic crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria. In this review, we discuss current research on aging and cancer with specific focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and aging as well as how nuclear to mitochondrial DNA damage signaling may be a driving factor in the increased cancer incidence with aging. We suggest that therapeutic interventions aimed at the induction of autophagy and mediation of nuclear to mitochondrial signaling may provide a mechanism for healthier aging and reduced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin Patel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mansoor Hussain
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Doddato G, Valentino F, Giliberti A, Papa FT, Tita R, Bruno LP, Resciniti S, Fallerini C, Benetti E, Palmieri M, Mencarelli MA, Fabbiani A, Bruttini M, Orrico A, Baldassarri M, Fava F, Lopergolo D, Lo Rizzo C, Lamacchia V, Mannucci S, Pinto AM, Curr A, Mancini V, Mari F, Renieri A, Ariani F. Whole Exome Sequencing in BRCA1-2 Candidate Families: The Contribution of Other Cancer Susceptibility Genes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649435. [PMID: 34026625 PMCID: PMC8139251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is a condition in which the risk of breast and ovarian cancer is higher than in the general population. The prevalent pathogenesis is attributable to inactivating variants of the BRCA1-2 highly penetrant genes, however, other cancer susceptibility genes may also be involved. By Exome Sequencing (ES) we analyzed a series of 200 individuals selected for genetic testing in BRCA1-2 genes according to the updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Analysis by MLPA was performed to detect large BRCA1-2 deletions/duplications. Focusing on BRCA1-2 genes, data analysis identified 11 cases with pathogenic variants (4 in BRCA1 and 7 in BRCA1-2) and 12 with uncertain variants (7 in BRCA1 and 5 in BRCA2). Only one case was found with a large BRCA1 deletion. Exome analysis allowed to characterize pathogenic variants in 21 additional genes: 10 genes more traditionally associated to breast and ovarian cancer (ATM, BRIP1, CDH1, PALB2, PTEN, RAD51C, and TP53) (5% diagnostic yield) and 11 in candidate cancer susceptibility genes (DPYD, ERBB3, ERCC2, MUTYH, NQO2, NTHL1, PARK2, RAD54L, and RNASEL). In conclusion, this study allowed a personalized risk assessment and clinical surveillance in an increased number of HBOC families and to broaden the spectrum of causative variants also to candidate “non-canonical” genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doddato
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Floriana Valentino
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annarita Giliberti
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Filomena Tiziana Papa
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Tita
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Pia Bruno
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Resciniti
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Palmieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Fabbiani
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Mirella Bruttini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Orrico
- Molecular Diagnosis and Characterization of Pathogenic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese and Clinical Genetics, ASL Toscana SudEst. Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Diego Lopergolo
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Lo Rizzo
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Vittoria Lamacchia
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Mannucci
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pinto
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Aurora Curr
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Mancini
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Mari
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ariani
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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de Castro EM, Barbosa LV, Ferreira JVA, de Andrade DP, Mello RG, Torres LFB, de Noronha L, Machado-Souza C. Parkin and its molecular associations in gliomas – a systematic review. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-021-00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractParkin, a protein encoded by PRKN, discovered in the context of Parkinson’s disease, controls proteasomal degradation by protein ubiquitination and acts on cell cycle control and mitochondrial homeostasis, among other cellular processes. Parkin has been also implicated in several carcinomas, melanoma and leukemia. In the neoplastic setting, reduced parkin level usually indicates poorer prognosis. Some authors have described the associations between parkin and gliomas. Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the central nervous system, astrocytomas being the most common. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate how parkin behaves in gliomas and the molecular pathways associated in this interaction. A search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO and Scopus and 8 published articles were identified as eligible studies. The studies were categorized in three groups, according to their main emphasis: PRKN mutation patterns detected in gliomas, parkin effects on tumor growth and survival rates, and molecular interactions between parkin and other proteins. The studies showed higher PRKN mutation rates and lower parkin expression in high grade gliomas. Patients with higher parkin expression had better overall survival. Besides, different molecular pathways associated with parkin were described, some of them regarded as potential therapeutic targets.
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40
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Aliabadi F, Sohrabi B, Mostafavi E, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Webster TJ. Ubiquitin-proteasome system and the role of its inhibitors in cancer therapy. Open Biol 2021; 11:200390. [PMID: 33906413 PMCID: PMC8080017 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all the other cells that have the potential to prevent cancer development and metastasis through tumour suppressor proteins, cancer cells can upregulate the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) by which they can degrade tumour suppressor proteins and avoid apoptosis. This system plays an extensive role in cell regulation organized in two steps. Each step has an important role in controlling cancer. This demonstrates the importance of understanding UPS inhibitors and improving these inhibitors to foster a new hope in cancer therapy. UPS inhibitors, as less invasive chemotherapy drugs, are increasingly used to alleviate symptoms of various cancers in malignant states. Despite their success in reducing the development of cancer with the lowest side effects, thus far, an appropriate inhibitor that can effectively inactivate this system with the least drug resistance has not yet been fully investigated. A fundamental understanding of the system is necessary to fully elucidate its role in causing/controlling cancer. In this review, we first comprehensively investigate this system, and then each step containing ubiquitination and protein degradation as well as their inhibitors are discussed. Ultimately, its advantages and disadvantages and some perspectives for improving the efficiency of these inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aliabadi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beheshteh Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Surface Chemistry Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology, PO Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Cells use mitophagy to remove dysfunctional or excess mitochondria, frequently in response to imposed stresses, such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Mitochondrial cargo receptors (MCR) induced by these stresses target mitochondria to autophagosomes through interaction with members of the LC3/GABARAP family. There are a growing number of these MCRs, including BNIP3, BNIP3L, FUNDC1, Bcl2-L-13, FKBP8, Prohibitin-2, and others, in addition to mitochondrial protein targets of PINK1/Parkin phospho-ubiquitination. There is also an emerging link between mitochondrial lipid signaling and mitophagy where ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cardiolipin have all been shown to promote mitophagy. Here, we review the upstream signaling mechanisms that regulate mitophagy, including components of the mitochondrial fission machinery, AMPK, ATF4, FoxOs, Sirtuins, and mtDNA release, and address the significance of these pathways for stress responses in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In particular, we focus on how mitophagy modulators intersect with cell cycle control and survival pathways in cancer, including following ECM detachment and during cell migration and metastasis. Finally, we interrogate how mitophagy affects tissue atrophy during cancer cachexia and therapy responses in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan P Poole
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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Brewer K, Nip I, Bellizzi J, Costa-Guda J, Arnold A. Molecular analysis of cyclin D1 modulators PRKN and FBX4 as candidate tumor suppressors in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:302-308. [PMID: 33617468 PMCID: PMC8052572 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary hyperparathyroidism is most often caused by a sporadic single-gland parathyroid adenoma (PTA), a tumor type for which cyclin D1 is the only known and experimentally validated oncoprotein. However, the molecular origins of its frequent overexpression have remained mostly elusive. In this study, we explored a potential tumorigenic mechanism that could increase cyclin D1 stability through a defect in molecules responsible for its degradation. METHODS We examined two tumor suppressor genes known to modulate cyclin D1 ubiquitination, PRKN and FBXO4 (FBX4), for evidence of classic two-hit tumor suppressor inactivation within a cohort of 82 PTA cases. We examined the cohort for intragenic inactivating and splice site mutations by Sanger sequencing and for locus-associated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by microsatellite analysis. RESULTS We identified no evidence of bi-allelic tumor suppressor inactivation of PRKN or FBXO4 via inactivating mutation or splice site perturbation, neither in combination with nor independent of LOH. Among the 82 cases, we encountered previously documented benign single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 35 tumors at frequencies similar to those reported in the germlines of the general population. Eight cases exhibited intragenic LOH at the PRKN locus, in some cases extending to cover at least an additional 1.7 Mb of chromosome 6q25-26. FBXO4 was not affected by LOH. CONCLUSION The absence of evidence for specific bi-allelic inactivation in PRKN and FBXO4 in this sizeable cohort suggests that these genes only rarely, if ever, serve as classic driver tumor suppressors responsible for the growth of PTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Brewer
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isabel Nip
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Justin Bellizzi
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica Costa-Guda
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Arnold
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Arnold:
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Koklesova L, Samec M, Liskova A, Zhai K, Büsselberg D, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golunitschaja O. Mitochondrial impairments in aetiopathology of multifactorial diseases: common origin but individual outcomes in context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:27-40. [PMID: 33686350 PMCID: PMC7931170 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury plays a key role in the aetiopathology of multifactorial diseases exhibiting a "vicious circle" characteristic for pathomechanisms of the mitochondrial and multi-organ damage frequently developed in a reciprocal manner. Although the origin of the damage is common (uncontrolled ROS release, diminished energy production and extensive oxidative stress to life-important biomolecules such as mtDNA and chrDNA), individual outcomes differ significantly representing a spectrum of associated pathologies including but not restricted to neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Contextually, the role of predictive, preventive and personalised (PPPM/3P) medicine is to introduce predictive analytical approaches which allow for distinguishing between individual outcomes under circumstance of mitochondrial impairments followed by cost-effective targeted prevention and personalisation of medical services. Current article considers innovative concepts and analytical instruments to advance management of mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golunitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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44
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Liu J, Zhang C, Wu H, Sun XX, Li Y, Huang S, Yue X, Lu SE, Shen Z, Su X, White E, Haffty BG, Hu W, Feng Z. Parkin ubiquitinates phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase to suppress serine synthesis and tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3253-3269. [PMID: 32478681 DOI: 10.1172/jci132876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the first rate-limiting enzyme of serine synthesis, is frequently overexpressed in human cancer. PHGDH overexpression activates serine synthesis to promote cancer progression. Currently, PHGDH regulation in normal cells and cancer is not well understood. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in Parkinson's disease, is a tumor suppressor. Parkin expression is frequently downregulated in many types of cancer, and its tumor-suppressive mechanism is poorly defined. Here, we show that PHGDH is a substrate for Parkin-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Parkin interacted with PHGDH and ubiquitinated PHGDH at lysine 330, leading to PHGDH degradation to suppress serine synthesis. Parkin deficiency in cancer cells stabilized PHGDH and activated serine synthesis to promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, which was largely abolished by targeting PHGDH with RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 KO, or small-molecule PHGDH inhibitors. Furthermore, Parkin expression was inversely correlated with PHGDH expression in human breast cancer and lung cancer. Our results revealed PHGDH ubiquitination by Parkin as a crucial mechanism for PHGDH regulation that contributes to the tumor-suppressive function of Parkin and identified Parkin downregulation as a critical mechanism underlying PHGDH overexpression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yanchen Li
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shou-En Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Biometrics Division, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.,Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bruce G Haffty
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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45
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Tyagi A, Sarodaya N, Kaushal K, Chandrasekaran AP, Antao AM, Suresh B, Rhie BH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase APC/C Cdh1 Regulation of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Stability and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9076. [PMID: 33260674 PMCID: PMC7729981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by the dysfunction of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Alterations in the level of PAH leads to the toxic accumulation of phenylalanine in the blood and brain. Protein degradation mediated by ubiquitination is a principal cellular process for maintaining protein homeostasis. Therefore, it is important to identify the E3 ligases responsible for PAH turnover and proteostasis. Here, we report that anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdh1 (APC/C)Cdh1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that interacts and promotes the polyubiquitination of PAH through the 26S proteasomal pathway. Cdh1 destabilizes and declines the half-life of PAH. In contrast, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Cdh1 stabilizes PAH expression and enhances phenylalanine metabolism. Additionally, our current study demonstrates the clinical relevance of PAH and Cdh1 correlation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overall, we show that PAH is a prognostic marker for HCC and Cdh1 could be a potential therapeutic target to regulate PAH-mediated physiological and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorvi Tyagi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Neha Sarodaya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Kamini Kaushal
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Arun Pandian Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Byung Ho Rhie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
| | - Kye Seong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.T.); (N.S.); (K.K.); (A.P.C.); (A.M.A.); ( (B.S.); (B.H.R.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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46
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Ahmadpour ST, Mahéo K, Servais S, Brisson L, Dumas JF. Cardiolipin, the Mitochondrial Signature Lipid: Implication in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8031. [PMID: 33126604 PMCID: PMC7662448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are specific phospholipids of the mitochondria composing about 20% of the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) phospholipid mass. Dysregulation of CL metabolism has been observed in several types of cancer. In most cases, the evidence for a role for CL in cancer is merely correlative, suggestive, ambiguous, and cancer-type dependent. In addition, CLs could play a pivotal role in several mitochondrial functions/parameters such as bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, and apoptosis, which are involved in key steps of cancer aggressiveness (i.e., migration/invasion and resistance to treatment). Therefore, this review focuses on studies suggesting that changes in CL content and/or composition, as well as CL metabolism enzyme levels, may be linked with the progression and the aggressiveness of some types of cancer. Finally, we also introduce the main mitochondrial function in which CL could play a pivotal role with a special focus on its implication in cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-François Dumas
- Université de Tours, Inserm, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer UMR1069, 37032 Tours, France; (S.T.A.); (K.M.); (S.S.); (L.B.)
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47
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De R, Mazumder S, Bandyopadhyay U. Mediators of mitophagy that regulate mitochondrial quality control play crucial role in diverse pathophysiology. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:333-366. [PMID: 33067701 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound cellular work-horses constantly functioning to regulate vital aspects of cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, proliferation and death. Biogenesis, homeostasis and regulated turnover of mitochondria are stringently regulated to meet the bioenergetic requirements. Diverse external and internal stimuli including oxidative stress, diseases, xenobiotics and even age profoundly affect mitochondrial integrity. Damaged mitochondria need immediate segregation and selective culling to maintain physiological homeostasis. Mitophagy is a specialised form of macroautophagy that constantly checks mitochondrial quality followed by elimination of rogue mitochondria by lysosomal targeting through multiple pathways tightly regulated and activated in context-specific manners. Mitophagy is implicated in diverse oxidative stress-associated metabolic, proliferating and degenerative disorders owing to the centrality of mitopathology in diseases as well as the common mandate to eliminate damaged mitochondria for restoring physiological homeostasis. With improved health care and growing demand for precision medicine, specifically targeting the keystone factors in pathogenesis, more exploratory studies are focused on mitochondrial quality control as underlying guardian of cellular pathophysiology. In this context, mitophagy emerged as a promising area to focus biomedical research for identifying novel therapeutic targets against diseases linked with physiological redox perturbation. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent developments on mitophagy along with precise discussion on its impact on major diseases and possibilities of therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal, 712258, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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48
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A Splice Intervention Therapy for Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinson's Disease Arising from Parkin Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197282. [PMID: 33019779 PMCID: PMC7582384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin-type autosomal recessive juvenile-onset Parkinson’s disease is caused by mutations in the PRKN gene and accounts for 50% of all autosomal recessive Parkinsonism cases. Parkin is a neuroprotective protein that has dual functions as an E3 ligase in the ubiquitin–proteasome system and as a transcriptional repressor of p53. While genomic deletions of PRKN exon 3 disrupt the mRNA reading frame and result in the loss of functional parkin protein, deletions of both exon 3 and 4 maintain the reading frame and are associated with a later onset, milder disease progression, indicating this particular isoform retains some function. Here, we describe in vitro evaluation of antisense oligomers that restore functional parkin expression in cells derived from a Parkinson’s patient carrying a heterozygous PRKN exon 3 deletion, by inducing exon 4 skipping to correct the reading frame. We show that the induced PRKN transcript is translated into a shorter but semi-functional parkin isoform able to be recruited to depolarised mitochondria, and also transcriptionally represses p53 expression. These results support the potential use of antisense oligomers as a disease-modifying treatment for selected pathogenic PRKN mutations.
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49
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Shah P, Sagar PR, Alhumaidi N, Bollampally VC, Malik BH. Parkinson's Disease and Its Dermatological Associations: Is Your Skin Whispering You a Diagnosis? Cureus 2020; 12:e9933. [PMID: 32968594 PMCID: PMC7505647 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by the triad of resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Although PD is primarily known for motor disturbance, 98.6% of patients experience one or more non-motor symptoms at all stages of the disease. Dermatological disorders are discussed as common non-motor associations of PD since the 20th century. Many studies have shown that patients of PD are predisposed to skin disorders. This article is a traditional review done to analyze the association between PD and its dermatological manifestations. We did a literature search using six keywords in the PubMed database and took the relevant articles published in the last 10 years. We reviewed more than 100 articles, which also included animal studies. On meticulous review, we observed an increased incidence of certain skin disorders like seborrheic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, rosacea, and melanoma in patients of PD. These disorders share either common risk factors or underlying mechanisms revolving around genetics, immunology, inflammation, and pathophysiology of PD, but the exact causation yet seems obscured. We believe that this opens a horizon for more research in the link between the skin and nervous system. We also emphasize that the dermatologists, neurologists and general physicians should address the cutaneous disorders in PD timely, educate their patients, help them lessen the psychosocial distress, and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Shah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Prem Raj Sagar
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Norah Alhumaidi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Bilal Haider Malik
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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50
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Xiao D, Chang W, Ding W, Wang Y, Fa H, Wang J. Enhanced mitophagy mediated by the YAP/Parkin pathway protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:96-107. [PMID: 32434049 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical usage of Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, there is an increasing body of evidence that has demonstrated that mitophagy is responsible for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In the present study, Parkin, a key protein for mitophagy initiation, was revealed to be downregulated in mouse hearts and in H9c2 cells upon DOX treatment. Enforced expression of Parkin led to mitophagy activation and attenuated cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Parkin transgenic mice inhibited DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, Yes-associatd protein, as a transcription co-activator, regulated the gene expression of Parkin, and in turn Parkin overexpression protected against cell apoptosis induced by DOX treatment. Taken together, enhanced mitophagy mediated by YAP/Parkin pathway protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in mouse heart. These studies revealed the complex pathological process of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and provided novel insight into potential chemotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Wei Ding
- Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Hongge Fa
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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