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Donlon J, Kumari P, Varghese SP, Bai M, Florentin OD, Frost ED, Banks J, Vadlapatla N, Kam O, Shad MU, Rahman S, Abulseoud OA, Stone TW, Koola MM. Integrative Pharmacology in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders. J Dual Diagn 2024; 20:132-177. [PMID: 38117676 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2023.2293854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental physical, mental, and socioeconomic effects of substance use disorders (SUDs) have been apparent to the medical community for decades. However, it has become increasingly urgent in recent years to develop novel pharmacotherapies to treat SUDs. Currently, practitioners typically rely on monotherapy. Monotherapy has been shown to be superior to no treatment at all for most substance classes. However, many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed that monotherapy leads to poorer outcomes when compared with combination treatment in all specialties of medicine. The results of RCTs suggest that monotherapy frequently fails since multiple dysregulated pathways, enzymes, neurotransmitters, and receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of SUDs. As such, research is urgently needed to determine how various neurobiological mechanisms can be targeted by novel combination treatments to create increasingly specific yet exceedingly comprehensive approaches to SUD treatment. This article aims to review the neurobiology that integrates many pathophysiologic mechanisms and discuss integrative pharmacology developments that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with SUDs. Many neurobiological mechanisms are known to be involved in SUDs including dopaminergic, nicotinic, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that KYNA, a tryptophan metabolite, modulates all these major pathophysiologic mechanisms. Therefore, achieving KYNA homeostasis by harmonizing integrative pathophysiology and pharmacology could prove to be a better therapeutic approach for SUDs. We propose KYNA-NMDA-α7nAChRcentric pathophysiology, the "conductor of the orchestra," as a novel approach to treat many SUDs concurrently. KYNA-NMDA-α7nAChR pathophysiology may be the "command center" of neuropsychiatry. To date, extant RCTs have shown equivocal findings across comparison conditions, possibly because investigators targeted single pathophysiologic mechanisms, hit wrong targets in underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and tested inadequate monotherapy treatment. We provide examples of potential combination treatments that simultaneously target multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms in addition to KYNA. Kynurenine pathway metabolism demonstrates the greatest potential as a target for neuropsychiatric diseases. The investigational medications with the most evidence include memantine, galantamine, and N-acetylcysteine. Future RCTs are warranted with novel combination treatments for SUDs. Multicenter RCTs with integrative pharmacology offer a promising, potentially fruitful avenue to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Donlon
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Community Living Trent Highlands, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Sajoy P Varghese
- Addiction Recovery Treatment Services, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michael Bai
- Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ori David Florentin
- Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Emma D Frost
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Banks
- Talkiatry Mental Health Clinic, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niyathi Vadlapatla
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Olivia Kam
- Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Mujeeb U Shad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Osama A Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Alix School of Medicine at Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
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Shehata MK, Ismail AA, Kamel MA. Combined Donepezil with Astaxanthin via Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Effective Delivery to Brain for Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4193-4227. [PMID: 37534058 PMCID: PMC10391537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Donepezil (DPL), a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is used as a first-line treatment to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and it might have a disease modifying effect. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural potent antioxidant with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) co-loaded with donepezil and astaxanthin (DPL/AST-NLCs) and evaluate their in vivo efficacy in an AD-like rat model 30 days after daily intranasal administration. Methods DPL/AST-NLCs were prepared using a hot high-shear homogenization technique, in vitro examined for their physicochemical parameters and in vivo evaluated. AD induction in rats was performed by aluminum chloride. The cortex and hippocampus were isolated from the brain of rats for biochemical testing and histopathological examination. Results DPL/AST-NLCs showed z-average diameter 149.9 ± 3.21 nm, polydispersity index 0.224 ± 0.017, zeta potential -33.7 ± 4.71 mV, entrapment efficiency 81.25 ±1.98% (donepezil) and 93.85 ±1.75% (astaxanthin), in vitro sustained release of both donepezil and astaxanthin for 24 h, spherical morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and they were stable at 4-8 ± 2°C for six months. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that donepezil and astaxanthin were molecularly dispersed in the NLC matrix in an amorphous state. The DPL/AST-NLC-treated rats showed significantly lower levels of nuclear factor-kappa B, malondialdehyde, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1, caspase-3, amyloid beta (Aβ1‑42), and acetylcholinesterase, and significantly higher levels of glutathione and acetylcholine in the cortex and hippocampus than the AD-like untreated rats and that treated with donepezil-NLCs. DPL/AST-NLCs showed significantly higher anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, resulting in significant improvement in the cortical and hippocampal histopathology. Conclusion Nose-to-brain delivery of DPL/AST-NLCs is a promising strategy for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa K Shehata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem A Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Joshi YB, Molina JL, Braff DL, Green MF, Gur RC, Gur RE, Nuechterlein KH, Stone WS, Greenwood TA, Lazzeroni LC, Radant AD, Silverman JM, Sprock J, Sugar CA, Tsuang DW, Tsuang MT, Turetsky BI, Swerdlow NR, Light GA. Sensitivity of Schizophrenia Endophenotype Biomarkers to Anticholinergic Medication Burden. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:519-523. [PMID: 37038743 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yash B Joshi
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Juan L Molina
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - David L Braff
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - William S Stone
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Tiffany A Greenwood
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Laura C Lazzeroni
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Allen D Radant
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Jeremy M Silverman
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Joyce Sprock
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Bruce I Turetsky
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Neal R Swerdlow
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
| | - Gregory A Light
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Sprock, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Joshi, Molina, Braff, Greenwood, Sprock, M. Tsuang, Swerdlow, Light); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles (Green, Neuchterlein); Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles (Green, Sugar); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Turetsky); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Stone); Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (Stone); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford (Lazzeroni); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Radant, D. Tsuang); Northwest Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle (D. Tsuang); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Silverman); Research & Development, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York (Silverman); Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles (Sugar)
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4
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Olivero G, Grilli M, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. Metamodulation of presynaptic NMDA receptors: New perspectives for pharmacological interventions. Neuropharmacology 2023; 234:109570. [PMID: 37146939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metamodulation shifted the scenario of the central neuromodulation from a simplified unimodal model to a multimodal one. It involves different receptors/membrane proteins physically associated or merely colocalized that act in concert to control the neuronal functions influencing each other. Defects or maladaptation of metamodulation would subserve neuropsychiatric disorders or even synaptic adaptations relevant to drug dependence. Therefore, this "vulnerability" represents a main issue to be deeply analyzed to predict its aetiopathogenesis, but also to propose targeted pharmaceutical interventions. The review focusses on presynaptic release-regulating NMDA receptors and on some of the mechanisms of their metamodulation described in the literature. Attention is paid to the interactors, including both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, transporters and intracellular proteins, which metamodulate their responsiveness in physiological conditions but also undergo adaptation that are relevant to neurological dysfunctions. All these structures are attracting more and more the interest as promising druggable targets for the treatment of NMDAR-related central diseases: these substances would not exert on-off control of the colocalized NMDA receptors (as usually observed with NMDAR full agonists/antagonists), but rather modulate their functions, with the promise of limiting side effects that would favor their translation from preclinic to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 16148, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 16148, Genoa, Italy
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5
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Bono F, Fiorentini C, Mutti V, Tomasoni Z, Sbrini G, Trebesova H, Marchi M, Grilli M, Missale C. Central nervous system interaction and crosstalk between nAChRs and other ionotropic and metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106711. [PMID: 36854367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. nAChRs exert a crucial modulatory influence on several brain biological processes; they are involved in a variety of neuronal diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and nicotine addiction. The influence of nAChRs on brain function depends on the activity of other neurotransmitter receptors that co-exist with nAChRs on neurons. In fact, the crosstalk between receptors is an important mechanism of neurotransmission modulation and plasticity. This may be due to converging intracellular pathways but also occurs at the membrane level, because of direct physical interactions between receptors. In this line, this review is dedicated to summarizing how nAChRs and other ionotropic and metabotropic receptors interact and the relevance of nAChRs cross-talks in modulating various neuronal processes ranging from the classical modulation of neurotransmitter release to neuron plasticity and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bono
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Mutti
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Zaira Tomasoni
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Sbrini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Hanna Trebesova
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Missale
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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6
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Khan FZ, Mostaid MS, Apu MNH. Molecular Signaling Pathway Targeted Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09874. [PMID: 35832342 PMCID: PMC9272348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with rapid progression. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a nutraceutical that has been investigated as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for this disease due to its ability to prevent or retard the progression of neurodegeneration. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive compound isolated from the seeds of black cumin. Several reports have shown that it has promising potential in the prevention and treatment of AD due to its significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties along with several other mechanisms that target the altered signaling pathways due to the disease pathogenesis. In addition, it shows anticholinesterase activity and prevents α-synuclein induced synaptic damage. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential aspects and mechanisms by which TQ imparts its action in AD.
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7
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Weber LA, Tomiello S, Schöbi D, Wellstein KV, Mueller D, Iglesias S, Stephan KE. Auditory mismatch responses are differentially sensitive to changes in muscarinic acetylcholine versus dopamine receptor function. eLife 2022; 11:74835. [PMID: 35502897 PMCID: PMC9098218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) has been proposed as a biomarker of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction in schizophrenia. Such dysfunction may be caused by aberrant interactions of different neuromodulators with NMDARs, which could explain clinical heterogeneity among patients. In two studies (N = 81 each), we used a double-blind placebo-controlled between-subject design to systematically test whether auditory mismatch responses under varying levels of environmental stability are sensitive to diminishing and enhancing cholinergic vs. dopaminergic function. We found a significant drug × mismatch interaction: while the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist biperiden delayed and topographically shifted mismatch responses, particularly during high stability, this effect could not be detected for amisulpride, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist. Neither galantamine nor levodopa, which elevate acetylcholine and dopamine levels, respectively, exerted significant effects on MMN. This differential MMN sensitivity to muscarinic versus dopaminergic receptor function may prove useful for developing tests that predict individual treatment responses in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Aline Weber
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Tomiello
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Schöbi
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina V Wellstein
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Mueller
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Iglesias
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas Enno Stephan
- Translational Neuroimaging Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Kumar M, Bansal N. A Revisit to Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:486-512. [PMID: 34792002 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211118125233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a cluster of brain abnormalities that trigger progressive memory deficits and other cognitive abilities such as skills, language, or executive function. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the foremost type of age-associated dementia that involves progressive neurodegeneration accompanied by profound cognitive deficits in advanced stages that severely hamper social or occupational abilities with or without the involvement of any other psychiatric condition. The last two decades witnessed a sharp increase (~123%) in mortality due to AD type dementia, typically owing to a very low disclosure rate (~45%) and hence, the prophylactic, as well as the therapeutic cure of AD, has been a huge challenge. Although understanding of AD pathogenesis has witnessed a remarkable growth (e.g., tauopathy, oxidative stress, lipid transport, glucose uptake, apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and immune system), still a dearth of an effective therapeutic agent in the management of AD prompts the quest for newer pharmacological targets in the purview of its growing epidemiological status. Most of the current therapeutic strategies focus on modulation of a single target, e.g., inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, glutamate excitotoxicity (memantine), or nootropics (piracetam), even though AD is a multifaceted neurological disorder. There is an impedance urgency to find not only symptomatic but effective disease-modifying therapies. The present review focuses on the risk / protective factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in AD. In addition to the existing symptomatic therapeutic approach, a diverse array of possible targets linked to pathogenic cascades have been re-investigated to envisage the pharmacotherapeutic strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University (CBLU), Bhiwani, Haryana 127021. India
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9
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Stone TW. Relationships and Interactions between Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Nicotinic Receptors in the CNS. Neuroscience 2021; 468:321-365. [PMID: 34111447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although ionotropic glutamate receptors and nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine (ACh) have usually been studied separately, they are often co-localized and functionally inter-dependent. The objective of this review is to survey the evidence for interactions between the two receptor families and the mechanisms underlying them. These include the mutual regulation of subunit expression, which change the NMDA:AMPA response balance, and the existence of multi-functional receptor complexes which make it difficult to distinguish between individual receptor sites, especially in vivo. This is followed by analysis of the functional relationships between the receptors from work on transmitter release, cellular electrophysiology and aspects of behavior where these can contribute to understanding receptor interactions. It is clear that nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) on axonal terminals directly regulate the release of glutamate and other neurotransmitters, α7-nAChRs generally promoting release. Hence, α7-nAChR responses will be prevented not only by a nicotinic antagonist, but also by compounds blocking the indirectly activated glutamate receptors. This accounts for the apparent anticholinergic activity of some glutamate antagonists, including the endogenous antagonist kynurenic acid. The activation of presynaptic nAChRs is by the ambient levels of ACh released from pre-terminal synapses, varicosities and glial cells, acting as a 'volume neurotransmitter' on synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. In addition, ACh and glutamate are released as CNS co-transmitters, including 'cholinergic' synapses onto spinal Renshaw cells. It is concluded that ACh should be viewed primarily as a modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission by regulating the release of glutamate presynaptically, and the location, subunit composition, subtype balance and sensitivity of glutamate receptors, and not primarily as a classical fast neurotransmitter. These conclusions and caveats should aid clarification of the sites of action of glutamate and nicotinic receptor ligands in the search for new centrally-acting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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10
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Hou YJ, Zheng X, Zhong HM, Chen F, Yan GY, Cai KC. Structural dynamics of amyloid β peptide binding to acetylcholine receptor and virtual screening for effective inhibitors. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2008150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-jun Hou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-mei Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Gui-yang Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Kai-cong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
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11
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Traini E, Carotenuto A, Fasanaro AM, Amenta F. Volume Analysis of Brain Cognitive Areas in Alzheimer's Disease: Interim 3-Year Results from the ASCOMALVA Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:317-329. [PMID: 32508323 PMCID: PMC7369051 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In AD, brain atrophy is associated with loss of gyri and sulci in the temporal and parietal lobes, and in parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus. Objective: The ASCOMALVA trial has assessed, in addition to neuropsychological analysis, whether the addition of the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate to treatment with donepezil has an effect on brain volume loss in patients affected by AD associated with cerebrovascular injury. Methods: 56 participants to the randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind ASCOMALVA trial were assigned to donepezil + placebo (D + P) or donepezil + choline alphoscerate (D + CA) treatments and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological tests every year for 4 years. An interim analysis of 3-year MRI data was performed by voxel morphometry techniques. Results: The D + P group (n = 27) developed atrophy of the gray and white matter with concomitant increase in ventricular space volume. In the D + CA group (n = 29) the gray matter atrophy was less pronounced compared to the D + P group in frontal and temporal lobes, hippocampus, and amygdala. These morphological data are consistent with the results of the neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the addition of choline alphoscerate to standard treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil counters to some extent the loss in volume occurring in some brain areas of AD patients. The observation of parallel less pronounced decrease in cognitive and functional tests in patients with the same treatment suggests that the morphological changes observed may have functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Traini
- Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Anna Carotenuto
- Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Neurology Unit, National Hospital "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Amenta
- Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Centre, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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12
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Koola MM. Alpha7 nicotinic-N-methyl-D-aspartate hypothesis in the treatment of schizophrenia and beyond. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:1-16. [PMID: 32965756 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of novel treatments for positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms continue to be a high-priority area of schizophrenia research and a major unmet clinical need. Given that all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to date failed with one add-on medication/mechanism of action, future RCTs with the same approach are not warranted. Even if the field develops a medication for cognition, others are still needed to treat negative and positive symptoms. Therefore, fixing one domain does not completely solve the problem. Also, targeting the cholinergic system, glutamatergic system, and cholinergic plus alpha7 nicotinic and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors failed independently. Hence, targeting other less important pathophysiological mechanisms/targets is unlikely to be successful. Meta-analyses of RCTs targeting major pathophysiological mechanisms have found some efficacy signal in schizophrenia; thus, combination treatments with different mechanisms of action may enhance the efficacy signal. The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of conducting RCTs with novel combination treatments in schizophrenia to develop antischizophrenia treatments. Positive RCTs with novel combination treatments that target the alpha7 nicotinic and NMDA receptors simultaneously may lead to a disease-modifying therapeutic armamentarium in schizophrenia. Novel combination treatments that concurrently improve the three domains of psychopathology and several prognostic and theranostic biomarkers may facilitate therapeutic discovery in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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13
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Galantamine-Memantine combination in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and beyond. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113409. [PMID: 32829072 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. Despite the major unmet clinical need, no new medications for the treatment of AD have been approved since 2003. Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is also a positive allosteric modulator at the α4β2 and α7nACh receptors. Memantine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulator/agonist. Both galantamine and memantine are FDA-approved medications for the treatment of AD. The objective of this review is to highlight the potential of the galantamine-memantine combination to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in AD. Several studies have shown the combination to be effective. Neurodegenerative diseases involve multiple pathologies; therefore, combination treatment appears to be a rational approach. Although underutilized, the galantamine-memantine combination is the standard of care in the treatment of AD. Positive RCTs with the combination with concurrent improvement in symptoms and biomarkers may lead to FDA approval, which may lead to greater utilization of this combination in clinical practice.
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14
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Wang YX, Xia ZH, Jiang X, Li LX, Wang HG, An D, Liu YQ. Genistein inhibits amyloid peptide 25-35-induced neuronal death by modulating estrogen receptors, choline acetyltransferase and glutamate receptors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108561. [PMID: 32857999 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore genistein, the most active component of soy isoflavones, on viability, expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and glutamate receptor subunits in amyloid peptide 25-35-induced hippocampal neurons, providing valuable data and basic information for neuroprotective effect of genistein in Aβ25-35-induced neuronal injury. METHODS We established an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease by exposing primary hippocampal neurons of newborn rats to amyloid peptide 25-35 (20 μM) for 24 h and observing the effects of genistein (10 μM, 3 h) on viability, expression of ER subtypes, ChAT, NMDA receptor subunit NR2B and AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 in Aβ25-35-induced hippocampal neurons. RESULTS We found that amyloid peptide 25-35 exposure reduced the viability of hippocampal neurons. Meanwhile, amyloid peptide 25-35 exposure decreased the expression of ER subtypes, ChAT and GluR2, and increased the expression of NR2B. Genistein at least partially reversed the effects of amyloid peptide 25-35 in hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSION Genistein could increase the expression of ChAT as a consequence of activating estrogen receptor subtypes, modulating the expression of NR2B and GluR2, and thereby ameliorating the status of hippocampal neurons and exerting neuroprotective effects against amyloid peptide 25-35. Our data suggest that genistein might represent a potential cell-targeted therapy which could be a promising approach to treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Xia
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Di An
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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15
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Koola MM, Looney SW, Hong H, Pillai A, Hou W. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of galantamine in schizophrenia: significant cognitive enhancement. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113285. [PMID: 32763546 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are core features of schizophrenia and the best predictor of functional outcome. Cholinergic system and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7nACh) receptors are strongly implicated in the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Galantamine is not only a reversible, competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase but also a type I positive allosteric modulator of α7nACh receptors. The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of galantamine for cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. In the meta-analysis that included six randomized controlled trials (RCTs, N=226), cognitive impairments significantly improved with galantamine compared to placebo, with a small Hedges' g effect size of 0.233. This finding is consistent with other RCTs in schizophrenia with medications with a similar mechanism of action. On the basis of the results from all the failed (although some efficacy has been shown) RCTs to date in schizophrenia, targeting only one pathophysiologic mechanism may be insufficient to detect a clinically meaningful signal. Nicotinergic medications, like any other add-on medications, are unlikely to be effective as stand-alone medications. Hence, these medications may have to be combined with other medications with complementary mechanisms such as glutamatergic/N-methyl-D-aspartate systems to detect a meaningful effect size for the three domains of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Stephen W Looney
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Houlin Hong
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Gomaa AA, Makboul RM, El-Mokhtar MA, Abdel-Rahman EA, Ahmed EA, Nicola MA. Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of donepezil in type 2 diabetic rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:97-112. [PMID: 32602568 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies raise the possibility that donepezil can delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This research evaluated the efficacy of donepezil in an animal model with brain insulin resistance and AD-like alterations. Rats were fed with high-fat/high-fructose (HF/Hfr) diet during the study period (17 weeks) and received one injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (25 mg/kg) after 8 weeks of starting the study. Diabetic (T2D) rats were treated with donepezil (4 mg/kg; p.o.) or vehicle for 8 weeks after STZ injection. The influence of donepezil on AD-related behavioral, biochemical, and neuropathological changes was investigated in T2D rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with donepezil led to a significant decrease in both amyloid-β deposition and the raised hippocampal activity of cholinesterase (ChE). It significantly increased the suppressed glutamate receptor expression (AMPA GluR1 subunit and NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, NR2B). It also improved cognitive dysfunction in the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tests. However, donepezil treatment did not significantly decrease the elevated levels of P-tau, caspase-3, GSK-3β, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Also, it did not restore the suppressed levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in the brain of these rats. Moreover, donepezil did not alter the elevated serum level of glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol. These findings suggest that donepezil treatment could ameliorate learning and memory impairment in T2D rats through reversal of some of the AD-related alterations, including reduction of amyloid-β burden and ChE activity as well as restoration of glutamate receptor expression. However, lack of any significant effect on P-tau load, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and insulin resistance raises the question about the ability of donepezil to delay the development or arrest the progression of T2D-induced AD and it is still a matter of debate that requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania M Makboul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Microbiology and immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Engy A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Nicola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Findley CA, Bartke A, Hascup KN, Hascup ER. Amyloid Beta-Related Alterations to Glutamate Signaling Dynamics During Alzheimer's Disease Progression. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419855541. [PMID: 31213067 PMCID: PMC6582288 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419855541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ranks sixth on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Top 10 Leading Causes of Death list for 2016, and the Alzheimer’s Association attributes 60% to 80% of dementia cases as AD related. AD pathology hallmarks include accumulation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles; however, evidence supports that soluble amyloid beta (Aβ), rather than insoluble plaques, may instigate synaptic failure. Soluble Aβ accumulation results in depression of long-term potentiation leading to cognitive deficits commonly characterized in AD. The mechanisms through which Aβ incites cognitive decline have been extensively explored, with a growing body of evidence pointing to modulation of the glutamatergic system. The period of glutamatergic hypoactivation observed alongside long-term potentiation depression and cognitive deficits in later disease stages may be the consequence of a preceding period of increased glutamatergic activity. This review will explore the Aβ-related changes to the tripartite glutamate synapse resulting in altered cell signaling throughout disease progression, ultimately culminating in oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh A Findley
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N Hascup
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.,4 Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R Hascup
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Stone TW. Does kynurenic acid act on nicotinic receptors? An assessment of the evidence. J Neurochem 2020; 152:627-649. [PMID: 31693759 PMCID: PMC7078985 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a major metabolite of kynurenine in the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan, kynurenic acid is of considerable biological and clinical importance as an endogenous antagonist of glutamate in the central nervous system. It is most active as an antagonist at receptors sensitive to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) which regulate neuronal excitability and plasticity, brain development and behaviour. It is also thought to play a causative role in hypo-glutamatergic conditions such as schizophrenia, and a protective role in several neurodegenerative disorders, notably Huntington's disease. An additional hypothesis, that kynurenic acid could block nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in the central nervous system has been proposed as an alternative mechanism of action of kynurenate. However, the evidence for this alternative mechanism is highly controversial, partly because at least eight earlier studies concluded that kynurenic acid blocked NMDA receptors but not nicotinic receptors and five subsequent, independent studies designed to repeat the results have failed to do so. Many studies considered to support the alternative 'nicotinic' hypothesis have been based on the use of analogs of kynurenate such as 7-chloro-kynurenic acid, or putatively nicotinic modulators such as galantamine, but a detailed analysis of the pharmacology of these compounds suggests that the results have often been misinterpreted, especially since the pharmacology of galantamine itself has been disputed. This review examines the evidence in detail, with the conclusion that there is no confirmed, reliable evidence for an antagonist activity of kynurenic acid at nicotinic receptors. Therefore, since there is overwhelming evidence for kynurenate acting at ionotropic glutamate receptors, especially NMDAR glutamate and glycine sites, with some activity at GPR35 sites and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors, results with kynurenic acid should be interpreted only in terms of these confirmed sites of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- Institute for Neuroscience and PsychologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
- Present address:
Kennedy InstituteNDORMSUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7FYUK
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Felix RA, Chavez VA, Novicio DM, Morley BJ, Portfors CV. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α 7-knockout mice exhibit degraded auditory temporal processing. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:451-465. [PMID: 31116647 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00170.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The CHRNA7 gene that encodes the α7-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) has been associated with some autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental conditions characterized, in part, by auditory and language impairment. These conditions may include auditory processing disorders that represent impaired timing of neural activity, often accompanied by problems understanding speech. Here, we measure timing properties of sound-evoked activity via the auditory brainstem response (ABR) of α7-nAChR knockout mice of both sexes and wild-type colony controls. We find a significant timing delay in evoked ABR signals that represents midbrain activity in knockouts. We also examine spike-timing properties of neurons in the inferior colliculus, a midbrain nucleus that exhibits high levels of α7-nAChR during development. We find delays of evoked responses along with degraded spiking precision in knockout animals. We find similar timing deficits in responses of neurons in the superior paraolivary nucleus and ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, which are brainstem nuclei thought to shape temporal precision in the midbrain. In addition, we find that other measures of temporal acuity including forward masking and gap detection are impaired for knockout animals. We conclude that altered temporal processing at the level of the brainstem in α7-nAChR-deficient mice may contribute to degraded spike timing in the midbrain, which may underlie the observed timing delay in the ABR signals. Our findings are consistent with a role for the α7-nAChR in types of neurodevelopmental and auditory processing disorders and we identify potential neural targets for intervention.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Disrupted signaling via the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders that include impaired auditory processing. The underlying causes of dysfunction are not known but a common feature is abnormal timing of neural activity. We examined temporal processing of α7-nAChR knockout mice and wild-type controls. We found degraded spike timing of neurons in knockout animals, which manifests at the level of the auditory brainstem and midbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Felix
- School of Biological Sciences and the Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Vicente A Chavez
- School of Biological Sciences and the Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Dyana M Novicio
- School of Biological Sciences and the Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington
| | | | - Christine V Portfors
- School of Biological Sciences and the Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington
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20
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Lah MHC, Reza F, Begum T, Abdullah JM. Role of Pre-Synaptic NMDA Receptors in the Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Sensory-Motor and Visual Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Brain Slices of Young Epileptic Mice. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 25:27-39. [PMID: 30899185 PMCID: PMC6422549 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies from animal models have shown that pre-synaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) are present in the cortex, but the role of inhibition mediated by preNMDARs during epileptogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we wanted to observe the changes in GABAergic inhibition through preNMDARs in sensory-motor and visual cortical pyramidal neurons after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Methods Using a pilocarpine-induced epileptic mouse model, sensory-motor and visual cortical slices were prepared, and the whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs). Results The primary finding was that the mean amplitude of sIPSC from the sensory-motor cortex increased significantly in epileptic mice when the recording pipette contained MK-801 compared to control mice, whereas the mean sIPSC frequency was not significantly different, indicating that post-synaptic mechanisms are involved. However, there was no significant pre-synaptic inhibition through preNMDARs in the acute brain slices from pilocarpine-induced epileptic mice. Conclusion In the acute case of epilepsy, a compensatory mechanism of post-synaptic inhibition, possibly from ambient GABA, was observed through changes in the amplitude without significant changes in the frequency of sIPSC compared to control mice. The role of preNMDAR-mediated inhibition in epileptogenesis during the chronic condition or in the juvenile stage warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif Che Lah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faruque Reza
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tahamina Begum
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Center for Neuroscience Services and Research (P3Neuro), Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Neuronal serine racemase associates with Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 and DISC1 agglomerates: Implications for schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 692:107-114. [PMID: 30391323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
D-Serine, an endogenous coagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at the glycine binding site, is synthesized by serine racemase (SR) through conversion of l-Serine. Dysregulation of SR/D-Serine and Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia at converging pathways, as perturbation of SR-DISC1 binding in astrocytes elicits schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. However, an association of neuronal SR with DISC1 remains elusive. Here we report that SR associates with DISC1 and its agglomerates in cortical neurons, which can be modulated by NMDAR activity. Endogenous SR colocalizes with DISC1 large agglomerates in the soma and with smaller puncta in the nucleus and dendrites of cortical neurons. Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate SR interaction with DISC1 in cortical neuronal lysates, suggesting the physiological presence of functional SR-DISC1 complexes in neurons. Moreover, exogenous d-Serine application significantly increases the interaction of SR with DISC1, the number of DISC1-SR large agglomerates and the levels of DISC1 agglomerated form along with SR in the triton-insoluble pellet fraction, whereas application of glycine with a glycine transporter inhibitor fails to increase their interactions, abundance of DISC1-SR large agglomerates and levels of DISC1 agglomerated form. This increase by d-Serine application is blocked by 7-chlorokynurenic acid, a specific antagonist at the glycine site of NMDARs, suggesting mediation through NMDARs. Our findings thus demonstrate neuronal SR association with DISC1 and its agglomerates, which can be modulated by d-Serine, thereby validating a novel neuronal SR-DISC1 complex responsive to NMDAR activation and providing a molecular mechanism by which pathways implicated in schizophrenia converge.
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Elnagar MR, Walls AB, Helal GK, Hamada FM, Thomsen MS, Jensen AA. Functional characterization of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA receptor signaling in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in an ERK phosphorylation assay. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Elnagar MR, Walls AB, Helal GK, Hamada FM, Thomsen MS, Jensen AA. Probing the putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex in human and murine cortex and hippocampus: Different degrees of complex formation in healthy and Alzheimer brain tissue. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189513. [PMID: 29261717 PMCID: PMC5738045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are key mediators of central cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, respectively. In addition to numerous well-established functional interactions between α7 nAChRs and NMDARs, the two receptors have been proposed to form a multimeric complex, and in the present study we have investigated this putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR assembly in human and murine brain tissues. By α-bungarotoxin (BGT) affinity purification, α7 and NMDAR subunits were co-purified from human and murine cortical and hippocampal homogenates, substantiating the notion that the receptors are parts of a multimeric complex in the human and rodent brain. Interestingly, the ratios between GluN1 and α7 levels in BGT pull-downs from cortical homogenates from Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains were significantly lower than those in pull-downs from non-AD controls, indicating a reduced degree of α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex formation in the diseased tissue. A similar difference in GluN1/α7 ratios was observed between pull-downs from cortical homogenates from adult 3xTg-AD and age-matched wild type (WT) mice, whereas the GluN1/α7 ratios determined in pull-downs from young 3xTg-AD and age-matched WT mice did not differ significantly. The observation that pretreatment with oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 reduced GluN1/α7 ratios in BGT pull-downs from human cortical homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner provided a plausible molecular mechanism for this observed reduction. In conclusion, while it will be important to further challenge the existence of the putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex in future studies applying other methodologies than biochemical assays and to investigate the functional implications of this complex for cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, this work supports the formation of the complex and presents new insights into its regulation in healthy and diseased brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anne Byriel Walls
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gouda K. Helal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid M. Hamada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Morten Skøtt Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anders A. Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Lin H, Magrane J, Clark EM, Halawani SM, Warren N, Rattelle A, Lynch DR. Early VGLUT1-specific parallel fiber synaptic deficits and dysregulated cerebellar circuit in the KIKO mouse model of Friedreich ataxia. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1529-1538. [PMID: 29259026 PMCID: PMC5769605 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with progressive ataxia that affects both the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS). While later CNS neuropathology involves loss of large principal neurons and glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic terminals in the cerebellar dentate nucleus, early pathological changes in FRDA cerebellum remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we report early cerebellar VGLUT1 (SLC17A7)-specific parallel fiber (PF) synaptic deficits and dysregulated cerebellar circuit in the frataxin knock-in/knockout (KIKO) FRDA mouse model. At asymptomatic ages, VGLUT1 levels in cerebellar homogenates are significantly decreased, whereas VGLUT2 (SLC17A6) levels are significantly increased, in KIKO mice compared with age-matched controls. Additionally, GAD65 (GAD2) levels are significantly increased, while GAD67 (GAD1) levels remain unaltered. This suggests early VGLUT1-specific synaptic input deficits, and dysregulation of VGLUT2 and GAD65 synaptic inputs, in the cerebellum of asymptomatic KIKO mice. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy further show specific reductions of VGLUT1-containing PF presynaptic terminals in the cerebellar molecular layer, demonstrating PF synaptic input deficiency in asymptomatic and symptomatic KIKO mice. Moreover, the parvalbumin levels in cerebellar homogenates and Purkinje neurons are significantly reduced, but preserved in other interneurons of the cerebellar molecular layer, suggesting specific parvalbumin dysregulation in Purkinje neurons of these mice. Furthermore, a moderate loss of large principal neurons is observed in the dentate nucleus of asymptomatic KIKO mice, mimicking that of FRDA patients. Our findings thus identify early VGLUT1-specific PF synaptic input deficits and dysregulated cerebellar circuit as potential mediators of cerebellar dysfunction in KIKO mice, reflecting developmental features of FRDA in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jordi Magrane
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisia M Clark
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah M Halawani
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan Warren
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy Rattelle
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Sanabria-Castro A, Alvarado-Echeverría I, Monge-Bonilla C. Molecular Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. Ann Neurosci 2017; 24:46-54. [PMID: 28588356 DOI: 10.1159/000464422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a chronic or progressive syndrome, characterized by impaired cognitive capacity beyond what could be considered a consequence of normal aging. It affects the memory, thinking process, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning ability, language, and judgment; although awareness is usually unaffected. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia; symptoms include memory loss, difficulty solving problems, disorientation in time and space, among others. The disease was first described in 1906 at a conference in Tubingen, Germany by Alois Alzheimer. One hundred and ten years since its first documentation, many aspects of the pathophysiology of AD have been discovered and understood, however gaps of knowledge continue to exist. This literature review summarizes the main underlying neurobiological mechanisms in AD, including the theory with emphasis on amyloid peptide, cholinergic hypothesis, glutamatergic neurotransmission, the role of tau protein, and the involvement of oxidative stress and calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sanabria-Castro
- Research Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Cecilia Monge-Bonilla
- Research Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica
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26
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Harms L. Mismatch responses and deviance detection in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction and developmental models of schizophrenia. Biol Psychol 2016; 116:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Parikh V, Kutlu MG, Gould TJ. nAChR dysfunction as a common substrate for schizophrenia and comorbid nicotine addiction: Current trends and perspectives. Schizophr Res 2016; 171:1-15. [PMID: 26803692 PMCID: PMC4762752 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of tobacco use in the population with schizophrenia is enormously high. Moreover, nicotine dependence is found to be associated with symptom severity and poor outcome in patients with schizophrenia. The neurobiological mechanisms that explain schizophrenia-nicotine dependence comorbidity are not known. This study systematically reviews the evidence highlighting the contribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to nicotine abuse in schizophrenia. METHODS Electronic data bases (Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were searched using the selected key words that match the aims set forth for this review. A total of 276 articles were used for the qualitative synthesis of this review. RESULTS Substantial evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicated that dysregulation of α7 and β2-subunit containing nAChRs account for the cognitive and affective symptoms of schizophrenia and nicotine use may represent a strategy to remediate these symptoms. Additionally, recent meta-analyses proposed that early tobacco use may itself increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. Genetic studies demonstrating that nAChR dysfunction that may act as a shared vulnerability factor for comorbid tobacco dependence and schizophrenia were found to support this view. The development of nAChR modulators was considered an effective therapeutic strategy to ameliorate psychiatric symptoms and to promote smoking cessation in schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between schizophrenia and smoking is complex. While the debate for the self-medication versus addiction vulnerability hypothesis continues, it is widely accepted that a dysfunction in the central nAChRs represent a common substrate for various symptoms of schizophrenia and comorbid nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19112, United States.
| | - Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19112, United States
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19112, United States
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Lin H, Jacobi AA, Anderson SA, Lynch DR. D-Serine and Serine Racemase Are Associated with PSD-95 and Glutamatergic Synapse Stability. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:34. [PMID: 26941605 PMCID: PMC4766304 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
D-serine is an endogenous coagonist at the glycine site of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs), synthesized by serine racemase (SR) through conversion of L-serine. It is crucial for synaptic plasticity and is implicated in schizophrenia. Our previous studies demonstrated specific loss of SR, D-serine-responsive synaptic NMDARs, and glutamatergic synapses in cortical neurons lacking α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which promotes glutamatergic synapse formation and maturation during development. We thus hypothesize that D-serine and SR (D-serine/SR) are associated with glutamatergic synaptic development. Using morphological and molecular studies in cortical neuronal cultures, we demonstrate that D-serine/SR are associated with PSD-95 and NMDARs in postsynaptic neurons and with glutamatergic synapse stability during synaptic development. Endogenous D-serine and SR colocalize with PSD-95, but not presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), in glutamatergic synapses of cultured cortical neurons. Low-density astrocytes in cortical neuronal cultures lack SR expression but contain enriched D-serine in large vesicle-like structures, suggesting possible synthesis of D-serine in postsynaptic neurons and storage in astrocytes. More interestingly, endogenous D-serine and SR colocalize with PSD-95 in the postsynaptic terminals of glutamatergic synapses during early and late synaptic development, implicating involvement of D-serine/SR in glutamatergic synaptic development. Exogenous application of D-serine enhances the interactions of SR with PSD-95 and NR1, and increases the number of VGLUT1- and PSD-95-positive glutamatergic synapses, suggesting that exogenous D-serine enhances postsynaptic SR/PSD-95 signaling and stabilizes glutamatergic synapses during cortical synaptic development. This is blocked by NMDAR antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) and 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-CK), a specific antagonist at the glycine site of NMDARs, demonstrating that D-serine effects are mediated through postsynaptic NMDARs. Conversely, exogenous application of glycine has no such effects, suggesting D-serine, rather than glycine, modulates postsynaptic events. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that D-serine/SR are associated with PSD-95 and NMDARs in postsynaptic neurons and with glutamatergic synapse stability during synaptic development, implicating D-serine/SR as regulators of cortical synaptic and circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariel A Jacobi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and SciencesPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
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Banerjee A, Larsen RS, Philpot BD, Paulsen O. Roles of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors in Neurotransmission and Plasticity. Trends Neurosci 2015; 39:26-39. [PMID: 26726120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Presynaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) play pivotal roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. They facilitate presynaptic neurotransmitter release and modulate mechanisms controlling synaptic maturation and plasticity during formative periods of brain development. There is an increasing understanding of the roles of preNMDARs in experience-dependent synaptic and circuit-specific computation. In this review we summarize the latest understanding of compartment-specific expression and function of preNMDARs, and how they contribute to synapse-specific and circuit-level information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin D Philpot
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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30
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Fedder KN, Sabo SL. On the Role of Glutamate in Presynaptic Development: Possible Contributions of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors. Biomolecules 2015; 5:3448-66. [PMID: 26694480 PMCID: PMC4693286 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper formation and maturation of synapses during development is a crucial step in building the functional neural circuits that underlie perception and behavior. It is well established that experience modifies circuit development. Therefore, understanding how synapse formation is controlled by synaptic activity is a key question in neuroscience. In this review, we focus on the regulation of excitatory presynaptic terminal development by glutamate, the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. We discuss the evidence that NMDA receptor activation mediates these effects of glutamate and present the hypothesis that local activation of presynaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) contributes to glutamate-dependent control of presynaptic development. Abnormal glutamate signaling and aberrant synapse development are both thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Therefore, understanding how glutamate signaling and synapse development are linked is important for understanding the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie N Fedder
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Shasta L Sabo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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31
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Bertrand D, Lee CHL, Flood D, Marger F, Donnelly-Roberts D. Therapeutic Potential of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:1025-73. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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32
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Hu S, Cui W, Mak S, Xu D, Hu Y, Tang J, Choi C, Lee M, Pang Y, Han Y. Substantial Neuroprotective and Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Activities by Bis(propyl)-cognitin via the Activation of Alpha7-nAChR, a Promising Anti-Alzheimer's Dimer. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1536-45. [PMID: 26147504 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be ascribed to the progressive loss of functional neurons in the brain, and hence, agents with neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities that allow for the replacement of lost neurons may have significant therapeutic value. In the current study, the neuroprotective and the neurite outgrowth-promoting activities and molecular mechanisms of bis(propyl)-cognitin (B3C), a multifunctional anti-AD dimer, were investigated. Briefly, B3C (24 h pretreatment) fully protected against glutamate-induced neuronal death in primary cerebellar granule neurons with an IC50 value of 0.08 μM. The neuroprotection of B3C could be abrogated by methyllycaconitine, a specific antagonist of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR). In addition, B3C significantly promoted neurite outgrowth in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons, as evidenced by the increase in the percentage of cells with extended neurites as well as the up-regulation of neuronal markers growth-associated protein-43 and β-III-tubulin. Furthermore, B3C rapidly upregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a critical signaling molecule in neurite outgrowth that is downstream of the α7-nAChR signal pathway. Specific inhibitors of ERK and α7-nAChR, but not those of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, blocked the neurite outgrowth as well as ERK activation in PC12 cells induced by B3C. Most importantly, genetic depletion of α7-nAChR significantly abolished B3C-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that B3C provided neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities through the activation of α7-nAChR, which offers a novel molecular insight into the potential application of B3C in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Hu
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shinghung Mak
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daping Xu
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Mayo
Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Chunglit Choi
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingyuen Lee
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuanping Pang
- Mayo
Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Yifan Han
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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33
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Smith DM, Fisher D, Blier P, Ilivitsky V, Knott V. The separate and combined effects of monoamine oxidase A inhibition and nicotine on the mismatch negativity event related potential. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 137:44-52. [PMID: 26226350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) auditory event-related potential (ERP) has been extensively studied as a potential biomarker for abnormal auditory processing in schizophrenia (SZ), a population which exhibits abnormally high smoking rates. The relationship between nicotinic activation and cognition in SZ may be related to underlying nicotinic and NMDA receptor dysfunction within the disease. However, transient cognitive improvements via smoking in patients may also result from monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, achieved through tobacco smoke. In 24 healthy non-smoking males, we investigated the separate and combined effects of nicotine and MAO-A inhibition via moclobemide (75mg) on the optimal-5 variation of the MMN paradigm. No significant drug effects were observed in our total sample, however, stratification of individuals into low (N=12) and high (N=12) baseline MMN amplitude groups revealed increases in duration MMN amplitude relative to placebo by nicotine, as well as moclobemide, but not after the combination of the two. Because previous research has shown there was no effect of monoamine modulation on MMN, this study shows an unexpected effect of moclobemide on duration MMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Smith
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Derek Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Pierre Blier
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Verner Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Koukouli F, Maskos U. The multiple roles of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in modulating glutamatergic systems in the normal and diseased nervous system. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26206184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play an important role in a variety of modulatory and regulatory processes including neurotransmitter release and synaptic transmission in various brain regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and the glutamatergic system participates in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Underpinning the importance of nAChRs, many studies demonstrated that nAChRs containing the α7 subunit facilitate glutamate release. Here, we review the currently available body of experimental evidence pertaining to α7 subunit containing nAChRs in their contribution to the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, and we highlight the role of α7 in synaptic plasticity, the morphological and functional maturation of the glutamatergic system and therefore its important contribution in the modulation of neural circuits of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Koukouli
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France.
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France.
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35
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Eikermann-Haerter K, Arbel-Ornath M, Yalcin N, Yu ES, Kuchibhotla KV, Yuzawa I, Hudry E, Willard CR, Climov M, Keles F, Belcher AM, Sengul B, Negro A, Rosen IA, Arreguin A, Ferrari MD, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Bacskai BJ, Ayata C. Abnormal synaptic Ca(2+) homeostasis and morphology in cortical neurons of familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutant mice. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:193-210. [PMID: 26032020 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migraine is among the most common and debilitating neurological conditions. Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), a monogenic migraine subtype, is caused by gain-of-function of voltage-gated CaV 2.1 calcium channels. FHM1 mice carry human pathogenic mutations in the α1A subunit of CaV 2.1 channels and are highly susceptible to cortical spreading depression (CSD), the electrophysiologic event underlying migraine aura. To date, however, the mechanism underlying increased CSD/migraine susceptibility remains unclear. METHODS We employed in vivo multiphoton microscopy of the genetically encoded Ca(2+)-indicator yellow cameleon to investigate synaptic morphology and [Ca(2+)]i in FHM1 mice. To study CSD-induced cerebral oligemia, we used in vivo laser speckle flowmetry and multimodal imaging. With electrophysiologic recordings, we investigated the effect of the CaV 2.1 gating modifier tert-butyl dihydroquinone on CSD in vivo. RESULTS FHM1 mutations elevate neuronal [Ca(2+)]i and alter synaptic morphology as a mechanism for enhanced CSD susceptibility that we were able to normalize with a CaV 2.1 gating modifier in hyperexcitable FHM1 mice. At the synaptic level, axonal boutons were larger, and dendritic spines were predominantly of the mushroom type, which both provide a structural correlate for enhanced neuronal excitability. Resting neuronal [Ca(2+)]i was elevated in FHM1, with loss of compartmentalization between synapses and neuronal shafts. The percentage of calcium-overloaded neurons was increased. Neuronal [Ca(2+)]i surge during CSD was faster and larger, and post-CSD oligemia and hemoglobin desaturation were more severe in FHM1 brains. INTERPRETATION Our findings provide a mechanism for enhanced CSD susceptibility in hemiplegic migraine. Abnormal synaptic Ca(2+) homeostasis and morphology may contribute to chronic neurodegenerative changes as well as enhanced vulnerability to ischemia in migraineurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Eikermann-Haerter
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Michal Arbel-Ornath
- Alzheimer Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Nilufer Yalcin
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Esther S Yu
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Kishore V Kuchibhotla
- Alzheimer Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Izumi Yuzawa
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Eloise Hudry
- Alzheimer Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Carli R Willard
- Alzheimer Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Mihail Climov
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Fatmagul Keles
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Arianna M Belcher
- Alzheimer Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Buse Sengul
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Andrea Negro
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Isaac A Rosen
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Andrea Arreguin
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Michel D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Alzheimer Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA.,Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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36
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Marchi M, Grilli M, Pittaluga AM. Nicotinic modulation of glutamate receptor function at nerve terminal level: a fine-tuning of synaptic signals. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:89. [PMID: 25972809 PMCID: PMC4413670 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on a specific interaction occurring between the nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) and the glutamatergic receptors (GluRs) at the nerve endings level. We have employed synaptosomes in superfusion and supplemented and integrated our findings with data obtained using techniques from molecular biology and immuno-cytochemistry, and the assessment of receptor trafficking. In particular, we characterize the following: (1) the direct and unequivocal localization of native α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptors on specific nerve terminals, (2) their pharmacological characterization and functional co-localization with nAChRs on the same nerve endings, and (3) the existence of synergistic or antagonistic interactions among them. Indeed, in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAc), the function of some AMPA and NMDA receptors present on the dopaminergic and glutamatergic nerve terminals can be regulated negatively or positively in response to a brief activation of nAChRs. This effect occurs rapidly and involves the trafficking of AMPA and NMDA receptors. The event takes place also at very low concentrations of nicotine and involves the activation of several nAChRs subtypes. This dynamic control by cholinergic nicotinic system of glutamatergic NMDA and AMPA receptors might therefore represent an important neuronal presynaptic adaptation associated with nicotine administration. The understanding of the role of these nicotine-induced functional changes might open new and interesting perspectives both in terms of explaining the mechanisms that underlie some of the effects of nicotine addiction and in the development of new drugs for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna M Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
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37
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Henderson Z, Wang X, Zhang X, Song J, Lu C. The modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the neuronal network oscillations in rat hippocampal CA3 area. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9493. [PMID: 25810076 PMCID: PMC4374140 DOI: 10.1038/srep09493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γ oscillations are associated with higher brain functions such as memory, perception and consciousness. Disruption of γ oscillations occur in various neuro-psychological disorders such as schizophrenia. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are highly expressed in the hippocampus, however, little is known about the role on hippocampal persistent γ oscillation. This study examined the effects of nicotine and selective nAChR agonists and antagonists on kainate-induced persistent γ oscillation in rat hippocampal slices. Nicotine enhanced γ oscillation at concentrations of 0.1–10 μM, but reduced it at a higher concentration of 100 μM. The enhancement on γ oscillation can be best mimicked by co-application of α4β2- and α7- nAChR agonist and reduced by a combination of nAChR antagonists, DhβE and MLA. However, these nAChR antagonists failed to block the suppressing role of nicotine on γ. Furthermore, we found that the NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 completely blocked the effect of nicotine. These results demonstrate that nicotine modulates γ oscillations via α7 and α4β2 nAChR as well as NMDA activation, suggesting that nAChR activation may have a therapeutic role for the clinical disorder such as schizophrenia, which is known to have impaired γ oscillation and hypo-NMDA receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Henan PR. China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Henan PR. China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Henan PR. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Henan PR. China
| | - Zaineb Henderson
- Institute of Membrane and System Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Henan PR. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Henan PR. China
| | - Jinggui Song
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- 1] Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Henan PR. China [2] Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
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38
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Oda A, Tanaka H. Activities of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate neurotransmission and synaptic architecture. Neural Regen Res 2015; 9:2128-31. [PMID: 25657733 PMCID: PMC4316445 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.147943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system is involved in a broad spectrum of brain function, and its failure has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Acetylcholine transduces signals through muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, both of which influence synaptic plasticity and cognition. However, the mechanisms that relate the rapid gating of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to persistent changes in brain function have remained elusive. Recent evidence indicates that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors activities affect synaptic morphology and density, which result in persistent rearrangements of neural connectivity. Further investigations of the relationships between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rearrangements of neural circuitry in the central nervous system may help understand the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Oda
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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39
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Shen J, Wu J. Nicotinic Cholinergic Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:275-92. [PMID: 26472533 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by increased accumulation of Aβ and degeneration of cholinergic signaling between basal forebrain and hippocampus. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are important mediators of cholinergic signaling in modulation of learning and memory function. Accumulating lines of evidence indicate that a nAChR subtype, α7 receptor (α7-nAChR), plays an important role in modulations of excitatory neurotransmitter release, improvement of learning and memory ability, and enhancement of cognitive function. Importantly, the expression and function of α7-nAChRs is altered in the brain of AD animal models and AD patients, suggesting that this nAChR subtype participates in AD pathogenesis and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for AD treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of α7-nAChRs in AD pathogenesis are very complex, and either neuroprotective effects or neurotoxic effects may occur through the α7-nAChRs. These effects depend on the levels of α7-nAChR expression and function, disease stages, or the use of α7-nAChR agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators. In this chapter, we summarize recent progresses in the roles of α7-nAChRs played in AD pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix Arizona, USA.
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Zappettini S, Grilli M, Olivero G, Chen J, Padolecchia C, Pittaluga A, Tomé AR, Cunha RA, Marchi M. Nicotinic α7 receptor activation selectively potentiates the function of NMDA receptors in glutamatergic terminals of the nucleus accumbens. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:332. [PMID: 25360085 PMCID: PMC4199379 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We here provide functional and immunocytochemical evidence supporting the co-localization and functional interaction between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) in glutamatergic terminals of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Immunocytochemical studies showed that a significant percentage of NAc terminals were glutamatergic and possessed GluN1 and α7-containing nAChR. A short-term pre-exposure of synaptosomes to nicotine (30 µM) or choline (1 mM) caused a significant potentiation of the 100 µM NMDA-evoked [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp) outflow, which was prevented by α-bungarotoxin (100 nM). The pre-exposure to nicotine (100 µM) or choline (1 mM) also enhanced the NMDA-induced cytosolic free calcium levels, as measured by FURA-2 fluorescence imaging in individual NAc terminals, an effect also prevented by α-bungarotoxin. Pre-exposure to the α4-nAChR agonists 5IA85380 (10 nM) or RJR2429 (1 µM) did not modify NMDA-evoked ([3H]D-Asp) outflow and calcium transients. The NMDA-evoked ([3H]D-Asp) overflow was partially antagonized by the NMDAR antagonists MK801, D-AP5, 5,7-DCKA and R(-)CPP and unaffected by the GluN2B-NMDAR antagonists Ro256981 and ifenprodil. Notably, pre-treatment with choline increased GluN2A biotin-tagged proteins. In conclusion, our results show that the GluN2A-NMDA receptor function can be positively regulated in NAc terminals in response to a brief incubation with α7 but not α4 nAChRs agonists. This might be a general feature in different brain areas since a similar nAChR-mediated bolstering of NMDA-induced ([3H]D-Asp) overflow was also observed in hippocampal synaptosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zappettini
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Inserm UMR1106, Aix Marseille Université La Timone Marseille, France
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano Genoa, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
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Lin H, Hsu FC, Baumann BH, Coulter DA, Anderson SA, Lynch DR. Cortical parvalbumin GABAergic deficits with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor deletion: implications for schizophrenia. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 61:163-75. [PMID: 24983521 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of cortical parvalbumin (PV)-containing GABAergic interneurons has been implicated in cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. In humans microdeletion of the CHRNA7 (α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChR) gene is associated with cortical dysfunction in a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia while in mice similar deletion causes analogous abnormalities including impaired attention, working-memory and learning. However, the pathophysiological roles of α7 nAChRs in cortical PV GABAergic development remain largely uncharacterized. In both in vivo and in vitro models, we identify here that deletion of the α7 nAChR gene in mice impairs cortical PV GABAergic development and recapitulates many of the characteristic neurochemical deficits in PV-positive GABAergic interneurons found in schizophrenia. α7 nAChR null mice had decreased cortical levels of GABAergic markers including PV, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD65/67) and the α1 subunit of GABAA receptors, particularly reductions of PV and GAD67 levels in cortical PV-positive interneurons during late postnatal life and adulthood. Cortical GABAergic synaptic deficits were identified in the prefrontal cortex of α7 nAChR null mice and α7 nAChR null cortical cultures. Similar disruptions in development of PV-positive GABAergic interneurons and perisomatic synapses were found in cortical cultures lacking α7 nAChRs. Moreover, NMDA receptor expression was reduced in GABAergic interneurons, implicating NMDA receptor hypofunction in GABAergic deficits in α7 nAChR null mice. Our findings thus demonstrate impaired cortical PV GABAergic development and multiple characteristic neurochemical deficits reminiscent of schizophrenia in cortical PV-positive interneurons in α7 nAChR gene deletion models. This implicates crucial roles of α7 nAChRs in cortical PV GABAergic development and dysfunction in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Fu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Bailey H Baumann
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Douglas A Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Child Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David R Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Ma L, Turner D, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang M, Shen J, Zhang S, Wu J. Deficits of synaptic functions in hippocampal slices prepared from aged mice null α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neurosci Lett 2014; 570:97-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Molas S, Dierssen M. The role of nicotinic receptors in shaping and functioning of the glutamatergic system: a window into cognitive pathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:315-25. [PMID: 24879992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the cholinergic system in learning, memory and attention has long been recognized, although its neurobiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent evidence identifies the endogenous cholinergic signaling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as key players in determining the morphological and functional maturation of the glutamatergic system. Here, we review the available experimental and clinical evidence of nAChRs contribution to the establishment of the glutamatergic system, and therefore to cognitive function. We provide some clues of the putative underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss recent human studies that associate genetic variability of the genes encoding nAChR subunits with cognitive disorders. Finally, we discuss the new avenues to therapeutically targeting nAChRs in persons with cognitive dysfunction for which the α7-nAChR subunit is an important etiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Molas
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona E-08003, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona E-08003, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona E-08003, Spain.
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CHRNA7 triplication associated with cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric phenotypes in a three-generation pedigree. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1071-6. [PMID: 24424125 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although deletions of CHRNA7 have been associated with intellectual disability (ID), seizures and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, the pathogenicity of CHRNA7 duplications has been uncertain. We present the first report of CHRNA7 triplication. Three generations of a family affected with various neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including anxiety, bipolar disorder, developmental delay and ID, were studied with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). High-resolution aCGH revealed a 650-kb triplication at chromosome 15q13.3 encompassing the CHRNA7 gene, which encodes the alpha7 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. A small duplication precedes the triplication at the proximal breakpoint junction, and analysis of the breakpoint indicates that the triplicated segment is in an inverted orientation with respect to the duplication. CHRNA7 triplication appears to occur by a replication-based mechanism that produces inverted triplications embedded within duplications. Co-segregation of the CHRNA7 triplication with neuropsychiatric and cognitive phenotypes provides further evidence for dosage sensitivity of CHRNA7.
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Salamone A, Zappettini S, Grilli M, Olivero G, Agostinho P, Tomé AR, Chen J, Pittaluga A, Cunha RA, Marchi M. Prolonged nicotine exposure down-regulates presynaptic NMDA receptors in dopaminergic terminals of the rat nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2013; 79:488-97. [PMID: 24373903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The presynaptic control of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by glutamate and acetylcholine has a profound impact on reward signaling. Here we provide immunocytochemical and neurochemical evidence supporting the co-localization and functional interaction between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in dopaminergic terminals of the NAc. Most NAc dopaminergic terminals possessed the nAChR α4 subunit and the pre-exposure of synaptosomes to nicotine (30 μM) or to the α4β2-containing nAChR agonist 5IA85380 (10 nM) selectively inhibited the NMDA (100 μM)-evoked, but not the 4-aminopyridine (10 μM)-evoked, [(3)H] dopamine outflow; this inhibition was blunted by mecamylamine (10 μM). Nicotine and 5IA85380 pretreatment also inhibited the NMDA (100 μM)-evoked increase of calcium levels in single nerve terminals, an effect prevented by dihydro-β-erythroidine (1 μM). This supports a functional interaction between α4β2-containing nAChR and NMDA receptors within the same terminal, as supported by the immunocytochemical co-localization of α4 and GluN1 subunits in individual NAc dopaminergic terminals. The NMDA-evoked [(3)H]dopamine outflow was blocked by MK801 (1 μM) and inhibited by the selective GluN2B-selective antagonists ifenprodil (1 μM) and RO 25-6981 (1 μM), but not by the GluN2A-preferring antagonists CPP-19755 (1 μM) and ZnCl2 (1 nM). Notably, nicotine pretreatment significantly decreased the density of biotin-tagged GluN2B proteins in NAc synaptosomes. These results show that nAChRs dynamically and negatively regulate NMDA receptors in NAc dopaminergic terminals through the internalization of GluN2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jiayang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy.
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Todd J, Harms L, Schall U, Michie PT. Mismatch negativity: translating the potential. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:171. [PMID: 24391602 PMCID: PMC3866657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential has become a valuable tool in cognitive neuroscience. Its reduced size in persons with schizophrenia is of unknown origin but theories proposed include links to problems in experience-dependent plasticity reliant on N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors. In this review we address the utility of this tool in revealing the nature and time course of problems in perceptual inference in this illness together with its potential for use in translational research testing animal models of schizophrenia-related phenotypes. Specifically, we review the reasons for interest in MMN in schizophrenia, issues pertaining to the measurement of MMN, its use as a vulnerability index for the development of schizophrenia, the pharmacological sensitivity of MMN and the progress in developing animal models of MMN. Within this process we highlight the challenges posed by knowledge gaps pertaining to the tool and the pharmacology of the underlying system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren Harms
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Cortical synaptic NMDA receptor deficits in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene deletion models: implications for neuropsychiatric diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 63:129-40. [PMID: 24326163 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microdeletion of the human CHRNA7 gene (α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChR) as well as dysfunction in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been associated with cortical dysfunction in a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. However, the pathophysiological roles of synaptic vs. extrasynaptic NMDARs and their interactions with α7 nAChRs in cortical dysfunction remain largely uncharacterized. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that α7 nAChR gene deletion leads to specific loss of synaptic NMDARs and their coagonist, d-serine, as well as glutamatergic synaptic deficits in mouse cortex. α7 nAChR null mice had decreased cortical NMDAR expression and glutamatergic synapse formation during postnatal development. Similar reductions in NMDAR expression and glutamatergic synapse formation were revealed in cortical cultures lacking α7 nAChRs. Interestingly, synaptic, but not extrasynaptic, NMDAR currents were specifically diminished in cultured cortical pyramidal neurons as well as in acute prefrontal cortical slices of α7 nAChR null mice. Moreover, d-serine responsive synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents and levels of the d-serine synthetic enzyme serine racemase were both reduced in α7 nAChR null cortical pyramidal neurons. Our findings thus identify specific loss of synaptic NMDARs and their coagonist, d-serine, as well as glutamatergic synaptic deficits in α7 nAChR gene deletion models of cortical dysfunction, thereby implicating α7 nAChR-mediated control of synaptic NMDARs and serine racemase/d-serine pathways in cortical dysfunction underlying many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly those associated with deletion of human CHRNA7.
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Zhang L, Xie JW, Yang J, Cao YP. Tyrosine phosphatase STEP61negatively regulates amyloid β-mediated ERK/CREB signaling pathways via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1581-90. [PMID: 24123152 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wei Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Basic Research; Liaoning Medical College; Jinzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Cao
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
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Kamat PK, Rai S, Nath C. Okadaic acid induced neurotoxicity: An emerging tool to study Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurotoxicology 2013; 37:163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are required for experience-driven plasticity during formative periods of brain development and are critical for neurotransmission throughout postnatal life. Most NMDAR functions have been ascribed to postsynaptic sites of action, but there is now an appreciation that presynaptic NMDARs (preNMDARs) can modulate neurotransmitter release in many brain regions, including the neocortex. Despite these advances, the cellular mechanisms by which preNMDARs can affect neurotransmitter release are largely unknown. Here we interrogated preNMDAR functions pharmacologically to determine how these receptors promote spontaneous neurotransmitter release in mouse primary visual cortex. Our results provide three new insights into the mechanisms by which preNMDARs can function. First, preNMDARs can enhance spontaneous neurotransmitter release tonically with minimal extracellular Ca(2+) or with major sources of intracellular Ca(2+) blocked. Second, lowering extracellular Na(+) levels reduces the contribution of preNMDARs to spontaneous transmitter release significantly. Third, preNMDAR enhance transmitter release in part through protein kinase C signaling. These data demonstrate that preNMDARs can act through novel pathways to promote neurotransmitter release in the absence of action potentials.
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