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Wei Z, Su L, Gao S. The roles of ubiquitination in AML. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:3413-3428. [PMID: 37603061 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneously malignant disorder resulting in poor prognosis. Ubiquitination, a major post-translational modification (PTM), plays an essential role in regulating various cellular processes and determining cell fate. Despite these initial insights, the precise role of ubiquitination in AML pathogenesis and treatment remains largely unknown. In order to address this knowledge gap, we explore the relationship between ubiquitination and AML from the perspectives of signal transduction, cell differentiation, and cell cycle control; and try to find out how this relationship can be utilized to inform new therapeutic strategies for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Long Su
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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2
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Zutshi N, Mohapatra BC, Mondal P, An W, Goetz BT, Wang S, Li S, Storck MD, Mercer DF, Black AR, Thayer SP, Black JD, Lin C, Band V, Band H. Cbl and Cbl-b ubiquitin ligases are essential for intestinal epithelial stem cell maintenance. iScience 2024; 27:109912. [PMID: 38974465 PMCID: PMC11225835 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control stem cell maintenance vs. differentiation decisions. Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) family ubiquitin ligases are negative regulators of RTKs, but their stem cell regulatory roles remain unclear. Here, we show that Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell (ISC)-specific inducible Cbl-knockout (KO) on a Cblb null mouse background (iDKO) induced rapid loss of the Lgr5 Hi ISCs with transient expansion of the Lgr5 Lo transit-amplifying population. LacZ-based lineage tracing revealed increased ISC commitment toward enterocyte and goblet cell fate at the expense of Paneth cells. Functionally, Cbl/Cblb iDKO impaired the recovery from radiation-induced intestinal epithelial injury. In vitro, Cbl/Cblb iDKO led to inability to maintain intestinal organoids. Single-cell RNA sequencing in organoids identified Akt-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway hyperactivation upon iDKO, and pharmacological Akt-mTOR axis inhibition rescued the iDKO defects. Our results demonstrate a requirement for Cbl/Cblb in the maintenance of ISCs by fine-tuning the Akt-mTOR axis to balance stem cell maintenance vs. commitment to differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Zutshi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal C. Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pinaki Mondal
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sicong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew D. Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David F. Mercer
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Adrian R. Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sarah P. Thayer
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jennifer D. Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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3
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Huang L, Thiex NW, Lou J, Ahmad G, An W, Low-Nam ST, Kerkvliet JG, Band H, Hoppe AD. The ubiquitin ligases Cbl and Cbl-b regulate macrophage growth by controlling CSF-1R import into macropinosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar38. [PMID: 38170572 PMCID: PMC10916879 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination of transmembrane receptors regulates endocytosis, intracellular traffic, and signal transduction. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from myeloid Cbl-/- and Cbl-b-/- double knockout (DKO) mice display sustained proliferation mirroring the myeloproliferative disease that these mice succumb to. Here, we found that the ubiquitin ligases Cbl and Cbl-b have overlapping functions for controlling the endocytosis and intracellular traffic of the CSF-1R. DKO macrophages displayed complete loss of ubiquitination of the CSF-1R whereas partial ubiquitination was observed for either single Cbl-/- or Cbl-b-/- macrophages. Unlike wild type, DKO macrophages were immortal and displayed slower CSF-1R internalization, elevated AKT signaling, and a failure to transport the CSF-1R into the lumen of nascent macropinosomes, leaving its cytoplasmic region available for signaling. CSF-1R degradation depended upon lysosomal vATPase activity in both WT and DKO macrophages, with this degradation confined to macropinosomes in WT but occurring in distributed/tubular lysosomes in DKO cells. RNA-sequencing comparison of Cbl-/-, Cbl-b-/- and DKO macrophages indicated that while the overall macrophage transcriptional program remained intact, DKO macrophages had alterations in gene expression associated with growth factor signaling, cell cycle, inflammation and senescence. Cbl-b-/- had minimal effect on the transcriptional program whereas Cbl-/- led to more alternations but only DKO macrophages demonstrated substantial changes in the transcriptome, suggesting overlapping but unique functions for the two Cbl-family members. Thus, Cbl/Cbl-b-mediated ubiquitination of CSF-1R regulates its endocytic fate, constrains inflammatory gene expression, and regulates signaling for macrophage proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Natalie W. Thiex
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Gulzar Ahmad
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Shalini T. Low-Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Jason G. Kerkvliet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Adam D. Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
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4
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Chen H, Bai Y, Kobayashi M, Xiao S, Barajas S, Cai W, Chen S, Miao J, Meke FN, Yao C, Yang Y, Strube K, Satchivi O, Sun J, Rönnstrand L, Croop JM, Boswell HS, Jia Y, Liu H, Li LS, Altman JK, Eklund EA, Sukhanova M, Ji P, Tong W, Band H, Huang DT, Platanias LC, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. PRL2 Phosphatase Promotes Oncogenic KIT Signaling in Leukemia Cells through Modulating CBL Phosphorylation. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:94-103. [PMID: 37756563 PMCID: PMC10841656 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase KIT is frequently activated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While high PRL2 (PTP4A2) expression is correlated with activation of SCF/KIT signaling in AML, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We discovered that inhibition of PRL2 significantly reduces the burden of oncogenic KIT-driven leukemia and extends leukemic mice survival. PRL2 enhances oncogenic KIT signaling in leukemia cells, promoting their proliferation and survival. We found that PRL2 dephosphorylates CBL at tyrosine 371 and inhibits its activity toward KIT, leading to decreased KIT ubiquitination and enhanced AKT and ERK signaling in leukemia cells. IMPLICATIONS Our studies uncover a novel mechanism that fine-tunes oncogenic KIT signaling in leukemia cells and will likely identify PRL2 as a novel therapeutic target in AML with KIT mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Sergio Barajas
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Wenjie Cai
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Frederick Nguele Meke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Chonghua Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Katherine Strube
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Odelia Satchivi
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - James M. Croop
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - H. Scott Boswell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Loretta S. Li
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica K. Altman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Eklund
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Peng Ji
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hamid Band
- Department of Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Danny T. Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
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5
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Zutshi N, Mohapatra BC, Mondal P, An W, Goetz BT, Wang S, Li S, Storck MD, Mercer DF, Black AR, Thayer SP, Black JD, Lin C, Band V, Band H. Cbl and Cbl-b Ubiquitin Ligases are Essential for Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cell Maintenance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541154. [PMID: 37292716 PMCID: PMC10245689 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the signaling pathways that control the stem cell self-renewal and maintenance vs. acquisition of differentiated cell fates, those mediated by receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation are well established as key players. CBL family ubiquitin ligases are negative regulators of RTKs but their physiological roles in regulating stem cell behaviors are unclear. While hematopoietic Cbl/Cblb knockout (KO) leads to a myeloproliferative disease due to expansion and reduced quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells, mammary epithelial KO led to stunted mammary gland development due to mammary stem cell depletion. Here, we examined the impact of inducible Cbl/Cblb double-KO (iDKO) selectively in the Lgr5-defined intestinal stem cell (ISC) compartment. Cbl/Cblb iDKO led to rapid loss of the Lgr5 Hi ISC pool with a concomitant transient expansion of the Lgr5 Lo transit amplifying population. LacZ reporter-based lineage tracing showed increased ISC commitment to differentiation, with propensity towards enterocyte and goblet cell fate at the expense of Paneth cells. Functionally, Cbl/Cblb iDKO impaired the recovery from radiation-induced intestinal epithelial injury. In vitro , Cbl/Cblb iDKO led to inability to maintain intestinal organoids. Single cell RNAseq analysis of organoids revealed Akt-mTOR pathway hyperactivation in iDKO ISCs and progeny cells, and pharmacological inhibition of the Akt-mTOR axis rescued the organoid maintenance and propagation defects. Our results demonstrate a requirement for Cbl/Cblb in the maintenance of ISCs by fine tuning the Akt-mTOR axis to balance stem cell maintenance vs. commitment to differentiation.
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Chen H, Bai Y, Kobayashi M, Xiao S, Cai W, Barajas S, Chen S, Miao J, Meke FN, Vemula S, Ropa JP, Croop JM, Boswell HS, Wan J, Jia Y, Liu H, Li LS, Altman JK, Eklund EA, Ji P, Tong W, Band H, Huang DT, Platanias LC, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. PRL2 phosphatase enhances oncogenic FLT3 signaling via dephosphorylation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL at tyrosine 371. Blood 2023; 141:244-259. [PMID: 36206490 PMCID: PMC9936309 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with poor prognosis. FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 (FLT3) is one of the major oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases aberrantly activated in AML. Although protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL2 is highly expressed in some subtypes of AML compared with normal human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, the mechanisms by which PRL2 promotes leukemogenesis are largely unknown. We discovered that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PRL2 significantly reduce the burden of FLT3-internal tandem duplications-driven leukemia and extend the survival of leukemic mice. Furthermore, we found that PRL2 enhances oncogenic FLT3 signaling in leukemia cells, promoting their proliferation and survival. Mechanistically, PRL2 dephosphorylates the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL at tyrosine 371 and attenuates CBL-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of FLT3, leading to enhanced FLT3 signaling in leukemia cells. Thus, our study reveals that PRL2 enhances oncogenic FLT3 signaling in leukemia cells through dephosphorylation of CBL and will likely establish PRL2 as a novel druggable target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Wenjie Cai
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sergio Barajas
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Frederick Nguele Meke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Sasidhar Vemula
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James P. Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James M. Croop
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - H. Scott Boswell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Loretta S. Li
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jessica K. Altman
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth A. Eklund
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Peng Ji
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Wei Tong
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hamid Band
- Department of Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB
| | - Danny T. Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
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Spevak CC, Elias HK, Kannan L, Ali MAE, Martin GH, Selvaraj S, Eng WS, Ernlund A, Rajasekhar VK, Woolthuis CM, Zhao G, Ha CJ, Schneider RJ, Park CY. Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Exhibit Stage-Specific Translational Programs via mTOR- and CDK1-Dependent Mechanisms. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 26:755-765.e7. [PMID: 32386556 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) require highly regulated rates of protein synthesis, but it is unclear if they or lineage-committed progenitors preferentially recruit transcripts to translating ribosomes. We utilized polysome profiling, RNA sequencing, and whole-proteomic approaches to examine the translatome in LSK (Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+) and myeloid progenitor (MP; Lin-Sca-1-c-Kit+) cells. Our studies show that LSKs exhibit low global translation but high translational efficiencies (TEs) of mRNAs required for HSC maintenance. In contrast, MPs activate translation in an mTOR-independent manner due, at least in part, to proteasomal degradation of mTOR by the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl. In the near absence of mTOR, CDK1 activates eIF4E-dependent translation in MPs through phosphorylation of 4E-BP1. Aberrant activation of mTOR expression and signaling in c-Cbl-deficient MPs results in increased mature myeloid lineage output. Overall, our data demonstrate that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergo translational reprogramming mediated by previously uncharacterized mechanisms of translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Spevak
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Harold K Elias
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lavanya Kannan
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mohamed A E Ali
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gaëlle H Martin
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - William S Eng
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amanda Ernlund
- Department of Microbiology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vinagolu K Rajasekhar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carolien M Woolthuis
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Guangjie Zhao
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Caryn J Ha
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert J Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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8
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CBL mutations drive PI3K/AKT signaling via increased interaction with LYN and PIK3R1. Blood 2021; 137:2209-2220. [PMID: 33512474 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase and signaling adaptor that regulates receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Recurrent CBL mutations occur in myeloid neoplasms, including 10% to 20% of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) cases, and selectively disrupt the protein's E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. CBL mutations have been associated with poor prognosis, but the oncogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications of CBL mutations remain incompletely understood. We combined functional assays and global mass spectrometry to define the phosphoproteome, CBL interactome, and mechanism of signaling activation in a panel of cell lines expressing an allelic series of CBL mutations. Our analyses revealed that increased LYN activation and interaction with mutant CBL are key drivers of enhanced CBL phosphorylation, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) recruitment, and downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in CBL-mutant cells. Signaling adaptor domains of CBL, including the tyrosine kinase-binding domain, proline-rich region, and C-terminal phosphotyrosine sites, were all required for the oncogenic function of CBL mutants. Genetic ablation or dasatinib-mediated inhibition of LYN reduced CBL phosphorylation, CBL-PIK3R1 interaction, and PI3K/AKT signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative efficacy of dasatinib in CBL-mutant cell lines and primary CMML. Overall, these mechanistic insights into the molecular function of CBL mutations provide rationale to explore the therapeutic potential of LYN inhibition in CBL-mutant myeloid malignancies.
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9
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Sui Z, Sun H, Weng Y, Zhang X, Sun M, Sun R, Zhao B, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang L. Quantitative proteomics analysis of deer antlerogenic periosteal cells reveals potential bioactive factors in velvet antlers. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Baloghova N, Lidak T, Cermak L. Ubiquitin Ligases Involved in the Regulation of Wnt, TGF-β, and Notch Signaling Pathways and Their Roles in Mouse Development and Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100815. [PMID: 31623112 PMCID: PMC6826584 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt, TGF-β, and Notch signaling pathways are essential for the regulation of cellular polarity, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Differential activation and mutual crosstalk of these pathways during animal development are crucial instructive forces in the initiation of the body axis and the development of organs and tissues. Due to the ability to initiate cell proliferation, these pathways are vulnerable to somatic mutations selectively producing cells, which ultimately slip through cellular and organismal checkpoints and develop into cancer. The architecture of the Wnt, TGF-β, and Notch signaling pathways is simple. The transmembrane receptor, activated by the extracellular stimulus, induces nuclear translocation of the transcription factor, which subsequently changes the expression of target genes. Nevertheless, these pathways are regulated by a myriad of factors involved in various feedback mechanisms or crosstalk. The most prominent group of regulators is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). To open the door to UPS-based therapeutic manipulations, a thorough understanding of these regulations at a molecular level and rigorous confirmation in vivo are required. In this quest, mouse models are exceptional and, thanks to the progress in genetic engineering, also an accessible tool. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of how the UPS regulates the Wnt, TGF-β, and Notch pathways and we summarized the knowledge gained from related mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Baloghova
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Lidak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Cermak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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11
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Goetz B, An W, Mohapatra B, Zutshi N, Iseka F, Storck MD, Meza J, Sheinin Y, Band V, Band H. A novel CBL-Bflox/flox mouse model allows tissue-selective fully conditional CBL/CBL-B double-knockout: CD4-Cre mediated CBL/CBL-B deletion occurs in both T-cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51107-51123. [PMID: 27276677 PMCID: PMC5239462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CBL-family ubiquitin ligases are critical negative regulators of tyrosine kinase signaling, with a clear redundancy between CBL and CBL-B evident in the immune cell and hematopoietic stem cell studies. Since CBL and CBL-B are negative regulators of immune cell activation, elimination of their function to boost immune cell activities could be beneficial in tumor immunotherapy. However, mutations of CBL are associated with human leukemias, pointing to tumor suppressor roles of CBL proteins; hence, it is critical to assess the tumor-intrinsic roles of CBL and CBL-B in cancers. This has not been possible since the only available whole-body CBL-B knockout mice exhibit constitutive tumor rejection. We engineered a new CBL-Bflox/flox mouse, combined this with an existing CBLflox/flox mouse to generate CBLflox/flox; CBL-Bflox/flox mice, and tested the tissue-specific concurrent deletion of CBL and CBL-B using the widely-used CD4-Cre transgenic allele to produce a T-cell-specific double knockout. Altered T-cell development, constitutive peripheral T-cell activation, and a lethal multi-organ immune infiltration phenotype largely resembling the previous Lck-Cre driven floxed-CBL deletion on a CBL-B knockout background establish the usefulness of the new model for tissue-specific CBL/CBL-B deletion. Unexpectedly, CD4-Cre-induced deletion in a small fraction of hematopoietic stem cells led to expansion of certain non-T-cell lineages, suggesting caution in the use of CD4-Cre for T-cell-restricted gene deletion. The establishment of a new model of concurrent tissue-selective CBL/CBL-B deletion should allow a clear assessment of the tumor-intrinsic roles of CBL/CBL-B in non-myeloid malignancies and help test the potential for CBL/CBL-B inactivation in immunotherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neha Zutshi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Fany Iseka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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12
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An W, Mohapatra BC, Zutshi N, Bielecki TA, Goez BT, Luan H, Iseka F, Mushtaq I, Storck MD, Band V, Band H. VAV1-Cre mediated hematopoietic deletion of CBL and CBL-B leads to JMML-like aggressive early-neonatal myeloproliferative disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59006-59016. [PMID: 27449297 PMCID: PMC5312291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CBL and CBL-B ubiquitin ligases play key roles in hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis and their aberrations are linked to leukemogenesis. Mutations of CBL, often genetically-inherited, are particularly common in Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML), a disease that manifests early in children. JMML is fatal unless corrected by bone marrow transplant, which is effective in only half of the recipients, stressing the need for animal models that recapitulate the key clinical features of this disease. However, mouse models established so far only develop hematological malignancy in adult animals. Here, using VAV1-Cre-induced conditional CBL/CBL-B double knockout (DKO) in mice, we established an animal model that exhibits a neonatal myeloproliferative disease (MPD). VAV1-Cre induced DKO mice developed a strong hematological phenotype at postnatal day 10, including severe leukocytosis and hepatomegaly, bone marrow cell hypersensitivity to cytokines including GM-CSF, and rapidly-progressive disease and invariable lethality. Interestingly, leukemic stem cells were most highly enriched in neonatal liver rather than bone marrow, which, along with the spleen and thymus, were hypo-cellular. Nonetheless, transplantation assays showed that both DKO bone marrow and liver cells can initiate leukemic disease in the recipient mice with seeding of both spleen and bone marrow. Together, our results support the usefulness of the new hematopoietic-specific CBL/CBL-B double KO animal model to study JMML-related pathogenesis and to further understand the function of CBL family proteins in regulating fetal and neonatal hematopoiesis. To our knowledge, this is the first mouse model that exhibits neonatal MPD in infancy, by day 10 of postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neha Zutshi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Timothy A Bielecki
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benjamin T Goez
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Haitao Luan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Fany Iseka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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13
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Lv K, Jiang J, Donaghy R, Riling CR, Cheng Y, Chandra V, Rozenova K, An W, Mohapatra BC, Goetz BT, Pillai V, Han X, Todd EA, Jeschke GR, Langdon WY, Kumar S, Hexner EO, Band H, Tong W. CBL family E3 ubiquitin ligases control JAK2 ubiquitination and stability in hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid malignancies. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1007-1023. [PMID: 28611190 PMCID: PMC5495118 DOI: 10.1101/gad.297135.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, Lv et al. report that the CBL family E3 ubiquitin ligases down-regulate JAK2 stability and signaling via the adaptor protein LNK/SH2B3. Their results reveal a novel signaling axis that regulates JAK2 in normal and malignant HSPCs and suggest new therapeutic strategies for treating CBLmut myeloid malignancies. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a central kinase in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and its uncontrolled activation is a prominent oncogenic driver of hematopoietic neoplasms. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of JAK2 have remained elusive. Here we report that the Casitas B-cell lymphoma (CBL) family E3 ubiquitin ligases down-regulate JAK2 stability and signaling via the adaptor protein LNK/SH2B3. We demonstrated that depletion of CBL/CBL-B or LNK abrogated JAK2 ubiquitination, extended JAK2 half-life, and enhanced JAK2 signaling and cell growth in human cell lines as well as primary murine HSPCs. Built on these findings, we showed that JAK inhibitor (JAKi) significantly reduced aberrant HSPCs and mitigated leukemia development in a mouse model of aggressive myeloid leukemia driven by loss of Cbl and Cbl-b. Importantly, primary human CBL mutated (CBLmut) leukemias exhibited increased JAK2 protein levels and signaling and were hypersensitive to JAKi. Loss-of-function mutations in CBL E3 ubiquitin ligases are found in a wide range of myeloid malignancies, which are diseases without effective treatment options. Hence, our studies reveal a novel signaling axis that regulates JAK2 in normal and malignant HSPCs and suggest new therapeutic strategies for treating CBLmut myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ryan Donaghy
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Krasimira Rozenova
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Benjamin T Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Emily A Todd
- Progenra, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA
| | - Grace R Jeschke
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Progenra, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Hexner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 6819, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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14
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Mohapatra B, Zutshi N, An W, Goetz B, Arya P, Bielecki TA, Mushtaq I, Storck MD, Meza JL, Band V, Band H. An essential role of CBL and CBL-B ubiquitin ligases in mammary stem cell maintenance. Development 2017; 144:1072-1086. [PMID: 28100467 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligases CBL and CBL-B are negative regulators of tyrosine kinase signaling with established roles in the immune system. However, their physiological roles in epithelial tissues are unknown. Here, we used MMTV-Cre-mediated Cbl gene deletion on a Cbl-b null background, as well as a tamoxifen-inducible mammary stem cell (MaSC)-specific Cbl and Cbl-b double knockout (Cbl/Cbl-b DKO) using Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2, to demonstrate a mammary epithelial cell-autonomous requirement of CBL and CBL-B in the maintenance of MaSCs. Using a newly engineered tamoxifen-inducible Cbl and Cbl-b deletion model with a dual fluorescent reporter (Cblflox/flox; Cbl-bflox/flox; Rosa26-CreERT; mT/mG), we show that Cbl/Cbl-b DKO in mammary organoids leads to hyperactivation of AKT-mTOR signaling with depletion of MaSCs. Chemical inhibition of AKT or mTOR rescued MaSCs from Cbl/Cbl-b DKO-induced depletion. Our studies reveal a novel, cell-autonomous requirement of CBL and CBL-B in epithelial stem cell maintenance during organ development and remodeling through modulation of mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neha Zutshi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benjamin Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Timothy A Bielecki
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jane L Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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15
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Nadeau SA, An W, Mohapatra BC, Mushtaq I, Bielecki TA, Luan H, Zutshi N, Ahmad G, Storck MD, Sanada M, Ogawa S, Band V, Band H. Structural Determinants of the Gain-of-Function Phenotype of Human Leukemia-associated Mutant CBL Oncogene. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3666-3682. [PMID: 28082680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the tyrosine kinase-directed ubiquitin ligase CBL cause myeloid leukemias, but the molecular determinants of the dominant leukemogenic activity of mutant CBL oncogenes are unclear. Here, we first define a gain-of-function attribute of the most common leukemia-associated CBL mutant, Y371H, by demonstrating its ability to increase proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from CBL-null and CBL/CBL-B-null mice. Next, we express second-site point/deletion mutants of CBL-Y371H in CBL/CBL-B-null HSPCs or the cytokine-dependent human leukemic cell line TF-1 to show that individual or combined Tyr → Phe mutations of established phosphotyrosine residues (Tyr-700, Tyr-731, and Tyr-774) had little impact on the activity of the CBL-Y371H mutant in HSPCs, and the triple Tyr → Phe mutant was only modestly impaired in TF-1 cells. In contrast, intact tyrosine kinase-binding (TKB) domain and proline-rich region (PRR) were critical in both cell models. PRR deletion reduced the stem cell factor (SCF)-induced hyper-phosphorylation of the CBL-Y371H mutant and the c-KIT receptor and eliminated the sustained p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT induction by SCF. GST fusion protein pulldowns followed by phospho-specific antibody array analysis identified distinct CBL TKB domains or PRR-binding proteins that are phosphorylated in CBL-Y371H-expressing TF-1 cells. Our results support a model of mutant CBL gain-of-function in which mutant CBL proteins effectively compete with the remaining wild type CBL-B and juxtapose TKB domain-associated PTKs with PRR-associated signaling proteins to hyper-activate signaling downstream of hematopoietic growth factor receptors. Elucidation of mutant CBL domains required for leukemogenesis should facilitate targeted therapy approaches for patients with mutant CBL-driven leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Nadeau
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
| | - Wei An
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, and
| | | | - Haitao Luan
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
| | - Neha Zutshi
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, and
| | - Gulzar Ahmad
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Matthew D Storck
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Masashi Sanada
- the Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- the Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Vimla Band
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases.,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy.,the Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 and
| | - Hamid Band
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, .,the Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, and.,the Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 and
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16
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Casitas B-cell lymphoma (Cbl) proteins protect mammary epithelial cells from proteotoxicity of active c-Src accumulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E8228-E8237. [PMID: 27930322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615677113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Casitas B-cell lymphoma (Cbl) family ubiquitin ligases negatively regulate tyrosine kinase-dependent signal transduction by promoting degradation of active kinases. We and others previously reported that loss of Cbl functions caused hyperproliferation in lymphoid and hematopoietic systems. Unexpectedly, Cbl deletion in Cbl-b-null, Cbl-c-null primary mouse mammary epithelial cells (MECs) (Cbl triple-deficiency) induced rapid cell death despite enhanced MAP kinase and AKT activation. Acute Cbl triple-deficiency elicited distinct transcriptional and biochemical responses with partial overlap with previously described cellular reactions to unfolded proteins and oxidative stress. Although the levels of reactive oxygen species were comparable, detergent-insoluble protein aggregates containing phosphorylated c-Src accumulated in Cbl triple-deficient MECs. Treatment with a broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor dasatinib blocked protein aggregate accumulation and restored in vitro organoid formation. This effect is most likely mediated through c-Src because Cbl triple-deficient MECs were able to form organoids upon shRNA-mediated c-Src knockdown. Taking these data together, the present study demonstrates that Cbl family proteins are required to protect MECs from proteotoxic stress-induced cell death by promoting turnover of active c-Src.
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17
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Morotti A, Rocca S, Carrà G, Saglio G, Brancaccio M. Modeling myeloproliferative neoplasms: From mutations to mouse models and back again. Blood Rev 2016; 31:139-150. [PMID: 27899218 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are defined according to the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the recent 2016 revision. Over the years, several genetic lesions have been associated with the development of MPNs, with important consequences for identifying unique biomarkers associated with specific neoplasms and for developing targeted therapies. Defining the genotype-phenotype relationship in MPNs is essential to identify driver somatic mutations that promote MPN development and maintenance in order to develop curative targeted therapies. While studies with human samples can identify putative driver mutations, murine models are mandatory to demonstrate the causative role of mutations and for pre-clinical testing of specific therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on MPN mouse models specifically developed to assess the pathogenetic roles of gene mutations found in human patients, as well as murine MPN-like phenotypes identified in genetically modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Stefania Rocca
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza, 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza, 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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18
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An W, Nadeau SA, Mohapatra BC, Feng D, Zutshi N, Storck MD, Arya P, Talmadge JE, Meza JL, Band V, Band H. Loss of Cbl and Cbl-b ubiquitin ligases abrogates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and sensitizes leukemic disease to chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10498-509. [PMID: 25871390 PMCID: PMC4496370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cbl and Cbl-b are tyrosine kinase-directed RING finger type ubiquitin ligases (E3s) that negatively regulate cellular activation pathways. E3 activity-disrupting human Cbl mutations are associated with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) that are reproduced in mice with Cbl RING finger mutant knock-in or hematopoietic Cbl and Cbl-b double knockout. However, the role of Cbl proteins in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis, especially in the context of MPD is unclear. Here we demonstrate that HSC expansion and MPD development upon combined Cbl and Cbl-b deletion are dependent on HSCs. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that DKO HSCs exhibit reduced quiescence associated with compromised reconstitution ability and propensity to undergo exhaustion. We show that sustained c-Kit and FLT3 signaling in DKO HSCs promotes loss of colony-forming potential, and c-Kit or FLT3 inhibition in vitro protects HSCs from exhaustion. In vivo, treatment with 5-fluorouracil hastens DKO HSC exhaustion and protects mice from death due to MPD. Our data reveal a novel and leukemia therapy-relevant role of Cbl and Cbl-b in the maintenance of HSC quiescence and protection against exhaustion, through negative regulation of tyrosine kinase-coupled receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Scott A Nadeau
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dan Feng
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neha Zutshi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jane L Meza
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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19
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Katzav S, Schmitz ML. Mutations of c-Cbl in myeloid malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10689-96. [PMID: 26028666 PMCID: PMC4484412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing has shown the frequent occurrence of point mutations in the ubiquitin E3 ligase c-Cbl in myeloid malignancies. Mouse models revealed a causal contribution of c-Cbl for the onset of such neoplasms. The point mutations typically cluster in the linker region and RING finger domain and affect both alleles by acquired uniparental disomy. The fast progress in the detection of c-Cbl mutations is contrasted by our scarce knowledge on their functional consequences. The c-Cbl protein displays several enzymatic functions by promoting the attachment of differentially composed ubiquitin chains and of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to its target proteins. In addition, c-Cbl functions as an adapter protein and undergoes phosphorylation-dependent inducible conformation changes. Studies on the impact of c-Cbl mutations on its functions as a dynamic and versatile adapter protein, its interactomes and on its various enzymatic activities are now important to allow the identification of druggable targets within the c-Cbl signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulamit Katzav
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse, Giessen, Germany
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20
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Krombholz CF, Aumann K, Kollek M, Bertele D, Fluhr S, Kunze M, Niemeyer CM, Flotho C, Erlacher M. Long-term serial xenotransplantation of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia recapitulates human disease in Rag2-/-γc-/- mice. Haematologica 2016; 101:597-606. [PMID: 26888021 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.138545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a clonal malignant disease affecting young children. Current cure rates, even with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, are no better than 50%-60%. Pre-clinical research on juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is urgently needed for the identification of novel therapies but is hampered by the unavailability of culture systems. Here we report a xenotransplantation model that allows long-term in vivo propagation of primary juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia cells. Persistent engraftment of leukemic cells was achieved by intrahepatic injection of 1×10(6) cells into newborn Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice or intravenous injection of 5×10(6) cells into 5-week old mice. Key characteristics of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia were reproduced, including cachexia and clonal expansion of myelomonocytic progenitor cells that infiltrated bone marrow, spleen, liver and, notably, lung. Xenografted leukemia cells led to reduced survival of recipient mice. The stem cell character of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia was confirmed by successful serial transplantation that resulted in leukemia cell propagation for more than one year. Independence of exogenous cytokines, low donor cell number and slowly progressing leukemia are advantages of the model, which will serve as an important tool to research the pathophysiology of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and test novel pharmaceutical strategies such as DNA methyltransferase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Felix Krombholz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Aumann
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kollek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Bertele
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fluhr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Kunze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany The German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Flotho
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany The German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany The German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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William BM, An W, Feng D, Nadeau S, Mohapatra BC, Storck MA, Band V, Band H. Fasudil, a clinically safe ROCK inhibitor, decreases disease burden in a Cbl/Cbl-b deficiency-driven murine model of myeloproliferative disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:218-24. [PMID: 26177294 DOI: 10.1179/1607845415y.0000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in Cbl or Cbl-b gene occur in 10% of myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) patients and are associated with poor prognosis. Hematopoietic Cbl/Cbl-b double knockout (DKO) leads to a disease in mice phenotypically similar to human MPDs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-MPD activity of a clinically safe drug, Fasudil, identified in an in vitro kinase inhibitor as an inhibitor of proliferation of DKO mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). METHODS Fasudil exhibited relatively selective anti-proliferative activity against Cbl/Cbl-b DKO vs. control murine bone marrow HSPCs. We established a mouse model with uniform time of MPD onset by transplanting Cbl/Cbl-b DKO HSPCs into busulfan-conditioned NOD/SCID/gamma chain-deficient mice. Four weeks post-transplant, mice were treated with 100 mg/kg fasudil (13 mice) or water (control, 8 mice) daily by oral gavage, followed by blood cell count every 2 weeks. RESULTS By 2 weeks of treatment, total white cell and monocyte counts were significantly lower in mice treated with fasudil. We observed a trend towards improved survival in fasudil-treated mice that did not reach statistical significance. Notably, prolonged survival beyond 27 weeks was observed in two fasudil-treated mice, nearly twice the 16-week average life-span in the Cbl/Cbl-b DKO MPD model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a therapeutic potential for fasudil, a clinically safe drug with promising results in vascular diseases, in the treatment of MPDs or other mutant Cbl-driven myeloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M William
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Wei An
- b Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Dan Feng
- c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Scott Nadeau
- b Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Matthew A Storck
- c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Vimla Band
- b Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,e Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Hamid Band
- b Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,c Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA.,e Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
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22
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Liyasova MS, Ma K, Lipkowitz S. Molecular pathways: cbl proteins in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity-opportunities for cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1789-94. [PMID: 25477533 PMCID: PMC4401614 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cbl proteins are a family of ubiquitin ligases (E3s) that regulate signaling through many tyrosine kinase-dependent pathways. A predominant function is to negatively regulate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling by ubiquitination of active RTKs, targeting them for trafficking to the lysosome for degradation. Also, Cbl-mediated ubiquitination can regulate signaling protein function by altered cellular localization of proteins without degradation. In addition to their role as E3s, Cbl proteins play a positive role in signaling by acting as adaptor proteins that can recruit signaling molecules to the active RTKs. Cbl-b, a second family member, negatively regulates the costimulatory pathway of CD8 T cells and also negatively regulates natural killer cell function. The different functions of Cbl proteins and their roles both in the development of cancer and the regulation of immune responses provide multiple therapeutic opportunities. Mutations in Cbl that inactivate the negative E3 function while maintaining the positive adaptor function have been described in approximately 5% of myeloid neoplasms. An improved understanding of how the signaling pathways [e.g., Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3), PI3K, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)] are dysregulated by these mutations in Cbl has helped to identify potential targets for therapy of myeloid neoplasms. Conversely, the loss of Cbl-b leads to increased adaptive and innate antitumor immunity, suggesting that inhibiting Cbl-b may be a means to increase antitumor immunity across a wide variety of tumors. Thus, targeting the pathways regulated by Cbl proteins may provide attractive opportunities for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya S Liyasova
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ke Ma
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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23
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Lutz-Nicoladoni C, Wolf D, Sopper S. Modulation of Immune Cell Functions by the E3 Ligase Cbl-b. Front Oncol 2015; 5:58. [PMID: 25815272 PMCID: PMC4356231 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of immunological tolerance is a critical hallmark of the immune system. Several signaling checkpoints necessary to balance activating and inhibitory input to immune cells have been described so far, among which the E3 ligase Cbl-b appears to be a central player. Cbl-b is expressed in all leukocyte subsets and regulates several signaling pathways in T cells, NK cells, B cells, and different types of myeloid cells. In most cases, Cbl-b negatively regulates activation signals through antigen or pattern recognition receptors and co-stimulatory molecules. In line with this function, cblb-deficient immune cells display lower activation thresholds and cblb knockout mice spontaneously develop autoimmunity and are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmunity. Interestingly, genetic association studies link CBLB-polymorphisms with autoimmunity also in humans. Vice versa, the increased activation potential of cblb-deficient cells renders them more potent to fight against malignancies or infections. Accordingly, several reports have shown that cblb knockout mice reject tumors, which mainly depends on cytotoxic T and NK cells. Thus, targeting Cbl-b may be an interesting strategy to enhance anti-cancer immunity. In this review, we summarize the findings on the molecular function of Cbl-b in different cell types and illustrate the potential of Cbl-b as target for immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lutz-Nicoladoni
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria ; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Haematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB) , Bonn , Germany
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria ; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute , Innsbruck , Austria
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24
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Dao KHT, Tyner JW. What's different about atypical CML and chronic neutrophilic leukemia? HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2015; 2015:264-71. [PMID: 26637732 PMCID: PMC5266507 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) and chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) are rare myeloid neoplasms defined largely by morphologic criteria. The discovery of CSF3R mutations in aCML and CNL have prompted a more comprehensive genetic profiling of these disorders. These studies have revealed aCML to be a genetically more heterogeneous disease than CNL, however, several groups have reported that SETBP1 and ASXL1 mutations occur at a high frequency and carry prognostic value in both diseases. We also report a novel finding-our study reveals a high frequency of U2AF1 mutations at codon Q157 associated with CSF3R mutant myeloid neoplasms. Collectively, these findings will refine the WHO diagnostic criteria of aCML and CNL and help us understand the genetic lesions and dysregulated signaling pathways contributing to disease development. Novel therapies that emerge from these genetic findings will need to be investigated in the setting of a clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of targeting various oncogenic drivers, such as JAK1/2 inhibition in CSF3R-T618I-positive aCML and CNL. In summary, recent advances in the genetic characterization of CNL and aCML are instrumental toward the development of new lines of therapy for these rare leukemias that lack an established standard of care and are historically associated with a poor prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Codon
- Hematology/methods
- Hematology/standards
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic/genetics
- Medical Oncology/methods
- Medical Oncology/standards
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Splicing Factor U2AF
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Hien T Dao
- Knight Cancer Institute, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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25
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Shin JY, Hu W, Naramura M, Park CY. High c-Kit expression identifies hematopoietic stem cells with impaired self-renewal and megakaryocytic bias. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:217-31. [PMID: 24446491 PMCID: PMC3920569 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
c-Kitlo HSCs exhibit enhanced self-renewal and long-term reconstitution potential and give rise to c-Kithi HSCs that have a megakaryocytic bias. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are heterogeneous with respect to their self-renewal, lineage, and reconstitution potentials. Although c-Kit is required for HSC function, gain and loss-of-function c-Kit mutants suggest that even small changes in c-Kit signaling profoundly affect HSC function. Herein, we demonstrate that even the most rigorously defined HSCs can be separated into functionally distinct subsets based on c-Kit activity. Functional and transcriptome studies show HSCs with low levels of surface c-Kit expression (c-Kitlo) and signaling exhibit enhanced self-renewal and long-term reconstitution potential compared with c-Kithi HSCs. Furthermore, c-Kitlo and c-Kithi HSCs are hierarchically organized, with c-Kithi HSCs arising from c-Kitlo HSCs. In addition, whereas c-Kithi HSCs give rise to long-term lymphomyeloid grafts, they exhibit an intrinsic megakaryocytic lineage bias. These functional differences between c-Kitlo and c-Kithi HSCs persist even under conditions of stress hematopoiesis induced by 5-fluorouracil. Finally, our studies show that the transition from c-Kitlo to c-Kithi HSC is negatively regulated by c-Cbl. Overall, these studies demonstrate that HSCs exhibiting enhanced self-renewal potential can be isolated based on c-Kit expression during both steady state and stress hematopoiesis. Moreover, they provide further evidence that the intrinsic functional heterogeneity previously described for HSCs extends to the megakaryocytic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Shin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and 2 Department of Pathology and 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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26
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Dvorak CC, Loh ML. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: molecular pathogenesis informs current approaches to therapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:25. [PMID: 24734223 PMCID: PMC3975112 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare childhood leukemia that has historically been very difficult to confidently diagnose and treat. The majority of patients ultimately require allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for cure. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease now permit over 90% of patients to be molecularly characterized. Pre-HCT management of patients with JMML is currently symptom-driven. However, evaluation of potential high-risk clinical and molecular features will determine which patients could benefit from pre-HCT chemotherapy and/or local control of splenic disease. Furthermore, new techniques to quantify minimal residual disease burden will determine whether pre-HCT response to chemotherapy is beneficial for long-term disease-free survival. The optimal approach to HCT for JMML is unclear, with high relapse rates regardless of conditioning intensity. An ongoing clinical trial in the Children's Oncology Group will test if less toxic approaches can be equally effective, thereby shifting the focus to post-HCT immunomanipulation strategies to achieve long-term disease control. Finally, our unraveling of the molecular basis of JMML is beginning to identify possible targets for selective therapeutic interventions, either pre- or post-HCT, an approach which may ultimately provide the best opportunity to improve outcomes for this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Dvorak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
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27
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Rossi L, Lin KK, Boles NC, Yang L, King KY, Jeong M, Mayle A, Goodell MA. Less is more: unveiling the functional core of hematopoietic stem cells through knockout mice. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 11:302-17. [PMID: 22958929 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent one of the first recognized somatic stem cell types. As such, nearly 200 genes have been examined for roles in HSC function in knockout mice. In this review, we compile the majority of these reports to provide a broad overview of the functional modules revealed by these genetic analyses and highlight some key regulatory pathways involved, including cell cycle control, Tgf-β signaling, Pten/Akt signaling, Wnt signaling, and cytokine signaling. Finally, we propose recommendations for characterization of HSC function in knockout mice to facilitate cross-study comparisons that would generate a more cohesive picture of HSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rossi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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28
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Javadi M, Richmond TD, Huang K, Barber DL. CBL linker region and RING finger mutations lead to enhanced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling via elevated levels of JAK2 and LYN. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19459-70. [PMID: 23696637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.475087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is characterized by hypersensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). SHP2, NF-1, KRAS, and NRAS are mutated in JMML patients, leading to aberrant regulation of RAS signaling. A subset of JMML patients harbor CBL mutations associated with 11q acquired uniparental disomy. Many of these mutations are in the linker region and the RING finger of CBL, leading to a loss of E3 ligase activity. We investigated the mechanism by which CBL-Y371H, a linker region mutant, and CBL-C384R, a RING finger mutant, lead to enhanced GM-CSF signaling. Expression of CBL mutants in the TF-1 cell line resulted in enhanced survival in the absence of GM-CSF. Cells expressing CBL mutations displayed increased phosphorylation of GM-CSF receptor βc subunit in response to stimulation, although expression of total GM-CSFR βc was lower. This suggested enhanced kinase activity downstream of GM-CSFR. JAK2 and LYN kinase expression is elevated in CBL-Y371H and CBL-C384R mutant cells, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of CBL and S6 in response to GM-CSF stimulation. Incubation with the JAK2 inhibitor, TG101348, abolished the increased phosphorylation of GM-CSFR βc in cells expressing CBL mutants, whereas treatment with the SRC kinase inhibitor dasatinib resulted in equalization of GM-CSFR βc phosphorylation signal between wild type CBL and CBL mutant samples. Dasatinib treatment inhibited the elevated phosphorylation of CBL-Y371H and CBL-C384R mutants. Our study indicates that CBL linker and RING finger mutants lead to enhanced GM-CSF signaling due to elevated kinase expression, which can be blocked using small molecule inhibitors targeting specific downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojib Javadi
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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29
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Guryanova OA, Levine RL. Advances in the Development of Animal Models of Myeloid Leukemias. Semin Hematol 2013; 50:145-55. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Nadeau S, An W, Palermo N, Feng D, Ahmad G, Dong L, Borgstahl GEO, Natarajan A, Naramura M, Band V, Band H. Oncogenic Signaling by Leukemia-Associated Mutant Cbl Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 6. [PMID: 23997989 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1009.s6-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Cbl protein family (Cbl, Cbl-b, and Cbl-c) are E3 ubiquitin ligases that have emerged as critical negative regulators of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. This function reflects their ability to directly interact with activated PTKs and to target them as well as their associated signaling components for ubiquitination. Given the critical roles of PTK signaling in driving oncogenesis, recent studies in animal models and genetic analyses in human cancer have firmly established that Cbl proteins function as tumor suppressors. Missense mutations or small in-frame deletions within the regions of Cbl protein that are essential for its E3 activity have been identified in nearly 5% of leukemia patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorders. Based on evidence from cell culture studies, in vivo models and clinical data, we discuss the potential signaling mechanisms of mutant Cbl-driven oncogenesis. Mechanistic insights into oncogenic Cbl mutants and associated animal models are likely to enhance our understanding of normal hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis and provide avenues for targeted therapy of mutant Cbl-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Nadeau
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA ; Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
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31
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Milosevic JD, Kralovics R. Genetic and epigenetic alterations of myeloproliferative disorders. Int J Hematol 2012; 97:183-97. [PMID: 23233154 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The classical BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by excessive production of terminally differentiated myeloid cells. In MPN patients, the disease can progress to secondary myelofibrosis or acute myeloid leukemia. Clonal hematopoiesis, disease phenotype, and progression are caused by somatically acquired genetic lesions of genes involved in cytokine signaling, RNA splicing, as well as epigenetic regulation. This review provides an overview of point mutations and cytogenetic lesions associated with MPN and addresses the role of these somatic lesions in MPN disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena D Milosevic
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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32
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Badger-Brown KM, Gillis LC, Bailey ML, Penninger JM, Barber DL. CBL-B is required for leukemogenesis mediated by BCR-ABL through negative regulation of bone marrow homing. Leukemia 2012; 27:1146-54. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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33
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Loh ML, Mullighan CG. Advances in the genetics of high-risk childhood B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: implications for therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2754-67. [PMID: 22589484 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies of childhood comprise the most common childhood cancers. These neoplasms derive from the pathologic clonal expansion of an abnormal cancer-initiating cell and span a diverse spectrum of phenotypes, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Expansion of immature lymphoid or myeloid blasts with suppression of normal hematopoiesis is the hallmark of ALL and AML, whereas MPN is associated with proliferation of 1 or more lineages that retain the ability to differentiate, and MDS is characterized by abnormal hematopoiesis and cytopenias. The outcomes for children with the most common childhood cancer, B-progenitor ALL (B-ALL), in general, is quite favorable, in contrast to children affected by myeloid malignancies. The advent of highly sensitive genomic technologies reveals the remarkable genetic complexity of multiple subsets of high-risk B-progenitor ALL, in contrast to a somewhat simpler model of myeloid neoplasms, although a number of recently discovered alterations displayed by both types of malignancies may lead to common therapeutic approaches. This review outlines recent advances in our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of high-risk B-ALL and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, an overlap MPN/MDS found exclusively in children, and we also discuss novel therapeutic approaches that are currently being tested in clinical trials. Recent insights into the clonal heterogeneity of leukemic samples and the implications for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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34
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Mohapatra B, Ahmad G, Nadeau S, Zutshi N, An W, Scheffe S, Dong L, Feng D, Goetz B, Arya P, Bailey TA, Palermo N, Borgstahl GEO, Natarajan A, Raja SM, Naramura M, Band V, Band H. Protein tyrosine kinase regulation by ubiquitination: critical roles of Cbl-family ubiquitin ligases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:122-39. [PMID: 23085373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) coordinate a broad spectrum of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli and cell-cell interactions during development, tissue homeostasis, and responses to environmental challenges. Thus, an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that ensure physiological PTK function and potential aberrations of these regulatory processes during diseases such as cancer are of broad interest in biology and medicine. Aside from the expected role of phospho-tyrosine phosphatases, recent studies have revealed a critical role of covalent modification of activated PTKs with ubiquitin as a critical mechanism of their negative regulation. Members of the Cbl protein family (Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c in mammals) have emerged as dominant "activated PTK-selective" ubiquitin ligases. Structural, biochemical and cell biological studies have established that Cbl protein-dependent ubiquitination targets activated PTKs for degradation either by facilitating their endocytic sorting into lysosomes or by promoting their proteasomal degradation. This mechanism also targets PTK signaling intermediates that become associated with Cbl proteins in a PTK activation-dependent manner. Cellular and animal studies have established that the relatively broadly expressed mammalian Cbl family members Cbl and Cbl-b play key physiological roles, including their critical functions to prevent the transition of normal immune responses into autoimmune disease and as tumor suppressors; the latter function has received validation from human studies linking mutations in Cbl to human leukemia. These newer insights together with embryonic lethality seen in mice with a combined deletion of Cbl and Cbl-b genes suggest an unappreciated role of the Cbl family proteins, and by implication the ubiquitin-dependent control of activated PTKs, in stem/progenitor cell maintenance. Future studies of existing and emerging animal models and their various cell lineages should help test the broader implications of the evolutionarily-conserved Cbl family protein-mediated, ubiquitin-dependent, negative regulation of activated PTKs in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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35
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Mohapatra B, Ahmad G, Nadeau S, Zutshi N, An W, Scheffe S, Dong L, Feng D, Goetz B, Arya P, Bailey TA, Palermo N, Borgstahl GEO, Natarajan A, Raja SM, Naramura M, Band V, Band H. Protein tyrosine kinase regulation by ubiquitination: critical roles of Cbl-family ubiquitin ligases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012. [PMID: 23085373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) coordinate a broad spectrum of cellular responses to extracellular stimuli and cell-cell interactions during development, tissue homeostasis, and responses to environmental challenges. Thus, an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that ensure physiological PTK function and potential aberrations of these regulatory processes during diseases such as cancer are of broad interest in biology and medicine. Aside from the expected role of phospho-tyrosine phosphatases, recent studies have revealed a critical role of covalent modification of activated PTKs with ubiquitin as a critical mechanism of their negative regulation. Members of the Cbl protein family (Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c in mammals) have emerged as dominant "activated PTK-selective" ubiquitin ligases. Structural, biochemical and cell biological studies have established that Cbl protein-dependent ubiquitination targets activated PTKs for degradation either by facilitating their endocytic sorting into lysosomes or by promoting their proteasomal degradation. This mechanism also targets PTK signaling intermediates that become associated with Cbl proteins in a PTK activation-dependent manner. Cellular and animal studies have established that the relatively broadly expressed mammalian Cbl family members Cbl and Cbl-b play key physiological roles, including their critical functions to prevent the transition of normal immune responses into autoimmune disease and as tumor suppressors; the latter function has received validation from human studies linking mutations in Cbl to human leukemia. These newer insights together with embryonic lethality seen in mice with a combined deletion of Cbl and Cbl-b genes suggest an unappreciated role of the Cbl family proteins, and by implication the ubiquitin-dependent control of activated PTKs, in stem/progenitor cell maintenance. Future studies of existing and emerging animal models and their various cell lineages should help test the broader implications of the evolutionarily-conserved Cbl family protein-mediated, ubiquitin-dependent, negative regulation of activated PTKs in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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36
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37
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Makishima H, Sugimoto Y, Szpurka H, Clemente MJ, Ng KP, Muramatsu H, O'Keefe C, Saunthararajah Y, Maciejewski JP. CBL mutation-related patterns of phosphorylation and sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leukemia 2012; 26:1547-54. [PMID: 22246246 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent homozygous CBL-inactivating mutations in myeloid malignancies decrease ubiquitin ligase activity that inactivates SRC family kinases (SFK) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). However, the most important SFK and RTK affected by these mutations, and hence, the most important therapeutic targets, have not been clearly characterized. We compared SFK and RTK pathway activity and inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines containing homozygous R420Q mutation (GDM-1), heterozygous deletion (MOLM13) and wild-type (WT) CBL (THP1, U937). As expected with CBL loss, GDM-1 displayed high KIT expression and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) hypersensitivity. Ectopic expression of WT CBL decreased GDM-1 proliferation but not cell lines with WT CBL. GDM-1, but not the other cell lines, was highly sensitive to growth inhibition by dasatinib (dual SFK and RTK inhibitor, LD50 50 nM); there was less or no selective inhibition of GDM-1 growth by sunitinib (RTK inhibitor), imatinib (ABL, KIT inhibitor), or PP2 (SFK inhibitor). Phosphoprotein analysis identified phosphorylation targets uniquely inhibited by dasatinib treatment of GDM-1, including a number of proteins in the KIT and GM-CSF receptor pathways (for example, KIT Tyr721, STAT3 Tyr705). In conclusion, the promiscuous effects of CBL loss on SFK and RTK signaling appear to be best targeted by dual SFK and RTK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Makishima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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38
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Lipkowitz S, Weissman AM. RINGs of good and evil: RING finger ubiquitin ligases at the crossroads of tumour suppression and oncogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2011; 11:629-43. [PMID: 21863050 PMCID: PMC3542975 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system has numerous crucial roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Fundamental to the specificity of this system are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s). Of these, the majority are RING finger and RING finger-related E3s. Many RING finger E3s have roles in processes that are central to the maintenance of genomic integrity and cellular homeostasis, such as the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), the SKP1-cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) E3s, MDM2, BRCA1, Fanconi anaemia proteins, CBL proteins, von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor (VHL) and SIAH proteins. As a result, many RING finger E3s are implicated in either the suppression or the progression of cancer. This Review summarizes current knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Lipkowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders characterized by excessive production of mature blood cells. In the majority of classic MPN—polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primitive myelofibrosis—driver oncogenic mutations affecting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) or MPL lead to constitutive activation of cytokine-regulated intracellular signaling pathways. LNK, c-CBL, or SOCSs (all negative regulators of signaling pathways), although infrequently targeted, may either drive the disease or synergize with JAK2 and MPL mutations. IZF1 deletions or TP53 mutations are mainly found at transformation phases and are present at greater frequency than in de novo acute myeloid leukemias. Loss-of-function mutations in 3 genes involved in epigenetic regulation, TET2, ASXL1, and EZH2, may be early events preceding JAK2V617F but may also occur late during disease progression. They are more frequently observed in PMF than PV and ET and are also present in other types of malignant myeloid diseases. A likely hypothesis is that they facilitate clonal selection, allowing the dominance of the JAK2V617F subclone during the chronic phase and, together with cooperating mutations, promote blast crisis. Their precise roles in hematopoiesis and in the pathogenesis of MPN, as well as their prognostic impact and potential as a therapeutic target, are currently under investigation.
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40
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Naramura M, Band V, Band H. Indispensable roles of mammalian Cbl family proteins as negative regulators of protein tyrosine kinase signaling: Insights from in vivo models. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:159-62. [PMID: 21655429 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.2.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
All higher eukaryotes utilize protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) as molecular switches to control a variety of cellular signals. Notably, many PTKs have been identified as proto-oncogenes whose aberrant expression, mutations or co-option by pathogens can lead to human malignancies. Thus, it is obvious that PTK functions must be precisely regulated in order to maintain homeostasis of an organism. Investigations over the past fifteen years have revealed that members of the Cbl family proteins can serve as negative regulators of PTK signaling, and biochemical and cell biological studies have unraveled the mechanistic basis of this regulation. Yet, it is only recently that the field has begun to appreciate the real significance of this novel regulatory apparatus in shaping PTK-mediated signaling in organismic contexts and in human diseases. Here, we discuss recent progress in murine models that are beginning to provide insights into the critical roles of Cbl proteins in physiological pathways, with important implications in understanding how aberrations of Cbl proteins contribute to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Naramura
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases; College of Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE USA
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41
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Naramura M, Nadeau S, Mohapatra B, Ahmad G, Mukhopadhyay C, Sattler M, Raja SM, Natarajan A, Band V, Band H. Mutant Cbl proteins as oncogenic drivers in myeloproliferative disorders. Oncotarget 2011; 2:245-50. [PMID: 21422499 PMCID: PMC3134300 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family proteins are evolutionarily-conserved attenuators of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. Biochemical analyses over the past two decades have firmly established that the negative regulatory functions of Cbl proteins are mediated through their ability to facilitate ubiquitination and thus promote degradation of PTKs. As aberrant activation of PTKs is frequently associated with oncogenesis, it has long been postulated that loss of normal Cbl functions may lead to unregulated activation of PTKs and cellular transformation. In the last few years, mutations in the CBL gene have been identified in a subset of human patients with myeloid malignancies. Here we discuss insights gained from the analyses of Cbl mutants both in human patients and in animal models and propose potential mechanisms of oncogenesis through this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Naramura
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Scott Nadeau
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Gulzar Ahmad
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Chandrani Mukhopadhyay
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Martin Sattler
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Srikumar M Raja
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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