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Godoy-Tena G, Ballestar E. Epigenetics of Dendritic Cells in Tumor Immunology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051179. [PMID: 35267487 PMCID: PMC8909611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells with the distinctive property of inducing the priming and differentiation of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into helper and cytotoxic effector T cells to develop efficient tumor-immune responses. DCs display pathogenic and tumorigenic antigens on their surface through major histocompatibility complexes to directly influence the differentiation of T cells. Cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including cancer cells and other immune-infiltrated cells, can lead DCs to acquire an immune-tolerogenic phenotype that facilitates tumor progression. Epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer development, not only by directly affecting cancer cells, but also by their fundamental role in the differentiation of DCs that acquire a tolerogenic phenotype that, in turn, suppresses T cell-mediated responses. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulation of DCs that have infiltrated the TME and discuss how knowledge of the epigenetic control of DCs can be used to improve DC-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Godoy-Tena
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
- Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
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2
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Raeber ME, Rosalia RA, Schmid D, Karakus U, Boyman O. Interleukin-2 signals converge in a lymphoid-dendritic cell pathway that promotes anticancer immunity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/561/eaba5464. [PMID: 32938795 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba5464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) correlate with effective anticancer immunity and improved responsiveness to anti-PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy. However, the drivers of DC expansion and intratumoral accumulation are ill-defined. We found that interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulated DC formation through innate and adaptive lymphoid cells in mice and humans, and this increase in DCs improved anticancer immunity. Administration of IL-2 to humans within a clinical trial and of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-biased IL-2 to mice resulted in pronounced expansion of type 1 DCs, including migratory and cross-presenting subsets, and type 2 DCs, although neither DC precursors nor mature DCs had functional IL-2Rs. In mechanistic studies, IL-2 signals stimulated innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and T cells to synthesize the cytokines FLT3L, CSF-2, and TNF. These cytokines redundantly caused DC expansion and activation, which resulted in improved antigen processing and correlated with favorable anticancer responses in mice and patients. Thus, IL-2 immunotherapy-mediated stimulation of DCs contributes to anticancer immunity by rendering tumors more immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rodney A Rosalia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Schmid
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ufuk Karakus
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Ye J, Chen Q, Wang R. Logical modeling of thymus and natural killer lymphocyte differentiation. J Biol Phys 2021; 47:31-47. [PMID: 33735399 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-021-09563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus (T) and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes are important barriers against diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to understand regulatory mechanisms related to the cell fate decisions involved in the production of these cells. Although some individual information related to T and NK lymphocyte cell fate decisions have been revealed, the related network and its dynamical characteristics still have not been well understood. By integrating individual information and comparing with experimental data, we construct a comprehensive regulatory network and a logical model related to T and NK lymphocyte differentiation. We aim to explore possible mechanisms of how each lineage differentiation is realized by systematically screening individual perturbations. When determining the perturbation strategies, the state transition can be used to identify the roles of specific genes in cell type selection and reprogramming. In agreement with experimental observations, the dynamics of the model correctly restates the cell differentiation processes from common lymphoid progenitors to CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells. Our analysis reveals that some specific perturbations can give rise to directional cell differentiation or reprogramming. We test our in silico results by using known experimental observations. The integrated network and the logical model presented here might be a good candidate for providing qualitative mechanisms of cell fate specification involved in T and NK lymphocyte cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ye
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxi Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Ji D, Song C, Li Y, Xia J, Wu Y, Jia J, Cui X, Yu S, Gu J. Combination of radiotherapy and suppression of Tregs enhances abscopal antitumor effect and inhibits metastasis in rectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000826. [PMID: 33106387 PMCID: PMC7592256 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distant metastasis is the major cause of mortality in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Local radiotherapy can trigger an abscopal response to metastatic tumor cells. However, the abscopal effect is a rare event. CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cell is a highly immune-suppressive subset which impedes immune surveillance against cancer, prevents the development of effective antitumor immunity and promotes tumor progression. We assume that the exploitation of the proimmunogenic effects of radiotherapy with anti-CD25 or anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (anti-CTLA4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may enhance the local and abscopal effects in rectal cancer and improve the therapeutic outcome. Methods mRNA expression profiling of 81 pretreatment biopsy samples from LARC patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy (nRT) was performed to analyze the correlation between gene expression and prognosis. A retrospective analysis of patients with rectal cancer with distant metastasis or synchronous extracolonic cancers was performed to evaluate the abscopal effect of radiotherapy on rectal cancer. Two different dual-tumor mouse models were established to investigate the efficacy of single dose and dose-fractionated radiotherapy combined with anti-CD25 or anti-CTLA4 and anti-Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (anti-PD1) mAbs on the local tumor growth and liver metastasis. The univariate Cox regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett’s test, a mixed-effect linear model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to calculate p values. Results The proportion of Tregs in pre-nRT biopsies was negatively correlated with prognosis (p=0.007). The retrospective analysis showed that regressing liver metastases were infiltrated by CD8+ T cells. In contrast, stable/progressing metastases and synchronous extracolonic cancers were characterized by PD1+ T cells and Tregs infiltration. Animal experiment results demonstrated that the combination of radiotherapy and anti-CD25/CTLA4 mAb resulted in a significant increase in CD8+ T cells and CD8+/CD4+ ratio in primary and secondary tumors compared with the irradiation alone group (all p<0.05 or p<0.01). The combined treatment was able to decrease Tregs, PD1+CD8+ and PD1+CD4+ T cells (p<0.05), suppress locally irradiated and distal unirradiated tumor growth, and improve overall survival rate. Radiotherapy in conjunction with anti-CTLA4 reduced liver metastasis (p<0.05). Conclusions These data indicated that radiotherapy plus depletion of Tregs was able to improve the antitumor response and generate an abscopal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbo Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Can Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University, Bejing, China
| | - Yongheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jinying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Songmao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University, Bejing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University S.G. Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Sims JT, Krishnan V, Chang CY, Engle SM, Casalini G, Rodgers GH, Bivi N, Nickoloff BJ, Konrad RJ, de Bono S, Higgs RE, Benschop RJ, Ottaviani S, Cardoso A, Nirula A, Corbellino M, Stebbing J. Characterization of the cytokine storm reflects hyperinflammatory endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:107-111. [PMID: 32920092 PMCID: PMC7488591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increasingly believe that the hyperinflammatory acute stage of COVID-19 results in a cytokine storm. The circulating biomarkers seen across the spectrum of COVID-19 have not been characterized compared with healthy controls, but such analyses are likely to yield insights into the pursuit of interventions that adequately reduce the burden of these cytokine storms. OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular disease in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe versus matched healthy controls. METHODS Blood samples from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were analyzed using high-throughput and ultrasensitive proteomic platforms and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls to provide insights into differential regulation of 185 markers. RESULTS Results indicate a dominant hyperinflammatory milieu in the circulation and vascular endothelial damage markers within patients with COVID-19, and strong biomarker association with patient response as measured by Ordinal Scale. As patients progress, we observe statistically significant dysregulation of IFN-γ, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-19, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL5, ENRAGE, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Furthermore, in a limited series of patients who were sampled frequently, confirming reliability and reproducibility of our assays, we demonstrate that intervention with baricitinib attenuates these circulating biomarkers associated with the cytokine storm. CONCLUSIONS These wide-ranging circulating biomarkers show an association with increased disease severity and may help stratify patients and selection of therapeutic options. They also provide insights into mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pathogenesis and the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giacomo Casalini
- Luigi Sacco Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Ottaviani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mario Corbellino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Barut GT, Lischer HEL, Bruggmann R, Summerfield A, Talker SC. Transcriptomic profiling of bovine blood dendritic cells and monocytes following TLR stimulation. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1691-1711. [PMID: 32592404 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes are vital for the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, we identified bona fide DC subsets in blood of cattle, revealing subset- and species-specific transcription of toll-like receptors (TLR). In the present study, we analyzed phenotypic and transcriptional responses of bovine DC subsets and monocytes to in vitro stimulation with four to six different TLR ligands. Bovine DC subsets, especially plasmacytoid DC (pDC), showed a clear increase of CCR7, CD25, CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II expression both on mRNA and protein level. Flow cytometric detection of p38 MAPK phosphorylation 15 min after stimulation confirmed activation of DC subsets and monocytes in accordance with TLR gene expression. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of sorted and TLR-stimulated subsets revealed potential ligand- and subset-specific regulation of genes associated with inflammation, T-cell co-stimulation, migration, metabolic reprogramming, and antiviral activity. Gardiquimod was found to evoke strong responses both in DC subsets and monocytes, while Poly(I:C) and CpG preferentially triggered responses in cDC1 and pDC, respectively. This in-depth analysis of ligand responsiveness is essential for the rational design of vaccine adjuvants in cattle, and provides a solid basis for comparative studies on DC and monocyte biology across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tuba Barut
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidi E L Lischer
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Luo Y, Chen J, Liu M, Chen S, Su X, Su J, Zhao C, Han Z, Shi M, Ma X, Huang H. Twist1 promotes dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Exp Cell Res 2020; 392:112003. [PMID: 32278689 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in autoimmunity, immune homeostasis, and presentation of tumor antigens to T cells in order to prime antitumor responses. The number of tumor-infiltrating DCs is associated with survival and prognosis in cancer. Twist1 is a well-known regulator of tumor initiation and promotion, but whether and how DC-derived Twist1 regulates antitumor responses remains poorly understood. Here, we generated a mouse line with Twist1 conditionally depleted in DCs and found that Twist1-deficiency in DCs did not affect the DCs and T cell homeostasis under steady-state conditions; however, in melanoma models, the proportion of conventional DCs (cDCs) in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) was significantly decreased. Accordingly, a decreased ratio and number of tumor-infiltrating cDCs were observed, which reduced the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Furthermore, production of IFN-γ, a crucial antitumor factor, by T cells, was dramatically decreased, which can further dampen the T cell antitumor functions. Collectively, our data indicate that Twist1 in DCs regulates antitumor functions by maintain the number of tumor-infiltrating DCs and T cells, and their antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiadi Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maolan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiuhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mingxia Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Huifang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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8
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Yan J, Zhao Q, Gabrusiewicz K, Kong LY, Xia X, Wang J, Ott M, Xu J, Davis RE, Huo L, Rao G, Sun SC, Watowich SS, Heimberger AB, Li S. FGL2 promotes tumor progression in the CNS by suppressing CD103 + dendritic cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:448. [PMID: 30683885 PMCID: PMC6347641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies implicate immunoregulatory gene expression in tumor cells in arbitrating brain tumor progression. Here we show that fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) is highly expressed in glioma stem cells and primary glioblastoma (GBM) cells. FGL2 knockout in tumor cells did not affect tumor-cell proliferation in vitro or tumor progression in immunodeficient mice but completely impaired GBM progression in immune-competent mice. This impairment was reversed in mice with a defect in dendritic cells (DCs) or CD103+ DC differentiation in the brain and in tumor-draining lymph nodes. The presence of FGL2 in tumor cells inhibited granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced CD103+ DC differentiation by suppressing NF-κB, STAT1/5, and p38 activation. These findings are relevant to GBM patients because a low level of FGL2 expression with concurrent high GM-CSF expression is associated with higher CD8B expression and longer survival. These data provide a rationale for therapeutic inhibition of FGL2 in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingnan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Konrad Gabrusiewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ling-Yuan Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martina Ott
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jingda Xu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - R Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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9
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Tanaka Y, Araki K, Tanaka S, Miyagawa Y, Suzuki H, Kamide D, Tomifuji M, Uno K, Harada E, Yamashita T, Ueda Y, Inoue M, Shiotani A. Oncolytic Sendai virus‐induced tumor‐specific immunoresponses suppress “simulated metastasis” of squamous cell carcinoma in an immunocompetent mouse model. Head Neck 2019; 41:1676-1686. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanaka
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Koji Araki
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamide
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Masayuki Tomifuji
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Kosuke Uno
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Eiko Harada
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Taku Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryKitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
| | | | | | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
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10
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Liquitaya-Montiel AJ, Mendoza L. Dynamical Analysis of the Regulatory Network Controlling Natural Killer Cells Differentiation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1029. [PMID: 30116200 PMCID: PMC6082967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many disease fighting strategies have focused on the generation of NK cells, since they constitute the main immune barrier against cancer and intracellular pathogens such as viruses. Therefore, a predictive model for the development of NK cells would constitute a useful tool to test several hypotheses regarding the production of these cells during both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we present a boolean network model that reproduces experimental results reported on the literature regarding the progressive stages of the development of NK cells in wild-type and mutant backgrounds. The model allows for the simulation of different conditions, including extracellular micro-environment as well as the simulation of genetic alterations. It also describes how NK cell differentiation depends on a molecular regulatory network that controls the specification of lymphoid lineages, such as T and B cells, which share a common progenitor with NKs. Furthermore, the study shows that the structure of the regulatory network strongly determines the stability of the expression patterns against perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhemar J. Liquitaya-Montiel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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11
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Pierini S, Perales-Linares R, Uribe-Herranz M, Pol JG, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Facciabene A, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: DNA-based vaccines for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1398878. [PMID: 29209575 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1398878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-based vaccination is a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. DNA-based vaccines specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are indeed relatively simple to produce, cost-efficient and well tolerated. However, the clinical efficacy of DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy is considerably limited by central and peripheral tolerance. During the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development and characterization of novel DNA-based vaccines that would circumvent this obstacle. In this setting, particular attention has been dedicated to the route of administration, expression of modified TAAs, co-expression of immunostimulatory molecules, and co-delivery of immune checkpoint blockers. Here, we review preclinical and clinical progress on DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pierini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renzo Perales-Linares
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Hotta-Iwamura C, Tarbell KV. Type 1 diabetes genetic susceptibility and dendritic cell function: potential targets for treatment. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:65-80. [PMID: 26792821 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1115-500r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results from the defective induction or maintenance of T cell tolerance against islet β cell self-antigens. Under steady-state conditions, dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties are critical for peripheral immune tolerance. Tolerogenic dendritic cells can induce T cell anergy and deletion and, in some contexts, induce or expand regulatory T cells. Dendritic cells contribute to both immunomodulatory effects and triggering of pathogenesis in type 1 diabetes. This immune equilibrium is affected by both genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies and disease association studies have identified >50 polymorphic loci that lend susceptibility or resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In parallel, diabetes susceptibility regions known as insulin-dependent diabetes loci have been identified in the nonobese diabetic mouse, a model for human type 1 diabetes, providing a better understanding of potential immunomodulatory factors in type 1 diabetes risk. Most genetic candidates have annotated immune cell functions, but the focus has been on changes to T and B cells. However, it is likely that some of the genomic susceptibility in type 1 diabetes directly interrupts the tolerogenic potential of dendritic cells in the pathogenic context of ongoing autoimmunity. Here, we will review how gene polymorphisms associated with autoimmune diabetes may influence dendritic cell development and maturation processes that could lead to alterations in the tolerogenic function of dendritic cells. These insights into potential tolerogenic and pathogenic roles for dendritic cells have practical implications for the clinical manipulation of dendritic cells toward tolerance to prevent and treat type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hotta-Iwamura
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Dong MB, Rahman MJ, Tarbell KV. Flow cytometric gating for spleen monocyte and DC subsets: differences in autoimmune NOD mice and with acute inflammation. J Immunol Methods 2015; 432:4-12. [PMID: 26344574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases is now better understood due to advances in multicolor flow cytometry, gene expression analysis of APC populations, and functional correlation of mouse to human APC populations. A simple but informative nomenclature of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets (cDC1, cDC2, pDC) and monocyte-derived populations incorporates these advances, but accurate subset identification is critical. Ambiguous gating schemes and alterations of cell surface markers in inflammatory condition can make comparing results between studies difficult. Both acute inflammation, such as TLR-ligand stimulation, and chronic inflammation as found in mouse models of autoimmunity can alter DC subset gating. Here, we address these issues using in vivo CpG stimulation as an example of acute inflammation and the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse as a model of chronic inflammation.We provide a flow cytometric antibody panel and gating scheme that differentiate 2 monocytic and 3DC subsets in the spleen both at steady state and after CpG stimulation. Using this method, we observed differences in the composition of NOD DCs that have been previously reported, and newly identified increases in the number of NOD monocyte-derived DCs. Finally, we established a protocol for DC phosphoflow to measure the phosphorylation state of intracellular proteins, and use it to confirm functional differences in the identified subsets. Therefore, we present optimized methods for distinguishing monocytic and DC populations with and without inflammation and/or autoimmunity associated with NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Dong
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Jubayer Rahman
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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14
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Price JD, Tarbell KV. The Role of Dendritic Cell Subsets and Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2015; 6:288. [PMID: 26124756 PMCID: PMC4466467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that have an important role in autoimmune pathogenesis. DCs control both steady-state T cell tolerance and activation of pathogenic responses. The balance between these two outcomes depends on several factors, including genetic susceptibility, environmental signals that stimulate varied innate responses, and which DC subset is presenting antigen. Although the specific DC phenotype can diverge depending on the tissue location and context, there are four main subsets identified in both mouse and human: conventional cDC1 and cDC2, plasmacytoid DCs, and monocyte-derived DCs. In this review, we will discuss the role of these subsets in autoimmune pathogenesis and regulation, as well as the genetic and environmental signals that influence their function. Specific topics to be addressed include impact of susceptibility loci on DC subsets, alterations in DC subset development, the role of infection- and host-derived innate inflammatory signals, and the role of the intestinal microbiota on DC phenotype. The effects of these various signals on disease progression and the relative effects of DC subset composition and maturation level of DCs will be examined. These areas will be explored using examples from several autoimmune diseases but will focus mainly on type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Price
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Immune Tolerance Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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15
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Bolton HA, Roediger B, Groth BFDS. The effects of IL-2 and Treg cells on dendritic cell homeostasis are mediated indirectly via activation of conventional T cells. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1141-7. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Bolton
- T Cell Biology Laboratory; Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology; Camperdown NSW Australia
- Discipline of Dermatology; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ben Roediger
- Discipline of Dermatology; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Immune Imaging Laboratory; Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- T Cell Biology Laboratory; Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology; Camperdown NSW Australia
- Discipline of Dermatology; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
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16
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Guerrero AD, Dong MB, Zhao Y, Lau-Kilby A, Tarbell KV. Interleukin-2-mediated inhibition of dendritic cell development correlates with decreased CD135 expression and increased monocyte/macrophage precursors. Immunology 2015; 143:640-50. [PMID: 24954893 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) inhibits dendritic cell (DC) development from mouse bone marrow (BM) precursors stimulated with the ligand for FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (Flt3L), and have provided evidence that this inhibition occurs at the monocyte DC precursor stage of DC development. Here, we explored the mechanism of IL-2-mediated inhibition of DC development. First, we showed that these in vitro cultures accurately model DCs that develop in vivo by comparing gene and protein expression of the three main Flt3L-induced DC subsets from the BM, CD11b(+) and CD24(+) conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) with their respective ex vivo spleen DC subsets (CD11b(+), CD8(+) and pDCs). Next, gene expression changes were quantified in Flt3L DC subsets that developed in the presence of IL-2. These changes included increased expression of Bcl2l11, which encodes the apoptosis-inducing protein Bim, and decreased expression of Flt3 (CD135), the receptor that initiates DC development. Interleukin-2 also significantly reduced Flt3 protein expression on all three Flt3L DC subsets, and attenuated Flt3L-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in DCs. Based on these data, we hypothesized that decreased Flt3 signalling may divert BM precursors down monocyte and macrophage lineages. Indeed, addition of IL-2 led to increases in Flt3(-) cells, including cKit(+) Ly6C(+) CD11b(-) populations consistent with the recently identified committed monocyte/macrophage progenitor. Therefore, IL-2 can inhibit DC development via decreased signalling through Flt3 and increased monocyte/macrophage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Guerrero
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Xia CQ, Peng R, Chernatynskaya AV, Yuan L, Carter C, Valentine J, Sobel E, Atkinson MA, Clare-Salzler MJ. Increased IFN-α-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in human Th1-mediated type 1 diabetes: pDCs augment Th1 responses through IFN-α production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1024-34. [PMID: 24973447 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that type 1 IFN (IFN-αβ) is associated with pathogenesis of Th1-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D). A major source of IFN-αβ is plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In this study, we analyzed peripheral blood pDC numbers and functions in at-risk, new-onset, and established T1D patients and controls. We found that subjects at risk for T1D and new-onset and established T1D subjects possessed significantly increased pDCs but similar number of myeloid DCs when compared with controls. pDC numbers were not affected by age in T1D subjects but declined with increasing age in control subjects. It was demonstrated that IFN-α production by PBMCs stimulated with influenza viruses was significantly higher in T1D subjects than in controls, and IFN-α production was correlated with pDC numbers in PBMCs. Of interest, only T1D-associated Coxsackievirus serotype B4 but not B3 induced majority of T1D PBMCs to produce IFN-α, which was confirmed to be secreted by pDCs. Finally, in vitro studies demonstrated IFN-α produced by pDCs augmented Th1 responses, with significantly greater IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells from T1D subjects. These findings indicate that increased pDCs and their IFN-αβ production may be associated with this Th1-mediated autoimmune disease, especially under certain viral infections linked to T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ruihua Peng
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Anna V Chernatynskaya
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lihui Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Carolyn Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - John Valentine
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Eric Sobel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Michael J Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610;
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18
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Yan HX, Li WW, Zhang Y, Wei XW, Fu LX, Shen GB, Yin T, Li XY, Shi HS, Wan Y, Zhang QY, Li J, Yang SY, Wei YQ. Accumulation of FLT3+ CD11c+ dendritic cells in psoriatic lesions and the anti-psoriatic effect of a selective FLT3 inhibitor. Immunol Res 2014; 60:112-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Price JD, Beauchamp NM, Rahir G, Zhao Y, Rieger CC, Lau-Kilby AW, Tarbell KV. CD8+ dendritic cell-mediated tolerance of autoreactive CD4+ T cells is deficient in NOD mice and can be corrected by blocking CD40L. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:325-36. [PMID: 24082013 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DCs are important mediators of peripheral tolerance for the prevention of autoimmunity. Chimeric αDEC-205 antibodies with attached antigens allow in vivo antigen-specific stimulation of T cells by CD8(+) DCs, resulting in tolerance in nonautoimmune mice. However, it is not clear whether DC-mediated tolerance induction occurs in the context of ongoing autoimmunity. We assessed the role of CD8(+) DCs in stimulation of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Targeting of antigen to CD8(+) DCs via αDEC-205 led to proliferation and expansion of β-cell specific BDC2.5 T cells. These T cells also produced IL-2 and IFN-γ and did not up-regulate FoxP3, consistent with an activated rather than tolerant phenotype. Similarly, endogenous BDC peptide-reactive T cells, identified with I-A(g7) tetramers, did not become tolerant after antigen delivery via αDEC-205: no deletion or Treg induction was observed. We observed that CD8(+) DCs from NOD mice expressed higher surface levels of CD40 than CD8(+) DCs from C57BL/6 mice. Blockade of CD40-CD40L interactions reduced the number of BDC2.5 T cells remaining in mice, 10 days after antigen targeting to CD8 DCs, and blocked IFN-γ production by BDC2.5 T cells. These data indicate that the ability of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells to undergo tolerance mediated by CD8(+) DCs is defective in NOD mice and that blocking CD40-CD40L interactions can restore tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Price
- 1.Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bldg. 10, CRC, West Labs, 5-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Colton CA. Immune heterogeneity in neuroinflammation: dendritic cells in the brain. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 8:145-62. [PMID: 23114889 PMCID: PMC4279719 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are critical to an integrated immune response and serve as the key link between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Under steady state conditions, brain DC’s act as sentinels, continually sampling their local environment. They share this function with macrophages derived from the same basic hemopoietic (bone marrow-derived) precursor and with parenchymal microglia that arise from a unique non-hemopoietic origin. While multiple cells may serve as antigen presenting cells (APCs), dendritic cells present both foreign and self-proteins to naïve T cells that, in turn, carry out effector functions that serve to protect or destroy. The resulting activation of the adaptive response is a critical step to resolution of injury or infection and is key to survival. In this review we will explore the critical roles that DCs play in the brain’s response to neuroinflammatory disease with emphasis on how the brain’s microenvironment impacts these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Colton
- Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2900, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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21
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The equivalents of human blood and spleen dendritic cell subtypes can be generated in vitro from human CD34(+) stem cells in the presence of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and thrombopoietin. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 9:446-54. [PMID: 23085949 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune cells specialized to capture, process and present antigen to T cells in order to initiate an appropriate adaptive immune response. The study of mouse DC has revealed a heterogeneous population of cells that differ in their development, surface phenotype and function. The study of human blood and spleen has shown the presence of two subsets of conventional DC including the CD1b/c(+) and CD141(+)CLEC9A(+) conventional DC (cDC) and a plasmacytoid DC (pDC) that is CD304(+)CD123(+). Studies on these subpopulations have revealed phenotypic and functional differences that are similar to those described in the mouse. In this study, the three DC subsets have been generated in vitro from human CD34(+) precursors in the presence of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and thrombopoietin (TPO). The DC subsets so generated, including the CD1b/c(+) and CLEC9A(+) cDCs and CD123(+) pDCs, were largely similar to their blood and spleen counterparts with respect to surface phenotype, toll-like receptor and transcription factor expression, capacity to stimulate T cells, cytokine secretion and cross-presentation of antigens. This system may be utilized to study aspects of DC development and function not possible in vivo.
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22
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Isakson SH, Katzman SD, Hoyer KK. Spontaneous autoimmunity in the absence of IL-2 is driven by uncontrolled dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1585-93. [PMID: 22778392 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BALB/c IL-2-deficient (IL-2-KO) mice develop systemic autoimmunity, dying within 3 to 5 wk from complications of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Disease in these mice is Th1 mediated, and IFN-γ production is required for early autoimmunity. In this study, we show that dendritic cells (DCs) are required for optimal IFN-γ production by T cells in the IL-2-KO mouse. Disease is marked by DC accumulation, activation, and elevated production of Th1-inducing cytokines. IL-2-KO DCs induce heightened proliferation and cytokine production by naive T cells compared with wild-type DCs. The depletion of either conventional or plasmacytoid DCs significantly prolongs the survival of IL-2-KO mice, demonstrating that DCs contribute to the progression of autoimmunity. Elimination of Th1-inducing cytokine signals (type 1 IFN and IL-12) reduces RBC-specific Ab production and augments survival, indicating that cytokines derived from both plasmacytoid DCs and conventional DCs contribute to disease severity. DC activation likely precedes T cell activation because DCs are functionally activated even in an environment lacking overt T cell activation. These data indicate that both conventional and plasmacytoid DCs are critical regulators in the development of this systemic Ab-mediated autoimmune disease, in large part through the production of IL-12 and type 1 IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Isakson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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23
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The role of interleukin-2 during homeostasis and activation of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:180-90. [PMID: 22343569 DOI: 10.1038/nri3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1144] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signals influence various lymphocyte subsets during differentiation, immune responses and homeostasis. As discussed in this Review, stimulation with IL-2 is crucial for the maintenance of regulatory T (T(Reg)) cells and for the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells into defined effector T cell subsets following antigen-mediated activation. For CD8(+) T cells, IL-2 signals optimize both effector T cell generation and differentiation into memory cells. IL-2 is presented in soluble form or bound to dendritic cells and the extracellular matrix. Use of IL-2 - either alone or in complex with particular neutralizing IL-2-specific antibodies - can amplify CD8(+) T cell responses or induce the expansion of the T(Reg) cell population, thus favouring either immune stimulation or suppression.
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