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Boter M, Diaz I. Contrasting defence mechanisms against spider mite infestation in cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic legumes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 345:112118. [PMID: 38776983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complex interactions between plants and herbivores is essential for improving crop resistance. Aiming to expand the role of cyanogenesis in plant defence, we investigated the response of the cyanogenic Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) and the non-cyanogenic Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) to Tetranychus urticae (spider mite) infestation. Despite mite infesting both legumes, leaf damage infringed by this feeder was reduced in lima bean. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed that both species exhibited substantial metabolic and transcriptional changes upon infestation, although alterations in P. lunatus were significantly more pronounced. Specific differences in amino acid homeostasis and key genes associated with the cyanogenic pathway were observed in these species, as well as the upregulation of the mandelonitrile lyase gene (PlMNL1) following T. urticae feeding. Concomitantly, the PIMNL1 activity increased. Lima bean plants also displayed an induction of β-cyanoalanine synthase (PlCYSC1), a key enzyme for cyanide detoxification, suggesting an internal regulatory mechanism to manage the toxicity of their defence responses. These findings contribute to our understanding of the legume-herbivore interactions and underscore the potential role of cyanogenesis in the elaboration of specific defensive responses, even within the same genus, which may reflect distinctive evolutionary adaptations or varying metabolic capabilities between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boter
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid 20223, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Madrid 20223, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
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Kaur D, Schedl A, Lafleur C, Martinez Henao J, van Dam NM, Rivoal J, Bede JC. Arabidopsis Transcriptomics Reveals the Role of Lipoxygenase2 (AtLOX2) in Wound-Induced Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5898. [PMID: 38892085 PMCID: PMC11173247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In wounded Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, four 13S-lipoxygenases (AtLOX2, AtLOX3, AtLOX4, AtLOX6) act in a hierarchical manner to contribute to the jasmonate burst. This leads to defense responses with LOX2 playing an important role in plant resistance against caterpillar herb-ivory. In this study, we sought to characterize the impact of AtLOX2 on wound-induced phytohormonal and transcriptional responses to foliar mechanical damage using wildtype (WT) and lox2 mutant plants. Compared with WT, the lox2 mutant had higher constitutive levels of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced expression of SA-responsive genes. This suggests that AtLOX2 may be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonates that are involved in the antagonism of SA biosynthesis. As expected, the jasmonate burst in response to wounding was dampened in lox2 plants. Generally, 1 h after wounding, genes linked to jasmonate biosynthesis, jasmonate signaling attenuation and abscisic acid-responsive genes, which are primarily involved in wound sealing and healing, were differentially regulated between WT and lox2 mutants. Twelve h after wounding, WT plants showed stronger expression of genes associated with plant protection against insect herbivory. This study highlights the dynamic nature of jasmonate-responsive gene expression and the contribution of AtLOX2 to this pathway and plant resistance against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diljot Kaur
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E., Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;
| | - Andreas Schedl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 52, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (N.M.v.D.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ), Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Lafleur
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
| | - Julian Martinez Henao
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 52, 04103 Leipzig, Germany (N.M.v.D.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyerweg-1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Jean Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke E., Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;
| | - Jacqueline C. Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 rue Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (D.K.); (J.M.H.)
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Teng D, Liu D, Khashaveh A, Lv B, Sun P, Geng T, Cui H, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Engineering DMNT emission in cotton enhances direct and indirect defense against mirid bugs. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00212-1. [PMID: 38806097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an important herbivore-induced plant volatile, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) is known for its defensive role against multiple insect pests, including attracting natural enemies. A terpene synthase (GhTPS14) and two cytochrome P450 (GhCYP82L1, GhCYP82L2) enzymes are involved in the de novo synthesis of DMNT in cotton. We conducted a study to test the potential of manipulating DMNT-synthesizing enzymes to enhance plant resistance to insects. OBJECTIVES To manipulate DMNT emissions in cotton and generate cotton lines with increased resistance to mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. METHODS Biosynthesis and emission of DMNT by cotton plants were altered using CRISPR/Cas9 and overexpression approaches. Dynamic headspace sampling and GC-MS analysis were used to collect, identify and quantify volatiles. The attractiveness and suitability of cotton lines against mirid bug and its parasitoid Peristenus spretus were evaluated through various assays. RESULTS No DMNT emission was detected in knockout CAS-L1L2 line, where both GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2 were knocked out. In contrast, gene-overexpressed lines released higher amounts of DMNT when infested by A. lucorum. At the flowering stage, L114 (co-overexpressing GhCYP82L1 and GhTPS14) emitted 10-15-fold higher amounts than controls. DMNT emission in overexpressed transgenic lines could be triggered by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Apolygus lucorum and its parasitoid were far less attracted to the double edited CAS-L1L2 plants, however, co-overexpressed line L114 significantly attracted bugs and female wasps. A high dose of DMNT, comparable to the emission of L114, significantly inhibited the growth of A. lucorum, and further resulted in higher mortalities. CONCLUSION Turning down DMNT emission attenuated the behavioral preferences of A. lucorum to cotton. Genetically modified cotton plants with elevated DMNT emission not only recruited parasitoids to enhance indirect defense, but also formed an ecological trap to kill the bugs. Therefore, manipulation of DMNT biosynthesis and emission in plants presents a promising strategy for controlling mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Geng
- National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- Biocentury Transgene (China) Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sun X, Hu C, Yi G, Zhang X. Identification and characterization of two P450 enzymes from Citrus sinensis involved in TMTT and DMNT biosyntheses and Asian citrus psyllid defense. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae037. [PMID: 38617747 PMCID: PMC11009467 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The homoterpenes (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) are the major herbivore-induced plant volatiles that help in defense directly by acting as repellants and indirectly by recruiting insects' natural enemies. In this study, DMNT and TMTT were confirmed to be emitted from citrus (Citrus sinensis) leaves infested with Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama; ACP), and two cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2) were newly identified and characterized. Understanding the functions of these genes in citrus defense will help plan strategies to manage huanglongbing caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and spread by ACP. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2 were significantly upregulated in citrus leaves after ACP infestation. Yeast recombinant expression and enzyme assays indicated that CsCYP82L1 and CsCYP82L2 convert (E)-nerolidol to DMNT and (E,E)-geranyllinalool to TMTT. However, citrus calluses stably overexpressing CsCYP82L1 generated only DMNT, whereas those overexpressing CsCYP82L2 produced DMNT and TMTT. Furthermore, ACPs preferred wild-type lemon (Citrus limon) over the CsCYP82L1-overexpressing line in dual-choice feeding assays and mineral oil over TMTT or DMNT in behavioral bioassays. Finally, yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that CsERF017, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, directly bound to the CCGAC motif and activated CsCYP82L1. Moreover, the transient overexpression of CsERF017 in lemon leaves upregulated CsCYP82L1 in the absence and presence of ACP infestation. These results provide novel insights into homoterpene biosynthesis in C. sinensis and demonstrate the effect of homoterpenes on ACP behavior, laying a foundation to genetically manipulate homoterpene biosynthesis for application in huanglongbing and ACP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Sun
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Liu X, Ma Y, Bu J, Lian C, Ma R, Li Q, Jiao X, Hu Z, Chen Y, Chen S, Guo J, Huang L. Characterization of CYP82 genes involved in the biosynthesis of structurally diverse benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:23. [PMID: 38453737 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) represent a significant class of secondary metabolites with crucial roles in plant physiology and substantial potential for clinical applications. CYP82 genes are involved in the formation and modification of various BIA skeletons, contributing to the structural diversity of compounds. In this study, Corydalis yanhusuo, a traditional Chinese medicine rich in BIAs, was investigated to identify the catalytic function of CYP82s during BIA formation. Specifically, 20 CyCYP82-encoding genes were cloned, and their functions were identified in vitro. Ten of these CyCYP82s were observed to catalyze hydroxylation, leading to the formation of protopine and benzophenanthridine scaffolds. Furthermore, the correlation between BIA accumulation and the expression of CyCYP82s in different tissues of C. yanhusuo was assessed their. The identification and characterization of CyCYP82s provide novel genetic elements that can advance the synthetic biology of BIA compounds such as protopine and benzophenanthridine, and offer insights into the biosynthesis of BIAs with diverse structures in C. yanhusuo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Junling Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Conglong Lian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qishuang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiang Jiao
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suiqing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Bertella A, Gavril GL, Wrona M, Pezo D, Sidaoui A, Benlahcen K, Kihal M, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Salafranca J, Nerín C. Analysis of Bioactive Aroma Compounds in Essential Oils from Algerian Plants: Implications for Potential Antioxidant Applications. Foods 2024; 13:749. [PMID: 38472862 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In samples of Artemisia campestris (AC), Artemisia herba-alba (AHA) and Salvia jordanii (SJ) essential oils, up to 200 distinct volatile compounds were identified. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-O-MS), different panelists detected 52 of these compounds. This study offers the most detailed analysis of bioactive compound profiles conducted so far. The most abundant compounds identified were curcumene, making up 12.96% of AC, and camphor, constituting 21.67% of AHA and 19.15% of SJ. The compounds with the highest odor activity value (OAV) were (E,Z)-2,4-nonadienal (geranium, pungent), 3-nonenal (cucumber) and 2-undecenal (sweet) in AC, AHA and SJ, respectively. AHA essential oil showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 41.73 ± 4.14 mg/g) and hydroxyl radical generation (hydroxylation percentage = 29.62 ± 3.14), as assessed by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. In terms of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), the strongest antioxidant activity was obtained for SJ essential oil (antioxidant activity of the essential oils, AOX = 337.49 ± 9.87).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Bertella
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, Abbes Laghrour Khenchela University, BP 1252 Road of Batna, Khenchela 40004, Algeria
| | - Georgiana-Luminita Gavril
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Wrona
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (EINA), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3 (Edificio Torres Quevedo), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Davinson Pezo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca Km. 299, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Abouamama Sidaoui
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Biology, Amine Elokkal El Hadj Moussa Egakhamouk University of Tamanghasset, Tamanghasset 11000, Algeria
| | - Kheira Benlahcen
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed BenBella, Oran 31100, Algeria
| | - Mebrouk Kihal
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed BenBella, Oran 31100, Algeria
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jesús Salafranca
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (EINA), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3 (Edificio Torres Quevedo), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (EINA), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3 (Edificio Torres Quevedo), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Ma M, Li M, Wu Z, Liang X, Zheng Q, Li D, Wang G, An T. The microbial biosynthesis of noncanonical terpenoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:226. [PMID: 38381229 PMCID: PMC10881772 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids are a class of structurally complex, naturally occurring compounds found predominantly in plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolites. Classical terpenoids typically have carbon atoms in multiples of five and follow well-defined carbon skeletons, whereas noncanonical terpenoids deviate from these patterns. These noncanonical terpenoids often result from the methyltransferase-catalyzed methylation modification of substrate units, leading to irregular carbon skeletons. In this comprehensive review, various activities and applications of these noncanonical terpenes have been summarized. Importantly, the review delves into the biosynthetic pathways of noncanonical terpenes, including those with C6, C7, C11, C12, and C16 carbon skeletons, in bacteria and fungi host. It also covers noncanonical triterpenes synthesized from non-squalene substrates and nortriterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum, providing detailed examples to elucidate the intricate biosynthetic processes involved. Finally, the review outlines the potential future applications of noncanonical terpenoids. In conclusion, the insights gathered from this review provide a reference for understanding the biosynthesis of these noncanonical terpenes and pave the way for the discovery of additional unique and novel noncanonical terpenes. KEY POINTS: •The activities and applications of noncanonical terpenoids are introduced. •The noncanonical terpenoids with irregular carbon skeletons are presented. •The microbial biosynthesis of noncanonical terpenoids is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ma
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Zhenke Wu
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiqin Liang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Defang Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Guoli Wang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Tianyue An
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Dötterl S, Gershenzon J. Chemistry, biosynthesis and biology of floral volatiles: roles in pollination and other functions. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1901-1937. [PMID: 37661854 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2023Floral volatiles are a chemically diverse group of plant metabolites that serve multiple functions. Their composition is shaped by environmental, ecological and evolutionary factors. This review will summarize recent advances in floral scent research from chemical, molecular and ecological perspectives. It will focus on the major chemical classes of floral volatiles, on notable new structures, and on recent discoveries regarding the biosynthesis and the regulation of volatile emission. Special attention will be devoted to the various functions of floral volatiles, not only as attractants for different types of pollinators, but also as defenses of flowers against enemies. We will also summarize recent findings on how floral volatiles are affected by abiotic stressors, such as increased temperatures and drought, and by other organisms, such as herbivores and flower-dwelling microbes. Finally, this review will indicate current research gaps, such as the very limited knowledge of the isomeric pattern of chiral compounds and its importance in interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Aghaali Z, Naghavi MR. Engineering of CYP82Y1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase: a key enzyme in noscapine biosynthesis in opium poppy. Biochem J 2023; 480:2009-2022. [PMID: 38063234 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein engineering provides a powerful base for the circumvention of challenges tied with characteristics accountable for enzyme functions. CYP82Y1 introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into C1 of N-methylcanadine as the substrate to yield 1-hydroxy-N-methylcanadine. This chemical process has been found to be the gateway to noscapine biosynthesis. Owning to the importance of CYP82Y1 in this biosynthetic pathway, it has been selected as a target for enzyme engineering. The insertion of tags to the N- and C-terminal of CYP82Y1 was assessed for their efficiencies for improvement of the physiological performances of CYP82Y1. Although these attempts achieved some positive results, further strategies are required to dramatically enhance the CYP82Y1 activity. Here methods that have been adopted to achieve a functionally improved CYP82Y1 will be reviewed. In addition, the possibility of recruitment of other techniques having not yet been implemented in CYP82Y1 engineering, including the substitution of the residues located in the substrate recognition site, formation of the synthetic fusion proteins, and construction of the artificial lipid-based scaffold will be discussed. Given the fact that the pace of noscapine synthesis is constrained by the CYP82Y1-catalyzing step, the methods proposed here are capable of accelerating the rate of reaction performed by CYP82Y1 through improving its properties, resulting in the enhancement of noscapine accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghaali
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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10
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Yadav M, Panwar R, Rustagi A, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of Spodoptera litura-inducible Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene family in Glycine max elucidate their role in defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221526. [PMID: 38023937 PMCID: PMC10654349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile organisms and lacking both circulating phagocytic cells and somatic adaptive immune response, have thrived on various defense mechanisms to fend off insect pests and invasion of pathogens. CYP450s are the versatile enzymes, which thwart plants against insect pests by ubiquitous biosynthesis of phytohormones, antioxidants, and secondary metabolites, utilizing them as feeding deterrents and direct toxins. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of biotic stress-responsive CYPs from Glycine max was performed to ascertain their function against S. litura-infestation. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary studies on conserved domains and motifs disclosed the evolutionary correspondence of these GmCYPs with already characterized members of the CYP450 superfamily and close relatedness to Medicago truncatula. These GmCYPs were mapped on 13 chromosomes; they possess 1-8 exons; they have evolved due to duplication and are localized in endoplasmic reticulumn. Further, identification of methyl-jasmonate, salicylic acid, defense responsive and flavonoid biosynthesis regulating cis-acting elements, their interaction with biotic stress regulating proteins and their differential expression in diverse types of tissues, and during herbivory, depicted their responsiveness to biotic stress. Three-dimensional homology modelling of GmCYPs, docking with heme cofactor required for their catalytic activity and enzyme-substrate interactions were performed to understand the functional mechanism of their action. Moreover, to gain insight into their involvement in plant defense, gene expression analysis was evaluated, which revealed differential expression of 11 GmCYPs upon S. litura-infestation, 12 GmCYPs on wounding while foliar spray of ethylene, methyl-jasmonate and salicylic acid differentially regulated 11 GmCYPs, 6 GmCYPs, and 10 GmCYPs respectively. Our study comprehensively analysed the underlying mechanism of GmCYPs function during S. litura-infestation, which can be further utilized for functional characterization to develop new strategies for enhancing soybean resistance to insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Rustagi
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amit Roy
- Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, EXTEMIT-K, EVA 4.0, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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11
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Zhang Y, Kashkooli AB, Blom S, Zhao T, Bouwmeester HJ, Kappers IF. The Capsicum terpenoid biosynthetic module is affected by spider-mite herbivory. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:303-321. [PMID: 37995005 PMCID: PMC10721696 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In response to herbivory, Capsicum annuum leaves adapt their specialized metabolome that may protect the plant against herbivore feeding either directly or indirectly through volatile metabolites acting as cues for natural enemies of the herbivore. The volatile blend of spider-mite infested leaves differs from non-challenged leaves predominantly by a higher contribution of mono- and sesquiterpenes. In addition to these terpenoids released into the headspace, the terpenoid composition of the leaves alters upon herbivory. All this suggests an important role for terpenoids and their biosynthetic machinery in the defence against herbivory. Here, we show that the C. annuum genome contains a terpene synthase (TPS) gene family of 103 putative members of which structural analysis revealed that 27 encode functional enzymes. Transcriptome analysis showed that several TPS loci were differentially expressed upon herbivory in leaves of two C. annuum genotypes, that differ in susceptibility towards spider mites. The relative expression of upstream biosynthetic genes from the mevalonate and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway also altered upon herbivory, revealing a shift in the metabolic flux through the terpene biosynthetic module. The expression of multiple genes potentially acting downstream of the TPSs, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, UDP-glucosyl transferases, and transcription factors strongly correlated with the herbivory-induced TPS genes. A selection of herbivory-induced TPS genes was functionally characterized through heterologous expression and the products that these enzymes catalysed matched with the volatile and non-volatile terpenoids induced in response to herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arman B Kashkooli
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Suze Blom
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhao
- Biosystematics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xi'an, China
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Ling Z, Li J, Dong Y, Zhang W, Bai H, Li S, Wang S, Li H, Shi L. Terpene produced by coexpression of the TPS and P450 genes from Lavandula angustifolia protects plants from herbivore attacks during budding stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:477. [PMID: 37807036 PMCID: PMC10561503 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
To deter herbivore attacks, plants employ a diverse array of volatile compounds, particularly during the early developmental stages. The highly expressed genes LaTPS7, LaTPS8, and LaCYP71D582 were identified during the budding phases of Lavandula angustifolia. In vitro studies revealed that LaTPS7 generated nine distinct compounds, including camphene, myrcene, and limonene. LaTPS8 enzymatically converted eight volatiles by utilizing geranyl diphosphate and nerolidyl diphosphate as substrates. Overexpression of plastid-localized LaTPS7 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the production of limonene. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum-associated enzyme LaCYP71D582 potentially converted limonene into carveol. In N. benthamiana, LaTPS8 is responsible for the synthesis of α-pinene and sylvestrene. Furthermore, leaves transfected with LaTPS7 and leaves cotransfected with LaTPS7 and LaCYP71D582 exhibited a repellent effect on aphids, with an approximate rate of 70%. In comparison, leaves with an empty vector displayed a repellent rate of approximately 20%. Conversely, tobacco leaves expressing LaTPS7 attracted ladybugs at a rate of 48.33%, while leaves coexpressing LaTPS7 and LaCYP71D582 attracted ladybugs at a slightly higher rate of 58.33%. Subsequent authentic standard tests confirmed that limonene and carveol repel Myzus persicae while attracting Harmonia axyridis. The promoter activity of LaTPS7 and LaCYP71D582 was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana using GUS staining, and it was observed that wounding stimulated the expression of LaTPS7. The volatile compounds produced by LaTPS7, LaTPS8, and LaCYP71D582 play a crucial role in plant defence mechanisms. In practical applications, employing biological control measures based on plant-based approaches can promote human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shu Li
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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13
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Zhang W, Li H, Li Q, Wang Z, Zeng W, Yin H, Qi K, Zou Y, Hu J, Huang B, Gu P, Qiao X, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification, comparative analysis and functional roles in flavonoid biosynthesis of cytochrome P450 superfamily in pear (Pyrus spp.). BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:58. [PMID: 37789271 PMCID: PMC10548706 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily is the largest enzyme metabolism family in plants identified to date, and it is involved in many biological processes, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, hormone metabolism and stress resistance. However, the P450 gene superfamily has not been well studied in pear (Pyrus spp.). RESULTS Here, the comprehensive identification and a comparative analysis of P450 superfamily members were conducted in cultivated and wild pear genomes. In total, 338, 299 and 419 P450 genes were identified in Chinese white pear, European pear and the wild pear, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, pear P450 genes were divided into ten clans, comprising 48 families. The motif and gene structure analyses further supported this classification. The expansion of the pear P450 gene family was attributed to whole-genome and single-gene duplication events. Several P450 gene clusters were detected, which have resulted from tandem and proximal duplications. Purifying selection was the major force imposed on the long-term evolution of P450 genes. Gene dosage balance, subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization jointly drove the retention and functional diversification of P450 gene pairs. Based on the association analysis between transcriptome expression profiles and flavonoid content during fruit development, three candidate genes were identified as being closely associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis, and the expression of one gene was further verified using qRT-PCR and its function was validated through transient transformation in pear fruit. CONCLUSIONS The study results provide insights into the evolution and biological functions of P450 genes in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zewen Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Baisha Huang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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14
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Chakraborty P, Biswas A, Dey S, Bhattacharjee T, Chakrabarty S. Cytochrome P450 Gene Families: Role in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production and Plant Defense. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:402-423. [PMID: 37606423 PMCID: PMC10443375 DOI: 10.3390/jox13030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the most prominent family of enzymes involved in NADPH- and O2-dependent hydroxylation processes throughout all spheres of life. CYPs are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics in plants, insects, and other organisms. In addition to performing this function, CYPs serve as flexible catalysts and are essential for producing secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses frequently affect the growth and development of plants. They cause a dramatic decrease in crop yield and a deterioration in crop quality. Plants protect themselves against these stresses through different mechanisms, which are accomplished by the active participation of CYPs in several biosynthetic and detoxifying pathways. There are immense potentialities for using CYPs as a candidate for developing agricultural crop species resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. This review provides an overview of the plant CYP families and their functions to plant secondary metabolite production and defense against different biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Ashok Biswas
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Dey
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Swapan Chakrabarty
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- College of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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15
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Li C, Zha W, Li W, Wang J, You A. Advances in the Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Their Ecological Functions in Plant Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11561. [PMID: 37511319 PMCID: PMC10380271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolism plays an important role in the adaptation of plants to their environments, particularly by mediating bio-interactions and protecting plants from herbivores, insects, and pathogens. Terpenoids form the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, and their biosynthesis and regulation are extremely complicated. Terpenoids are key players in the interactions and defense reactions between plants, microorganisms, and animals. Terpene compounds are of great significance both to plants themselves and the ecological environment. On the one hand, while protecting plants themselves, they can also have an impact on the environment, thereby affecting the evolution of plant communities and even ecosystems. On the other hand, their economic value is gradually becoming clear in various aspects of human life; their potential is enormous, and they have broad application prospects. Therefore, research on terpenoids is crucial for plants, especially crops. This review paper is mainly focused on the following six aspects: plant terpenes (especially terpene volatiles and plant defense); their ecological functions; their biosynthesis and transport; related synthesis genes and their regulation; terpene homologues; and research and application prospects. We will provide readers with a systematic introduction to terpenoids covering the above aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wenjun Zha
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Li Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Zeng Y, Li W, Ma X, Huang L, Shen Y. Whole-Genome Resequencing Reveals the Diversity of Patchouli Germplasm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10970. [PMID: 37446145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important medicinal and aromatic plant, patchouli is distributed throughout most of Asia. However, current research on patchouli's genetic diversity is limited and lacks genome-wide studies. Here, we have collected seven representative patchouli accessions from different localities and performed whole-genome resequencing on them. In total, 402,650 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 153,233 insertions/deletions (INDELs) were detected. Based on these abundant genetic variants, patchouli accessions were primarily classified into the Chinese group and the Southeast Asian group. However, the accession SP (Shipai) collected from China formed a distinct subgroup within the Southeast Asian group. As SP has been used as a genuine herb in traditional Chinese medicine, its unique molecular markers have been subsequently screened and verified. For 26,144 specific SNPs and 16,289 specific INDELs in SP, 10 of them were validated using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) following three different approaches. Further, we analyzed the effects of total genetic variants on genes involved in the sesquiterpene synthesis pathway, which produce the primary phytochemical compounds found in patchouli. Eight genes were ultimately investigated and a gene encoding nerolidol synthetase (PatNES) was chosen and confirmed through biochemical assay. In accession YN, genetic variants in PatNES led to a loss of synthetase activity. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the diversity of patchouli germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yiqiong Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaona Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
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17
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Wang W, Wang MY, Zeng Y, Chen X, Wang X, Barrington AM, Tao J, Atkinson RG, Nieuwenhuizen NJ. The terpene synthase (TPS) gene family in kiwifruit shows high functional redundancy and a subset of TPS likely fulfil overlapping functions in fruit flavour, floral bouquet and defence. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 37789478 PMCID: PMC10514967 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenes are important compounds that influence fruit flavour and aroma of kiwifruit. Terpenes in plants also impact on the floral bouquet and defence against pests and pathogens in leaves and fruit. To better understand the overlapping roles that terpenes may fulfil in plants, a systematic gene, chemical and biochemical analysis of terpenes and terpene synthases (TPS) was undertaken in Red5 kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). Analysis of the Red5 genome shows it contains only 22 TPS gene models, of which fifteen encode full-length TPS. Thirteen TPS can account for the major terpene volatiles produced in different tissues of Red5 kiwifruit and in response to different stimuli. The small Red5 TPS family displays surprisingly high functional redundancy with five TPS producing linalool/nerolidol. Treatment of leaves and fruit with methyl jasmonate enhanced expression of a subset of defence-related TPS genes and stimulated the release of terpenes. Six TPS genes were induced upon herbivory of leaves by the economically important insect pest Ctenopseustis obliquana (brown-headed leaf roller) and emission, but not accumulation, of (E)- and (Z)-nerolidol was strongly linked to herbivory. Our results provide a framework to understand the overlapping biological and ecological roles of terpenes in Actinidia and other horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Mindy Y. Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anne M. Barrington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Chen H, Chen C, Huang S, Zhao M, Wang T, Jiang T, Wang C, Tao Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Tang Q, Li P. Inactivation of RPX1 in Arabidopsis confers resistance to Plutella xylostella through the accumulation of the homoterpene DMNT. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:946-961. [PMID: 36582057 PMCID: PMC10107731 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lepidopteran crop pest Plutella xylostella causes severe constraints on Brassica cultivation. Here, we report a novel role for RPX1 (resistance to P. xylostella) in resistance to this pest in Arabidopsis thaliana. The rpx1-1 mutant repels P. xylostella larvae, and feeding on the rpx1-1 mutant severely damages the peritrophic matrix structure in the midgut of the larvae, thereby negatively affecting larval growth and pupation. This resistance results from the accumulation of defence compounds, including the homoterpene (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), due to the upregulation of PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENE SYNTHASE 1 (PEN1), which encodes a key DMNT biosynthetic enzyme. P. xylostella infestation and wounding induce RPX1 protein degradation, which may confer a rapid response to insect infestation. RPX1 inactivation and PEN1 overexpression are not associated with negative trade-offs for plant growth but have much higher seed production than the wild-type in the presence of P. xylostella infestation. This study offers a new strategy for plant molecular breeding against P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Chen
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chen Chen
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
- Department of Microbiology, the Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Shijie Huang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Tengyue Wang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Taoshan Jiang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yunhe Wang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Wanyi Wang
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant ProtectionAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
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Wang Z, Nelson DR, Zhang J, Wan X, Peters RJ. Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:452-469. [PMID: 36472136 PMCID: PMC9945934 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2014-2022.Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants builds on the necessary production of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) for photosynthetic pigment production, with diterpenoid biosynthesis arising very early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom. This review will build upon that previously published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology, with a stronger focus on enzyme structure-function relationships, as well as additional insights into the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism since generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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20
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Ma L, Tu L, Hu T, Wu X, Su P, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li D, Zhou J, Yin Y, Tong Y, Zhao H, Lu Y, Wang J, Gao W, Huang L. Tandemly duplicated CYP82Ds catalyze 14-hydroxylation in triptolide biosynthesis and precursor production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat Commun 2023; 14:875. [PMID: 36797237 PMCID: PMC9936527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a valuable multipotent antitumor diterpenoid in Tripterygium wilfordii, and its C-14 hydroxyl group is often selected for modification to enhance both the bioavailability and antitumor efficacy. However, the mechanism for 14-hydroxylation formation remains unknown. Here, we discover 133 kb of tandem duplicated CYP82Ds encoding 11 genes on chromosome 12 and characterize CYP82D274 and CYP82D263 as 14-hydroxylases that catalyze the metabolic grid in triptolide biosynthesis. The two CYP82Ds catalyze the aromatization of miltiradiene, which has been repeatedly reported to be a spontaneous process. In vivo assays and evaluations of the kinetic parameters of CYP82Ds indicate the most significant affinity to dehydroabietic acid among multiple intermediates. The precursor 14-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid is successfully produced by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study provides genetic elements for further elucidation of the downstream biosynthetic pathways and heterologous production of triptolide and of the currently intractable biosynthesis of other 14-hydroxyl labdane-type secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Feng M, Chen C, Qu-Bie J, Qu-Bie A, Bao X, Cui Q, Yan X, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang S. Metabolome and transcriptome associated analysis of sesquiterpenoid metabolism in Nardostachys jatamansi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1041321. [PMID: 36523614 PMCID: PMC9746346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nardostachys jatamansi, an extremely endangered valuable plant of the alpine Himalayas, can synthesize specific sesquiterpenoids with multiple effective therapies and is widely exploited for the preparation of drugs, cosmetics and even religious functions (e.g., well-known spikenard). However, how accumulation trend of the sesquiterpenoids in tissues and the molecular mechanisms underlying the production of the active ingredients are not well understood. METHODS The single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing were combined to analyse the roots, rhizomes, leaves, flowers and anthocaulus of N. jatamansi. The phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). RESULTS A high-quality full-length reference transcriptome with 26,503 unigenes was generated for the first time. For volatile components, a total of sixty-five compounds were successfully identified, including fifty sesquiterpenoids. Their accumulation levels in five tissues were significantly varied, and most of the sesquiterpenoids were mainly enriched in roots and rhizomes. In addition, five aromatic compounds were only detected in flowers, which may help the plant attract insects for pollination. For nonvolatile ingredients, nardosinone-type sesquiterpenoids (nardosinone, kanshone C, and isonardosinone) were detected almost exclusively in roots and rhizomes. The candidate genes associated with sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis were identified by transcriptome analysis. Consistently, it was found that most biosynthesis genes were abundantly expressed in the roots and rhizomes according to the functional enrichment and expression patterns results. There was a positive correlation between the expression profile of genes related to the biosynthesis and the accumulation level of sesquiterpenoids in tissues. Gene family function analysis identified 28 NjTPSs and 43 NjCYPs that may be involved in the biosynthesis of the corresponding sesquiterpenoids. Furthermore, gene family functional analysis and gene coexpression network analysis revealed 28 NjTPSs and 43 NjCYPs associated with nardosinone-type sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. CONCLUSION Our research results reveal the framework of sesquiterpenoids accumulation and biosynthesis in plant tissues and provide valuable support for further studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of sesquiterpenoid regulation and accumulation in N. jatamansi and will also contribute to the comprehensive utilization of this alpine plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkang Feng
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhang Qu-Bie
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Axiang Qu-Bie
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Analysis and Application Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinjia Yan
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoshan Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Huang H, Ji H, Ju S, Lin W, Li J, Lv X, Lin L, Guo L, Qiu D, Yan J, Ma X. Pantranscriptome combined with phenotypic quantification reveals germplasm kinship and regulation network of bract color variation in Bougainvillea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018846. [PMID: 36466294 PMCID: PMC9713818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bracts are the metamorphic non-flower organ in angiosperm plants. The variation of the color and shape of bracts was found to be neo-functionalized (i.e., similar to petals), garnering research interest as a pollinator attractor. Bougainvillea is known for its specialized, large, and colorful bracts, which contrast with its tiny colorless flowers. As a plant whose bracts vary greatly in terms of coloration, the molecular mechanisms for Bougainvillea bract coloration and polychroism are largely unknown. The lack of genomic information for Bougainvillea largely hinders studies into the evolution and genetic basis of bract color variation. In this study, a pan-transcriptome of bracts obtained from 18 Bougainvillea glabra accessions was employed to investigate the global population-level germplasm kinship and the gene regulation network for bract color variation. Our results showed that the bracts of B. glabra accessions have largely differentiated International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L-a-b values. Moreover, germplasm kinship detected using principal component analysis, phylogeny, and admixture analysis showed three optimal subgroups, two of them distinctly clustered, which were not directly correlated with bract color variation at the population level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between accessions of high vs. low L-a-b values revealed several considerable upregulated genes related to bract color L-a-b variation. A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed, and eight co-expressed regulation modules were identified that were highly correlated with variation in bract CIE L-a-b color values. Several candidate DEGs and co-expressed hub genes (e.g., GERD, SGR, ABCA3, GST, CYP76AD1, CYP76C, and JAZ) that were tightly associated with bract color variation were eventually determined responsible for L-a-b colorations, which might be the core regulation factors contributing to the B. glabra bract color variation. This study provides valuable insights into the research on germplasm kinship, population-level pan-transcriptome expression profiles, and the molecular basis of color variation of key innovative bracts in horticultural Bougainvillea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Huang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Yuanshan Institute of Bougainvillea in Longhai, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Ji
- Vegetable and Flower Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Song Ju
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuanrui Lv
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixian Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijin Guo
- International Magnesium Institute, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Yan
- Yuanshan Institute of Bougainvillea in Longhai, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Meng X, Zhang T, Chen C, Li Q, Liu J. Regulatory network of ginsenoside biosynthesis under Ro stress in the hairy roots of Panax ginseng revealed by RNA sequencing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1006386. [PMID: 36394021 PMCID: PMC9659575 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1006386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P. ginseng C.A. Meyer is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine that belongs to the Araliaceae family. Major obstacles to the continuous cropping of ginseng have severely restricted the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. The allelopathic effects of triterpenoid saponins play an important role in disorders related to continuous cropping; however, the mechanisms underlying the allelopathic autotoxicity of triterpenoid ginsenosides remain unknown. In this study, we performed mRNA and miRNA sequencing analyses to identify candidate genes and miRNAs that respond differentially to ginsenoside Ro stress in ginseng and their targets. The growth of the ginseng hairy roots was significantly inhibited under Ro stress (0.5 mg/L, Ro-0.5). The inhibition of root growth and injury to root-tip cells promoted the accumulation of the endogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid and inhibited the accumulation of abscisic acid and jasmonate acid. The accumulation of ginsenosides, except Rg3, was significantly inhibited under Ro-0.5 stress. An mRNA analysis of the Ro-0.5 and control groups showed that differentially expressed genes were mostly concentrated in the hormone signal transduction pathway. ARF7 and EFM were upregulated, whereas XTH23 and ZOX1 were downregulated. These genes represent important potential candidates for hormone-responsive continuous cropping diseases. In total, 74 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified based on the miRNA sequencing analysis, of which 22 were upregulated and 52 were downregulated. The target genes of ptc-miR156k_L + 1, mtr-miR156b-5p, gma-miR156a_R + 1, and mtr-miR156e all belonged to TRINITY_DN14567_c0_g4, which is a gene in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. These four miRNAs were all negatively correlated with mRNA, indicating their likely involvement in the response of ginseng to continuous cropping disorders and the regulation of ginsenoside synthesis. Our findings provide useful insights for removing the barriers to continuous ginseng cropping and have important implications in the genetic engineering of plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Zhang
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Changbao Chen,
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24
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Insights into the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Superfamily in Osmanthus fragrans and the Role of OfCYP142 in Linalool Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012150. [PMID: 36293004 PMCID: PMC9602793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans flowers have long been used as raw materials in food, tea, beverage, and perfume industries due to their attractive and strong fragrance. The P450 superfamily proteins have been reported to widely participate in the synthesis of plant floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To investigate the potential functions of P450 superfamily proteins in the fragrance synthesis of O. fragrans, we investigated the P450 superfamily genome wide. A total of 276 P450 genes were identified belonging to 40 families. The RNA-seq data suggested that many OfCYP genes were preferentially expressed in the flower or other organs, and some were also induced by multiple abiotic stresses. The expression patterns of seven flower-preferentially expressed OfCYPs during the five different flower aroma content stages were further explored using quantitative real-time PCR, showing that the CYP94C subfamily member OfCYP142 had the highest positive correlation with linalool synthesis gene OfTPS2. The transient expression of OfCYP142 in O. fragrans petals suggested that OfCYP142 can increase the content of linalool, an important VOC of the O. fragrans floral aroma, and a similar result was also obtained in flowers of OfCYP142 transgenic tobacco. Combined with RNA-seq data of the transiently transformed O. fragrans petals, we found that the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites was significantly enriched, and many 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway genes were also upregulated. This evidence indicated that the OfCYP proteins may play critical roles in the flower development and abiotic response of O. fragrans, and that OfCYP142 can participate in linalool synthesis. This study provides valuable information about the functions of P450 genes and a valuable guide for studying further functions of OfCYPs in promoting fragrance biosynthesis of ornamental plants.
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25
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Expanding the terpene biosynthetic code with non-canonical 16 carbon atom building blocks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5188. [PMID: 36057727 PMCID: PMC9440906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Humankind relies on specialized metabolites for medicines, flavors, fragrances, and numerous other valuable biomaterials. However, the chemical space occupied by specialized metabolites, and, thus, their application potential, is limited because their biosynthesis is based on only a handful of building blocks. Engineering organisms to synthesize alternative building blocks will bypass this limitation and enable the sustainable production of molecules with non-canonical chemical structures, expanding the possible applications. Herein, we focus on isoprenoids and combine synthetic biology with protein engineering to construct yeast cells that synthesize 10 non-canonical isoprenoid building blocks with 16 carbon atoms. We identify suitable terpene synthases to convert these building blocks into C16 scaffolds and a cytochrome P450 to decorate the terpene scaffolds and produce different oxygenated compounds. Thus, we reconstruct the modular structure of terpene biosynthesis on 16-carbon backbones, synthesizing 28 different non-canonical terpenes, some of which have interesting odorant properties.
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26
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Gu D, Wu S, Yu Z, Zeng L, Qian J, Zhou X, Yang Z. Involvement of histone deacetylase CsHDA2 in regulating ( E)-nerolidol formation in tea ( Camellia sinensis) exposed to tea green leafhopper infestation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac158. [PMID: 36324644 PMCID: PMC9613726 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) help the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) adapt to environmental stress, and they are also quality-related components of tea. However, the upstream mechanism regulating the herbivore-induced expression of volatile biosynthesis genes is unclear, especially at the level of epigenetic regulation. In this study, similar to the effects of a tea green leafhopper infestation, treatments with exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and histone deacetylase inhibitors significantly increased the (E)-nerolidol content in tea and induced the expression of the associated biosynthesis gene CsNES. Furthermore, a key transcription factor related to JA signaling, myelocytomatosis 2 (CsMYC2), interacted with histone deacetylase 2 (CsHDA2) in vitro and in vivo. A tea green leafhopper infestation inhibited CsHDA2 expression and decreased CsHDA2 abundance. Moreover, the tea green leafhopper infestation increased H3 and H4 acetylation levels in the promoter region of CsNES, which in turn upregulated the expression of CsNES and increased the (E)-nerolidol content. In this study, we revealed the effects of histone acetylations on the accumulation of HIPVs, while also confirming that CsHDA2-CsMYC2 is an important transcriptional regulatory module for the accumulation of (E)-nerolidol induced by tea green leafhoppers. The results of this study may be useful for characterizing plant aromatic compounds and the main upstream stress-responsive signaling molecules. Furthermore, the study findings will assist researchers clarify the epigenetic regulation influencing plant secondary metabolism in response to external stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiajia Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Identification of Putative Candidate Genes from Galphimia spp. Encoding Enzymes of the Galphimines Triterpenoids Synthesis Pathway with Anxiolytic and Sedative Effects. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141879. [PMID: 35890513 PMCID: PMC9318123 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Galphimia spp. is popularly used in Mexican traditional medicine. Some populations of Galphimia exert anxiolytic and sedative effects due to the presence of the modified triterpenoids galphimines. However, the galphimine synthesis pathway has not yet been elucidated. Hence, in this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis between two contrasting populations of Galphimia spp., a galphimine-producer, and a non-galphimine-producer, is performed using RNA-Seq in the Illumina Next Seq 550 platform to identify putative candidates genes that encode enzymes of this metabolic pathway. Transcriptome functional annotation was performed using the Blast2GO in levels of gene ontology. For differential expression analysis, edgeR, pheatmap, and Genie3 library were used. To validate transcriptome data, qPCR was conducted. In producer and non-producer plants of both populations of Galphimia spp., most of the transcripts were grouped in the Molecular Function level of gene ontology. A total of 680 differentially expressed transcripts between producer and non-producer plants were detected. In galphimine-producer plants, a larger number of highly expressed transcripts related to acyclic and polycyclic terpene synthesis were identified. As putative candidate genes involved in the galphimine synthesis pathway, P450 family members and enzymes with kinase activity were identified.
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28
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Ling S, Rizvi SAH, Xiong T, Liu J, Gu Y, Wang S, Zeng X. Volatile Signals From Guava Plants Prime Defense Signaling and Increase Jasmonate-Dependent Herbivore Resistance in Neighboring Citrus Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833562. [PMID: 35371180 PMCID: PMC8965645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can reduce agricultural pest incidence and represents an important sustainable alternative to conventional pest control methods. Citrus intercropped with guava (Psidium guajava L.) has a lower incidence of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) and huanglongbing disease (HLB), but the mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we tested whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by guava plants play a role in plant-plant communications and trigger defense responses in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) in the laboratory. The results showed that the behavioral preference and developmental performance of ACP on citrus plants that were exposed to guava VOCs were suppressed. The expression of defense-related pathways involved in early signaling, jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis, protease inhibitor (PI), terpenoid, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis was induced in guava VOC-exposed citrus plants. Headspace analysis revealed that guava plants constitutively emit high levels of (E)-β-caryophyllene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), which can induce the accumulation of JA and promote stronger defense responses of citrus to ACP feeding. In addition, exposure to guava VOCs also increased the indirect defense of citrus by attracting the parasitic wasp Tamarixia radiata. Together, our findings indicate that citrus plants can eavesdrop on the VOC cues emitted by neighboring intact guava plants to boost their JA-dependent anti-herbivore activities. The knowledge gained from this study will provide mechanisms underlying citrus-guava intercropping for the ecological management of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Ling
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Insect Pest Management Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ting Xiong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Deng H, Zhang Y, Reuss L, Suh JH, Yu Q, Liang G, Wang Y, Gmitter FG. Comparative Leaf Volatile Profiles of Two Contrasting Mandarin Cultivars against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Infection Illustrate Huanglongbing Tolerance Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10869-10884. [PMID: 34499509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), is a devastating citrus disease worldwide. While all citrus are affected by HLB, some cultivars display greater tolerance; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, volatile changes in HLB-tolerant LB8-9 Sugar Belle (SB) and HLB-sensitive Murcott mandarins after CaLas infection were comprehensively compared to determine if specific volatiles are associated with HLB responses and to discern the underlying tolerance mechanisms. These cultivars emitted qualitatively and quantitatively different volatiles in response to HLB induced by artificial graft or natural psyllid inoculation. Increasing amounts of total volatiles and de novo-synthesized new volatiles were two key responses to HLB of both cultivars. Markers potentially associated with HLB and host susceptibility were identified. Terpenoid biosynthetic pathway, green leaf volatile, and thymol metabolic pathways responsive to CaLas infection were dramatically altered. SB mandarin allows simultaneous defense and growth, contributing to its greater HLB tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Horticultural Science, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Horticultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Horticultural Science, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Laura Reuss
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Joon Hyuk Suh
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Horticultural Science, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Guolu Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Horticultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Fred G Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Horticultural Science, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
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30
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Ke L, Wang Y, Schäfer M, Städler T, Zeng R, Fabian J, Pulido H, De Moraes CM, Song Y, Xu S. Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Shared Signalling Networks Between Flower Development and Herbivory-Induced Responses in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722810. [PMID: 34630470 PMCID: PMC8493932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Most flowering plants must defend themselves against herbivores for survival and attract pollinators for reproduction. Although traits involved in plant defence and pollinator attraction are often localised in leaves and flowers, respectively, they will show a diffuse evolution if they share the same molecular machinery and regulatory networks. We performed RNA-sequencing to characterise and compare transcriptomic changes involved in herbivory-induced defences and flower development, in tomato leaves and flowers, respectively. We found that both the herbivory-induced responses and flower development involved alterations in jasmonic acid signalling, suppression of primary metabolism and reprogramming of secondary metabolism. We identified 411 genes that were involved in both processes, a number significantly higher than expected by chance. Genetic manipulation of key regulators of induced defences also led to the expression changes in the same genes in both leaves and flowers. Targeted metabolomic analysis showed that among closely related tomato species, jasmonic acid and α-tomatine are correlated in flower buds and herbivory-induced leaves. These findings suggest that herbivory-induced responses and flower development share a common molecular machinery and likely have coevolved in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yangzi Wang
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Städler
- Plant Ecological Genetics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jörg Fabian
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannier Pulido
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Xu
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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31
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Naskar S, Roy C, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay A, Hazarika LK, Chaudhuri RK, Roy S, Chakraborti D. Elicitation of biomolecules as host defense arsenals during insect attacks on tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7187-7199. [PMID: 34515843 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most consumed and economically important beverage plant, tea (Camellia sinensis), and its pests have coevolved so as to maintain the plant-insect interaction. In this review, findings of different research groups on pest responsive tolerance mechanisms that exist in tea manifested through the production of secondary metabolites and their inducers are presented. The phytochemicals of C. sinensis have been categorized into volatiles, nonvolatiles, enzymes, and phytohormones for convenience. Two types of pests, namely the piercing-sucking pests and chewing pests, are associated with tea. Both the insect groups can trigger the production of those metabolites and inducers through several primary and secondary biosynthetic pathways. These induced biomolecules can act as insect repellents and most of them are associated with lowering the nutrient quality of plant tissue and increasing the indigestibility in the pest's gut. Moreover, some of them also act as predator attractants of particular pests. The herbivore-induced plant volatiles secreted from tea plants during pest infestation were (E)-nerolidol, α-farnesene, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, indole, benzyl nitrile (BN), linalool, and ocimenes. The nonvolatiles like theaflavin and L-theanine were increased in response to the herbivore attack. Simultaneously, S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase, caffeine synthase activities were affected, whereas flavonoid synthesis and wax formation were elevated. Defense responsive enzymes like peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase are involved in pest prevention mechanisms. Phytohormones like jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene act as the modulator of the defense system. The objective of this review is to discuss the defensive roles of these metabolites and their inducers against pest infestation in tea with an aim to develop environmentally sustainable pesticides in the future.Key points• Herbivore-induced volatile signals and their effects on neighboring tea plant protection• Stereochemical conversion of volatiles, effects of nonvolatiles, expression of defense-responsive enzymes, and phytohormones due to pest attack• Improved understanding of metabolites for bio-sustainable pesticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Naskar
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Chitralekha Roy
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanatan Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananda Mukhopadhyay
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, , Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | | | | | - Somnath Roy
- Department of Entomology, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, 785008, India.
| | - Dipankar Chakraborti
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India.
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Ojeda-Martinez D, Martinez M, Diaz I, Estrella Santamaria M. Spider mite egg extract modifies Arabidopsis response to future infestations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17692. [PMID: 34489518 PMCID: PMC8421376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional plant responses are an important aspect of herbivore oviposition studies. However, most of our current knowledge is derived from studies using Lepidopteran models, where egg-laying and feeding are separate events in time. Little is known regarding plant response to pests where females feed and oviposit simultaneously. The present study characterized oviposition-induced transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis to Tetranychus urticae egg extracts. Transcriptional evidence indicates that early events in plant response to the egg extract involve responses typical to biotic stresses, which include the alteration in the levels of Ca2+ and ROS, the modification of pathways regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid and ethylene, and the production of volatiles and glucosinolates as defence mechanisms. These molecular changes affect female fertility, which was significantly reduced when mites fed on plants pre-exposed to the egg extract. However, longer periods of plant exposure to egg extract cause changes in the transcriptional response of the plant reveal a trend to a decrease in the activation of the defensive response. This alteration correlated with a shift at 72 h of exposition in the effect of the mite feeding. At that point, plants become more susceptible and suffer higher damage when challenged by the mite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairon Ojeda-Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Hansen CC, Nelson DR, Møller BL, Werck-Reichhart D. Plant cytochrome P450 plasticity and evolution. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1244-1265. [PMID: 34216829 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes plays key roles in plant evolution and metabolic diversification. This review provides a status on the CYP landscape within green algae and land plants. The 11 conserved CYP clans known from vascular plants are all present in green algae and several green algae-specific clans are recognized. Clan 71, 72, and 85 remain the largest CYP clans and include many taxa-specific CYP (sub)families reflecting emergence of linage-specific pathways. Molecular features and dynamics of CYP plasticity and evolution are discussed and exemplified by selected biosynthetic pathways. High substrate promiscuity is commonly observed for CYPs from large families, favoring retention of gene duplicates and neofunctionalization, thus seeding acquisition of new functions. Elucidation of biosynthetic pathways producing metabolites with sporadic distribution across plant phylogeny reveals multiple examples of convergent evolution where CYPs have been independently recruited from the same or different CYP families, to adapt to similar environmental challenges or ecological niches. Sometimes only a single or a few mutations are required for functional interconversion. A compilation of functionally characterized plant CYPs is provided online through the Plant P450 Database (erda.dk/public/vgrid/PlantP450/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Cetti Hansen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniele Werck-Reichhart
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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34
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Tong Y, Hu T, Tu L, Chen K, Liu T, Su P, Song Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Gao W. Functional characterization and substrate promiscuity of sesquiterpene synthases from Tripterygium wilfordii. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:949-958. [PMID: 34237366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic terpenes, commonly found in plants, are of high physiological importance and commercial value, and their diversity was controlled by different terpene synthases. During the screen of sesquiterpene synthases from Tripterygium wilfordii, we observed that Ses-TwTPS1-1 and Ses-TwTPS2 promiscuously accepted GPP, FPP, and GGPP to produce corresponding terpene alcohols (linalool/nerolidol/geranyllinalool). The Ses-TwTPS1-2, Ses-TwTPS3, and Ses-TwTPS4 also showed unusual substrate promiscuity by catalyzing GGPP or GPP in addition to FPP as substrate. Furthermore, key residues for the generation of diterpene product, (E, E)-geranyllinalool, were screened depending on mutagenesis studies. The functional analysis of Ses-TwTPS1-1:V199I and Ses-TwTPS1-2:I199V showed that Val in 199 site assisted the produce of diterpene product geranyllinalool by enzyme mutation studies, which indicated that subtle differences away from the active site could alter the product outcome. Moreover, an engineered sesquiterpene high-yielding yeast that produced 162 mg/L nerolidol in shake flask conditions was constructed to quickly identify the function of sesquiterpene synthases in vivo and develop potential applications in microbial fermentation. Our functional characterization of acyclic sesquiterpene synthases will give some insights into the substrate promiscuity of diverse acyclic terpene synthases and provide key residues for expanding the product portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Lichan Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Kang Chen
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Tiezheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ping Su
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yadi Song
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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35
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Singh A, Panwar R, Mittal P, Hassan MI, Singh IK. Plant cytochrome P450s: Role in stress tolerance and potential applications for human welfare. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:874-886. [PMID: 34175340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a versatile group of enzymes and one of the largest families of proteins, controlling various physiological processes via biosynthetic and detoxification pathways. CYPs perform multiple roles through a critical irreversible enzymatic reaction in which an oxygen atom is inserted within hydrophobic molecules, converting them into the reactive and hydro soluble components. During evolution, plants have acquired significantly more number of CYPs and represent about 1% of the encoded genes . CYPs are highly conserved proteins involved in growth, development and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, CYPs reinforce plants' molecular and chemical defense mechanisms by regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and controlling biosynthesis and homeostasis of phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates. Thus, they are the critical targets of metabolic engineering for enhancing plant defense against environmental stresses. Additionally, CYPs are also used as biocatalysts in the fields of pharmacology and phytoremediation. Herein, we highlight the role of CYPs in plant stress tolerance and their applications for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India.
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Rai A, Rai M, Kamochi H, Mori T, Nakabayashi R, Nakamura M, Suzuki H, Saito K, Yamazaki M. Multiomics-based characterization of specialized metabolites biosynthesis in Cornus Officinalis. DNA Res 2021; 27:5840485. [PMID: 32426807 PMCID: PMC7320821 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus officinalis, an important traditional medicinal plant, is used as major constituents of tonics, analgesics, and diuretics. While several studies have focused on its characteristic bioactive compounds, little is known on their biosynthesis. In this study, we performed LC-QTOF-MS-based metabolome and RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling for seven tissues of C. officinalis. Untargeted metabolome analysis assigned chemical identities to 1,215 metabolites and showed tissue-specific accumulation for specialized metabolites with medicinal properties. De novo transcriptome assembly established for C. officinalis showed 96% of transcriptome completeness. Co-expression analysis identified candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of iridoids, triterpenoids, and gallotannins, the major group of bioactive metabolites identified in C. officinalis. Integrative omics analysis identified 45 cytochrome P450s genes correlated with iridoids accumulation in C. officinalis. Network-based integration of genes assigned to iridoids biosynthesis pathways with these candidate CYPs further identified seven promising CYPs associated with iridoids’ metabolism. This study provides a valuable resource for further investigation of specialized metabolites’ biosynthesis in C. officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Rai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Megha Rai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kamochi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Michimi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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37
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Song W, Zhuang Y, Liu T. CYP82AR Subfamily Proteins Catalyze C-1' Hydroxylations of Deoxyshikonin in the Biosynthesis of Shikonin and Alkannin. Org Lett 2021; 23:2455-2459. [PMID: 33728922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin and S-enantiomer alkannin are important naphthoquinone derivatives present in many Boraginaceae species. We report that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) from a new CYP82AR subfamily catalyzed hydroxylations of deoxyshikonin at C-1' position of isoprenoid side chain. Two homologues were discovered from each species of the four Boraginaceae plants. One CYP preferred converting deoxyshikonin into shikonin, and the other stereoselectively hydroxylated deoxyshikonin into alkannin. The discovery might be a general feature of shikonin/alkannin-producing Boraginaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Song
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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38
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Jing T, Du W, Gao T, Wu Y, Zhang N, Zhao M, Jin J, Wang J, Schwab W, Wan X, Song C. Herbivore-induced DMNT catalyzed by CYP82D47 plays an important role in the induction of JA-dependent herbivore resistance of neighboring tea plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1178-1191. [PMID: 32713005 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles play important ecological roles in defense against stresses. However, if and which volatile(s) are involved in the plant-plant communication in response to herbivorous insects in tea plants remains unknown. Here, plant-plant communication experiments confirm that volatiles emitted from insects-attacked tea plants can trigger plant resistance and reduce the risk of herbivore damage by inducing jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation in neighboring plants. The emission of six compounds was significantly induced by geometrid Ectropis obliqua, one of the most common pests of the tea plant in China. Among them, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) could induce the accumulation of JA and thus promotes the resistance of neighboring intact plants to herbivorous insects. CsCYP82D47 was identified for the first time as a P450 enzyme, which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of DMNT from (E)-nerolidol. Down-regulation of CsCYP82D47 in tea plants resulted in a reduced accumulation of DMNT and significantly reduced the release of DMNT in response to the feeding of herbivorous insects. The first evidence for plant-plant communication in response to herbivores in tea plants will help to understand how plants respond to volatile cues in response to herbivores and provide new insight into the role(s) of DMNT in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenkai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Stamm P, Etl F, Maia ACD, Dötterl S, Schulz S. Synthesis, Absolute Configurations, and Biological Activities of Floral Scent Compounds from Night-Blooming Araceae. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5245-5254. [PMID: 33724842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The uncommon jasmone derivatives dehydrojasmone, isojasmol, and isojasmyl acetate, floral scent compounds from night-blooming Araceae, were synthesized in a scalable synthesis employing conjugate addition with a selenoacetal as the key step. The stereoselective strategy with subsequent enzymatic kinetic resolution allowed determining the absolute configuration of the natural compounds by GC on a chiral phase. The homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatrien-5-yl acetate, another uncommon scent compound, was obtained by α-regioselective aldehyde prenylation. The biological activities of dehydrojasmone and isojasmol were investigated in field assays, showing that these unique volatiles are able to selectively attract specific cyclocephaline scarab beetle pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stamm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Etl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Artur Campos D Maia
- Department of Systematics and Ecology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Li W, Wang L, Zhou F, Li C, Ma W, Chen H, Wang G, Pickett JA, Zhou JJ, Lin Y. Overexpression of the homoterpene synthase gene, OsCYP92C21, increases emissions of volatiles mediating tritrophic interactions in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:948-963. [PMID: 33099790 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant defence homoterpenes can be used to attract pest natural enemies. However, the biosynthetic pathway of homoterpenes is still unknown in rice, and the practical application of such indirect defence systems suffers from inherent limitations due to their low emissions from plants. Here, we demonstrated that the protein OsCYP92C21 is responsible for homoterpene biosynthesis in rice. We also revealed that the ability of rice to produce homoterpenes is dependent on the subcellular precursor pools. By increasing the precursor pools through specifically subcellular targeting expression, genetic transformation and genetic introgression, we significantly enhanced homoterpene biosynthesis in rice. The final introgressed GM rice plants exhibited higher homoterpene emissions than the wild type rice and the highest homoterpene emission reported so far for such GM plants even without the induction of herbivore attack. As a result, these GM rice plants demonstrated strong attractiveness to the parasitic wasp Cotesia chilonis. This study discovered the homoterpene biosynthesis pathway in rice, and lays the foundation for the utilisation of plant indirect defence mechanism in the "push-pull" strategy of integrated pest management through increasing precursor pools in the subcellular compartments and overexpressing homoterpene synthase by genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingnan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Liu D, Li W, An X, Ghasemzadeh S, Huang X, Chen J, Kou J, Sun P, Zhang Y. Engineering Nicotiana tabacum for the de novo biosynthesis of DMNT to regulate orientation behavior of the parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:502-509. [PMID: 32816401 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT), one of the homoterpenes, is thought to contribute to plant indirect defense against insect herbivores. DMNT-enriched plants have great application potential to regulate insect behavior in the 'push & pull' strategy of pest management. However, de novo biosynthesis of DMNT in plants without a homoterpene metabolic pathway in their wild type is still not achieved, and the role of DMNT played in these plants and their interacted insects remains unclear. RESULTS Cytochrome P450s and terpene synthases involved in homoterpenes biosynthesis in cotton plants were employed to generate DMNT-releasing tobacco plants. Single GhTPS14 transgenic Nicotiana tabacum only emitted (E)-nerolidol, the precursor of DMNT. Transgenic tobaccos expressing single GhCYP82Ls were unable to produce DMNT or TMTT, while DMNT was detected when exogenous (E)-nerolidol was added. Compared to wild-type plants, only co-expression of GhCYP82Ls and GhTPS14 in transgenic tobaccos triggered the constitutive release of single-component DMNT. Furthermore, DMNT-emitting transgenic tobacco plants, whether infested with Helicoverpa armigera larvae or not, significantly incited orientation behavior of parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator. CONCLUSION Wild type N. tabacum plants have no DMNT metabolic pathway. DMNT could be de novo biosynthesized via co-expression of GhCYP82Ls and GhTPS14. What is more, the parasitoid wasp M. mediator could be recruited by DMNT-releasing transgenic tobaccos, especially by H. armigera-infested transgenic tobaccos, suggesting the potential roles of engineered N. tabacum in regulating the behavioral preference of M. mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingkui An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Somayyeh Ghasemzadeh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyin Chen
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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Li F, Dewer Y, Li D, Qu C, Luo C. Functional and evolutionary characterization of chemosensory protein CSP2 in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:378-388. [PMID: 32741104 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are thought to play essential roles in insect chemical communication, but their exact physiological functions remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the functions of the CSP2 gene in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci using protein expression and the binding affinity spectrum of CSP2 to different types of odor molecules. Moreover, the evolutionary characteristics of the CSP2 gene were studied. The data obtained using binding assay showed that the CSP2 protein can bind to a broad range of plant volatiles including the homoterpene (E)-3,8-dimethyl-1,4,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and its analogs. In addition, using a behavioral experimental approach we identified that DMNT can repel the selection and oviposition of B. tabaci. Furthermore, protein structure modeling, molecular docking analyses and a functional mutation experiment were carried out resulting in the final identification of key amino acid residue Y11, which displayed important roles in the binding of CSP2 to DMNT. The results also showed that Y11 is located in the pocket region where CSP2 has a pi-alkyl interaction with DMNT. Meanwhile, comparative and evolutionary analyses indicated that CSP2 shared a high sequence similarity with CSPs of other insect family members such as Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha including aphids, whiteflies and planthoppers. CONCLUSION These results suggested that CSP2 likely contributes to mediating responses of B. tabaci to plant volatiles, which may play a pivotal role in its feeding and oviposition preferences. Moreover, these findings could provide key information for exploring efficiency monitoring and integrated pest management strategies of B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Sabahia Plant Protection Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Du Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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43
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Xu S, Kreitzer C, McGale E, Lackus ND, Guo H, Köllner TG, Schuman MC, Baldwin IT, Zhou W. Allelic differences of clustered terpene synthases contribute to correlated intraspecific variation of floral and herbivory-induced volatiles in a wild tobacco. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1083-1096. [PMID: 32535930 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile emissions can recruit predators of herbivores for indirect defense and attract pollinators to aid in pollination. Although volatiles involved in defense and pollinator attraction are primarily emitted from leaves and flowers, respectively, they will co-evolve if their underlying genetic basis is intrinsically linked, due either to pleiotropy or to genetic linkage. However, direct evidence of co-evolving defense and floral traits is scarce. We characterized intraspecific variation of herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), the key components of indirect defense against herbivores, and floral volatiles in wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata. We found that variation of (E)-β-ocimene and (E)-α-bergamotene contributed to the correlated changes in HIPVs and floral volatiles among N. attenuata natural accessions. Intraspecific variations of (E)-β-ocimene and (E)-α-bergamotene emissions resulted from allelic variation of two genetically co-localized terpene synthase genes, NaTPS25 and NaTPS38, respectively. Analyzing haplotypes of NaTPS25 and NaTPS38 revealed that allelic variations of NaTPS25 and NaTPS38 resulted in correlated changes of (E)-β-ocimene and (E)-α-bergamotene emission in HIPVs and floral volatiles in N. attenuata. Together, these results provide evidence that pleiotropy and genetic linkage result in correlated changes in defenses and floral signals in natural populations, and the evolution of plant volatiles is probably under diffuse selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Xu
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Christoph Kreitzer
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Erica McGale
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Nathalie D Lackus
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Department of Geography & Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Hu W, Qin W, Jin Y, Wang P, Yan Q, Li F, Yang Z. Genetic and evolution analysis of extrafloral nectary in cotton. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2081-2095. [PMID: 32096298 PMCID: PMC7540171 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extrafloral nectaries are a defence trait that plays important roles in plant-animal interactions. Gossypium species are characterized by cellular grooves in leaf midribs that secret large amounts of nectar. Here, with a panel of 215 G. arboreum accessions, we compared extrafloral nectaries to nectariless accessions to identify a region of Chr12 that showed strong differentiation and overlapped with signals from GWAS of nectaries. Fine mapping of an F2 population identified GaNEC1, encoding a PB1 domain-containing protein, as a positive regulator of nectary formation. An InDel, encoding a five amino acid deletion, together with a nonsynonymous substitution, was predicted to cause 3D structural changes in GaNEC1 protein that could confer the nectariless phenotype. mRNA-Seq analysis showed that JA-related genes are up-regulated and cell wall-related genes are down-regulated in the nectary. Silencing of GaNEC1 led to a smaller size of foliar nectary phenotype. Metabolomics analysis identified more than 400 metabolites in nectar, including expected saccharides and amino acids. The identification of GaNEC1 helps establish the network regulating nectary formation and nectar secretion, and has implications for understanding the production of secondary metabolites in nectar. Our results will deepen our understanding of plant-mutualism co-evolution and interactions, and will enable utilization of a plant defence trait in cotton breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuying Jin
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | | | | | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
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45
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Rastogi S, Satapathy S, Shah S, Mytrai, Prakash H. In silico identification of cytochrome P450s involved in Ocimum tenuiflorum subjected to four abiotic stresses. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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He J, Bouwmeester HJ, Dicke M, Kappers IF. Transcriptional and metabolite analysis reveal a shift in direct and indirect defences in response to spider-mite infestation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:489-505. [PMID: 32306368 PMCID: PMC7299927 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Cucumber plants adapt their transcriptome and metabolome as result of spider mite infestation with opposite consequences for direct and indirect defences in two genotypes. Plants respond to arthropod attack with the rearrangement of their transcriptome which lead to subsequent phenotypic changes in the plants' metabolome. Here, we analysed transcriptomic and metabolite responses of two cucumber (Cucumis sativus) genotypes to chelicerate spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) during the first 3 days of infestation. Genes associated with the metabolism of jasmonates, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and L-phenylalanine were most strongly upregulated. Also, genes involved in the biosynthesis of precursors for indirect defence-related terpenoids were upregulated while those involved in the biosynthesis of direct defence-related cucurbitacin C were downregulated. Consistent with the observed transcriptional changes, terpenoid emission increased and cucurbitacin C content decreased during early spider-mite herbivory. To further study the regulatory network that underlies induced defence to spider mites, differentially expressed genes that encode transcription factors (TFs) were analysed. Correlation analysis of the expression of TF genes with metabolism-associated genes resulted in putative identification of regulators of herbivore-induced terpenoid, green-leaf volatiles and cucurbitacin biosynthesis. Our data provide a global image of the transcriptional changes in cucumber leaves in response to spider-mite herbivory and that of metabolites that are potentially involved in the regulation of induced direct and indirect defences against spider-mite herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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47
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Zhou F, Pichersky E. More is better: the diversity of terpene metabolism in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 55:1-10. [PMID: 32088555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
All plants synthesize a diverse array of terpenoid metabolites. Some are common to all, but many are synthesized only in specific taxa and presumably evolved as adaptations to specific ecological conditions. While the basic terpenoid biosynthetic pathways are common in all plants, recent discoveries have revealed many variations in the way plants synthesized specific terpenes. A major theme is the much greater number of substrates that can be used by enzymes belonging to the terpene synthase (TPS) family. Other recent discoveries include non-TPS enzymes that catalyze the formation of terpenes, and novel transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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48
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Nagegowda DA, Gupta P. Advances in biosynthesis, regulation, and metabolic engineering of plant specialized terpenoids. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110457. [PMID: 32234216 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialized terpenoids are natural products that have no obvious role in growth and development, but play many important functional roles to improve the plant's overall fitness. Besides, plant specialized terpenoids have immense value to humans due to their applications in fragrance, flavor, cosmetic, and biofuel industries. Understanding the fundamental aspects involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of these high-value molecules in plants not only paves the path to enhance plant traits, but also facilitates homologous or heterologous engineering for overproduction of target molecules of importance. Recent developments in functional genomics and high-throughput analytical techniques have led to unraveling of several novel aspects involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of plant specialized terpenoids. The knowledge thus derived has been successfully utilized to produce target specialized terpenoids of plant origin in homologous or heterologous host systems by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches. Here, we provide an overview and highlights on advances related to the biosynthetic steps, regulation, and metabolic engineering of plant specialized terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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Limones-Mendez M, Dugrand-Judek A, Villard C, Coqueret V, Froelicher Y, Bourgaud F, Olry A, Hehn A. Convergent evolution leading to the appearance of furanocoumarins in citrus plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110392. [PMID: 32005397 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Furanocoumarins are defense molecules mainly described in four plant families that are phylogenetically distant. Molecular characterization of the biosynthetic pathway has been started for many years in Apiaceae and Rutaceae. The results obtained thus far in Apiaceae indicated a major role of cytochromes P450 (P450s) in the CYP71 family. In the present work, we describe the importance of another subfamily of P450s, CYP82D, identified by using a deep analysis of the citrus (Rutaceae) genome and microarray database. CYP82D64 is able to hydroxylate xanthotoxin to generate 5-OH-xanthotoxin. Minor and limited amino acid changes in the CYP82D64 coding sequence between Citrus paradisi and Citrus hystrix provide the enzyme in the latter with the ability to hydroxylate herniarin, but with low efficiency. The kinetic constants of the enzyme are consistent with those of other enzymes of this type in plants and indicate that it may be the physiological substrate. The activity of the enzyme is identical to that of CYP71AZ6 identified in parsnip, showing possible evolutionary convergence between these two families of plants. It is highly possible that these molecules are derived from the synthesis of ubiquitous coumarins throughout the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cloé Villard
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, LAE, F54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Bourgaud
- Plant Advanced Technologies SA, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Olry
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, LAE, F54000, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, LAE, F54000, Nancy, France.
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Zhou HC, Shamala LF, Yi XK, Yan Z, Wei S. Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family Genes in Camellia sinensis with an Emphasis on Abiotic Stress Conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:933. [PMID: 31969641 PMCID: PMC6976640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better understanding terpenoid volatile production in Camellia sinensis, global terpenoid synthase gene (TPS) transcription analysis was conducted based on transcriptomic data combined with terpenoid metabolic profiling under different abiotic stress conditions. Totally 80 TPS-like genes were identified. Twenty-three CsTPS genes possessed a complete coding sequence and most likely were functional. The remaining 57 in the currently available database lack essential gene structure or full-length transcripts. Distinct tempo-spatial expression patterns of CsTPS genes were found in tea plants. 17 genes were substantially expressed in all the tested organs with a few exceptions. The other 17 were predominantly expressed in leaves whereas additional eight were primarily expressed in flowers. Under the treatments of cold acclimation, salt and polyethylene glycol, CsTPS67, -69 and -71 were all suppressed and the inhibited expression of many others were found in multiple stress treatments. However, methyl jasmonate resulted in the enhanced expression of the majority of CsTPS genes. These transcription data were largely validated using qPCR. Moreover, volatile terpenoid profiling with leaves, flowers and stress-treated plants revealed a general association between the abundances of mono- and sesqui-terpenoids and some CsTPS genes. These results provide vital information for future studies on CsTPS regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Tea Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huangshan, China
| | - Lubobi Ferdinand Shamala
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Kai Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Horticultural Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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