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van der Wijngaart H, Beekhof R, Knol JC, Henneman AA, de Goeij-de Haas R, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Jimenez CR, Verheul HMW, Labots M. Candidate biomarkers for treatment benefit from sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma using mass spectrometry-based (phospho)proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:49. [PMID: 37940875 PMCID: PMC10631096 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is an effective first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hypothesizing that a functional read-out by mass spectrometry-based (phospho, p-)proteomics will identify predictive biomarkers for treatment outcome of sunitinib, tumor tissues of 26 RCC patients were analyzed. Eight patients had primary resistant (RES) and 18 sensitive (SENS) RCC. A 78 phosphosite signature (p < 0.05, fold-change > 2) was identified; 22 p-sites were upregulated in RES (unique in RES: BCAR3, NOP58, EIF4A2, GDI1) and 56 in SENS (35 unique). EIF4A1/EIF4A2 were differentially expressed in RES at the (p-)proteome and, in an independent cohort, transcriptome level. Inferred kinase activity of MAPK3 (p = 0.026) and EGFR (p = 0.045) as determined by INKA was higher in SENS. Posttranslational modifications signature enrichment analysis showed that different p-site-centric signatures were enriched (p < 0.05), of which FGF1 and prolactin pathways in RES and, in SENS, vanadate and thrombin treatment pathways, were most significant. In conclusion, the RCC (phospho)proteome revealed differential p-sites and kinase activities associated with sunitinib resistance and sensitivity. Independent validation is warranted to develop an assay for upfront identification of patients who are intrinsically resistant to sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke van der Wijngaart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Beekhof
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Knol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex A Henneman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard de Goeij-de Haas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Labots
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Sun K, Zhang X, Lao M, He L, Wang S, Yang H, Xu J, Tang J, Hong Z, Song J, Guo C, Li M, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Zhou J, Lin J, Zhang S, Hong Y, Huang J, Liang T, Bai X. Targeting leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 sensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2929-2947. [PMID: 37515321 PMCID: PMC10556191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and negative feedback of tumor immune evasion might be partly responsible. We isolated CD8+ T cells and cultured them in vitro. Proteomics analysis was performed to compare changes in Panc02 cell lines cultured with conditioned medium, and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) was identified as a differential gene. LRRK2 expression was related to CD8+ T cell spatial distribution in PDAC clinical samples and upregulated by CD8+ T cells via interferon gamma (IFN-γ) simulation in vitro. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 activated an anti-pancreatic cancer immune response in mice, which meant that LRRK2 acted as an immunosuppressive gene. Mechanistically, LRRK2 phosphorylated PD-L1 at T210 to inhibit its ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation. LRRK2 inhibition attenuated PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-mediated, T cell-induced upregulation of LRRK2/PD-L1, thus sensitizing the mice to anti-PD-L1 therapy. In addition, adenosylcobalamin, the activated form of vitamin B12, which was found to be a broad-spectrum inhibitor of LRRK2, could inhibit LRRK2 in vivo and sensitize PDAC to immunotherapy as well, which potentially endows LRRK2 inhibition with clinical translational value. Therefore, PD-L1 blockade combined with LRRK2 inhibition could be a novel therapy strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Lao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanshen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghui Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtao Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muchun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanjia Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieru Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Hitefield NL, Mackay S, Hays LE, Chen S, Oduor IO, Troyer DA, Nyalwidhe JO. Differential Activation of NRF2 Signaling Pathway in Renal-Cell Carcinoma Caki Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041010. [PMID: 37189628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease consisting of several subtypes based on specific genomic profiles and histological and clinical characteristics. The subtype with the highest prevalence is clear-cell RCC (ccRCC), next is papillary RCC (pRCC), and then chromophobe RCC (chRCC). The ccRCC cell lines are further subdivided into prognostic expression-based subtypes ccA or ccB. This heterogeneity necessitates the development, availability, and utilization of cell line models with the correct disease phenotypic characteristics for RCC research. In this study, we focused on characterizing proteomic differences between the Caki-1 and Caki-2 cell lines that are commonly used in ccRCC research. Both cells are primarily defined as human ccRCC cell lines. Caki-1 cell lines are metastatic, harboring wild-type VHL, whereas Caki-2 are considered as the primary ccRCC cell lines expressing wild-type von Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL). Here, we performed a comprehensive comparative proteomic analysis of Caki-1 and Caki-2 cells using tandem mass-tag reagents together with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for the identification and quantitation of proteins in the two cell lines. Differential regulation of a subset of the proteins identified was validated using orthogonal methods including western blot, q-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays. Integrative bioinformatic analysis identifies the activation/inhibition of specific molecular pathways, upstream regulators, and causal networks that are uniquely regulated and associated with the two cell lines and RCC subtypes, and potentially the disease stage. Altogether, we have identified multiple molecular pathways, including NRF2 signaling, which is the most significantly activated pathway in Caki-2 versus Caki-1 cells. Some of the differentially regulated molecules and signaling pathways could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets amongst ccRCC subtypes.
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Wang JP, Yan JP, Xiao RL, Li RS. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is protective during acute kidney injury through its activation of autophagy in podocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2947-2956. [PMID: 36063080 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a known regulator of autophagy in a range of cell types. Here, we investigated the role of LRRK2-associated autophagy during acute kidney injury (AKI) and its underlying mechanism(s) of action. Male mice aged 8-weeks were treated with the LRRK2 inhibitor MLi-2 and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through intraperitoneal injection or ischemia-reperfusion (IR) surgery. Mice were sacrificed 12 or 24 h post-LPS injection or IR operation and blood was collected for serum creatinine measurements. Kidney cortical tissues were collected for western blot analysis of podocyte-specific markers and autophagy-associated proteins. Renal histopathology was observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining. For cell-based assays, immortalized mouse podocytes were silenced for LRRK2 through siRNA transfection and exposed to LPS or cobalt chloride. Changes in cell viability were investigated using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry and MTT assays. Expression of podocyte-specific markers and autophagy-associated proteins were analyzed by western blotting. We observed an increase in LRRK2 expression at 12 h post-LPS injection and IR surgery that was accompanied by enhanced autophagy. At 24 h post-treatment, both LRRK2 expression and autophagy declined. Kidney injury was most pronounced in mice treated with MLi-2. Podocytes silenced for LRRK2 showed a loss of cell viability, decreased levels of podocyte-specific protein expression and a suppression of autophagy. Together, these data reveal the protective effects of LRRK2 during AKI through enhanced podocyte autophagy and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ji-Ping Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui-Ling Xiao
- College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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5
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Xu J, Zhao C, Liu Y, Xu C, Qin B, Liang H. Genetic correlation between thyroid hormones and Parkinson's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:372-379. [PMID: 35511827 PMCID: PMC9226140 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) was reported to be connected with thyroid diseases clinically, which might be a critical clew to immune pathogenesis of PD. However, there was no further research to study the pathogenesis correlation between PD and thyroid diseases. In this study, except for investigating the difference in thyroid hormone between PD and the control group, we explored genetic correlation between thyroid and PD. We tried to find their shared molecular pathway by analyzing the effect of PD risk genes on thyroid function. Interestingly, most of those 12 meaningful SNPs we found could affect PD and thyroid function through immune mechanism, which is consistent with our original conjecture and provides significant evidence for the immune pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Xu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Congjie Xu
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China.,Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China.,Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center and Hainan Academician Innovation Platform, Haikou, P.R. China
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6
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Kong SK, Kim BS, Lim H, Kim HJ, Kim YS. Dissection of PD-L1 promoter reveals differential transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 in VHL mutant clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:352-362. [PMID: 34789838 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is constitutively expressed by hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α). It can be induced by interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Clinical trials of metastatic ccRCCs have suggested that a canonical IFNγ signature is a better biomarker for therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) than PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells. To understand the therapeutic response to ICIs according to PD-L1 expression levels, we analyzed transcriptional regulation of the PD-L1 promoter by HIF2α and IFNγ-inducible interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in ccRCC cells. Here, we present two ccRCC cell models showing differential PD-L1 expression levels in response to IFNγ and hypoxia. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-sequencing data revealed that PD-L1 expression correlated with JAK2 and STAT1 expression of the canonical IFNγ signature in ccRCC tissues. Upon IFNγ stimulation, PD-L1 was induced by sequential activation of JAK2/STAT1/IRF-1 signaling in both WT- and Mut- VHL ccRCC cells. IFNγ activated the IRF-1α site of the PD-L1 promoter. The IFNγ-mediated increase of PD-L1 expression in Mut-VHL cells was 4.8-fold greater than that in WT-VHL cells. Under normoxia condition, PD-L1 expression in Mut-VHL cells was significantly higher than that in WT-VHL cells due to high basal HIF2α expression. Under hypoxia condition, PD-L1 expression in WT-VHL cells was induced up to 1.8-fold through activation of hypoxia-response elements 2 and 3. In contrast, although PD-L1 in Mut-VHL cells was already highly expressed in the basal state through activation of hypoxia-response elements 2, 3, and 4, it was no longer induced by hypoxia. In conclusion, Mut-VHL ccRCC cells displayed higher PD-L1 expression due to high basal HIF2α expression and a stronger response to IFNγ stimulation than WT-VHL cells. The fact that HIF2α antagonists can potentially reduce PD-L1 expression levels should be considered in ICI combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kang Kong
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangsoon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Patel A, Patel S, Mehta M, Patel Y, Langaliya D, Bhalodiya S, Bambharoliya T. Recent Update on the Development of Leucine- Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Inhibitors: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Med Chem 2022; 18:757-771. [PMID: 35168510 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220215122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a relatively common neurological disorder with incidence increasing with age. Since current medications only relieve the symptoms and do not change the course of the disease, therefore, finding disease-modifying therapies is a critical unmet medical need. However, significant progress in understanding how genetics underpins Parkinson's disease (PD) has opened up new opportunities for understanding disease pathogenesis and identifying possible therapeutic targets. One such target is leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), an elusive enzyme implicated in both familial and idiopathic PD risk. As a result, both academia and industry have promoted the development of potent and selective inhibitors of LRRK2. In this review, we have summarized recent progress on the discovery and development of LRKK2 inhibitors as well as the bioactivity of several small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors that have been used to inhibit LRRK2 kinase activity in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT-Campus, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Stuti Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT-Campus, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Meshwa Mehta
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT-Campus, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Yug Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT-Campus, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhruv Langaliya
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT-Campus, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Shyam Bhalodiya
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT-Campus, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
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8
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Yan J, Zhao W, Yu W, Cheng H, Zhu B. LRRK2 correlates with macrophage infiltration in pan-cancer. Genomics 2021; 114:316-327. [PMID: 34929286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase2 (LRRK2) influences the host immune responses and correlates with the pathogenesis of inflammation, cancer as well as Parkinson' Disease. Herein, we explored the oncogenic role of LRRK2 at pan-cancer level and validated the analysis by single cell RNA-sequencing and in-vitro experiments. As a result, LRRK2 significantly correlated with the survival events. Specifically, LRRK2 increased the risk of Low-Grade Glioma whereas improved the survival probability of patients with Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated the involvement of LRRK2 in the host immune responses. Within the tumor microenvironment, LRRK2 was positively associated with the recruitment of macrophages. Furthermore, scRNA-seq and co-culture experiments demonstrated that LRRK2 deficiency impaired macrophage functions, and influenced the neoplastic progression in a cancer type-specific manner. Therefore, the present study provided a therapeutic strategy for LGG based on the interference with LRRK2 expression and activity to prevent macrophage recruitment and promote tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong Province 272067, China.
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong Province 272067, China
| | - Hongju Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong Province 272067, China
| | - Baoliang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong Province 272067, China
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9
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Tandon N, Luxami V, Kant D, Tandon R, Paul K. Current progress, challenges and future prospects of indazoles as protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25228-25257. [PMID: 35478899 PMCID: PMC9037120 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03979b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The indazole core is an interesting pharmacophore due to its applications in medicinal chemistry. In the past few years, this moiety has been used for the synthesis of kinase inhibitors. Many researchers have demonstrated the use of indazole derivatives as specific kinase inhibitors, including tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinases. A number of anticancer drugs with an indazole core are commercially available, e.g. axitinib, linifanib, niraparib, and pazopanib. Indazole derivatives are applied for the targeted treatment of lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancers. In this review, we compile the current development of indazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors and their application as anticancer agents in the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Tandon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147004 India
| | - Divya Kant
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 India
| | - Runjhun Tandon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147004 India
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10
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Yang C, Pang J, Xu J, Pan H, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Xiao SY. LRRK2 is a candidate prognostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:343. [PMID: 34217264 PMCID: PMC8254929 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), derived from renal tubular epithelial cells, is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney. The study of key genes related to the pathogenesis of ccRCC has become important for gene target therapy. Methods Bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, USUC Xena database, cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, and MethSurv were performed to examine the aberrant genetic pattern and prognostic significance of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) expression and its relationship to clinical parameters. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to verify LRRK2 expression. The regulation of ccRCC tumor cell lines proliferation by LRRK2 was examined by CCK8 assay. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that LRRK2 expression was up-regulated and largely correlated with DNA methylation in ccRCC. The up-regulation of LRRK2 was confirmed in ccRCC tissue immunohistochemically and by protein analysis. The level of expression was related to gender, pathological grade, stage, and metastatic status of ccRCC patients. Meanwhile, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high expression of LRRK2 correlates to a better prognosis; knockdown of LRRK2 expression attenuated the proliferation ability of ccRCC tumor cell lines; protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that LRRK2 interacts with HIF1A and EGFR. Conclusion We found that LRRK2 may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of ccRCC. Our findings provided a potential predictor and therapeutic target in ccRCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02047-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Pang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - He Pan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Huainian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Rosette KA, Lander SM, VanOpstall C, Looyenga BD. Three-dimensional coculture provides an improved in vitro model for papillary renal cell carcinoma. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F33-F46. [PMID: 34029144 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00141.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) represents the second most common kidney cancer and can be distinguished from other types based on its unique histological architecture and specific pattern of genomic alterations. Sporadic type 1 pRCC is almost universally driven by focal or chromosomal amplification of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, although the specific mode of its activation is unclear. Although the MET receptors found in human tumor specimens appear highly active, those found on the surface of in vitro-cultured tumor cells are only weakly activated in the absence of exogenous hepatocyte growth factor ligand. Furthermore, pRCC cells cultured in standard two-dimensional conditions with serum fail to respond functionally to MET knockdown or the selective MET inhibitor capmatinib despite clear evidence of kinase inhibition at the molecular level. To better model pRCC in vitro, we developed a three-dimensional coculture system in which renal tumor cells are layered on top of primary fibroblasts in a fashion that mimics the papillary architecture of human tumors. In this three-dimensional spheroid model, the tumor cells survive and proliferate in the absence of serum due to trophic support of hepatocyte growth factor-producing fibroblasts. Unlike tumor cells grown in monoculture, the proliferation of cocultured tumor cells is sensitive to capmatinib and parallels inhibition of MET kinase activity. These findings demonstrate the importance of stromal fibroblasts in pRCC and indicate that accurate in vitro representation of this disease requires the presence of both tumor and fibroblast cells in a structured coculture model.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two-dimensional monoculture of papillary renal cancer cells fails to replicate several features of the disease found in humans. We hypothesized that this discordance results from lack of trophic support from renal fibroblasts, which are involved in the architecture of human papillary renal tumors. We found that three-dimensional layering of renal cancer cells on top of a fibroblast core using magnetic bioprinting produces a structured spheroid that more faithfully mimics the behavior of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylee A Rosette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Stephen M Lander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Calvin VanOpstall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Brendan D Looyenga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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12
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Identification of hub driving genes and regulators of lung adenocarcinoma based on the gene Co-expression network. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222428. [PMID: 32196072 PMCID: PMC7108999 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate target gene expression and participate in tumor genesis and progression. However, hub driving genes and regulators playing a potential role in LUAD progression have not been fully elucidated yet. Based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, 2837 differentially expressed genes, 741 DE-regulators were screened by comparing cancer tissues with paracancerous tissues. Then, 651 hub driving genes were selected by the topological relation of the protein-protein interaction network. Also, the target genes of DE-regulators were identified. Moreover, a key gene set containing 65 genes was obtained from the hub driving genes and target genes intersection. Subsequently, 183 hub regulators were selected based on the analysis of node degree in the ceRNA network. Next, a comprehensive analysis of the subgroups and Wnt, mTOR, and MAPK signaling pathways was conducted to understand enrichment of the subgroups. Survival analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were further used to screen for the key genes and regulators. Furthermore, we verified key molecules based on external database, LRRK2, PECAM1, EPAS1, LDB2, and HOXA11-AS showed good results. LRRK2 was further identified as promising biomarker associated with CNV alteration and various immune cells' infiltration levels in LUAD. Overall, the present study provided a novel perspective and insight into hub driving genes and regulators in LUAD, suggesting that the identified signature could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker.
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13
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Co-Regulation of Immune Checkpoint PD-L1 with Interferon-Gamma Signaling is Associated with a Survival Benefit in Renal Cell Cancer. Target Oncol 2021; 15:377-390. [PMID: 32495158 PMCID: PMC7283197 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Programmed death ligand (PD-L1)-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) achieves significant response rates in a subgroup of patients. The relevance of PD-L1 gene regulation for disease outcome is not clear. Objective To evaluate PD-L1 expression and its dependence on interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in RCC cell lines and tissues in relation to disease outcome. Methods and Patients Regulation of PD-L1-mRNA and PD-L1 protein was studied in cell lines from clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and papillary RCC (pRCC) by quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis. PD-L1-mRNA correlation and gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the IFN-γ pathway were conducted with RNA-Seq from ccRCC, pRCC, and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) tissue. In addition, patient overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics) were considered. Results In ccRCC-like cell lines, PD-L1 was induced by canonical IFN-γ signaling, whereas in a pRCC-like cell line, PD-L1 was refractory towards IFN-γ signaling. In ccRCC and SKCM tissues, GSEA revealed significant IFN-γ pathway activation in tissue samples with high PD-L1-mRNA levels. This was not observed in pRCC tissue. ccRCC and SKMC patients with low PD-L1-mRNA levels had significantly shorter OS and DFS than those with high PD-L1-mRNA levels. In pRCC patients, no significant difference in OS and DFS with regard to PD-L1-mRNA tissue levels was obvious. Conclusions The findings suggest that ccRCC and pRCC differ with respect to PD-L1 regulation by IFN-γ-signaling. High PD-L1-mRNA levels in tumor tissues with a positive IFN-γ signature favorably affect OS and DFS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11523-020-00728-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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14
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Zhang L, Han L, Huang Y, Feng Z, Wang X, Li H, Song F, Liu L, Li J, Zheng H, Wang P, Song F, Chen K. SNPs within microRNA binding sites and the prognosis of breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7465-7480. [PMID: 33658398 PMCID: PMC7993692 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within microRNA binding sites can affect the binding of microRNA to mRNA and regulate gene expression, thereby contributing to cancer prognosis. Here we performed a two-stage study of 2647 breast cancer patients to explore the association between SNPs within microRNA binding sites and breast cancer prognosis. In stage I, we genotyped 192 SNPs within microRNA binding sites using the Illumina Goldengate platform. In stage II, we validated SNPs associated with breast cancer prognosis in another dataset using the TaqMan platform. We identified 8 SNPs significantly associated with breast cancer prognosis in stage I (P<0.05), and only rs10878441 was statistically significant in stage II (AA vs CC, HR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.11-4.42, P=0.024). We combined the data from stage I and stage II, and found that, compared with rs10878441 AA genotype, CC genotype was associated with poor survival of breast cancer (HR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.30-3.70, P=0.003). Stratified analyses demonstrated that rs10878441 was related to breast cancer prognosis in grade II and lymph node-negative patients (P<0.05). The Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) rs10878441 CC genotype is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer in a Chinese population and may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. • The LRRK2 rs10878441 CC genotype is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer in a Chinese population. • Stratified analyses demonstrated that rs10878441 was related to breast cancer prognosis in grade II patients and lymph node-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Infection Control, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cancer Biobank, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
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15
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Mohammadi S, Dolatshahi M, Rahmani F. Shedding light on thyroid hormone disorders and Parkinson disease pathology: mechanisms and risk factors. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1-13. [PMID: 32500445 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons. Dopaminergic system is interconnected with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Dopamine (DA) upregulates thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) while downregulating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones. Moreover, TRH stimulates DA release. PD is associated with impaired regulation of TSH and thyroid hormones (TH) levels, which in turn associate with severity and different subtypes of PD, while levodopa and bromocriptine treatment can interfere with hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Thyroid disturbances, including hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease (GD) not only increase the risk of PD but also share some clinical signs with PD. Also, several genes including RASD2, WSB1, MAPT, GIRK2, LRRK2 and gene products like neurotensin and NOX/DUOX affect the risk for both PD and thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism is associated with obesity, hypercholesterolemia, anemia and altered cerebral blood flow which are associated with PD pathology. Herein we provide a comprehensive view on the association between PD and thyroid hormones regulation and dysregulations, hoping to provide new avenues towards targeted treatment of PD. We performed a comprehensive search in literature using Pubmed and Scopus, yielding to a total number of 36 original articles that had addressed the association between thyroid hormone disorders and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohammadi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - M Dolatshahi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - F Rahmani
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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16
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Malik N, Kornelsen R, McCormick S, Colpo N, Merkens H, Bendre S, Benard F, Sossi V, Schirrmacher R, Schaffer P. Development and biological evaluation of[ 18F]FMN3PA & [ 18F]FMN3PU for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in vivo PET imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113005. [PMID: 33248850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among all genetic mutations of LRRK2, the G2019S mutation is the most commonly associated with the late-onset of Parkinson's disease (PD). Hence, one potential therapeutic approach is to block the hyperactivity of mutated LRRK2 induced by kinase inhibition. To date, only a few LRRK2 kinase inhibitors have been tested for in vivo quantification of target engagement by positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, we performed biological evaluations of two radiolabeled kinase inhibitors i.e. [18F]FMN3PA (14) and [18F]FMN3PU for LRRK2 (15). PROCEDURES Radiosyntheses of [18F]FMN3PA (14) and [18F]FMN3PU (15) were performed using K[18F]-F-K222 complex in a TRACERlab FXN module and purification was carried out via C18 plus (Sep-Pak) cartridges. In vitro specific binding assays were performed in rat brain striatum and kidney tissues using GNE-0877 as a blocking agent (Ki = 0.7 nM). For in vivo blocking, 3 mg/kg of GNE-0877 was injected 30 min before radiotracer injection via tail vein in wild-type (WT) mice (n = 4). Dynamic scans by PET/CT (Siemens Inveon) were performed in WT mice (n = 3). RESULTS Radiofluorinations resulted in radiochemical yields (RCYs) of 25 ± 1.3% (n = 6) ([18F]FMN3PU, 15) and 37 ± 1.6% (n = 6) ([18F]FMN3PA, 14) with ≥96% radiochemical purity (RCP) and a molar activity (MA) of 3.55 ± 1.6 Ci/μmol (131 ± 56 GBq/μmol) for [18F]FMN3PU (15) and 4.57 ± 1.7 Ci/μmol (169 ± 63 GBq/μmol) for [18F]FMN3PA (14), respectively. Saturation assays showed high specific binding for rat brain striatum with Kd 20 ± 1.3 nM ([18F]FMN3PA, 14) and 23.6 ± 4.0 nM ([18F]FMN3PU, 15). In vivo blocking data for [18F]FMN3PA (14) was significant for brain (p < 0.0001, 77% blocking) and kidney (p = 0.0041, 65% blocking). PET images showed uptake in mouse brain striatum. CONCLUSION In the presence of GNE-0877 as a blocking agent, the specific binding of [18F]FMN3PA (14) and [18F]FMN3PU (15) was significant in vitro. [18F]FMN3PA (14) showed good brain uptake in vivo, though fast clearance from brain was observed (within 10-15 min).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadine Colpo
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Canada
| | - Shreya Bendre
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Canada
| | - Francois Benard
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vesna Sossi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
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17
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Sturchio A, Dwivedi AK, Vizcarra JA, Chirra M, Keeling EG, Mata IF, Kauffman MA, Pandey MK, Roviello G, Comi C, Versino M, Marsili L, Espay AJ. Genetic parkinsonisms and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:159-167. [PMID: 33151182 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genes associated with parkinsonism may also be implicated in carcinogenesis, but their interplay remains unclear. We systematically reviewed studies (PubMed 1967-2019) reporting gene variants associated with both parkinsonism and cancer. Somatic variants were examined in cancer samples, whereas germline variants were examined in cancer patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic (carriers) genetic parkinsonisms. Pooled proportions were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. Out of 9,967 eligible articles, 60 were included. Of the 28 genetic variants associated with parkinsonism, six were also associated with cancer. In cancer samples, SNCA was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal cancers, UCHL1 with breast cancer, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. In asymptomatic carriers, LRRK2 was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal and prostate cancers, PRKN with prostate and genitourinary tract cancers, GBA with sarcoma, and 22q11.2 deletion with leukemia. In symptomatic genetic parkinsonism, LRRK2 was associated with nonmelanoma skin cancers and breast cancers, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. Cancer was more often manifested in genetic parkinsonisms compared to asymptomatic carriers. These results suggest that intraindividual genetic contributions may modify the co-occurrence of cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sturchio
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Alok K Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Joaquin A Vizcarra
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martina Chirra
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elizabeth G Keeling
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Ignacio F Mata
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcelo A Kauffman
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Luca Marsili
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
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18
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Jung K, Choi JS, Koo BM, Kim YJ, Song JY, Sung M, Chang ES, Noh KW, An S, Lee MS, Song K, Lee H, Kim RN, Shin YK, Oh DY, Choi YL. TM4SF4 and LRRK2 Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Lung and Breast Cancers through Outlier Analysis. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:9-24. [PMID: 32972043 PMCID: PMC7812009 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To find biomarkers for disease, there have been constant attempts to investigate the genes that differ from those in the disease groups. However, the values that lie outside the overall pattern of a distribution, the outliers, are frequently excluded in traditional analytical methods as they are considered to be ‘some sort of problem.’ Such outliers may have a biologic role in the disease group. Thus, this study explored new biomarker using outlier analysis, and verified the suitability of therapeutic potential of two genes (TM4SF4 and LRRK2). Materials and Methods Modified Tukey’s fences outlier analysis was carried out to identify new biomarkers using the public gene expression datasets. And we verified the presence of the selected biomarkers in other clinical samples via customized gene expression panels and tissue microarrays. Moreover, a siRNA-based knockdown test was performed to evaluate the impact of the biomarkers on oncogenic phenotypes. Results TM4SF4 in lung cancer and LRRK2 in breast cancer were chosen as candidates among the genes derived from the analysis. TM4SF4 and LRRK2 were overexpressed in the small number of samples with lung cancer (4.20%) and breast cancer (2.42%), respectively. Knockdown of TM4SF4 and LRRK2 suppressed the growth of lung and breast cancer cell lines. The LRRK2 overexpressing cell lines were more sensitive to LRRK2-IN-1 than the LRRK2 under-expressing cell lines Conclusion Our modified outlier-based analysis method has proved to rescue biomarkers previously missed or unnoticed by traditional analysis showing TM4SF4 and LRRK2 are novel target candidates for lung and breast cancer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsoo Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Beom-Mo Koo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjung Sung
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sol Chang
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka-Won Noh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungbin An
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hannah Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryong Nam Kim
- Bio-MAX/N-BIO, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Yi Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Lopez G, Lazzeri G, Rappa A, Isimbaldi G, Cribiù FM, Guerini-Rocco E, Ferrero S, Vaira V, Di Fonzo A. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Reveals the Prognostic Role of LRRK2 Copy-Number Variations in Human Malignancies. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080846. [PMID: 32722212 PMCID: PMC7465025 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), one of the most important contributors to familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), have been hypothesized to play a role in cancer development due to demographical and preclinical data. Here, we sought to define the prevalence and prognostic significance of LRRK2 somatic mutations across all types of human malignancies by querying the publicly available online genomic database cBioPortal. Ninety-six different studies with 14,041 cases were included in the analysis, and 761/14,041 (5.4%) showed genetic alterations in LRRK2. Among these, 585 (76.9%) were point mutations, indels or fusions, 168 (22.1%) were copy number variations (CNVs), and 8 (1.0%) showed both types of alterations. One case showed the somatic mutation R1441C. A significant difference in terms of overall survival (OS) was noted between cases harboring somatic LRRK2 whole deletions, amplifications, and CNV-unaltered cases (median OS: 20.09, 57.40, and 106.57 months, respectively; p = 0.0008). These results suggest that both LRRK2 amplifications and whole gene deletions could play a role in cancer development, paving the way for future research in terms of potential treatment with LRRK2 small molecule inhibitors for LRRK2-amplified cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.M.C.); (S.F.); (V.V.)
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Lazzeri
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.F.)
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- School of Neurology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rappa
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Giuseppe Isimbaldi
- Unit of Surgical Pathology and Cytogenetics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.M.C.); (S.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (E.G.-R.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.M.C.); (S.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.M.C.); (S.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda–Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.D.F.)
- Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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20
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Gu S, Chen J, Zhou Q, Yan M, He J, Han X, Qiu Y. LRRK2 Is Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Downregulation of LRRK2 Suppresses Tumor Progress In Vitro. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:500-508. [PMID: 31489563 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene was confirmed to be associated with a variety of diseases, while the physiological function of LRRK2 remains poorly understood. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has over the last 10 years become the focus of increasing concern largely. Despite recent progress in the standard of care and management options for ICC, the prognosis for this devastating cancer remains dismal. METHODS A total of 57 consecutive ICC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy in our institution were included in our study. We conduct a retrospective study to evaluate the prognostic value of LRRK2 in ICC after resection. The mechanism of LRRK2 in ICC development was also investigated in vitro. RESULTS All patients were divided into two groups according to the content of LRRK2 in the tissue microarray blocks via immunohistochemistry: low-LRRK2 group (n = 33) and high-LRRK2 group (n = 24). The recurrence-free survival rate of high-LRRK2 group was significantly poorer than that of low-LRRK2 group (P = 0.010). Multivariate analysis showed high-LRRK2 was the prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival after hepatectomy. We demonstrated that downregulation of LRRK2 depressed the proliferation and metastasis of ICC cells in vitro. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that LRRK2 was an independent prognostic factor for ICC in humans by participating in the proliferation and metastasis of ICC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Gu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minghao Yan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Drug resistance in papillary RCC: from putative mechanisms to clinical practicalities. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:655-673. [PMID: 31602010 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype and accounts for 10-15% of all RCCs. Despite clinical need, few pharmacogenomics studies in pRCC have been performed. Moreover, current research fails to adequately include pRCC laboratory models, such as the ACHN or Caki-2 pRCC cell lines. The molecular mechanisms involved in pRCC development and drug resistance are more diverse than in clear-cell RCC, in which inactivation of VHL occurs in the majority of tumours. Drug resistance to multiple therapies in pRCC occurs via genetic alteration (such as mutations resulting in abnormal receptor tyrosine kinase activation or RALBP1 inhibition), dysregulation of signalling pathways (such as GSK3β-EIF4EBP1, PI3K-AKT and the MAPK or interleukin signalling pathways), deregulation of cellular processes (such as resistance to apoptosis or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and interactions between the cell and its environment (for example, through activation of matrix metalloproteinases). Improved understanding of resistance mechanisms will facilitate drug discovery and provide new effective therapies. Further studies on novel resistance biomarkers are needed to improve patient prognosis and stratification as well as drug development.
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22
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Wang J, Wang Y, Kong F, Han R, Song W, Chen D, Bu L, Wang S, Yue J, Ma L. Identification of a six‐gene prognostic signature for oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3056-3068. [PMID: 31538341 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wang
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Fanzhi Kong
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Wenbin Song
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Lingxue Bu
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Shuangyi Wang
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Jin Yue
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
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23
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Fukamachi K, Hagiwara Y, Futakuchi M, Alexander DB, Tsuda H, Suzui M. Evaluation of a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreas cancer using an animal model. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:135-141. [PMID: 31404387 PMCID: PMC6682554 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been taken to identify new biomarkers of pancreatic ductal
carcinoma (PDC). Since animal models can be sampled under controlled conditions, better
standardization is possible compared with heterogeneous human studies. Transgenic rats
with conditional activation of oncogenic RAS in pancreatic tissue develop PDC that closely
resembles the biological and histopathological features of human PDC. Using this model, we
evaluated the usefulness of leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG-1) as a serum marker. In
this study, we found that LRG-1 was overexpressed in rat PDC compared with normal pancreas
tissue of the control rats. Serum levels of LRG-1 were also significantly higher in rats
bearing PDC than in controls. Importantly, chronic pancreatitis in male Wistar Bonn/Kobori
rats, which is a widely accepted as a model of chronic pancreatitis, did not cause serum
levels of LRG-1 to become elevated. These results strongly support serum LRG-1 as a
candidate biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis of PDC. Our models of pancreas cancer
provide a useful strategy for evaluation of candidate markers applicable to human
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hagiwara
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories, 1091-1 Naka, Fujioka-shi, Gunma 375-0005, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masumi Suzui
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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24
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Jiang ZC, Chen XJ, Zhou Q, Gong XH, Chen X, Wu WJ. Downregulated LRRK2 gene expression inhibits proliferation and migration while promoting the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:21-34. [PMID: 31180559 PMCID: PMC6561619 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have indicated that leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is associated with thyroid cancer (TC). The present study investigated the effect of LRRK2 on the cell cycle and apoptosis in TC, and examined the underlying mechanisms in vitro. To screen TC-associated differentially expressed genes, gene expression microarray analysis was conducted. Retrieval of pathways associated with TC from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database indicated that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway serves an essential role in TC. SW579, IHH-4, TFC-133, TPC-1 and Nthy-ori3-1 cell lines were used to screen cell lines with the highest and lowest LRRK2 expression for subsequent experiments. The two selected cell lines were transfected with pcDNA-LRRK2, or small interfering RNA against LRRK2 or SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor). Subsequently, flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling, a 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay and a scratch test was conducted to detect the cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, proliferation and migration, respectively, in each group. The LRRK2 gene was determined to be elevated in TC based on the microarray data of the GSE3678 dataset. The SW579 cell line was identified to exhibit the highest LRRK2 expression, while IHH-4 cells exhibited the lowest LRRK2 expression. LRRK2 silencing, through inhibiting the activation of the JNK signaling pathway, increased the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in TC cells, promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited cell migration and proliferation in TC cells, indicating that LRRK2 repression could exert beneficial effects through the JNK signaling pathway on TC cells. These observations demonstrate that LRRK2 silencing promotes TC cell growth inhibition, and facilitates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The JNK signaling pathway may serve a crucial role in mediating the anti-carcinogenic activities of downregulated LRRK2 in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Cai Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
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Zhao Y, Zhao L, Li J, Zhong L. Silencing of long noncoding RNA RP11-476D10.1 enhances apoptosis and autophagy while inhibiting proliferation of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells via microRNA-138-5p-dependent inhibition of LRRK2. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20980-20991. [PMID: 31102261 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The distant metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a major threat for PTC patients. Moreover, the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of PTC progression has been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to underscore whether lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 affects the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of PTC cells. Initially, we determined that lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 and LRRK2 were highly expressed in PTC cells. Meanwhile, through experimentation, miR-138-5p was confirmed to bind with lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 and LRRK2. It was also revealed that lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 downregulated the miR-138-5p expression, thereby upregulating the LRRK2 expression. After that, PTC cells were transfected with siRNA against RP11-476D10.1, or inhibitor or mimic of miR-138-5p to evaluate the influence of lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 on the PTC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy in vitro and on the tumor formation ability in vivo. The results showed that silenced lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 or overexpressed miR-138-5p enhanced the apoptosis and autophagy of PTC cells while reducing cell proliferation, with increased levels of Bax, LC3B, and Beclin1 and decreased Bcl-2 level were observed. The inhibitory role of silenced lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 role in the PTC development was further verified by the reduced tumor formation ability in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 could bind to miR-138-5p and promote LRRK2 expression. Moreover, the silencing of lncRNA RP11-476D10.1 may inhibit the development of PTC, highlighting a novel insight for the development of superior therapeutic targets for PTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Purchasing Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Chokeshaiusaha K, Puthier D, Nguyen C, Sudjaidee P, Sananmuang T. Factor Analysis for Bicluster Acquisition (FABIA) revealed vincristine-sensitive transcript pattern of canine transmissible venereal tumors. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01558. [PMID: 31193204 PMCID: PMC6520609 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic treatment for Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) commonly relies on vincristine administration. Since the treatment outcomes can vary among CTVT cases, gaining insight into the tumor cell mechanisms influencing vincristine's potency should render veterinarians novel knowledge to enhance its therapeutic effect. This study aimed to attain such knowledge from a meta-analysis of CTVT mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) transcriptome data using Factor Analysis for Bicluster Acquisition (FABIA) biclustering. FABIA biclustering identified 459 genes consistently expressed among mRNA-seq transcription profiling of CTVT samples regressed by vincristine. These genes were also differentially expressed from those of progressive CTVT (FDR ≤ 0.001). Enrichment analysis illustrated the affiliation of these genes with "Antigen presentation" and "Lysosome" GO terms (FDR ≤ 0.05). Several genes in "Lysosome" term involved 5 cell mechanisms-antigen presentation, autophagy, cell-adhesion, lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), and PI3K/mTOR signaling. This study integrated FABIA biclustering in CTVT transcriptome analysis to gain insight into cell mechanisms responsible for vincristine-sensitive characteristics of the tumor, in order to identify new molecular targets augmenting therapeutic effect of vincristine. Interestingly, the analysis indicated LMP targeting by lysosome destabilizing agent-siramesine as the promising vincristine's enhancer for future study. As far as we know, this is the first canine tumor transcriptomic meta-analysis applying FABIA biclustering for the betterment of future CTVT therapy. This study hereby provided an interesting manifestation to acquire such knowledge in other canine neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Chokeshaiusaha
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - D. Puthier
- Aix Marseille Univ, TAGC INSERM UMR 1090, Marseille, France
| | - C. Nguyen
- Aix Marseille Univ, TAGC INSERM UMR 1090, Marseille, France
| | - P. Sudjaidee
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - T. Sananmuang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Chonburi, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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27
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Chen LL, Gao GX, Shen FX, Chen X, Gong XH, Wu WJ. SDC4 Gene Silencing Favors Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Mol Cells 2018; 41:853-867. [PMID: 30165731 PMCID: PMC6182223 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most common type of endocrine malignancy, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for 85-90% of all thyroid cancers. In this study, we presented the hypothesis that SDC4 gene silencing could effectively attenuate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and promote cell apoptosis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human PTC cells. Bioinformatics methods were employed to screen the determined differential expression levels of SDC4 in PTC and adjacent normal samples. PTC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were prepared and their respective levels of SDC4 protein positive expression, in addition to the mRNA and protein levels of SDC4, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, EMT and apoptosis related genes were all detected accordingly. Flow cytometry was applied in order to detect cell cycle entry and apoptosis. Finally, analyses of PTC migration and invasion abilities were assessed by using a Transwell assay and scratch test. In PTC tissues, activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, increased EMT and repressed cell apoptosis were determined. Moreover, the PTC K1 and TPC-1 cell lines exhibiting the highest SDC4 expression were selected for further experiments. In vitro experiments revealed that SDC4 gene silencing could suppress cell migration, invasion and EMT, while acting to promote the apoptosis of PTC cells by inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Besides, si-β-catenin was observed to inhibit the promotion of PTC cell migration and invasion caused by SDC4 overexpression. Our study revealed that SDC4 gene silencing represses EMT, and enhances cell apoptosis by suppressing the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010,
P.R. China
| | - Ge-Xin Gao
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000,
P.R. China
| | - Fei-Xia Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015,
P.R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015,
P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015,
P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015,
P.R. China
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28
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Lanning NJ, VanOpstall C, Goodall ML, MacKeigan JP, Looyenga BD. LRRK2 deficiency impairs trans-Golgi to lysosome trafficking and endocytic cargo degradation in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1465-F1477. [PMID: 30089035 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00009.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in vesicular trafficking underlie a wide variety of human diseases. Genetic disruption of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in rodents results in epithelial vesicular trafficking errors that can also be induced by treatment of animals with LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. Here we demonstrate that defects in human renal cells lacking LRRK2 phenocopy those seen in the kidneys of Lrrk2 knockout mice, characterized by accumulation of intracellular waste vesicles and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus. This phenotype can be recapitulated by knockdown of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, which physically associates with LRRK2 in renal cells. Deficiency in either protein leads to a defect in trans-Golgi to lysosome protein trafficking, which compromises the capacity of lysosomes to degrade endocytic and autophagic cargo. In contrast, neither bulk endocytosis nor autophagic flux are impaired when LRRK2 is acutely knocked down in normal immortalized human kidney (HK2) cells. These data collectively suggest that the primary renal defect caused by LRRK2 deficiency is in protein trafficking between the Golgi apparatus and late endosome/lysosome, which leads to progressive impairments in lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Lanning
- Van Andel Research Institute, Lab of Systems Biology , Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Calvin VanOpstall
- Calvin College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Megan L Goodall
- Van Andel Research Institute, Lab of Systems Biology , Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey P MacKeigan
- Van Andel Research Institute, Lab of Systems Biology , Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Brendan D Looyenga
- Van Andel Research Institute, Lab of Systems Biology , Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Calvin College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Grand Rapids, Michigan
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29
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Banyai D, Sarlos DP, Nagy A, Kovacs G. Recalling Cohnheim's Theory: Papillary Renal Cell Tumor as a Model of Tumorigenesis from Impaired Embryonal Differentiation to Malignant Tumors in Adults. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:784-790. [PMID: 29910688 PMCID: PMC6001684 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have suggested that papillary renal cell tumor (PRCT) of the kidney arises from nephrogenic rest-like lesions. To approve our hypothesis, we worked up 14 kidneys bearing papillary and 14 ones with conventional renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) histologically and found 42 papillary lesions in average per kidney bearing PRCT. PRCTs are characterized by loss of the Y chromosome and trisomy of chromosomes 7 and 17. The MET and HNF1B are localized to chromosome 7q31 and 17q21 and are frequently amplified in PRCT. We have analyzed the expression of the mutant MET in hereditary PRCTs and precursor lesions and found duplication and expression of the mutated allele. Because both genes are involved in early stage of nephron development, we have analyzed the expression of MET and HNF1B by immunohistochemistry in fetal kidneys, precursor lesions and PRCTs. We detected strong expression of MET and HNF1B in distal compartment of S-shaped body of fetal kidneys and in nephrogenic rest-like precursor lesions. Our finding suggests an association between expression of MET and HNF1B in precursor lesions and development of PRCT. We propose a model involving chromosomal clonal evolution and corresponding gene expression for development of PRCTs from embryonic rests due to impaired differentiation. Our model suggests that PRCT have a natural history distinct from that of most common CRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Banyai
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Donat P Sarlos
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Anetta Nagy
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gyula Kovacs
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Hungary.,Medical Faculty, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Warø BJ, Aasly JO. Exploring cancer in LRRK2 mutation carriers and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00858. [PMID: 29568677 PMCID: PMC5853627 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the risk of non-skin cancer in LRRK2 mutation carriers and individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD), explore the age at which LRRK2 mutation carriers have cancer compared to iPD subjects, and clarify whether certain cancers are more closely associated with the LRRK2 mutation than iPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Demographic data and cancer outcomes from 830 iPD patients and 103 LRRK2 mutation carriers (27 with PD) were retrospectively collected. Oncologic data were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway and included cancer type and age at cancer. All study participants were of Norwegian ethnicity. RESULTS LRRK2 mutation carriers have increased risk of non-skin cancer compared with iPD subjects (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16-3.77; p = .015). A significant association was found between the mutation and breast cancer in women (OR 4.58; 95% CI 1.45-14.51; p = .010). No other associations between harboring a LRRK2 mutation and specific cancer types were uncovered. CONCLUSION LRRK2 mutation carriers have an increased risk of non-skin cancer compared with iPD subjects, which was mainly driven by the association between harboring the mutation and breast cancer in women. The increased risk is likely independent of ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørg Johanne Warø
- Department of Neuroscience Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway.,Department of Neurology St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim Norway
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neuroscience Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway.,Department of Neurology St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim Norway
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31
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Santiago JA, Bottero V, Potashkin JA. Biological and Clinical Implications of Comorbidities in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:394. [PMID: 29255414 PMCID: PMC5722846 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of comorbidities has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects more than seven million people worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that chronic diseases including diabetes, depression, anemia and cancer may be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that some of these comorbidities may increase the risk of PD and precede the onset of motor symptoms. Further, drugs to treat diabetes and cancer have elicited neuroprotective effects in PD models. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of these comorbidities remain elusive. Herein, we discuss the biological and clinical implications of comorbidities in the pathogenesis, progression, and clinical management, with an emphasis on personalized medicine applications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santiago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Virginie Bottero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith A Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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32
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Li Z, Zhao K, Tian H. Integrated analysis of differential expression and alternative splicing of non-small cell lung cancer based on RNA sequencing. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1519-1525. [PMID: 28789374 PMCID: PMC5529932 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Numerous diagnosis and treatment methods have been proposed, and the prognosis of NSCLC has improved to a certain extent. However, the mechanisms of NSCLC remain largely unknown, and additional studies are required. In the present study, the RNA sequencing dataset of NSCLC was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). The clean reads obtained from the raw data were mapped to the University of California Santa Cruz human genome (hg19), based on TopHat, and were assembled into transcripts via Cufflink. The differential expression (DE) and differential alternative splicing (DAS) genes were screened out through Cuffdiff and rMATS, respectively. The significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were obtained through the Database of Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Different numbers of DE and DAS genes were identified in different types of NSCLC samples, but a number of common functions and pathways were obtained, including biological processes associated with abnormal immune and cell activity. GO terms and pathways associated with substance metabolism, including the insulin signaling pathway and oxidative phosphorylation, were enriched in DAS genes rather than DE genes. Integrated analysis of differential expression and alternative splicing may be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of NSCLC, in addition to its early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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33
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Xi SS, Bai XX, Gu L, Bao LH, Yang HM, An W, Wang XM, Zhang H. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 mediates the suppressive effect of 6-OHDA-induced model of Parkinson's disease on liver cancer. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:145-157. [PMID: 28455267 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies suggested that there is a variable cancer risk in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) has been investigated in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD combined with liver cancer both in vitro and in vivo. We found that PD cellular model from 6-OHDA-lesioned MN9D cells suppressed the growth, migration, and invasion of Hepa1-6 cells via down-regulation of mGluR5-mediated ERK and Akt pathway. The application of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethyl)-pyridine and knockdown of mGluR5 further decreased the effect on Hepa-1-6 cells when co-cultured with conditioned media. The effect was increased by (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine and overexpression of mGluR5. Moreover, more release of glutamate from 6-OHDA-lesioned MN9D cells suppressed mGluR5-mediated effect of Hepa1-6 cells. Application of riluzole eliminated the increased glutamate release induced by 6-OHDA in MN9D cells and aggravated the suppressive effect on Hepa-1-6 cells. In addition, the growth of implanted liver cancer was inhibited in 6-OHDA induced PD-like rats, and was associated with increased glutamate release in the serum and down-regulation of mGluR5 in tumor tissue. Collectively, these results indicate that selective antagonism of glutamate and mGluR5 has a potentially beneficial effect in both liver cancer and PD, and thus may provide more understanding for the clinical investigation and further an additional therapeutic target for these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Song Xi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Bai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li-Hui Bao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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34
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Matak D, Brodaczewska KK, Lipiec M, Szymanski Ł, Szczylik C, Czarnecka AM. Colony, hanging drop, and methylcellulose three dimensional hypoxic growth optimization of renal cell carcinoma cell lines. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:565-578. [PMID: 28321776 PMCID: PMC5507837 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal of the common urologic malignancies, comprising 3% of all human neoplasms, and the incidence of kidney cancer is rising annually. We need new approaches to target tumor cells that are resistant to current therapies and that give rise to recurrence and treatment failure. In this study, we focused on low oxygen tension and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture incorporation to develop a new RCC growth model. We used the hanging drop and colony formation methods, which are common in 3D culture, as well as a unique methylcellulose (MC) method. For the experiments, we used human primary RCC cell lines, metastatic RCC cell lines, human kidney cancer stem cells, and human healthy epithelial cells. In the hanging drop assay, we verified the potential of various cell lines to create solid aggregates in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. With the semi-soft agar method, we also determined the ability of various cell lines to create colonies under different oxygen conditions. Different cell behavior observed in the MC method versus the hanging drop and colony formation assays suggests that these three assays may be useful to test various cell properties. However, MC seems to be a particularly valuable alternative for 3D cell culture, as its higher efficiency of aggregate formation and serum independency are of interest in different areas of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Matak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Lipiec
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szymanski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
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35
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Functional significance of CD105-positive cells in papillary renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:21. [PMID: 28056882 PMCID: PMC5217207 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD105 was postulated as a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stem cell marker, and CD133 as a putative RCC progenitor. Hypoxia, a natural microenvironment that prevails in tumors, was also incorporated into the study, especially in terms of the promotion of hypothetical stem-like cell properties. Methods Within this study, we verify the existence of CD105+ and CD133+ populations in selected papillary subtype RCC (pRCC) cell lines. Both populations were analyzed for correlation with stem-like cell properties, such as stemness gene expression, and sphere and colony formation. For the preliminary analysis, several RCC cell lines were chosen (786-O, SMKT-R2, Caki-2, 796-P, ACHN, RCC6) and the control was human kidney cancer stem cells (HKCSC) and renal cells of embryonic origin (ASE-5063). Four cell lines were chosen for further investigation: Caki-2 (one of the highest numbers of CD105+ cells; primary origin), ACHN (a low number of CD105+ cells; metastatic origin), HKCSC (putative positive control), and ASE-5063 (additional control). Results In 769-P and RCC6, we could not detect a CD105+ population. Hypoxia variously affects pRCC cell growth, and mainly diminishes the stem-like properties of cells. Furthermore, we could not observe the correlation of CD105 and/or CD133 expression with the enhancement of stem-like properties. Conclusions Based on this analysis, CD105/CD133 cannot be validated as cancer stem cell markers of pRCC cell lines.
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36
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Abstract
LRRK2 mutations are present in 1% of all sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) cases and 5% of all familial PD cases. Several mutations in the LRRK2 gene are associated with PD, the most common of which is the Gly2019Ser mutation. In the following review, we summarize the demographics and motor and non-motor symptoms of LRRK2 carriers with PD, as well as symptoms in non-manifesting carriers. The clinical features of LRRK2-associated PD are often indistinguishable from those of idiopathic PD on an individual basis. However, LRRK2 PD patients are likely to have less non-motor symptoms compared to idiopathic PD patients, including less olfactory and cognitive impairment. LRRK2-associated PD patients are less likely to report REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) than noncarriers. In addition, it is possible that carriers are more prone to cancer than noncarriers with PD, but larger studies are required to confirm this observation. Development of more sensitive biomarkers to identify mutation carriers at risk of developing PD, as well as biomarkers of disease progression among LRRK2 carriers with PD, is required. Such biomarkers would help evaluate interventions, which may prevent PD among non-manifesting carriers, or slow down disease progression among carriers with PD.
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37
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Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including the catabolic pathways collectively described as autophagy. In this chapter, the evidence linking LRRK2 to autophagy will be examined, along with how regulation of autophagy and lysosomal pathways may provide a nexus between the physiological function of this protein and the different diseases with which it has been associated. Data from cellular and animal models for LRRK2 function and dysfunction support a role in the regulation and control of autophagic pathways in the cell, although the extant results do not provide a clear indication as to whether LRRK2 is a positive or negative regulator of these pathways, and there are conflicting data as to the impact of mutations in LRRK2 causative for Parkinson's disease. Given that LRRK2 is a priority drug target for Parkinson's, the evidence suggesting that knockout or inhibition of LRRK2 can result in deregulation of autophagy may have important implications and is discussed in the context of our wider understanding of LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manzoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
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38
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Brodaczewska KK, Szczylik C, Fiedorowicz M, Porta C, Czarnecka AM. Choosing the right cell line for renal cell cancer research. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:83. [PMID: 27993170 PMCID: PMC5168717 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are still a tool of choice for many fields of biomedical research, including oncology. Although cancer is a very complex disease, many discoveries have been made using monocultures of established cell lines. Therefore, the proper use of in vitro models is crucial to enhance our understanding of cancer. Therapeutics against renal cell cancer (RCC) are also screened with the use of cell lines. Multiple RCC in vitro cultures are available, allowing in vivo heterogeneity in the laboratory, but at the same time, these can be a source of errors. In this review, we tried to sum up the data on the RCC cell lines used currently. An increasing amount of data on RCC shed new light on the molecular background of the disease; however, it revealed how much still needs to be done. As new types of RCC are being distinguished, novel cell lines and the re-exploration of old ones seems to be indispensable to create effective in vitro tools for drug screening and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Science Medical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
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39
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Inzelberg R, Flash S, Friedman E, Azizi E. Cutaneous malignant melanoma and Parkinson disease: Common pathways? Ann Neurol 2016; 80:811-820. [PMID: 27761938 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Parkinson disease (PD) are unclear, but plausibly involve common pathways. 129Ser-phosphorylated α-synuclein, a pathological PD hallmark, is abundantly expressed in CMM, but not in normal skin. In inherited PD, PARK genes harbor germline mutations; the same genes are somatically mutated in CMM, or their encoded proteins are involved in melanomagenesis. Conversely, genes associated with CMM affect PD risk. PD/CMM-targeted cells share neural crest origin and melanogenesis capability. Pigmentation gene variants may underlie their susceptibility. We review putative genetic intersections that may be suggestive of shared pathways in neurodegeneration/melanomagenesis. Ann Neurol 2016;80:811-820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Inzelberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
| | - Shira Flash
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | - Esther Azizi
- Department of Dermatology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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40
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Park Y, Lim S, Nam JW, Kim S. Measuring intratumor heterogeneity by network entropy using RNA-seq data. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37767. [PMID: 27883053 PMCID: PMC5121893 DOI: 10.1038/srep37767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is observed at different stages of tumor progression, metastasis and reouccurence, which can be important for clinical applications. We used RNA-sequencing data from tumor samples, and measured the level of ITH in terms of biological network states. To model complex relationships among genes, we used a protein interaction network to consider gene-gene dependency. ITH was measured by using an entropy-based distance metric between two networks, nJSD, with Jensen-Shannon Divergence (JSD). With nJSD, we defined transcriptome-based ITH (tITH). The effectiveness of tITH was extensively tested for the issues related with ITH using real biological data sets. Human cancer cell line data and single-cell sequencing data were investigated to verify our approach. Then, we analyzed TCGA pan-cancer 6,320 patients. Our result was in agreement with widely used genome-based ITH inference methods, while showed better performance at survival analysis. Analysis of mouse clonal evolution data further confirmed that our transcriptome-based ITH was consistent with genetic heterogeneity at different clonal evolution stages. Additionally, we found that cell cycle related pathways have significant contribution to increasing heterogeneity on the network during clonal evolution. We believe that the proposed transcriptome-based ITH is useful to characterize heterogeneity of a tumor sample at RNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjune Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Jin-Wu Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Huang F, Ma Z, Pollan S, Yuan X, Swartwood S, Gertych A, Rodriguez M, Mallick J, Bhele S, Guindi M, Dhall D, Walts AE, Bose S, de Peralta Venturina M, Marchevsky AM, Luthringer DJ, Feller SM, Berman B, Freeman MR, Alvord WG, Vande Woude G, Amin MB, Knudsen BS. Quantitative imaging for development of companion diagnostics to drugs targeting HGF/MET. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:210-222. [PMID: 27785366 PMCID: PMC5068192 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited clinical success of anti-HGF/MET drugs can be attributed to the lack of predictive biomarkers that adequately select patients for treatment. We demonstrate here that quantitative digital imaging of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues stained by immunohistochemistry can be used to measure signals from weakly staining antibodies and provides new opportunities to develop assays for detection of MET receptor activity. To establish a biomarker panel of MET activation, we employed seven antibodies measuring protein expression in the HGF/MET pathway in 20 cases and up to 80 cores from 18 human cancer types. The antibodies bind to epitopes in the extra (EC)- and intracellular (IC) domains of MET (MET4EC, SP44_METIC, D1C2_METIC), to MET-pY1234/pY1235, a marker of MET kinase activation, as well as to HGF, pSFK or pMAPK. Expression of HGF was determined in tumour cells (T_HGF) as well as in stroma surrounding cancer (St_HGF). Remarkably, MET4EC correlated more strongly with pMET (r = 0.47) than SP44_METIC (r = 0.21) or D1C2_METIC (r = 0.08) across 18 cancer types. In addition, correlation coefficients of pMET and T_HGF (r = 0.38) and pMET and pSFK (r = 0.56) were high. Prediction models of MET activation reveal cancer-type specific differences in performance of MET4EC, SP44_METIC and anti-HGF antibodies. Thus, we conclude that assays to predict the response to HGF/MET inhibitors require a cancer-type specific antibody selection and should be developed in those cancer types in which they are employed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Zhaoxuan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Sara Pollan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Xiaopu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Steven Swartwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Departments of Surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Maria Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Jayati Mallick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Sanica Bhele
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Maha Guindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Deepti Dhall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Ann E Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Shikha Bose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Mariza de Peralta Venturina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Alberto M Marchevsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Daniel J Luthringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Stephan M Feller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Benjamin Berman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA; Departments of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA; Cancer Biology Program, Departments of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA
| | - W Gregory Alvord
- Data Management Services, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick Frederick Maryland 21702 USA
| | - George Vande Woude
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids Michigan 49503 USA
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia90048USA
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42
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Li Z, Zheng Z, Ruan J, Li Z, Tzeng CM. Chronic Inflammation Links Cancer and Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:126. [PMID: 27375474 PMCID: PMC4891345 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of genetic studies suggest that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer share common genes, pathways, and mechanisms. Despite a disruption in a wide range of similar biological processes, the end result is very different: uncontrolled proliferation and early neurodegeneration. Thus, the links between the molecular mechanisms that cause PD and cancer remain to be elucidated. We propose that chronic inflammation in neurons and tumors contributes to a microenvironment that favors the accumulation of DNA mutations and facilitates disease formation. This article appraises the key role of microglia, establishes the genetic role of COX2 and CARD15 in PD and cancer, and discusses prevention and treatment with this new perspective in mind. We examine the evidence that chronic inflammation is an important link between cancer and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Zaozao Zheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Jun Ruan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China; INNOVA Cell TheranosticYangzhou, China; TRANSLA Health GroupXiamen, China
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Inzelberg R, Samuels Y, Azizi E, Qutob N, Inzelberg L, Domany E, Schechtman E, Friedman E. Parkinson disease (PARK) genes are somatically mutated in cutaneous melanoma. Neurol Genet 2016; 2:e70. [PMID: 27123489 PMCID: PMC4832432 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether Parkinson disease (PD) genes are somatically mutated in cutaneous melanoma (CM) tissue, because CM occurs in patients with PD at higher rates than in the general population and PD is more common than expected in CM cohorts. METHODS We cross-referenced somatic mutations in metastatic CM detected by whole-exome sequencing with the 15 known PD (PARK) genes. We computed the empirical distribution of the sum of mutations in each gene (Smut) and of the number of tissue samples in which a given gene was mutated at least once (SSampl) for each of the analyzable genes, determined the 90th and 95th percentiles of the empirical distributions of these sums, and verified the location of PARK genes in these distributions. Identical analyses were applied to adenocarcinoma of lung (ADENOCA-LUNG) and squamous cell carcinoma of lung (SQUAMCA-LUNG). We also analyzed the distribution of the number of mutated PARK genes in CM samples vs the 2 lung cancers. RESULTS Somatic CM mutation analysis (n = 246) detected 315,914 mutations in 18,758 genes. Somatic CM mutations were found in 14 of 15 PARK genes. Forty-eight percent of CM samples carried ≥1 PARK mutation and 25% carried multiple PARK mutations. PARK8 mutations occurred above the 95th percentile of the empirical distribution for SMut and SSampl. Significantly more CM samples harbored multiple PARK gene mutations compared with SQUAMCA-LUNG (p = 0.0026) and with ADENOCA-LUNG (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The overrepresentation of somatic PARK mutations in CM suggests shared dysregulated pathways for CM and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Inzelberg
- Department of Neurology (R.I.), Department of Dermatology (E.A.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation (R.I.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.S., N.Q.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; The Sagol School of Neuroscience (L.I.), Tel Aviv University; Department of Physics of Complex Systems (E.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (E.S.), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit (E.F.), Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.F.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Neurology (R.I.), Department of Dermatology (E.A.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation (R.I.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.S., N.Q.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; The Sagol School of Neuroscience (L.I.), Tel Aviv University; Department of Physics of Complex Systems (E.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (E.S.), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit (E.F.), Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.F.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Esther Azizi
- Department of Neurology (R.I.), Department of Dermatology (E.A.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation (R.I.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.S., N.Q.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; The Sagol School of Neuroscience (L.I.), Tel Aviv University; Department of Physics of Complex Systems (E.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (E.S.), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit (E.F.), Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.F.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nouar Qutob
- Department of Neurology (R.I.), Department of Dermatology (E.A.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation (R.I.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.S., N.Q.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; The Sagol School of Neuroscience (L.I.), Tel Aviv University; Department of Physics of Complex Systems (E.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (E.S.), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit (E.F.), Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.F.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Lilah Inzelberg
- Department of Neurology (R.I.), Department of Dermatology (E.A.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation (R.I.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.S., N.Q.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; The Sagol School of Neuroscience (L.I.), Tel Aviv University; Department of Physics of Complex Systems (E.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (E.S.), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit (E.F.), Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.F.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eytan Domany
- Department of Neurology (R.I.), Department of Dermatology (E.A.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation (R.I.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.S., N.Q.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; The Sagol School of Neuroscience (L.I.), Tel Aviv University; Department of Physics of Complex Systems (E.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (E.S.), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit (E.F.), Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.F.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Edna Schechtman
- Department of Neurology (R.I.), Department of Dermatology (E.A.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation (R.I.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.S., N.Q.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; The Sagol School of Neuroscience (L.I.), Tel Aviv University; Department of Physics of Complex Systems (E.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (E.S.), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit (E.F.), Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.F.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Department of Neurology (R.I.), Department of Dermatology (E.A.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation (R.I.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Molecular Cell Biology (Y.S., N.Q.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; The Sagol School of Neuroscience (L.I.), Tel Aviv University; Department of Physics of Complex Systems (E.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Department of Industrial Engineering and Management (E.S.), Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit (E.F.), Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (E.F.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Yin M, Wang W, Rosenberg J, Kaag M, Joshi M, Holder S, Tuanquin L, Drabick JJ. Targeted Therapy in Collecting Duct Carcinoma of the Kidney: A Case Report and Literature Review. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 14:e203-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bae JR, Lee BD. Function and dysfunction of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2): Parkinson's disease and beyond. BMB Rep 2016; 48:243-8. [PMID: 25703537 PMCID: PMC4578562 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.5.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of
familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). As such, functions and dysfunctions of LRRK2
in PD have been the subject of extensive investigation. In addition to PD,
increasing evidence is suggesting that LRRK2 is associated with a wide range of
diseases. Genome-wide association studies have implicated LRRK2 in Crohn’s
disease (CD) and leprosy, and the carriers with pathogenic mutations of LRRK2
show increased risk to develop particular types of cancer. LRRK2 mutations are
rarely found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but LRRK2 might play a part in
tauopathies. The association of LRRK2 with the pathogenesis of apparently
unrelated diseases remains enigmatic, but it might be related to the yet unknown
diverse functions of LRRK2. Here, we reviewed current knowledge on the link
between LRRK2 and several diseases, including PD, AD, CD, leprosy, and cancer,
and discussed the possibility of targeting LRRK2 in such diseases. [BMB Reports
2015; 48(5): 243-248]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ryul Bae
- Department of Neuroscience, of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Byoung Dae Lee
- Department of Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration Control Research Center; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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46
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Feng DD, Cai W, Chen X. The associations between Parkinson's disease and cancer: the plot thickens. Transl Neurodegener 2015; 4:20. [PMID: 26504519 PMCID: PMC4620601 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-015-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies support a general inverse association between the risk of cancer development and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In recent years however, increasing amount of eclectic evidence points to a positive association between PD and cancers through different temporal analyses and ethnic groups. This positive association has been supported by several common genetic mutations in SNCA, PARK2, PARK8, ATM, p53, PTEN, and MC1R resulting in cellular changes such as mitochondrial dysfunction, aberrant protein aggregation, and cell cycle dysregulation. Here, we review the epidemiological and biological advances of the past decade in the association between PD and cancers to offer insight on the recent and sometimes contradictory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D Feng
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Waijiao Cai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiqun Chen
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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47
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Ho DH, Kim H, Kim J, Sim H, Ahn H, Kim J, Seo H, Chung KC, Park BJ, Son I, Seol W. Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) phosphorylates p53 and induces p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression. Mol Brain 2015; 8:54. [PMID: 26384650 PMCID: PMC4575451 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene in which a mutation causes Parkinson’s disease (PD), and p53 is a prototype tumor suppressor. In addition, activation of p53 in patient with PD has been reported by several studies. Because phosphorylation of p53 is critical for regulating its activity and LRRK2 is a kinase, we tested whether p53 is phosphorylated by LRRK2. Results LRRK2 phosphorylates threonine (Thr) at TXR sites in an in vitro kinase assay, and the T304 and T377 were identified as putative phosphorylated residues. An increase of phospho-Thr in the p53 TXR motif was confirmed in the cells overexpressing G2019S, and human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells of a G2019S carrier. Interactions between LRRK2 and p53 were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of lysates of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. LRRK2 mediated p53 phosphorylation translocalizes p53 predominantly to nucleus and increases p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay results. The luciferase assay using the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter-reporter also confirmed that LRRK2 kinase activity increases p21 expression. Exogenous expression of G2019S and the phosphomimetic p53 T304/377D mutants increased expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and cleaved PARP, and cytotoxicity in the same cells. We also observed increase of p21 expression in rat primary neuron cells after transient expression of p53 T304/377D mutants and the mid-brain lysates of the G2019S transgenic mice. Conclusion p53 is a LRRK2 kinase substrate. Phosphorylation of p53 by LRRK2 induces p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and rat primary neurons. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0145-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Ho
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansanshi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Kim
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansanshi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Sim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Ahn
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansanshi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wongi Seol
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321 Sanbon-ro, Gunposhi, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
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Wallings R, Manzoni C, Bandopadhyay R. Cellular processes associated with LRRK2 function and dysfunction. FEBS J 2015; 282:2806-26. [PMID: 25899482 PMCID: PMC4522467 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-encoding gene are the most common cause of monogenic Parkinson's disease. The identification of LRRK2 polymorphisms associated with increased risk for sporadic Parkinson's disease, as well as the observation that LRRK2-Parkinson's disease has a pathological phenotype that is almost indistinguishable from the sporadic form of disease, suggested LRRK2 as the culprit to provide understanding for both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease cases. LRRK2 is a large protein with both GTPase and kinase functions. Mutations segregating with Parkinson's disease reside within the enzymatic core of LRRK2, suggesting that modification of its activity impacts greatly on disease onset and progression. Although progress has been made since its discovery in 2004, there is still much to be understood regarding LRRK2's physiological and neurotoxic properties. Unsurprisingly, given the presence of multiple enzymatic domains, LRRK2 has been associated with a diverse set of cellular functions and signalling pathways including mitochondrial function, vesicle trafficking together with endocytosis, retromer complex modulation and autophagy. This review discusses the state of current knowledge on the role of LRRK2 in health and disease with discussion of potential substrates of phosphorylation and functional partners with particular emphasis on signalling mechanisms. In addition, the use of immune cells in LRRK2 research and the role of oxidative stress as a regulator of LRRK2 activity and cellular function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wallings
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, UK.,UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Agalliu I, San Luciano M, Mirelman A, Giladi N, Waro B, Aasly J, Inzelberg R, Hassin-Baer S, Friedman E, Ruiz-Martinez J, Marti-Masso JF, Orr-Urtreger A, Bressman S, Saunders-Pullman R. Higher frequency of certain cancers in LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers with Parkinson disease: a pooled analysis. JAMA Neurol 2015; 72:58-65. [PMID: 25401981 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) who harbor LRRK2 G2019S mutations may have increased risks of nonskin cancers. However, the results have been inconsistent across studies. OBJECTIVES To analyze pooled data from 5 centers to further examine the association between LRRK2 G2019S mutation and cancer among patients with PD and to explore factors that could explain discrepancies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Clinical, demographic, and genotyping data as well as cancer outcomes were pooled from 1549 patients with PD recruited across 5 movement disorders clinics located in Europe, Israel, and the United States. Associations between LRRK2 G2019S mutation and the outcomes were examined using mixed-effects logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Models were adjusted for age and ethnicity (Ashkenazi Jewish vs others) as fixed effects and study center as a random effect. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All cancers combined, nonskin cancers, smoking-related cancers, hormone-related cancers, and other types of cancer. RESULTS The overall prevalence of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was 11.4% among all patients with PD. Mutation carriers were younger at PD diagnosis and more likely to be women (53.1%) and of Ashkenazi Jewish descent (76.8%) in comparison with individuals who were not mutation carriers. The LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers had statistically significant increased risks for nonskin cancers (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.04-2.52), hormone-related cancers (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.07-3.26) and breast cancer (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.05-5.22) in comparison with noncarriers. There were no associations with other cancers. There were no major statistically significant differences in the results when the data were stratified by Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity; however, there was some evidence of heterogeneity across centers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This multinational study from 5 centers demonstrates that LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers have an overall increased risk of cancer, especially for hormone-related cancer and breast cancer in women. Larger prospective cohorts or family-based studies investigating associations between LRRK2 mutations and cancer among patients with PD are warranted to better understand the underlying genetic susceptibility between PD and hormone-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Marta San Luciano
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel4Department of Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bjorg Waro
- Department of Neurology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway6Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway6Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rivka Inzelberg
- Department of Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel7Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel8Department of Human Genetics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel8Department of Human Genetics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- Biodonostia Research Institute, Neurosciences Area, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain10Neurology Department, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain11Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network, San
| | - Jose Felix Marti-Masso
- Biodonostia Research Institute, Neurosciences Area, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain10Neurology Department, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain11Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network, San
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Department of Human Genetics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel12Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Susan Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York14Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York15Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York14Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York15Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Schulten HJ, Al-Mansouri Z, Baghallab I, Bagatian N, Subhi O, Karim S, Al-Aradati H, Al-Mutawa A, Johary A, Meccawy AA, Al-Ghamdi K, Al-Hamour O, Al-Qahtani MH, Al-Maghrabi J. Comparison of microarray expression profiles between follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas and follicular adenomas of the thyroid. BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 1:S7. [PMID: 25923053 PMCID: PMC4315165 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s1-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and follicular adenoma (FA) are histologically closely related tumors and differential diagnosis remains challenging. RNA expression profiling is an established method to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying the histopathology of diseases. Methods BRAF mutational status was established by direct sequencing the hotspot region of exon 15 in six FVPTCs and seven FAs. Whole-transcript arrays were employed to generate expression profiles in six FVPTCs, seven FAs and seven normal thyroid tissue samples. The threshold of significance for differential expression on the gene and exon level was a p-value with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and a fold change cutoff > 2. Two dimensional average linkage hierarchical clustering was generated using differentially expressed genes. Network, pathway, and alternative splicing utilities were employed to interpret significance of expression data on the gene and exon level. Results Expression profiling in FVPTCs and FAs, all of which were negative for a BRAF mutation, revealed 55 transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed, 40 of which were upregulated and 15 downregulated in FVPTCs vs. FAs. Amongst the most significantly upregulated genes in FVPTCs were GABA B receptor, 2 (GABBR2), neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NRCAM), extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 (HS6ST2), and retinoid X receptor, gamma (RXRG). The most significantly downregulated genes in FVPTCs included interaction protein for cytohesin exchange factors 1 (IPCEF1), G protein-coupled receptor 155 (GPR155), Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4), chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (CSGALNACT1), and glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1). Alternative splicing analysis detected 87 genes, 52 of which were also included in the list of 55 differentially expressed genes. Network analysis demonstrated multiple interactions for a number of differentially expressed molecules including vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor (VDR), SMAD family member 9 (SMAD9), v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT), and RXRG. Conclusions This is one of the first studies using whole-transcript expression arrays to compare expression profiles between FVPTCs and FAs. A set of differentially expressed genes has been identified that contains valuable candidate genes to differentiate both histopathologically related tumor types on the molecular level.
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