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Mamar H, Fajka-Boja R, Mórocz M, Jurado EP, Zentout S, Mihuţ A, Kopasz AG, Mérey M, Smith R, Sharma AB, Lakin ND, Bowman AJ, Haracska L, Huet S, Timinszky G. The loss of DNA polymerase epsilon accessory subunits POLE3-POLE4 leads to BRCA1-independent PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae439. [PMID: 38828775 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of PARP1/2 inhibitors (PARPi) prompts the expansion of their applicability beyond homologous recombination deficiency. Here, we demonstrate that the loss of the accessory subunits of DNA polymerase epsilon, POLE3 and POLE4, sensitizes cells to PARPi. We show that the sensitivity of POLE4 knockouts is not due to compromised response to DNA damage or homologous recombination deficiency. Instead, POLE4 loss affects replication speed leading to the accumulation of single-stranded DNA gaps behind replication forks upon PARPi treatment, due to impaired post-replicative repair. POLE4 knockouts elicit elevated replication stress signaling involving ATR and DNA-PK. We find POLE4 to act parallel to BRCA1 in inducing sensitivity to PARPi and counteracts acquired resistance associated with restoration of homologous recombination. Altogether, our findings establish POLE4 as a promising target to improve PARPi driven therapies and hamper acquired PARPi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mamar
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roberta Fajka-Boja
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Mórocz
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Pinto Jurado
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSITUMS 3480 Rennes, France
| | - Siham Zentout
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSITUMS 3480 Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Mihuţ
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Georgina Kopasz
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Mérey
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSITUMS 3480 Rennes, France
| | | | - Nicholas D Lakin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew James Bowman
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Lajos Haracska
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sébastien Huet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSITUMS 3480 Rennes, France
| | - Gyula Timinszky
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
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2
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Nunes M, Bartosch C, Abreu MH, Richardson A, Almeida R, Ricardo S. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms behind Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer to Unlock Efficient Treatment Options. Cells 2024; 13:786. [PMID: 38727322 PMCID: PMC11083313 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal form of gynecological cancer. This disease often goes undetected until advanced stages, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, many patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease due to the emergence of drug resistance that significantly limits the effectiveness of currently available oncological treatments. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to carboplatin, paclitaxel, polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, and bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. We present a detailed analysis of the most extensively investigated resistance mechanisms, including drug inactivation, drug target alterations, enhanced drug efflux pumps, increased DNA damage repair capacity, and reduced drug absorption/accumulation. The in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with drug resistance is crucial to unveil new biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring the kinetics during disease progression and discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPO-Porto), Health Research Network (RISE@CI-IPO-Porto), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Richardson
- The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, Staffordshire, UK;
| | - Raquel Almeida
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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3
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Wu S, Yao X, Sun W, Jiang K, Hao J. Exploration of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance in the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutated cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23243. [PMID: 38747337 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility 1/2 (BRCA1/2) genes play a crucial role in DNA damage repair, yet mutations in these genes increase the susceptibility to tumorigenesis. Exploiting the synthetic lethality mechanism between BRCA1/2 mutations and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition has led to the development and clinical approval of PARP inhibitor (PARPi), representing a milestone in targeted therapy for BRCA1/2 mutant tumors. This approach has paved the way for leveraging synthetic lethality in tumor treatment strategies. Despite the initial success of PARPis, resistance to these agents diminishes their efficacy in BRCA1/2-mutant tumors. Investigations into PARPi resistance have identified replication fork stability and homologous recombination repair as key factors sensitive to PARPis. Additionally, studies suggest that replication gaps may also confer sensitivity to PARPis. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates a correlation between PARPi resistance and cisplatin resistance, suggesting a potential overlap in the mechanisms underlying resistance to both agents. Given these findings, it is imperative to explore the interplay between replication gaps and PARPi resistance, particularly in the context of platinum resistance. Understanding the impact of replication gaps on PARPi resistance may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance mechanisms and enhance the efficacy of targeted therapies in BRCA1/2-mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Xuanjie Yao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Kaitao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Jie Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
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Kim DY, Yun H, You JE, Lee JU, Kang DH, Ryu YS, Koh DI, Jin DH. Inactivation of VRK1 sensitizes ovarian cancer to PARP inhibition through regulating DNA-PK stability. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114036. [PMID: 38614421 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death. Among the most innovative anti-cancer approaches, the genetic concept of synthetic lethality is that mutations in multiple genes work synergistically to effect cell death. Previous studies found that although vaccinia-related kinase-1 (VRK1) associates with DNA damage repair proteins, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found high VRK1 expression in ovarian tumors, and that VRK1 depletion can significantly promote apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The effect of VRK1 knockdown on apoptosis was manifested by increased DNA damage, genomic instability, and apoptosis, and also blocked non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by destabilizing DNA-PK. Further, we verified that VRK1 depletion enhanced sensitivity to a PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, promoting apoptosis through DNA damage, especially in ovarian cancer cell lines with high VRK1 expression. Proteins implicated in DNA damage responses are suitable targets for the development of new anti-cancer therapeutic strategies, and their combination could represent an alternative form of synthetic lethality. Therefore, normal protective DNA damage responses are impaired by combining olaparib with elimination of VRK1 and could be used to reduce drug dose and its associated toxicity. In summary, VRK1 represents both a potential biomarker for PARPi sensitivity, and a new DDR-associated therapeutic target, in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yun
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun You
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-U Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Zhang Y, Zheng J, Chen M, Zhao S, Ma R, Chen W, Liu J. Modulating DNA damage response in uveal melanoma through embryonic stem cell microenvironment. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:519. [PMID: 38654216 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, with a median survival of 4-5 months following metastasis. DNA damage response (DDR) upregulation in UVM, which could be linked to its frequent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, contributes to its treatment resistance. We have reported that embryonic stem cell microenvironments (ESCMe) can revert cancer cells to less aggressive states through downregulation of the PI3K signaling, showing promise in modulating the DDR of UVM. METHODS Since nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is the main DNA repair mechanism in UVM, this study utilized gene expression analysis and survival prognosis analysis to investigate the role of NHEJ-related genes in UVM based on public databases. Xenograft mouse models were established to assess the therapeutic potential of ESC transplantation and exposure to ESC-conditioned medium (ESC-CM) on key DNA repair pathways in UVM. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze NHEJ pathway-related gene expression in UVM and surrounding normal tissues. Apoptosis in UVM tissues was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. RESULTS PRKDC, KU70, XRCC5, LIG4 and PARP1 showed significant correlations with UM progression. High expression of PRKDC and XRCC5 predicted poorer overall survival, while low PARP1 and XRCC6 expression predicted better disease-free survival in UVM patients. ESCMe treatment significantly inhibited the NHEJ pathway transcriptionally and translationally and promoted apoptosis in tumor tissues in mice bearing UVM. Furthermore, ESC transplantation enhanced DDR activities in surrounding normal cells, potentially mitigating the side effects of cancer therapy. Notably, direct cell-to-cell contact with ESCs was more effective than their secreted factors in regulating the NHEJ pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NHEJ-related genes might serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in UVM. These findings support the therapeutic potential of ESC-based therapy in enhancing UVM sensitivity to radiochemotherapy and improving treatment outcomes while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Jinbiao Zheng
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Minyu Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Shulun Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Ruiqian Ma
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Wenwei Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Dongguan, 523000, China.
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Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A review of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) role and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116045. [PMID: 38336156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. The hallmarks of cancer evidence the acquired cells characteristics that promote the growth of malignant tumours, including genomic instability and mutations, the ability to evade cellular death and the capacity of sustaining proliferative signalization. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a protein that plays key roles in cellular regulation, namely in DNA damage repair and cell survival. The inhibition of PARP1 promotes cellular death in cells with homologous recombination deficiency, and therefore, the interest in PARP protein has been rising as a target for anticancer therapies. There are already some PARP1 inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Olaparib and Niraparib. The last compound presents in its structure an indazole core. In fact, pyrazoles and indazoles have been raising interest due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as inhibitors of PARP1 and presented promising results. Therefore, this review aims to address the importance of PARP1 in cell regulation and its role in cancer. Moreover, it intends to report a comprehensive literature review of PARP1 inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Tao L, Xia X, Kong S, Wang T, Fan F, Wang W. Natural pentacyclic triterpenoid from Pristimerin sensitizes p53-deficient tumor to PARP inhibitor by ubiquitination of Chk1. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107091. [PMID: 38316371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) has shown to overcome resistance to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and expand the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors in a broad range of human cancers. Pristimerin, a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been the focus of intensive studies for its anticancer potential. However, it is not yet known whether low dose of pristimerin can be combined with PARP inhibitors by targeting Chk1 signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the efficacy, safety and molecular mechanisms of the synergistic effect produced by the combination olaparib and pristimerin in TP53-deficient and BRCA-proficient cell models. As a result, an increased expression of Chk1 was correlated with TP53 mutation, and pristimerin preferentially sensitized p53-defective cells to olaparib. The combination of olaparib and pristimerin resulted in a more pronounced abrogation of DNA synthesis and induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Moreover, pristimerin disrupted the constitutional levels of Chk1 and DSB repair activities. Mechanistically, pristimerin promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Chk1 while not affecting its kinase domain and activity. Importantly, combinatorial therapy led to a higher rate of tumor growth inhibition without apparent hematological toxicities. In addition, pristimerin suppressed olaparib-induced upregulation of Chk1 and enhanced olaparib-induced DSB marker γΗ2ΑΧ in vivo. Taken together, inhibition of Chk1 by pristimerin has been observed to induce DNA repair deficiency, which may expand the application of olaparib in BRCA-proficient cancers harboring TP53 mutations. Thus, pristimerin can be combined for PARP inhibitor-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xiangyu Xia
- The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shujing Kong
- The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Tingye Wang
- The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Fangtian Fan
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233003, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China.
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Simpson JT. Detecting Somatic Mutations Without Matched Normal Samples Using Long Reads. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582089. [PMID: 38464143 PMCID: PMC10925087 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
DNA sequencing of tumours to identify somatic mutations has become a critical tool to guide the type of treatment given to cancer patients. The gold standard for mutation calling is comparing sequencing data from the tumour to a matched normal sample to avoid mis-classifying inherited SNPs as mutations. This procedure works extremely well, but in certain situations only a tumour sample is available. While approaches have been developed to find mutations without a matched normal, they have limited accuracy or require specific types of input data (e.g. ultra-deep sequencing). Here we explore the application of single molecule long read sequencing to calling somatic mutations without matched normal samples. We develop a simple theoretical framework to show how haplotype phasing is an important source of information for determining whether a variant is a somatic mutation. We then use simulations to assess the range of experimental parameters (tumour purity, sequencing depth) where this approach is effective. These ideas are developed into a prototype somatic mutation caller, smrest, and its use is demonstrated on two highly mutated cancer cell lines. Finally, we argue that this approach has potential to measure clinically important biomarkers that are based on the genome-wide distribution of mutations: tumour mutation burden and mutation signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T. Simpson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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He S, Wang A, Wang J, Tang Z, Wang X, Wang D, Chen J, Liu C, Zhao M, Chen H, Song L. Human papillomavirus E7 protein induces homologous recombination defects and PARPi sensitivity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:27. [PMID: 38263342 PMCID: PMC10805821 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, pathologically associated with persistent infection of high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Previous studies revealed that HPV-positive cervical cancer displays genomic instability; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. METHODS To investigate if DNA damage responses are aggravated in precancerous lesions of HPV-positive cervical epithelium, cervical tissues were biopsied and cryosectioned, and subjected to immunofluorescent staining. Cloned HA-tagged E6 and E7 genes of HPV16 subtype were transfected into HEK293T or C33A cells, and indirect immunofluorescent staining was applied to reveal the competency of double strand break (DSB) repair. To test the synthetic lethality of E7-indued HRD and PARP inhibitor (PARPi), we expressed E7 in C33A cells in the presence or absence of olaparib, and evaluated cell viability by colony formation. RESULTS In precancerous lesions, endogenous DNA lesions were elevated along with the severity of CIN grade. Expressing high-risk viral factor (E7) in HPV-negative cervical cells did not impair checkpoint activation upon genotoxic insults, but affected the potential of DSB repair, leading to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Based on this HPV-induced genomic instability, the viability of E7-expressing cells was reduced upon exposure to PARPi in comparison with control cells. CONCLUSION In aggregate, our findings demonstrate that HPV-E7 is a potential driver for genome instability and provides a new angle to understand its role in cancer development. The viral HRD could be employed to target HPV-positive cervical cancer via synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi He
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zizhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Song
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meishan Women and Children's Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Mustafa MT, Abushanab AK, Mousa MT, Qawaqzeh RA, Alakhras HM, Othman AS, Sa'ed A. Safety and efficacy of Rucaparib in the treatment of ovarian cancer and patients with BRCA mutation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase III randomized clinical trials. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:71-79. [PMID: 38252024 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2309177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor (PARPi), in patients with ovarian cancer and BRCA mutation. METHODS Online databases were comprehensively searched for all phase III Randomized trials that used Rucaparib therapy for ovarian cancer patients and patients having BRCA mutation. Efficacy results are progression-free survival and overall response rate in addition to addressing its safety concerns. RESULTS After pooling data from 4 clinical trials, the analysis showed a significant improvement in PFS among ovarian cancer patients and for the maintenance therapy with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.49 (95% CI 0.34-0.73, p = 0.0003) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.29-0.62, p < 0.0001), respectively. For patients with BRCA mutations, the PFS showed significant improvement with a (HR) of 0.42 (95% CI 0.25-0.71, p < 0.001). A difference was observed in the risk of grade ≥ 3 TEAEs between the two groups (RR = 2.48; 95% CI 1.40-4.37). CONCLUSION Rucaparib demonstrated significant efficacy in improving PFS and ORR in ovarian cancer patients, particularly those having BRCA mutations. However, they should be closely monitored due to the greater risk of various adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmad Sa'ed
- Faculty of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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11
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Buckley CW, O’Reilly EM. Next-generation therapies for pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:55-72. [PMID: 38415709 PMCID: PMC10960610 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2322648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a frequently lethal malignancy that poses unique therapeutic challenges. The current mainstay of therapy for metastatic PDAC (mPDAC) is cytotoxic chemotherapy. NALIRIFOX (liposomal irinotecan, fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) is an emerging standard of care in the metastatic setting. An evolving understanding of PDAC pathogenesis is driving a shift toward targeted therapy. Olaparib, a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, has regulatory approval for maintenance therapy in BRCA-mutated mPDAC along with other targeted agents receiving disease-agnostic approvals including for PDAC with rare fusions and mismatch repair deficiency. Ongoing research continues to identify and evaluate an expanding array of targeted therapies for PDAC. AREAS COVERED This review provides a brief overview of standard therapies for PDAC and an emphasis on current and emerging targeted therapies. EXPERT OPINION There is notable potential for targeted therapies for KRAS-mutated PDAC with opportunity for meaningful benefit for a sizable portion of patients with this disease. Further, emerging approaches are focused on novel immune, tumor microenvironment, and synthetic lethality strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor W. Buckley
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Eileen M. O’Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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12
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Akbıyık I, Ürün Y. Determining magnitude of benefit from poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2585-2591. [PMID: 38073492 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape for castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is undergoing significant advancements, particularly with the emergence of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and their recent US FDA authorizations. The combination of olaparib with abiraterone and prednisone/prednisolone has gained approval for mCRPC patients harboring confirmed BRCA mutations. Subsequently, talazoparib in combination with enzalutamide was approved for patients with mutations in homologous recombination repair genes. Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that these treatments may confer benefits irrespective of specific biomarkers. While the understanding of biomarkers in therapy selection for mCRPC is expanding, further data are warranted to provide comprehensive elucidation for guiding clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgın Akbıyık
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Ürün
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Yang Y, Yang X, Li H, Tong X, Zhu X. Efficacy and safety of olaparib in advanced ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2151883. [PMID: 36484513 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2151883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olaparib for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. All studies that assessed the efficacy and safety of olaparib in advanced ovarian cancer were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception to 20 September 2022. The analysis included six studies and 2016 patients. Olaparib could significantly prolong the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients compared to that of the control group (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.36 - 0.68). However, no statistically significant differences were detected in overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) between the olaparib and control groups. Olaparib treatment increased the number of grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer compared with that in the control group. Olaparib significantly prolonged PFS in patients with advanced ovarian cancer; however, no statistically significant differences were detected in OS and ORR. In terms of safety, olaparib has manageable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaifang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxian Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Lavi ES, Lin ZP, Ratner ES. Gene expression of non-homologous end-joining pathways in the prognosis of ovarian cancer. iScience 2023; 26:107934. [PMID: 37810216 PMCID: PMC10558711 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy in women, with a 46% five-year overall survival rate. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) genes on clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. To determine if these genes act as prognostic biomarkers of mortality and disease progression, the expression profiles of 48 NHEJ-associated genes were analyzed using an array of statistical and machine learning techniques: logistic regression models, decision trees, naive-Bayes, two sample t-tests, support vector machines, hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, and neural networks. In this process, the correlation of genes with patient survival and disease progression and recurrence was noted. Also, multiple features from the gene set were found to have significant predictive capabilities. APTX, BRCA1, PAXX, LIG1, and TP53 were identified as most important out of all the candidate genes for predicting clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S. Lavi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Z. Ping Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elena S. Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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15
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Giesen A, Baekelandt L, Devlies W, Devos G, Dumez H, Everaerts W, Claessens F, Joniau S. Double trouble for prostate cancer: synergistic action of AR blockade and PARPi in non-HRR mutated patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1265812. [PMID: 37810962 PMCID: PMC10551452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1265812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite better and more intensive treatment options in earlier disease stages, a large subset of patients still progress to metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Recently, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP)-inhibitors have been introduced in this setting. The TALAPRO-2 and PROpel trials both showed a marked benefit of PARPi in combination with an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), compared with an ARSI alone in both the homologous recombination repair (HRR)-mutated, as well as in the HRR-non-mutated subgroup. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of how maximal AR-blockade via an ARSI in combination with a PARPi has a synergistic effect at the molecular level, leading to synthetic lethality in both HRR-mutated and HRR-non-mutated PCa patients. PARP2 is known to be a cofactor of the AR complex, needed for decompacting the chromatin and start of transcription of AR target genes (including HRR genes). The inhibition of PARP thus reinforces the effect of an ARSI. The deep androgen deprivation caused by combining androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with an ARSI, induces an HRR-like deficient state, often referred to as "BRCA-ness". Further, PARPi will prevent the repair of single-strand DNA breaks, leading to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Due to the induced HRR-deficient state, DSBs cannot be repaired, leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Giesen
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loïc Baekelandt
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Devlies
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herlinde Dumez
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Everaerts
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Serrano‐Benitez A, Wells SE, Drummond‐Clarke L, Russo LC, Thomas JC, Leal GA, Farrow M, Edgerton JM, Balasubramanian S, Yang M, Frezza C, Gautam A, Brazina J, Burdova K, Hoch NC, Jackson SP, Caldecott KW. Unrepaired base excision repair intermediates in template DNA strands trigger replication fork collapse and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113190. [PMID: 37492888 PMCID: PMC10505916 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) disrupt DNA replication and induce chromosome breakage. However, whether SSBs induce chromosome breakage when present behind replication forks or ahead of replication forks is unclear. To address this question, we exploited an exquisite sensitivity of SSB repair-defective human cells lacking PARP activity or XRCC1 to the thymidine analogue 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine (CldU). We show that incubation with CldU in these cells results in chromosome breakage, sister chromatid exchange, and cytotoxicity by a mechanism that depends on the S phase activity of uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG). Importantly, we show that CldU incorporation in one cell cycle is cytotoxic only during the following cell cycle, when it is present in template DNA. In agreement with this, while UNG induces SSBs both in nascent strands behind replication forks and in template strands ahead of replication forks, only the latter trigger fork collapse and chromosome breakage. Finally, we show that BRCA-defective cells are hypersensitive to CldU, either alone and/or in combination with PARP inhibitor, suggesting that CldU may have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Serrano‐Benitez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- The Wellcome and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sophie E Wells
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
| | - Lylah Drummond‐Clarke
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
| | - Lilian C Russo
- Departament of Biochemistry, Chemistry InstituteUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - John Christopher Thomas
- The Wellcome and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Giovanna A Leal
- Departament of Biochemistry, Chemistry InstituteUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Mark Farrow
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ming Yang
- CECAD Research Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital CologneCologneGermany
| | - Christian Frezza
- CECAD Research Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital CologneCologneGermany
| | - Amit Gautam
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
| | - Jan Brazina
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
| | - Kamila Burdova
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
| | - Nicolas C Hoch
- Departament of Biochemistry, Chemistry InstituteUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- The Wellcome and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Keith W Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
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17
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Jain A, Casanova D, Padilla AV, Paniagua Bojorges A, Kotla S, Ko KA, Samanthapudi VSK, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Wen J, Hernandez Gonzalez SL, Rodgers SP, Olmsted-Davis EA, Hamilton DJ, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Cooke JP, Herrmann J, Chini EN, Xu X, Yusuf SW, Yoshimoto M, Lorenzi PL, Hobbs B, Krishnan S, Koutroumpakis E, Palaskas NL, Wang G, Deswal A, Lin SH, Abe JI, Le NT. Premature senescence and cardiovascular disease following cancer treatments: mechanistic insights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1212174. [PMID: 37781317 PMCID: PMC10540075 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among the aging population. The "response-to-injury" model proposed by Dr. Russell Ross in 1999 emphasizes inflammation as a critical factor in atherosclerosis development, with atherosclerotic plaques forming due to endothelial cell (EC) injury, followed by myeloid cell adhesion and invasion into the blood vessel walls. Recent evidence indicates that cancer and its treatments can lead to long-term complications, including CVD. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is implicated in CVD pathogenesis, particularly in cancer survivors. However, the precise mechanisms linking premature senescence to CVD in cancer survivors remain poorly understood. This article aims to provide mechanistic insights into this association and propose future directions to better comprehend this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Jain
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diego Casanova
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Khanh Chau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jake Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Shaefali P. Rodgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of VP Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brain Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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18
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Chang HR. RNF126, 168 and CUL1: The Potential Utilization of Multi-Functional E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Genome Maintenance for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2527. [PMID: 37760968 PMCID: PMC10526535 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is involved in proteolysis, protein-protein interaction, and signal transduction. Accumulation of mutations and genomic instability are characteristic of cancer cells, and dysfunction of the ubiquitin pathway can contribute to abnormal cell physiology. Because mutations can be critical for cells, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis are pathways that are in close communication to maintain genomic integrity. Uncontrolled cell proliferation due to abnormal processes is a hallmark of cancer, and mutations, changes in expression levels, and other alterations of ubiquitination factors are often involved. Here, three E3 ubiquitin ligases will be reviewed in detail. RNF126, RNF168 and CUL1 are involved in DNA damage response (DDR), DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, cell cycle regulation, and ultimately, cancer cell proliferation control. Their involvement in multiple cellular pathways makes them an attractive candidate for cancer-targeting therapy. Functional studies of these E3 ligases have increased over the years, and their significance in cancer is well reported. There are continuous efforts to develop drugs targeting the ubiquitin pathway for anticancer therapy, which opens up the possibility for these E3 ligases to be evaluated for their potential as a target protein for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ryung Chang
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
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19
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Rivero Belenchón I, Congregado Ruiz CB, Saez C, Osman García I, Medina López RA. Parp Inhibitors and Radiotherapy: A New Combination for Prostate Cancer (Systematic Review). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12978. [PMID: 37629155 PMCID: PMC10455664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PARPi, in combination with ionizing radiation, has demonstrated the ability to enhance cellular radiosensitivity in different tumors. The rationale is that the exposure to radiation leads to both physical and biochemical damage to DNA, prompting cells to initiate three primary mechanisms for DNA repair. Two double-stranded DNA breaks (DSB) repair pathways: (1) non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and (2) homologous recombination (HR); and (3) a single-stranded DNA break (SSB) repair pathway (base excision repair, BER). In this scenario, PARPi can serve as radiosensitizers by leveraging the BER pathway. This mechanism heightens the likelihood of replication forks collapsing, consequently leading to the formation of persistent DSBs. Together, the combination of PARPi and radiotherapy is a potent oncological strategy. This combination has proven its efficacy in different tumors. However, in prostate cancer, there are only preclinical studies to support it and, recently, an ongoing clinical trial. The objective of this paper is to perform a review of the current evidence regarding the use of PARPi and radiotherapy (RT) in PCa and to give future insight on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Rivero Belenchón
- Urology and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.O.G.); (R.A.M.L.)
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Carmen Belen Congregado Ruiz
- Urology and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.O.G.); (R.A.M.L.)
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Carmen Saez
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Osman García
- Urology and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.O.G.); (R.A.M.L.)
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Rafael Antonio Medina López
- Urology and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.O.G.); (R.A.M.L.)
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain;
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20
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Philip KT, Dutta K, Chakraborty S, Patro BS. Functional inhibition of RECQL5 helicase elicits non-homologous end joining response and sensitivity of breast cancers to PARP inhibitor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 161:106443. [PMID: 37392863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADPRibose) Polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) are clinically approved for the treatment of BRCA-mutated hereditary breast and ovarian cancers with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, based on synthetic lethality concept. However, ∼90% of breast cancers are BRCA-wild type; they repair PARPi mediated damage through HR, leading to intrinsic de novo resistance. Hence, there is an unmet need of exploring novel targets in HR-proficient aggressive breast cancers for PARPi treatment. RECQL5 physically interacts and disrupts RAD51 from pre-synaptic filaments, aiding HR resolution, replication fork protection and preventing illegitimate recombination. In the current investigation, we show that targeted inhibition of HR by stabilization of RAD51-RECQL5 complex by a pharmacological inhibitor of RECQL5 (4a; 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative) in the presence of PARPi [talazoparib (BMN673)] leads to abolition of functional HR with uncontrolled activation of NHEJ repair. This was assessed by GFP based NHEJ reporter assay, KU80 recruitment and in vitro NHEJ based plasmid ligation assay. Concomitant treatment with talazoparib and 4a generates copious amounts of replication stress, prolonged cell cycle arrest, extensive double strand breaks (DSBs) and mitotic catastrophe, leading to sensitization of HR-proficient breast cancers. Suppression of NHEJ activity abolishes 4a-mediated sensitization of breast cancers to PARPi treatment. Imperatively, 4a was ineffective against normal mammary epithelial cells, which expresses low RECQL5 vis-à-vis breast cancer cells. Moreover, functional inhibition of RECQL5 suppresses metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in response to PARPi. Together, we identified RECQL5 as a novel pharmacological target for expanding PARPi based treatment horizon for HR-proficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Thankam Philip
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Kartik Dutta
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Dilmac S, Ozpolat B. Mechanisms of PARP-Inhibitor-Resistance in BRCA-Mutated Breast Cancer and New Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3642. [PMID: 37509303 PMCID: PMC10378018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent success of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors has led to the approval of four different PARP inhibitors for the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutant breast and ovarian cancers. About 40-50% of BRCA1/2-mutated patients do not respond to PARP inhibitors due to a preexisting innate or intrinsic resistance; the majority of patients who initially respond to the therapy inevitably develop acquired resistance. However, subsets of patients experience a long-term response (>2 years) to treatment with PARP inhibitors. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an enzyme that plays an important role in the recognition and repair of DNA damage. PARP inhibitors induce "synthetic lethality" in patients with tumors with a homologous-recombination-deficiency (HRD). Several molecular mechanisms have been identified as causing PARP-inhibitor-resistance. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the PARP-inhibitor-resistance in BRCA-mutated breast cancer and summarize potential therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayra Dilmac
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Lavudi K, Banerjee A, Li N, Yang Y, Cai S, Bai X, Zhang X, Li A, Wani E, Yang SM, Zhang J, Rai G, Backes F, Patnaik S, Guo P, Wang QE. ALDH1A1 promotes PARP inhibitor resistance by enhancing retinoic acid receptor-mediated DNA polymerase θ expression. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:66. [PMID: 37429899 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for both frontline and recurrent setting in ovarian cancer with homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency. However, more than 40% of BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian cancer lack the initial response to PARPi treatment, and the majority of those that initially respond eventually develop resistance. Our previous study has demonstrated that increased expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) contributes to PARPi resistance in BRCA2-mutated ovarian cancer cells by enhancing microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we find that ALDH1A1 enhances the expression of DNA polymerase θ (Polθ, encoded by the POLQ gene) in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the retinoic acid (RA) pathway is involved in the transcription activation of the POLQ gene. The RA receptor (RAR) can bind to the retinoic acid response element (RARE) located in the promoter of the POLQ gene, promoting transcription activation-related histone modification in the presence of RA. Given that ALDH1A1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of RA, we conclude that ALDH1A1 promotes POLQ expression via the activation of the RA signaling pathway. Finally, using a clinically-relevant patient-derived organoid (PDO) model, we find that ALDH1A1 inhibition by the pharmacological inhibitor NCT-505 in combination with the PARP inhibitor olaparib synergistically reduce the cell viability of PDOs carrying BRCA1/2 mutation and positive ALDH1A1 expression. In summary, our study elucidates a new mechanism contributing to PARPi resistance in HR-deficient ovarian cancer and shows the therapeutic potential of combining PARPi and ALDH1A1 inhibition in treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Lavudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ananya Banerjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yajing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shurui Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xuetao Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aidan Li
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Elsa Wani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shyh-Ming Yang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Floor Backes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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23
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Li WH, Wang F, Song GY, Yu QH, Du RP, Xu P. PARP-1: a critical regulator in radioprotection and radiotherapy-mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1198948. [PMID: 37351512 PMCID: PMC10283042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1198948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since its discovery, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has been extensively studied due to its regulatory role in numerous biologically crucial pathways. PARP inhibitors have opened new therapeutic avenues for cancer patients and have gained approval as standalone treatments for certain types of cancer. With continued advancements in the research of PARP inhibitors, we can fully realize their potential as therapeutic targets for various diseases. Purpose: To assess the current understanding of PARP-1 mechanisms in radioprotection and radiotherapy based on the literature. Methods: We searched the PubMed database and summarized information on PARP inhibitors, the interaction of PARP-1 with DNA, and the relationships between PARP-1 and p53/ROS, NF-κB/DNA-PK, and caspase3/AIF, respectively. Results: The enzyme PARP-1 plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage and modifying proteins. Cells exposed to radiation can experience DNA damage, such as single-, intra-, or inter-strand damage. This damage, associated with replication fork stagnation, triggers DNA repair mechanisms, including those involving PARP-1. The activity of PARP-1 increases 500-fold on DNA binding. Studies on PARP-1-knockdown mice have shown that the protein regulates the response to radiation. A lack of PARP-1 also increases the organism's sensitivity to radiation injury. PARP-1 has been found positively or negatively regulate the expression of specific genes through its modulation of key transcription factors and other molecules, including NF-κB, p53, Caspase 3, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Conclusion: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and pathological roles of PARP-1 and examines the impact of PARP-1 inhibitors under conditions of ionizing radiation exposure. The review also emphasizes the challenges and opportunities for developing PARP-1 inhibitors to improve the clinical outcomes of ionizing radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Song
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Peng Du
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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24
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Dall G, Vandenberg CJ, Nesic K, Ratnayake G, Zhu W, Vissers JHA, Bedő J, Penington J, Wakefield MJ, Kee D, Carmagnac A, Lim R, Shield-Artin K, Milesi B, Lobley A, Kyran EL, O'Grady E, Tram J, Zhou W, Nugawela D, Stewart KP, Caldwell R, Papadopoulos L, Ng AP, Dobrovic A, Fox SB, McNally O, Power JD, Meniawy T, Tan TH, Collins IM, Klein O, Barnett S, Olesen I, Hamilton A, Hofmann O, Grimmond S, Papenfuss AT, Scott CL, Barker HE. Targeting homologous recombination deficiency in uterine leiomyosarcoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:112. [PMID: 37143137 PMCID: PMC10157936 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare and aggressive gynaecological malignancy, with individuals with advanced uLMS having a five-year survival of < 10%. Mutations in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway have been observed in ~ 10% of uLMS cases, with reports of some individuals benefiting from poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) therapy, which targets this DNA repair defect. In this report, we screened individuals with uLMS, accrued nationally, for mutations in the HR repair pathway and explored new approaches to therapeutic targeting. METHODS A cohort of 58 individuals with uLMS were screened for HR Deficiency (HRD) using whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) or NGS panel testing. Individuals identified to have HRD uLMS were offered PARPi therapy and clinical outcome details collected. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were generated for therapeutic targeting. RESULTS All 13 uLMS samples analysed by WGS had a dominant COSMIC mutational signature 3; 11 of these had high genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (> 0.2) but only two samples had a CHORD score > 50%, one of which had a homozygous pathogenic alteration in an HR gene (deletion in BRCA2). A further three samples harboured homozygous HRD alterations (all deletions in BRCA2), detected by WES or panel sequencing, with 5/58 (9%) individuals having HRD uLMS. All five individuals gained access to PARPi therapy. Two of three individuals with mature clinical follow up achieved a complete response or durable partial response (PR) with the subsequent addition of platinum to PARPi upon minor progression during initial PR on PARPi. Corresponding PDX responses were most rapid, complete and sustained with the PARP1-specific PARPi, AZD5305, compared with either olaparib alone or olaparib plus cisplatin, even in a paired sample of a BRCA2-deleted PDX, derived following PARPi therapy in the patient, which had developed PARPi-resistance mutations in PRKDC, encoding DNA-PKcs. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates the value of identifying HRD for therapeutic targeting by PARPi and platinum in individuals with the aggressive rare malignancy, uLMS and suggests that individuals with HRD uLMS should be included in trials of PARP1-specific PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Dall
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cassandra J Vandenberg
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Ksenija Nesic
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Wenying Zhu
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph H A Vissers
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Justin Bedő
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Penington
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Damien Kee
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid Australia, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Amandine Carmagnac
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kristy Shield-Artin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Briony Milesi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Amanda Lobley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Kyran
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Emily O'Grady
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joshua Tram
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Warren Zhou
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Devindee Nugawela
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kym Pham Stewart
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Reece Caldwell
- Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid Australia, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lia Papadopoulos
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid Australia, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley P Ng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeremy D Power
- Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Tarek Meniawy
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Teng Han Tan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ian M Collins
- SouthWest Healthcare, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | - Oliver Klein
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Stephen Barnett
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Western Hospital, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Inger Olesen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Anne Hamilton
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sean Grimmond
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Rare Cancer Portal, BioGrid Australia, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Holly E Barker
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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25
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The DNA damage response in advanced ovarian cancer: functional analysis combined with machine learning identifies signatures that correlate with chemotherapy sensitivity and patient outcome. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1765-1776. [PMID: 36810910 PMCID: PMC10133248 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancers are hallmarked by chromosomal instability. New therapies deliver improved patient outcomes in relevant phenotypes, however therapy resistance and poor long-term survival signal requirements for better patient preselection. An impaired DNA damage response (DDR) is a major chemosensitivity determinant. Comprising five pathways, DDR redundancy is complex and rarely studied alongside chemoresistance influence from mitochondrial dysfunction. We developed functional assays to monitor DDR and mitochondrial states and trialled this suite on patient explants. METHODS We profiled DDR and mitochondrial signatures in cultures from 16 primary-setting ovarian cancer patients receiving platinum chemotherapy. Explant signature relationships to patient progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by multiple statistical and machine-learning methods. RESULTS DR dysregulation was wide-ranging. Defective HR (HRD) and NHEJ were near-mutually exclusive. HRD patients (44%) had increased SSB abrogation. HR competence was associated with perturbed mitochondria (78% vs 57% HRD) while every relapse patient harboured dysfunctional mitochondria. DDR signatures classified explant platinum cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysregulation. Importantly, explant signatures classified patient PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Whilst individual pathway scores are mechanistically insufficient to describe resistance, holistic DDR and mitochondrial states accurately predict patient survival. Our assay suite demonstrates promise for translational chemosensitivity prediction.
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DNA Damage Response Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer: Significant Implications for Therapy and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032760. [PMID: 36769087 PMCID: PMC9917521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term collectively used to describe a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and represents the sixth most common type of malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatment, the disease has a recurrence rate of around 50%, and the prognosis of metastatic patients remains poor. HNCs are characterized by a high degree of genomic instability, which involves a vicious circle of accumulating DNA damage, defective DNA damage repair (DDR), and replication stress. Nonetheless, the damage that is induced on tumor cells by chemo and radiotherapy relies on defective DDR processes for a successful response to treatment, and may play an important role in the development of novel and more effective therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genes and proteins that appear to be deregulated in DDR pathways, their implication in HNC pathogenesis, and the rationale behind targeting these genes and pathways for the development of new therapies. We give particular emphasis on the therapeutic targets that have shown promising results at the pre-clinical stage and on those that have so far been associated with a therapeutic advantage in the clinical setting.
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27
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Genome-wide siRNA screens identify RBBP9 function as a potential target in Fanconi anaemia-deficient head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:37. [PMID: 36639418 PMCID: PMC9839743 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare chromosomal-instability syndrome caused by mutations of any of the 22 known FA DNA-repair genes. FA individuals have an increased risk of head-and-neck squamous-cell-carcinomas (HNSCC), often fatal. Systemic intolerance to standard cisplatin-based protocols due to somatic-cell hypersensitivity underscores the urgent need to develop novel therapies. Here, we performed unbiased siRNA screens to unveil genetic interactions synthetic-lethal with FA-pathway deficiency in FA-patient HNSCC cell lines. We identified based on differential-lethality scores between FA-deficient and FA-proficient cells, next to common-essential genes such as PSMC1, PSMB2, and LAMTOR2, the otherwise non-essential RBBP9 gene. Accordingly, low dose of the FDA-approved RBBP9-targeting drug Emetine kills FA-HNSCC. Importantly both RBBP9-silencing as well as Emetine spared non-tumour FA cells. This study provides a minable genome-wide analyses of vulnerabilities to address treatment challenges in FA-HNSCC. Our investigation divulges a DNA-cross-link-repair independent lead, RBBP9, for targeted treatment of FA-HNSCCs without systemic toxicity.
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28
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Wu Y, Xu S, Cheng S, Yang J, Wang Y. Clinical application of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: from molecular mechanisms to the current status. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:6. [PMID: 36611214 PMCID: PMC9826575 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of gynecological tumor, ovarian cancer is not as common as cervical cancer and breast cancer, but its malignant degree is higher. Despite the increasingly mature treatment of ovarian cancer, the five-year survival rate of patients is still less than 50%. Based on the concept of synthetic lethality, poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors target tumor cells with defects in homologous recombination repair(HRR), the most significant being the target gene Breast cancer susceptibility genes(BRCA). PARP inhibitors capture PARP-1 protein at the site of DNA damage to destroy the original reaction, causing the accumulation of PARP-DNA nucleoprotein complexes, resulting in DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs) and cell death. PARP inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer for several years and achieved good results. However, with the widespread use of PARP inhibitors, more and more attention has been paid to drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the mechanism of PARP inhibitors, to be familiar with the adverse reactions of the drug, to explore the markers of its efficacy and prognosis, and to deal with its drug resistance. This review elaborates the use of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yu Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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29
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Jin N, Xia Y, Gao Q. Combined PARP inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors in solid tumor treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:28. [PMID: 36601757 PMCID: PMC9851129 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, targeted therapy has attracted extensive attention. Poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are critical clinical drugs designed to induce cell death and are major antitumor targeted agents. However, preclinical and clinical data have revealed the limitations of PARPi monotherapy. Therefore, their combination with other targeted drugs has become a research hotspot in tumor treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of small molecular inhibitors in multiple haematological cancers and solid tumors via cellular signalling modulation, exhibiting potential as a combined pharmacotherapy. In the present review, studies focused on small molecular inhibitors targeting the homologous recombination pathway were summarized and clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined treatment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Qinglei Gao or Professor Yu Xia, Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Qinglei Gao or Professor Yu Xia, Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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30
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Novotny JP, Mariño-Enríquez A, Fletcher JA. Targeting DNA-PK. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:299-312. [PMID: 37978142 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This chapter explores the multifaceted roles of DNA-PK with particular focus on its functions in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. DNA-PK is the primary orchestrator of NHEJ but also regulates other biologic processes. The growing understanding of varied DNA-PK biologic roles highlights new avenues for cancer treatment. However, these multiple roles also imply challenges, particularly in combination therapies, with perhaps a higher risk of clinical toxicities than was previously envisioned. These considerations underscore the need for compelling and innovative strategies to accomplish effective clinical translation.
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31
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Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer and Associated Gene Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246246. [PMID: 36551731 PMCID: PMC9777152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, over 100,000 women are diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy every year, with ovarian cancer being the most lethal. One of the hallmark characteristics of ovarian cancer is the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. While the exact mechanisms of chemoresistance are poorly understood, it is known that changes at the cellular and molecular level make chemoresistance challenging to treat. Improved therapeutic options are needed to target these changes at the molecular level. Using a precision medicine approach, such as gene therapy, genes can be specifically exploited to resensitize tumors to therapeutics. This review highlights traditional and novel gene targets that can be used to develop new and improved targeted therapies, from drug efflux proteins to ovarian cancer stem cells. The review also addresses the clinical relevance and landscape of the discussed gene targets.
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32
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Urabe F, Yamamoto Y, Kimura T. miRNAs in prostate cancer: Intercellular and extracellular communications. Int J Urol 2022; 29:1429-1438. [PMID: 36122303 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent male cancer in Western Europe and North America. Although new drugs were recently approved, clinical challenges such as accurately predicting and screening drug-resistant prostate cancer remain. microRNAs are short noncoding RNA molecules that participate in gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level by targeting messenger RNAs. There is accumulating evidence that intracellular microRNAs play important roles as promoters or inhibitors of prostate cancer progression. Additionally, recent studies showed that microRNAs are encapsulated in extracellular vesicles and shuttled into the extracellular space. Transfer of extracellular microRNAs contributes to intercellular communication between prostate cancer cells and components of the tumor microenvironment, which can promote prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, due to their encapsulation in extracellular vesicles, extracellular microRNAs can be stably present in body fluids which contain high levels of RNase. Thus, circulating microRNAs have great potential as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Here, we summarize the roles of intracellular and extracellular microRNAs in prostate cancer progression and discuss the potential of microRNA-based therapeutics as a novel treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Hunia J, Gawalski K, Szredzka A, Suskiewicz MJ, Nowis D. The potential of PARP inhibitors in targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1073797. [PMID: 36533080 PMCID: PMC9751342 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1073797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) deficiencies result in genome instability, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes take part in various DDR pathways, determining cell fate in the wake of DNA damage. PARPs are readily druggable and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) against the main DDR-associated PARPs, PARP1 and PARP2, are currently approved for the treatment of a range of tumor types. Inhibition of efficient PARP1/2-dependent DDR is fatal for tumor cells with homologous recombination deficiencies (HRD), especially defects in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein 1 or 2 (BRCA1/2)-dependent pathway, while allowing healthy cells to survive. Moreover, PARPi indirectly influence the tumor microenvironment by increasing genomic instability, immune pathway activation and PD-L1 expression on cancer cells. For this reason, PARPi might enhance sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-(L)1 or anti-CTLA4, providing a rationale for PARPi-ICI combination therapies. In this review, we discuss the complex background of the different roles of PARP1/2 in the cell and summarize the basics of how PARPi work from bench to bedside. Furthermore, we detail the early data of ongoing clinical trials indicating the synergistic effect of PARPi and ICIs. We also introduce the diagnostic tools for therapy development and discuss the future perspectives and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Hunia
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Gawalski
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Role of PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy: Potential Friends to Immune Activating Molecules and Foes to Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225633. [PMID: 36428727 PMCID: PMC9688455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) induce cytotoxic effects as single agents in tumors characterized by defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks deriving from BRCA1/2 mutations or other abnormalities in genes associated with homologous recombination. Preclinical studies have shown that PARPi-induced DNA damage may affect the tumor immune microenvironment and immune-mediated anti-tumor response through several mechanisms. In particular, increased DNA damage has been shown to induce the activation of type I interferon pathway and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, which can both enhance sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). Despite the recent approval of ICIs for a number of advanced cancer types based on their ability to reinvigorate T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses, a consistent percentage of treated patients fail to respond, strongly encouraging the identification of combination therapies to overcome resistance. In the present review, we analyzed both established and unexplored mechanisms that may be elicited by PARPi, supporting immune reactivation and their potential synergism with currently used ICIs. This analysis may indicate novel and possibly patient-specific immune features that might represent new pharmacological targets of PARPi, potentially leading to the identification of predictive biomarkers of response to their combination with ICIs.
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35
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Mosler T, Baymaz HI, Gräf JF, Mikicic I, Blattner G, Bartlett E, Ostermaier M, Piccinno R, Yang J, Voigt A, Gatti M, Pellegrino S, Altmeyer M, Luck K, Ahel I, Roukos V, Beli P. PARP1 proximity proteomics reveals interaction partners at stressed replication forks. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11600-11618. [PMID: 36350633 PMCID: PMC9723622 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 mediates poly-ADP-ribosylation of proteins on chromatin in response to different types of DNA lesions. PARP inhibitors are used for the treatment of BRCA1/2-deficient breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. Loss of DNA replication fork protection is proposed as one mechanism that contributes to the vulnerability of BRCA1/2-deficient cells to PARP inhibitors. However, the mechanisms that regulate PARP1 activity at stressed replication forks remain poorly understood. Here, we performed proximity proteomics of PARP1 and isolation of proteins on stressed replication forks to map putative PARP1 regulators. We identified TPX2 as a direct PARP1-binding protein that regulates the auto-ADP-ribosylation activity of PARP1. TPX2 interacts with DNA damage response proteins and promotes homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Moreover, TPX2 mRNA levels are increased in BRCA1/2-mutated breast and prostate cancers, and high TPX2 expression levels correlate with the sensitivity of cancer cells to PARP-trapping inhibitors. We propose that TPX2 confers a mitosis-independent function in the cellular response to replication stress by interacting with PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Irem Baymaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Justus F Gräf
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Ivan Mikicic
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - Edward Bartlett
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | | | - Jiwen Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Andrea Voigt
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Marco Gatti
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Katja Luck
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
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36
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Deng O, Dash S, Nepomuceno TC, Fang B, Yun SY, Welsh EA, Lawrence HR, Marchion D, Koomen JM, Monteiro AN, Rix U. Integrated proteomics identifies PARP inhibitor-induced prosurvival signaling changes as potential vulnerabilities in ovarian cancer. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102550. [PMID: 36183837 PMCID: PMC9636579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1/2-deficient ovarian carcinoma (OC) has been shown to be particularly sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). Furthermore, BRCA1/2 mutation status is currently used as a predictive biomarker for PARPi therapy. Despite providing a major clinical benefit to the majority of patients, a significant proportion of BRCA1/2-deficient OC tumors do not respond to PARPis for reasons that are incompletely understood. Using an integrated chemical, phospho- and ADP-ribosylation proteomics approach, we sought here to develop additional mechanism-based biomarker candidates for PARPi therapy in OC and identify new targets for combination therapy to overcome primary resistance. Using chemical proteomics with PARPi baits in a BRCA1-isogenic OC cell line pair, as well as patient-derived BRCA1-proficient and BRCA1-deficient tumor samples, and subsequent validation by coimmunoprecipitation, we showed differential PARP1 and PARP2 protein complex composition in PARPi-sensitive, BRCA1-deficient UWB1.289 (UWB) cells compared to PARPi-insensitive, BRCA1-reconstituted UWB1.289+BRCA1 (UWB+B) cells. In addition, global phosphoproteomics and ADP-ribosylation proteomics furthermore revealed that the PARPi rucaparib induced the cell cycle pathway and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway in UWB cells but downregulated ErbB signaling in UWB+B cells. In addition, we observed AKT PARylation and prosurvival AKT-mTOR signaling in UWB+B cells after PARPi treatment. Consistently, we found the synergy of PARPis with DNAPK or AKT inhibitors was more pronounced in UWB+B cells, highlighting these pathways as actionable vulnerabilities. In conclusion, we demonstrate the combination of chemical proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and ADP-ribosylation proteomics can identify differential PARP1/2 complexes and diverse, but actionable, drug compensatory signaling in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Deng
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sweta Dash
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thales C Nepomuceno
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sang Y Yun
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA; Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eric A Welsh
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA; Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Douglas Marchion
- Tissue Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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37
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Chu YY, Yam C, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Biomarkers beyond BRCA: promising combinatorial treatment strategies in overcoming resistance to PARP inhibitors. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:86. [PMID: 36284291 PMCID: PMC9594904 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) exploit the concept of synthetic lethality and offer great promise in the treatment of tumors with deficiencies in homologous recombination (HR) repair. PARPi exert antitumor activity by blocking Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and trapping PARP1 on damaged DNA. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four PARPi for the treatment of several cancer types including ovarian, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Although patients with HR-deficient tumors benefit from PARPi, majority of tumors ultimately develop acquired resistance to PARPi. Furthermore, even though BRCA1/2 mutations are commonly used as markers of PARPi sensitivity in current clinical practice, not all patients with BRCA1/2 mutations have PARPi-sensitive disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PARPi resistance to support the development of rational effective treatment strategies aimed at overcoming resistance to PARPi, as well as reliable biomarkers to accurately identify patients who will most likely benefit from treatment with PARPi, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, so called marker-guided effective therapy (Mget). In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms driving the efficacy of and resistance to PARPi as well as emerging therapeutic strategies to overcome PARPi resistance. We also highlight the identification of potential markers to predict PARPi resistance and guide promising PARPi-based combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yi Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 100, Sec 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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38
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Dibitetto D, Marshall S, Sanchi A, Liptay M, Badar J, Lopes M, Rottenberg S, Smolka MB. DNA-PKcs promotes fork reversal and chemoresistance. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3932-3942.e6. [PMID: 36130596 PMCID: PMC9588680 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-PKcs kinase mediates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks via classical non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). DNA-PKcs is also recruited to active replication forks, although a role for DNA-PKcs in the control of fork dynamics is unclear. Here, we identify a crucial role for DNA-PKcs in promoting fork reversal, a process that stabilizes stressed replication forks and protects genome integrity. DNA-PKcs promotes fork reversal and slowing in response to several replication stress-inducing agents in a manner independent of its role in NHEJ. Cells lacking DNA-PKcs activity show increased DNA damage during S-phase and cellular sensitivity to replication stress. Notably, prevention of fork slowing and reversal via DNA-PKcs inhibition efficiently restores chemotherapy sensitivity in BRCA2-deficient mammary tumors with acquired PARPi resistance. Together, our data uncover a new key regulator of fork reversal and show how DNA-PKcs signaling can be manipulated to alter fork dynamics and drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dibitetto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Shannon Marshall
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrea Sanchi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Liptay
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jumana Badar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcus B Smolka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Serra V, Wang AT, Castroviejo-Bermejo M, Polanska UM, Palafox M, Herencia-Ropero A, Jones GN, Lai Z, Armenia J, Michopoulos F, Llop-Guevara A, Brough R, Gulati A, Pettitt SJ, Bulusu KC, Nikkilä J, Wilson Z, Hughes A, Wijnhoven PW, Ahmed A, Bruna A, Gris-Oliver A, Guzman M, Rodríguez O, Grueso J, Arribas J, Cortés J, Saura C, Lau A, Critchlow S, Dougherty B, Caldas C, Mills GB, Barrett JC, Forment JV, Cadogan E, Lord CJ, Cruz C, Balmaña J, O'Connor MJ. Identification of a Molecularly-Defined Subset of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Models that Respond to WEE1 or ATR Inhibition, Overcoming PARP Inhibitor Resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4536-4550. [PMID: 35921524 PMCID: PMC9561606 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PARP inhibitors (PARPi) induce synthetic lethality in homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient tumors and are used to treat breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Multiple PARPi resistance mechanisms exist, most resulting in restoration of HRR and protection of stalled replication forks. ATR inhibition was highlighted as a unique approach to reverse both aspects of resistance. Recently, however, a PARPi/WEE1 inhibitor (WEE1i) combination demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity associated with the induction of replication stress, suggesting another approach to tackling PARPi resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed breast and ovarian patient-derived xenoimplant models resistant to PARPi to quantify WEE1i and ATR inhibitor (ATRi) responses as single agents and in combination with PARPi. Biomarker analysis was conducted at the genetic and protein level. Metabolite analysis by mass spectrometry and nucleoside rescue experiments ex vivo were also conducted in patient-derived models. RESULTS Although WEE1i response was linked to markers of replication stress, including STK11/RB1 and phospho-RPA, ATRi response associated with ATM mutation. When combined with olaparib, WEE1i could be differentiated from the ATRi/olaparib combination, providing distinct therapeutic strategies to overcome PARPi resistance by targeting the replication stress response. Mechanistically, WEE1i sensitivity was associated with shortage of the dNTP pool and a concomitant increase in replication stress. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the replication stress response is a valid therapeutic option to overcome PARPi resistance including tumors without an underlying HRR deficiency. These preclinical insights are now being tested in several clinical trials where the PARPi is administered with either the WEE1i or the ATRi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marta Palafox
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Herencia-Ropero
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Zhongwu Lai
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Alba Llop-Guevara
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Zena Wilson
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adina Hughes
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ambar Ahmed
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Gris-Oliver
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Guzman
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Rodríguez
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Grueso
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arribas
- CIBERONC, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Growth Factors Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Saura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer and Melanoma Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Lau
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Cell Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- High Risk and Familial Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- High Risk and Familial Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Jacobson JC, Qiao J, Clark RA, Chung DH. Combination bromo- and extraterminal domain and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition synergistically enhances DNA damage and inhibits neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:103. [PMID: 36227363 PMCID: PMC9562984 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE JQ1 is a bromo- and extraterminal (BET) domain inhibitor that downregulates MYC expression and impairs the DNA damage response. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors prevent DNA damage sensing and repair. We hypothesized that JQ1 would promote a DNA repair-deficient phenotype that sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to PARP inhibition. METHODS Four human neuroblastoma cell lines were examined: two MYCN-amplified (BE(2)-C and IMR-32), and two non-MYCN-amplified (SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y). Cells were treated with JQ1 (BET inhibitor), Olaparib (PARP inhibitor), or in combination to assess for therapeutic synergy of JQ1 and Olaparib. Treated cells were harvested and analyzed. Quantitative assessment of combination treatment synergy was performed using the median effect principle of Chou and Talalay. RESULTS Combination treatment with Olaparib decreased the IC50 of JQ1 by 19.9-fold, 2.0-fold, 12.1-fold, and 2.0-fold in the BE(2)-C, IMR-32, SK-N-SH, and SH-SY5Y cell lines, respectively. In the MYCN-amplified cell lines, BE(2)-C and IMR-32, combination treatment decreased gene expression of MYCN relative to single-drug treatment alone or control. Combination treatment decreased protein expression of DNA repair proteins Ku80 and RAD51, led to accumulation of DNA damage marker phospho-histone H2A.X, and increased caspase activity. In the non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y, combination treatment induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Combination BET and PARP inhibition synergistically inhibited neuroblastoma tumorigenesis in vitro. In MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells, this effect may be induced by downregulation of MYCN transcription, defects in DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, and apoptosis. In non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, combination treatment induced cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian C Jacobson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Health, 1935 Medical District Dr. Mailstop F3.66, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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41
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Shi C, Qin K, Lin A, Jiang A, Cheng Q, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P. The role of DNA damage repair (DDR) system in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:268. [PMID: 36071479 PMCID: PMC9450390 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer treatment has increased, a growing number of studies demonstrate pathways through which DNA damage repair (DDR) affects the immune system. At the same time, the varied response of patients to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has prompted the discovery of various predictive biomarkers and the study of combination therapy. Here, our investigation explores the interactions involved in combination therapy, accompanied by a review that summarizes currently identified and promising predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that are useful for classifying oncology patients. In addition, this work, which discusses immunogenicity and several components of the tumor immune microenvironment, serves to illustrate the mechanism by which higher response rates and improved efficacy of DDR inhibitors (DDRi) in combination with ICIs are achieved.
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Biological Mechanisms to Reduce Radioresistance and Increase the Efficacy of Radiotherapy: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810211. [PMID: 36142122 PMCID: PMC9499172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-established and effective clinical method to fight different types of tumors and is a palliative treatment to cure metastatic stages. Approximately half of all cancer patients undergo radiotherapy (RT) according to clinical protocols that employ two types of ionizing radiation: sparsely IR (i.e., X-rays) and densely IR (i.e., protons). Most cancer cells irradiated with therapeutic doses exhibit radio-induced cytotoxicity in terms of cell proliferation arrest and cell death by apoptosis. Nevertheless, despite the more tailored advances in RT protocols in the last few years, several tumors show a relatively high percentage of RT failure and tumor relapse due to their radioresistance. To counteract this extremely complex phenomenon and improve clinical protocols, several factors associated with radioresistance, of both a molecular and cellular nature, must be considered. Tumor genetics/epigenetics, tumor microenvironment, tumor metabolism, and the presence of non-malignant cells (i.e., fibroblast-associated cancer cells, macrophage-associated cancer cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, endothelial cells, cancer stem cells) are the main factors important in determining the tumor response to IR. Here, we attempt to provide an overview of how such factors can be taken advantage of in clinical strategies targeting radioresistant tumors.
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Merlini A, Centomo ML, Ferrero G, Chiabotto G, Miglio U, Berrino E, Giordano G, Brusco S, Pisacane A, Maldi E, Sarotto I, Capozzi F, Lano C, Isella C, Crisafulli G, Aglietta M, Dei Tos AP, Sbaraglia M, Sangiolo D, D’Ambrosio L, Bardelli A, Pignochino Y, Grignani G. DNA damage response and repair genes in advanced bone and soft tissue sarcomas: An 8-gene signature as a candidate predictive biomarker of response to trabectedin and olaparib combination. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844250. [PMID: 36110934 PMCID: PMC9469659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced and unresectable bone and soft tissue sarcomas (BSTS) still represent an unmet medical need. We demonstrated that the alkylating agent trabectedin and the PARP1-inhibitor olaparib display antitumor activity in BSTS preclinical models. Moreover, in a phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02398058), feasibility, tolerability and encouraging results have been observed and the treatment combination is currently under study in a phase II trial (NCT03838744). Methods Differential expression of genes involved in DNA Damage Response and Repair was evaluated by Nanostring® technology, extracting RNA from pre-treatment tumor samples of 16 responder (≥6-month progression free survival) and 16 non-responder patients. Data validation was performed by quantitative real-time PCR, RNA in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the identified candidate genes and both progression-free survival and overall survival was investigated in the publicly available dataset “Sarcoma (TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas)”. Results Differential RNA expression analysis revealed an 8-gene signature (CDKN2A, PIK3R1, SLFN11, ATM, APEX2, BLM, XRCC2, MAD2L2) defining patients with better outcome upon trabectedin+olaparib treatment. In responder vs. non-responder patients, a significant differential expression of these genes was further confirmed by RNA in situ hybridization and by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in selected experiments. Correlation between survival outcomes and genetic alterations in the identified genes was shown in the TCGA sarcoma dataset. Conclusions This work identified an 8-gene expression signature to improve prediction of response to trabectedin+olaparib combination in BSTS. The predictive role of these potential biomarkers warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Merlini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Centomo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Berrino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Brusco
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elena Maldi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Lano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Crisafulli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D’Ambrosio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Medical Oncology, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ymera Pignochino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ymera Pignochino, ; Giovanni Grignani,
| | - Giovanni Grignani
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ymera Pignochino, ; Giovanni Grignani,
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Chatterjee S, Dhal AK, Paul S, Sinha S, Das B, Dash SR, Kundu CN. Combination of talazoparib and olaparib enhanced the curcumin-mediated apoptosis in oral cancer cells by PARP-1 trapping. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3521-3535. [PMID: 35962813 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerases (PARP) results in the blocking of DNA repair cascades that eventually leads to apoptosis and cancer cell death. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) exhibit their actions either by inhibiting PARP-induced PARylation and/or by trapping PARP at the DNA damage site. But, the mechanism of PARPi-mediated induction of cellular toxicity via PARP-trapping is largely unknown. METHODS The cellular toxicity of PARPi [Talazoparib (BMN) and/or Olaparib (Ola)] was investigated in oral cancer cells and the underlying mechanism was studied by using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo preclinical model systems. RESULTS The experimental data suggested that induction of DNA damage is imperative for the optimal effectiveness of PARPi. Curcumin (Cur) exhibited maximum DNA damaging capacity in comparison to Resveratrol and 5-Flurouracil. Combination of BMN + Ola induced cell death in Cur pre-treated cells at much lower concentrations than their individual treatments. BMN + Ola treatment deregulated the BER cascade, potentiated PARP-trapping, caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Cur pre-treated cells in a much more effective manner than their individual treatments. In silico data indicated the involvement of different amino acid residues which might play important roles in enhancing the BMN + Ola-mediated PARP-trapping. Moreover, in vivo mice xenograft data also suggested the BMN + Ola-mediated enhancement of apoptotic potentiality of Cur. CONCLUSION Thus, induction of DNA damage was found to be essential for optimal functioning of PARPi and BMN + Ola combination treatment enhanced the apoptotic potentiality of Cur in cancer cells by enhancing the PARP-trapping activity via modulation of BER cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Dhal
- Bioinformatics Lab, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Subarno Paul
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
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Du T, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Sheng L, Yao H, Ji M, Xu B, Chen X. A Novel PARP Inhibitor YHP-836 For the Treatment of BRCA-Deficiency Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865085. [PMID: 35910366 PMCID: PMC9326368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have clinically demonstrated good antitumor activity in patients with BRCA mutations. Here, we described YHP-836, a novel PARP inhibitor, YHP-836 demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity for both PARP1 and PARP2 enzymes. It also allosterically regulated PARP1 and PARP2 via DNA trapping. YHP-836 showed cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines with BRCA mutations and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. YHP-836 also sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy agents in vitro. Oral administration of YHP-836 elicited remarkable antitumor activity either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy agents in vivo. These results indicated that YHP-836 is a well-defined PARP inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ji, ; Bailing Xu, ; Xiaoguang Chen,
| | - Bailing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ji, ; Bailing Xu, ; Xiaoguang Chen,
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Ji, ; Bailing Xu, ; Xiaoguang Chen,
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Oh KS, Nam AR, Bang JH, Seo HR, Kim JM, Yoon J, Kim TY, Oh DY. A synthetic lethal strategy using PARP and ATM inhibition for overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive cancers. Oncogene 2022; 41:3939-3952. [PMID: 35798878 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite its clinical efficacy in HER2-positive cancers, resistance to trastuzumab inevitably occurs. The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is essential for maintaining genomic stability and cell survival. However, the role of the DDR pathway in HER2-positive tumors and trastuzumab resistance remains elusive. In this study, we verified that increased PARP1 expression in trastuzumab-resistant (TR) cells, owing to its augmented stability by escape from proteasomal degradation, confers tolerability to trastuzumab-induced DNA damage. Interruption of PARP1 in TR cells restrains its cellular growth, while simultaneously activating ATM to retain its genome stability. Dual inhibition of PARP and ATM induces synthetic lethality in TR cells by favoring the toxic NHEJ pathway instead of the HRR pathway. Our results highlight the potential of clinical development of DDR-targeting strategies for trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Seok Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ah-Rong Nam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Seo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jeesun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Budczies J, Kluck K, Beck S, Ourailidis I, Allgäuer M, Menzel M, Kazdal D, Perkhofer L, Kleger A, Schirmacher P, Seufferlein T, Stenzinger A. Homologous recombination deficiency is inversely correlated with microsatellite instability and identifies immunologically cold tumors in most cancer types. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 8:371-382. [PMID: 35384413 PMCID: PMC9161338 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) leads to DNA double‐strand breaks and can be exploited by the use of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to induce synthetic lethality. Extending the original therapeutic concept, the role of HRD is currently being investigated in clinical trials testing immune checkpoint blockers alone or in combination with PARP inhibitors, but the relationship between HRD and immune cell context in cancer is incompletely understood. We analyzed the association between immune cell composition, gene expression, and HRD in 9,041 tumors of 32 solid cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The numbers of genomic scars were quantified by the HRD sum score (HRDsum) including loss of heterozygosity, large‐scale state transitions, and telomeric allelic imbalance. The T‐cell inflamed gene expression profile correlated weakly, but significantly positively, with HRDsum across cancer types (ρ = 0.17). Within individual cancer types, a significantly positive correlation was observed only in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and four other cancer types, but not in the remaining 26 cancer types. HRDsum and tumor mutational burden (TMB) correlated significantly positively across cancer types (ρ = 0.42) and within 18 cancer types. HRDsum and a proliferation metagene correlated significantly positively across cancer types (ρ = 0.52) and within 20 cancer types. Mismatch repair deficiency and HRD as well as proofreading deficiency showed a high level of exclusivity. High HRD scores were associated with an immunologically activated tumor microenvironment only in a minority of cancer types. Our data favor the combination of genetic markers, complex genomic markers (including HRDsum and TMB), and other molecular markers (including proliferation scores) for a precise and comprehensive read‐out of the tumor biology and an individually tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kluck
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Beck
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Menzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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He Y, Xu W, Xiao YT, Huang H, Gu D, Ren S. Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:198. [PMID: 35750683 PMCID: PMC9232569 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men globally. Due to advances in understanding genomic landscapes and biological functions, the treatment of PCa continues to improve. Recently, various new classes of agents, which include next-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide), bone-targeting agents (radium-223 chloride, zoledronic acid), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib) have been developed to treat PCa. Agents targeting other signaling pathways, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6, Ak strain transforming (AKT), wingless-type protein (WNT), and epigenetic marks, have successively entered clinical trials. Furthermore, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents such as 177Lu-PSMA-617 are promising theranostics that could improve both diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefits in PCa, whereas subgroups of PCa with mismatch repair (MMR) or CDK12 inactivation may benefit from ICIs treatment. In this review, we summarized the targeted agents of PCa in clinical trials and their underlying mechanisms, and further discussed their limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Mekonnen N, Yang H, Shin YK. Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Ovarian, Breast, Colorectal, Pancreatic, Non-Small Cell Lung and Prostate Cancers, and the Mechanisms of Resistance to PARP Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880643. [PMID: 35785170 PMCID: PMC9247200 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a highly conserved DNA repair mechanism that protects cells from exogenous and endogenous DNA damage. Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) play an important role in the HR repair pathway by interacting with other DNA repair proteins such as Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, ATM, RAD51, PALB2, MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN. These pathways are frequently aberrant in cancer, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability known as homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). HRD can be caused by chromosomal and subchromosomal aberrations, as well as by epigenetic inactivation of tumor suppressor gene promoters. Deficiency in one or more HR genes increases the risk of many malignancies. Another conserved mechanism involved in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) is base excision repair, in which poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes play an important role. PARP inhibitors (PARPIs) convert SSBs to more cytotoxic double-strand breaks, which are repaired in HR-proficient cells, but remain unrepaired in HRD. The blockade of both HR and base excision repair pathways is the basis of PARPI therapy. The use of PARPIs can be expanded to sporadic cancers displaying the “BRCAness” phenotype. Although PARPIs are effective in many cancers, their efficacy is limited by the development of resistance. In this review, we summarize the prevalence of HRD due to mutation, loss of heterozygosity, and promoter hypermethylation of 35 DNA repair genes in ovarian, breast, colorectal, pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms and strategies to overcome PARPI resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negesse Mekonnen
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hobin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- LOGONE Bio Convergence Research Foundation, Center for Companion Diagnostics, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Kee Shin,
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Hu J, Liang P, Jin D, Fan R, Xie X, Liu C, Jiang Q, Gao L. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) for advanced malignancies with multiple DNA-repair genetic aberrations. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:717-723. [PMID: 35679134 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2088513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for the treatment of advanced tumors with defects in genes involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR), including cancers of the prostate, pancreas, breast, and ovary. In these advanced tumors, PARPi afford 'synthetic lethality' by blocking the PARP-associated repair pathway in cancer cells with HRR genetic mutations, resulting in chromosome instability and cellular apoptosis. According to the synthetic lethality theory, patients with a greater burden of genetic alterations, in proportion (relative quantity) or category, would have more satisfactory outcomes after PARPi administration. However, this issue remains obscure based on the existing sporadic evidence. AREAS COVERED We summarize the therapeutic effects of PARPi in advanced tumors with multiple HRR genetic mutations, and attempted to compare these results with those obtained for cancers with a single mutation. EXPERT OPINION Limited evidence has provided a possibly encouraging response to PARPi among patients carrying multiple HRR genetic mutations compared with those with a single mutation (although the treatment effect was negative in some patients). Further research is needed to understand the role of PARPi in tumor cells with multiple HRR genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chong Qing, China
| | - Peihe Liang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chong Qing, China
| | - Dachun Jin
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital/Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University
| | - Runze Fan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chong Qing, China
| | - Xiaodu Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chong Qing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chong Qing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chong Qing, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chong Qing, China
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