1
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Das S. Visible-Light-Induced Dearomative Annulation of Indoles toward Stereoselective Formation of Fused- and Spiro Indolines. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36023-36042. [PMID: 39220487 PMCID: PMC11360027 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization approaches are attractive for their abilities to transform simple, planar arenes into complex, three-dimensional architectures. In particular, visible-light driven dearomatization strategies are significant because of their mild, green, and sustainable nature, enabling the fabrication of new chemical bonds via an electron transfer or energy transfer process. Indole compounds, being potentially bioactive and readily accessible, can be employed efficiently as building blocks for constructing diverse annulated frameworks under photocatalysis. Highly stereoselective radical cascade reactions of appropriate indole systems can provide complex cyclic scaffolds bearing multiple stereocenters. In fact, the past few years have witnessed the renaissance of dearomative cycloadditions of indoles via visible-light-induced photocatalysis. The present review highlights recent advances (2019-mid 2024) in visible-light-driven dearomative annulation of indoles leading to formation of polycyclic indolines, including angularly fused and spiro indolines. Most of the reactions described in this review are simple, providing quick access to the desired products. Additionally, characteristic reaction mechanisms are offered to provide an understand of how indole scaffolds show distinctive reactivity under photocatalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suven Das
- Department of Chemistry, Rishi Bankim Chandra College for Women, Naihati, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal 743165, India
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2
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Ives RA, Maturi W, Gill MT, Rankine C, McGonigal PR. A guide to bullvalene stereodynamics. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03700f. [PMID: 39220163 PMCID: PMC11358867 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we analyze the stereodynamic properties of bullvalenes using principal moments of inertia and exit vector plots to draw comparisons with commonly used ring systems in medicinal chemistry. To aid analyses, we first classify (i) the four elementary rearrangement steps available to substituted bullvalenes, which (ii) can be described by applying positional descriptors (α, β, γ, and δ) to the substituents. We also (iii) derive an intuitive equation to calculate the number of isomers for a given bullvalene system. Using DFT-modelled structures for di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted bullvalenes, generated using a newly developed computational tool (bullviso), we show that their 3D shapes and the exit vectors available from the bullvalene scaffold make them comparable to other bioisosteres currently used to replace planar aromatic ring systems in drug discovery. Unlike conventional ring systems, the shapeshifting valence isomerism of bullvalenes gives rise to numerous shapes and substituent relationships attainable as a concentration-independent dynamic covalent library from a single compound. We visualize this property by applying population weightings to the principal moments of inertia and exit vector analyses to reflect the relative thermodynamic stabilities of the available isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Ives
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - William Maturi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Matthew T Gill
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Conor Rankine
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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3
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Pantelic L, Skaro Bogojevic S, Andrejević TP, Pantović BV, Marković VR, Ašanin DP, Milanović Ž, Ilic-Tomic T, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Glišić BĐ, Lazic J. Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with Bacterial Prodigiosin Are Targeting Site III of Bovine Serum Albumin and Acting as DNA Minor Groove Binders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8395. [PMID: 39125963 PMCID: PMC11313072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The negative environmental and social impacts of food waste accumulation can be mitigated by utilizing bio-refineries' approach where food waste is revalorized into high-value products, such as prodigiosin (PG), using microbial bioprocesses. The diverse biological activities of PG position it as a promising compound, but its high production cost and promiscuous bioactivity hinder its wide application. Metal ions can modulate the electronic properties of organic molecules, leading to novel mechanisms of action and increased target potency, while metal complex formation can improve the stability, solubility and bioavailability of the parent compound. The objectives of this study were optimizing PG production through bacterial fermentation using food waste, allowing good quantities of the pure natural product for further synthesizing and evaluating copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with it. Their antimicrobial and anticancer activities were assessed, and their binding affinity toward biologically important molecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and DNA was investigated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy and molecular docking. The yield of 83.1 mg/L of pure PG was obtained when processed meat waste at 18 g/L was utilized as the sole fermentation substrate. The obtained complexes CuPG and ZnPG showed high binding affinity towards target site III of BSA, and molecular docking simulations highlighted the affinity of the compounds for DNA minor grooves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Pantelic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Sanja Skaro Bogojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Tina P. Andrejević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (T.P.A.); (B.V.P.); (V.R.M.)
| | - Bojana V. Pantović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (T.P.A.); (B.V.P.); (V.R.M.)
| | - Violeta R. Marković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (T.P.A.); (B.V.P.); (V.R.M.)
| | - Darko P. Ašanin
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.P.A.); (Ž.M.)
| | - Žiko Milanović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.P.A.); (Ž.M.)
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Biljana Đ. Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (T.P.A.); (B.V.P.); (V.R.M.)
| | - Jelena Lazic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
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4
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Wang X, Gao R, Li X. Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Chiral Polysubstituted 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes by Copper-Catalyzed Stereoselective Formal [4π+2σ] Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39011580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The direct construction of bioisosteric compounds enriched in Csp3 content represents an attractive and dependable approach to imbuing biologically active molecules with enhanced three-dimensional characteristics, finding wide utility across the synthetic and medicinal chemistry community. Despite recent advancements in the synthesis of (aza)-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (BCHeps and aza-BCHeps), which serve as meta-substituted (aza)-arene bioisosteres, the enantioselective assembly of chiral 3-aza-BCHeps remains a coveted goal yet to be achieved. Here, we disclose an unprecedented copper-catalyzed asymmetric formal [4π+2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) and azomethine ylides, furnishing a diverse array of enantioenriched 3-aza-BCHeps with exceptional levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivites (51 examples, all >20:1 dr, mostly 97-99% ee). Both mono- and disubstituted BCBs are well compatible with this protocol, offering an enticing route for the efficient synthesis of challenging tetrasubstituted bicyclic products bearing two quaternary centers. The synthetic significance of this methodology is further demonstrated by the successful preparation of several piperidine drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhua Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rongkai Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, NO.388 Ruoshui Road, SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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5
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Jin YH, Wang XP, Ning LW, Wang RJ, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen LY. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of 3-Fluorooxindole to Vinylidene Bisphosphonates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8435-8446. [PMID: 38843406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Both the 3-fluorooxindole and germinal bisphosphonate structural motifs are prevalent in bioactive molecules because of their associated biological activities. We describe an approach to accessing 3,3-disubstituted 3-fluorooxindoles bearing a geminal bisphosphate fragment through a highly enantioselective Michael addition reaction between 3-fluorooxindoles and vinylidene bisphosphonates. These reactions are catalyzed by a commercially available cinchona alkaloid catalyst, have a broad substrate scope concerning 3-fluorooxindoles, and provide the corresponding addition products in a yield of up to 95% with an enantiomeric excess of up to 95%. A reasonable reaction pathway to explain the observed stereochemistry is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hu Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Li-Wen Ning
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ren-Jie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Youcan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
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6
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Stanković M, Kljun J, Stevanović NL, Lazic J, Skaro Bogojevic S, Vojnovic S, Zlatar M, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Turel I, Djuran MI, Glišić BĐ. Silver(I) complexes containing antifungal azoles: significant improvement of the anti- Candida potential of the azole drug after its coordination to the silver(I) ion. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2218-2230. [PMID: 38193719 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the emergence of resistance to currently available antifungal therapy and by the great potential of metal complexes for the treatment of various diseases, we synthesized three new silver(I) complexes containing clinically used antifungal azoles as ligands, [Ag(ecz)2]SbF6 (1, ecz is econazole), {[Ag(vcz)2]SbF6}n (2, vcz is voriconazole), and [Ag(ctz)2]SbF6 (3, ctz is clotrimazole), and investigated their antimicrobial properties. The synthesized complexes were characterized by mass spectrometry, IR, UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the mononuclear complexes 1 and 3 with ecz and ctz, respectively, the silver(I) ion has the expected linear geometry, in which the azoles are monodentately coordinated to this metal center through the N3 imidazole nitrogen atom. In contrast, the vcz-containing complex 2 has a polymeric structure in the solid state in which the silver(I) ions are coordinated by four nitrogen atoms in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. DFT calculations were done to predict the most favorable structures of the studied complexes in DMSO solution. All the studied silver(I) complexes have shown excellent antifungal and good to moderate antibacterial activities with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the ranges of 0.01-27.1 and 2.61-47.9 μM on the selected panel of fungi and bacteria, respectively. Importantly, the complexes 1-3 have exhibited a significantly improved antifungal activity compared to the free azoles, with the most pronounced effect observed in the case of complex 2 compared to the parent vcz against Candida glabrata with an increase of activity by five orders of magnitude. Moreover, the silver(I)-azole complexes 2 and 3 significantly inhibited the formation of C. albicans hyphae and biofilms at the subinhibitory concentration of 50% MIC. To investigate the impact of the complex 3 more thoroughly on Candida pathogenesis, its effect on the adherence of C. albicans to A549 cells (human adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial cells), as an initial step of the invasion of host cells, was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Stanković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jakob Kljun
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nevena Lj Stevanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Lazic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Skaro Bogojevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Matija Zlatar
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iztok Turel
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miloš I Djuran
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Đ Glišić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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7
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Ivantcova PM, Kirsanova AA, Polshakov VI, Lyssenko KA, Kudryavtsev KV. Pyrrolidine/Azepane Ring Expansion via Intramolecular Ullmann-Type Annulation/Rearrangement Cascade: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1 H-Benzazepines. Org Lett 2023; 25:7573-7577. [PMID: 37801732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
5-Arylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylates with an ortho-halogen substituent at 5-aryl and an electron-withdrawing group at the C4 position of the pyrrolidine ring were transformed into 1H-benzo[b]azepine-2-carboxylates under Cu(I) promotion and microwave activation. Reaction promoter copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate has been generated in situ in the reaction's environment from Cu2O and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. Functionalized 1H-benzo[b]azepine-2-carboxylates were obtained in racemic and optically active forms in 67-89% yields. Subsequent stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and an Ullmann-type annulation/rearrangement cascade (UARC) ensure a synthetic route to oligomeric optically active benzazepine species with a well-defined 3D-structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina M Ivantcova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, 354340 Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Kirsanova
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave 83, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Vladimir I Polshakov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave 31/5, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Pharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street 1, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
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8
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Karale UB, Shinde A, Gaikwad VR, Kalari S, Gourishetti K, Radhakrishnan M, Poornachandra Y, Amanchy R, Chakravarty S, Andugulapati SB, Rode HB. Iron mediated reductive cyclization/oxidation for the generation of chemically diverse scaffolds: An approach in drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106698. [PMID: 37418784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemically diverse scaffolds represent a main source of biologically important starting points in drug discovery. Herein, we report the development of such diverse scaffolds from nitroarene/ nitro(hetero)arenes using a key synthetic strategy. In a pilot-scale study, the synthesis of 10 diverse scaffolds was achieved. The 1,7-phenanthroline, thiazolo[5,4-f]quinoline, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-g]quinoline, pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline, 1H-[1,4]oxazino[3,2-g]quinolin-2(3H)-one, [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-h]quinoline, 7H-pyrido[2,3-c]carbazole, 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline, pyrido[3,2-f]quinoxaline were obtained from nitro hetero arenes in ethanol using iron-acetic acid treatment followed by reaction under oxygen atmosphere. This diverse library is compliant with the rule of five for drug-likeness. The mapping of chemical space represented by these scaffolds revealed a significant contribution to the underrepresented chemical diversity. Crucial to the development of this approach was the mapping of biological space covered by these scaffolds which revealed neurotropic and prophylactic anti-inflammatory activities. In vitro, neuro-biological assays revealed that compounds 14a and 15a showed excellent neurotropic potential and neurite growth compared to controls. Further, anti-inflammatory assays (in vitro and in vivo models) exhibited that Compound 16 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by attenuating the LPS-induced TNF-α and CD68 levels by modulating the NFkB pathway. In addition, treatment with compound 16 significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced sepsis conditions, and pathological abnormalities (in lung and liver tissues) and improved the survival of the rats compared to LPS control. Owing to their chemical diversity along with bioactivities, it is envisaged that new quality pre-clinical candidates will be generated in the above therapeutic areas using identified leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam B Karale
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Akash Shinde
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vikas R Gaikwad
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Saradhi Kalari
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Karthik Gourishetti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Yedla Poornachandra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India; Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Haridas B Rode
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
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9
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Kim MJ, Wang DJ, Targos K, Garcia UA, Harris AF, Guzei IA, Wickens ZK. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes from Carbon Pronucleophiles and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303032. [PMID: 36929023 PMCID: PMC10189787 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are desirable structural motifs with valuable applications in drug discovery and beyond. Established alkene cyclopropanation methods give rise to cyclopropanes with a limited array of substituents, are difficult to scale, or both. Herein, we disclose a new cyclopropane synthesis through the formal coupling of abundant carbon pronucleophiles and unactivated alkenes. This strategy exploits dicationic adducts derived from electrolysis of thianthrene in the presence of alkene substrates. We find that these dielectrophiles undergo cyclopropanation with methylene pronucleophiles via alkenyl thianthrenium intermediates. This protocol is scalable, proceeds with high diastereoselectivity, and tolerates diverse functional groups on both the alkene and pronucleophile coupling partners. To validate the utility of this new procedure, we prepared an array of substituted analogs of an established cyclopropane that is en route to multiple pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Diana J. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Uriel A. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Alison F. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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10
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Okolo EA, Pahl A, Sievers S, Pask CM, Nelson A, Marsden SP. Scaffold Remodelling of Diazaspirotricycles Enables Synthesis of Diverse sp 3 -Rich Compounds With Distinct Phenotypic Effects. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203992. [PMID: 36722618 PMCID: PMC10946999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 'top down' scaffold remodelling approach to library synthesis was applied to spirotricyclic ureas prepared by a complexity-generating oxidative dearomatisation. Eighteen structurally-distinct, sp3 -rich scaffolds were accessed from the parent tricycle through ring addition, cleavage and expansion strategies. Biological screening of a small compound library based on these scaffolds using the cell-painting assay demonstrated distinctive phenotypic responses engendered by different library members, illustrating the functional as well as structural diversity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 11Dortmund44227Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 11Dortmund44227Germany
| | | | - Adam Nelson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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11
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Madden KS, Todd PM, Urata K, Russell AJ, Vincent KA, Reeve HA. A pharmacophore-based approach to demonstrating the scope of alcohol dehydrogenases. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 83:117255. [PMID: 36966660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Barriers to the ready adoption of biocatalysis into asymmetric synthesis for early stage medicinal chemistry are addressed, using ketone reduction by alcohol dehydrogenase as a model reaction. An efficient substrate screening approach is used to show the wide substrate scope of commercial alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes, with a high tolerance to chemical groups employed in drug discovery (heterocycle, trifluoromethyl and nitrile/nitro groups) observed. We use our screening data to build a preliminary predictive pharmacophore-based screening tool using Forge software, with a precision of 0.67/1, demonstrating the potential for developing substrate screening tools for commercially available enzymes without publicly available structures. We hope that this work will facilitate a culture shift towards adopting biocatalysis alongside traditional chemical catalytic methods in early stage drug discovery.
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12
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Hassan H, Chiavaralli J, Hassan A, Bedda L, Krischuns T, Chen KY, Li ASM, Delpal A, Decroly E, Vedadi M, Naffakh N, Agou F, Mallart S, Arafa RK, Arimondo PB. Design and synthesis of naturally-inspired SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:507-519. [PMID: 36970153 PMCID: PMC10034039 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A naturally inspired chemical library of 25 molecules was synthesised guided by 3-D dimensionality and natural product likeness factors to explore a new chemical space. The synthesised chemical library, consisting of fused-bridged dodecahydro-2a,6-epoxyazepino[3,4,5-c,d]indole skeletons, followed lead likeness factors in terms of molecular weight, C-sp3 fraction and Clog P. Screening of the 25 compounds against lung cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 led to the identification of 2 hits. Although the chemical library showed cytotoxicity, the two hits (3b, 9e) showed the highest antiviral activity (EC50 values of 3.7 and 1.4 μM, respectively) with an acceptable cytotoxicity difference. Computational analysis based on docking and molecular dynamics simulations against main protein targets in SARS-CoV-2 (main protease Mpro, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, non-structural protein nsp10-nsp16 complex and RBD/ACE2 complex) were performed. The computational analysis proposed the possible binding targets to be either Mpro or the nsp10-nsp16 complex. Biological assays were performed to confirm this proposition. A cell-based assay for Mpro protease activity using a reverse-nanoluciferase (Rev-Nluc) reporter confirmed that 3b targets Mpro. These results open the way towards further hit-to-lead optimisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Hassan
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Jeanne Chiavaralli
- Institut Pasteur, Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Chemogenomic and Biological Screening platform, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Afnan Hassan
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
| | - Loay Bedda
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
| | - Tim Krischuns
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des ARN et Virus Influenza, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Kuang-Yu Chen
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des ARN et Virus Influenza, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Alice Shi Ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto Canada
| | - Adrien Delpal
- CNRS - UMR7257 - AFMB - Aix-Marseille Université Marseille France
| | - Etienne Decroly
- CNRS - UMR7257 - AFMB - Aix-Marseille Université Marseille France
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto Canada
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG) San Francisco CA USA
| | - Nadia Naffakh
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des ARN et Virus Influenza, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Fabrice Agou
- Institut Pasteur, Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Chemogenomic and Biological Screening platform, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Sergio Mallart
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
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13
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Srikanth G, Ravi A, Sebastian A, Khanfar MA, Abu-Yousef IA, Majdalawieh AF, El-Gamal MI, Alkubaisi BO, Shahin AI, Joseph J, Al-Tel TH. Stereodivergent Desymmetrization of Phenols En Route to Modular Access to Densely Functionalized Quinazoline and Oxazine Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1600-1612. [PMID: 36637399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The de novo assembly of stereochemically and skeletally diverse scaffolds is a powerful tool for the discovery of novel chemotypes. Hence, the development of modular, step- and atom-economic synthetic methods to access stereochemically and skeletally diverse compound collection is particularly important. Herein, we show a metal-free, stereodivergent build/couple/pair strategy that allows access to a unique collection of benzo[5,6][1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]quinazoline, quinolino[1,2-a]quinazoline and benzo[b]benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazine scaffolds with complete diastereocontrol and wide distribution of molecular architectures. This metal-free process proceeds via desymmetrization of phenol derivatives. The cascade unites Mannich with aza-Michael addition reactions, providing expeditious entries to diverse classes of molecular shapes in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourishetty Srikanth
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anil Ravi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anusha Sebastian
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Monther A Khanfar
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imad A Abu-Yousef
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bilal O Alkubaisi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afnan I Shahin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jobi Joseph
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Andrejević TP, Aleksic I, Kljun J, Počkaj M, Zlatar M, Vojnovic S, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Turel I, Djuran MI, Glišić BĐ. Copper(ii) and silver(i) complexes with dimethyl 6-(pyrazine-2-yl)pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate (py-2pz): the influence of the metal ion on the antimicrobial potential of the complex. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4376-4393. [PMID: 36744286 PMCID: PMC9890663 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl 6-(pyrazine-2-yl)pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate (py-2pz) was used as a ligand for the synthesis of new copper(ii) and silver(i) complexes, [CuCl2(py-2pz)]2 (1), [Cu(CF3SO3)(H2O)(py-2pz)2]CF3SO3·2H2O (2), [Ag(py-2pz)2]PF6 (3) and {[Ag(NO3)(py-2pz)]·0.5H2O} n (4). The complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, while their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray analysis revealed the bidentate coordination mode of py-2pz to the corresponding metal ion via its pyridine and pyrazine nitrogen atoms in all complexes, while in polynuclear complex 4, the heterocyclic pyrazine ring of one py-2pz additionally behaves as a bridging ligand between two Ag(i) ions. DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the structures of the investigated complexes in solution. The antimicrobial potential of the complexes 1-4 was evaluated against two bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Candida (C. albicans and C. parapsilosis) species. Silver(i) complexes 3 and 4 have shown good antibacterial and antifungal properties with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 4.9 to 39.0 μM (3.9-31.2 μg mL-1). All complexes inhibited the filamentation of C. albicans and hyphae formation, while silver(i) complexes 3 and 4 had also the ability to inhibit the biofilm formation process of this fungus. The binding affinity of the complexes 1-4 with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by fluorescence emission spectroscopy to clarify the mode of their antimicrobial activity. Catechol oxidase biomimetic catalytic activity of copper(ii) complexes 1 and 2 was additionally investigated by using 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) and o-aminophenol (OAP) as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina P Andrejević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac R. Domanovića 12 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Vojvode Stepe 444a 11042 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Večna Pot 113 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Marta Počkaj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Večna Pot 113 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Matija Zlatar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy Njegoševa 12 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Vojvode Stepe 444a 11042 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Vojvode Stepe 444a 11042 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Večna Pot 113 Ljubljana SI-1000 Slovenia
| | - Miloš I Djuran
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Knez Mihailova 35 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Biljana Đ Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac R. Domanovića 12 34000 Kragujevac Serbia
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15
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Yasui M, Ohbu H, Ishikawa M, Yoshida T, Takeda N, Hirao S, Abe T, Ueda M. Synthesis of Spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-(thi)ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1093-1106. [PMID: 36576873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-ones were synthesized via one-pot chloroformylation-dearomatizing spirocyclization of tryptamine derivatives. Moreover, the "thio" equivalent spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-thiones, for which the synthesis and properties were previously unreported, were synthesized. The procedures are easily implemented, have a broad scope, and are transition-metal-free and cheap. To demonstrate the utility of the synthetic methodology, the spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-ones were converted into heterocyclic scaffolds, such as an optically active spiroindoline and spirooxindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Haruna Ohbu
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Maho Ishikawa
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Yoshida
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Seiya Hirao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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16
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Jones SP, Firth JD, Wheldon MC, Atobe M, Hubbard RE, Blakemore DC, De Fusco C, Lucas SCC, Roughley SD, Vidler LR, Whatton MA, Woolford AJA, Wrigley GL, O'Brien P. Exploration of piperidine 3D fragment chemical space: synthesis and 3D shape analysis of fragments derived from 20 regio- and diastereoisomers of methyl substituted pipecolinates. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1614-1620. [PMID: 36545433 PMCID: PMC9749955 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery is now widely adopted for lead generation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, fragment screening collections are often predominantly populated with flat, 2D molecules. Herein, we report the synthesis of piperidine-based 3D fragment building blocks - 20 regio- and diastereoisomers of methyl substituted pipecolinates using simple and general synthetic methods. cis-Piperidines, accessed through a pyridine hydrogenation were transformed into their trans-diastereoisomers using conformational control and unified reaction conditions. Additionally, diastereoselective lithiation/trapping was utilised to access trans-piperidines. Analysis of a virtual library of fragments derived from the 20 cis- and trans-disubstituted piperidines showed that it consisted of 3D molecules with suitable molecular properties to be used in fragment-based drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Paul Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - James D. Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Mary C. Wheldon
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Masakazu Atobe
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK,Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation632-1 Mifuku, IzunokuniShizuoka 410-2321Japan
| | - Roderick E. Hubbard
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK,Vernalis (R&D) Ltd.Granta Park, AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6GBUK
| | | | - Claudia De Fusco
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Synthetic Modalities13353BerlinGermany
| | - Simon C. C. Lucas
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | | | - Lewis R. Vidler
- Amphista TherapeuticsThe Cori Building, Granta Park, Great AbingtonCambridge CB21 6GQUK
| | - Maria Ann Whatton
- Evotec (UK) LtdDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Campus, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, AbingdonOxonOX14 4RZUK
| | | | | | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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17
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Young RJ, Flitsch SL, Grigalunas M, Leeson PD, Quinn RJ, Turner NJ, Waldmann H. The Time and Place for Nature in Drug Discovery. JACS AU 2022; 2:2400-2416. [PMID: 36465532 PMCID: PMC9709949 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The case for a renewed focus on Nature in drug discovery is reviewed; not in terms of natural product screening, but how and why biomimetic molecules, especially those produced by natural processes, should deliver in the age of artificial intelligence and screening of vast collections both in vitro and in silico. The declining natural product-likeness of licensed drugs and the consequent physicochemical implications of this trend in the context of current practices are noted. To arrest these trends, the logic of seeking new bioactive agents with enhanced natural mimicry is considered; notably that molecules constructed by proteins (enzymes) are more likely to interact with other proteins (e.g., targets and transporters), a notion validated by natural products. Nature's finite number of building blocks and their interactions necessarily reduce potential numbers of structures, yet these enable expansion of chemical space with their inherent diversity of physical characteristics, pertinent to property-based design. The feasible variations on natural motifs are considered and expanded to encompass pseudo-natural products, leading to the further logical step of harnessing bioprocessing routes to access them. Together, these offer opportunities for enhancing natural mimicry, thereby bringing innovation to drug synthesis exploiting the characteristics of natural recognition processes. The potential for computational guidance to help identifying binding commonalities in the route map is a logical opportunity to enable the design of tailored molecules, with a focus on "organic/biological" rather than purely "synthetic" structures. The design and synthesis of prototype structures should pay dividends in the disposition and efficacy of the molecules, while inherently enabling greener and more sustainable manufacturing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Paul D. Leeson
- Paul
Leeson Consulting Limited, The Malt House, Main Street, Congerstone, Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV13 6LZ, U.K.
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical
University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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18
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Bon M, Bilsland A, Bower J, McAulay K. Fragment-based drug discovery-the importance of high-quality molecule libraries. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3761-3777. [PMID: 35749608 PMCID: PMC9627785 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is now established as a complementary approach to high-throughput screening (HTS). Contrary to HTS, where large libraries of drug-like molecules are screened, FBDD screens involve smaller and less complex molecules which, despite a low affinity to protein targets, display more 'atom-efficient' binding interactions than larger molecules. Fragment hits can, therefore, serve as a more efficient start point for subsequent optimisation, particularly for hard-to-drug targets. Since the number of possible molecules increases exponentially with molecular size, small fragment libraries allow for a proportionately greater coverage of their respective 'chemical space' compared with larger HTS libraries comprising larger molecules. However, good library design is essential to ensure optimal chemical and pharmacophore diversity, molecular complexity, and physicochemical characteristics. In this review, we describe our views on fragment library design, and on what constitutes a good fragment from a medicinal and computational chemistry perspective. We highlight emerging chemical and computational technologies in FBDD and discuss strategies for optimising fragment hits. The impact of novel FBDD approaches is already being felt, with the recent approval of the covalent KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib highlighting the utility of FBDD against targets that were long considered undruggable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bon
- Cancer Research HorizonsCancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Cancer Research HorizonsCancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Justin Bower
- Cancer Research HorizonsCancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Kirsten McAulay
- Cancer Research HorizonsCancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
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19
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Lorthioir O, Demanze S, Nassoy AC. Blue light enabled access to novel (hetero)aromatic bridged pyrrolidine alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Vandyshev DY, Shikhaliev KS. Recyclization of Maleimides by Binucleophiles as a General Approach for Building Hydrogenated Heterocyclic Systems. Molecules 2022; 27:5268. [PMID: 36014507 PMCID: PMC9416709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The building of heterocyclic systems containing hydrogenated fragments is an important step towards the creation of biologically-active compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. Among the numerous methods for creating such systems, a special place is occupied by processes using N-substituted maleimides as the initial substrate. This molecule easily reacts in Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reactions, Michael additions with various nucleophiles, and co-polymerization processes, as have been described in numerous detailed reviews. However, information on the use of maleimides in cascade heterocyclization reactions is currently limited. This study is devoted to a review and analysis of existing literature data on the processes of recyclization of N-substituted maleimides with various C,N-/N,N-/S,N-di- and polynucleophilic agents, such as amidines, guanidines, diamines, aliphatic ketazines, aminouracils, amino- and mercaptoazoles, aminothiourea, and thiocarbomoyl pyrazolines, among others. The significant structural diversity of the recyclization products described in this study illustrates the powerful potential of maleimides as a building block in the organic synthesis of biologically-active compounds with hydrogenated heterocyclic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Yu. Vandyshev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Khidmet S. Shikhaliev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- TekhnoKhim, 50 Let Sovetskoi Vlasti Str. 8, 394050 Voronezh, Russia
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21
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Carbery A, Skyner R, von Delft F, Deane CM. Fragment Libraries Designed to Be Functionally Diverse Recover Protein Binding Information More Efficiently Than Standard Structurally Diverse Libraries. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11404-11413. [PMID: 35960886 PMCID: PMC9421645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current fragment-based drug design relies on the efficient exploration of chemical space by using structurally diverse libraries of small fragments. However, structurally dissimilar compounds can exploit the same interactions and thus be functionally similar. Using three-dimensional structures of many fragments bound to multiple targets, we examined if a better strategy for selecting fragments for screening libraries exists. We show that structurally diverse fragments can be described as functionally redundant, often making the same interactions. Ranking fragments by the number of novel interactions they made, we show that functionally diverse selections of fragments substantially increase the amount of information recovered for unseen targets compared to the amounts recovered by other methods of selection. Using these results, we design small functionally efficient libraries that can give significantly more information about new protein targets than similarly sized structurally diverse libraries. By covering more functional space, we can generate more diverse sets of drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carbery
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, U.K.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Rachael Skyner
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Frank von Delft
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.,Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Charlotte M Deane
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, U.K
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22
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Cihan-Üstündağ G, Acar Ç, Naesens L, Erköse-Genç G, Şatana D. Synthesis of new N-(3-oxo-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives and evaluation of their anti-influenza virus and antitubercular activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200224. [PMID: 35849096 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We here report the synthesis, structural characterization, and evaluation of the antiviral and antitubercular activities of a novel series of hybrid spirothiazolidinone derivatives (2a-f and 3a-f) containing the nicotinohydrazide moiety, which is an isomer form of the approved antitubercular drug isoniazid. When evaluated for activity against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B viruses, three of the new compounds proved to possess specific antiviral activity against the influenza A/H3N2 virus. The most active analog 3a, bearing a 2,8-dimethyl group at the spiro ring, displayed an antiviral EC50 value of 5.2 µM. Compound 3a produced no cytotoxicity at 100 µM, the highest concentration tested, giving a selectivity index of at least 19. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that the absence of the methyl substituent at the 2-position and the presence of a bulky substituent at the 8-position of the spirothiazolidinone system caused a significant decrease in antiviral activity. The in vitro antitubercular activity of compounds 2a-f and 3a-f was determined for six different drug-sensitive/drug-resistant laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 2c, 2d, 3b, 3c, and 3d showed weak antitubercular activity against different strains, with MIC values of 125-250 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Cihan-Üstündağ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Acar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gonca Erköse-Genç
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Şatana
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Klein HF, Hamilton DJ, J. P. de Esch I, Wijtmans M, O'Brien P. Escape from planarity in fragment-based drug discovery: a synthetic strategy analysis of synthetic 3D fragment libraries. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2484-2496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Li CY, Xiang M, Li WS, Zhang J, Zou Y, Wan WJ, Wang LX. Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Mannich Reaction between Benzothiazolimines and α‐Benzylidene Succinimides for the Preparation of Chiral Benzothiazol Succinimides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Min Xiang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Wen-Sheng Li
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Ying Zou
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Wen-Juan Wan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province CHINA
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis & Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province No.9 Section 4,Renmin Nan Road,Chengdu, 610041 Chengdu CHINA
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Abstract
This review deals with the synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloids containing partially or completely saturated pyrimidine nuclei. The interest in these compounds is associated with their structural diversity, high biological activity and toxicity. The review is divided into four parts, each of which describes a number of synthetic methodologies toward structurally different naturally occurring alkaloids containing saturated cyclic six-membered amidine, guanidine, aminal and urea (thiourea) moieties, respectively. The development of various synthetic strategies for the preparation of these compounds has remarkably increased during the past few decades. This is primarily due to the fact that some of these compounds are isolated only in limited quantities, which makes it practically impossible to study their full structural characteristics and biological activity.
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26
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Liu YL, Wang XP, Wei J, Li Y. Synthesis of oxindoles bearing a stereogenic 3-fluorinated carbon center from 3-fluorooxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:538-552. [PMID: 34935824 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01964c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
3,3-Disubstituted oxindoles bearing a stereogenic 3-fluorinated carbon center are privileged structural motifs present in many bioactive molecules. The straightforward functionalization of 3-fluorooxindoles constitutes a powerful method for the synthesis of 3-fully substituted 3-fluorooxindoles, taking advantage of the ease of preparation of 3-fluorooxindoles with different substitution patterns and the atom efficiency of chemical reactions. In the past decade, many papers have appeared on the synthesis of 3-fully substituted 3-fluorooxindoles from 3-fluorooxindoles. Importantly, many asymmetric catalytic methods have been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of these valuable compounds. This review summarizes the achievements in this area, and overviews synthetic opportunities that still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Jie Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Ya Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China. .,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
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27
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Ueda H, Wipf P, Nakamura H. Synthesis of sp 3-rich chiral bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes for chemical space expansion and study of biological activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 54:116561. [PMID: 34920311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral sp3-rich bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffolds 10-12 were synthesized as single diastereomers from aldehyde 9, which was prepared from 4,4-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dienone through a copper-catalyzed enantioselective reduction. Three different types of intramolecular addition reactions were studied: SmI2-mediated reductive cyclization, base-promoted aldol reaction, and one-pot Mannich reaction. We succeeded in introducing three side-chains to scaffold 11 and construct an sp3-rich compound library in both enantiomeric variants by simply changing the chirality of the ligands. The biological evaluation revealed that all synthesized compounds exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcriptional activity, with IC50 values in the range of 17.2-31.7 µM, whereas their effects on cell viability were varied (IC50 = 3.5 to > 100 µM). The most active compound 16f inhibits the accumulation of HIF-1α protein and mRNA in hypoxia, indicating that it has a mechanism of action distinctly different from other known compounds bearing the common bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueda
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta‑cho, Midori‑ku, Yokohama 226‑8501, Japan
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta‑cho, Midori‑ku, Yokohama 226‑8501, Japan; Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta‑cho, Midori‑ku, Yokohama 226‑8503, Japan.
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28
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Zhang J, Xia W, Qu M, Huda S, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Albrecht M. Synthesis of Polycyclic Indolines by Utilizing a Reduction/Cyclization Cascade Reaction. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Wei Xia
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Meilin Qu
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Saskia Huda
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Jas S. Ward
- University of Jyvaskyla Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
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29
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Kiss L, Benke Z, Nonn M, Remete AM, Fustero S. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Alicycles across Dipolar Cycloaddition/Metathesis Reaction. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis Account gives an insight into the selective functionalization of some readily available commercial cyclodienes across simple chemical transformations into functionalized small-molecular scaffolds. The syntheses involved selective cycloadditions, followed by ring-opening metathesis (ROM) of the resulting azetidin-2-one derivatives or isoxazoline frameworks and selective cross metathesis (CM) by discrimination of the C=C bonds on the alkenylated heterocycles. The CM protocols have been described when investigated under various conditions with the purpose on exploring chemodifferentiation of the olefin bonds and a study on the access of the corresponding functionalized β-lactam or isoxazoline derivatives is presented. Due to the expanding importance of organofluorine chemistry in drug research as well as of the high biological potential of β-lactam derivatives several illustrative examples to the access of some fluorine-containing molecular entities is also presented in this synopsis.1 Introduction2 Ring C=C Bond Functionalization of Some Cycloalkene β-Amino Acid Derivatives across Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate Cycloaddition3 Ring C=C Bond Functionalization of Some Cycloalkene β-Amino Acid Derivatives across Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition4 Ring C=C Bond Functionalization of Some Cycloalkene β-Amino Acid Derivatives across Metathesis5 Functionalization of sSome Cyclodienes across Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition6 Selective Synthesis of Functionalized Alicycles across Ring-Opening Metathesis7 Selective Synthesis of Functionalized Alicycles through Cross Metathesis8 Summary and Outlook9 List of Abbreviations
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Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Zsanett Benke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Melinda Nonn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Attila M. Remete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Pharmacy Faculty
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30
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Chen F, Zhu C, Yang Z, Liu C, Zeng H, Wu W, Jiang H. C–H Amination Enabled [2+1+1+1] Annulation Reaction in Water: Access to Benzoxazoles. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chuanle Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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31
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Youf R, Müller M, Balasini A, Thétiot F, Müller M, Hascoët A, Jonas U, Schönherr H, Lemercier G, Montier T, Le Gall T. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Latest Developments with a Focus on Combinatory Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1995. [PMID: 34959277 PMCID: PMC8705969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a fundamental tool in modern therapeutics, notably due to the expanding versatility of photosensitizers (PSs) and the numerous possibilities to combine aPDT with other antimicrobial treatments to combat localized infections. After revisiting the basic principles of aPDT, this review first highlights the current state of the art of curative or preventive aPDT applications with relevant clinical trials. In addition, the most recent developments in photochemistry and photophysics as well as advanced carrier systems in the context of aPDT are provided, with a focus on the latest generations of efficient and versatile PSs and the progress towards hybrid-multicomponent systems. In particular, deeper insight into combinatory aPDT approaches is afforded, involving non-radiative or other light-based modalities. Selected aPDT perspectives are outlined, pointing out new strategies to target and treat microorganisms. Finally, the review works out the evolution of the conceptually simple PDT methodology towards a much more sophisticated, integrated, and innovative technology as an important element of potent antimicrobial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Youf
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Max Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ali Balasini
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (A.B.); (U.J.)
| | - Franck Thétiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6521, Université de Brest (UBO), CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Alizé Hascoët
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (A.B.); (U.J.)
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- Coordination Chemistry Team, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7312, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Tristan Montier
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
- CHRU de Brest, Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Maladies Neuromusculaires, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Tony Le Gall
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
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32
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Maliszewska HK, Arnau Del Valle C, Xia Y, Marín MJ, Waller ZAE, Muñoz MP. Precious metal complexes of bis(pyridyl)allenes: synthesis and catalytic and medicinal applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16739-16750. [PMID: 34761768 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of donor-type substituents on the allene core opens up the possibility of coordination complexes in which the metal is bonded to the donor groups, with or without interaction with the double bond system. Despite the challenges in the synthesis of such allene-containing metal complexes, their unique 3D environments and dual functionality (allene and metal) could facilitate catalysis and interaction with chemical and biological systems. Bis(pyridyl)allenes are presented here as robust ligands for novel Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) complexes. Their synthesis, characterisation and first application as catalysts of benchmark reactions for Pd, Pt and Au are presented with interesting reactivity and selectivities. The complexes have also been probed as antimicrobial and anticancer agents with promising activities, and the first studies on their unusual interaction with several DNA structures will open new avenues for research in the area of metallodrugs with new mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Maliszewska
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Carla Arnau Del Valle
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Ying Xia
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Zoë A E Waller
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Anderson JM, Measom ND, Murphy JA, Poole DL. Bridge Functionalisation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Anderson
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Nicholas D. Measom
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
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34
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Anderson JM, Measom ND, Murphy JA, Poole DL. Bridge Functionalisation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24754-24769. [PMID: 34151501 PMCID: PMC9291545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
"Escaping from flatland", by increasing the saturation level and three-dimensionality of drug-like compounds, can enhance their potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile. One approach that has attracted considerable recent attention is the bioisosteric replacement of aromatic rings, internal alkynes and tert-butyl groups with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) units. While functionalisation of the tertiary bridgehead positions of BCP derivatives is well-documented, functionalisation of the three concyclic secondary bridge positions remains an emerging field. The unique properties of the BCP core present considerable synthetic challenges to the development of such transformations. However, the bridge positions provide novel vectors for drug discovery and applications in materials science, providing entry to novel chemical and intellectual property space. This Minireview aims to consolidate the major advances in the field, serving as a useful reference to guide further work that is expected in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Anderson
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryWestCHEMUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowScotlandG1 1XLUK
| | - Nicholas D. Measom
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryWestCHEMUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowScotlandG1 1XLUK
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageHertfordshireSG1 2NYUK
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35
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Transfer of photochemistry from UV to visible: An expedient access to a bridged pyrrolidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Vásquez AF, Muñoz AR, Duitama J, González Barrios A. Non-Extensive Fragmentation of Natural Products and Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening as a Practical Approach to Identify Novel Promising Chemical Scaffolds. Front Chem 2021; 9:700802. [PMID: 34422762 PMCID: PMC8377161 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.700802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug design (FBDD) and pharmacophore modeling have proven to be efficient tools to discover novel drugs. However, these approaches may become limited if the collection of fragments is highly repetitive, poorly diverse, or excessively simple. In this article, combining pharmacophore modeling and a non-classical type of fragmentation (herein called non-extensive) to screen a natural product (NP) library may provide fragments predicted as potent, diverse, and developable. Initially, we applied retrosynthetic combinatorial analysis procedure (RECAP) rules in two versions, extensive and non-extensive, in order to deconstruct a virtual library of NPs formed by the databases Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), AfroDb (African Medicinal Plants database), NuBBE (Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products), and UEFS (Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana). We then developed a virtual screening (VS) using two groups of natural-product-derived fragments (extensive and non-extensive NPDFs) and two overlapping pharmacophore models for each of 20 different proteins of therapeutic interest. Molecular weight, lipophilicity, and molecular complexity were estimated and compared for both types of NPDFs (and their original NPs) before and after the VS proceedings. As a result, we found that non-extensive NPDFs exhibited a much higher number of chemical entities compared to extensive NPDFs (45,355 vs. 11,525 compounds), accounting for the larger part of the hits recovered and being far less repetitive than extensive NPDFs. The structural diversity of both types of NPDFs and the NPs was shown to diminish slightly after VS procedures. Finally, and most interestingly, the pharmacophore fit score of the non-extensive NPDFs proved to be not only higher, on average, than extensive NPDFs (56% of cases) but also higher than their original NPs (69% of cases) when all of them were also recognized as hits after the VS. The findings obtained in this study indicated that the proposed cascade approach was useful to enhance the probability of identifying innovative chemical scaffolds, which deserve further development to become drug-sized candidate compounds. We consider that the knowledge about the deconstruction degree required to produce NPDFs of interest represents a good starting point for eventual synthesis, characterization, and biological activity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Vásquez
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Naturalius S.A.S, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Reyes Muñoz
- Grupo de Biología Computacional y Ecología Microbiana (BCEM), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Duitama
- Systems and Computing Engineering Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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New 2,3-Benzodiazepine Derivative: Synthesis, Activity on Central Nervous System, and Toxicity Study in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080814. [PMID: 34451911 PMCID: PMC8401732 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design and synthesis of a new diazepine derivative, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2,3-benzodiazepin-1-one (VBZ102), and the evaluation of its anxiolytic-like profile, memory impairment effect, and toxicity in Swiss mice. VBZ102 was evaluated for central nervous system effects in an open field, light–dark box, and novel object recognition tests under oral administration for acute and sub-acute treatment. We tested the VBZ102 toxicity in mice through a determination of LD50 values and examination of the biochemical and histopathological parameters. The VBZ102 induced an anxiolytic effect at different doses both in the light–dark box and open field tests. Unlike other benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam), a sedative effect was noted only after administration of the VBZ102 at 10.0 mg/kg.
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38
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Huang QW, Qi T, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li QZ, Gou C, Tao YM, Leng HJ, Li JL. Lewis Acid/Brønsted Base-Assisted Palladium Catalysis: Stereoselective Construction of Skeletally Diverse Spiro-Ketolactams from Vinylethylene Carbonates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wei Huang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ting Qi
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chuan Gou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ying-Mao Tao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Abstract
Metal complexes have been widely used for applications in the chemical and physical sciences due to their unique electronic and stereochemical properties. For decades the use of metal complexes for medicinal applications has been postulated and demonstrated. The distinct characteristics of metal complexes, including their molecular geometries (that are not readily accessed by organic molecules), as well as their ligand exchange, redox, catalytic, and photophysical reactions, give these compounds the potential to interact and react with biomolecules in unique ways and by distinct mechanisms of action. Herein, the potential of metal complexes to act as components bioactive therapeutic compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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40
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Collin DE, Kovacic K, Light ME, Linclau B. Synthesis of Ortho-Functionalized 1,4-Cubanedicarboxylate Derivatives through Photochemical Chlorocarbonylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:5164-5169. [PMID: 34133174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cubane ring has received intense attention as a 3D benzene isostere and scaffold. Mono- and 1,4-disubstituted cubanes are well-described. Here we report a practical procedure for a direct radical-mediated chlorocarbonylation process initially reported by Bashir-Hashemi, to access a range of 2-substituted 1,4-cubanedicarboxylic ester derivatives. A subsequent regioselective ester hydrolysis to give fully differentiated 1,2,4-trisubstituted cubanes is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Collin
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kovacic
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Light
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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41
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Munteanu AC, Uivarosi V. Ruthenium Complexes in the Fight against Pathogenic Microorganisms. An Extensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:874. [PMID: 34199283 PMCID: PMC8232020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant populations of microorganisms. Clearly, one can see the need to develop new, more effective, antimicrobial agents that go beyond the explored 'chemical space'. In this regard, their unique modes of action (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox activation, ligand exchange, depletion of substrates involved in vital cellular processes) render metal complexes as promising drug candidates. Several Ru (II/III) complexes have been included in, or are currently undergoing, clinical trials as anticancer agents. Based on the in-depth knowledge of their chemical properties and biological behavior, the interest in developing new ruthenium compounds as antibiotic, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral drugs has risen. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ru (II/III) frameworks as antimicrobial agents. Some aspects regarding the relationship between their chemical structure and mechanism of action, cellular localization, and/or metabolism of the ruthenium complexes in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are discussed as well. Regarding the antiviral activity, in light of current events related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ru (II/III) compounds used against SARS-CoV-2 (e.g., BOLD-100) are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Munteanu
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Uivarosi
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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42
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Yu B, Zou S, Huang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Reaction for the Synthesis of Saturated N-Heterocycles with Aminodienes and N,O-Acetals. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7849-7863. [PMID: 34030442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient palladium-catalyzed ring-closing reaction of aminodienes with N,O-acetals for the synthesis of saturated N-heterocycles is described. The reaction is consistently operated at room temperature and tolerates a wide range of functional groups with volatile MeOH as the sole byproduct. This method provides rapid and practical access to a broad range of saturated N-heterocycles with diverse structural backbones that are useful building blocks in natural product synthesis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangkui Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Suchen Zou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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43
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Bakhtiari A, Safaei‐Ghomi J, Teymuri R. Green sonosynthesis of pyridopyrimidines using heterogeneous Pd‐containing catalysts anchored on a hybrid organic–inorganic surface of
SBA
‐15. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Bakhtiari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Javad Safaei‐Ghomi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Raheleh Teymuri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Kashan Kashan Iran
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44
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Benke Z, Remete AM, Semghouli A, Kiss L. Selective Functionalization of Norbornadiene Through Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition/Ring‐Opening/Cross‐Metathesis Protocols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Benke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
- University of Szeged Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
| | - Attila M. Remete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
- University of Szeged Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
| | - Anas Semghouli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
- University of Szeged Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
- University of Szeged Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
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45
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Boylan A, Nguyen TS, Lundy BJ, Li JY, Vallakati R, Sundstrom S, May JA. Rate Dependence on Inductive and Resonance Effects for the Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Alkenyl and Alkynyl Boronic Acids to β-Indolyl Enones and β-Pyrrolyl Enones. Molecules 2021; 26:1615. [PMID: 33799473 PMCID: PMC8000498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two key factors bear on reaction rates for the conjugate addition of alkenyl boronic acids to heteroaryl-appended enones: the proximity of inductively electron-withdrawing heteroatoms to the site of bond formation and the resonance contribution of available heteroatom lone pairs to stabilize the developing positive charge at the enone β-position. For the former, the closer the heteroatom is to the enone β-carbon, the faster the reaction. For the latter, greater resonance stabilization of the benzylic cationic charge accelerates the reaction. Thus, reaction rates are increased by the closer proximity of inductive electron-withdrawing elements, but if resonance effects are involved, then increased rates are observed with electron-donating ability. Evidence for these trends in isomeric substrates is presented, and the application of these insights has allowed for reaction conditions that provide improved reactivity with previously problematic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Boylan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Thien S. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Brian J. Lundy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Baker Hughes, 17021 Aldine Westfield Rd, Houston, TX 77073, USA
| | - Jian-Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ravikrishna Vallakati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Vallark Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Genome Valley, Turkapally, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sasha Sundstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor Sciences Bldg. D.208, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jeremy A. May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
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46
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Caplin MJ, Foley DJ. Emergent synthetic methods for the modular advancement of sp 3-rich fragments. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4646-4660. [PMID: 34168751 PMCID: PMC8179648 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00161b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery is an important and increasingly reliable technology for the delivery of clinical candidates. Notably, however, sp3-rich fragments are a largely untapped resource in molecular discovery, in part due to the lack of general and suitably robust chemical methods available to aid their development into higher affinity lead and drug compounds. This Perspective describes the challenges associated with developing sp3-rich fragments, and succinctly highlights recent advances in C(sp3)-H functionalisations of high potential value towards advancing fragment hits by 'growing' functionalised rings and chains from unconventional, carbon-centred vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J Caplin
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Daniel J Foley
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
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47
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Dell’Amico L, Mateos J, Cuadros S, Vega-Peñaloza A. Unlocking the Synthetic Potential of Light-Excited Aryl Ketones: Applications in Direct Photochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1403-4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this Account, we summarize the contributions of our group to the field of photochemistry and photocatalysis. Our work deals with the development of novel synthetic methods based on the exploitation of photoexcited aryl ketones. The application of new technologies, such as microfluidic photoreactors (MFPs), has enhanced the synthetic performance and scalability of several photochemical methods, e.g., Paternò–Büchi and photoenolization/Diels–Alder processes, while opening the way to unprecedented reactivity. In addition, careful mechanistic analysis of the developed methods has been instrumental in disclosing a new family of powerful organic photocatalysts that can mediate several thermodynamically extreme photoredox processes.1 Introduction1.1 Shining Light on Aryl Ketones: From the Historical Background to Recent Synthetic Applications1.2 Preliminary Mechanistic Considerations2 Synthetic Transformations Driven by Triplet State Benzophenones3 Synthetic Transformations Driven by Triplet State o-Alkyl-Substituted Benzophenones4 The Evolution of Aryl-Ketone-Derived Products: Applications in Organophotoredox Catalysis5 Conclusions and Future Directions
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48
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Rice S, Cox DJ, Marsden SP, Nelson A. Efficient unified synthesis of diverse bridged polycyclic scaffolds using a complexity-generating 'stitching' annulation approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:599-602. [PMID: 33345263 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06975b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective and stereospecific directed C-H arylation of simple amine substrates, and cyclisation, delivered 30 diverse, three-dimensional scaffolds. The unified approach significantly expanded the range of bridged ring systems that contain both a nitrogen atom and an aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Rice
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Daniel J Cox
- Redbrick Molecular, The Innovation Centre, 217 Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK
| | | | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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49
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Hamilton DJ, Dekker T, Klein HF, Janssen GV, Wijtmans M, O'Brien P, de Esch IJP. Escape from planarity in fragment-based drug discovery: A physicochemical and 3D property analysis of synthetic 3D fragment libraries. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 38:77-90. [PMID: 34895643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has grown into a well-established approach in the pursuit of new therapeutics. Key to the success of FBDD is the low molecular complexity of the initial hits and this has resulted in fragment libraries that mainly contain compounds with a two-dimensional (2D) shape. In an effort to increase the chemical diversity and explore the impact of increased molecular complexity on the hit rate of fragment library screening, several academic and industrial groups have designed and synthesised novel fragments with a three-dimensional (3D) shape. This review provides an overview of 25 synthetic 3D fragment libraries from the recent literature. We calculate and compare physicochemical properties and descriptors that are typically used to measure molecular three-dimensionality such as fraction sp3 (Fsp3), plane of best fit (PBF) scores and principal moment of inertia (PMI) plots. Although the libraries vary widely in structure and properties, some key common features can be identified which may have utility in designing the next generation of 3D fragment libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hamilton
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Dekker
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna F Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Guido V Janssen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Iwan J P de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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50
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Lorthioir O, Greenwood RD, Lister A, Tucker MJ. An efficient and flexible route to novel triazolopiperazine scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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