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Zhang Z, Yao J, Jiang Z, Huang X, Wang S, Xu F. Golgi-localized APYRASE 1 is critical for Arabidopsis growth by affecting cell wall integrity under boron deficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14320. [PMID: 38686642 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Many nucleoside triphosphate-diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases/APYRASEs, APYs) play a key role in modulating extracellular nucleotide levels. However, the Golgi-localized APYs, which help control glycosylation, have rarely been studied. Here, we identified AtAPY1, a gene encoding an NTPDase in the Golgi apparatus, which is required for cell wall integrity and plant growth under boron (B) limited availability. Loss of function in AtAPY1 hindered cell elongation and division in root tips while increasing the number of cortical cell layers, leading to swelling of the root tip and abundant root hairs under low B stress. Further, expression pattern analysis revealed that B deficiency significantly induced AtAPY1, especially in the root meristem and stele. Fluorescent-labeled AtAPY1-GFP localized to the Golgi stack. Biochemical analysis showed that AtAPY1 exhibited a preference of UDP and GDP hydrolysis activities. Consequently, the loss of function in AtAPY1 might disturb the homoeostasis of NMP-driven NDP-sugar transport, which was closely related to the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides. Further, cell wall-composition analysis showed that pectin content increased and borate-dimerized RG-II decreased in apy1 mutants, along with a decrease in cellulose content. Eventually, altered polysaccharide characteristics presumably cause growth defects in apy1 mutants under B deficiency. Altogether, these data strongly support a novel role for AtAPY1 in mediating responses to low B availability by regulating cell wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinliang Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhexuan Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - XinXuan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Sun H, Sun J, Yuan Z, Li F, Li X, Li J, Du Y, Wang F. A Tos17 transposon insertion in OsCesA9 causes brittle culm in rice. Gene 2024; 890:147818. [PMID: 37739196 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical strength of rice stalks plays an important role in rice growth and development. In this study, the brittle culm mutant bc26 was identified from a tissue culture-derived line of the japonica rice cultivar 'ZH15'. bc26 plants showed fragile leaves and stalks and reduced plant height and spike number compared with wild-type 'ZH15'. Analysis of cell wall components revealed that the cellulose content of stems, leaves, roots and spikes of bc26 plants was significantly lower than that of the wild type, while the hemicellulose content in these tissues of bc26 plants was significantly higher than that of the wild type. Further sequencing using a mixed pool bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq) of brittle plants from the F2 populations localized the bc26 gene to chromosome 9, and a Tos17 transposon insertion in the bc6 gene near the highest SNP-index point was associated with a loss of gene function. Therefore, the bc26 gene was tentatively identified as a new allele of the Bc6 gene, resulting in the brittle culm trait caused by the insertion of the Tos17 transposon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzheng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Jiajun Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Zeke Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Fuhao Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Xinrong Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Junzhou Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yanxiu Du
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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3
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Lv S, Lin Z, Shen J, Luo L, Xu Q, Li L, Gui J. OsTCP19 coordinates inhibition of lignin biosynthesis and promotion of cellulose biosynthesis to modify lodging resistance in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:123-136. [PMID: 37724960 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Lignin and cellulose are two essential elements of plant secondary cell walls that shape the mechanical characteristics of the culm to prevent lodging. However, how the regulation of the lignin and cellulose composition is combined to achieve optimal mechanical characteristics is unclear. Here, we show that increasing OsTCP19 expression in rice coordinately repressed lignin biosynthesis and promoted cellulose biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced lodging resistance. In contrast, repression of OsTCP19 coordinately promoted lignin biosynthesis and inhibited cellulose biosynthesis, leading to greater susceptibility to lodging. We found that OsTCP19 binds to the promoters of both MYB108 and MYB103L to increase their expression, with the former being responsible for repressing lignin biosynthesis and the latter for promoting cellulose biosynthesis. Moreover, up-regulation of OsTCP19 in fibers improved grain yield and lodging resistance. Thus, our results identify the OsTCP19-OsMYB108/OsMYB103L module as a key regulator of lignin and cellulose production in rice, and open up the possibility for precisely manipulating lignin-cellulose composition to improve culm mechanical properties for lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Lv
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zengshun Lin
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junhui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laifu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingguo Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinshan Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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4
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Rodrigues V, Deusdado S. Meta-learning approach for bacteria classification and identification of informative genes of the Bacillus megaterium: tomato roots tissue interaction. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:271. [PMID: 37449251 PMCID: PMC10335980 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are bacteria that colonize the plant roots. These beneficial bacteria have an influence on plant development through multiple mechanisms, such as nutrient availability, alleviating biotic and abiotic stress, and secrete phytohormones. Therefore, their inoculation constitutes a powerful tool towards sustainable agriculture and crop production. To understand plant-PGPRs interaction we present the classification of PGPR using machine learning and meta-learning classifiers namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Kernel Logistic Regression (KLR), meta-SVM and meta-KLR to predict the presence of Bacillus megaterium inoculated in tomato root tissues using publicly available transcriptomic data. The original dataset presents 36 significantly differentially expressed genes. As the meta-KLR achieved near-optimal performance considering all the relevant metrics, this meta learner was afterwards used to identify the informative genes (IGs). The outcomes showed 157 IGs, being present all significantly differentially expressed genes previously identified. Among the IGs, 113 were identified as tomato genes, 5 as Bacillus subtilis proteins, 1 as Escherichia coli protein and 6 were unidentified. Then, a functional enrichment analysis of the tomato IGs showed 175 biological processes, 22 molecular functions and 20 KEGG pathways involved in B. megaterium-tomato interaction. Furthermore, the biological networks study of their Arabidopsis thaliana orthologous genes identified the co-expression, predicted interaction, shared protein domains and co-localization networks. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03690-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sérgio Deusdado
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, CIMO—Centro de Investigação de Montanha, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
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5
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Guo B, Huang X, Qi J, Sun H, Lv C, Wang F, Zhu J, Xu R. Brittle culm 3, encoding a cellulose synthase subunit 5, is required for cell wall biosynthesis in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989406. [PMID: 36507388 PMCID: PMC9726912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall plays an important role in plant mechanical strength. Cellulose is the major component of plant cell walls and provides the most abundant renewable biomass resource for biofuels on earth. Mutational analysis showed that cellulose synthase (CESA) genes are critical in cell wall biosynthesis in cereal crops like rice. However, their role has not been fully elucidated in barley. In this study, we isolated a brittle culm mutant brittle culm 3 (bc3) derived from Yangnongpi 5 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in barley. The bc3 mutants exhibited reduced mechanical strength of the culms due to impaired thickening of the sclerenchyma cell wall and reduced cellulose and hemicellulose content in the culms. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning revealed that the bc3 mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene and harbored a point mutation in the HvCESA5 gene, generating a premature stop codon near the N-terminal of the protein. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the HvCESA5 gene is predominantly expressed in the culms and co-expressed with HvCESA4 and HvCESA8, consistent with the brittle culm phenotype of the bc3 mutant. These results indicate that the truncated HvCESA5 affects cell wall biosynthesis leading to a brittle culm phenotype. Our findings provide evidence for the important role of HvCESA5 in cell wall biosynthesis pathway and could be a potential target to modify cell wall in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Genome-wide association study identifies a gene responsible for temperature-dependent rice germination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5665. [PMID: 36175401 PMCID: PMC9523024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Environment is an important determinant of agricultural productivity; therefore, crops have been bred with traits adapted to their environment. It is assumed that the physiology of seed germination is optimised for various climatic conditions. Here, to understand the genetic basis underlying seed germination, we conduct a genome-wide association study considering genotype-by-environment interactions on the germination rate of Japanese rice cultivars under different temperature conditions. We find that a 4 bp InDel in one of the 14-3-3 family genes, GF14h, preferentially changes the germination rate of rice under optimum temperature conditions. The GF14h protein constitutes a transcriptional regulatory module with a bZIP-type transcription factor, OREB1, and a florigen-like protein, MOTHER OF FT AND TFL 2, to control the germination rate by regulating abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes. The GF14h loss-of-function allele enhances ABA signalling and reduces the germination rate. This allele is found in rice varieties grown in the northern area and in modern cultivars of Japan and China, suggesting that it contributes to the geographical adaptation of rice. This study demonstrates the complicated molecular system involved in the regulation of seed germination in response to temperature, which has allowed rice to be grown in various geographical locations.
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7
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Liu C, Ma T, Yuan D, Zhou Y, Long Y, Li Z, Dong Z, Duan M, Yu D, Jing Y, Bai X, Wang Y, Hou Q, Liu S, Zhang J, Chen S, Li D, Liu X, Li Z, Wang W, Li J, Wei X, Ma B, Wan X. The OsEIL1-OsERF115-target gene regulatory module controls grain size and weight in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1470-1486. [PMID: 35403801 PMCID: PMC9342608 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is one of the essential determinants of rice yield. Our previous studies revealed that ethylene plays an important role in grain-size control; however, the precise mechanism remains to be determined. Here, we report that the ethylene response factor OsERF115 functions as a key downstream regulator for ethylene-mediated grain development. OsERF115 encodes an AP2/ERF-type transcriptional factor that is specifically expressed in young spikelets and developing caryopses. Overexpression of OsERF115 significantly increases grain length, width, thickness and weight by promoting longitudinal elongation and transverse division of spikelet hull cells, as well as enhancing grain-filling activity, whereas its knockout mutations lead to the opposite effects, suggesting that OsERF115 positively regulates grain size and weight. OsERF115 transcription is strongly induced by ethylene, and OsEIL1 directly binds to the promoter to activate its expression. OsERF115 acts as a transcriptional repressor to directly or indirectly modulate a set of grain-size genes during spikelet growth and endosperm development. Importantly, haplotype analysis reveals that the SNP variations in the EIN3-binding sites of OsERF115 promoter are significantly associated with the OsERF115 expression levels and grain weight, suggesting that natural variations in the OsERF115 promoter contribute to grain-size diversity. In addition, the OsERF115 orthologues are identified only in grass species, implying a conserved and unique role in the grain development of cereal crops. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of ethylene-mediated grain-size control and a potential strategy based on the OsEIL1-OsERF115-target gene regulatory module for genetic improvement of rice yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Tian Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dingyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CentreChangshaChina
- College of AgronomyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan Long
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Ziwen Li
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Meijuan Duan
- College of AgronomyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Dong Yu
- College of AgronomyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yizhi Jing
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyue Bai
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Quancan Hou
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shou‐Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dayong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijing Vegetable Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Xue Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijing Vegetable Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinping Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Xun Wei
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Biao Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
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8
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Wang P, Yamaji N, Ma JF. A Golgi-localized glycosyltransferase, OsGT14;1, is required for growth of both roots and shoots in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:923-935. [PMID: 35791277 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) form a large family in plants and are important enzymes for the synthesis of various polysaccharides, but only a few members have been functionally characterized. Here, through mutant screening with gene mapping, we found that an Oryza sativa (rice) mutant with a short-root phenotype was caused by a frame-shift mutation of a gene (OsGT14;1) belonging to the glycosyltransferase gene family 14. Further analysis indicated that the mutant also had a brittle culm and produced lower grain yield compared with wild-type rice, but the roots showed similar root structure and function in terms of the uptake of mineral nutrients. OsGT14;1 was broadly expressed in all organs throughout the entire growth period, with a relatively high expression in the roots, stems, node I and husk. Furthermore, OsGT14;1 was expressed in all tissues of these organs. Subcellular observation revealed that OsGT14;1 encoded a Golgi-localized protein. Mutation of OsGT14;1 resulted in decreased cellulose content and increased hemicellulose, but did not alter pectin in the cell wall of roots and shoots. The knockout of OsGT14;1 did not affect the tolerance to toxic mineral elements, including Al, As, Cd and salt stress, but did increase the sensitivity to low pH. Taken together, OsGT14;1 located at the Golgi is required for growth of both roots and shoots in rice through affecting cellulose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peitong Wang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
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9
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Wang X, Chen Y, Sun X, Li J, Zhang R, Jiao Y, Wang R, Song W, Zhao J. Characteristics and candidate genes associated with excellent stalk strength in maize ( Zea mays L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:957566. [PMID: 35968121 PMCID: PMC9367994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lodging is a major problem in maize production, which seriously affects yield and hinders mechanized harvesting. Improving stalk strength is an effective way to improve lodging. The maize inbred line Jing2416 (J2416) was an elite germplasm in maize breeding which had strong stalk mechanical strength. To explore the characteristics its stalk strength, we conducted physiological, metabolic and transcriptomic analyses of J2416 and its parents Jing24 (J24) and 5237. At the kernel dent stage, the stalk rind penetrometer strength of J2416 was significantly higher than those of its two parents in multiple environments. The rind thickness, sclerenchyma tissue thickness, and cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of J2416 were significantly higher than those of its parents. Based on the significant differences between J2416 and 5237, we detected metabolites and gene transcripts showing differences in abundance between these two materials. A total of 212 (68.60%) metabolites and 2287 (43.34%) genes were up-regulated in J2416 compared with 5237. The phenylpropanoid and glycan synthesis/metabolism pathways were enriched in metabolites and genes that were up-regulated in J2416. Twenty-eight of the up-regulated genes in J2416 were involved in lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose synthesis pathways. These analyses have revealed important physiological characteristics and candidate genes that will be useful for research and breeding of inbred lines with excellent stalk strength.
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10
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Chen X, Huang Z, Fu D, Fang J, Zhang X, Feng X, Xie J, Wu B, Luo Y, Zhu M, Qi Y. Identification of Genetic Loci for Sugarcane Leaf Angle at Different Developmental Stages by Genome-Wide Association Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841693. [PMID: 35693186 PMCID: PMC9185841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an efficient crop mainly used for sugar and bioethanol production. High yield and high sucrose of sugarcane are always the fundamental demands in sugarcane growth worldwide. Leaf angle and size of sugarcane can be attributed to planting density, which was associated with yield. In this study, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with a panel of 216 sugarcane core parents and their derived lines (natural population) to determine the genetic basis of leaf angle and key candidate genes with +2, +3, and +4 leaf at the seedling, elongation, and mature stages. A total of 288 significantly associated loci of sugarcane leaf angle at different developmental stages (eight phenotypes) were identified by GWAS with 4,027,298 high-quality SNP markers. Among them, one key locus and 11 loci were identified in all three stages and two stages, respectively. An InDel marker (SNP Ss6A_102766953) linked to narrow leaf angle was obtained. Overall, 4,089 genes were located in the confidence interval of significant loci, among which 3,892 genes were functionally annotated. Finally, 13 core parents and their derivatives tagged with SNPs were selected for marker-assisted selection (MAS). These candidate genes are mainly related to MYB transcription factors, auxin response factors, serine/threonine protein kinases, etc. They are directly or indirectly associated with leaf angle in sugarcane. This research provided a large number of novel genetic resources for the improvement of leaf angles and simultaneously to high yield and high bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Chen
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghui Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danwen Fu
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junteng Fang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Feng
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfang Xie
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiji Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongwen Qi
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Li Q, Nie S, Li G, Du J, Ren R, Yang X, Liu B, Gao X, Liu T, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Li X, Nie Y, Wang B, Lin H, Ding H, Pan G. Identification and Fine Mapping of the Recessive Gene BK-5, Which Affects Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Plant Brittleness in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:814. [PMID: 35055000 PMCID: PMC8775815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellulose of the plant cell wall indirectly affects the cell shape and straw stiffness of the plant. Here, the novel brittleness mutant brittle stalk-5 (bk-5) of the maize inbred line RP125 was characterized. We found that the mutant displayed brittleness of the stalk and even the whole plant, and that the brittleness phenotype existed during the whole growth period from germination to senescence. The compressive strength was reduced, the cell wall was thinner, and the cellulose content was decreased compared to that of the wild type. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning indicated that bk-5 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene and that it was located in a 90.2-Kb region on chromosome 3 that covers three open reading frames (ORFs). Sequence analysis revealed a single non-synonymous missense mutation, T-to-A, in the last exon of Zm00001d043477 (B73: version 4, named BK-5) that caused the 951th amino acid to go from leucine to histidine. BK-5 encodes a cellulose synthase catalytic subunit (CesA), which is involved with cellulose synthesis. We found that BK-5 was constitutively expressed in all tissues of the germinating stage and silking stage, and highly expressed in the leaf, auricula, and root of the silking stage and the 2-cm root and bud of the germinating stage. We found that BK-5 mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that the protein might move to the plasma membrane with the aid of Golgi in maize. According to RNA-seq data, bk-5 had more downregulated genes than upregulated genes, and many of the downregulated genes were enzymes and transcription factors related to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall. The other differentially expressed genes were related to metabolic and cellular processes, and were significantly enriched in hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. Taken together, we propose that the mutation of gene BK-5 causes the brittle stalk phenotype and provides important insights into the regulatory mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (S.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Shujun Nie
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (S.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Gaoke Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crops Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Jiyuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ruchang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xiu Yang
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Boyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Tianjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Xinzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yongxin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Baichen Wang
- Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Haijian Lin
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (S.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Haiping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (J.D.); (R.R.); (B.L.); (X.G.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.N.)
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (S.N.); (H.L.)
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12
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Ma X, Li C, Huang R, Zhang K, Wang Q, Fu C, Liu W, Sun C, Wang P, Wang F, Deng X. Rice Brittle Culm19 Encoding Cellulose Synthase Subunit CESA4 Causes Dominant Brittle Phenotype But has No Distinct Influence on Growth and Grain Yield. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:95. [PMID: 34822039 PMCID: PMC8617145 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical strength is a crucial agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa), and brittle mutants are thought suitable materials to investigate the mechanism of cell wall formation. So far, almost all brittle mutants are recessive, and most of them are defected in multiple morphologies and/or grain yield, limiting their application in hybrid breeding and in rice straw recycling. RESULTS We identified a semi-dominant brittle mutant Brittle culm19 (Bc19) isolated from the japonica variety Nipponbare through chemical mutagenesis. The mutant showed the same apparent morphologies and grain yield to the wild type plant except for its weak mechanical strength. Its development of secondary cell wall in sclerenchyma cells was affected, along with reduced contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and sugars in culms and leaves. Positional cloning suggested that the Bc19 gene was allelic to OsCESA4, encoding one of the cellulose synthase A (CESA) catalytic subunits. In this mutant, a C-to-T substitution occurred in the coding sequence of BC19, causing the P507S missense mutation in its encoded product, which was located in the second cytoplasmic region of the OsCESA4 protein. Furthermore, introducing mutant gene Bc19 into the wild-type plant resulted in brittle plants, confirming that the P507S point mutation in OsCESA4 protein was responsible for the semi-dominant brittle phenotype of Bc19 mutant. Reverse correlation was revealed between cellulose contents and expression levels of mutant gene Bc19 among the homozygous mutant, the hybrid F1 plant, and the Bc19 overexpression transgenic plants, implying that gene Bc19 might affect cellulose synthesis in a dosage-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Bc19, a semi-dominant brittle mutant allele of gene OsCESA4, was identified using map-based cloning approach. The mutated protein of Bc19 possessing the P507S missense mutation behaved in a dosage-dependent semi-dominant manner. Unique brittle effect on phenotype and semi-dominant genetic quality of gene Bc19 indicated its potential application in grain-straw dual-purpose hybrid rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chongyun Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wuge Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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13
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Shi S, Wang H, Nie L, Tan D, Zhou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Du B, Guo J, Huang J, Wu D, Zheng X, Guan W, Shan J, Zhu L, Chen R, Xue L, Walling LL, He G. Bph30 confers resistance to brown planthopper by fortifying sclerenchyma in rice leaf sheaths. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1714-1732. [PMID: 34246801 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phloem-feeding insects cause massive losses in agriculture and horticulture. Host plant resistance to phloem-feeding insects is often mediated by changes in phloem composition, which deter insect settling and feeding and decrease viability. Here, we report that rice plant resistance to the phloem-feeding brown planthopper (BPH) is associated with fortification of the sclerenchyma tissue, which is located just beneath the epidermis and a cell layer or two away from the vascular bundle in the rice leaf sheath. We found that BPHs prefer to feed on the smooth and soft region on the surface of rice leaf sheaths called the long-cell block. We identified Bph30 as a rice BPH resistance gene that prevents BPH stylets from reaching the phloem due to the fortified sclerenchyma. Bph30 is strongly expressed in sclerenchyma cells and enhances cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis, making the cell walls stiffer and sclerenchyma thicker. The structurally fortified sclerenchyma is a formidable barrier preventing BPH stylets from penetrating the leaf sheath tissues and arriving at the phloem to feed. Bph30 belongs to a novel gene family, encoding a protein with two leucine-rich domains. Another member of the family, Bph40, also conferred resistance to BPH. Collectively, the fortified sclerenchyma-mediated resistance mechanism revealed in this study expands our understanding of plant-insect interactions and opens a new path for controlling planthoppers in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lingyun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Di Tan
- The Institute of Technological Science, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junhan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Longjian Xue
- The Institute of Technological Science, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Linda L Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of CaliforniaA, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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14
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Gao Y, Xiong X, Wang H, Wang J, Bi Y, Yan Y, Cao Z, Li D, Song F. Ero1-Pdi1 module-catalysed dimerization of a nucleotide sugar transporter, FonNst2, regulates virulence of Fusarium oxysporum on watermelon. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:1200-1220. [PMID: 34587346 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is a soil-borne fungus causing vascular Fusarium wilt on watermelon; however, the molecular network regulating Fon virulence remains to be elucidated. Here, we report the function and mechanism of nucleotide sugar transporters (Nsts) in Fon. Fon genome harbours nine FonNst genes with distinct functions in vegetative growth, asexual production, cell wall stress response and virulence. FonNst2 and FonNst3 are required for full virulence of Fon on watermelon and FonNst2 is mainly involved in fungal colonization of the plant tissues. FonNst2 and FonNst3 form homo- or hetero-dimers but function independently in Fon virulence. FonNst2, which has UDP-galactose transporter activity in yeast, interacts with FonEro1 and FonPdi1, both of which are required for full virulence of Fon. FonNst2, FonPdi1 and FonEro1 target to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are essential for ER homeostasis and function. FonEro1-FonPdi1 module catalyses the dimerization of FonNst2, which is critical for Fon virulence. Undimerized FonNst2 is unstable and degraded via ER-associated protein degradation in vivo. These data demonstrate that FonEro1-FonPdi1 module-catalysed dimerization of FonNst2 is critical for Fon virulence on watermelon and provide new insights into the regulation of virulence in plant fungal pathogens via disulfide bond formation of key pathogenicity factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhongye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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15
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He Y, Zhang X, Shi Y, Xu X, Li L, Wu JL. PREMATURE SENESCENCE LEAF 50 Promotes Heat Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:53. [PMID: 34117939 PMCID: PMC8197683 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress is a major environmental factor that could induce premature leaf senescence in plants. So far, a few rice premature senescent leaf mutants have been reported to involve in heat tolerance. FINDINGS We identified a premature senescence leaf 50 (psl50) mutant that exhibited a higher heat susceptibility with decreased survival rate, over-accumulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and increased cell death under heat stress compared with the wild-type. The causal gene PREMATURE SENESCENCE LEAF 50 (PSL50) was isolated by using initial map-based resequencing (IMBR) approach, and we found that PSL50 promoted heat tolerance probably by acting as a modulator of H2O2 signaling in response to heat stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). CONCLUSIONS PSL50 negatively regulates heat-induced premature leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yongfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Liangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jian-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Rautengarten C, Duan E, Zhu J, Zhu X, Lei J, Peng C, Wang Y, Teng X, Tian Y, Liu X, Heazlewood JL, Wu A, Wan J. BRITTLE PLANT1 is required for normal cell wall composition and mechanical strength in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:865-877. [PMID: 33615714 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of nucleotide sugar interconversion enzymes (NSEs) generate the activated sugar donors required for biosynthesis of cell wall matrix polysaccharides and glycoproteins. UDP-glucose 4-epimerases (UGEs) are NSEs that function in the interconversion of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) and UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal). The roles of UDP-glucose 4-epimerases in monocots remain unclear due to redundancy in the pathways. Here, we report a brittle plant (bp1) rice mutant that exhibits brittle leaves and culms at all growth stages. The mutant culms had reduced levels of rhamnogalacturonan I, homogalacturonan, and arabinogalactan proteins. Moreover, the mutant had altered contents of uronic acids, neutral noncellulosic monosaccharides, and cellulose. Map-based cloning demonstrated that OsBP1 encodes a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (OsUGE2), a cytosolic protein. We also show that BP1 can form homo- and hetero-protein complexes with other UGE family members and with UDP-galactose transporters 2 (OsUGT2) and 3 (OsUGT3), which may facilitate the channeling of Gal to polysaccharides and proteoglycans. Our results demonstrate that BP1 participates in regulating the sugar composition and structure of rice cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Carsten Rautengarten
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaopin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Aimin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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17
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Zhang W, Qin W, Li H, Wu AM. Biosynthesis and Transport of Nucleotide Sugars for Plant Hemicellulose. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:723128. [PMID: 34868108 PMCID: PMC8636097 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.723128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulose is entangled with cellulose through hydrogen bonds and meanwhile acts as a bridge for the deposition of lignin monomer in the secondary wall. Therefore, hemicellulose plays a vital role in the utilization of cell wall biomass. Many advances in hemicellulose research have recently been made, and a large number of genes and their functions have been identified and verified. However, due to the diversity and complexity of hemicellulose, the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms are yet unknown. In this review, we summarized the types of plant hemicellulose, hemicellulose-specific nucleotide sugar substrates, key transporters, and biosynthesis pathways. This review will contribute to a better understanding of substrate-level regulation of hemicellulose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ai-min Wu,
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18
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Ren L, Zhao T, Zhang L, Du G, Shen Y, Tang D, Li Y, Luo Q, Cheng Z. Defective Microspore Development 1 is required for microspore cell integrity and pollen wall formation in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1446-1459. [PMID: 32391618 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly coordinated pollen wall patterning is essential for male reproductive development. Here, we report the identification of Defective Microspore Development 1 (DMD1), which encodes a nuclear-localized protein possessing transactivation activity. DMD1 is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and microspores during post-meiotic development. Mutations in DMD1 cause a male-sterile phenotype with impaired microspore cell integrity. The mutants display abnormal callose degradation, accompanied by inhibited primexine thickening in the newly released microspores. Several genes associated with callose degradation and primexine formation are downregulated in dmd1 anthers. In addition, irregular Ubisch body morphology and discontinuous endexine occur, and the baculum is completely absent in dmd1. DMD1 interacts with Tapetum Degeneration Retardation (TDR), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for exine formation. Taken together, our results suggest that DMD1 is responsible for microspore cell integrity, primexine formation and exine pattern formation during Oryza sativa (rice) microspore development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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19
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Zhang W, Tang X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X. Elevated pCO 2 Level Affects the Extracellular Polymer Metabolism of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:339. [PMID: 32194534 PMCID: PMC7064563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play an important role in diatom physiology and carbon biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems. Both the composition and yield of EPS in diatom cells can vary with environmental changes. However, information on intracellular pathways and controls of both biochemical and genetic of EPS is limited. Further, how such changes would affect their critical ecological roles in marine systems is also unclear. Here, we evaluated the physiological characteristics, EPS yields, EPS compositions, and gene expression levels of Phaeodactylum tricornutum under elevated pCO2 levels. Genes and pathways related to EPS metabolism in P. tricornutum were identified. Carbohydrate yields in different EPS fractions increased with elevated pCO2 exposure. Although the proportions of monosaccharide sugars among total sugars did not change, higher abundances of uronic acid were observed under high pCO2 conditions, suggesting the alterations of EPS composition. Elevated pCO2 increased PSII light energy conversion efficiency and carbon sequestration efficiency. The up-regulation of most genes involved in carbon fixation pathways led to increased growth and EPS release. RNA-Seq analysis revealed a number of genes and divergent alleles related to EPS production that were up-regulated by elevated pCO2 levels. Nucleotide diphosphate (NDP)-sugar activation and accelerated glycosylation could be responsible for more EPS responding to environmental signals. Further, NDP-sugar transporters exhibited increased expression levels, suggesting roles in EPS over-production. Overall, these results provide critical data for understanding the mechanisms of EPS production in diatoms and evaluating the metabolic plasticity of these organisms in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory of Oceanology for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory of Oceanology for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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20
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Nayak S, Ghosh SK. Nucleotide sugar transporters of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba invadens involved in chitin synthesis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 234:111224. [PMID: 31585127 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitin, a homopolymer of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), is a major component of cyst wall in the protozoan parasites Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) and Entamoeba invadens (Ei). The Entamoeba chitin synthase makes chitin at the vesicular membrane rather than the plasma membrane in fungi, even though the chemistry of chitin synthesis is most likely the same. However, the role of nucleotide sugar transporter(s) (NSTs) that are involved in chitin synthesis in Entamoeba are not yet established. In this study, we have identified the putative UDP-GlcNAc transporter (EiNst5) of Ei by BLASTP analysis using the amino acid sequence of EhNst3, the UDP-GlcNAc transporter of Eh. Heterologous expression of both EhNst3 and EiNst5 was found to complement the function of Yea4p (UDP-GlcNAc transporter of S. cerevisiae) in YEA4 null mutant and increased the cell wall chitin content. Like Yea4p in S. cerevisiae, Myc-epitope tagged EhNst3 and EiNst5 were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in Δyea4 cells. The EiNST5 transcript was up-regulated during the in vitro encystation and oxidative stress in E. invadens. Similar up-regulation was also seen for EhNST3 under oxidative stress in E. histolytica. Down-regulation of EiNst5 expression using gene-specific dsRNA significantly reduced cyst formation during in vitro encystation in E. invadens. Our observations suggest for the first time the involvement of EhNst3 and EiNst5 in chitin synthesis and so in encystation of Entamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721 302, India.
| | - Sudip K Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721 302, India.
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21
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Song W, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Lv H, Li S, Jiang Y, Song C, Wang F, Huang Y. Fabrication, characterization and biocompatibility of collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose-Ca composite scaffold for carrying Schwann cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1195-1203. [PMID: 30110602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) is the primary structural and functional part of the peripheral nervous system, and it plays a key role in the repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve. In order to develop a suitable scaffold for SC nerve tissue engineering, three kinds of scaffolds, including pristine collagen, pure oxidized regenerated cellulose-Ca (ORCCa) and collagen/ORC-Ca composite scaffolds, have been fabricated for carrying SC in this study. SC is then seeded on the scaffolds to form SC-scaffold nerve tissue engineering composites and evaluate their biocompatibility. The chemical and physical structure of the scaffolds are investigated by FTIR, NMR and SEM. The wettability of the collagen/ORC-Ca composite scaffold is close to that of pristine collagen, and the tensile strength of the composite scaffold (0.58 MPa) is better than that of pristine collagen (0.36 MPa). Cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, cell adhesion and western blotting assays are conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility and properties of different scaffolds. The results show that the three scaffolds exhibit no toxicity, and the proliferation rate of SC on the collagen/ORC-Ca composite scaffold is significantly higher than that of the other scaffolds (p < 0.05). The number of the adhesion cells on the composite scaffold (244.67 ± 13.02) is much more than that in the pure ORC-Ca group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the expression of N-Cadheri and PMP22 proteins in the collagen/ORC-Ca composite scaffold is significantly superior to the other two scaffolds (both p < 0.01). Therefore, it could be concluded that the collagen/ORC-Ca composite is a promising candidate as a scaffold for carrying SC to form nerve tissue engineering composites in order to assist the peripheral nervous in the repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Song
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Yadong Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Hui Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150007, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Harbin Medical University (Da Qing), Da Qing 163319, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Harbin Medical University (Da Qing), Da Qing 163319, China
| | - Chun Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150007, China
| | - Fang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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22
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Xu Z, Li S, Zhang C, Zhang B, Zhu K, Zhou Y, Liu Q. Genetic connection between cell-wall composition and grain yield via parallel QTL analysis in indica and japonica subspecies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12561. [PMID: 28970550 PMCID: PMC5624937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain yield is a complicated trait, which is highly associated with biomass productivity. The cell wall is a central element of biomass, and its biogenesis contributes to plant architecture and development. However, the genetic link between cell-wall property and grain yield is largely unclear. Here, we report on identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain yield-related traits and cell-wall composition with a set of chromosomal segment substitution lines (CSSLs) that were generated by using 9311, an indica cultivar as donor, and Nipponbare, a japonica cultivar as recipient. Nipponbare and 9311 showed significant differences in grain yield-related traits and cell-wall composition. Genotyping with molecular markers, 125 lines covering 95.6% of the whole genome of 9311 were employed for phenotypic and chemical examinations. Thirty-seven QTLs for grain yield-related traits and nineteen QTLs for cell-wall composition have been identified. In addition to correlation analysis, we found overlapped and closely linked QTLs for two sets of traits. Fine-mapping further narrowed a QTL for cellulose content together with HD17, a known QTL for heading date and grain yield, suggesting that plants may regulate cell wall biogenesis and grain yield via related means. Our study provided genetic clues for cloning QTLs for both complicated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuopeng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Functional Genomics, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shance Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Functional Genomics, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kongzhi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Functional Genomics, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Functional Genomics, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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23
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He C, Teixeira da Silva JA, Tan J, Zhang J, Pan X, Li M, Luo J, Duan J. A Genome-Wide Identification of the WRKY Family Genes and a Survey of Potential WRKY Target Genes in Dendrobium officinale. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9200. [PMID: 28835632 PMCID: PMC5569039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY family, one of the largest families of transcription factors, plays important roles in the regulation of various biological processes, including growth, development and stress responses in plants. In the present study, 63 DoWRKY genes were identified from the Dendrobium officinale genome. These were classified into groups I, II, III and a non-group, each with 14, 28, 10 and 11 members, respectively. ABA-responsive, sulfur-responsive and low temperature-responsive elements were identified in the 1-k upstream regulatory region of DoWRKY genes. Subsequently, the expression of the 63 DoWRKY genes under cold stress was assessed, and the expression profiles of a large number of these genes were regulated by low temperature in roots and stems. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of DoWRKY genes in biological processes, potential WRKY target genes were investigated. Among them, most stress-related genes contained multiple W-box elements in their promoters. In addition, the genes involved in polysaccharide synthesis and hydrolysis contained W-box elements in their 1-k upstream regulatory regions, suggesting that DoWRKY genes may play a role in polysaccharide metabolism. These results provide a basis for investigating the function of WRKY genes and help to understand the downstream regulation network in plants within the Orchidaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | | | - Jianwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Genepioneer Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jianping Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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24
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Boyles RE, Pfeiffer BK, Cooper EA, Rauh BL, Zielinski KJ, Myers MT, Brenton Z, Rooney WL, Kresovich S. Genetic dissection of sorghum grain quality traits using diverse and segregating populations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:697-716. [PMID: 28028582 PMCID: PMC5360839 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Coordinated association and linkage mapping identified 25 grain quality QTLs in multiple environments, and fine mapping of the Wx locus supports the use of high-density genetic markers in linkage mapping. There is a wide range of end-use products made from cereal grains, and these products often demand different grain characteristics. Fortunately, cereal crop species including sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] contain high phenotypic variation for traits influencing grain quality. Identifying genetic variants underlying this phenotypic variation allows plant breeders to develop genotypes with grain attributes optimized for their intended usage. Multiple sorghum mapping populations were rigorously phenotyped across two environments (SC Coastal Plain and Central TX) in 2 years for five major grain quality traits: amylose, starch, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy. Coordinated association and linkage mapping revealed several robust QTLs that make prime targets to improve grain quality for food, feed, and fuel products. Although the amylose QTL interval spanned many megabases, the marker with greatest significance was located just 12 kb from waxy (Wx), the primary gene regulating amylose production in cereal grains. This suggests higher resolution mapping in recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations can be obtained when genotyped at a high marker density. The major QTL for crude fat content, identified in both a RIL population and grain sorghum diversity panel, encompassed the DGAT1 locus, a critical gene involved in maize lipid biosynthesis. Another QTL on chromosome 1 was consistently mapped in both RIL populations for multiple grain quality traits including starch, crude protein, and gross energy. Collectively, these genetic regions offer excellent opportunities to manipulate grain composition and set up future studies for gene validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Boyles
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Brian K Pfeiffer
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Cooper
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Bradley L Rauh
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Kelsey J Zielinski
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Matthew T Myers
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Zachary Brenton
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - William L Rooney
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Kresovich
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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25
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Zhang B, Zhang L, Li F, Zhang D, Liu X, Wang H, Xu Z, Chu C, Zhou Y. Control of secondary cell wall patterning involves xylan deacetylation by a GDSL esterase. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:17017. [PMID: 28260782 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
O-acetylation, a ubiquitous modification of cell wall polymers, has striking impacts on plant growth and biomass utilization and needs to be tightly controlled. However, the mechanisms that underpin the control of cell wall acetylation remain elusive. Here, we show a rice brittle leaf sheath1 (bs1) mutant, which contains a lesion in a Golgi-localized GDSL esterase that deacetylates the prominent hemicellulose xylan. Cell wall composition, detailed xylan structure characterization and enzyme kinetics and activity assays on acetylated sugars and xylooligosaccharides demonstrate that BS1 is an esterase that cleaves acetyl moieties from the xylan backbone at O-2 and O-3 positions of xylopyranosyl residues. BS1 thus plays an important role in the maintenance of proper acetylation level on the xylan backbone, which is crucial for secondary wall formation and patterning. Our findings outline a mechanism for how plants modulate wall acetylation and endow a plethora of uncharacterized GDSL esterases with surmisable activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zuopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Tao Y, Mace ES, Tai S, Cruickshank A, Campbell BC, Zhao X, Van Oosterom EJ, Godwin ID, Botella JR, Jordan DR. Whole-Genome Analysis of Candidate genes Associated with Seed Size and Weight in Sorghum bicolor Reveals Signatures of Artificial Selection and Insights into Parallel Domestication in Cereal Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28769949 DOI: 10.3389/fp/s.2017.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed size and seed weight are major quality attributes and important determinants of yield that have been strongly selected for during crop domestication. Limited information is available about the genetic control and genes associated with seed size and weight in sorghum. This study identified sorghum orthologs of genes with proven effects on seed size and weight in other plant species and searched for evidence of selection during domestication by utilizing resequencing data from a diversity panel. In total, 114 seed size candidate genes were identified in sorghum, 63 of which exhibited signals of purifying selection during domestication. A significant number of these genes also had domestication signatures in maize and rice, consistent with the parallel domestication of seed size in cereals. Seed size candidate genes that exhibited differentially high expression levels in seed were also found more likely to be under selection during domestication, supporting the hypothesis that modification to seed size during domestication preferentially targeted genes for intrinsic seed size rather than genes associated with physiological factors involved in the carbohydrate supply and transport. Our results provide improved understanding of the complex genetic control of seed size and weight and the impact of domestication on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Tao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma S Mace
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research FacilityWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Alan Cruickshank
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research FacilityWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Bradley C Campbell
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xianrong Zhao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik J Van Oosterom
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian D Godwin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose R Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David R Jordan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
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Tao Y, Mace ES, Tai S, Cruickshank A, Campbell BC, Zhao X, Van Oosterom EJ, Godwin ID, Botella JR, Jordan DR. Whole-Genome Analysis of Candidate genes Associated with Seed Size and Weight in Sorghum bicolor Reveals Signatures of Artificial Selection and Insights into Parallel Domestication in Cereal Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1237. [PMID: 28769949 PMCID: PMC5513986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed size and seed weight are major quality attributes and important determinants of yield that have been strongly selected for during crop domestication. Limited information is available about the genetic control and genes associated with seed size and weight in sorghum. This study identified sorghum orthologs of genes with proven effects on seed size and weight in other plant species and searched for evidence of selection during domestication by utilizing resequencing data from a diversity panel. In total, 114 seed size candidate genes were identified in sorghum, 63 of which exhibited signals of purifying selection during domestication. A significant number of these genes also had domestication signatures in maize and rice, consistent with the parallel domestication of seed size in cereals. Seed size candidate genes that exhibited differentially high expression levels in seed were also found more likely to be under selection during domestication, supporting the hypothesis that modification to seed size during domestication preferentially targeted genes for intrinsic seed size rather than genes associated with physiological factors involved in the carbohydrate supply and transport. Our results provide improved understanding of the complex genetic control of seed size and weight and the impact of domestication on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Tao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yongfu Tao
| | - Emma S. Mace
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research FacilityWarwick, QLD, Australia
- Emma S. Mace
| | | | - Alan Cruickshank
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research FacilityWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Bradley C. Campbell
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xianrong Zhao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik J. Van Oosterom
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian D. Godwin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose R. Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David R. Jordan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
- David R. Jordan
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Wu L, Zhang W, Ding Y, Zhang J, Cambula ED, Weng F, Liu Z, Ding C, Tang S, Chen L, Wang S, Li G. Shading Contributes to the Reduction of Stem Mechanical Strength by Decreasing Cell Wall Synthesis in Japonica Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:881. [PMID: 28611803 PMCID: PMC5447739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Low solar radiation caused by industrial development and solar dimming has become a limitation in crop production in China. It is widely accepted that low solar radiation influences many aspects of plant development, including slender, weak stems and susceptibility to lodging. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To clarify how low solar radiation affects stem mechanical strength formation and lodging resistance, the japonica rice cultivars Wuyunjing23 (lodging-resistant) and W3668 (lodging-susceptible) were grown under field conditions with normal light (Control) and shading (the incident light was reduced by 60%) with a black nylon net. The yield and yield components, plant morphological characteristics, the stem mechanical strength, cell wall components, culm microstructure, gene expression correlated with cellulose and lignin biosynthesis were measured. The results showed that shading significantly reduced grain yield attributed to reduction of spikelets per panicles and grain weight. The stem-breaking strength decreased significantly under shading treatment; consequently, resulting in higher lodging index in rice plant in both varieties, as revealed by decreased by culm diameter, culm wall thickness and increased plant height, gravity center height. Compared with control, cell wall components including non-structural carbohydrate, sucrose, cellulose, and lignin reduced quite higher. With histochemical straining, shading largely reduced lignin deposition in the sclerenchyma cells and vascular bundle cells compared with control, and decreased cellulose deposition in the parenchyma cells of culm tissue in both Wuyunjing23 and W3668. And under shading condition, gene expression involved in secondary cell wall synthesis, OsPAL, OsCOMT, OsCCoAOMT, OsCCR, and OsCAD2, and primary cell wall synthesis, OsCesA1, OsCesA3, and OsCesA8 were decreased significantly. These results suggest that gene expression involved in the reduction of lignin and cellulose in both sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells, which attribute to lignin and cellulose in culm tissue and weak mechanical tissue, consequently, result in poor stem strength and higher lodging risks. Highlights: (1) Shading decreases the stem mechanical strength of japonica rice by decreasing non-structural carbohydrate, sucrose, lignin, and cellulose accumulation in culms. (2) The decrease of carbon source under shading condition is the cause for the lower lignin and cellulose accumulation in culm. (3) The expression of genes involved in lignin and primarily cell wall cellulose biosynthesis (OsCesA1, OsCesA3, and OsCesA8) at the stem formation stage are down-regulated under shading condition, inducing defective cell wall development and poor lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmei Wu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wujun Zhang
- Chongqing Ratooning Rice Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqing, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Elidio D. Cambula
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fei Weng
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - She Tang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ganghua Li,
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Zhang M, Wei F, Guo K, Hu Z, Li Y, Xie G, Wang Y, Cai X, Peng L, Wang L. A Novel FC116/ BC10 Mutation Distinctively Causes Alteration in the Expression of the Genes for Cell Wall Polymer Synthesis in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1366. [PMID: 27708650 PMCID: PMC5030303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report isolation and characterization of a fragile culm mutant fc116 that displays reduced mechanical strength caused by decreased cellulose content and altered cell wall structure in rice. Map-based cloning revealed that fc116 was a base substitution mutant (G to A) in a putative beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) gene (LOC_Os05g07790, allelic to BC10). This mutation resulted in one amino acid missing within a newly-identified protein motif "R, RXG, RA." The FC116/BC10 gene was lowly but ubiquitously expressed in the all tissues examined across the whole life cycle of rice, and slightly down-regulated during secondary growth. This mutant also exhibited a significant increase in the content of hemicelluloses and lignins, as well as the content of pentoses (xylose and arabinose). But the content of hexoses (glucose, mannose, and galactose) was decreased in both cellulosic and non-cellulosic (pectins and hemicelluloses) fractions of the mutant. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the typical genes in the fc116 mutant were up-regulated corresponding to xylan biosynthesis, as well as lignin biosynthesis including p-hydroxyphenyl (H), syringyl (S), and guaiacyl (G). Our results indicate that FC116 has universal function in regulation of the cell wall polymers in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Guosheng Xie
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiwen Cai
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, USA
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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30
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Temple H, Saez-Aguayo S, Reyes FC, Orellana A. The inside and outside: topological issues in plant cell wall biosynthesis and the roles of nucleotide sugar transporters. Glycobiology 2016; 26:913-925. [PMID: 27507902 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall is a complex extracellular matrix composed primarily of polysaccharides. Noncellulosic polysaccharides, glycoproteins and proteoglycans are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus by glycosyltransferases (GTs), which use nucleotide sugars as donors to glycosylate nascent glycan and glycoprotein acceptors that are subsequently exported to the extracellular space. Many nucleotide sugars are synthesized in the cytosol, leading to a topological issue because the active sites of most GTs are located in the Golgi lumen. Nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs) overcome this problem by translocating nucleoside diphosphate sugars from the cytosol into the lumen of the organelle. The structures of the cell wall components synthesized in the Golgi are diverse and complex; therefore, transporter activities are necessary so that the nucleotide sugars can provide substrates for the GTs. In this review, we describe the topology of reactions involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis in the Golgi and focus on the roles of NSTs as well as their impacts on cell wall structure when they are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Temple
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile
| | - Susana Saez-Aguayo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile
| | - Francisca C Reyes
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile
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31
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Orellana A, Moraga C, Araya M, Moreno A. Overview of Nucleotide Sugar Transporter Gene Family Functions Across Multiple Species. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3150-3165. [PMID: 27261257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are crucial in a number of cellular processes, such as growth, development, and responses to external cues, among others. Polysaccharides, another class of sugar-containing molecules, also play important structural and signaling roles in the extracellular matrix. The additions of glycans to proteins and lipids, as well as polysaccharide synthesis, are processes that primarily occur in the Golgi apparatus, and the substrates used in this biosynthetic process are nucleotide sugars. These proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides are also modified by the addition of sulfate groups in the Golgi apparatus in a series of reactions where nucleotide sulfate is needed. The required nucleotide sugar substrates are mainly synthesized in the cytosol and transported into the Golgi apparatus by nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs), which can additionally transport nucleotide sulfate. Due to the critical role of NSTs in eukaryotic organisms, any malfunction of these could change glycan and polysaccharide structures, thus affecting function and altering organism physiology. For example, mutations or deletion on NST genes lead to pathological conditions in humans or alter cell walls in plants. In recent years, many NSTs have been identified and functionally characterized, but several remain unanalyzed. This study examined existing information on functionally characterized NSTs and conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 257 NSTs predicted from nine animal and plant model species, as well as from protists and fungi. From this analysis, relationships between substrate specificity and the primary NST structure can be inferred, thereby advancing understandings of nucleotide sugar gene family functions across multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, RM,Chile.
| | - Carol Moraga
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile.
| | - Macarena Araya
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile.
| | - Adrian Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 217, Santiago, RM 837-0146, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, RM,Chile.
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32
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Abedi T, Khalil MFM, Asai T, Ishihara N, Kitamura K, Ishida N, Tanaka N. UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:573-83. [PMID: 26507776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure was detected in hemicellulose II using oligosaccharide mass profiling. These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. This increased galactose incorporation may have contributed to increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Abedi
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Asai
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Nami Ishihara
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kenji Kitamura
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ishida
- Department of Environmental Security Systems, Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, 3 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Tanaka
- Center for Gene Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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33
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Qi Z, Liu M, Dong Y, Yang J, Zhang H, Zheng X, Zhang Z. Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase MoPyr5 is involved in uridine 5'-phosphate synthesis and pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3655-66. [PMID: 26810198 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase) plays an important role in de novo and salvage pathways of nucleotide synthesis and is widely used as a screening marker in genetic transformation. However, the function of OPRTase in plant pathogens remains unclear. In this study, we characterized an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ura5, the OPRTase MoPyr5, from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Targeted gene disruption revealed that MoPyr5 is required for mycelial growth, appressorial turgor pressure and penetration into plant tissues, invasive hyphal growth, and pathogenicity. Interestingly, the ∆Mopyr5 mutant is also involved in mycelial surface hydrophobicity. Exogenous uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) restored vegetative growth and rescued the defect in pathogenicity on detached barley and rice leaf sheath. Collectively, our results show that MoPyr5 is an OPRTase for UMP biosynthesis in M. oryzae and indicate that UTP biosynthesis is closely linked with vegetative growth, cell wall integrity, and pathogenicity of fungus. Our results also suggest that UMP biosynthesis would be a good target for the development of novel fungicides against M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Qi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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34
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Hatfield RD, Rancour DM, Marita JM. Grass Cell Walls: A Story of Cross-Linking. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2056. [PMID: 28149301 PMCID: PMC5241289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall matrices are complex composites mainly of polysaccharides, phenolics (monomers and polymers), and protein. We are beginning to understand the synthesis of these major wall components individually, but still have a poor understanding of how cell walls are assembled into complex matrices. Valuable insight has been gained by examining intact components to understand the individual elements that make up plant cell walls. Grasses are a prominent group within the plant kingdom, not only for their important roles in global agriculture, but also for the complexity of their cell walls. Ferulate incorporation into grass cell wall matrices (C3 and C4 types) leads to a cross-linked matrix that plays a prominent role in the structure and utilization of grass biomass compared to dicot species. Incorporation of p-coumarates as part of the lignin structure also adds to the complexity of grass cell walls. Feruoylation results in a wall with individual hemicellulosic polysaccharides (arabinoxylans) covalently linked to each other and to lignin. Evidence strongly suggests that ferulates not only cross-link arabinoxylans, but may be important factors in lignification of the cell wall. Therefore, the distribution of ferulates on arabinoxylans could provide a means of structuring regions of the matrix with the incorporation of lignin and have a significant impact upon localized cell wall organization. The role of other phenolics in cell wall formation such as p-coumarates (which can have concentrations higher than ferulates) remains unknown. It is possible that p-coumarates assist in the formation of lignin, especially syringyl rich lignin. The uniqueness of the grass cell wall compared to dicot sepcies may not be so much in the gross composition of the wall, but how the distinctive individual components are organized into a functional wall matrix. These features are discussed and working models are provided to illustrate how changing the organization of feruoylation and p-coumaroylation could lead to differing cell wall properties.
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35
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Ye Y, Liu B, Zhao M, Wu K, Cheng W, Chen X, Liu Q, Liu Z, Fu X, Wu Y. CEF1/OsMYB103L is involved in GA-mediated regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:385-401. [PMID: 26350403 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the main genes in rice involved in the biosynthesis of secondary wall components have been characterized, the molecular mechanism underlying coordinated regulation of genes expression is not clear. In this study, we reported a new rice variety, cef1, showed the culm easily fragile (CEF) without other concomitant phenotypes. The CEF1 gene encodes a MYB family transcription factor OsMYB103L, was cloned based on map-based approach. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that CEF1 belongs to the R2R3-MYB subfamily and highly similar to Arabidopsis AtMYB103. Expression pattern analysis indicated that CEF1 is mainly expressed in internodes and panicles. Biochemical assays demonstrated that OsMYB103L is a nuclear protein and shows high transcriptional activation activity at C-terminus. OsMYB103L mediates cellulose biosynthesis and secondary walls formation mainly through directly binding the CESA4, CESA7, CESA9 and BC1 promoters and regulating their expression. OsMYB103L may also function as a master switch to regulate the expression of several downstream TFs, which involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Furthermore, OsMYB103L physically interacts with SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), a DELLA repressor of GA signaling, and involved in GA-mediated regulation of cellulose synthesis pathway. Our findings revealed that OsMYB103L plays an important role in GA-regulating secondary cell wall synthesis, and the manipulation of this gene provide a new strategy to help the straw decay in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, China
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Binmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, China
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weimin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiangbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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36
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Ebert B, Rautengarten C, Guo X, Xiong G, Stonebloom S, Smith-Moritz AM, Herter T, Chan LJG, Adams PD, Petzold CJ, Pauly M, Willats WGT, Heazlewood JL, Scheller HV. Identification and Characterization of a Golgi-Localized UDP-Xylose Transporter Family from Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1218-27. [PMID: 25804536 PMCID: PMC4558686 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.133827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Most glycosylation reactions require activated glycosyl donors in the form of nucleotide sugars to drive processes such as posttranslational modifications and polysaccharide biosynthesis. Most plant cell wall polysaccharides are biosynthesized in the Golgi apparatus from cytosolic-derived nucleotide sugars, which are actively transferred into the Golgi lumen by nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs). An exception is UDP-xylose, which is biosynthesized in both the cytosol and the Golgi lumen by a family of UDP-xylose synthases. The NST-based transport of UDP-xylose into the Golgi lumen would appear to be redundant. However, employing a recently developed approach, we identified three UDP-xylose transporters in the Arabidopsis thaliana NST family and designated them UDP-XYLOSE TRANSPORTER1 (UXT1) to UXT3. All three transporters localize to the Golgi apparatus, and UXT1 also localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutants in UXT1 exhibit ∼30% reduction in xylose in stem cell walls. These findings support the importance of the cytosolic UDP-xylose pool and UDP-xylose transporters in cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Ebert
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, C 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Carsten Rautengarten
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xiaoyuan Guo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, C 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guangyan Xiong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Solomon Stonebloom
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Andreia M Smith-Moritz
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Thomas Herter
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Leanne Jade G Chan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Paul D Adams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Markus Pauly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - William G T Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, C 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Henrik Vibe Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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37
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The Golgi localized bifunctional UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporter family of Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11563-8. [PMID: 25053812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406073111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that plays a key role in plant growth, structural integrity, and defense. The cell wall is a complex and diverse structure that is mainly composed of polysaccharides. The majority of noncellulosic cell wall polysaccharides are produced in the Golgi apparatus from nucleotide sugars that are predominantly synthesized in the cytosol. The transport of these nucleotide sugars from the cytosol into the Golgi lumen is a critical process for cell wall biosynthesis and is mediated by a family of nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs). Numerous studies have sought to characterize substrate-specific transport by NSTs; however, the availability of certain substrates and a lack of robust methods have proven problematic. Consequently, we have developed a novel approach that combines reconstitution of NSTs into liposomes and the subsequent assessment of nucleotide sugar uptake by mass spectrometry. To address the limitation of substrate availability, we also developed a two-step reaction for the enzymatic synthesis of UDP-l-rhamnose (Rha) by expressing the two active domains of the Arabidopsis UDP-l-Rha synthase. The liposome approach and the newly synthesized substrates were used to analyze a clade of Arabidopsis NSTs, resulting in the identification and characterization of six bifunctional UDP-l-Rha/UDP-d-galactose (Gal) transporters (URGTs). Further analysis of loss-of-function and overexpression plants for two of these URGTs supported their roles in the transport of UDP-l-Rha and UDP-d-Gal for matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis.
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38
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Zuo J, Li J. Molecular dissection of complex agronomic traits of rice: a team effort by Chinese scientists in recent years. Natl Sci Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwt004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rice is a staple food for more than half of the worldwide population and is also a model species for biological studies on monocotyledons. Through a team effort, Chinese scientists have made rapid and important progresses in rice biology in recent years. Here, we briefly review these advances, emphasizing on the regulatory mechanisms of the complex agronomic traits that affect rice yield and grain quality. Progresses in rice genome biology and genome evolution have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Kaneko K, Inomata T, Masui T, Koshu T, Umezawa Y, Itoh K, Pozueta-Romero J, Mitsui T. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 exerts a negative effect on starch accumulation and growth in rice seedlings under high temperature and CO2 concentration conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:320-32. [PMID: 24092883 PMCID: PMC3913438 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) is a widely distributed enzymatic activity occurring in both plants and mammals that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of the pyrophosphate and phosphodiester bonds of a number of nucleotides. Unlike mammalian NPPs, the physiological function of plant NPPs remains largely unknown. Using a complete rice NPP1-encoding cDNA as a probe, in this work we have screened a rice shoot cDNA library and obtained complete cDNAs corresponding to six NPP genes (NPP1-NPP6). As a first step to clarify the role of NPPs, recombinant NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6 were purified from transgenic rice cells constitutively expressing NPP1, NPP2 and NPP6, respectively, and their enzymatic properties were characterized. NPP1 and NPP6 exhibited hydrolytic activities toward ATP, UDP-glucose and the starch precursor molecule, ADP-glucose, whereas NPP2 did not recognize nucleotide sugars as substrates, but hydrolyzed UDP, ADP and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate. To gain insight into the physiological function of rice NPP1, an npp1 knockout mutant was characterized. The ADP-glucose hydrolytic activities in shoots of npp1 rice seedlings were 8% of those of the wild type (WT), thus indicating that NPP1 is a major determinant of ADP-glucose hydrolytic activity in rice shoots. Importantly, when seedlings were cultured at 160 Pa CO2 under a 28°C/23°C (12 h light/12 h dark) regime, npp1 shoots and roots were larger than those of wild-type (WT) seedlings. Furthermore, the starch content in the npp1 shoots was higher than that of WT shoots. Growth and starch accumulation were also enhanced under an atmospheric CO2 concentration (40 Pa) when plants were cultured under a 33°C/28°C regime. The overall data strongly indicate that NPP1 exerts a negative effect on plant growth and starch accumulation in shoots, especially under high CO2 concentration and high temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kaneko
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Takuya Inomata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Takahiro Masui
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Koshu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Yukiho Umezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Kimiko Itoh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC, UPNA, Gobierno de Navarra). Mutiloako etorbidea zenbaki gabe, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +81-25-262-6641
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40
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Dynamic metabolic flux analysis of plant cell wall synthesis. Metab Eng 2013; 18:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Rao Y, Yang Y, Xin D, Li X, Zhai K, Ma B, Pan J, Qian Q, Zeng D. Characterization and cloning of a brittle culm mutant (bc88) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Mortimer JC, Yu X, Albrecht S, Sicilia F, Huichalaf M, Ampuero D, Michaelson LV, Murphy AM, Matsunaga T, Kurz S, Stephens E, Baldwin TC, Ishii T, Napier JA, Weber AP, Handford MG, Dupree P. Abnormal glycosphingolipid mannosylation triggers salicylic acid-mediated responses in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1881-94. [PMID: 23695979 PMCID: PMC3694712 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana protein GOLGI-LOCALIZED NUCLEOTIDE SUGAR TRANSPORTER (GONST1) has been previously identified as a GDP-d-mannose transporter. It has been hypothesized that GONST1 provides precursors for the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, such as glucomannan. Here, we show that in vitro GONST1 can transport all four plant GDP-sugars. However, gonst1 mutants have no reduction in glucomannan quantity and show no detectable alterations in other cell wall polysaccharides. By contrast, we show that a class of glycosylated sphingolipids (glycosylinositol phosphoceramides [GIPCs]) contains Man and that this mannosylation is affected in gonst1. GONST1 therefore is a Golgi GDP-sugar transporter that specifically supplies GDP-Man to the Golgi lumen for GIPC synthesis. gonst1 plants have a dwarfed phenotype and a constitutive hypersensitive response with elevated salicylic acid levels. This suggests an unexpected role for GIPC sugar decorations in sphingolipid function and plant defense signaling. Additionally, we discuss these data in the context of substrate channeling within the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C. Mortimer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Albrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Sicilia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Mariela Huichalaf
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Ampuero
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Louise V. Michaelson
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex M. Murphy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Toshiro Matsunaga
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
- National Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Samantha Kurz
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elaine Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C. Baldwin
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, United Kingdom
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas P.M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael G. Handford
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to
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43
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Molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis, and expression profiling of a grape CMP-sialic acid transporter-like gene induced by phytohormone and abiotic stress. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Wang D, Yuan S, Yin L, Zhao J, Guo B, Lan J, Li X. A missense mutation in the transmembrane domain of CESA9 affects cell wall biosynthesis and plant growth in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 196:117-24. [PMID: 23017906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a model organism in poaceae plants to study cell wall biosynthesis. In this study, a mutant S1-60 isolated from an EMS mutagenized japonica cultivar Nipponbare, is characterized by brittle culms that can be easily broken by bending. The reduction in mechanical strength was due to defect in thickening of the sclerenchyma cell wall. The amount of cellulose in S1-60 culms was reduced to 44.7% of that of wild-type plants. Besides, the mutant also exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes, such as dwarfism and partial sterility. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning showed that all the phenotype of S1-60 mutant was caused by a recessive point mutation in the OsCESA9 gene, which encodes the cellulose synthase A subunit 9. This yet uncharacterized missense mutation changed the highly conserved G905 to D at the beginning of the fifth transmembrane domain. The OsCESA9 gene is predominantly expressed in the culms of mature stage plants, consistent with the brittle phenotype in the culm. These results indicate that OsCESA9 plays an important role in cell wall biosynthesis and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng Wang
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Handford M, Rodríguez-Furlán C, Marchant L, Segura M, Gómez D, Alvarez-Buylla E, Xiong GY, Pauly M, Orellana A. Arabidopsis thaliana AtUTr7 encodes a golgi-localized UDP-glucose/UDP-galactose transporter that affects lateral root emergence. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:1263-80. [PMID: 22933714 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs) are antiporters comprising a gene family that plays a fundamental role in the biosynthesis of complex cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins in plants. However, due to the limited number of related mutants that have observable phenotypes, the biological function(s) of most NSTs in cell wall biosynthesis and assembly have remained elusive. Here, we report the characterization of AtUTr7 from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.), which is homologous to multi-specific UDP-sugar transporters from Drosophila melanogaster, humans, and Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that AtUTr7 possesses the common structural characteristics conserved among NSTs. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged version, we demonstrate that AtUTr7 is localized in the Golgi apparatus. We also show that AtUTr7 is widely expressed, especially in the roots and in specific floral organs. Additionally, the results of an in vitro nucleotide sugar transport assay carried out with a tobacco and a yeast expression system suggest that AtUTr7 is capable of transferring UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc, but not a range of other UDP- and GDP-sugars, into the Golgi lumen. Mutants lacking expression of AtUTr7 exhibited an early proliferation of lateral roots as well as distorted root hairs when cultivated at high sucrose concentrations. Furthermore, the distribution of homogalacturonan with a low degree of methyl esterification differed in lateral root tips of the mutant compared to wild-type plants, although additional analytical procedures revealed no further differences in the composition of the root cell walls. This evidence suggests that the transport of UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc into the Golgi under conditions of high root biomass production plays a role in lateral root and root hair development.
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46
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Haferkamp I, Linka N. Functional expression and characterisation of membrane transport proteins. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:675-90. [PMID: 22639981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transporters set the framework organising the complexity of plant metabolism in cells, tissues and organisms. Their substrate specificity and controlled activity in different cells is a crucial part for plant metabolism to run pathways in concert. Transport proteins catalyse the uptake and exchange of ions, substrates, intermediates, products and cofactors across membranes. Given the large number of metabolites, a wide spectrum of transporters is required. The vast majority of in silico annotated membrane transporters in plant genomes, however, has not yet been functionally characterised. Hence, to understand the metabolic network as a whole, it is important to understand how transporters connect and control the metabolic pathways of plant cells. Heterologous expression and in vitro activity studies of recombinant transport proteins have highly improved their functional analysis in the last two decades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in membrane protein expression and functional characterisation using various host systems and transport assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N Linka
- Plant Physiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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47
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Chou YH, Pogorelko G, Zabotina OA. Xyloglucan xylosyltransferases XXT1, XXT2, and XXT5 and the glucan synthase CSLC4 form Golgi-localized multiprotein complexes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1355-66. [PMID: 22665445 PMCID: PMC3425183 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.199356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan is the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the primary cell walls of most vascular dicotyledonous plants and has important structural and physiological functions in plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the 1,4-β-glucan synthase, Cellulose Synthase-Like C4 (CSLC4), and three xylosyltransferases, XXT1, XXT2, and XXT5, act in the Golgi to form the xylosylated glucan backbone during xyloglucan biosynthesis. However, the functional organization of these enzymes in the Golgi membrane is currently unknown. In this study, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vitro pull-down assays to investigate the supramolecular organization of the CSLC4, XXT1, XXT2, and XXT5 proteins in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Quantification of bimolecular fluorescence complementation fluorescence by flow cytometry allowed us to perform competition assays that demonstrated the high probability of protein-protein complex formation in vivo and revealed differences in the abilities of these proteins to form multiprotein complexes. Results of in vitro pull-down assays using recombinant proteins confirmed that the physical interactions among XXTs occur through their catalytic domains. Additionally, coimmunoprecipitation of XXT2YFP and XXT5HA proteins from Arabidopsis protoplasts indicated that while the formation of the XXT2-XXT2 homocomplex involves disulfide bonds, the formation of the XXT2-XXT5 heterocomplex does not involve covalent interactions. The combined data allow us to propose that the proteins involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis function in a multiprotein complex composed of at least two homocomplexes, CSLC4-CSLC4 and XXT2-XXT2, and three heterocomplexes, XXT2-XXT5, XXT1-XXT2, and XXT5-CSLC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology (Y.-H.C., G.P., O.A.Z.) and Interdepartmental Plant Biology Program (Y.-H.C.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Gennady Pogorelko
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology (Y.-H.C., G.P., O.A.Z.) and Interdepartmental Plant Biology Program (Y.-H.C.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Olga A. Zabotina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology (Y.-H.C., G.P., O.A.Z.) and Interdepartmental Plant Biology Program (Y.-H.C.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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49
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Hong L, Qian Q, Tang D, Wang K, Li M, Cheng Z. A mutation in the rice chalcone isomerase gene causes the golden hull and internode 1 phenotype. PLANTA 2012; 236:141-51. [PMID: 22286805 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of flavonoids, important secondary plant metabolites, has been investigated extensively, but few mutants of genes in this pathway have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa). The rice gold hull and internode (gh) mutants exhibit a reddish-brown pigmentation in the hull and internode and their phenotype has long been used as a morphological marker trait for breeding and genetic study. Here, we characterized that the gh1 mutant was a mutant of the rice chalcone isomerase gene (OsCHI). The result showed that gh1 had a Dasheng retrotransposon inserted in the 5′ UTR of the OsCHI gene, which resulted in the complete loss of OsCHI expression. gh1 exhibited golden pigmentation in hulls and internodes once the panicles were exposed to light. The total flavonoid content in gh1 hulls was increased threefold compared to wild type. Consistent with the gh1 phenotype, OsCHI transcripts were expressed in most tissues of rice and most abundantly in internodes. It was also expressed at high levels in panicles before heading, distributed mainly in lemmas and paleae, but its expression decreased substantially after the panicles emerged from the sheath. OsCHI encodes a protein functionally and structurally conserved to chalcone isomerases in other species. Our findings demonstrated that the OsCHI gene was indispensable for flux of the flavonoid pathway in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
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Progress in the biological synthesis of the plant cell wall: new ideas for improving biomass for bioenergy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 23:330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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