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Mizuno D, Kawahara M, Konoha-Mizuno K, Hama R, Ogawara T. The Role of Zinc in the Development of Vascular Dementia and Parkinson's Disease and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1296. [PMID: 38927502 PMCID: PMC11201809 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic zinc ions (Zn2+) play an important role in the development of vascular dementia (VD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this article, we reviewed the current comprehension of the Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity that leads to the pathogenesis of these neuronal diseases. Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity was investigated by using immortalised hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7 cells). This cell line is useful for the development of a rapid and convenient screening system for investigating Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity. GT1-7 cells were also used to search for substances that prevent Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity. Among the tested substances was a protective substance in the extract of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), and we determined its structure to be like carnosine (β-alanylhistidine). Carnosine may be a therapeutic drug for VD and PD. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms that involve the role of carnosine as an endogenous protector and its protective effect against Zn2+-induced cytotoxicity and discussed the prospects for the future therapeutic applications of this dipeptide for neurodegenerative diseases and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Mizuno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan; (K.K.-M.); (R.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi 202-8585, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Keiko Konoha-Mizuno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan; (K.K.-M.); (R.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Ryoji Hama
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan; (K.K.-M.); (R.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Terumasa Ogawara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan; (K.K.-M.); (R.H.); (T.O.)
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Palai D, De A, Prasad PS, Roy T, Mukherjee S, Dhara S, Das S, Das K. Feasibility Insights of the Green-Assisted Calcium-Phosphate Coating on Biodegradable Zinc Alloys for Biomedical Application: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38699930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In the field of bone tissue engineering, recently developed Zn alloy scaffolds are considered potential candidates for biodegradable implants for bone regeneration and defect reconstruction. However, the clinical success of these alloys is limited due to their insufficient surface bioactivities. Further, the higher concentration of Zn2+ produced during degradation promotes antibacterial activity, but deteriorates osteogenic properties. This study fabricated an Azadirachta indica (neem)-assisted brushite-hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on the recently developed Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg alloy to tackle the above dilemma. The microstructure, degradation behavior, antibacterial activity, and hemocompatibility, along with in vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility of the coated alloys, are systematically investigated. Microstructural analysis reveals flower-like morphology with uniformly grown flakes for neem-assisted deposition. The neem-assisted deposition significantly improves the adhesion strength from 12.7 to 18.8 MPa, enhancing the mechanical integrity. The potentiodynamic polarization study shows that the neem-assisted deposition decreases the degradation rate, with the lowest degradation rate of 0.027 mm/yr for the ZHN2 sample. In addition, the biomineralization process shows the apatite formation on the deposited coating after 21 days of immersion. In vitro cytotoxicity assay exhibits the maximum cell viability of 117% for neem-assisted coated alloy in 30% extract after 5d and the improved cytocompatibility which is due to the controlled release of Zn2+ ions. Meanwhile, neem-assisted coated alloy increases the ZOI by 32 and 24% for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Acceptable hemolysis (<5%) and anticoagulation parameters demonstrate a promising hemocompatibility of the coated alloy. In vivo implantation illustrates a slight inflammatory response and vascularization after 2 weeks of subcutaneous implantation, and neo-bone formation in the defect areas of the rat femur. Micro-CT and histology studies demonstrate better osseointegration with satisfactory biosafety response for the neem-assisted coated alloy as compared to that without neem-assisted deposition. Hence, this neem-assisted brushite-Hap coating strategy elucidates a new perspective on the surface modification of biodegradable implants for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Palai
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Amiyangshu De
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - P Siva Prasad
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Trina Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Karabi Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Yang X, Li W, Ding M, Liu KJ, Qi Z, Zhao Y. Contribution of zinc accumulation to ischemic brain injury and its mechanisms about oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy: an update. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae012. [PMID: 38419293 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and presently, there is no effective neuroprotective therapy. Zinc is an essential trace element that plays important physiological roles in the central nervous system. Free zinc concentration is tightly regulated by zinc-related proteins in the brain under normal conditions. Disruption of zinc homeostasis, however, has been found to play an important role in the mechanism of brain injury following ischemic stroke. A large of free zinc releases from storage sites after cerebral ischemia, which affects the functions and survival of nerve cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, resulting in cell death. Ischemia-triggered intracellular zinc accumulation also disrupts the function of blood-brain barrier via increasing its permeability, impairing endothelial cell function, and altering tight junction levels. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been reported to be as major pathological mechanisms in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Studies have showed that the accumulation of intracellular free zinc could impair mitochondrial function to result in oxidative stress, and form a positive feedback loop between zinc accumulation and reactive oxygen species production, which leads to a series of harmful reactions. Meanwhile, elevated intracellular zinc leads to neuroinflammation. Recent studies also showed that autophagy is one of the important mechanisms of zinc toxicity after ischemic injury. Interrupting the accumulation of zinc will reduce cerebral ischemia injury and improve neurological outcomes. This review summarizes the role of zinc toxicity in cellular and tissue damage following cerebral ischemia, focusing on the mechanisms about oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mao Ding
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
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Zhang T, Wang S, Hua D, Shi X, Deng H, Jin S, Lv X. Identification of ZIP8-induced ferroptosis as a major type of cell death in monocytes under sepsis conditions. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102985. [PMID: 38103342 PMCID: PMC10764267 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogenous syndrome with concurrent hyperinflammation and immune suppression. A prominent feature of immunosuppression during sepsis is the dysfunction and loss of monocytes; however, the major type of cell death contributing to this depletion, as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms, are yet to be identified. In this study, we confirmed the monocyte loss in septic patients based on a pooled gene expression data of periphery leukocytes. Using the collected reference gene sets from databases and published studies, we identified ferroptosis with a greater capacity to distinguish between sepsis and control samples than other cell death types. Further investigation on the molecular drivers, by a genetic algorithm-based feature selection and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, revealed that zrt-/irt-like protein 8 (ZIP8), encoded by SLC39A8, was closely associated with ferroptosis of monocytes during sepsis. We validated the increase of ZIP8 of monocytes with in vivo and in vitro experiments. The in vitro studies also showed that downregulation of ZIP8 alleviated the lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid peroxidation, as well as restoring the reduction of GPX4, FTH1 and xCT. These findings suggest that ferroptosis might be a key factor in the loss of monocytes during sepsis, and that the heightened expression of ZIP8 may facilitate this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongsheng Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huimin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Einenkel AM, Salameh A. Selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells: What are possible pathomechanisms and should more attention be paid to the CA3 region in future studies? J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25276. [PMID: 38284845 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Transient ischemia and reperfusion selectively damage neurons in brain, with hippocampal pyramidal cells being particularly vulnerable. Even within hippocampus, heterogeneous susceptibility is evident, with higher vulnerability of CA1 versus CA3 neurons described for several decades. Therefore, numerous studies have focused exclusively on CA1. Pediatric cardiac surgery is increasingly focusing on studies of hippocampal structures, and a negative impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on the hippocampus cannot be denied. Recent studies show a shift in selective vulnerability from neurons of CA1 to CA3. This review shows that cell damage is increased in CA3, sometimes stronger than in CA1, depending on several factors (method, species, age, observation period). Despite a highly variable pattern, several markers illustrate greater damage to CA3 neurons than previously assumed. Nevertheless, the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been fully deciphered to date. The complexity is reflected in possible pathomechanisms discussed here, with numerous factors (NMDA, kainate and AMPA receptors, intrinsic oxidative stress potential and various radicals, AKT isoforms, differences in vascular architecture, ratio of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 factors, vulnerability of interneurons, mitochondrial dysregulation) contributing to either enhanced CA1 or CA3 vulnerability. Furthermore, differences in expressed genome, proteome, metabolome, and transcriptome in CA1 and CA3 appear to influence differential behavior after damaging stimuli, thus metabolomics-, transcriptomics-, and proteomics-based analyses represent a viable option to identify pathways of selective vulnerability in hippocampal neurons. These results emphasize that future studies should focus on the CA3 field in addition to CA1, especially with regard to improving therapeutic strategies after ischemic/hypoxic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Einenkel
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aida Salameh
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Leipzig, Germany
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Zhang Z, Liu A, Fan J, Wang M, Dai J, Jin X, Deng H, Wang X, Liang Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Wen P, Li Y. A drug-loaded composite coating to improve osteogenic and antibacterial properties of Zn-1Mg porous scaffolds as biodegradable bone implants. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:488-504. [PMID: 37180641 PMCID: PMC10173180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) alloy porous scaffolds produced by additive manufacturing own customizable structures and biodegradable functions, having a great application potential for repairing bone defect. In this work, a hydroxyapatite (HA)/polydopamine (PDA) composite coating was constructed on the surface of Zn-1Mg porous scaffolds fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, and was loaded with a bioactive factor BMP2 and an antibacterial drug vancomycin. The microstructure, degradation behavior, biocompatibility, antibacterial performance and osteogenic activities were systematically investigated. Compared with as-built Zn-1Mg scaffolds, the rapid increase of Zn2+, which resulted to the deteriorated cell viability and osteogenic differentiation, was inhibited due to the physical barrier of the composite coating. In vitro cellular and bacterial assay indicated that the loaded BMP2 and vancomycin considerably enhanced the cytocompatibility and antibacterial performance. Significantly improved osteogenic and antibacterial functions were also observed according to in vivo implantation in the lateral femoral condyle of rats. The design, influence and mechanism of the composite coating were discussed accordingly. It was concluded that the additively manufactured Zn-1Mg porous scaffolds together with the composite coating could modulate biodegradable performance and contribute to effective promotion of bone recovery and antibacterial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Aobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiadong Fan
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Menglin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jiabao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huanze Deng
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yijie Liang
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopedics Implants, Beijing, 100048, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Peng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100039, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
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7
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Albrecht EA, Carter JD, Garbar V, Choudhary A, Tomlins SA. Intracellular Zinc Trafficking during Crotalus atrox Venom Wound Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076763. [PMID: 37047742 PMCID: PMC10094922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined zinc trafficking in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) stimulated with Crotalus atrox (CA venom) snake venom. We utilized MTS cytotoxicity assays to monitor the cytotoxic range of CA venom. HUVEC monolayers stimulated with 10 µg/mL CA venom for 3 h displayed cellular retraction, which coincided with 53.0 ± 6.5 percent viability. In contrast, venom concentrations of 100 µg/mL produced a complete disruption of cellular adherence and viability decreased to 36.6 ± 1.0. The zinc probe Fluozin-3AM was used to detect intracellular zinc in non-stimulated controls, HUVEC stimulated with 10 µg/mL CA venom or HUVEC preincubated with TPEN for 2 h then stimulated with 10 µg/mL CA venom. Fluorescent intensity analysis returned values of 1434.3 ± 197.4 for CA venom demonstrating an increase of about two orders of magnitude in labile zinc compared to non-stimulated controls. Endothelial response to CA venom induced a 96.1 ± 3.0- and 4.4 ± 0.41-fold increase in metallothionein 1X (MT1X) and metallothionein 2A (MT2A) gene expression. Zinc chelation during CA venom stimulation significantly increased cell viability, suggesting that the maintenance of zinc homeostasis during envenomation injury improves cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Albrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Jasmine D Carter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Veronica Garbar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Abeeha Choudhary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Huang A, Hu A, Li L, Ma C, Yang T, Gao H, Zhu C, Cai Z, Qiu X, Xu J, Shen J, Zhong L, Chen G. Effect of Zn 2+ on emodin molecules studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122217. [PMID: 36529043 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emodin is a natural drug for treating neurodegenerative diseases and plays a vital role in the mitigation of nerve damage. Metal ions can modify the drug properties of emodin, where Zn2+ can synergize with the emodin molecule and enhance the drug effect of emodin. Besides, complex changes can be observed in the fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime of the emodin molecule as the concentration of Zn2+ increases. Herein, the synergistic effects of ligand structural in Zn(II)-Emodin complexes and the electronic effects of metal elements on the antioxidant properties of the complexes are discussed in detail based on UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique and quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The experimental results confirm that Zn2+ can coordinate with the hydroxyl groups on the emodin to make the molecule structure more rigid, thus inhibiting the non-radiative processes such as high-frequency vibrations of the emodin molecule in solution. The suppression of non-radiative processes leads to an increase in the average fluorescence lifetime of the emodin molecule, and finally results in the enhanced fluorescence intensity. The chemical softness of Zn(II)-Emodin is then confirmed to be higher than that of emodin by Gaussian calculations, indicating its higher chemical reactivity and lower stability. The stronger electron donating ability of Zn(II)-Emodin compared to emodin may explain the higher antioxidant activity of Zn(II)-Emodin, which gives it a stronger pharmacological activity. The results of this study show that emodin can well complex with Zn2+ to remove excess Zn2+ in human body and the resulting complex has better antioxidant properties, which helps to understand the role of Zn2+ in drug-metal coordination and provides guidance for the design of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlan Huang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Anqi Hu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Taiqun Yang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Zicheng Cai
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Qiu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Jinzeng Xu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Jialu Shen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Lvyuan Zhong
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122 Wuxi, China.
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9
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Mun SA, Park J, Kang JY, Park T, Jin M, Yang J, Eom SH. Structural and biochemical insights into Zn 2+-bound EF-hand proteins, EFhd1 and EFhd2. IUCRJ 2023; 10:233-245. [PMID: 36862489 PMCID: PMC9980392 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
EF-hand proteins, which contain a Ca2+-binding EF-hand motif, are involved in regulating diverse cellular functions. Ca2+ binding induces conformational changes that modulate the activities of EF-hand proteins. Moreover, these proteins occasionally modify their activities by coordinating metals other than Ca2+, including Mg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, within their EF-hands. EFhd1 and EFhd2 are homologous EF-hand proteins with similar structures. Although separately localized within cells, both are actin-binding proteins that modulate F-actin rearrangement through Ca2+-independent actin-binding and Ca2+-dependent actin-bundling activity. Although Ca2+ is known to affect the activities of EFhd1 and EFhd2, it is not known whether their actin-related activities are affected by other metals. Here, the crystal structures of the EFhd1 and EFhd2 core domains coordinating Zn2+ ions within their EF-hands are reported. The presence of Zn2+ within EFhd1 and EFhd2 was confirmed by analyzing anomalous signals and the difference between anomalous signals using data collected at the peak positions as well as low-energy remote positions at the Zn K-edge. EFhd1 and EFhd2 were also found to exhibit Zn2+-independent actin-binding and Zn2+-dependent actin-bundling activity. This suggests the actin-related activities of EFhd1 and EFhd2 could be regulated by Zn2+ as well as Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang A Mun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Youn Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taein Park
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Eom
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kumar GD, Banasiewicz M, Wrzosek A, O'Mari O, Zochowska M, Vullev VI, Jacquemin D, Szewczyk A, Gryko DT. A sensitive zinc probe operating via enhancement of excited-state intramolecular charge transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7439-7447. [PMID: 36102673 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel highly sensitive fluorescent probes for zinc cations based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole scaffold were designed and synthesized. Large bathochromic shifts (≈80 nm) of fluorescence are observed when the Zn2+-recognition unit (di-(2-picolyl)amine) is bridged with the fluorophore possessing an additional pyridine unit able to participate in the coordination process. This effect originates from the dipolar architecture and the increasing electron-withdrawing properties of the diketopyrrolopyrrole core upon addition of the cation. The new, greenish-yellow emitting probes, which operate via modulation of intramolecular charge transfer, are very sensitive to the presence of Zn2+. Introduction of a morpholine unit in the diketopyrrolopyrrole structure induces a selective six-fold increase of the emission intensity upon zinc coordination. Importantly, the presence of other divalent biologically relevant metal cations has negligible effects and typically even at a 100-fold higher concentration of Mg2+/Zn2+, the effect is comparable. Computational studies rationalize the strong bathochromic shift upon Zn2+-complexation. Decorating the probes with the triphenylphosphonium cation and morpholine unit enables selective localization in the mitochondria and the lysosome of cardiac H9C2 cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Monika Zochowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes University, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR-6230, F-4400 Nantes, France.
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Zhang C, Dischler A, Glover K, Qin Y. Neuronal signalling of zinc: from detection and modulation to function. Open Biol 2022; 12:220188. [PMID: 36067793 PMCID: PMC9448499 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that stabilizes protein structures and allosterically modulates a plethora of enzymes, ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Labile zinc (Zn2+) acts as an intracellular and intercellular signalling molecule in response to various stimuli, which is especially important in the central nervous system. Zincergic neurons, characterized by Zn2+ deposits in synaptic vesicles and presynaptic Zn2+ release, are found in the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb and spinal cord. To provide an overview of synaptic Zn2+ and intracellular Zn2+ signalling in neurons, the present paper summarizes the fluorescent sensors used to detect Zn2+ signals, the cellular mechanisms regulating the generation and buffering of Zn2+ signals, as well as the current perspectives on their pleiotropic effects on phosphorylation signalling, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, as well as sensory and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Anna Dischler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Glover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
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12
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Zhang X, Jin G, Chen Z, Wu Y, Li Q, Liu P, Xi G. An efficient turn-on fluorescence chemosensor system for Zn(II) ions detection and imaging in mitochondria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112485. [PMID: 35809431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targetable fluorescent chemosensors, Rhodamine-B and rhodamine 6G bearing syringaldehyde based receptors were designed and synthesized for efficient chemosensing of Zinc(II) ions. The probes showed the very selective naked eye color change to pink from colorless upon addition of Zinc(II) ions, further these probes showing turn-on fluorescence enhancement with Zn(II) ions by opening of rhodamine spirolactam. The probes are very sensitive towards Zn(II) ions among other ions. These probes RBS and R6S will be applicable to detect zinc ions upto the low level concentration 0.18 and 0.19 nano molar respectively. The affinity of these sensors RBS and R6S for Zinc (II) ions was found to be in the range of 1.12 × 104 M-1 and 7.28 × 104 M-1 respectively. 1H-nmr titrations of the probes with Zn(II) ions clearly indicating the spiroring opening of the spirolactam. DFT calculations supporting that the perceived photophysical changes of the probes on appendage of the zinc ions. Probes RBS and R6S are useable for selective staining mitochondria. Both of the probes are applicable to reveal labile Zn(II) in live Hela and MCF-7 cells via fluorescence imaging. RBS and R6S are also finding application on quantification of Zinc(II) ions inside mitochondria via fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- College Of Tobacco Science, flavors and fragrance engineering & technology Research center of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Guiyong Jin
- College Of Tobacco Science, flavors and fragrance engineering & technology Research center of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zeshao Chen
- Technology center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
| | - Yunjie Wu
- College Of Tobacco Science, flavors and fragrance engineering & technology Research center of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Technology center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College Of Tobacco Science, flavors and fragrance engineering & technology Research center of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Gaolei Xi
- Technology center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China.
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13
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Wei T, Huang S, Hu Q, Wang J, Huo Z, Liu C, Lu S, Chen H. Directed evolution of the genetically encoded zinc(II) FRET sensor ZapCY1. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130201. [PMID: 35835349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc(II) ions (Zn2+) play an essential role in living systems, with their delicate concentration balance differing among the various intracellular organelles. The spatiotemporal distribution and homeostasis of Zn2+ can be monitored through photoluminescence imaging using zinc sensors. Among such biosensors, genetically encoded fluorescent sensor proteins are attractive tools owing to their subcellular localization advantage and high biocompatibility. However, the limited fluorescent properties of these proteins, such as their insufficient quantum yield and dynamic range, restrict their practical use. In this study, we developed an expression-screening-directed evolution system and used it to improve ZapCY1, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor. After four rounds of directed evolution, the FRET dynamic range of the modified sensor (designated ZapTV-EH) was increased by 1.5-1.7-fold. With its enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and ability to detect a wide Zn2+ concentration range, ZapTV-EH proves to be a better visualization tool for monitoring Zn2+ at the subcellular level. Combined with the simplified subcloning and expression steps and sufficient mutant libraries, this directed evolution system may provide a more simple and efficient way to develop and optimize genetically encoded FRET sensors through high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shanqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhongzhong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shuyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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14
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Medvedeva YV, Yin HZ, Bazrafkan A, Yeromin A, Ji SG, Weiss-Hung EJ, Sharman E, Avilez AP, Maki N, Rafi MA, Tian G, Akbari Y, Weiss JH. Blocking Mitochondrial Zn 2+ Accumulation after Ischemia Reduces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Injury. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5281-5292. [PMID: 35623885 PMCID: PMC9236293 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0874-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn2+ is an important contributor to ischemic brain injury, and recent studies support the hypothesis that mitochondria are key sites of its injurious effects. In murine hippocampal slices (both sexes) subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), we found that Zn2+ accumulation and its entry into mitochondria precedes and contributes to the induction of acute neuronal death. In addition, if the ischemic episode is short (and sublethal), there is ongoing Zn2+ accumulation in CA1 mitochondria after OGD that may contribute to their delayed dysfunction. Using this slice model of sublethal OGD, we have examined Zn2+ contributions to the progression of changes evoked by OGD and occurring over 4-5 h. We detected progressive mitochondrial depolarization occurring from ∼2 h after ischemia, a large increase in spontaneous synaptic activity between 2 and 3 h, and mitochondrial swelling and fragmentation at 4 h. Blockade of the primary route for Zn2+ entry, the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (with ruthenium red [RR]) or Zn2+ chelation shortly after OGD withdrawal substantially attenuated the mitochondrial depolarization and the changes in synaptic activity. RR also largely reversed the mitochondrial swelling. Finally, using an in vivo rat (male) asphyxial cardiac arrest model of transient global ischemia, we found that ∼8 min asphyxia induces considerable injury of CA1 neurons 4 h later that is associated with strong Zn2+ accumulation within many damaged mitochondria. These effects were substantially attenuated by infusion of RR on reperfusion. Our findings highlight mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation after ischemia as a possible target for neuroprotective therapy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain ischemia is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability that still lacks effective treatment. After transient ischemia, delayed death of neurons occurs in vulnerable brain regions. There is a critical need to understand mechanisms of this delayed neurodegeneration which can be targeted for neuroprotection. We found progressive and long-lasting mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation to occur in highly vulnerable CA1 neurons after ischemia. Here we demonstrate that this Zn2+ accumulation contributes strongly to deleterious events occurring after ischemia, including mitochondrial dysfunction, swelling, and structural changes. We suggest that this mitochondrial Zn2+ entry may constitute a promising target for development of therapeutic interventions to be delivered after termination of an episode of transient global ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yama Akbari
- Departments of Neurology
- Anatomy & Neurobiology
- Neurological surgery
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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15
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Bomer N, Pavez-Giani MG, Grote Beverborg N, Cleland JGF, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P. Micronutrient deficiencies in heart failure: Mitochondrial dysfunction as a common pathophysiological mechanism? J Intern Med 2022; 291:713-731. [PMID: 35137472 PMCID: PMC9303299 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a devastating clinical syndrome, but current therapies are unable to abolish the disease burden. New strategies to treat or prevent heart failure are urgently needed. Over the past decades, a clear relationship has been established between poor cardiac performance and metabolic perturbations, including deficits in substrate uptake and utilization, reduction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and excessive reactive oxygen species production. Together, these perturbations result in progressive depletion of cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cardiac energy deprivation. Increasing the delivery of energy substrates (e.g., fatty acids, glucose, ketones) to the mitochondria will be worthless if the mitochondria are unable to turn these energy substrates into fuel. Micronutrients (including coenzyme Q10, zinc, copper, selenium and iron) are required to efficiently convert macronutrients to ATP. However, up to 50% of patients with heart failure are deficient in one or more micronutrients in cross-sectional studies. Micronutrient deficiency has a high impact on mitochondrial energy production and should be considered an additional factor in the heart failure equation, moving our view of the failing myocardium away from an "an engine out of fuel" to "a defective engine on a path to self-destruction." This summary of evidence suggests that supplementation with micronutrients-preferably as a package rather than singly-might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario G Pavez-Giani
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Soltani L, Samereh S, Mohammadi T. Effects of Different Concentrations of Zinc‐Oxide Nanoparticles on the Quality of Ram Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa during Storage at 4 ºC. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:864-875. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - Sarah Samereh
- Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - Tayebeh Mohammadi
- Department of Basic and Pathobiological Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Razi University Kermanshah Iran
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17
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Öcal Ö, Coşar A, Nazıroğlu M. Amantadine Attenuated Hypoxia-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Neurotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Inflammation via the Inhibition of TRPM2 and TRPV4 Channels. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3703-3720. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Killilea DW, Killilea AN. Mineral requirements for mitochondrial function: A connection to redox balance and cellular differentiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:182-191. [PMID: 35218912 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Professor Bruce Ames demonstrated that nutritional recommendations should be adjusted in order to 'tune-up' metabolism and reduce mitochondria decay, a hallmark of aging and many disease processes. A major subset of tunable nutrients are the minerals, which despite being integral to every aspect of metabolism are often deficient in the typical Western diet. Mitochondria are particularly rich in minerals, where they function as essential cofactors for mitochondrial physiology and overall cellular health. Yet substantial knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the form and function of these minerals needed for metabolic harmony. Some of the minerals have known activities in the mitochondria but with incomplete regulatory detail, whereas other minerals have no established mitochondrial function at all. A comprehensive metallome of the mitochondria is needed to fully understand the patterns and relationships of minerals within metabolic processes and cellular development. This brief overview serves to highlight the current progress towards understanding mineral homeostasis in the mitochondria and to encourage more research activity in key areas. Future work may likely reveal that adjusting the amounts of specific nutritional minerals has longevity benefits for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Killilea
- Office of Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alison N Killilea
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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19
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Abstract
The overload cytosolic free Ca2+ (cCa2+) influx-mediated excessive generation of oxidative stress in the pathophysiological conditions induces neuronal and cellular injury via the activation of cation channels. TRPM2 and TRPV4 channels are activated by oxidative stress, and their specific antagonists have not been discovered yet. The antioxidant and anti-Covid-19 properties of carvacrol (CARV) were recently reported. Hence, I suspected possible antagonist properties of CARV against oxidative stress (OS)/ADP-ribose (ADPR)-induced TRPM2 and GSK1016790A (GSK)-mediated TRPV4 activations in neuronal and kidney cells. I investigated the antagonist role of CARV on the activations of TRPM2 and TRPV4 in SH-SY5Y neuronal, BV-2 microglial, and HEK293 cells. The OS/ADPR and GSK in the cells caused to increase of TRPM2/TRPV4 current densities and overload cytosolic free Ca2+ (cCa2+) influx with an increase of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic (cROS), and mitochondrial (mROS) ROS. The changes were not observed in the absence of TRPM2 and TRPV4 or the presence of Ca2+ free extracellular buffer and PARP-1 inhibitors (PJ34 and DPQ). When OS-induced TRPM2 and GSK-induced TRPV4 activations were inhibited by the treatment of CARV, the increase of cROS, mROS, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, cell death, cCa2+ concentration, caspase -3, and caspase -9 levels were restored via upregulation of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, the treatment of CARV modulated the TRPM2 and TRPV4-mediated overload Ca2+ influx and may provide an avenue for protecting TRPM2 and TRPV4-mediated neurodegenerative diseases associated with the increase of mROS and cCa2+. The possible TRPM2 and TRPV4 blocker action of carvacrol (CARV) via the modulation oxidative stress and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. TRPM2 is activated by DNA damage-induced (via PARP-1 activation) ADP-ribose (ADPR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2O2), although it is inhibited by nonspecific inhibitors (ACA and 2-APB). TRPV4 is activated by the treatments of GSK1016790A (GSK), although it is inhibited by a nonspecific inhibitor (ruthenium red, RuRe). The treatment of GSK induces excessive generation of ROS. The accumulation of free cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) via the activations of TRPM2 and TRPV4 in the mitochondria causes the increase of mitochondrial membrane depolarization (ΔΨm). In turn, the increase of ΔΨm causes the excessive generation of ROS. The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. The oxidant and apoptotic adverse actions of TRPM2 and TRPV4 are modulated by the treatment of CARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Drug Discovery Unit, BSN Health, Analyses, Innovation, Consultancy, Organization, Agriculture and Trade Ltd, Isparta, TR-32260, Turkey.
- Departments of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, TR-32260, Turkey.
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20
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Li H, Kim H, Xu F, Han J, Yao Q, Wang J, Pu K, Peng X, Yoon J. Activity-based NIR fluorescent probes based on the versatile hemicyanine scaffold: design strategy, biomedical applications, and outlook. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1795-1835. [PMID: 35142301 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a near-infrared (NIR, 650-900 nm) fluorescent chromophore hemicyanine dye with high structural tailorability is of great significance in the field of detection, bioimaging, and medical therapeutic applications. It exhibits many outstanding advantages including absorption and emission in the NIR region, tunable spectral properties, high photostability as well as a large Stokes shift. These properties are superior to those of conventional fluorogens, such as coumarin, fluorescein, naphthalimides, rhodamine, and cyanine. Researchers have made remarkable progress in developing activity-based multifunctional fluorescent probes based on hemicyanine skeletons for monitoring vital biomolecules in living systems through the output of fluorescence/photoacoustic signals, and integration of diagnosis and treatment of diseases using chemotherapy or photothermal/photodynamic therapy or combination therapy. These achievements prompted researchers to develop more smart fluorescent probes using a hemicyanine fluorogen as a template. In this review, we begin by describing the brief history of the discovery of hemicyanine dyes, synthetic approaches, and design strategies for activity-based functional fluorescent probes. Then, many selected hemicyanine-based probes that can detect ions, small biomolecules, overexpressed enzymes and diagnostic reagents for diseases are systematically highlighted. Finally, potential drawbacks and the outlook for future investigation and clinical medicine transformation of hemicyanine-based activatable functional probes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457, Singapore. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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21
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Zhao Y, Ding M, Yang N, Huang Y, Sun C, Shi W. Zinc Accumulation Aggravates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1419-1428. [PMID: 35129772 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is highly enriched in the central nervous system. Numerous evidences suggest that high concentration of zinc acts as a critical mediator of neuronal death in the ischemic brain, however, the possible mechanisms of neurotoxicity of zinc during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remain elusive. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a storage location of intracellular zinc. ER stress related genes were up-regulated during zinc-induced neuronal death in vascular-type senile dementia. In the present study, we investigated whether intracellular accumulated zinc aggravates I/R injury through ER stress and ER stress-associated apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and received either vehicle or zinc chelator TPEN 15 mg/kg. The expression of ER stress related factors glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), ER stress related apoptotic proteins CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12, as well as anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. Our results showed that the levels of GRP78 and p-eIF2α, as well as CHOP and caspase-12, were increased in ischemic brain, indicating that cerebral I/R triggers ER stress. Furthermore, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were all colocalized with the zinc-specific dyes NG, suggesting that there is certain relationship between cytosolic labile zinc and ER stress following cerebral ischemia. Chelating zinc with TPEN reversed the expression of GRP78, p-eIF2α in ischemic rats. Moreover, CHOP and NeuN double staining positive cells, as well as caspase-12 and TUNEL double staining positive cells were also decreased after TPEN treatment, indicating that chelating zinc might inhibit ER stress and decreased ER stress associated neuronal apoptosis. In addition, TPEN treatment reversed the downregulated level of Bcl-2, which localized in the ER membrane and involved in the dysfunction of ER, confirming that the anti-apoptosis effects of chelating zinc following I/R are exerted via inhibition of the ER stress. Taken together, this study demonstrated that excessive zinc activates ER stress and zinc induced neuronal cell death is at least partially due to ER stress specific neuronal apoptosis in ischemic penumbra, which may provide an important mechanism of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Mao Ding
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chengjiao Sun
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, 100053, China
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22
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Chen Q, Lai C, Chen F, Ding Y, Zhou Y, Su S, Ni R, Tang Z. Emodin Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against Zinc-Induced Synaptic Impairment and Oxidative Stress Through the ERK1/2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821521. [PMID: 35197857 PMCID: PMC8859424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element important for the physiological function of the central nervous system. The abnormal accumulation of zinc inside neurons may induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contribute to many brain diseases. We hypothesized that natural anthraquinone derivative emodin can protect against neurotoxicity induced by pathological concentrations of zinc via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y 26 cells) was treated with zinc sulfate and different concentrations of emodin, and changes in the levels of ETK1/2 expression, oxidative stress (DCFH-DA staining), mitochondrial function (JC-1 staining), lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal staining), and DNA oxidation (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine staining) were examined. Emodin ameliorated zinc-induced altered expression of levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (not total ETK1/2) and synaptic proteins (presynaptic SNAP 25, synaptophysin and postsynaptic PSD95) in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, emodin inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress and facilitated the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, our results indicated that emodin exerts neuroprotective effects against zinc by normalizing synaptic impairment by decreasing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, reducing reactive oxygen species and protecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chencen Lai
- Preparation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Department of Miao Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanting Ding
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Songbai Su
- Preparation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi Tang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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23
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Folarin OR, Olopade FE, Olopade JO. Essential Metals in the Brain and the Application of Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry for their Detection. Niger J Physiol Sci 2021; 36:123-147. [PMID: 35947740 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v36i2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metals are natural component of the ecosystem present throughout the layers of atmosphere; their abundant expression in the brain indicates their importance in the central nervous system (CNS). Within the brain tissue, their distribution is highly compartmentalized, the pattern of which is determined by their primary roles. Bio-imaging of the brain to reveal spatial distribution of metals within specific regions has provided a unique understanding of brain biochemistry and architecture, linking both the structures and the functions through several metal mediated activities. Bioavailability of essential trace metal is needed for normal brain function. However, disrupted metal homeostasis can influence several biochemical pathways in different fields of metabolism and cause characteristic neurological disorders with a typical disease process usually linked with aberrant metal accumulations. In this review we give a brief overview of roles of key essential metals (Iron, Copper and Zinc) including their molecular mechanisms and bio-distribution in the brain as well as their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of related neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we also reviewed recent applications of Laser Ablation Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (LA-ICP-MS) in the detection of both toxic and essential metal dyshomeostasis in neuroscience research and other related brain diseases.
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Özşimşek A, Nazıroğlu M. The involvement of TRPV4 on the hypoxia-induced oxidative neurotoxicity and apoptosis in a neuronal cell line: Protective role of melatonin. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:136-148. [PMID: 34562506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia (HYPX)-mediated excessive generation of mitochondrial free reactive oxygen species (mROS) and the overload Ca2+ influx via the inhibition of TRPV4 are controlled by the treatment of antioxidants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying melatonin (MLT)'s neuroprotection remains elusive. We investigated the role of MLT via modulation of TRPV4 on oxidative neurodegeneration and death in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into five groups as follows: control, MLT (1 mM for 2 h), HYPX (200 μM CoCl2 for 24 h), HYPX + MLT, and HYPX + TRPV4 blockers (ruthenium red-1 μM for 30 min). The HYPX caused to the increase of TRPV4 current density and overload Ca2+ influx with an increase of mitochondrial membrane potential and mROS generation. The changes were not observed in the absence of TRPV4. When HYPX exposure and TRPV4 agonist (GSK1016790A)-induced TRPV4 activity were inhibited by the treatment of ruthenium red or MLT, the increase of mROS, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, Zn2+ concentrations, TRPV4, caspase -3, caspase -9, Bax, and Bcl-2 expressions were restored via upregulation of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant status. The levels of apoptosis and cell death in the cells were enriched with increases of caspase -3 and -9 activations, although they were decreased by MLT treatment. In conclusion, the treatment of MLT modulates HYPX-mediated mROS, apoptosis, and TRPV4-mediated overload Ca2+ influx and may provide an avenue for protecting HYPX-mediated neurological diseases associated with the increase of mROS, Ca2+, and Zn2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özşimşek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; Drug Discovery Unit, BSN Health, Analyses, Innovation, Consultancy, Organization, Agriculture, Industry and Trade LTD, Isparta, Turkey.
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25
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Zinc ionophores isolated from Terminalia bellirica fruit rind extract protect against cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116394. [PMID: 34509160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to isolate and characterize zinc ionophores from Terminalia bellirica fruit using a liposome assay and test its utility in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Ethyl acetate extract that exhibited zinc ionophore activity was resolved to yield three polyphenols that were characterized as epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin (EGC) by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectra. The polyphenols enhanced the uptake of zinc into the liposomes and increased FluoZin-3 fluorescence. These polyphenols in the presence of 10 μM ZnCl2 enhanced the zinc import into H9c2 cells, whose intracellular zinc levels were otherwise lowered upon hypoxia/reoxygenation. EGCG proved to be more potent than ECG, which indeed was more effective than EGC in improving cellular zinc levels and in attenuating the apoptosis of H9c2 cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. The polyphenols required zinc for anti-apoptotic effect. The cardioprotective effect is indeed due to enhanced zinc uptake mediated by these polyphenols.
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26
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Wang X, An P, Gu Z, Luo Y, Luo J. Mitochondrial Metal Ion Transport in Cell Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147525. [PMID: 34299144 PMCID: PMC8305404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital to life and provide biological energy for other organelles and cell physiological processes. On the mitochondrial double layer membrane, there are a variety of channels and transporters to transport different metal ions, such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that the metal ion transport is essential for mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP production, mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial volume, enzyme activity, signal transduction, proliferation and apoptosis. The homeostasis of mitochondrial metal ions plays an important role in maintaining mitochondria and cell functions and regulating multiple diseases. In particular, channels and transporters for transporting mitochondrial metal ions are very critical, which can be used as potential targets to treat neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current research on several types of mitochondrial metal ion channels/transporters and their functions in cell metabolism and diseases, providing strong evidence and therapeutic strategies for further insights into related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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27
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Cheng H, Yang B, Ke T, Li S, Yang X, Aschner M, Chen P. Mechanisms of Metal-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders. TOXICS 2021; 9:142. [PMID: 34204190 PMCID: PMC8235163 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metals are actively involved in multiple catalytic physiological activities. However, metal overload may result in neurotoxicity as it increases formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevates oxidative stress in the nervous system. Mitochondria are a key target of metal-induced toxicity, given their role in energy production. As the brain consumes a large amount of energy, mitochondrial dysfunction and the subsequent decrease in levels of ATP may significantly disrupt brain function, resulting in neuronal cell death and ensuing neurological disorders. Here, we address contemporary studies on metal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.C.); (X.Y.)
| | - Bobo Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.C.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.Y.); (T.K.)
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28
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Chen PH, Chi JT. Unexpected zinc dependency of ferroptosis: what is in a name? Oncotarget 2021; 12:1126-1127. [PMID: 34136082 PMCID: PMC8202775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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29
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The Multifaceted Roles of Zinc in Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050489. [PMID: 33946782 PMCID: PMC8145363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a highly abundant cation in the brain, essential for cellular functions, including transcription, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling. However, zinc can also trigger injurious cascades in neurons, contributing to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria, critical for meeting the high energy demands of the central nervous system (CNS), are a principal target of the deleterious actions of zinc. An increasing body of work suggests that intracellular zinc can, under certain circumstances, contribute to neuronal damage by inhibiting mitochondrial energy processes, including dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), leading to ATP depletion. Additional consequences of zinc-mediated mitochondrial damage include reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial permeability transition, and excitotoxic calcium deregulation. Zinc can also induce mitochondrial fission, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation, as well as inhibition of mitochondrial motility. Here, we review the known mechanisms responsible for the deleterious actions of zinc on the organelle, within the context of neuronal injury associated with neurodegenerative processes. Elucidating the critical contributions of zinc-induced mitochondrial defects to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration may provide insight into novel therapeutic targets in the clinical setting.
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30
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Cuajungco MP, Ramirez MS, Tolmasky ME. Zinc: Multidimensional Effects on Living Organisms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020208. [PMID: 33671781 PMCID: PMC7926802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a redox-inert trace element that is second only to iron in abundance in biological systems. In cells, zinc is typically buffered and bound to metalloproteins, but it may also exist in a labile or chelatable (free ion) form. Zinc plays a critical role in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, ranging from structural to catalytic to replication to demise. This review discusses the influential properties of zinc on various mechanisms of bacterial proliferation and synergistic action as an antimicrobial element. We also touch upon the significance of zinc among eukaryotic cells and how it may modulate their survival and death through its inhibitory or modulatory effect on certain receptors, enzymes, and signaling proteins. A brief discussion on zinc chelators is also presented, and chelating agents may be used with or against zinc to affect therapeutics against human diseases. Overall, the multidimensional effects of zinc in cells attest to the growing number of scientific research that reveal the consequential prominence of this remarkable transition metal in human health and disease.
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31
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Mun SA, Park J, Park KR, Lee Y, Kang JY, Park T, Jin M, Yang J, Jun CD, Eom SH. Structural and Biochemical Characterization of EFhd1/Swiprosin-2, an Actin-Binding Protein in Mitochondria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:628222. [PMID: 33537316 PMCID: PMC7848108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.628222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ regulates several cellular functions, including signaling events, energy production, and cell survival. These cellular processes are mediated by Ca2+-binding proteins, such as EF-hand superfamily proteins. Among the EF-hand superfamily proteins, allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and swiprosin-1/EF-hand domain-containing protein 2 (EFhd2) are cytosolic actin-binding proteins. AIF-1 modulates the cytoskeleton and increases the migration of immune cells. EFhd2 is also a cytoskeletal protein implicated in immune cell activation and brain cell functions. EFhd1, a mitochondrial fraternal twin of EFhd2, mediates neuronal and pro-/pre-B cell differentiation and mitoflash activation. Although EFhd1 is important for maintaining mitochondrial morphology and energy synthesis, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the EFhd1 core domain comprising a C-terminus of a proline-rich region, two EF-hand domains, and a ligand mimic helix. Structural comparisons of EFhd1, EFhd2, and AIF-1 revealed similarities in their overall structures. In the structure of the EFhd1 core domain, two Zn2+ ions were observed at the interface of the crystal contact, suggesting the possibility of Zn2+-mediated multimerization. In addition, we found that EFhd1 has Ca2+-independent β-actin-binding and Ca2+-dependent β-actin-bundling activities. These findings suggest that EFhd1, an actin-binding and -bundling protein in the mitochondria, may contribute to the Ca2+-dependent regulation of mitochondrial morphology and energy synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang A Mun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jongseo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ryoung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,NuclixBio, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Youn Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Taein Park
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jihyeong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Eom
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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32
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Krall RF, Tzounopoulos T, Aizenman E. The Function and Regulation of Zinc in the Brain. Neuroscience 2021; 457:235-258. [PMID: 33460731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nearly sixty years ago Fredrich Timm developed a histochemical technique that revealed a rich reserve of free zinc in distinct regions of the brain. Subsequent electron microscopy studies in Timm- stained brain tissue found that this "labile" pool of cellular zinc was highly concentrated at synaptic boutons, hinting a possible role for the metal in synaptic transmission. Although evidence for activity-dependent synaptic release of zinc would not be reported for another twenty years, these initial findings spurred decades of research into zinc's role in neuronal function and revealed a diverse array of signaling cascades triggered or regulated by the metal. Here, we delve into our current understanding of the many roles zinc plays in the brain, from influencing neurotransmission and sensory processing, to activating both pro-survival and pro-death neuronal signaling pathways. Moreover, we detail the many mechanisms that tightly regulate cellular zinc levels, including metal binding proteins and a large array of zinc transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Krall
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Thanos Tzounopoulos
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA.
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33
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The role of labile Zn 2+ and Zn 2+-transporters in the pathophysiology of mitochondria dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:971-989. [PMID: 33225416 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An important energy supplier of cardiomyocytes is mitochondria, similar to other mammalian cells. Studies have demonstrated that any defect in the normal processes controlled by mitochondria can lead to abnormal ROS production, thereby high oxidative stress as well as lack of ATP. Taken into consideration, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of ROS as well as the relation between increased ROS and high-level release of intracellular labile Zn2+, those bring into consideration the importance of the events related with those stimuli in cardiomyocytes responsible from cellular Zn2+-homeostasis and responsible Zn2+-transporters associated with the Zn2+-homeostasis and Zn2+-signaling. Zn2+-signaling, controlled by cellular Zn2+-homeostatic mechanisms, is regulated with intracellular labile Zn2+ levels, which are controlled, especially, with the two Zn2+-transporter families; ZIPs and ZnTs. Our experimental studies in mammalian cardiomyocytes and human heart tissue showed that Zn2+-transporters localizes to mitochondria besides sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum and Golgi under physiological condition. The protein levels as well as functions of those transporters can re-distribute under pathological conditions, therefore, they can interplay among organelles in cardiomyocytes to adjust a proper intracellular labile Zn2+ level. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the already known Zn2+-transporters localize to mitochondria and function to stabilize not only the cellular Zn2+ level but also cellular oxidative stress status. In conclusion, one can propose that a detailed understanding of cellular Zn2+-homeostasis and Zn2+-signaling through mitochondria may emphasize the importance of new mitochondria-targeting agents for prevention and/or therapy of cardiovascular dysfunction in humans.
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34
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Choi DW. Excitotoxicity: Still Hammering the Ischemic Brain in 2020. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:579953. [PMID: 33192266 PMCID: PMC7649323 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.579953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in excitotoxicity expanded following its implication in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury in the 1980s, but waned subsequent to the failure of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists in high profile clinical stroke trials. Nonetheless there has been steady progress in elucidating underlying mechanisms. This review will outline the historical path to current understandings of excitotoxicity in the ischemic brain, and suggest that this knowledge should be leveraged now to develop neuroprotective treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Choi
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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35
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Tripathi S, Kumari U, Mitra Mazumder P. Ameliorative effects of apple cider vinegar on neurological complications via regulation of oxidative stress markers. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13504. [PMID: 33084094 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dementia linked with cognitive impairments is the most prominent indication of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current investigation, we have examined the streptozotocin- (STZ) induced cellular toxicity in mouse neuroblastoma (N2A) cells, and Zn with the high-fat diet- (HFD) induced neurotoxicity in mouse brain. These cells and animals were pretreated with apple cider vinegar (ACV), Chrysin, and Rivastigmine to examine their protection against cellular toxicity and neurotoxicity. Experiments have affirmed that pretreatment of ACV, Chrysin, and Rivastigmine has displayed protective outcomes in MTT reduction, tau phosphorylation, amyloid aggregation, attenuated memory impairment as well as oxidative stress, and protected cholinergic hippocampal neurons from degeneration. ACV showed better antioxidant and neuroprotection potential as compared with Chrysin and Rivastigmine. So the existence of excitatory/inhibitory enzymatic activity and higher antioxidant potential indicate that ACV, as a food beverage in a regular diet, could be promising and effective against neurological complications such as AD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the Urban lifestyle, HFD and stress are the critical factors of various chronic and prevalent diseases, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders like AD. We are already familiar with the multiple benefits of ACV, such as weight loss, antimicrobial activity, diabetes, skin disorders. So in the current research work, we have gauged the effectiveness of ACV against neurological complications in comparison with a synthetic flavonoid (Chrysin) and an anti-Alzheimer's drug (Rivastigmine). To enhance the pragmatic orientation of our results, we have used the ACV in our study, which is readily available in the market for domestic consumption. All the cellular, biochemical, behavioral, and histopathological data revealed that ACV had high antioxidant potential. Our findings suggest that the addition of ACV as a food additive in the daily diet may reduce the threat of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, our study could be the precursor of a new pharmacological therapeutic approach via ACV toward cognitive impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Uma Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharkhand Rai University, Ranchi, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Fang L, Watkinson M. Subcellular localised small molecule fluorescent probes to image mobile Zn 2. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11366-11379. [PMID: 34094379 PMCID: PMC8162803 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04568c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn2+, as the second most abundant d-block metal in the human body, plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes, and the dysfunction of its homeostasis is related to many diseases, including Type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and prostate and breast cancers. Small molecule fluorescent probes, as effective tools for real-time imaging, have been widely used to study Zn2+ related processes. However, the failure to control their localisation in cells has limited their utility somewhat, as they are generally incapable of studying individual processes in a specific cellular location. This perspective presents an overview of the recent developments in specific organelle localised small molecule fluorescent Zn2+ probes and their application in biological milieu, which could help to extend our understanding of the mechanisms that cells use to respond to dysfunction of zinc homeostasis and its roles in disease initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- The Joseph Priestley Building, School of Biological and Chemical Science, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- The Lennard-Jones Laboratories, School of Chemical and Physical Science, Keele University ST5 5BG UK
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Zhao Y, Meng F, Ding C, Yu Y, Zhang G, Tzeng C. Gender-differentiated metabolic abnormalities of adult zebrafish with zinc pyrithione (ZPT) -induced hepatotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127177. [PMID: 32480090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) is an extensively used microbicidal agent and its toxicity to multiple organs has been gradually recognized. However, details of the mechanism of ZPT toxicity are lacking and profile studies at metabolic level are still greatly limited. In this work we investigated the effects of ZPT on metabolic pathways of zebrafish liver after twenty-one days of exposure. Our integrated approach was underpinned by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and liver function analysis. Metabolomic profiles were generated from the livers of ZPT-treated zebrafish and 172 significantly altered metabolite peaks were detected. As a result, ZPT caused altered perturbation of metabolic pathways in male and female zebrafish liver. Moreover, ZPT induced the liver injury with the changes of the metabolites 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DABA) with significant distinction between male and female zebrafish. ZPT caused gender-differentiated liver metabolic changes associated with the disruption of glycogenolysis and glycolysis metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, arginine biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Conclusively, exposure of ZPT may result in gender-differentiated metabolic abnormalities of adult zebrafish with induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China; Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Fanrong Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Cunbao Ding
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Chimeng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
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Kim YH, Eom JW, Koh JY. Mechanism of Zinc Excitotoxicity: A Focus on AMPK. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:577958. [PMID: 33041769 PMCID: PMC7522467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.577958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, it has been shown that complex signaling cascades are involved in zinc excitotoxicity. Free zinc rapidly induces PKC activation, which causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at least in part through NADPH oxidase. It also promotes neuronal nitric oxide synthase, thereby increasing nitric oxide (NO) production. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and Egr-1 transcription factor activity were quickly induced by zinc, too. These concurrent actions of kinases consequently produce oxygen free radical, ROS, and NO, which may cause severe DNA damage. Following the excessive activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 depletes NAD+/ATP in the cells. Zinc excitotoxicity exhibits distinct characteristics of apoptosis, too. Activation of caspase-3 is induced by liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)-Bim cascade signaling and induction of p75NTR receptors and p75NTR-associated Death Executor. Thus, zinc excitotoxicity is a mechanism of neuronal cell death showing various cell death patterns. In addition to the above signaling cascades, individual intracellular organelles also play a crucial role in zinc excitotoxicity. Mitochondria and lysosomes function as zinc reservoirs, and as such, are capable of regulating zinc concentration in the cytoplasm. However, when loaded with too much zinc, they may undergo mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), both of which are well-established mechanisms of cell death. Since zinc excitotoxicity has been reported to be associated with acute brain injuries, including stroke, trauma, and epilepsy, we performed to find the novel AMPK inhibitors as therapeutic agents for these diseases. Since we thought acute brain injury has complicated neuronal death pathways, we tried to see the neuroprotection against zinc excitotoxicity, calcium-overload excitotoxicity, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. We found that two chemicals showed significant neuroprotection against all cellular neurotoxic models we tested. Finally, we observed the reduction of infarct volume in a rat model of brain injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In this review, we introduced the AMPK-mediated cell death mechanism and novel strategy for the development of stroke therapeutics. The hope is that this understanding would provide a rationale for acute brain injury and eventually find new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Eom
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) Inhibition by Antioxidant, N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine, Reduces Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176026. [PMID: 32825703 PMCID: PMC7504640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pathogenic mechanisms, such as cytoplasmic calcium/zinc influx, reactive oxygen species production, and ionic imbalance, have been suggested to play a role in cerebral ischemia induced neurodegeneration. During the ischemic state that occurs after stroke or heart attack, it is observed that vesicular zinc can be released into the synaptic cleft, and then translocated into the cytoplasm via various cation channels. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is highly distributed in the central nervous system and has high sensitivity to oxidative damage. Several previous studies have shown that TRPM2 channel activation contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration cascades. Therefore, we examined whether anti-oxidant treatment, such as with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), provides neuroprotection via regulation of TRPM2, following global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Experimental animals were then immediately injected with NAC (150 mg/kg/day) for 3 and 7 days, before sacrifice. We demonstrated that NAC administration reduced activation of GCI-induced neuronal death cascades, such as lipid peroxidation, microglia and astroglia activation, free zinc accumulation, and TRPM2 over-activation. Therefore, modulation of the TRPM2 channel can be a potential therapeutic target to prevent ischemia-induced neuronal death.
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Strong MD, Hart MD, Tang TZ, Ojo BA, Wu L, Nacke MR, Agidew WT, Hwang HJ, Hoyt PR, Bettaieb A, Clarke SL, Smith BJ, Stoecker BJ, Lucas EA, Lin D, Chowanadisai W. Role of zinc transporter ZIP12 in susceptibility-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes and mitochondrial function. FASEB J 2020; 34:10702-12725. [PMID: 32716562 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000772r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain zinc dysregulation is linked to many neurological disorders. However, the mechanisms regulating brain zinc homeostasis are poorly understood. We performed secondary analyses of brain MRI GWAS and exome sequencing data from adults in the UK Biobank. Coding ZIP12 polymorphisms in zinc transporter ZIP12 (SLC39A12) were associated with altered brain susceptibility weighted MRI (swMRI). Conditional and joint association analyses revealed independent GWAS signals in linkage disequilibrium with 2 missense ZIP12 polymorphisms, rs10764176 and rs72778328, with reduced zinc transport activity. ZIP12 rare coding variants predicted to be deleterious were associated with similar impacts on brain swMRI. In Neuro-2a cells, ZIP12 deficiency by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) depletion or CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing resulted in impaired mitochondrial function, increased superoxide presence, and detectable protein carbonylation. Inhibition of Complexes I and IV of the electron transport chain reduced neurite outgrowth in ZIP12 deficient cells. Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and chemical antioxidants α-tocopherol, MitoTEMPO, and MitoQ restored neurite extension impaired by ZIP12 deficiency. Mutant forms of α-synuclein and tau linked to familial Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal dementia, respectively, reduced neurite outgrowth in cells deficient in ZIP12. Zinc and ZIP12 may confer resilience against neurological diseases or premature aging of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Strong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Matthew D Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Tony Z Tang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Babajide A Ojo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mariah R Nacke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Workneh T Agidew
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Hong J Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Peter R Hoyt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen L Clarke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Barbara J Stoecker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Aizenman E, Loring RH, Reynolds IJ, Rosenberg PA. The Redox Biology of Excitotoxic Processes: The NMDA Receptor, TOPA Quinone, and the Oxidative Liberation of Intracellular Zinc. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:778. [PMID: 32792905 PMCID: PMC7393236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue of Frontiers in Neuroscience-Neurodegeneration celebrates the 50th anniversary of John Olney's seminal work introducing the concept of excitotoxicity as a mechanism for neuronal cell death. Since that time, fundamental research on the pathophysiological activation of glutamate receptors has played a central role in our understanding of excitotoxic cellular signaling pathways, leading to the discovery of many potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of acute or chronic/progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Importantly, excitotoxic signaling processes have been found repeatedly to be closely intertwined with oxidative cellular cascades. With this in mind, this review looks back at long-standing collaborative efforts by the authors linking cellular redox status and glutamate neurotoxicity, focusing first on the discovery of the redox modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, followed by the study of the oxidative conversion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to the non-NMDA receptor agonist and neurotoxin 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA) quinone. Finally, we summarize our work linking oxidative injury to the liberation of zinc from intracellular metal binding proteins, leading to the uncovering of a signaling mechanism connecting excitotoxicity with zinc-activated cell death-signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ralph H. Loring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Paul A. Rosenberg
- Program in Neuroscience, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Akbari G. Role of Zinc Supplementation on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Various Organs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:1-9. [PMID: 31828721 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious condition which is associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, acute kidney injury, trauma, circulatory arrest, sickle cell disease, and sleep apnea and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Salts of zinc (Zn) are commonly used by humans and have protective effects against gastric, renal, hepatic, muscle, myocardial, or neuronal ischemic injury. The present review evaluates molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of Zn supplement against I/R injury. Data of this review have been collected from the scientific articles published in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Scientific Information Database from 1991 to 2019. Zn supplementation increased the decreased parameters including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH), metallothionein (MT), protein sulfhydryl (P-SH), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression and decreased the increased elements such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and microRNAs-(122 and 34a), apoptotic factors, and histopathological changes. Zn also increases phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation and preserves protein kinase C isoforms. It is suggested that Zn can be administered before elective surgeries for prevention of side effects of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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43
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Yin HZ, Wang HL, Ji SG, Medvedeva YV, Tian G, Bazrafkan AK, Maki NZ, Akbari Y, Weiss JH. Rapid Intramitochondrial Zn2+ Accumulation in CA1 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons After Transient Global Ischemia: A Possible Contributor to Mitochondrial Disruption and Cell Death. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:655-664. [PMID: 31150090 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, particularly in CA1 neurons, occurs after ischemia and likely contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent neurodegeneration. However, the relationship between mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation and their disruption has not been examined at the ultrastructural level in vivo. We employed a cardiac arrest model of transient global ischemia (TGI), combined with Timm's sulfide silver labeling, which inserts electron dense metallic silver granules at sites of labile Zn2+ accumulation, and used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine subcellular loci of the Zn2+ accumulation. In line with prior studies, TGI-induced damage to CA1 was far greater than to CA3 pyramidal neurons, and was substantially progressive in the hours after reperfusion (being significantly greater after 4- than 1-hour recovery). Intriguingly, TEM examination of Timm's-stained sections revealed substantial Zn2+ accumulation in many postischemic CA1 mitochondria, which was strongly correlated with their swelling and disruption. Furthermore, paralleling the evolution of neuronal injury, both the number of mitochondria containing Zn2+ and the degree of their disruption were far greater at 4- than 1-hour recovery. These data provide the first direct characterization of Zn2+ accumulation in CA1 mitochondria after in vivo TGI, and support the idea that targeting these events could yield therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung G Ji
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John H Weiss
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Atsushi T, Tamano H. New insight into Parkinson's disease pathogenesis from reactive oxygen species-mediated extracellular Zn 2+ influx. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126545. [PMID: 32438294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, which is caused by selective loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress induced by the auto-oxidation of dopamine has been implicated as a key cause of the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. METHODS To understand the selective loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, the PD pathogenesis is reviewed focused on paraquat (PQ) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD in rats. RESULTS Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced by PQ and 6-OHDA, are retrogradely transported to presynaptic glutamatergic neuron terminals. ROS activate presynaptic transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channels and induce extracellular glutamate accumulation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), followed by age-related intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. Loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons is accelerated by age-related intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the SNpc of rat PD models. The intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in nigral dopaminergic neurons is linked with the rapid influx of extracellular Zn2+ via postsynaptic AMPA receptor activation, suggesting that PQ- and 6-OHDA-induced pathogenesis is linked with age-related intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the SNpc. Postsynaptic TRPM2 channels may be also involved in intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the SNpc. CONCLUSION A novel mechanism of nigral dopaminergic degeneration, in which ROS induce rapid intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation, figures out the PD pathogenesis induced by PQ and 6-OHDA in rats. This review deals with new insight into PD pathogenesis from ROS-mediated extracellular Zn2+ influx and its proposed defense strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeda Atsushi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Yang DM, Huang CC, Chang YF. Combinatorial roles of mitochondria and cGMP/PKG pathway in the generation of neuronal free Zn2+ under the presence of nitric oxide. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:357-366. [PMID: 32101891 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO), which possesses both protective and toxic properties, has been observed to have a complicated biphasic character within various types of tissues, including neuronal cells. NO was also found to cause the increase of another important signaling molecular Zn (termed as NZR). The molecular mechanism of NZR has been extensively investigated, but the source of Zn is present of a major candidate that is yet to be answered. The NO-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, mitochondria, and metallothioneins (MTs), are all proposed to be the individual source of NZR. However, this hypothesis remains inconclusive. In this study, we examined the function of PKG signaling cascades, the mitochondria storage, and MT-1 during NZR of living PC12 cells. METHODS We applied live-cell imaging in combination with pharmacological inhibitors and activators as well as in vitro Zn assay to dissect the functions of the above candidates in NZR. RESULTS Two mechanisms, namely, mitochondria as the only Zn source and the opening of NO-PKG-dependent mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mKATP) as the key to releasing NO-induced increase in mitochondrial Zn, were proven to be the two critical paths of NZR in neuronal-related cells. CONCLUSION This new finding provides a reasonable explanation to previously existing and contradictory conclusions regarding the function of mitochondria/mKATP and PKG signaling on the molecular mechanism of NZR.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Yang
- Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Microscopy Service Laboratory, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Chang Huang
- Core Facilities for Translational Medicines, National Biotechnology Research Park, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Fen Chang
- LumiSTAR Biotechnology, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Yuan W, Xia D, Zheng Y, Liu X, Wu S, Li B, Han Y, Jia Z, Zhu D, Ruan L, Takashima K, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Controllable biodegradation and enhanced osseointegration of ZrO 2-nanofilm coated Zn-Li alloy: In vitro and in vivo studies. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:290-303. [PMID: 31972366 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc and its alloys have emerged as a new research direction of biodegradable metals (BMs) due to the significant physiological functions of Zn2+ ions in human body. However, low inhibitory concentration threshold value to cause cytotoxicity by Zn2+ ions during in vitro study and delayed osseointegration in vivo are two key flaws for the bulk Zn-based BMs. To combat these issues, we constructed a barrier layer of ZrO2 nanofilm on the surface of Zn-0.1(wt.%) Li alloy via atomic layer deposition (ALD). A decreased release of Zn2+ ions accompanied with accelerated release of Li+ ions was observed on account of galvanic coupling between the coating compositions and Zn-0.1Li alloy substrate. Cytocompatibility assay reflected that ZrO2 nanofilm coated Zn-0.1Li alloy exhibited improved cell adhesion and viability. Histological analysis also demonstrated better in vivo osseointegration for the ZrO2 nanofilm coated Zn-0.1Li alloy. Hence, the present study elucidated that the ALD of ZrO2 nanofilm on Zn-based BMs can effectively promote osseointegration and control their biodegradation behavior. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Zn-Li binary alloy was reported recently to be the promising biodegradable metals with ultimate tensile strength over 500 MPa, yet the low inhibitory concentration threshold value to cause cytotoxicity by Zn2+ ions is the obstacle needed to be overcome. As a pilot study, a systematic investigation on the ZrO2 nanofilm coated Zn-Li alloy, prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, was conducted in the present study, which involved in the formation process, in vitro and in vivo degradation behavior as well as biocompatibility evaluation. We found a controllable corrosion rate and better in vivo osseointegration can be achieved by ZrO2 nanofilm coating on Zn-Li alloy, which provides new insight into the surface modification on biodegradable Zn alloys for usage within bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhaojun Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Engineering-Driven Medicine, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Liqun Ruan
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto-shi 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takashima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Elucidating the H + Coupled Zn 2+ Transport Mechanism of ZIP4; Implications in Acrodermatitis Enteropathica. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030734. [PMID: 31979155 PMCID: PMC7037870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular Zn2+ homeostasis is tightly regulated and primarily mediated by designated Zn2+ transport proteins, namely zinc transporters (ZnTs; SLC30) that shuttle Zn2+ efflux, and ZRT-IRT-like proteins (ZIPs; SLC39) that mediate Zn2+ influx. While the functional determinants of ZnT-mediated Zn2+ efflux are elucidated, those of ZIP transporters are lesser understood. Previous work has suggested three distinct molecular mechanisms: (I) HCO3- or (II) H+ coupled Zn2+ transport, or (III) a pH regulated electrodiffusional mode of transport. Here, using live-cell fluorescent imaging of Zn2+ and H+, in cells expressing ZIP4, we set out to interrogate its function. Intracellular pH changes or the presence of HCO3- failed to induce Zn2+ influx. In contrast, extracellular acidification stimulated ZIP4 dependent Zn2+ uptake. Furthermore, Zn2+ uptake was coupled to enhanced H+ influx in cells expressing ZIP4, thus indicating that ZIP4 is not acting as a pH regulated channel but rather as an H+ powered Zn2+ co-transporter. We further illustrate how this functional mechanism is affected by genetic variants in SLC39A4 that in turn lead to Acrodermatitis enteropathica, a rare condition of Zn2+ deficiency.
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Wiesmann N, Tremel W, Brieger J. Zinc oxide nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes in cancer medicine. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4973-4989. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00739k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles are characterized by a good biocompatibility while providing a versatile potential as innovative therapeutic agents in cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
- University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University
- Laboratory for Molecular Tumor Biology
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Juergen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
- University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University
- Laboratory for Molecular Tumor Biology
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
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Ji SG, Medvedeva YV, Weiss JH. Zn 2+ entry through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a critical contributor to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol 2019; 325:113161. [PMID: 31881218 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxic Ca2+ accumulation contributes to ischemic neurodegeneration, and Ca2+ can enter the mitochondria through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) to promote mitochondrial dysfunction. Yet, Ca2+-targeted therapies have met limited success. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the underappreciated importance of Zn2+, which also accumulates in neurons after ischemia and can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. While studies have indicated that Zn2+ can also enter the mitochondria through the MCU, the specificity of the pore's role in Zn2+-triggered injury is still debated. Present studies use recently available MCU knockout mice to examine how the deletion of this channel impacts deleterious effects of cytosolic Zn2+ loading. In cultured cortical neurons from MCU knockout mice, we find significantly reduced mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation. Correspondingly, these neurons were protected from both acute and delayed Zn2+-triggered mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, depolarization, swelling and inhibition of respiration. Furthermore, when toxic extramitochondrial effects of Ca2+ entry were moderated, both cultured neurons (exposed to Zn2+) and CA1 neurons of hippocampal slices (subjected to prolonged oxygen glucose deprivation to model ischemia) from MCU knockout mice displayed decreased neurodegeneration. Finally, to examine the therapeutic applicability of these findings, we added an MCU blocker after toxic Zn2+ exposure in wildtype neurons (to induce post-insult MCU blockade). This significantly attenuated the delayed evolution of both mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity. These data-combining both genetic and pharmacologic tools-support the hypothesis that Zn2+ entry through the MCU is a critical contributor to ischemic neurodegeneration that could be targeted for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung G Ji
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Yuliya V Medvedeva
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
| | - John H Weiss
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, United States of America.
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Fang L, Trigiante G, Crespo-Otero R, Philpott MP, Jones CR, Watkinson M. An alternative modular 'click-S NAr-click' approach to develop subcellular localised fluorescent probes to image mobile Zn 2+ . Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:10013-10019. [PMID: 31621740 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01855g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn2+ is involved in a number of biological processes and its wide-ranging roles at the subcellular level, especially in specific organelles, have not yet been fully established due to a lack of tools to image it effectively. We report a new and efficient modular double 'click' approach towards a range of sub-cellular localised probes for mobile zinc. Through this methodology, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lysosome localised probes were successfully prepared which show good fluorescence responses to mobile Zn2+in vitro and in cellulo whilst a non-targeting probe was synthesized as a control. The methodology appears to have wide-utility for the generation of sub-cellular localised probes by incorporating specific organelle targeting vectors for mobile Zn2+ imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- The Joseph Priestley Building, School of Biological and Chemical Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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