1
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Weakly HMJ, Keller SL. Coupling liquid phases in 3D condensates and 2D membranes: Successes, challenges, and tools. Biophys J 2024; 123:1329-1341. [PMID: 38160256 PMCID: PMC11163299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review describes the major experimental challenges researchers meet when attempting to couple phase separation between membranes and condensates. Although it is well known that phase separation in a 2D membrane could affect molecules capable of forming a 3D condensate (and vice versa), few researchers have quantified the effects to date. The scarcity of these measurements is not due to a lack of intense interest or effort in the field. Rather, it reflects significant experimental challenges in manipulating coupled membranes and condensates to yield quantitative values. These challenges transcend many molecular details, which means they impact a wide range of systems. This review highlights recent exciting successes in the field, and it lays out a comprehensive list of tools that address potential pitfalls for researchers who are considering coupling membranes with condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M J Weakly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah L Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, Washington.
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2
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Fedosov DA, Gompper G. Cells on a string: Characterizing cellular structure and dynamics through viscoelastic phenotyping. Biophys J 2024; 123:757-758. [PMID: 38419329 PMCID: PMC10995419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Fedosov
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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3
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Alonso-Matilla R, Lam A, Miettinen TP. Cell intrinsic mechanical regulation of plasma membrane accumulation at the cytokinetic furrow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.13.566882. [PMID: 38014042 PMCID: PMC10680611 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the process where the mother cell's cytoplasm separates into daughter cells. This is driven by an actomyosin contractile ring that produces cortical contractility and drives cleavage furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of a thin intercellular bridge. While cytoskeletal reorganization during cytokinesis has been extensively studied, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the plasma membrane. Here, we image and model plasma membrane lipid and protein dynamics on the cell surface during leukemia cell cytokinesis. We reveal an extensive accumulation and folding of plasma membrane at the cleavage furrow and the intercellular bridge, accompanied by a depletion and unfolding of plasma membrane at the cell poles. These membrane dynamics are caused by two actomyosin-driven biophysical mechanisms: the radial constriction of the cleavage furrow causes local compression of the apparent cell surface area and accumulation of the plasma membrane at the furrow, while actomyosin cortical flows drag the plasma membrane towards the cell division plane as the furrow ingresses. The magnitude of these effects depends on the plasma membrane fluidity, cortex adhesion and cortical contractility. Overall, our work reveals cell intrinsic mechanical regulation of plasma membrane accumulation at the cleavage furrow that is likely to generate localized differences in membrane tension across the cytokinetic cell. This may locally alter endocytosis, exocytosis and mechanotransduction, while also serving as a self-protecting mechanism against cytokinesis failures that arise from high membrane tension at the intercellular bridge.
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4
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Wu D, Zhao X, Xie J, Yuan R, Li Y, Yang Q, Cheng X, Wu C, Wu J, Zhu N. Physical modulation of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes: A new perspective for regenerative medicine. Cell Prolif 2024:e13630. [PMID: 38462759 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) offer promising therapeutic potential for various refractory diseases, presenting a novel therapeutic strategy. However, their clinical application encounters several obstacles, including low natural secretion, uncontrolled biological functions and inherent heterogeneity. On the one hand, physical stimuli can mimic the microenvironment dynamics where MSC-Exo reside. These factors influence not only their secretion but also, significantly, their biological efficacy. Moreover, physical factors can also serve as techniques for engineering exosomes. Therefore, the realm of physical factors assumes a crucial role in modifying MSC-Exo, ultimately facilitating their clinical translation. This review focuses on the research progress in applying physical factors to MSC-Exo, encompassing ultrasound, electrical stimulation, light irradiation, intrinsic physical properties, ionizing radiation, magnetic field, mechanical forces and temperature. We also discuss the current status and potential of physical stimuli-affected MSC-Exo in clinical applications. Furthermore, we address the limitations of recent studies in this field. Based on this, this review provides novel insights to advance the refinement of MSC-Exo as a therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaheng Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyue Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quyang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyue Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongzhou People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningwen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Mandal T, Biswas A, Ghosh T, Manikandan S, Kundu A, Banerjee A, Mitra D, Sinha B. Mechano-regulation by clathrin pit-formation and passive cholesterol-dependent tubules during de-adhesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:43. [PMID: 38217571 PMCID: PMC10787898 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Adherent cells ensure membrane homeostasis during de-adhesion by various mechanisms, including endocytosis. Although mechano-chemical feedbacks involved in this process have been studied, the step-by-step build-up and resolution of the mechanical changes by endocytosis are poorly understood. To investigate this, we studied the de-adhesion of HeLa cells using a combination of interference reflection microscopy, optical trapping and fluorescence experiments. We found that de-adhesion enhanced membrane height fluctuations of the basal membrane in the presence of an intact cortex. A reduction in the tether force was also noted at the apical side. However, membrane fluctuations reveal phases of an initial drop in effective tension followed by saturation. The area fractions of early (Rab5-labelled) and recycling (Rab4-labelled) endosomes, as well as transferrin-labelled pits close to the basal plasma membrane, also transiently increased. On blocking dynamin-dependent scission of endocytic pits, the regulation of fluctuations was not blocked, but knocking down AP2-dependent pit formation stopped the tension recovery. Interestingly, the regulation could not be suppressed by ATP or cholesterol depletion individually but was arrested by depleting both. The data strongly supports Clathrin and AP2-dependent pit-formation to be central to the reduction in fluctuations confirmed by super-resolution microscopy. Furthermore, we propose that cholesterol-dependent pits spontaneously regulate tension under ATP-depleted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Arikta Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246, India
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Tanmoy Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Sreekanth Manikandan
- NORDITA, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Avijit Kundu
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246, India
- Experimental Physics I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ayan Banerjee
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Dhrubaditya Mitra
- NORDITA, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bidisha Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
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6
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Chen C, Wu S, Wang Y, Cao J, Tian L. Reversible modulation of protocell volume via collective response of functional protein in its membrane. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:182-190. [PMID: 37542893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Volume change plays an important role in biological cells to regulate their internal microenvironment. To adapt to the rapid variation of the surface area during the volume change, the lipid membrane is dynamically modulated via membrane folding invagination, or spontaneous uptake or release of lipid molecules under osmotic pressure. Here, we demonstrate an alternative approach to design a functional protocellular system capable of dynamically adjusting its volume and intracellular microenvironment in response to the alteration of pH. By assembling and subsequently cross-linking pH-responsive caseinate at the water-oil interface, the caseinate-based protocell with more than ten thousand caseinate units in its membrane was established and showed a reversible volume and pore size change to pH variation due to the collective response of the caseinate in the membrane, which could be used to control the spatial distribution of proto-organelle by regulating of the viscosity inside the protocell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Innovation Center for Smart Medical Technologies & Devices, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Innovation Center for Smart Medical Technologies & Devices, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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7
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Mahapatra A, Rangamani P. Formation of protein-mediated bilayer tubes is governed by a snapthrough transition. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:4345-4359. [PMID: 37255421 PMCID: PMC10330560 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane tubes are ubiquitous in cellular membranes and in the membranes of intracellular organelles. They play crucial roles in trafficking, ion transport, and cellular motility. These tubes can be formed due to localized forces acting on the membrane or by the curvature induced by membrane-bound proteins. Here, we present a mathematical framework to model cylindrical tubular protrusions formed by proteins that induce anisotropic spontaneous curvature. Our analysis revealed that the tube radius depends on an effective tension that includes contributions from the bare membrane tension and the protein-induced curvature. We also found that the length of the tube undergoes an abrupt transition from a short, dome-shaped membrane to a long cylinder and this transition is characteristic of a snapthrough instability. Finally, we show that the snapthrough instability depends on the different parameters including coat area, bending modulus, and extent of protein-induced curvature. Our findings have implications for tube formation due to BAR-domain proteins in processes such as endocytosis, t-tubule formation in myocytes, and cristae formation in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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8
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Ward AE, Sokovikova D, Waxham MN, Heberle FA, Levental I, Levental KR, Kiessling V, White JM, Tamm LK. Serinc5 Restricts HIV Membrane Fusion by Altering Lipid Order and Heterogeneity in the Viral Membrane. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:773-784. [PMID: 36946615 PMCID: PMC10366416 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The host restriction factor, Serinc5, incorporates into budding HIV particles and inhibits their infection by an incompletely understood mechanism. We have previously reported that Serinc5 but not its paralogue, Serinc2, blocks HIV cell entry by membrane fusion, specifically by inhibiting fusion pore formation and dilation. A body of work suggests that Serinc5 may alter the conformation and clustering of the HIV fusion protein, Env. To contribute an additional perspective to the developing model of Serinc5 restriction, we assessed Serinc2 and Serinc5's effects on HIV pseudoviral membranes. By measuring pseudoviral membrane thickness via cryo-electron microscopy and order via the fluorescent dye, FLIPPER-TR, Serinc5 was found to increase membrane heterogeneity, skewing the distribution toward a larger fraction of the viral membrane in an ordered phase. We also directly observed for the first time the coexistence of membrane domains within individual viral membrane envelopes. Using a total internal reflection fluorescence-based single particle fusion assay, we found that treatment of HIV pseudoviral particles with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) rescued HIV pseudovirus fusion from restriction by Serinc5, which was accompanied by decreased membrane heterogeneity and order. This effect was specific for PE and did not depend on acyl chain length or saturation. Together, these data suggest that Serinc5 alters multiple interrelated properties of the viral membrane─lipid chain order, rigidity, line tension, and lateral pressure─which decrease the accessibility of fusion intermediates and disfavor completion of fusion. These biophysical insights into Serinc5 restriction of HIV infectivity could contribute to the development of novel antivirals that exploit the same weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Ward
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Daria Sokovikova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Melvin Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Kandice R. Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Volker Kiessling
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Judith M. White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Lukas K. Tamm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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9
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Porras-Gómez M, Kim H, Dronadula MT, Kambar N, Metellus CJB, Aluru NR, van der Zande A, Leal C. Multiscale compression-induced restructuring of stacked lipid bilayers: From buckling delamination to molecular packing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275079. [PMID: 36490254 PMCID: PMC9733850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid membranes in nature adapt and reconfigure to changes in composition, temperature, humidity, and mechanics. For instance, the oscillating mechanical forces on lung cells and alveoli influence membrane synthesis and structure during breathing. However, despite advances in the understanding of lipid membrane phase behavior and mechanics of tissue, there is a critical knowledge gap regarding the response of lipid membranes to micromechanical forces. Most studies of lipid membrane mechanics use supported lipid bilayer systems missing the structural complexity of pulmonary lipids in alveolar membranes comprising multi-bilayer interconnected stacks. Here, we elucidate the collective response of the major component of pulmonary lipids to strain in the form of multi-bilayer stacks supported on flexible elastomer substrates. We utilize X-ray diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, confocal microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation to show that lipid multilayered films both in gel and fluid states evolve structurally and mechanically in response to compression at multiple length scales. Specifically, compression leads to increased disorder of lipid alkyl chains comparable to the effect of cholesterol on gel phases as a direct result of the formation of nanoscale undulations in the lipid multilayers, also inducing buckling delamination and enhancing multi-bilayer alignment. We propose this cooperative short- and long-range reconfiguration of lipid multilayered films under compression constitutes a mechanism to accommodate stress and substrate topography. Our work raises fundamental insights regarding the adaptability of complex lipid membranes to mechanical stimuli. This is critical to several technologies requiring mechanically reconfigurable surfaces such as the development of electronic devices interfacing biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Porras-Gómez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mohan Teja Dronadula
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nurila Kambar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. B. Metellus
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Narayana R. Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arend van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America,* E-mail: (AZ); (CL)
| | - Cecília Leal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America,* E-mail: (AZ); (CL)
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10
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Chelladurai R, Debnath K, Jana NR, Basu JK. Spontaneous formation and growth kinetics of lipid nanotubules induced by passive nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7082-7090. [PMID: 36043324 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00900e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanotubules (LNTs) are conduits that form on the membranes of cells and organelles, and they are ubiquitous in all forms of life from archaea and bacteria to plants and mammals. The formation, shape and dynamics of these LNTs are critical for cellular functions, supporting the transport of myriad cellular cargoes as well as communication within and between cells, and they are also widely believed to be responsible for exploitation of host cells by pathogens for the spread of infection and diseases. In vitro kinetic control of LNT formation can considerably enhance the scope of utilization of these structures for disease control and therapy. Here we report a new paradigm for spontaneous lipid nanotubulation, capturing the dynamical regimes of growth, stabilization and retraction of the tubes through the binding of synthetic nanoparticles on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). The tubulation is determined by the spontaneous binding-unbinding of nanoparticles on the LNTs. The presented methodology could be used to rectify malfunctioning cellular tubules or to prevent the pathogenic spread of diseases through inhibition of cell-to-cell nanotubule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koushik Debnath
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
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11
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Ho JCS, Mir SA, Cavalera M, Esmaeili P, Tran TH, Yann ZC, Tran TH, Chaudhuri A, Bendt AK, Wenk MR, Svanborg C. Lipid bilayer composition as a determinant of cancer cell sensitivity to tumoricidal protein-lipid complexes. Biofactors 2022; 48:1145-1159. [PMID: 35388547 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Complexes formed by the alpha1 N-terminal peptide of alpha-lactalbumin and oleic acid (alpha1-oleate) interact with lipid bilayers. Plasma membrane perturbations trigger tumor cell death but normal differentiated cells are more resistant, and their plasma membranes are less strongly affected. This study examined membrane lipid composition as a determinant of tumor cell reactivity. Bladder cancer tissue showed a higher abundance of unsaturated lipids enriched in phosphatidylcholine, PC (36:4) and PC (38:4), and sphingomyelin, SM (36:1) than healthy bladder tissue, where saturated lipids predominated and the lipid extracts from bladder cancer tissue inhibited the tumoricidal effect of the complex more effectively than healthy tissue extracts. Furthermore, unsaturated PC in solution inhibited tumor cell death, and the complex interacted with giant unilamellar vesicles formed by PC, confirming the affinity of alpha1-oleate for fluid membranes enriched in PC. Quartz Crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) detected a preference of the complex for the liquid-disordered phase, suggesting that the insertion into PC-based membranes and the resulting membrane perturbations are influenced by membrane lipid saturation. The results suggest that the membrane lipid composition is functionally important and that specific unsaturated membrane lipids may serve as "recognition motifs" for broad-spectrum tumoricidal molecules such as alpha1-oleate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C S Ho
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Mir
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michele Cavalera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Parisa Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zandra Chew Yann
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thi Hien Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arunima Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne K Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Shen Z, Lengyel M, Niethammer P. The yellow brick road to nuclear membrane mechanotransduction. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:021501. [PMID: 35382443 PMCID: PMC8967412 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear membrane may function as a mechanosensory surface alongside the plasma membrane. In this Review, we discuss how this idea emerged, where it currently stands, and point out possible implications, without any claim of comprehensiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Shen
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Miklós Lengyel
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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13
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Goodband R, Bain CD, Staykova M. Comparative Study of Lipid- and Polymer-Supported Membranes Obtained by Vesicle Fusion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5674-5681. [PMID: 35471971 PMCID: PMC9097520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We compare the fusion of giant lipid and block-copolymer vesicles on glass and poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates. Both types of vesicles are similar in their ability to fuse to hydrophilic substrates and form patches with distinct heart or circular shapes. We use epifluorescence/confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy on membrane patches to (i) characterize bilayer fluidity and patch-edge stability and (ii) follow the intermediate stages in the formation of continuous supported bilayers. Polymer membranes show much lower membrane fluidity and, unlike lipids, an inability of adjacent patches to fuse spontaneously into continuous membranes. We ascribe this effect to hydration repulsion forces acting between the patch edges, which can be diminished by increasing the sample temperature. We show that large areas of supported polymer membranes can be created by fusing giant vesicles on glass or poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates and annealing their edges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin D. Bain
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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14
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Missaoui A, Harth K, Trittel T, Klopp C, Stannarius R, Lacaze E. Shape instabilities of islands in smectic films under lateral compression. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3193-3205. [PMID: 35383349 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smectic liquid crystals are fluids, and in most rheological situations they behave as such. Nevertheless, when thin freely floating films of smectic A or smectic C materials are compressed quickly in-plane, they resist such stress by buckling similar to solid membranes under lateral stress. We report experimental observations of wrinkling and bulging of finite domains within the films, so-called islands, and give a qualitative explanation of different observed patterns. Depending on the external stress and their dimensions, the islands can expel a specifically shaped bulge in their center, form radial wrinkles or develop target-like wrinkle structures. When the external stress is relaxed, these patterns disappear reversibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Missaoui
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Paris, France.
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kirsten Harth
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Fachbereich Technik, Technische Hochschule Brandenburg, Brandenburg a. d. Havel, Germany
- MARS, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Trittel
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- MARS, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klopp
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- MARS, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Stannarius
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- MARS, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Lacaze
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Paris, France.
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15
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Chen W, He B. Actomyosin activity-dependent apical targeting of Rab11 vesicles reinforces apical constriction. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213118. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During tissue morphogenesis, the changes in cell shape, resulting from cell-generated forces, often require active regulation of intracellular trafficking. How mechanical stimuli influence intracellular trafficking and how such regulation impacts tissue mechanics are not fully understood. In this study, we identify an actomyosin-dependent mechanism involving Rab11-mediated trafficking in regulating apical constriction in the Drosophila embryo. During Drosophila mesoderm invagination, apical actin and Myosin II (actomyosin) contractility induces apical accumulation of Rab11-marked vesicle-like structures (“Rab11 vesicles”) by promoting a directional bias in dynein-mediated vesicle transport. At the apical domain, Rab11 vesicles are enriched near the adherens junctions (AJs). The apical accumulation of Rab11 vesicles is essential to prevent fragmented apical AJs, breaks in the supracellular actomyosin network, and a reduction in the apical constriction rate. This Rab11 function is separate from its role in promoting apical Myosin II accumulation. These findings suggest a feedback mechanism between actomyosin activity and Rab11-mediated intracellular trafficking that regulates the force generation machinery during tissue folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Bing He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
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16
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Lachowski D, Matellan C, Gopal S, Cortes E, Robinson BK, Saiani A, Miller AF, Stevens MM, del Río Hernández AE. Substrate Stiffness-Driven Membrane Tension Modulates Vesicular Trafficking via Caveolin-1. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4322-4337. [PMID: 35255206 PMCID: PMC9007531 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a condition characterized by extensive deposition and cross-linking of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is idiosyncratic in cases of chronic liver injury. The dysregulation of ECM remodeling by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main mediators of fibrosis, results in an elevated ECM stiffness that drives the development of chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is a key element in the regulation of ECM remodeling, which modulates the degradation and turnover of ECM components. We have previously reported that a rigid, fibrotic-like substrate can impact TIMP-1 expression at the protein level in HSCs without altering its mRNA expression. While HSCs are known to be highly susceptible to mechanical stimuli, the mechanisms through which mechanical cues regulate TIMP-1 at the post-translational level remain unclear. Here, we show a mechanism of regulation of plasma membrane tension by matrix stiffness. We found that this effect is orchestrated by the β1 integrin/RhoA axis and results in elevated exocytosis and secretion of TIMP-1 in a caveolin-1- and dynamin-2-dependent manner. We then show that TIMP-1 and caveolin-1 expression increases in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These conditions are associated with fibrosis, and this effect can be recapitulated in 3D fibrosis models consisting of hepatic stellate cells encapsulated in a self-assembling polypeptide hydrogel. This work positions stiffness-dependent membrane tension as a key regulator of enzyme secretion and function and a potential target for therapeutic strategies that aim at modulating ECM remodeling in chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Lachowski
- Cellular
and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Manchester
BIOGEL, Mereside, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Matellan
- Cellular
and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sahana Gopal
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Cortes
- Cellular
and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin K. Robinson
- Cellular
and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Saiani
- Department
of Materials and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester
BIOGEL, Mereside, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Aline F. Miller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, The
University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester
BIOGEL, Mereside, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Armando E. del Río Hernández
- Cellular
and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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17
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Agapova OI, Efimov AE, Safonova LA, Bobrova MM, Agapov II, Gautier SV. Scanning Optical Probe Nanotomography for Investigation of the Structure of Biomaterials and Cells. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 500:331-334. [PMID: 34697739 DOI: 10.1134/s160767292105001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Creation of new effective bio-artificial structures for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine requires development and implementation of new technological approaches for analysis of micro- and nanostructural features of constructs based on biomaterials and their interaction with cells. A new method of three-dimensional multiparametric analysis of nanostructure, scanning optical probe nanotomography, is presented in this paper, applied to the analysis of cells and biomaterials. Correlative reconstruction of fluorescent marker distributions and nanostructure features allows quantitative evaluation of a number of parameters of three-dimensional nanomorphology of fibroblasts and human hepatocarcinoma cells Hep-G2, adhered to biodegradable scaffolds based on silk fibroin. The developed technology with use of scanning optical probe nanotomography is applicable to investigation of three-dimensional micro- and nanostructure features of biomaterials and cells of different types.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Agapova
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Efimov
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Safonova
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Bobrova
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - I I Agapov
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S V Gautier
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Abstract
The cell nucleus is best known as the container of the genome. Its envelope provides a barrier for passive macromolecule diffusion, which enhances the control of gene expression. As its largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus also defines the minimal space requirements of a cell. Internal or external pressures that deform a cell to its physical limits cause a corresponding nuclear deformation. Evidence is consolidating that the nucleus, in addition to its genetic functions, serves as a physical sensing device for critical cell body deformation. Nuclear mechanotransduction allows cells to adapt their acute behaviors, mechanical stability, paracrine signaling, and fate to their physical surroundings. This review summarizes the basic chemical and mechanical properties of nuclear components, and how these properties are thought to be utilized for mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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19
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Peng Z, Shimba K, Miyamoto Y, Yagi T. A Study of the Effects of Plasma Surface Treatment on Lipid Bilayers Self-Spreading on a Polydimethylsiloxane Substrate under Different Treatment Times. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10732-10740. [PMID: 34464138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-treated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-supported lipid bilayers are used as functional tools for studying cell membrane properties and as platforms for biotechnology applications. Self-spreading is a versatile method for forming lipid bilayers. However, few studies have focused on the effect of plasma treatment on self-spreading lipid bilayer formation. In this paper, we performed lipid bilayer self-spreading on a PDMS surface with different treatment times. Surface characterization of PDMS treated with different treatment times is evaluated by AFM and SEM, and the effects of plasma treatment of the PDMS surface on lipid bilayer self-spreading behavior is investigated by confocal microscopy. The front-edge velocity of lipid bilayers increases with the plasma treatment time. By theoretical analyses with the extended-DLVO modeling, we find that the most likely cause of the velocity change is the hydration repulsion energy between the PDMS surface and lipid bilayers. Moreover, the growth behavior of membrane lobes on the underlying self-spreading lipid bilayer was affected by topography changes in the PDMS surface resulting from plasma treatment. Our findings suggest that the growth of self-spreading lipid bilayers can be controlled by changing the plasma treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zugui Peng
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 403, Ishikawadai Bldg. 3, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Kenta Shimba
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyamoto
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 403, Ishikawadai Bldg. 3, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tohru Yagi
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 403, Ishikawadai Bldg. 3, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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20
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Cyclodextrins increase membrane tension and are universal activators of mechanosensitive channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104820118. [PMID: 34475213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104820118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) has been extensively studied to understand how mechanical forces are converted into the conformational changes that underlie mechanosensitive (MS) channel gating. We showed that lipid removal by β-cyclodextrin can mimic membrane tension. Here, we show that all cyclodextrins (CDs) can activate reconstituted Escherichia coli MscS, that MscS activation by CDs depends on CD-mediated lipid removal, and that the CD amount required to gate MscS scales with the channel's sensitivity to membrane tension. Importantly, cholesterol-loaded CDs do not activate MscS. CD-mediated lipid removal ultimately causes MscS desensitization, which we show is affected by the lipid environment. While many MS channels respond to membrane forces, generalized by the "force-from-lipids" principle, their different molecular architectures suggest that they use unique ways to convert mechanical forces into conformational changes. To test whether CDs can also be used to activate other MS channels, we chose to investigate the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) and demonstrate that CDs can also activate this structurally unrelated channel. Since CDs can open the least tension-sensitive MS channel, MscL, they should be able to open any MS channel that responds to membrane tension. Thus, CDs emerge as a universal tool for the structural and functional characterization of unrelated MS channels.
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21
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Wang Z, Mao X, Wang H, Wang S, Yang Z. Fabrication of Lipid Nanotubules by Ultrasonic Drag Force. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8945-8952. [PMID: 34297899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a new method of fabricating lipid nanotubules using ultrasonic Stokes drag force in theory and experiment. Ultrasonic Stokes drag force generated using a planar piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer in a remotely controllable way is introduced. When ultrasonic Stokes drag force is applied on lipid vesicles, the lipid nanotubules attached can be dragged out from the lipid film. In order to demonstrate the formation mechanism of the lipid nanotubules produced by ultrasonic drag force clearly, a theoretical kinetic model is developed. In the experiments, the lipid nanotubules can be rapidly and efficiently fabricated using this ultrasonic transducer both in deionized water and NaCl solutions with different concentrations. The stretching speed of the lipid nanotubules can reach 33 μm/s, approximately 10 times faster than that of the existing methods. The formed lipid nanotubules have a diameter of 600 ± 100 nm (>80%). The length can reach the millimeter level. This work provided a remotely controllable, highly efficient, high-velocity, and solution environment-independent approach for fabricating lipid nanotubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Shenggeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Zengtao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
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22
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Abstract
The cell nucleus is best known as the container of the genome. Its envelope provides a barrier for passive macromolecule diffusion, which enhances the control of gene expression. As its largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus also defines the minimal space requirements of a cell. Internal or external pressures that deform a cell to its physical limits cause a corresponding nuclear deformation. Evidence is consolidating that the nucleus, in addition to its genetic functions, serves as a physical sensing device for critical cell body deformation. Nuclear mechanotransduction allows cells to adapt their acute behaviors, mechanical stability, paracrine signaling, and fate to their physical surroundings. This review summarizes the basic chemical and mechanical properties of nuclear components, and how these properties are thought to be utilized for mechanosensing. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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23
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Ban T, Matsumoto K, Nanzai B, Mori Y, Nabika H. Bifurcation of chemically driven self-propelled droplets on a surfactant-adsorbed surface based on spreading coefficients. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Mahapatra A, Uysalel C, Rangamani P. The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Tubule Formation in Biological Membranes. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:273-291. [PMID: 33462667 PMCID: PMC8184589 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane tubulation is a ubiquitous process that occurs both at the plasma membrane and on the membranes of intracellular organelles. These tubulation events are known to be mediated by forces applied on the membrane either due to motor proteins, by polymerization of the cytoskeleton, or due to the interactions between membrane proteins binding onto the membrane. The numerous experimental observations of tube formation have been amply supported by mathematical modeling of the associated membrane mechanics and have provided insights into the force-displacement relationships of membrane tubes. Recent advances in quantitative biophysical measurements of membrane-protein interactions and tubule formation have necessitated the need for advances in modeling that will account for the interplay of multiple aspects of physics that occur simultaneously. Here, we present a comprehensive review of experimental observations of tubule formation and provide context from the framework of continuum modeling. Finally, we explore the scope for future research in this area with an emphasis on iterative modeling and experimental measurements that will enable us to expand our mechanistic understanding of tubulation processes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Can Uysalel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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25
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Chen AQ, Gao XF, Wang ZM, Wang F, Luo S, Gu Y, Zhang JJ, Chen SL. Therapeutic Exosomes in Prognosis and Developments of Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:691548. [PMID: 34136551 PMCID: PMC8200468 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.691548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, with an diameter of 30~150 nm, could be released from almost all types of cells, which contain diverse effective constituent, such as RNAs, proteins, lipids, and so on. In recent years, exosomes have been verified to play an important role in mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover, it has also been shown that exosomes derived from different cell types have various biological functions based on the cell stimulation and microenvironment. However, therapeutic exosomes are currently far away from clinical translation, despite it is full of hope. In this review, we summarize an update of the recent studies and systematic knowledge of therapeutic exosomes in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and in-stent restenosis, which might provide a novel insight into the treatment of CAD and promote the potential clinical application of therapeutic exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Qun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Heart Centre, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Heart Centre, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Heart Centre, Nanjing, China
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26
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Liese S, Carlson A. Membrane shape remodeling by protein crowding. Biophys J 2021; 120:2482-2489. [PMID: 34023296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The steric repulsion between proteins on biological membranes is one of the most generic mechanisms that cause membrane shape changes. We present a minimal model in which a spontaneous curvature is induced by asymmetric protein crowding. Our results show that the interplay between the induced spontaneous curvature and the membrane tension determines the energy-minimizing shapes, which describes the wide range of experimentally observed membrane shapes, i.e., flat membranes, spherical vesicles, elongated tubular protrusions, and pearling structures. Moreover, the model gives precise predictions on how membrane shape changes by protein crowding can be tuned by controlling the protein size, the density of proteins, and the size of the crowded domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Liese
- Department of Mathematics, Mechanics Division, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Carlson
- Department of Mathematics, Mechanics Division, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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27
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Baxter AM, Jordan LR, Kullappan M, Wittenberg NJ. Tubulation of Supported Lipid Bilayer Membranes Induced by Photosensitized Lipid Oxidation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5753-5762. [PMID: 33939441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that photosensitized phospholipid oxidation, initiated by the lipid-conjugated fluorophore TopFluor-PC, causes defects, namely, membrane tubes and vesicle-like structures, in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). Lipid oxidation is detrimental to the integrity of the lipid molecules; when oxidized, they undergo a conformational expansion, which causes membrane tubes to protrude from the SLB. Lipid oxidation is verified by FT-IR spectroscopy, and area expansion is observed in Langmuir trough experiments. Upon growing to a critical length, the membrane tubes arising from SLBs rapidly undergo transition to vesicle-like structures. We find a correlation between the maximum tube length and the diameter of the resulting vesicle, suggesting the conservation of the surface area between these features. We use geometric modeling and the measured tube length and vesicle radius to calculate the tube radius; our calculated mean tube diameter of 243 nm is comparable to other groups' experimental findings. In the presence of fluid flow, membrane tubes can be extended to tens to hundreds of microns in length. SLBs composed of saturated lipids resist light-induced tubulation, and the inclusion of the lipophilic antioxidant α-tocopherol attenuates the tubulation process and increases the light intensity threshold for tubulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Luke R Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Monicka Kullappan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Nathan J Wittenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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28
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Djakbarova U, Madraki Y, Chan ET, Kural C. Dynamic interplay between cell membrane tension and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Biol Cell 2021; 113:344-373. [PMID: 33788963 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deformability of the plasma membrane, the outermost surface of metazoan cells, allows cells to be dynamic, mobile and flexible. Factors that affect this deformability, such as tension on the membrane, can regulate a myriad of cellular functions, including membrane resealing, cell motility, polarisation, shape maintenance, membrane area control and endocytic vesicle trafficking. This review focuses on mechanoregulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). We first delineate the origins of cell membrane tension and the factors that yield to its spatial and temporal fluctuations within cells. We then review the recent literature demonstrating that tension on the membrane is a fast-acting and reversible regulator of CME. Finally, we discuss tension-based regulation of endocytic clathrin coat formation during physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasaman Madraki
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Emily T Chan
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Molecular Biophysics Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cömert Kural
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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29
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Perazzo A, Gallier S, Liuzzi R, Guido S, Caserta S. Quantitative methods to detect phospholipids at the oil-water interface. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 290:102392. [PMID: 33740709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the main constituents of cell membranes and act as natural stabilizers of milk fat globules. Phospholipids are used in a wide range of applications, e.g. as emulsifiers in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food products. While processed emulsion droplets are usually stabilized by a monolayer of phospholipids, cell membranes have a phospholipid bilayer structure and milk fat globules are stabilized by a complex phospholipid trilayer membrane. Despite the broad relevance of phospholipids, there are still many scientific challenges in understanding how their behavior at the fluid-fluid interface affects microstructure, stability, and physico-chemical properties of natural and industrial products. Most of these challenges arise from the experimental difficulties related to the investigation of the molecular arrangement of phospholipids in situ at the fluid-fluid interface and the quantification of their partitioning between the bulk phase and the interface, both under static and flow conditions. This task is further complicated by the presence of other surface-active components, such as proteins, that can interact with phospholipids and compete for space at the interface. Here, we review the methodologies available from the literature to detect and quantify phospholipids, focusing on oil-water interfaces, and highlight current limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Perazzo
- Novaflux Inc., 1 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, United States; Advanced BioDevices LLC., 1 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, United States
| | - Sophie Gallier
- Dairy Goat Co-operative (N.Z.) Limited, 18 Gallagher Drive, PO Box 1398, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Roberta Liuzzi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
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30
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Wang X, Du H, Wang Z, Mu W, Han X. Versatile Phospholipid Assemblies for Functional Synthetic Cells and Artificial Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002635. [PMID: 32830387 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up construction of a synthetic cell from nonliving building blocks capable of mimicking cellular properties and behaviors helps to understand the particular biophysical properties and working mechanisms of a cell. A synthetic cell built in this way possesses defined chemical composition and structure. Since phospholipids are native biomembrane components, their assemblies are widely used to mimic cellular structures. Here, recent developments in the formation of versatile phospholipid assemblies are described, together with the applications of these assemblies for functional membranes (protein reconstituted giant unilamellar vesicles), spherical and nonspherical protoorganelles, and functional synthetic cells, as well as the high-order hierarchical structures of artificial tissues. Their biomedical applications are also briefly summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the field of synthetic cells and artificial tissues based on phospholipid assemblies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Marine Antifouling Engineering Technology Center of Shangdong Province, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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31
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Urbina FL, Menon S, Goldfarb D, Edwards R, Ben Major M, Brennwald P, Gupton SL. TRIM67 regulates exocytic mode and neuronal morphogenesis via SNAP47. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108743. [PMID: 33567284 PMCID: PMC7941186 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal morphogenesis involves dramatic plasma membrane expansion, fueled by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein eceptors (SNARE)-mediated exocytosis. Distinct fusion modes described at synapses include full-vesicle fusion (FVF) and kiss-and-run fusion (KNR). During FVF, lumenal cargo is secreted and vesicle membrane incorporates into the plasma membrane. During KNR, a transient fusion pore secretes cargo but closes without membrane addition. In contrast, fusion modes are not described in developing neurons. Here, we resolve individual exocytic events in developing murine cortical neurons and use classification tools to identify four distinguishable fusion modes: two FVF-like modes that insert membrane material and two KNR-like modes that do not. Discrete fluorescence profiles suggest distinct behavior of the fusion pore. Simulations and experiments agree that FVF-like exocytosis provides sufficient membrane material for morphogenesis. We find the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM67 promotes FVF-like exocytosis in part by limiting incorporation of the Qb/Qc SNARE SNAP47 into SNARE complexes and, thus, SNAP47 involvement in exocytosis. Urbina et al. identify four exocytic modes in developing neurons: KNRd, KNRi, FVFd, FVFi. Simulations and experiments suggest that FVFi and FVFd provide material for plasma membrane expansion. Deletion of Trim67 decreases FVFi and FVFd while reducing surface area. SNAP47 incorporation into SNARE complexes alters fusion pore behavior, increasing KNRd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L Urbina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shalini Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Institute for Informatics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Reginald Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - M Ben Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrick Brennwald
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie L Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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32
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Gözen I, Dommersnes P. Biological lipid nanotubes and their potential role in evolution. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. SPECIAL TOPICS 2020; 229:2843-2862. [PMID: 33224439 PMCID: PMC7666715 DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2020-000130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The membrane of cells and organelles are highly deformable fluid interfaces, and can take on a multitude of shapes. One distinctive and particularly interesting property of biological membranes is their ability to from long and uniform nanotubes. These nanoconduits are surprisingly omnipresent in all domains of life, from archaea, bacteria, to plants and mammals. Some of these tubes have been known for a century, while others were only recently discovered. Their designations are different in different branches of biology, e.g. they are called stromule in plants and tunneling nanotubes in mammals. The mechanical transformation of flat membranes to tubes involves typically a combination of membrane anchoring and external forces, leading to a pulling action that results in very rapid membrane nanotube formation - micrometer long tubes can form in a matter of seconds. Their radius is set by a mechanical balance of tension and bending forces. There also exists a large class of membrane nanotubes that form due to curvature inducing molecules. It seems plausible that nanotube formation and functionality in plants and animals may have been inherited from their bacterial ancestors during endosymbiotic evolution. Here we attempt to connect observations of nanotubes in different branches of biology, and outline their similarities and differences with the aim of providing a perspective on their joint functions and evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irep Gözen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318 Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0315 Norway
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 412 96 Sweden
| | - Paul Dommersnes
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hoegskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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33
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Larsen J, Rosholm KR, Kennard C, Pedersen SL, Munch HK, Tkach V, Sakon JJ, Bjørnholm T, Weninger KR, Bendix PM, Jensen KJ, Hatzakis NS, Uline MJ, Stamou D. How Membrane Geometry Regulates Protein Sorting Independently of Mean Curvature. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1159-1168. [PMID: 32724850 PMCID: PMC7379390 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes have distinct geometries that confer specific functions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenological geometry/function correlations remain elusive. We studied the effect of membrane geometry on the localization of membrane-bound proteins. Quantitative comparative experiments between the two most abundant cellular membrane geometries, spherical and cylindrical, revealed that geometry regulates the spatial segregation of proteins. The measured geometry-driven segregation reached 50-fold for membranes of the same mean curvature, demonstrating a crucial and hitherto unaccounted contribution by Gaussian curvature. Molecular-field theory calculations elucidated the underlying physical and molecular mechanisms. Our results reveal that distinct membrane geometries have specific physicochemical properties and thus establish a ubiquitous mechanistic foundation for unravelling the conserved correlations between biological function and membrane polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik
B. Larsen
- Bionanotecnology
and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kadla R. Rosholm
- Bionanotecnology
and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celeste Kennard
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of South
Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Søren L. Pedersen
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik K. Munch
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vadym Tkach
- Bionanotecnology
and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John J. Sakon
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Thomas Bjørnholm
- Bionanotecnology
and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keith R. Weninger
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Knud J. Jensen
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Bionanotecnology
and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark J. Uline
- Center
for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Systems, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
- (M.J.U.) E-mail:
| | - Dimitrios Stamou
- Bionanotecnology
and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck
Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center
for Geometrically Engineered Cellular Systems, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- (D.S.)
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34
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Koseki K, Suzuki H. Deformation Dynamics of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles in the Large Surface-to-Volume Ratio Regime: The Emergence of Neuron-like Morphology. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6238-6244. [PMID: 32364747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deformation of liposomes, or lipid vesicles, has been investigated extensively in terms of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the bending energy of the lipid bilayer membrane. However, the range of such deformation in previous literature has been limited within the moderate surface-to-volume ratio of the vesicles, in which axisymmetric shapes are dominant. Here, we show that neuron-like morphology, in which many lipid tubes extend radially from the mother vesicle, becomes dominant upon the slow osmotic shrinkage of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) initially larger than several tens of micrometers. We show that, in the time-lapse confocal imaging, the emergence of lipid tubes is initiated from the instability that appeared along the annular rim of the flat stomatocyte shape. Since these deformation dynamics into the neuron-like morphology resemble that of the milk-crown formation in liquid splashing, we discuss that the Rayleigh-Plateau capillary instability drives this transformation into a nonaxisymmetric shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Koseki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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35
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Kataoka-Hamai C, Kawakami K. Interaction Mechanisms of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles with Hydrophobic Glass Surfaces and Silicone Oil-Water Interfaces: Adsorption, Deformation, Rupture, Dynamic Shape Changes, Internal Vesicle Formation, and Desorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16136-16145. [PMID: 31697503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid monolayers at oil-water interfaces are often obtained via vesicle adsorption. However, the interaction mechanisms of vesicles with these oil-water interfaces remain unclear. Herein, we studied the adsorption of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of approximately 2-5 μm diameter onto silicone oil-water interfaces and glass surfaces modified with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) using fluorescence microscopy. The GUVs exhibited various modes of interaction, adsorbing on the silanized glass surfaces without sizable deformation, whereas GUVs bound to the silicone oil-water interface exhibited large deformation. After adsorption, GUV rupture occurred within 350, 110, and 3 ms on HMDS-modified glass, ODTMS-modified glass, and silicone oil-water interface, respectively. On glass surfaces, GUV rupture was often initiated and proceeded with pore formation near the surface. The monolayer patches formed by GUV rupture on HMDS-modified glass remained for at least 1 h over an area approximately twice of that estimated from the original GUV. On the ODTMS-modified glass and silicone oil surfaces, the monolayer patch structures disappeared in milliseconds owing to lipid diffusion across the interface. When adsorbed on the oil-water interface, the GUVs spontaneously underwent dynamic shape changes, internal vesicle formation, and desorption without rupture. Thus, it can be concluded that these different pathways arose from different lipid-surface affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kataoka-Hamai
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
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36
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Thone MN, Kwon YJ. Extracellular blebs: Artificially-induced extracellular vesicles for facile production and clinical translation. Methods 2019; 177:135-145. [PMID: 31734187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biologic and comprehensive therapies for precision medicine. Despite their potential demonstrated at the benchtop, few EV formulations have made it to the clinic due to challenges in regulatory compliant scalable production; including purity, homogeneity, and reproducibility. For translation of this technology, there is a strong need for novel production methods that can meet clinical production criteria. Initial research aimed to address these challenges by taking advantage of natural pathways to increase EV yields. Such "conventional" approaches moderately increased yields but produced inhomogeneous EVs. Additionally, as there are currently no standard methods for isolation, characterization, or quantification, isolated EVs were often impure, contaminated with proteins and other biomacromolecules, and highly diverse in function. The use of shear stress and extrusion methods for EV-like vesicle production has also been investigated. While these processes can produce large EV-like vesicle yields nearly immediately, the harsh processes still result in inhomogeneous loading, and still suffer from poor purity. Chemically-induced membrane blebbing is a promising alternative production method that has the potential to overcome the previously insurmountable barriers of these current methods. This technique produces pure, and well defined EV-like vesicles, termed extracellular blebs (EBs), in clinically relevant scales over the course of minutes to hours. Furthermore, blebbing agents act on the cell in a way which locks the current surface properties and contents, preventing change, allowing for homogeneous EB production, and further preventing post-production changes. EBs may provide a promising pathway for clinical translation of EV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N Thone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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37
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Regan D, Williams J, Borri P, Langbein W. Lipid Bilayer Thickness Measured by Quantitative DIC Reveals Phase Transitions and Effects of Substrate Hydrophilicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13805-13814. [PMID: 31483674 PMCID: PMC7007255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative differential interference contrast microscopy is demonstrated here as a label-free method, which is able to image and measure the thickness of lipid bilayers with 0.1 nm precision. We investigate the influence of the substrate on the thickness of fluid-phase 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC)-supported lipid bilayers and find a thinning of up to 10%, depending on substrate hydrophilicity, local bilayer coverage, and ionic strength of the medium. With fluorescently labeled lipid bilayers, we also observe changes in the bilayer thickness depending on the choice of fluorophore. Furthermore, liquid-ordered domains in bilayers, formed from DOPC, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin, are measured, and the corresponding thickness change between the liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases is accurately determined. Again, the thickness difference is found to be dependent on the presence of the fluorophore label, highlighting the need for quantitative label-free techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Regan
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K.
- E-mail: (D.R.)
| | - Joseph Williams
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K.
| | - Paola Borri
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K.
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K.
- E-mail: (W.L.)
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38
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Kandy SK, Radhakrishnan R. Emergent membrane morphologies in relaxed and tense membranes in presence of reversible adhesive pinning interactions. Phys Biol 2019; 16:066011. [PMID: 31561242 PMCID: PMC6830734 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab48d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The morphologies of cell membranes, and specifically the local curvature distributions are determined either by its intrinsic components such as lipids and membrane-associated proteins or by the adhesion forces due to membrane interactions with the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM) and other cells in the tissue, as well as physical variables such as membrane and frame tensions. We present a computational analysis for a model of pinned membranes based on the dynamically triangulated Monte Carlo (MC) model for membranes. We show that membrane adhesion to ECM or a substrate promotes curvature generation on cell membranes, and this process depends on the excess area, or equivalently membrane tension, and the density of adhesion sites. This biophysics based model predicts adhesion induced biogenesis of microvesicles in cell membranes. For a moderate density of adhesion sites and high excess membrane area, an increase in membrane tension can result in the formation of microvesicles and tubules on the membrane. We also demonstrate the significance of intrinsically curved proteins in promoting vesiculation on pinned membranes. The results presented here are relevant to the understanding of microvesicle biogenesis and curved membrane topographies due to physical factors such as substrate stiffness and ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Kutti Kandy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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39
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Le Roux AL, Quiroga X, Walani N, Arroyo M, Roca-Cusachs P. The plasma membrane as a mechanochemical transducer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180221. [PMID: 31431176 PMCID: PMC6627014 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly submitted to external mechanical stresses, which they must withstand and respond to. By forming a physical boundary between cells and their environment that is also a biochemical platform, the plasma membrane (PM) is a key interface mediating both cellular response to mechanical stimuli, and subsequent biochemical responses. Here, we review the role of the PM as a mechanosensing structure. We first analyse how the PM responds to mechanical stresses, and then discuss how this mechanical response triggers downstream biochemical responses. The molecular players involved in PM mechanochemical transduction include sensors of membrane unfolding, membrane tension, membrane curvature or membrane domain rearrangement. These sensors trigger signalling cascades fundamental both in healthy scenarios and in diseases such as cancer, which cells harness to maintain integrity, keep or restore homeostasis and adapt to their external environment. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Xarxa Quiroga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Nikhil Walani
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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40
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Naik AR, Kuhn ER, Lewis KT, Kokotovich KM, Maddipati KR, Chen X, Hörber JHK, Taatjes DJ, Potoff JJ, Jena BP. Self-Assembly and Biogenesis of the Cellular Membrane are Dictated by Membrane Stretch and Composition. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6997-7005. [PMID: 31322890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cell plasma membrane is a highly dynamic organelle governing a wide range of cellular activities including ion transport, secretion, cell division, growth, and development. The fundamental process involved in the addition of new membranes to pre-existing plasma membranes, however, is unclear. Here, we report, using biophysical, morphological, biochemical, and molecular dynamic simulations, the selective incorporation of proteins and lipids from the cytosol into the cell plasma membrane dictated by membrane stretch and composition. Stretching of the cell membrane as a consequence of volume increase following incubation in a hypotonic solution and results in the incorporation of cytosolic proteins and lipids into the existing plasma membrane. Molecular dynamic simulations further confirm that increased membrane stretch results in the rapid insertion of lipids into the existing plasma membrane. Similarly, depletion of cholesterol from the cell plasma membrane selectively alters the incorporation of lipids into the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J H K Hörber
- Department of Physics , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TD , U.K
| | - Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Microscopy Imaging Center , University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington , Vermont 05405 , United States
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41
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Wong F, Amir A. Mechanics and Dynamics of Bacterial Cell Lysis. Biophys J 2019; 116:2378-2389. [PMID: 31174849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane lysis, or rupture, is a cell death pathway in bacteria frequently caused by cell wall-targeting antibiotics. Although previous studies have clarified the biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic action, a physical understanding of the processes leading to lysis remains lacking. Here, we analyze the dynamics of membrane bulging and lysis in Escherichia coli, in which the formation of an initial, partially subtended spherical bulge ("bulging") after cell wall digestion occurs on a characteristic timescale of 1 s and the growth of the bulge ("swelling") occurs on a slower characteristic timescale of 100 s. We show that bulging can be energetically favorable due to the relaxation of the entropic and stretching energies of the inner membrane, cell wall, and outer membrane and that the experimentally observed timescales are consistent with model predictions. We then show that swelling is mediated by the enlargement of wall defects, after which cell lysis is consistent with both the inner and outer membranes exceeding characteristic estimates of the yield areal strains of biological membranes. These results contrast biological membrane physics and the physics of thin, rigid shells. They also have implications for cellular morphogenesis and antibiotic discovery across different species of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wong
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ariel Amir
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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42
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Ewald M, Henry S, Lambert E, Feuillie C, Bobo C, Cullin C, Lecomte S, Molinari M. High speed atomic force microscopy to investigate the interactions between toxic Aβ 1-42 peptides and model membranes in real time: impact of the membrane composition. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7229-7238. [PMID: 30924478 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to an aging population, neurodegenerative diseases have become a major health issue, the most common being Alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms leading to neuronal loss still remain unclear but recent studies suggest that soluble Aβ oligomers have deleterious effects on neuronal membranes. Here, high-speed atomic force microscopy was used to assess the effect of oligomeric species of a variant of Aβ1-42 amyloid peptide on model membranes with various lipid compositions. Results showed that the peptide does not interact with membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Ganglioside GM1, but not cholesterol, is required for the peptide to interact with the membrane. Interestingly, when they are both present, a fast disruption of the membrane was observed. It suggests that the presence of ganglioside GM1 and cholesterol in membranes promotes the interaction of the oligomeric Aβ1-42 peptide with the membrane. This interaction leads to the membrane's destruction in a few seconds. This study highlights the power of high-speed atomic force microscopy to explore lipid-protein interactions with high spatio-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ewald
- LRN EA 4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51685 Reims, France.
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43
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Zhang Q, Tamashunas AC, Agrawal A, Torbati M, Katiyar A, Dickinson RB, Lammerding J, Lele TP. Local, transient tensile stress on the nuclear membrane causes membrane rupture. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:899-906. [PMID: 30566037 PMCID: PMC6589786 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-09-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration through narrow constrictions generates compressive stresses on the nucleus that deform it and cause rupture of nuclear membranes. Nuclear membrane rupture allows uncontrolled exchange between nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. Local tensile stresses can also cause nuclear deformations, but whether such deformations are accompanied by nuclear membrane rupture is unknown. Here we used a direct force probe to locally deform the nucleus by applying a transient tensile stress to the nuclear membrane. We found that a transient (∼0.2 s) deformation (∼1% projected area strain) in normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A cells) was sufficient to cause rupture of the nuclear membrane. Nuclear membrane rupture scaled with the magnitude of nuclear deformation and the magnitude of applied tensile stress. Comparison of diffusive fluxes of nuclear probes between wild-type and lamin-depleted MCF-10A cells revealed that lamin A/C, but not lamin B2, protects the nuclear membranes against rupture from tensile stress. Our results suggest that transient nuclear deformations typically caused by local tensile stresses are sufficient to cause nuclear membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Andrew C. Tamashunas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Ashutosh Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Mehdi Torbati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Aditya Katiyar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Richard B. Dickinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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44
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Extracellular vesicles for personalized medicine: The input of physically triggered production, loading and theranostic properties. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:247-258. [PMID: 30553953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging advances in extracellular vesicle (EV) research brings along new promises for tailoring clinical treatments in order to meet specific disease features of each patient in a personalized medicine concept. EVs may act as regenerative effectors conveying endogenous therapeutic factors from parent cells or constitute a bio-camouflaged delivery system for exogenous therapeutic agents. Physical stimulation may be an important tool in the field of EVs for personalized therapy by powering EV production, loading and therapeutic properties. Physically-triggered EV production is inspired by naturally occurring EV release by shear stress in blood vessels. Bioinspired physically-triggered EV production technologies may bring along high yield advantages combined to scalability assets. Physical stimulation may also provide new prospects for high-efficient EV loading. Additionally, physically-triggered EV theranostic properties brings new hopes for spatio-temporal controlled therapy combined to tracking. Technological considerations related to EV-based personalized medicine and the input of physical stimulation on EV production, loading and theranostic properties will be overviewed herein.
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45
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Actin Remodeling in Regulated Exocytosis: Toward a Mesoscopic View. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:685-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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46
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Miller EJ, Voïtchovsky K, Staykova M. Substrate-led cholesterol extraction from supported lipid membranes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16332-16342. [PMID: 30132496 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03399d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lipid membrane is a principal building block in biology, technology and industry, where it often occurs supported by other hydrophilic structures. Interactions with the support can affect the physical behavior of the membrane from the local organization and diffusion of lipids and proteins, to phase transitions, and the local mechanical properties. In this study we show that supporting substrates textured with nanoscale hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains can modify the membrane's chemical composition by selectively extracting cholesterol molecules without affecting the remaining phospholipids. Using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with various degrees of plasma oxidation, we are able to trigger dramatic changes in the membrane morphology and biophysical properties, and relate them to the amount of extracted cholesterol. We also show that it is possible to control the cholesterol extraction through mechanical extension of the flexible PDMS support. Given the ubiquity of bio-substrates with textured surface properties and the wide use of PDMS we expect that our results will have implications not only in biological and chemical sciences but also in nanotechnologies such as organ on a chip technologies, biosensors, and stretchable bio-electronics.
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47
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Boyd MA, Kamat NP. Visualizing Tension and Growth in Model Membranes Using Optical Dyes. Biophys J 2018; 115:1307-1315. [PMID: 30219285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells dynamically regulate their membrane surface area during a variety of processes critical to their survival. Recent studies with model membranes have pointed to a general mechanism for surface area regulation under tension in which cell membranes unfold or take up lipid to accommodate membrane strain. Yet we lack robust methods to simultaneously measure membrane tension and surface area changes in real time. Using lipid vesicles that contain two dyes isolated to spatially distinct parts of the membrane, we introduce, to our knowledge, a new method to monitor the processes of membrane stretching and lipid uptake in model membranes. Laurdan, located within the bilayer membrane, and Förster resonance energy transfer dyes, localized to the membrane exterior, act in concert to report changes in membrane tension and lipid uptake during osmotic stress. We use these dyes to show that membranes under tension take up lipid more quickly and in greater amounts compared to their nontensed counterparts. Finally, we show that this technique is compatible with microscopy, enabling real-time analysis of membrane dynamics on a single vesicle level. Ultimately, the combinatorial use of these probes offers a more complete picture of changing membrane morphology. Our optical method allows us to remotely track changes in membrane tension and surface area with model membranes, offering new opportunities to track morphological changes in artificial and biological membranes and providing new opportunities in fields ranging from mechanobiology to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrethe A Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Neha P Kamat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
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48
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Intracellular membranes of bacterial endospores are reservoirs for spore core membrane expansion during spore germination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11388. [PMID: 30061638 PMCID: PMC6065386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endospores are formed by certain bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis or the pathogenic Bacillus anthracis and Clostridioides difficile, to allow survival in environmental conditions which are lethal to vegetative bacteria. The spores possess a particular architecture and molecular inventory which endow them with a remarkable resistance against desiccation, heat and radiation. Another remarkable spore feature is their rapid return to vegetative growth during spore germination and outgrowth. The underlying processes of this latter physiological and morphological transformation involve a number of different events, some of which are mechanistically not entirely understood. One of these events is the expansion of the central spore core, which contains the DNA, RNA and most spore enzymes. To date, it has been unclear how the ~1.3- to 1.6-fold expansion of the core membrane surface area that accompanies core expansion takes place, since this occurs in the absence of significant if any ATP synthesis. In the current work, we demonstrate the presence of intracellular membrane structures in spores located just below the core membrane. During spore germination these internal core membranes disappear when the core size increases, suggesting that they are integrated into the core membrane to allow core expansion. These intracellular membranes are most probably present as more or less compressed vesicles or tubules within the dormant spore core. Investigations of spores from different species suggest that these intracellular membrane structures below the core membrane are a general feature of endospore forming bacteria.
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Ramakrishnan N, Bradley RP, Tourdot RW, Radhakrishnan R. Biophysics of membrane curvature remodeling at molecular and mesoscopic lengthscales. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:273001. [PMID: 29786613 PMCID: PMC6066392 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the micron scale, where cell organelles display an amazing complexity in their shape and organization, the physical properties of a biological membrane can be better-understood using continuum models subject to thermal (stochastic) undulations. Yet, the chief orchestrators of these complex and intriguing shapes are a specialized class of membrane associating often peripheral proteins called curvature remodeling proteins (CRPs) that operate at the molecular level through specific protein-lipid interactions. We review multiscale methodologies to model these systems at the molecular as well as at the mesoscopic and cellular scales, and also present a free energy perspective of membrane remodeling through the organization and assembly of CRPs. We discuss the morphological space of nearly planar to highly curved membranes, methods to include thermal fluctuations, and review studies that model such proteins as curvature fields to describe the emergent curved morphologies. We also discuss several mesoscale models applied to a variety of cellular processes, where the phenomenological parameters (such as curvature field strength) are often mapped to models of real systems based on molecular simulations. Much insight can be gained from the calculation of free energies of membranes states with protein fields, which enable accurate mapping of the state and parameter values at which the membrane undergoes morphological transformations such as vesiculation or tubulation. By tuning the strength, anisotropy, and spatial organization of the curvature-field, one can generate a rich array of membrane morphologies that are highly relevant to shapes of several cellular organelles. We review applications of these models to budding of vesicles commonly seen in cellular signaling and trafficking processes such as clathrin mediated endocytosis, sorting by the ESCRT protein complexes, and cellular exocytosis regulated by the exocyst complex. We discuss future prospects where such models can be combined with other models for cytoskeletal assembly, and discuss their role in understanding the effects of cell membrane tension and the mechanics of the extracellular microenvironment on cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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50
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Deng NN, Vibhute MA, Zheng L, Zhao H, Yelleswarapu M, Huck WTS. Macromolecularly Crowded Protocells from Reversibly Shrinking Monodisperse Liposomes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7399-7402. [PMID: 29870243 PMCID: PMC6016064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The compartmentalization
of cell-free gene expression systems in
liposomes provides an attractive route to the formation of protocells,
but these models do not capture the physical (crowded) environment
found in living systems. Here, we present a microfluidics-based route
to produce monodisperse liposomes that can shrink almost 3 orders
of magnitude without compromising their stability. We demonstrate
that our strategy is compatible with cell-free gene expression and
show increased protein production rates in crowded liposome protocells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Deng
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Mahesh A Vibhute
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Lifei Zheng
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Hui Zhao
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Maaruthy Yelleswarapu
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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