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Chang X, Li G, Fu H, Guan M, Guo T. A homozygous mutation of TWNK identified in premature ovarian insufficiency warns of late-onset perrault syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 299:118-123. [PMID: 38852317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40 years, which is characterized by amenorrhoea, infertility, elevated gonadotrophin level and sex-steroid deficiency. The phenotypes of POI are heterogeneous, including isolated and syndromic forms. Perrault syndrome (PS), characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and ovarian dysfunction before 40 years in females, is one type of syndromic POI. Genetic defects play a vital role in the pathogenesis of POI. METHODS AND RESULTS To illustrate the genetic causation of Perrault syndrome, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in one pedigree with the disease, and identified a novel homozygous mutation in TWNK (c.1388G > A, p.R463Q). TWNK encodes a hexameric DNA helicase in mitochondria and plays a critical role in mtDNA replication. In order to determine the effect of the novel mutation on the mitochondrial function, we generated immortalized cell lines by infecting lymphocytes from the family members with EB virus in vitro. Functional studies found that TWNK p.R463Q impaired mtDNA replication and the respiration potential of mitochondria, while the ROS level remains unaffected. CONCLUSION Our study provided evidence that TWNK mutation impaired the ovarian function by dysfunctional mitochondria. Moreover, considering the patients here presented POI onset earlier than SNHL, specific variants localizing in different locus of TWNK might induce heterogeneous phenotypes, indicating that the genetic screening of patients with POI would be useful for early recognition of other disease or other phenotypes of syndromic POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minxin Guan
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Joint Institute of Genetics and Genomic Medicine Between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Domínguez-Ruiz M, Olarte M, Onecha E, García-Vaquero I, Gelvez N, López G, Villamar M, Morín M, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Morales-Angulo C, Polo R, Tamayo ML, del Castillo I. Novel Cases of Non-Syndromic Hearing Impairment Caused by Pathogenic Variants in Genes Encoding Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:951. [PMID: 39062730 PMCID: PMC11276111 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of some mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (encoded by the KARS1, HARS2, LARS2 and NARS2 genes) results in a great variety of phenotypes ranging from non-syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) to very complex syndromes, with a predominance of neurological signs. The diversity of roles that are played by these moonlighting enzymes and the fact that most pathogenic variants are missense and affect different domains of these proteins in diverse compound heterozygous combinations make it difficult to establish genotype-phenotype correlations. We used a targeted gene-sequencing panel to investigate the presence of pathogenic variants in those four genes in cohorts of 175 Spanish and 18 Colombian familial cases with non-DFNB1 autosomal recessive NSHI. Disease-associated variants were found in five cases. Five mutations were novel as follows: c.766C>T in KARS1, c.475C>T, c.728A>C and c.1012G>A in HARS2, and c.795A>G in LARS2. We provide audiograms from patients at different ages to document the evolution of the hearing loss, which is mostly prelingual and progresses from moderate/severe to profound, the middle frequencies being more severely affected. No additional clinical sign was observed in any affected subject. Our results confirm the involvement of KARS1 in DFNB89 NSHI, for which until now there was limited evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Domínguez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Olarte
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Esther Onecha
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Irene García-Vaquero
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología, Escuela de Doctorado de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Gelvez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Greizy López
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Manuela Villamar
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías Morín
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Moreno-Pelayo
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Morales-Angulo
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Rubén Polo
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martha L. Tamayo
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Ignacio del Castillo
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Key J, Gispert S, Auburger G. Knockout Mouse Studies Show That Mitochondrial CLPP Peptidase and CLPX Unfoldase Act in Matrix Condensates near IMM, as Fast Stress Response in Protein Assemblies for Transcript Processing, Translation, and Heme Production. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:694. [PMID: 38927630 PMCID: PMC11202940 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LONP1 is the principal AAA+ unfoldase and bulk protease in the mitochondrial matrix, so its deletion causes embryonic lethality. The AAA+ unfoldase CLPX and the peptidase CLPP also act in the matrix, especially during stress periods, but their substrates are poorly defined. Mammalian CLPP deletion triggers infertility, deafness, growth retardation, and cGAS-STING-activated cytosolic innate immunity. CLPX mutations impair heme biosynthesis and heavy metal homeostasis. CLPP and CLPX are conserved from bacteria to humans, despite their secondary role in proteolysis. Based on recent proteomic-metabolomic evidence from knockout mice and patient cells, we propose that CLPP acts on phase-separated ribonucleoprotein granules and CLPX on multi-enzyme condensates as first-aid systems near the inner mitochondrial membrane. Trimming within assemblies, CLPP rescues stalled processes in mitoribosomes, mitochondrial RNA granules and nucleoids, and the D-foci-mediated degradation of toxic double-stranded mtRNA/mtDNA. Unfolding multi-enzyme condensates, CLPX maximizes PLP-dependent delta-transamination and rescues malformed nascent peptides. Overall, their actions occur in granules with multivalent or hydrophobic interactions, separated from the aqueous phase. Thus, the role of CLPXP in the matrix is compartment-selective, as other mitochondrial peptidases: MPPs at precursor import pores, m-AAA and i-AAA at either IMM face, PARL within the IMM, and OMA1/HTRA2 in the intermembrane space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (S.G.)
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Chen J, He Y, Chen L, Wu T, Yang G, Luo H, Hu S, Yin S, Qian Y, Miao H, Li N, Miao C, Feng R. Differential alternative splicing landscape identifies potentially functional RNA binding proteins in early embryonic development in mammals. iScience 2024; 27:109104. [PMID: 38433915 PMCID: PMC10904927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) as one of the important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms has been poorly studied during embryogenesis. In this study, we comprehensively collected and analyzed the transcriptome data of early embryos from human and mouse. We found that AS plays an important role in this process and predicted candidate RNA binding protein (RBP) regulators that are associated with reproductive development. The predicted RBPs such as EIF4A3, MAK16, SRSF2, and UTP23 were found to be associated with reproductive disorders. By Smart-seq2 sequencing analysis, we identified 5445 aberrant alternative splicing events in Eif4a3-knockdown embryos. These events were preferentially associated with RNA processing. In conclusion, our work on the landscape and potential function of alternative splicing events will boost further investigation of detailed mechanisms and key factors regulating mammalian early embryo development and promote the inspiration of pharmaceutical approaches for disorders in this crucial biology process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yanni He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Guangping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Saifei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Siyue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Reproductive Medical Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Hui Miao
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Engineer of Shanxi Health Committee, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Engineer of Shanxi Health Committee, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Congxiu Miao
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Engineer of Shanxi Health Committee, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Ruizhi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Reproductive Medical Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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5
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Gerard A, Mizerik E, Mohila CA, AlAwami S, Hunter JV, Kearney DL, Lalani SR, Scaglia F. Intracranial calcifications simulating Aicardi-Goutières syndrome in PARS2-related mitochondrial disease. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63589. [PMID: 38469956 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PARS2 encodes an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the ligation of proline to mitochondrial prolyl-tRNA molecules. Diseases associated with PARS2 primarily affect the central nervous system, causing early infantile developmental epileptic encephalopathies (EIDEE; DEE75; MIM #618437) with infantile-onset neurodegeneration. Dilated cardiomyopathy has also been reported in the affected individuals. About 10 individuals to date have been described with pathogenic biallelic variants in PARS2. While many of the reported individuals succumbed to the disease in the first two decades of life, autopsy findings have not yet been reported. Here, we describe neuropathological findings in a deceased male with evidence of intracranial calcifications in the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and white matter, similar to Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. This report describes detailed autopsy findings in a child with PARS2-related mitochondrial disease and provides plausible evidence that intracranial calcifications may be a previously unrecognized feature of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gerard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mizerik
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carrie A Mohila
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah AlAwami
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jill V Hunter
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- E.B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Debra L Kearney
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Hu X, Guo R, Hao C, Hao L. Novel mutation in PARS2 revealed highly variable phenotype of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-75. Gene 2024; 894:147985. [PMID: 37956963 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biallelic variants in mitochondrial prolyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (PARS2) are associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-75 (DEE75), which is characterized by global developmental delay, seizures and brain imaging anomalies. To date, fewer than 20 patients with PARS2 mutation have been reported in previous literature, and only ten of them had detailed phenotype information. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, we performed whole exome sequencing for three intellectual disability patients from one family. RESULTS Two novel missense PARS2 variants, c.467C>G (p. Pro156Arg) and c.1183G>C (p. Asp395His), were identified. All of our patients displayed profound intellectual disability and absent speech, while other features, including seizures, cardiomyopathy, short stature and brain MRI, varied greatly in this family. This is also the first report of ovarian dysfunction in association with PARS2 mutations. CONCLUSIONS We reported three patients with the longest lifespan in reported cases so far, and our results provided an opportunity to study DEE75 prognosis and symptoms in adulthood. Our results further extended the clinical and genetic spectra of PARS2 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, PR China
| | - Ruolan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, PR China
| | - Chanjuan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, PR China
| | - Lijuan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, PR China.
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Munson HE, De Simone L, Schwaede A, Bhatia A, Mithal DS, Young N, Kuntz N, Rao VK. Axonal polyneuropathy and ataxia in children: consider Perrault Syndrome, a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:278. [PMID: 37932750 PMCID: PMC10626675 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perrault Syndrome (PRLTS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that presents with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in all patients and gonadal dysfunction in females. It has been linked to variants in CLPP, ERAL1, HARS2, HSD17B4, LARS2, and TWNK genes. All reported cases due to TWNK variants have included neurologic features, such as ataxia and axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. CASE PRESENTATION A 4.5-year-old female presented to neuromuscular clinic due to ataxia. Neurological examination revealed truncal ataxia and steppage gait, reduced deep tendon reflexes, and axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Auditory brainstem response testing revealed an uncommon type of sensorineural hearing loss known as auditory neuropathy/auditory synaptopathy (AN/AS) affecting both ears. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed subtle cauda equina enhancement. Nerve conduction studies led to a provisional diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) was initiated. The patient was unresponsive to treatment, thus whole exome testing (WES) was conducted in tandem with IVIG weaning. WES revealed a compound heterozygous state with two variants in the TWNK gene and a diagnosis of Perrault Syndrome was made. CONCLUSIONS Perrault Syndrome should be considered in the differential for children who present with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, axonal polyneuropathy, and ataxia. Further examination includes testing for ovarian dysgenesis and known PRLTS genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Munson
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
| | - Lenika De Simone
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abigail Schwaede
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Avanti Bhatia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Divakar S Mithal
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Young
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Kuntz
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vamshi K Rao
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Zhang J, Zhou XY, Wang A, Lai YH, Zhang XF, Liu XT, Wang Z, Liu YD, Tang SY, Chen SL. Novel Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial (TUFM) homozygous variant in a consanguineous family with premature ovarian insufficiency. Clin Genet 2023; 104:516-527. [PMID: 37461298 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome of ovarian dysfunction characterized by cessation of menstruation occurring before the age of 40 years. The genetic causes of idiopathic POI remain unclear. Here we recruited a POI patient from a consanguineous family to screen for potential pathogenic variants associated with POI. Genetic variants of the pedigree were screened using whole-exome sequencing analysis and validated through direct Sanger sequencing. A homozygous variant in TUFM (c.524G>C: p.Gly175Ala) was identified in this family. TUFM (Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein translation elongation factor that plays a critical role in maintaining normal mitochondrial function. The variant position was highly conserved among species and predicted to be disease causing. Our in vitro functional studies demonstrated that this variant causes decreased TUFM protein expression, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired autophagy activation. Moreover, we found that mice with targeted Tufm variant recapitulated the phenotypes of human POI. Thus, this is the first report of a homozygous pathogenic TUFM variant in POI. Our findings highlighted the essential role of mitochondrial genes in folliculogenesis and ovarian function maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Hui Lai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Dong Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yan Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ling Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen W, Rehsi P, Thompson K, Yeo M, Stals K, He L, Schimmel P, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZMA, Wakeling E, Taylor RW, Kuhle B. Clinical and molecular characterization of novel FARS2 variants causing neonatal mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107657. [PMID: 37523899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
FARS2 encodes the mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (mtPheRS), which is essential for charging mitochondrial (mt-) tRNAPhe with phenylalanine for use in intramitochondrial translation. Many biallelic, pathogenic FARS2 variants have been described previously, which are mostly associated with two distinct clinical phenotypes; an early onset epileptic mitochondrial encephalomyopathy or a later onset spastic paraplegia. In this study, we report on a patient who presented at 3 weeks of age with tachypnoea and poor feeding, which progressed to severe metabolic decompensation with lactic acidosis and seizure activity followed by death at 9 weeks of age. Rapid trio whole exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous FARS2 variants including a pathogenic exon 2 deletion on one allele and a rare missense variant (c.593G > T, p.(Arg198Leu)) on the other allele, necessitating further work to aid variant classification. Assessment of patient fibroblasts demonstrated severely decreased steady-state levels of mtPheRS, but no obvious defect in any components of the oxidative phosphorylation system. To investigate the potential pathogenicity of the missense variant, we determined its high-resolution crystal structure, demonstrating a local structural destabilization in the catalytic domain. Moreover, the R198L mutation reduced the thermal stability and impaired the enzymatic activity of mtPheRS due to a lower binding affinity for tRNAPhe and a slower turnover rate. Together these data confirm the pathogenicity of this FARS2 variant in causing early-onset mitochondrial epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Preeya Rehsi
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mildrid Yeo
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen Stals
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Paul Schimmel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Scripps Florida Research Institute at the University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Zofia M A Chrzanowska-Lightowlers
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
| | - Bernhard Kuhle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany.
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10
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Kalotay E, Klugmann M, Housley GD, Fröhlich D. Recessive aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders: lessons learned from in vivo disease models. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1182874. [PMID: 37274208 PMCID: PMC10234152 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1182874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is a fundamental process that underpins almost every aspect of cellular functioning. Intriguingly, despite their common function, recessive mutations in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), the family of enzymes that pair tRNA molecules with amino acids prior to translation on the ribosome, cause a diverse range of multi-system disorders that affect specific groups of tissues. Neurological development is impaired in most ARS-associated disorders. In addition to central nervous system defects, diseases caused by recessive mutations in cytosolic ARSs commonly affect the liver and lungs. Patients with biallelic mutations in mitochondrial ARSs often present with encephalopathies, with variable involvement of peripheral systems. Many of these disorders cause severe disability, and as understanding of their pathogenesis is currently limited, there are no effective treatments available. To address this, accurate in vivo models for most of the recessive ARS diseases are urgently needed. Here, we discuss approaches that have been taken to model recessive ARS diseases in vivo, highlighting some of the challenges that have arisen in this process, as well as key results obtained from these models. Further development and refinement of animal models is essential to facilitate a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying recessive ARS diseases, and ultimately to enable development and testing of effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kalotay
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthias Klugmann
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gary D. Housley
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Fröhlich
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Bakhshalizadeh S, Hock DH, Siddall NA, Kline BL, Sreenivasan R, Bell KM, Casagranda F, Kamalanathan S, Sahoo J, Narayanan N, Naik D, Suryadevara V, Compton AG, Amarasekera SSC, Kapoor R, Jaillard S, Simpson A, Robevska G, van den Bergen J, Pachernegg S, Ayers KL, Thorburn DR, Stroud DA, Hime GR, Sinclair AH, Tucker EJ. Deficiency of the mitochondrial ribosomal subunit, MRPL50, causes autosomal recessive syndromic premature ovarian insufficiency. Hum Genet 2023:10.1007/s00439-023-02563-z. [PMID: 37148394 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common cause of infertility in women, characterised by amenorrhea and elevated FSH under the age of 40 years. In some cases, POI is syndromic in association with other features such as sensorineural hearing loss in Perrault syndrome. POI is a heterogeneous disease with over 80 causative genes known so far; however, these explain only a minority of cases. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified a MRPL50 homozygous missense variant (c.335T > A; p.Val112Asp) shared by twin sisters presenting with POI, bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, kidney and heart dysfunction. MRPL50 encodes a component of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. Using quantitative proteomics and western blot analysis on patient fibroblasts, we demonstrated a loss of MRPL50 protein and an associated destabilisation of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome whilst the small subunit was preserved. The mitochondrial ribosome is responsible for the translation of subunits of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation machinery, and we found patient fibroblasts have a mild but significant decrease in the abundance of mitochondrial complex I. These data support a biochemical phenotype associated with MRPL50 variants. We validated the association of MRPL50 with the clinical phenotype by knockdown/knockout of mRpL50 in Drosophila, which resulted abnormal ovarian development. In conclusion, we have shown that a MRPL50 missense variant destabilises the mitochondrial ribosome, leading to oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and syndromic POI, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial support in ovarian development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicole A Siddall
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Rajini Sreenivasan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Department of Bioinformatics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franca Casagranda
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Niya Narayanan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Dukhabandhu Naik
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Varun Suryadevara
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Alison G Compton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sumudu S C Amarasekera
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ridam Kapoor
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Andrea Simpson
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- College of Health and Human Services, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | | | | | - Svenja Pachernegg
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katie L Ayers
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gary R Hime
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Elena J Tucker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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Neyroud AS, Rudinger-Thirion J, Frugier M, Riley LG, Bidet M, Akloul L, Simpson A, Gilot D, Christodoulou J, Ravel C, Sinclair AH, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Tucker EJ, Jaillard S. LARS2 variants can present as premature ovarian insufficiency in the absence of overt hearing loss. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:453-460. [PMID: 36450801 PMCID: PMC10133321 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1 in 100 women and is a leading cause of female infertility. There are over 80 genes in which variants can cause POI, with these explaining only a minority of cases. Whole exome sequencing (WES) can be a useful tool for POI patient management, allowing clinical care to be personalized to underlying cause. We performed WES to investigate two French sisters, whose only clinical complaint was POI. Surprisingly, they shared one known and one novel likely pathogenic variant in the Perrault syndrome gene, LARS2. Using amino-acylation studies, we established that the novel missense variant significantly impairs LARS2 function. Perrault syndrome is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss in addition to POI. This molecular diagnosis alerted the sisters to the significance of their difficulty in following conversation. Subsequent audiology assessment revealed a mild bilateral hearing loss. We describe the first cases presenting with perceived isolated POI and causative variants in a Perrault syndrome gene. Our study expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with LARS2 variants and highlights the clinical benefit of having a genetic diagnosis, with prediction of potential co-morbidity and prompt and appropriate medical care, in this case by an audiologist for early detection of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Neyroud
- CHU Rennes, Service de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, F-35033, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion
- Université de Strasbourg, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Magali Frugier
- Université de Strasbourg, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lisa G Riley
- Rare Diseases Functional Genomics, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maud Bidet
- Clinique Mutualiste La Sagesse, Service of AMP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Linda Akloul
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, CLAD Ouest, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Andrea Simpson
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- College of Health and Human Services, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - David Gilot
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France
- INSERM U1242, COSS, Université Rennes 1, F-35032, Rennes, France
| | - John Christodoulou
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Célia Ravel
- CHU Rennes, Service de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, F-35033, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau
- CHU Rennes, Service de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, F-35033, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Elena J Tucker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France.
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13
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Chou CW, Hsu YC. Current development of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring mitochondrial gene mutations and their applications in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. Hear Res 2023; 429:108689. [PMID: 36649664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Of all the human body's sensory systems, the auditory system is perhaps its most intricate. Hearing loss can result from even modest damage or cell death in the inner ear, and is the most common form of sensory loss. Human hearing is made possible by the sensory epithelium, the lateral wall, and auditory nerves. The most prominent functional cells in the sensory epithelium are outer hair cells (OHCs), inner hair cells (IHCs), and supporting cells. Different sound frequencies are processed by OHCs and IHCs in different cochlear regions, with those in the apex responsible for low frequencies and those in the basal region responsible for high frequencies. Hair cells can be damaged or destroyed by loud noise, aging process, genetic mutations, ototoxicity, infection, and illness. As such, they are a primary target for treating sensorineural hearing loss. Other areas known to affect hearing include spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the auditory nerve. Age-related degradation of HCs and SGNs can also cause hearing loss. The aim of this review is to introduce the roles of mitochondria in human auditory system and the inner ear's main cell types and cellular functions, before going on to detail the likely health benefits of iPSC technology. We posit that patient-specific iPSCs with mitochondrial gene mutations will be an important aspect of regenerative medicine and will lead to significant progress in the treatment of SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Chou
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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14
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Key J, Gispert S, Koornneef L, Sleddens-Linkels E, Kohli A, Torres-Odio S, Koepf G, Amr S, Reichlmeir M, Harter PN, West AP, Münch C, Baarends WM, Auburger G. CLPP Depletion Causes Diplotene Arrest; Underlying Testis Mitochondrial Dysfunction Occurs with Accumulation of Perrault Proteins ERAL1, PEO1, and HARS2. Cells 2022; 12:52. [PMID: 36611846 PMCID: PMC9818230 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Perrault syndrome (PRLTS) is autosomal, recessively inherited, and characterized by ovarian insufficiency with hearing loss. Among the genetic causes are mutations of matrix peptidase CLPP, which trigger additional azoospermia. Here, we analyzed the impact of CLPP deficiency on male mouse meiosis stages. Histology, immunocytology, different OMICS and biochemical approaches, and RT-qPCR were employed in CLPP-null mouse testis. Meiotic chromosome pairing and synapsis proceeded normally. However, the foci number of the crossover marker MLH1 was slightly reduced, and foci persisted in diplotene, most likely due to premature desynapsis, associated with an accumulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX. No meiotic M-phase cells were detected. Proteome profiles identified strong deficits of proteins involved in male meiotic prophase (HSPA2, SHCBP1L, DMRT7, and HSF5), versus an accumulation of AURKAIP1. Histone H3 cleavage, mtDNA extrusion, and cGAMP increase suggested innate immunity activation. However, the deletion of downstream STING/IFNAR failed to alleviate pathology. As markers of underlying mitochondrial pathology, we observed an accumulation of PRLTS proteins ERAL1, PEO1, and HARS2. We propose that the loss of CLPP leads to the extrusion of mitochondrial nucleotide-binding proteins to cytosol and nucleus, affecting late meiotic prophase progression, and causing cell death prior to M-phase entry. This phenotype is more severe than in mito-mice or mutator-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Key
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lieke Koornneef
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Sleddens-Linkels
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aneesha Kohli
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Gabriele Koepf
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shady Amr
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Reichlmeir
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 7, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrew Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Willy M. Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Del Greco C, Antonellis A. The Role of Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial tRNA Charging Enzymes in Human Inherited Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2319. [PMID: 36553587 PMCID: PMC9777667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are highly conserved essential enzymes that charge tRNA with cognate amino acids-the first step of protein synthesis. Of the 37 nuclear-encoded human ARS genes, 17 encode enzymes are exclusively targeted to the mitochondria (mt-ARSs). Mutations in nuclear mt-ARS genes are associated with rare, recessive human diseases with a broad range of clinical phenotypes. While the hypothesized disease mechanism is a loss-of-function effect, there is significant clinical heterogeneity among patients that have mutations in different mt-ARS genes and also among patients that have mutations in the same mt-ARS gene. This observation suggests that additional factors are involved in disease etiology. In this review, we present our current understanding of diseases caused by mutations in the genes encoding mt-ARSs and propose explanations for the observed clinical heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Del Greco
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Tucker EJ, Baker MJ, Hock DH, Warren JT, Jaillard S, Bell KM, Sreenivasan R, Bakhshalizadeh S, Hanna CA, Caruana NJ, Wortmann SB, Rahman S, Pitceathly RDS, Donadieu J, Alimi A, Launay V, Coppo P, Christin-Maitre S, Robevska G, van den Bergen J, Kline BL, Ayers KL, Stewart PN, Stroud DA, Stojanovski D, Sinclair AH. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in CLPB Deficiency: Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Phenotypic Insights. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3328-3340. [PMID: 36074910 PMCID: PMC9693831 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common form of female infertility that usually presents as an isolated condition but can be part of various genetic syndromes. Early diagnosis and treatment of POI can minimize comorbidity and improve health outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the genetic cause of syndromic POI, intellectual disability, neutropenia, and cataracts. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) followed by functional validation via RT-PCR, RNAseq, and quantitative proteomics, as well as clinical update of previously reported patients with variants in the caseinolytic peptidase B (CLPB) gene. RESULTS We identified causative variants in CLPB, encoding a mitochondrial disaggregase. Variants in this gene are known to cause an autosomal recessive syndrome involving 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, neurological dysfunction, cataracts, and neutropenia that is often fatal in childhood; however, there is likely a reporting bias toward severe cases. Using RNAseq and quantitative proteomics we validated causation and gained insight into genotype:phenotype correlation. Clinical follow-up of patients with CLPB deficiency who survived to adulthood identified POI and infertility as a common postpubertal ailment. CONCLUSION A novel splicing variant is associated with CLPB deficiency in an individual who survived to adulthood. POI is a common feature of postpubertal female individuals with CLPB deficiency. Patients with CLPB deficiency should be referred to pediatric gynecologists/endocrinologists for prompt POI diagnosis and hormone replacement therapy to minimize associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Tucker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Megan J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julia T Warren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rajini Sreenivasan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Chloe A Hanna
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Gynaecology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nikeisha J Caruana
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg 5020, Austria
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6524, The Netherlands
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jean Donadieu
- Sorbonne Université, Service d’Hémato-oncologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
- Registre Français des Neutropénies Congénitales, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
- Centre de Référence des Neutropénies Chroniques, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
| | - Aurelia Alimi
- Sorbonne Université, Service d’Hémato-oncologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
- Registre Français des Neutropénies Congénitales, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
- Centre de Référence des Neutropénies Chroniques, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris 75006, France
| | - Vincent Launay
- Hematologie, Centre Hospitalier de St Brieuc, Paris 22027, France
| | - Paul Coppo
- Sorbonne Université, Service d’hématologie Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris75006, France
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Sorbonne Université, Service d’Endocrinologie, diabétologie et médecine de la reproduction Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris75006, France
| | - Gorjana Robevska
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jocelyn van den Bergen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brianna L Kline
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Katie L Ayers
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Phoebe N Stewart
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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17
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Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency and Infertility: A Focus on Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233713. [PMID: 36496972 PMCID: PMC9738202 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive aging is on the rise globally and inseparable from the entire aging process. An extreme form of reproductive aging is premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), which to date has mostly been of idiopathic etiology, thus hampering further clinical applications and associated with enormous socioeconomic and personal costs. In the field of reproduction, the important functional role of inflammation-induced ovarian deterioration and therapeutic strategies to prevent ovarian aging and increase its function are current research hotspots. This review discusses the general pathophysiology and relative causes of POI and comprehensively describes the association between the aging features of POI and infertility. Next, various preclinical studies of stem cell therapies with potential for POI treatment and their molecular mechanisms are described, with particular emphasis on the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology in the current scenario. Finally, the progress made in the development of hiPSC technology as a POI research tool for engineering more mature and functional organoids suitable as an alternative therapy to restore infertility provides new insights into therapeutic vulnerability, and perspectives on this exciting research on stem cells and the derived exosomes towards more effective POI diagnosis and treatment are also discussed.
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Al-Sharif F, Alsadeq H, Rozan A, Halabi MB, Badwilan H, Mohammed AA, Rahman M, Balgith T. Bilateral Nonsyndromic Sensorineural Hearing Loss Caused by a NARS2 Mutation. Cureus 2022; 14:e31467. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kline BL, Jaillard S, Bell KM, Bakhshalizadeh S, Robevska G, van den Bergen J, Dulon J, Ayers KL, Christodoulou J, Tchan MC, Touraine P, Sinclair AH, Tucker EJ. Integral Role of the Mitochondrial Ribosome in Supporting Ovarian Function: MRPS7 Variants in Syndromic Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2113. [PMID: 36421788 PMCID: PMC9690861 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ribosome is critical to mitochondrial protein synthesis. Defects in both the large and small subunits of the mitochondrial ribosome can cause human disease, including, but not limited to, cardiomyopathy, hypoglycaemia, neurological dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). POI is a common cause of infertility, characterised by elevated follicle-stimulating hormone and amenorrhea in women under the age of 40. Here we describe a patient with POI, sensorineural hearing loss and Hashimoto's disease. The co-occurrence of POI with sensorineural hearing loss indicates Perrault syndrome. Whole exome sequencing identified two compound heterozygous variants in mitochondrial ribosomal protein 7 (MRPS7), c.373A>T/p.(Lys125*) and c.536G>A/p.(Arg179His). Both novel variants are predicted to be pathogenic via in-silico algorithms. Variants in MRPS7 have been described only once in the literature and were identified in sisters, one of whom presented with congenital sensorineural hearing loss and POI, consistent with our patient phenotype. The other affected sister had a more severe disease course and died in early adolescence due to liver and renal failure before the reproductive phenotype was known. This second independent report validates that variants in MRPS7 are a cause of syndromic POI/Perrault syndrome. We present this case and review the current evidence supporting the integral role of the mitochondrial ribosome in supporting ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L. Kline
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), INSERM/EHESP/Univ Rennes/CHU Rennes–UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Katrina M. Bell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gorjana Robevska
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jocelyn van den Bergen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jérôme Dulon
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Sorbonne University Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Katie L. Ayers
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michel C. Tchan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Sorbonne University Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Andrew H. Sinclair
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elena J. Tucker
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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20
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Turvey AK, Horvath GA, Cavalcanti ARO. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in human health and disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1029218. [PMID: 36330207 PMCID: PMC9623071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1029218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (aaRSs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of enzymes that catalyze the esterification reaction linking a transfer RNA (tRNA) with its cognate amino acid matching the anticodon triplet of the tRNA. Proper functioning of the aaRSs to create aminoacylated (or “charged”) tRNAs is required for efficient and accurate protein synthesis. Beyond their basic canonical function in protein biosynthesis, aaRSs have a surprisingly diverse array of non-canonical functions that are actively being defined. The human genome contains 37 genes that encode unique aaRS proteins. To date, 56 human genetic diseases caused by damaging variants in aaRS genes have been described: 46 are autosomal recessive biallelic disorders and 10 are autosomal dominant monoallelic disorders. Our appreciation of human diseases caused by damaging genetic variants in the aaRSs has been greatly accelerated by the advent of next-generation sequencing, with 89% of these gene discoveries made since 2010. In addition to these genetic disorders of the aaRSs, anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory myopathy that involves the production of autoantibodies that disrupt aaRS proteins. This review provides an overview of the basic biology of aaRS proteins and describes the rapidly growing list of human diseases known to be caused by genetic variants or autoimmune targeting that affect both the canonical and non-canonical functions of these essential proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Turvey
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexandra K. Turvey,
| | - Gabriella A. Horvath
- Division of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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The Bacterial ClpXP-ClpB Family Is Enriched with RNA-Binding Protein Complexes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152370. [PMID: 35954215 PMCID: PMC9368063 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the matrix of bacteria/mitochondria/chloroplasts, Lon acts as the degradation machine for soluble proteins. In stress periods, however, proteostasis and survival depend on the strongly conserved Clp/Hsp100 family. Currently, the targets of ATP-powered unfoldases/disaggregases ClpB and ClpX and of peptidase ClpP heptameric rings are still unclear. Trapping experiments and proteome profiling in multiple organisms triggered confusion, so we analyzed the consistency of ClpP-trap targets in bacteria. We also provide meta-analyses of protein interactions in humans, to elucidate where Clp family members are enriched. Furthermore, meta-analyses of mouse complexomics are provided. Genotype–phenotype correlations confirmed our concept. Trapping, proteome, and complexome data retrieved consistent coaccumulation of CLPXP with GFM1 and TUFM orthologs. CLPX shows broad interaction selectivity encompassing mitochondrial translation elongation, RNA granules, and nucleoids. CLPB preferentially attaches to mitochondrial RNA granules and translation initiation components; CLPP is enriched with them all and associates with release/recycling factors. Mutations in CLPP cause Perrault syndrome, with phenotypes similar to defects in mtDNA/mtRNA. Thus, we propose that CLPB and CLPXP are crucial to counteract misfolded insoluble protein assemblies that contain nucleotides. This insight is relevant to improve ClpP-modulating drugs that block bacterial growth and for the treatment of human infertility, deafness, and neurodegeneration.
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22
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Galindo-Feria AS, Notarnicola A, Lundberg IE, Horuluoglu B. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases: On Anti-Synthetase Syndrome and Beyond. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866087. [PMID: 35634293 PMCID: PMC9136399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies targeting one of several aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases (aaRSs) along with clinical features including interstitial lung disease, myositis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, arthritis, mechanic’s hands, and fever. The family of aaRSs consists of highly conserved cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes, one for each amino acid, which are essential for the RNA translation machinery and protein synthesis. Along with their main functions, aaRSs are involved in the development of immune responses, regulation of transcription, and gene-specific silencing of translation. During the last decade, these proteins have been associated with cancer, neurological disorders, infectious responses, and autoimmune diseases including ASSD. To date, several aaRSs have been described to be possible autoantigens in different diseases. The most commonly described are histidyl (HisRS), threonyl (ThrRS), alanyl (AlaRS), glycyl (GlyRS), isoleucyl (IleRS), asparaginyl (AsnRS), phenylalanyl (PheRS), tyrosyl (TyrRS), lysyl (LysRS), glutaminyl (GlnRS), tryptophanyl (TrpRS), and seryl (SerRS) tRNA synthetases. Autoantibodies against the first eight autoantigens listed above have been associated with ASSD while the rest have been associated with other diseases. This review will address what is known about the function of the aaRSs with a focus on their autoantigenic properties. We will also describe the anti-aaRSs autoantibodies and their association to specific clinical manifestations, and discuss their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of ASSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles S. Galindo-Feria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonella Notarnicola
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid E. Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Begum Horuluoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Begum Horuluoglu,
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23
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Ng YS, Lim AZ, Panagiotou G, Turnbull DM, Walker M. Endocrine Manifestations and New Developments in Mitochondrial Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:583-609. [PMID: 35552684 PMCID: PMC9113134 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of common inherited diseases causing disruption of oxidative phosphorylation. Some patients with mitochondrial disease have endocrine manifestations, with diabetes mellitus being predominant but also include hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, and hypoparathyroidism. There have been major developments in mitochondrial disease over the past decade that have major implications for all patients. The collection of large cohorts of patients has better defined the phenotype of mitochondrial diseases and the majority of patients with endocrine abnormalities have involvement of several other systems. This means that patients with mitochondrial disease and endocrine manifestations need specialist follow-up because some of the other manifestations, such as stroke-like episodes and cardiomyopathy, are potentially life threatening. Also, the development and follow-up of large cohorts of patients means that there are clinical guidelines for the management of patients with mitochondrial disease. There is also considerable research activity to identify novel therapies for the treatment of mitochondrial disease. The revolution in genetics, with the introduction of next-generation sequencing, has made genetic testing more available and establishing a precise genetic diagnosis is important because it will affect the risk for involvement for different organ systems. Establishing a genetic diagnosis is also crucial because important reproductive options have been developed that will prevent the transmission of mitochondrial disease because of mitochondrial DNA variants to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Albert Zishen Lim
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Mitochondrial-Related Transcriptome Feature Correlates with Prognosis, Vascular Invasion, Tumor Microenvironment, and Treatment Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1592905. [PMID: 35535359 PMCID: PMC9078845 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1592905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer, which was highly correlated with metabolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, the association between nuclear mitochondrial-related transcriptome and HCC remained unclear. Materials and Methods A total of 147 nuclear mitochondrial-related genes (NMRGs) were downloaded from the MITOMAP: A Human Mitochondrial Genome Database. The training dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), while validation datasets were retrieved from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The univariate and multivariate, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses were applied to construct a NMRG signature, and the value of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was utilized to assess the signature and nomogram. Then, data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) were used for the evaluation of chemotherapy response in HCC. Results Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and paired normal tissue samples demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction was significantly associated with HCC development. Survival analysis showed a total of 35 NMRGs were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) of HCC, and the LASSO Cox regression analysis further identified a 25-NMRG signature and corresponding prognosis score based on their transcriptional profiling. HCC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median prognosis score, and high-risk patients had significantly worse OS (median OS: 27.50 vs. 83.18 months, P < 0.0001). The AUC values for OS at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.79, 0.77, and 0.77, respectively. The prognostic capacity of NMRG signature was verified in the GSE14520 dataset and ICGC-HCC cohort. Besides, the NMRG signature outperformed each NMRG and clinical features in prognosis prediction and could also differentiate whether patients presented with vascular invasions (VIs) or not. Subsequently, a prognostic nomogram (C-index: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.703~0.804) by the integration of age, tumor metastasis, and NMRG prognosis score was constructed with the AUC values for OS at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.82, 0.81, and 0.82, respectively. Notably, significant enrichment of regulatory and follicular helper T cells in high-risk group indicated the potential treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors for these patients. Interestingly, the NMRG signature could also identify the potential responders of sorafenib or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. Additionally, HCC patients in high-risk group appeared to be more sensitive to cisplatin, vorinostat, and methotrexate, reversely, patients in low-risk group had significantly higher sensitivity to paclitaxel and bleomycin instead. Conclusions In summary, the development of NMRG signature provided a more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in HCC, helped predict prognosis and tumor microenvironment, and provided potential targeted therapies for HCC patients with different NMRG prognosis scores.
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25
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Faridi R, Rea A, Fenollar-Ferrer C, O'Keefe RT, Gu S, Munir Z, Khan AA, Riazuddin S, Hoa M, Naz S, Newman WG, Friedman TB. New insights into Perrault syndrome, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Hum Genet 2022; 141:805-819. [PMID: 34338890 PMCID: PMC11330641 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss and impaired fertility are common human disorders each with multiple genetic causes. Sometimes deafness and impaired fertility, which are the hallmarks of Perrault syndrome, co-occur in a person. Perrault syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bilateral mild to severe childhood sensorineural hearing loss with variable age of onset in both sexes and ovarian dysfunction in females who have a 46, XX karyotype. Since the initial clinical description of Perrault syndrome 70 years ago, the phenotype of some subjects may additionally involve developmental delay, intellectual deficit and other neurological disabilities, which can vary in severity in part dependent upon the genetic variants and the gene involved. Here, we review the molecular genetics and clinical phenotype of Perrault syndrome and focus on supporting evidence for the eight genes (CLPP, ERAL1, GGPS1, HARS2, HSD17B4, LARS2, RMND1, TWNK) associated with Perrault syndrome. Variants of these eight genes only account for approximately half of the individuals with clinical features of Perrault syndrome where the molecular genetic base remains under investigation. Additional environmental etiologies and novel Perrault disease-associated genes remain to be identified to account for unresolved cases. We also report a new genetic variant of CLPP, computational structural insight about CLPP and single cell RNAseq data for eight reported Perrault syndrome genes suggesting a common cellular pathophysiology for this disorder. Some unanswered questions are raised to kindle future research about Perrault syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Faridi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alessandro Rea
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raymond T O'Keefe
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zunaira Munir
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- present address: Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Asma Ali Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Allama Iqbal Medical Research Center, Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - William G Newman
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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26
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Wei L, Hou L, Ying YQ, Luo XP. A Novel Missense Mutation in TWNK Gene Causing Perrault Syndrome Type 5 in a Chinese Family and Review of the Literature. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:1-8. [PMID: 35035228 PMCID: PMC8754503 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s341172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Perrault syndrome (PRLTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss in both sexes and ovarian dysfunction in females. In some cases, patients present with a diversity of neurological signs. Six genes are known to cause Perrault syndrome. Case Report We report an 11-year-old Chinese girl with delayed gonadal development, sensorineural hearing loss, and neurologic manifestations. Genetic etiology was identified by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed via Sanger sequencing. Compound heterozygous variants with one novel variant c.1752C>A (p.D584E) and one known pathogenic variant c.1172G>A (p.R391H) in TWNK were discovered in the child and inherited from her parents, respectively. Conclusion The compound heterozygous variants c.1172G>A (p.R391H) and c.1752C>A (p.D584E) of the TWNK gene probably underlie PRLTS type 5 (PRLTS5). This study expands the mutation spectrum of TWNK pathogenicity in the PRLTS5 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
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27
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Xu P, Wang L, Peng H, Liu H, Liu H, Yuan Q, Lin Y, Xu J, Pang X, Wu H, Yang T. Disruption of Hars2 in Cochlear Hair Cells Causes Progressive Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hearing Loss in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:804345. [PMID: 34975414 PMCID: PMC8715924 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.804345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in a number of genes encoding mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases lead to non-syndromic and/or syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in humans, while their cellular and physiological pathology in cochlea has rarely been investigated in vivo. In this study, we showed that histidyl-tRNA synthetase HARS2, whose deficiency is associated with Perrault syndrome 2 (PRLTS2), is robustly expressed in postnatal mouse cochlea including the outer and inner hair cells. Targeted knockout of Hars2 in mouse hair cells resulted in delayed onset (P30), rapidly progressive hearing loss similar to the PRLTS2 hearing phenotype. Significant hair cell loss was observed starting from P45 following elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Despite of normal ribbon synapse formation, whole-cell patch clamp of the inner hair cells revealed reduced calcium influx and compromised sustained synaptic exocytosis prior to the hair cell loss at P30, consistent with the decreased supra-threshold wave I amplitudes of the auditory brainstem response. Starting from P14, increasing proportion of morphologically abnormal mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscope, exhibiting swelling, deformation, loss of cristae and emergence of large intrinsic vacuoles that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Though the mitochondrial abnormalities are more prominent in inner hair cells, it is the outer hair cells suffering more severe cell loss. Taken together, our results suggest that conditional knockout of Hars2 in mouse cochlear hair cells leads to accumulating mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS stress, triggers progressive hearing loss highlighted by hair cell synaptopathy and apoptosis, and is differentially perceived by inner and outer hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Longhao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyue Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhong Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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28
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Gonzalez-Latapi P, Sousa M, Lang AE. Movement Disorders Associated with Hypogonadism. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:997-1011. [PMID: 34631935 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of movement disorders can be associated with hypogonadism. Identification of this association may aid in guiding workup and reaching an accurate diagnosis. We conducted a comprehensive and structured search to identify the most common movement disorders associated with hypogonadism. Only Case Reports and Case Series articles were included. Ataxia was the most common movement disorder associated with hypogonadism, including entities such as Gordon-Holmes syndrome, Boucher-Neuhäuser, Marinesco-Sjögren and Perrault syndrome. Tremor was also commonly described, particularly with aneuploidies such as Klinefelter syndrome and Jacob's syndrome. Other rare conditions including mitochondrial disorders and Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome are associated with dystonia and parkinsonism and either hypo or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. We also highlight those entities where a combination of movement disorders is present. Hypogonadism may be more commonly associated with movement disorders than previously appreciated. It is important for the clinician to be aware of this association, as well as accompanying symptoms in order to reach a precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mario Sousa
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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29
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Mabanglo MF, Bhandari V, Houry WA. Substrates and interactors of the ClpP protease in the mitochondria. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 66:102078. [PMID: 34446368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ClpP protease is found across eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is well-characterized in bacteria where its function is important in maintaining protein homeostasis. Along with its ATPase partners, it has been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of enzymes involved in important cellular pathways. In eukaryotes, ClpP is found within cellular organelles. Proteomic studies have begun to characterize the role of this protease in the mitochondria through its interactions. Here, we discuss the proteomic techniques used to identify its interactors and present an atlas of mitochondrial ClpP substrates. The ClpP substrate pool is extensive and consists of proteins involved in essential mitochondrial processes such as the Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, translation, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Discoveries of these associations have begun to illustrate the functional significance of ClpP in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Mabanglo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Vaibhav Bhandari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Walid A Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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30
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Souissi A, Ben Said M, Frikha F, Elloumi I, Masmoudi S, Megarbane A. Expanding the Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of HARS2-Perrault Syndrome: Identification of a Novel Homozygous Missense Variant in the HARS2 gene. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:528-539. [PMID: 34406847 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Variants in the HARS2 gene have been reported to be associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss (HL) and Perrault syndrome (PS), a rare recessive disorder marked by bilateral sensorineural HL and ovarian dysgenesis. Given the low number of pathogenic variants described in the HARS2 gene, no genotype/phenotype correlations have been established between variants in this gene and the clinical data. Materials and Methods: Whole blood was collected from four members of a Lebanese family with PS. An affected woman was evaluated for HL by clinical examination and audiological tests. Primary ovarian failure was analyzed according to age of primary or secondary amenorrhea, follicle stimulating hormone levels, and pelvic ultrasound. The existence of neurological symptoms and other associated conditions was checked. To identify the causative variant, we used a custom HaloPlexHS panel for next-generation sequencing of the coding sequences of six genes implicated in this syndrome. Results: We identified a novel homozygous HARS2 missense variant (c.260G>A; p.Arg87His), which is only the second homozygous variant in the HARS2 gene identified to date worldwide. This variant is predicted to be deleterious by multiple in silico analysis tools, moreover the Arg87 amino acid nearly is invariant among eight species. Based on molecular modeling analysis, this variation is predicted to disturb the proper folding of HARS2, which may reduce its aminoacylation efficiency. Clinical data are compared with the other cases recorded in the literature to help gain further knowledge with regard to the phenotype. Conclusion: Our results provide strong evidence corroborating the etiological association of this mutation with the HARS2-PS phenotype. HARS2 variants need to be searched for in patients with early-onset bilateral sensorineural HL and ovarian dysfunction in women so as to guarantee accurate endocrinological surveillance and management to minimize secondary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Souissi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ben Said
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Elloumi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saber Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Andre Megarbane
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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31
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Yang Q, Mumusoglu S, Qin Y, Sun Y, Hsueh AJ. A kaleidoscopic view of ovarian genes associated with premature ovarian insufficiency and senescence. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21753. [PMID: 34233068 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100756r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian infertility and subfertility presenting with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and diminished ovarian reserve are major issues facing the developed world due to the trend of delaying childbirth. Ovarian senescence and POI represent a continuum of physiological/pathophysiological changes in ovarian follicle functions. Based on advances in whole exome sequencing, evaluation of gene copy variants, together with family-based and genome-wide association studies, we discussed genes responsible for POI and ovarian senescence. We used a gene-centric approach to sort out literature deposited in the Ovarian Kaleidoscope database (http://okdb.appliedbioinfo.net) by sub-categorizing candidate genes as ligand-receptor signaling, meiosis and DNA repair, transcriptional factors, RNA metabolism, enzymes, and others. We discussed individual gene mutations found in POI patients and verification of gene functions in gene-deleted model organisms. Decreased expression of some of the POI genes could be responsible for ovarian senescence, especially those essential for DNA repair, meiosis and mitochondrial functions. We propose to set up a candidate gene panel for targeted sequencing in POI patients together with studies on mitochondria-associated genes in middle-aged subfertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sezcan Mumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aaron J Hsueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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32
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Yu Y, Yang J, Luan F, Gu G, Zhao R, Wang Q, Dong Z, Tang J, Wang W, Sun J, Lv P, Zhang H, Wang C. Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Mitochondrial Apoptosis of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Fibroblast Growth Factor 13 Knockout Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:658586. [PMID: 34220452 PMCID: PMC8242186 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.658586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deafness is known to occur in more than 400 syndromes and accounts for almost 30% of hereditary hearing loss. The molecular mechanisms underlying such syndromic deafness remain unclear. Furthermore, deafness has been a common feature in patients with three main syndromes, the BÖrjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, Wildervanck syndrome, and Congenital Generalized Hirsutism, all of which are characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the Fgf13 gene. Whether the pathogenesis of deafness in these syndromes is associated with the Fgf13 mutation is not known. To elucidate its role in auditory function, we generated a mouse line with conditional knockout of the Fgf13 gene in the inner ear (Fgf13 cKO). FGF13 is expressed predominantly in the organ of Corti, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), stria vascularis, and the supporting cells. Conditional knockout of the gene in the inner ear led to sensorineural deafness with low amplitude and increased latency of wave I in the auditory brainstem response test but had a normal distortion product otoacoustic emission threshold. Fgf13 deficiency resulted in decreased SGN density from the apical to the basal region without significant morphological changes and those in the number of hair cells. TUNEL and caspase-3 immunocytochemistry assays showed that apoptotic cell death mediated the loss of SGNs. Further detection of apoptotic factors through qRT-PCR suggested the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in SGNs. Together, this study reveals a novel role for Fgf13 in auditory function, and indicates that the gene could be a potential candidate for understanding deafness. These findings may provide new perspectives on the molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets for treatment deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulou Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Luan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zishan Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junming Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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33
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Figuccia S, Degiorgi A, Ceccatelli Berti C, Baruffini E, Dallabona C, Goffrini P. Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase and Disease: The Yeast Contribution for Functional Analysis of Novel Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094524. [PMID: 33926074 PMCID: PMC8123711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, mitochondrial protein synthesis is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as some subunits of the respiratory chain complexes are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mutations affecting the mitochondrial translation apparatus have been identified as a major cause of mitochondrial diseases. These mutations include either heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations in genes encoding for the mitochondrial rRNA (mtrRNA) and tRNAs (mttRNAs) or mutations in nuclear genes encoding ribosomal proteins, initiation, elongation and termination factors, tRNA-modifying enzymes, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs). Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the attachment of specific amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Differently from most mttRNAs, which are encoded by mitochondrial genome, mtARSs are encoded by nuclear genes and then imported into the mitochondria after translation in the cytosol. Due to the extensive use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), an increasing number of mtARSs variants associated with large clinical heterogeneity have been identified in recent years. Being most of these variants private or sporadic, it is crucial to assess their causative role in the disease by functional analysis in model systems. This review will focus on the contributions of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the functional validation of mutations found in mtARSs genes associated with human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Dallabona
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (P.G.); Tel.: +39-0521-905600 (C.D.); +39-0521-905107 (P.G.)
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (P.G.); Tel.: +39-0521-905600 (C.D.); +39-0521-905107 (P.G.)
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34
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Structural analyses of a human lysyl-tRNA synthetase mutant associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 554:83-88. [PMID: 33784510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs and therefore play an essential role in protein biosynthesis in all living cells. The KARS gene in human encodes both cytosolic and mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS). A recent study identified a missense mutation in KARS gene (c.517T > C) that caused autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. This mutation led to a tyrosine to histidine (YH) substitution in both cytosolic and mitochondrial LysRS proteins, and decreased their aminoacylation activity to different levels. Here, we report the crystal structure of LysRS YH mutant at a resolution of 2.5 Å. We found that the mutation did not interfere with the active center, nor did it cause any significant conformational changes in the protein. The loops involved in tetramer interface and tRNA anticodon binding site showed relatively bigger variations between the mutant and wild type proteins. Considering the differences between the cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNAlyss, we suggest that the mutation triggered subtle changes in the tRNA anticodon binding region, and the interferences were further amplified by the different D and T loops in mitochondrial tRNAlys, and led to a complete loss of the aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAlys.
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35
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Ceccatelli Berti C, di Punzio G, Dallabona C, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Lodi T, Donnini C. The Power of Yeast in Modelling Human Nuclear Mutations Associated with Mitochondrial Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:300. [PMID: 33672627 PMCID: PMC7924180 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of next generation sequencing approaches to the analysis of human exome and whole genome data has enabled the identification of novel variants and new genes involved in mitochondrial diseases. The ability of surviving in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial genome makes the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for investigating the role of these new variants in mitochondrial-related conditions and dissecting the molecular mechanisms associated with these diseases. The aim of this review was to highlight the main advantages offered by this model for the study of mitochondrial diseases, from the validation and characterisation of novel mutations to the dissection of the role played by genes in mitochondrial functionality and the discovery of potential therapeutic molecules. The review also provides a summary of the main contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial diseases emerged from the study of this simple eukaryotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (C.C.B.); (G.d.P.); (C.D.); (E.B.); (P.G.); (T.L.)
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36
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La Marca A, Mastellari E. Fertility preservation for genetic diseases leading to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:759-777. [PMID: 33495935 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current review aims to summarize the data available concerning the applicability of fertility preservation techniques to genetic conditions at risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). METHODS A literature review through the PubMed Database was carried out. RESULTS About 10% of cases of POI is related to genetic diseases. The most frequent conditions associated with POI are Turner syndrome and fragile X pre-mutation; mutation of BRCA 1-2 genes and several other mutations and genetic syndromes have recently been highlighted, although they rarely occur. If a diagnosis is issued before POI onset, counseling on currently available fertility preservation techniques is advisable. In case of spontaneous menarche (this can occur variably depending on the mutation) established techniques like embryo or oocyte cryopreservation can be proposed, even if, in some cases, their effectiveness may be reduced by ovarian alterations connected to the mutation. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation has recently been defined as an established medical procedure for fertility preservation in young cancer patients and may be an option for prepubertal patients. However, it is still experimental in special populations with genetic diseases causing POI. New innovative experimental techniques, like in vitro maturation of immature oocytes (IVM) and vitro activation (IVA) of immature follicles on ovarian tissue, have shown limited but encouraging data and they will be probably available in the near future. For a correct risk-benefit evaluation, the following aspects should be considered: actual knowledge about the pathology-specific efficacy of the various techniques, the average age of onset of POI, the possible risks associated with the procedure in relation to the underlying pathology, the probability of spontaneous conception, as well as the health implications of a possible future pregnancy.. CONCLUSIONS Fertility preservation techniques represent a crucial opportunity for patients with genetic risk of POI. Early diagnosis increases the chances to apply these techniques. No specific recommendations concerning fertility preservation for each genetic pathology are available, and clinicians should first counsel the patient and her relatives about known risks and benefits of the available techniques, both those established and those considered as experimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio La Marca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Clinica Eugin Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Elisa Mastellari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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37
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Webb BD, Diaz GA, Prasun P. Mitochondrial translation defects and human disease. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 4:71-80. [PMID: 33426504 PMCID: PMC7791537 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria perform the essential function of producing cellular energy in the form of ATP via the oxidative phosphorylation system. This system is composed of 5 multimeric protein complexes of which 13 protein subunits are encoded by the mitochondrial genome: Complex I (7 subunits), Complex III (1 subunit),Complex IV (3 subunits), and Complex (2 subunits). Effective mitochondrial translation is necessary to produce the protein subunits encoded by the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Defects in mitochondrial translation are known to cause a wide variety of clinical disease in humans with high-energy consuming organs generally most prominently affected. Here, we review several classes of disease resulting from defective mitochondrial translation including disorders with mitochondrial tRNA mutations, mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders, mitochondrial rRNA mutations, and mitochondrial ribosomal protein disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - George A Diaz
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pankaj Prasun
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Abstract
Fertility represents a biological and psychological requirement for women. Some genetic diseases represent a rare cause of infertility, being responsible for 10% of cases of premature ovarian insufficiency. Among these, the most frequent and also those most studied by researchers are Turner Syndrome - due to a karyotype abnormality of the X chromosome pair - and the presence of fragile X premutation (FMR1). To exclude these conditions the diagnostic workup for non-iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) involves the performance of a karyotype analysis and the search for the FMR1 gene mutation, as well as the search for the presence of Y-chromosomal material. However, several other mutations and genetic syndromes associated with POI development have recently been highlighted, although they occur rarely, such as the GALT gene mutation in galactosemia or the FOXL2 gene mutation in BPES and many others, and further autosomal genetic testing are indicated if clinical suspicion is present. Mutations of BRCA 1 and 2 genes, make patients at genetically determined high risk of developing early ovarian or breast cancer and of getting POIs for the treatments they must undergo to prevent it (prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy) or treat it (chemotherapy). The management of impaired fertility is not less important than that of other syndromic manifestations for the quality of life of patients. Few data are available regarding the efficiency of cryopreservation of reproductive material (oocytes, embryos or ovarian tissue) in order to preserve fertility in this particular subgroup of patients, but certainly it represents a promising chance and a hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mastellari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy -
- Clinica Eugin Modena, Modena, Italy
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Yu J, Jiang W, Cao L, Na X, Yang J. Two novel likely pathogenic variants of HARS2 identified in a Chinese family with sensorineural hearing loss. Hereditas 2020; 157:47. [PMID: 33228777 PMCID: PMC7684720 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in HARS2 are one of the genetic causes of Perrault syndrome, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and ovarian dysfunction. Here, we identified two novel putative pathogenic variants of HARS2 in a Chinese family with sensorineural hearing loss including two affected male siblings, c.349G > A (p.Asp117Asn) and c.908 T > C (p.Leu303Pro), through targeted next-generation sequencing methods. The two affected siblings (13 and 11 years old) presented with early-onset, rapidly progressive SNHL. The affected siblings did not have any inner ear malformations or delays in gross motor development. Combined with preexisting clinical reports, Perrault syndrome may be latent in some families with non-syndromic deafness associated with HARS2 mutations. The definitive diagnosis of Perrault syndrome based on clinical features alone is a challenge in sporadic males, and preadolescent females with no signs of POI. Our findings further expanded the existing spectrum of HARS2 variants and Perrault syndrome phenotypes, which will assist in molecular diagnosis and genetic counselling of patients with HARS2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610071, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province , Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, The First Ring Road West Section 2 #32, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610071, PR China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610071, PR China
| | - Li Cao
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610071, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Na
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province , Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, The First Ring Road West Section 2 #32, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610071, PR China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610071, PR China
| | - Jiyun Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province , Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, The First Ring Road West Section 2 #32, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610071, PR China. .,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610071, PR China.
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40
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Li X, Peng B, Hou C, Li J, Zeng Y, Wu W, Liao Y, Tian Y, Chen WX. Novel compound heterozygous TARS2 variants in a Chinese family with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:217. [PMID: 33153448 PMCID: PMC7643390 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by bi-allelic deleterious variants in TARS2 is rare. To date, only two pedigrees were reported in the literature and the connection between the gene and disease needs further study. Case presentation We report one infant who presented with limb hypertonia, epilepsy, developmental delay, and increased serum lactate from a non-consanguineous Chinese family. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to help to underlie the cause. We identified compound heterozygous variants c.470C > G, p.Thr157Arg and c.2143G > A, p.Glu715Lys in TARS2 and the variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The patient was diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 according to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database based on the clinical data and the deleterious effect of the two variants in TARS2 predicted by in silico tools. Conclusions We presented one case diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 based on clinical characteristics and genetic analysis. This is the first case in China and the fourth case in the world based on our document retrieval. This study facilitates the understanding of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency disease and demonstrates that the next-generation sequencing has a high potential to study inherited disease with high phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic heterogeneity including mitochondrial diseases such as combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Hou
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinting Liao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Chung KW, Kim JS, Lee KS. A Database of Caenorhabditis elegans Locomotion and Body Posture Phenotypes for the Peripheral Neuropathy Model. Mol Cells 2020; 43:880-888. [PMID: 33115980 PMCID: PMC7604027 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of peripheral neurodegenerative disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Many peripheral neuropathies often accompany impaired axonal construction and function. To study the molecular and cellular basis of axon-defective peripheral neuropathy, we explore the possibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans, a powerful nematode model equipped with a variety of genetics and imaging tools. In search of potential candidates of C. elegans peripheral neuropathy models, we monitored the movement and the body posture patterns of 26 C. elegans strains with disruption of genes associated with various peripheral neuropathies and compiled a database of their phenotypes. Our assay showed that movement features of the worms with mutations in HSPB1, MFN2, DYNC1H1, and KIF1B human homologues are significantly different from the control strain, suggesting they are viable candidates for C. elegans peripheral neuropathy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Ju Seong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Lee
- Department of Physics Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea
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Oziębło D, Pazik J, Stępniak I, Skarżyński H, Ołdak M. Two Novel Pathogenic Variants Confirm RMND1 Causative Role in Perrault Syndrome with Renal Involvement. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1060. [PMID: 32911714 PMCID: PMC7564844 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RMND1 (required for meiotic nuclear division 1 homolog) pathogenic variants are known to cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency (COXPD11), a severe multisystem disorder. In one patient, a homozygous RMND1 pathogenic variant, with an established role in COXPD11, was associated with a Perrault-like syndrome. We performed a thorough clinical investigation and applied a targeted multigene hearing loss panel to reveal the cause of hearing loss, ovarian dysfunction (two cardinal features of Perrault syndrome) and chronic kidney disease in two adult female siblings. Two compound heterozygous missense variants, c.583G>A (p.Gly195Arg) and c.818A>C (p.Tyr273Ser), not previously associated with disease, were identified in RMND1 in both patients, and their segregation with disease was confirmed in family members. The patients have no neurological or intellectual impairment, and nephrological evaluation predicts a benign course of kidney disease. Our study presents the mildest, so far reported, RMND1-related phenotype and delivers the first independent confirmation that RMND1 is causally involved in the development of Perrault syndrome with renal involvement. This highlights the importance of including RMND1 to the list of Perrault syndrome causative factors and provides new insight into the clinical manifestation of RMND1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Oziębło
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (D.O.); (I.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Pazik
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Stępniak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (D.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Henryk Skarżyński
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Surgery Clinic, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland; (D.O.); (I.S.)
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43
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Sharma P, Bharat, Dogra N, Singh S. Small Regulatory Molecules Acting Big in Cancer: Potential Role of Mito-miRs in Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:621-631. [PMID: 31340735 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190723165357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs [miRNAs] are short, non-coding, single stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression of their targets at the posttranscriptional level by either degrading mRNA or by inhibiting translation. Previously, miRNAs have been reported to be present inside the mitochondria and these miRNAs have been termed as mito-miRs. Origin of these mito-miRs may either be from mitochondrial genome or import from nucleus. The second class of mito-miRs makes it important to unravel the involvement of miRNAs in crosstalk between nucleus and mitochondria. Since miRNAs are involved in various physiological processes, their deregulation is often associated with disease progression, including cancer. The current review focuses on the involvement of miRNAs in different mitochondrial mediated processes. It also highlights the importance of exploring the interaction of miRNAs with mitochondrial genome, which may lead to the development of small regulatory RNA based therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Bharat
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Nilambra Dogra
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
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44
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Riley LG, Rudinger-Thirion J, Frugier M, Wilson M, Luig M, Alahakoon TI, Nixon CY, Kirk EP, Roscioli T, Lunke S, Stark Z, Wierenga KJ, Palle S, Walsh M, Higgs E, Arbuckle S, Thirukeswaran S, Compton AG, Thorburn DR, Christodoulou J. The expanding LARS2 phenotypic spectrum: HLASA, Perrault syndrome with leukodystrophy, and mitochondrial myopathy. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1425-1434. [PMID: 32442335 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
LARS2 variants are associated with Perrault syndrome, characterized by premature ovarian failure and hearing loss, and with an infantile lethal multisystem disorder: Hydrops, lactic acidosis, sideroblastic anemia (HLASA) in one individual. Recently we reported LARS2 deafness with (ovario) leukodystrophy. Here we describe five patients with a range of phenotypes, in whom we identified biallelic LARS2 variants: three patients with a HLASA-like phenotype, an individual with Perrault syndrome whose affected siblings also had leukodystrophy, and an individual with a reversible mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and developmental delay. Three HLASA cases from two unrelated families were identified. All were males with genital anomalies. Two survived multisystem disease in the neonatal period; both have developmental delay and hearing loss. A 55-year old male with deafness has not displayed neurological symptoms while his female siblings with Perrault syndrome developed leukodystrophy and died in their 30s. Analysis of muscle from a child with a reversible myopathy showed reduced LARS2 and mitochondrial complex I levels, and an unusual form of degeneration. Analysis of recombinant LARS2 variant proteins showed they had reduced aminoacylation efficiency, with HLASA-associated variants having the most severe effect. A broad phenotypic spectrum should be considered in association with LARS2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Riley
- Rare Diseases Functional Genomics, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion
- Université de Strasbourg, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Magali Frugier
- Université de Strasbourg, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Luig
- Department of Neonatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thushari Indika Alahakoon
- Westmead Institute for Maternal & Fetal Medicine, Westmead Hospital & University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cheng Yee Nixon
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Genetics Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edwin P Kirk
- Genetics Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Klaas J Wierenga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Sirish Palle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Maie Walsh
- Genetic Medicine & Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Higgs
- Genetic Medicine & Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Arbuckle
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shalini Thirukeswaran
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison G Compton
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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45
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Genomic sequencing highlights the diverse molecular causes of Perrault syndrome: a peroxisomal disorder (PEX6), metabolic disorders (CLPP, GGPS1), and mtDNA maintenance/translation disorders (LARS2, TFAM). Hum Genet 2020; 139:1325-1343. [PMID: 32399598 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perrault syndrome is a rare heterogeneous condition characterised by sensorineural hearing loss and premature ovarian insufficiency. Additional neuromuscular pathology is observed in some patients. There are six genes in which variants are known to cause Perrault syndrome; however, these explain only a minority of cases. We investigated the genetic cause of Perrault syndrome in seven affected individuals from five different families, successfully identifying the cause in four patients. This included previously reported and novel causative variants in known Perrault syndrome genes, CLPP and LARS2, involved in mitochondrial proteolysis and mitochondrial translation, respectively. For the first time, we show that pathogenic variants in PEX6 can present clinically as Perrault syndrome. PEX6 encodes a peroxisomal biogenesis factor, and we demonstrate evidence of peroxisomal dysfunction in patient serum. This study consolidates the clinical overlap between Perrault syndrome and peroxisomal disorders, and highlights the need to consider ovarian function in individuals with atypical/mild peroxisomal disorders. The remaining patients had variants in candidate genes such as TFAM, involved in mtDNA transcription, replication, and packaging, and GGPS1 involved in mevalonate/coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis and whose enzymatic product is required for mouse folliculogenesis. This genomic study highlights the diverse molecular landscape of this poorly understood syndrome.
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46
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Wang Y, Zhou JB, Zeng QY, Wu S, Xue MQ, Fang P, Wang ED, Zhou XL. Hearing impairment-associated KARS mutations lead to defects in aminoacylation of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNA Lys. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1227-1239. [PMID: 32189241 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes, synthesizing aminoacyl-tRNAs for protein synthesis. Functional defects of aaRSs frequently cause various human disorders. Human KARS encodes both cytosolic and mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetases (LysRSs). Previously, two mutations (c.1129G>A and c.517T>C) were identified that led to hearing impairment; however, the underlying biochemical mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we found that the two mutations have no impact on the incorporation of LysRS into the multiple-synthetase complex in the cytosol, but affect the cytosolic LysRS level, its tertiary structure, and cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation in vitro. As for mitochondrial translation, the two mutations have little effect on the steady-state level, mitochondrial targeting, and tRNA binding affinity of mitochondrial LysRS. However, they exhibit striking differences in charging mitochondrial tRNALys, with the c.517T>C mutant being completely deficient in vitro and in vivo. We constructed two yeast genetic models, which are powerful tools to test the in vivo aminoacylation activity of KARS mutations at both the cytosolic and mitochondrial levels. Overall, our data provided biochemical insights into the potentially molecular pathological mechanism of KARS c.1129G>A and c.517T>C mutations and provided yeast genetic bases to investigate other KARS mutations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mei-Qin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Stanford JB, Schliep KC, Chang CP, O’Sullivan JP, Porucznik CA. Comparison of woman-picked, expert-picked, and computer-picked Peak Day of cervical mucus with blinded urine luteinising hormone surge for concurrent identification of ovulation. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:105-113. [PMID: 32101336 PMCID: PMC8495767 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated that women instructed in fertility awareness methods can identify the Peak Day of cervical mucus discharge for each menstrual cycle, and the Peak Day has high agreement with other indicators of the day of ovulation. However, previous studies enrolled experienced users of fertility awareness methods or were not fully blinded. OBJECTIVE To assess the agreement between cervical mucus Peak Day identified by fertile women without prior experience on assessing cervical mucus discharge with the estimated day of ovulation (1 day after urine luteinising hormone surge). METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomised trial of the Creighton Model FertilityCareTM System (CrM), conducted 2003-2006, for women trying to conceive. Women who had no prior experience tracking cervical mucus recorded vulvar observations daily using a standardised assessment of mucus characteristics for up to seven menstrual cycles. Four approaches were used to identify the Peak Day. The referent day was defined as one day after the first identified day of luteinising hormone (LH) surge in the urine, assessed blindly. The percentage of agreement between the Peak Day and the referent day of ovulation was calculated. RESULTS Fifty-seven women with 187 complete cycles were included. A Peak Day was identified in 117 (63%) cycles by women, 185 (99%) cycles by experts, and 187 (100%) by computer algorithm. The woman-picked Peak Day was the same as the referent day in 25% of 117 cycles, within ±1 day in 58% of cycles, ±2 days in 84%, ±3 days in 87%, and ±4 days in 92%. The ±1 day and ± 4 days' agreement was 50% and 90% for the expert-picked and 47% and 87% for the computer-picked Peak Day, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Women's daily tracking of cervical mucus is a low-cost alternative for identifying the estimated day of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Stanford
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen C. Schliep
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chun-Pin Chang
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Christina A. Porucznik
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Demain LAM, Gerkes EH, Smith RJH, Molina-Ramirez LP, O'Keefe RT, Newman WG. A recurrent missense variant in HARS2 results in variable sensorineural hearing loss in three unrelated families. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:305-311. [PMID: 31827252 PMCID: PMC7500128 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
HARS2 encodes mitochondrial histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS2), which links histidine to its cognate tRNA in the mitochondrial matrix. Biallelic variants in HARS2 are associated with Perrault syndrome, a rare recessive condition characterized by sensorineural hearing loss in both sexes and primary ovarian insufficiency in 46,XX females. Some individuals with Perrault syndrome have a broader phenotypic spectrum with neurological features, including ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. Here, we report a recurrent variant in HARS2 in association with sensorineural hearing loss. In affected individuals from three unrelated families, the variant HARS2 c.1439G>A p.(Arg480His) is present as a heterozygous variant in trans to a putative pathogenic variant. The low prevalence of the allele HARS2 c.1439G>A p.(Arg480His) in the general population and its presence in three families with hearing loss, confirm the pathogenicity of this variant and illustrate the presentation of Perrault syndrome as nonsyndromic hearing loss in males and prepubertal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A M Demain
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NW Genomic Laboratory hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Erica H Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories and the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leslie P Molina-Ramirez
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NW Genomic Laboratory hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Raymond T O'Keefe
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- NW Genomic Laboratory hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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França MM, Mendonca BB. Genetics of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in the Next-Generation Sequencing Era. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvz037. [PMID: 32099950 PMCID: PMC7033037 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by amenorrhea, increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and hypoestrogenism, leading to infertility before the age of 40 years. Elucidating the cause of POI is a key point for diagnosing and treating affected women. Here, we review the genetic etiology of POI, highlighting new genes identified in the last few years using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for articles published in or translated to English. Several genes were found to be associated with POI genetic etiology in humans and animal models (SPIDR, BMPR2, MSH4, MSH5, GJA4, FANCM, POLR2C, MRPS22, KHDRBS1, BNC1, WDR62, ATG7/ATG9, BRCA2, NOTCH2, POLR3H, and TP63). The heterogeneity of POI etiology has been revealed to be remarkable in the NGS era, and discoveries have indicated that meiosis and DNA repair play key roles in POI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Malheiros França
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Berenice Bilharinho Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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50
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Gong S, Wang X, Meng F, Cui L, Yi Q, Zhao Q, Cang X, Cai Z, Mo JQ, Liang Y, Guan MX. Overexpression of mitochondrial histidyl-tRNA synthetase restores mitochondrial dysfunction caused by a deafness-associated tRNAHis mutation. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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