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Bacela-Spychalska K, Wattier R, Teixeira M, Cordaux R, Quiles A, Grabowski M, Wroblewski P, Ovcharenko M, Grabner D, Weber D, Weigand AM, Rigaud T. Widespread infection, diversification and old host associations of Nosema Microsporidia in European freshwater gammarids (Amphipoda). PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011560. [PMID: 37603557 PMCID: PMC10470943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian genus Nosema is primarily known to infect insects of economic importance stimulating high research interest, while other hosts remain understudied. Nosema granulosis is one of the formally described Nosema species infecting amphipod crustaceans, being known to infect only two host species. Our first aim was to characterize Nosema spp. infections in different amphipod species from various European localities using the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU) marker. Second, we aimed to assess the phylogenetic diversity, host specificity and to explore the evolutionary history that may explain the diversity of gammarid-infecting Nosema lineages by performing a phylogenetic reconstruction based on RNA polymerase II subunit B1 (RPB1) gene sequences. For the host species Gammarus balcanicus, we also analyzed whether parasites were in excess in females to test for sex ratio distortion in relation with Nosema infection. We identified Nosema spp. in 316 individuals from nine amphipod species being widespread in Europe. The RPB1-based phylogenetic reconstruction using newly reported sequences and available data from other invertebrates identified 39 haplogroups being associated with amphipods. These haplogroups clustered into five clades (A-E) that did not form a single amphipod-infecting monophyletic group. Closely related sister clades C and D correspond to Nosema granulosis. Clades A, B and E might represent unknown Nosema species infecting amphipods. Host specificity seemed to be variable with some clades being restricted to single hosts, and some that could be found in several host species. We show that Nosema parasite richness in gammarid hosts is much higher than expected, illustrating the advantage of the use of RPB1 marker over SSU. Finally, we found no hint of sex ratio distortion in Nosema clade A infecting G. balcanicus. This study shows that Nosema spp. are abundant, widespread and diverse in European gammarids. Thus, Nosema is as diverse in aquatic as in terrestrial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bacela-Spychalska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Remi Wattier
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Maria Teixeira
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Richard Cordaux
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Adrien Quiles
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Michal Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Wroblewski
- Department of Ecology and Evolution of Parasitism, Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mykola Ovcharenko
- Department of Ecology and Evolution of Parasitism, Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Weber
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut Müncheberg, Germany
- Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Thierry Rigaud
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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2
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Alther R, Krähenbühl A, Bucher P, Altermatt F. Optimizing laboratory cultures of Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea: Amphipoda) as a study organism in environmental sciences and ecotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158730. [PMID: 36122725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphipods are among the most abundant macroinvertebrates in freshwater ecosystems of the Palaearctic and crucial for ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, their high sensitivity to environmental change and pollutants makes them widely used model organisms in environmental sciences and ecotoxicology. In field studies and surveys across Eurasia, species of the genus Gammarus are commonly used, yet laboratory-based studies and ecotoxicological tests are often restricted to the in most parts of the world non-native Hyalella azteca, as Gammarus is much harder to breed and maintain under laboratory conditions. However, for direct comparisons and extrapolations of results of field- vs. laboratory-based studies, the use of the same species would be desirable. Here, we investigated different settings with respect to feeding, shelter and day length to successfully increase survival, juvenile production and their respective growth and survival, and ultimately multi-generation breeding of the amphipod Gammarus fossarum. Amphipod populations persisted and reproduced successfully under optimized husbandry conditions for 12 months and were partially maintained for another year in populations up to a few hundred individuals. Specifically, supplementing diet with protein-rich food sources as well as the provisioning of shelters improved survival rate of G. fossarum significantly. However, we found no significant effect of different day length treatments on the overall relative reproductive activity or on the total amphipod abundance maintained. We conclude that G. fossarum can be kept and reared under standardized conditions. Despite the longer generation times of G. fossarum and higher effort required for maintenance compared to H. azteca, direct ecological relevance and comparability of results to natural systems may justify its future use and development as a study organism for environmental sciences and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Alther
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlan dstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrin Krähenbühl
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlan dstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Bucher
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlan dstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlan dstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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3
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Özbek M, Aksu İ, Baytaşoğlu H. A new freshwater amphipod (Amphipoda, Gammaridae), Gammarus tumaf sp. nov. from the Gökgöl Cave, Türkiye. ZOOSYST EVOL 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.99.89957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new amphipod species belonging to the genus Gammarus is described from the Gökgöl Cave, Zonguldak Province, Türkiye. The newly-identified species is relatively small (13 mm) and is a member of the Gammarus pulex-group by the presence of numerous long setae along the posterior margins of pereopods 3 and 4. The specimens were sampled from a shallow pond located in the dark zone (about 1 km inside the entrance) of the cave. Minute eyes, setose (both peduncle and flagellar segments) second antenna, slightly swollen flagellar segments of the second antenna, setose pereopods 3 and 4 and relatively short endopod/exopod ratio of the third uropod are the character combination of the newly-identified species in addition to lacking body pigmentation. The molecular phylogeny, based on the concatenated dataset (28S+COI, 1495 bp) indicated that the new species was resolved from the other Gammarus species by high bootstrap (NJ: 100, ML: 100). In addition to Gammarus tumafsp. nov., mtDNA COI and nuclear DNA 28S gene data of Gammarus baysaliÖzbek et al., 2013 were recorded for the first time. The newly-identified species was well-differentiated from the genetically closest species, G. baysali, with genetic distance of 12.22% and 0.55% for the COI and 28S genes, respectively. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the extremities of the holotype male were given and the morphology of the newly-identified species is compared with its relatives.
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4
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Burns MP, Schaeffer PJ, Berg DJ. Metabolic rate and osmoregulation in desert spring amphipods. CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Desert springs contain many endemic taxa and are of conservation concern due to anthropogenic activities that are expected to increase environmental salinity. Understanding the nature of osmoregulation is necessary to predict how non-vagile aquatic organisms will respond to changes. In the Chihuahuan Desert, the amphipod genus Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 is composed of two lineages. These lineages have species that currently inhabit springs ranging from 0.4 to 7.8 parts per thousand (ppt). All Gammarus in this region are of conservation concern because each is endemic to a single spring system. We exposed individuals of Gammarus colei Walters, Cannizzaro, and Berg in Walters, Cannizzaro, Trujillo and Berg, 2020 and Gammarus seideli Cannizzaro, Walters and Berg, 2018 species occupying low-salinity springs, to the range of salinities found in the Chihuahuan Desert. We measured metabolic rates as [Formula: see text] to examine the energetic cost of osmoregulation. We also measured the hemolymph osmolality of G. colei and compared that with the isosmotic line to determine the degree of osmoregulation. Neither species increased its metabolic rate across increasing salinities. However, G. colei showed an increase in hemolymph osmolality. Despite the divergence (∼66 million years ago) between the two lineages, it appears their physiological tolerances have converged, suggesting that both lineages may be able to persist when exposed to moderate salinity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David J. Berg
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH 45011, USA
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5
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Saha A, Chakraborty S, Ravikanth G, Praveen Karanth K, Aravind NA. Endemicity and radiation in waterfalls of the Western Ghats: The genus Cremnoconchus (Gastropoda: Littorinidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 174:107547. [PMID: 35690379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Snails of the genus Cremnoconchus - the only freshwater members of the gastropod family Littorinidae - are endemic to the spray zones of numerous waterfalls in the Western Ghats of India. Cremnoconchus consists of nine described and possibly numerous undescribed species as many of these appear to be restricted to specific waterfalls. This is the first attempt at resolving the relationships between the various species in this genus and establishing its monophyly in the family. Further, we also undertake species delimitation analysis to characterize cryptic diversity in this group. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes support the monophyly of Cremnoconchus within the family. A fossil-calibrated Bayesian time tree suggests that this freshwater lineage diverged from its marine counterparts around 90.40 million years ago. The separation of Cremnoconchus from its marine ancestors might have been facilitated by the break-up of Gondwana or fluctuating sea levels during this period. Species delimitation analysis retrieved 12 potentially undescribed species in this group. These species formed two distinct clades in the phylogeny, one largely confined to the northern Western Ghats and the other to the central Western Ghats. Species belonging to the northern and central Western Ghats seem to have separated around 56.11 mya, i.e. after the northern Western Ghats were formed. Additionally, spatial isolation due to the patchiness of suitable habitats (waterfalls) and low mobility might have facilitated their diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Saha
- SMS Foundation Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, India; Institute of Paleobiology, Polska Akademia Nauk, Twarda 51/55, Warszawa 00-818, Poland
| | - Sudeshna Chakraborty
- SMS Foundation Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - G Ravikanth
- SMS Foundation Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - K Praveen Karanth
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Malleshwaram, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - N A Aravind
- SMS Foundation Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, India; Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, India.
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6
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Shintani A, Lee CW, Tomikawa K. Two new species add to the diversity of Eoniphargus in subterranean waters of Japan, with molecular phylogeny of the family Mesogammaridae (Crustacea, Amphipoda). SUBTERRANEAN BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.44.86914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphipod crustaceans are a major group of invertebrates that predominantly occur in groundwater ecosystems. Eoniphargus is a mesogammarid genus with only two known species from the groundwater systems of the Japanese archipelago and Korean Peninsula. However, there is a dearth of taxonomic studies on this genus, and the species diversity within Eoniphargus is unclear. Here, we describe two new species, E. iwataorumsp. nov. and E. toriiisp. nov., collected from the interstitial waters in Tochigi and Shizuoka Prefectures in the Japanese archipelago. These two new species are distinguished from their congeners by the following features: head, urosomite 3, first and second antennae, mandibles, and maxilla 1. Eoniphargus kojimai is redescribed here based on material collected near the type locality. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes revealed that E. kojimai is sister to E. iwataorumsp. nov. In this study, we also briefly discuss the phylogenetic relationships of Mesogammaridae based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses.
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7
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Jardim de Queiroz L, Doenz CJ, Altermatt F, Alther R, Borko Š, Brodersen J, Gossner MM, Graham C, Matthews B, McFadden IR, Pellissier L, Schmitt T, Selz OM, Villalba S, Rüber L, Zimmermann NE, Seehausen O. Climate, immigration and speciation shape terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity in the European Alps. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221020. [PMID: 35946161 PMCID: PMC9363983 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary climate fluctuations can affect speciation in regional biodiversity assembly in two non-mutually exclusive ways: a glacial species pump, where isolation in glacial refugia accelerates allopatric speciation, and adaptive radiation in underused adaptive zones during ice-free periods. We detected biogeographic and genetic signatures associated with both mechanisms in the assembly of the biota of the European Alps. Age distributions of endemic and widespread species within aquatic and terrestrial taxa (amphipods, fishes, amphibians, butterflies and flowering plants) revealed that endemic fish evolved only in lakes, are highly sympatric, and mainly of Holocene age, consistent with adaptive radiation. Endemic amphipods are ancient, suggesting preglacial radiation with limited range expansion and local Pleistocene survival, perhaps facilitated by a groundwater-dwelling lifestyle. Terrestrial endemics are mostly of Pleistocene age and are thus more consistent with the glacial species pump. The lack of evidence for Holocene adaptive radiation in the terrestrial biome is consistent with faster recolonization through range expansion of these taxa after glacial retreats. More stable and less seasonal ecological conditions in lakes during the Holocene may also have contributed to Holocene speciation in lakes. The high proportion of young, endemic species makes the Alpine biota vulnerable to climate change, but the mechanisms and consequences of species loss will likely differ between biomes because of their distinct evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Jardim de Queiroz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmela J Doenz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Alther
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Špela Borko
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian R McFadden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oliver M Selz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Soraya Villalba
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Rüber
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum/8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Hou Z, Jin P, Liu H, Qiao H, Sket B, Cannizzaro AG, Berg DJ, Li S. Past climate cooling promoted global dispersal of amphipods from Tian Shan montane lakes to circumboreal lakes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3830-3845. [PMID: 35263496 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes have substantial impacts on the geographic distribution of montane lakes and evolutionary dynamics of cold-adapted species. Past climate cooling is hypothesized to have promoted the dispersal of cold-adapted species via montane lakes, while future climate warming is thought to constrain their distributions. We test this hypothesis by using phylogeographic analysis and niche modeling of the Holarctic crustacean Gammarus lacustris with global sampling comprised of 567 sequenced individuals and 3180 occurrence records. We found that the species arose in Tian Shan in Central Asia and dispersed into montane lakes along the Alps, Himalayas, Tibet, East Asia, and the North American Rocky Mountain ranges, with accelerated diversification rates outside Tian Shan. Climatically suitable regions for geographic lineages of G. lacustris were larger during cooling periods (LGM), but smaller during warming periods (Mid-Holocene). In the future (2070) scenario, potential distributions in the Himalayas, North Tibet, South Tibet and North America are predicted to expand, whereas ranges in East Asia, Europe and Tian Shan will decline. Our results suggest that Mid-Miocene-to-Pleistocene continuous cooling promoted multiple independent dispersal events out of Tian Shan due to increased availability of montane lakes via "budding" of lineages. Montane lakes are conduits through which cold-adapted amphipods globally dispersed, dominating circumboreal lakes. However, future climate warming is likely to force organisms to shift upward in altitude and northward in latitude, leading to a future change in local populations. These findings highlight the importance of conservation of montane lakes, especially in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boris Sket
- Oddelek za biologijo, Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - David J Berg
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Davis KE, De Grave S, Delmer C, Payne ARD, Mitchell S, Wills MA. Ecological Transitions and the Shape of the Decapod Tree of Life. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:332-344. [PMID: 35612997 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that shaped the distribution of species richness across the Tree of Life is a central macroevolutionary research agenda. Major ecological innovations, including transitions between habitats, may help to explain the striking asymmetries of diversity that are often observed between sister clades. Here, we test the impact of such transitions on speciation rates across decapod crustaceans, modelling diversification dynamics within a phylogenetic framework. Our results show that, while terrestrial lineages have higher speciation rates than either marine or freshwater lineages, there is no difference between mean speciation rates in marine and freshwater lineages across Decapoda. Partitioning our data by infraorder reveals that those clades with habitat heterogeneity have higher speciation rates in freshwater and terrestrial lineages, with freshwater rates up to 1.5 times faster than marine rates, and terrestrial rates approximately four times faster. This averaging out of marine and freshwater speciation rates results from the varying contributions of different clades to average speciation rates. However, with the exception of Caridea, we find no evidence for any causal relationship between habitat and speciation rate. Our results demonstrate that while statistical generalisations about ecological traits and evolutionary rates are valuable, there are many exceptions. Hence, while freshwater and terrestrial lineages typically speciate faster than their marine relatives, there are many atypically slow freshwater lineages and fast marine lineages across Decapoda. Future work on diversification patterns will benefit from the inclusion of fossil data, as well as additional ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Davis
- University of York, Department of Biology York, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sammy De Grave
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Cyrille Delmer
- University of Bath, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, UK
| | - Alexander R D Payne
- University of York, Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, York, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Steve Mitchell
- University of Bath, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, UK
| | - Matthew A Wills
- University of Bath, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, UK
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10
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Ye Z, Yuan J, Damgaard J, Berchi GM, Cianferoni F, Pintar MR, Olosutean H, Zhu X, Jiang K, Yang X, Fu S, Bu W. Climate Warming Since the Holocene Accelerates West-East Communication for the Eurasian Temperate Water Strider Species Aquarius paludum. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6575397. [PMID: 35482393 PMCID: PMC9087890 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Holocene climate warming has dramatically altered biological diversity and distributions. Recent human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases will exacerbate global warming and thus induce threats to cold-adapted taxa. However, the impacts of this major climate change on transcontinental temperate species are still poorly understood. Here, we generated extensive genomic datasets for a water strider, Aquarius paludum, which was sampled across its entire distribution in Eurasia and used these datasets in combination with ecological niche modeling (ENM) to elucidate the influence of the Holocene and future climate warming on its population structure and demographic history. We found that A. paludum consisted of two phylogeographic lineages that diverged in the middle Pleistocene, which resulted in a “west–east component” genetic pattern that was probably triggered by Central Asia-Mongoxin aridification and Pleistocene glaciations. The diverged western and eastern lineages had a second contact in the Holocene, which shaped a temporary hybrid zone located at the boundary of the arid–semiarid regions of China. Future predictions detected a potentially novel northern corridor to connect the western and eastern populations, indicating west–east gene flow would possibly continue to intensify under future warming climate conditions. Further integrating phylogeographic and ENM analyses of multiple Eurasian temperate taxa based on published studies reinforced our findings on the “west–east component” genetic pattern and the predicted future northern corridor for A. paludum. Our study provided a detailed paradigm from a phylogeographic perspective of how transcontinental temperate species differ from cold-adapted taxa in their response to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juanjuan Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, 1 Beian Road, Shandong 277000, China
| | - Jakob Damgaard
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gavril Marius Berchi
- Department of Taxonomy & Ecology, Faculty of Biology & Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timișoara, 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Fabio Cianferoni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Zoology, "La Specola", Natural History Museum, University of Florence, Via Romana 17, I-50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Matthew R Pintar
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Horea Olosutean
- Applied Ecology Research Center, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 5-7 Ion Ratiu Street, 550012 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Xiuxiu Zhu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Sports, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, 66 Waliu Road, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Siying Fu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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11
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Zhang K, Wang J, Ge Y, Ma J, Zhou Q. A new Gammarus species from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (China) with a key to Xinjiang freshwater gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae). Zookeys 2022; 1090:129-147. [PMID: 35586839 PMCID: PMC8975802 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1090.78834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the genus Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 is described and illustrated from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Gammaruszhouqiongisp. nov. is characterized by pereopods III–IV with long straight setae on posterior margins; inner ramus of uropod III more than twice as long as peduncle, reaching 0.7 times the length of outer ramus; inner ramus with plumose setae, and outer ramus with both plumose setae and long simple setae. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed. The K2P distances for each marker (CO1, 16S, 28S, and EF1α) of the new species differ from those of other Gammarus species in Xinjiang. Both phylogenetic trees based on separate (CO1, 16S, 28S, and EF1α) and combined (CO1+16S+28S+EF1α) markers show that the new species is an independent branch. A key to identify Gammarus species in Xinjiang is provided.
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12
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Cannizzaro AG, Berg DJ. Gone with Gondwana: amphipod diversification in freshwaters followed the breakup of the supercontinent. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 171:107464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Liu H, Tong Y, Zheng Y, Li S, Hou Z. Sea–land transition drove terrestrial amphipod diversification in East Asia, with a description of a new species. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sea–land transition caused by marine incursion and regression is hypothesized to be a major driving force in terrestrial biodiversity, providing opportunities for marine ancestors to colonize terrestrial habitats and driving vicariant speciation in distinct geographical regions. Here, we test this hypothesis in East Asia using amphipods of the Morinoia japonica complex. We constructed a dataset from 269 individuals covering all known ranges of this species complex. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses revealed that sea–land transition during the Miocene drove the coastal ancestor to invade terrestrial habitats in East Asia and subsequently split into eight biogeographic lineages in eastern China, Korea, Japan and some Pacific islands. Stepping-stone dispersal resulted in a relatively wide distribution of M. japonica, and long-term geographical isolation led to the diversification of the M. japonica complex. Species delimitation analysis suggests that this complex contains eight species. We describe the geographical group from eastern China as a new species, Morinoia aosen sp. nov., based on genetic and morphological comparisons with other geographical groups. Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Tong
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yami Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhonge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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14
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Taxonomic, ecological and morphological diversity of Ponto-Caspian gammaroidean amphipods: a review. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Cannizzaro AG, Daniels JD, Berg DJ. Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A new genus and species of crangonyctid amphipod, Sicifera cahawba gen. & sp. nov., is described from Dallas County, AL, USA, based on both morphological and molecular comparison with similar crangonyctids. These data, with the application of four species delimitation models, identify the taxon as distinct when compared with related species. Nearctic members of the crangonyctid genus Synurella form a separate, well-supported monophyletic lineage when compared with Palaearctic members, which differ considerably in both molecular and morphological markers. Nearctic members, with the exception of the enigmatic Synurella (Eosynurella) johanseni, are placed in the newly erected Sicifera. The separation of these two genera implies that Palaearctic and Nearctic crangonyctid lineages might not be as closely related as once thought, and their evolutionary and biogeographical history requires further review. In addition, a key to Nearctic members of the genera Eosynurella/Sicifera is presented to aid in future identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James D Daniels
- Department of Biology and Cell Biology, Huntingdon College, Montgomery, AL, Alabama, USA
| | - David J Berg
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH, Ohio, USA
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16
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Hu Y, Li S, Liu H, Kim ST, Kurenshchikov DK, Hou Z. Ancient volcanos as species pumps: A case study of freshwater amphipods in Northeast Asia. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:343-355. [PMID: 34657344 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Volcano-tectonic processes have been viewed as primary drivers in the formation of present-day diversity. Volcanos associated with mountain uplifts drive allopatric speciation through vicariance and may impact the surrounding areas like species pump or species attractor. However, the application of these hypotheses to aquatic fauna has rarely been tested explicitly. We tested these hypotheses in the Changbai Mountains (Mts), which are one of the most typical, active volcanic ranges in Northeast (NE) Asia with a long and turbulent geological history. The Gammarus nekkensis species complex of amphipod crustaceans, widely distributed throughout NE Asia with poor dispersal abilities and a long evolutionary history, is a suitable model for testing hypotheses of species pump or species attractor. Phylogenetic and ancestral range reconstructions demonstrated that the studied amphipod originated from the Changbai Mts ~27 Ma and diverged into eastern (Clade I) and western (Clade II) clades, which corresponds well with the initial volcanic eruption of the Changbai Mts in the Late Oligocene. The subsequent diversifications of subclades CI-3, CII-1a and CII-2a were probably driven by second and third eruptions of the Changbai Mts during the Miocene. In particular, the Changbai lineages had spread to the Russian Far East multiple times since the Early Miocene, and widely colonized the region during the Pleistocene. Our discoveries suggest that the ancient volcanos of the Changbai Mts act as species pumps in NE Asia, resulted in burst of diversification around the Changbai Mts and subsequent dispersals into adjacent regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Seung-Tae Kim
- Life and Environment Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dmitry K Kurenshchikov
- Laboratory of the Animal Ecology, Institute of Water and Ecology Problems, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - Zhonge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Mi X, Feng G, Hu Y, Zhang J, Chen L, Corlett RT, Hughes AC, Pimm S, Schmid B, Shi S, Svenning JC, Ma K. The global significance of biodiversity science in China: an overview. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab032. [PMID: 34694304 PMCID: PMC8310773 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity science in China has seen rapid growth over recent decades, ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the processes behind evolution across dynamic regions such as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We review research, including species catalogues; biodiversity monitoring; the origins, distributions, maintenance and threats to biodiversity; biodiversity-related ecosystem function and services; and species and ecosystems' responses to global change. Next, we identify priority topics and offer suggestions and priorities for future biodiversity research in China. These priorities include (i) the ecology and biogeography of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains, and that of subtropical and tropical forests across China; (ii) marine and inland aquatic biodiversity; and (iii) effective conservation and management to identify and maintain synergies between biodiversity and socio-economic development to fulfil China's vision for becoming an ecological civilization. In addition, we propose three future strategies: (i) translate advanced biodiversity science into practice for biodiversity conservation; (ii) strengthen capacity building and application of advanced technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, genomics and remote sensing; and (iii) strengthen and expand international collaborations. Based on the recent rapid progress of biodiversity research, China is well positioned to become a global leader in biodiversity research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
| | - Alice C Hughes
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
| | - Stuart Pimm
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Drozdova P, Kizenko A, Saranchina A, Gurkov A, Firulyova M, Govorukhina E, Timofeyev M. The diversity of opsins in Lake Baikal amphipods (Amphipoda: Gammaridae). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:81. [PMID: 33971810 PMCID: PMC8108468 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision is a crucial sense for the evolutionary success of many animal groups. Here we explore the diversity of visual pigments (opsins) in the transcriptomes of amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and conclude that it is restricted to middle (MWS) and long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsins in the overwhelming majority of examined species. RESULTS We evidenced (i) parallel loss of MWS opsin expression in multiple species (including two independently evolved lineages from the deep and ancient Lake Baikal) and (ii) LWS opsin amplification (up to five transcripts) in both Baikal lineages. The number of LWS opsins negatively correlated with habitat depth in Baikal amphipods. Some LWS opsins in Baikal amphipods contained MWS-like substitutions, suggesting that they might have undergone spectral tuning. CONCLUSIONS This repeating two-step evolutionary scenario suggests common triggers, possibly the lack of light during the periods when Baikal was permanently covered with thick ice and its subsequent melting. Overall, this observation demonstrates the possibility of revealing climate history by following the evolutionary changes in protein families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Drozdova
- Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Anton Gurkov
- Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maria Firulyova
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
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19
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Villastrigo A, Abellán P, Ribera I. Habitat preference and diversification rates in a speciose lineage of diving beetles. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 159:107087. [PMID: 33545273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-term geological stability of aquatic habitats has been demonstrated to be a determinant in the evolution of macroinvertebrate fauna, with species in running (lotic) waters having lower dispersal abilities, smaller ranges and higher gene flow between populations than species in standing (lentic) environments. Lotic species have been hypothesized to be more specialised, but the diversification dynamics of both habitat types have not been studied in detail. Using a speciose lineage of water beetles we test here whether diversification rates are related to the habitat preference of the species and its consequences on turnover, which we expect to be higher for lotic taxa. Moreover, we tested whether life in lotic environments is acting as an evolutionary dead-end as it is considered an ecological specialisation. We built a comprehensive molecular phylogeny with 473 terminals representing 421 of the 689 known species of the tribe Hydroporini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), using a combination of sequences from four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes plus 69 mitogenomes obtained with NGS. We found a general pattern of gradual acceleration of diversification rate with time, with 2-3 significant diversification shifts. However, habitat is not the main factor driving diversification in Hydroporini based on SecSSE analyses. The most recent common ancestor of Hydroporini was reconstructed as a lotic species, with multiple shifts to lentic environments. Most frequent transitions were estimated from lentic and lotic habitats to the category "both", followed by transitions from lotic to lentic and lentic to lotic respectively, although with very similar rates. Contrary to expectations, we found little evidence for differences in diversification dynamics between habitats, with lotic environments clearly not acting as evolutionary dead-ends in Hydroporini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Villastrigo
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Ignacio Ribera
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Walters AD, Cannizzaro AG, Trujillo DA, Berg DJ. Addressing the Linnean shortfall in a cryptic species complex. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate, but the rate of this loss is likely to be underestimated as a result of a deficit in taxonomic knowledge (i.e. the Linnean shortfall). This knowledge gap is more extensive for morphologically indistinct taxa. The advancement of molecular techniques and delimitation methods has facilitated the identification of such cryptic species, but a majority of these taxa remain undescribed. To investigate the effects of taxonomic uncertainty on understanding of biodiversity, we applied the general lineage concept of species to an amphipod species complex, the Gammaruslacustris lineage that occupies springs of the northern Chihuahuan Desert, which is emerging in contemporary times. We investigated species boundaries using a validation-based approach and examined genetic structure of the lineage using a suite of microsatellite markers to identify independently evolving metapopulations. Our results show that each spring contains a genetically distinct population that is geographically isolated from other springs, suggesting evolutionary independence and status as separate species. Additionally, we observed subtle interspecific morphological variation among the putative species. We used multiple lines of evidence to formally describe four new species (Gammarus langi sp. nov., G. percalacustris sp. nov., G. colei sp. nov. and G. malpaisensis sp. nov.) endemic to the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Cryptic speciation is likely to be high in other aquatic taxa within these ecosystems, and across arid landscapes throughout North America and elsewhere, suggesting that the magnitude of the Linnean shortfall is currently underestimated in desert springs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David J Berg
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH USA
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21
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Hupało K, Karaouzas I, Mamos T, Grabowski M. Molecular data suggest multiple origins and diversification times of freshwater gammarids on the Aegean archipelago. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19813. [PMID: 33188238 PMCID: PMC7666221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our main aim was to investigate the diversity, origin and biogeographical affiliations of freshwater gammarids inhabiting the Aegean Islands by analysing their mtDNA and nDNA polymorphism, thereby providing the first insight into the phylogeography of the Aegean freshwater gammarid fauna. The study material was collected from Samothraki, Lesbos, Skyros, Evia, Andros, Tinos and Serifos islands as well as from mainland Greece. The DNA extracted was used for amplification of two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and two nuclear markers (28S and EF1-alpha). The multimarker time-calibrated phylogeny supports multiple origins and different diversification times for the studied taxa. Three of the sampled insular populations most probably represent new, distinct species as supported by all the delimitation methods used in our study. Our results show that the evolution of freshwater taxa is associated with the geological history of the Aegean Basin. The biogeographic affiliations of the studied insular taxa indicate its continental origin, as well as the importance of the land fragmentation and the historical land connections of the islands. Based on the findings, we highlight the importance of studying insular freshwater biota to better understand diversification mechanisms in fresh waters as well as the origin of studied Aegean freshwater taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Hupało
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
- Aquatische Ökosystemforschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Av., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Successful post-glacial colonization of Europe by single lineage of freshwater amphipod from its Pannonian Plio-Pleistocene diversification hotspot. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18695. [PMID: 33122728 PMCID: PMC7596225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gammarus roeselii Gervais, 1835 is a morphospecies with a wide distribution range in Europe. The Balkan Peninsula is known as an area of pre-Pleistocene cryptic diversification within this taxon, resulting in at least 13 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs). The morphospecies diversified there during Neogene and has probably invaded other parts of the continent very recently, in postglacial or even historical times. Thus, the detailed goals of our study were to (1) identify which lineage(s) colonized Central-Western Europe (CWE), (2) determine their possible geographical origin, (3) verify, whether the colonisation was associated with demographic changes. In total, 663 individuals were sequenced for the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding fragment and 137 individuals for the internal transcribed spacer II (ITS2). We identified two MOTUs in the study area with contrasting Barcode Index Number and haplotype diversities. The Pannonian Basin (PB) appeared to be a potential ice age refugium for the species, while CWE was colonised by a single lineage (also present in PB), displaying low genetic diversity. Our results suggest that G. roeselii is a relatively recent coloniser in CWE, starting demographic expansion around 10 kya.
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23
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Wattier R, Mamos T, Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Jelić M, Ollivier A, Chaumot A, Danger M, Felten V, Piscart C, Žganec K, Rewicz T, Wysocka A, Rigaud T, Grabowski M. Continental-scale patterns of hyper-cryptic diversity within the freshwater model taxon Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16536. [PMID: 33024224 PMCID: PMC7538970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional morphological diagnoses of taxonomic status remain widely used while an increasing number of studies show that one morphospecies might hide cryptic diversity, i.e. lineages with unexpectedly high molecular divergence. This hidden diversity can reach even tens of lineages, i.e. hyper cryptic diversity. Even well-studied model-organisms may exhibit overlooked cryptic diversity. Such is the case of the freshwater crustacean amphipod model taxon Gammarus fossarum. It is extensively used in both applied and basic types of research, including biodiversity assessments, ecotoxicology and evolutionary ecology. Based on COI barcodes of 4926 individuals from 498 sampling sites in 19 European countries, the present paper shows (1) hyper cryptic diversity, ranging from 84 to 152 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units, (2) ancient diversification starting already 26 Mya in the Oligocene, and (3) high level of lineage syntopy. Even if hyper cryptic diversity was already documented in G. fossarum, the present study increases its extent fourfold, providing a first continental-scale insight into its geographical distribution and establishes several diversification hotspots, notably south-eastern and central Europe. The challenges of recording hyper cryptic diversity in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Wattier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mišel Jelić
- Department of Natural Sciences, Varaždin City Museum, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Anthony Ollivier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, INRAE, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michael Danger
- UMR CNRS 73602 LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- UMR CNRS 73602 LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | | | - Krešimir Žganec
- Department of Teacher Education Studies in Gospić, University of Zadar, Gospić, Croatia
| | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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24
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Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Borko Š, Fišer C. The late blooming amphipods: Global change promoted post-Jurassic ecological radiation despite Palaeozoic origin. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 143:106664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Ye Z, Damgaard J, Yang H, Hebsgaard MB, Weir T, Bu W. Phylogeny and diversification of the true water bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha). Cladistics 2020; 36:72-87. [PMID: 34618947 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate fluctuations and tectonic reconfigurations associated with environmental changes play large roles in determining patterns of adaptation and diversification, but studies documenting how such drivers have shaped the evolutionary history and diversification dynamics of limnic organisms during the Mesozoic are scarce. Members of the heteropteran infraorder Nepomorpha, or aquatic bugs, are ideal for testing the effects of these determinants on their diversification pulses because most species are confined to aquatic environments during their entire life. The group has a relatively mature taxonomy and is well represented in the fossil record. We investigated the evolution of Nepomorpha based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular characters sampled from 115 taxa representing all 13 families and approximately 40% of recognized genera. Our results were largely congruent with the phylogenetic relationships inferred from morphology. A divergence dating analysis indicated that Nepomorpha began to diversify in the late Permian (approximately 263 Ma), and diversification analyses suggested that palaeoecological opportunities probably promoted lineage diversification in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jakob Damgaard
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, Kobenhavn, 2100 Ø, Denmark
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, 264025, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Martin B Hebsgaard
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, Kobenhavn, 2100 Ø, Denmark
| | - Tom Weir
- CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Drozdova P, Madyarova E, Dimova M, Gurkov A, Vereshchagina K, Adelshin R, Timofeyev M. The diversity of microsporidian parasites infecting the Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris from the Baikal region is dominated by the genus Dictyocoela. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 170:107330. [PMID: 31978415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a highly diverse group of single-celled eukaryotic parasites related to fungi and infecting hosts belonging to all groups of eukaryotes, including some protists, invertebrate and vertebrate animals. We investigated the diversity of microsporidia in the Holarctic amphipod species Gammarus lacustris from mostly, but not limited to, water bodies in the Lake Baikal region. Ribosomal DNA sequencing and host transcriptome sequencing data from various works show that this species is predominantly infected by representatives of the genus Dictyocoela and probably has some features underlying this specific interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Drozdova
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Madyarova
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Lenin str. 21, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Mariya Dimova
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Anton Gurkov
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Lenin str. 21, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya Vereshchagina
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Lenin str. 21, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Renat Adelshin
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East, Trilissera str. 78, 664047 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; Baikal Research Centre, Lenin str. 21, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia.
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Li Y, Li S, Liu H, Kurenshchikov DK, Hou Z. Eocene–Oligocene sea‐level fall drove amphipod habitat shift from marine to freshwater in the Far East. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dmitry K. Kurenshchikov
- Laboratory of the Animal Ecology Institute of Water and Ecology Problems Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Khabarovsk Russia
| | - Zhonge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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28
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Morales AE, Ruedi M, Field K, Carstens BC. Diversification rates have no effect on the convergent evolution of foraging strategies in the most speciose genus of bats,
Myotis
*. Evolution 2019; 73:2263-2280. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna E. Morales
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210
- Department of Mammalogy and Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York New York 10024
| | - Manuel Ruedi
- Department of Mammalogy and Ornithology Natural History Museum of Geneva Geneva 1208 Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Field
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Bryan C. Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210
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ČerŇanský A, Syromyatnikova EV, Kovalenko ES, Podurets KM, Kaloyan AA. The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1901-1934. [PMID: 31595688 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The early middle Miocene (MN 5) lizards from the East Siberian Tagay locality (Baikal Lake, Russia) in Asia are described here. The lizard fauna consists of two clades, Lacertidae and Scincidae. The skink material is allocated to Chalcides. While this taxon was previously reported from Europe, it has rarely been observed in the Neogene record with only jaw fragments and frontal bones described. Its taxonomy was therefore enigmatic. The Tagay material is almost identical to the European fossils of Chalcides from Austria and Hungary, but it also contains the parietal bone. While the material is also similar to the extant Ch. ocellatus, it exhibits several morphological differences. A new species is therefore erected-Chalcides augei sp. nov. These findings further support the connection of the Baikal Lake area with central Europe during the first half of the Miocene. The comparative anatomy of the frontals, parietals and lower jaws was evaluated by micro-CT in selected skink taxa. This comparison highlights several important differences, for example, paired frontals are present in Broadleysaurus (an outgroup taxon), in Acontias and all studied members of Scincidae herein. The character optimization in Mesquite supports fused frontals as being the condition at the basal node of the Ateuchosauridae + Sphenomorphidae + Eugongylidae + Lygosomidae + Egerniidae + Mabuyidae clade. While the parapineal foramen is restricted to the parietal in most taxa studied herein, it is absent (or vestigial) in Acontias and Feylinia. In contrast to all other skinks, this foramen is located on the frontal in Ateuchosaurus chinensis. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1901-1934, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej ČerŇanský
- Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena V Syromyatnikova
- Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Mäder G, Freitas LB. Biogeographical, ecological, and phylogenetic analyses clarifying the evolutionary history of Calibrachoa in South American grasslands. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 141:106614. [PMID: 31518694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calibrachoa is a charismatic South American genus of Solanaceae, closely related to Petunia, which encompasses approximately 30 species. Studies that were based solely on plastid molecular markers indicated the monophyly of the genus and distributed its species in two subgenera; to date no phylogeny has included a broad morphological variants and nuclear markers. Here, we present a phylogenetic analysis based on eight plastid and eight nuclear markers that cover the most extensive geographic distribution for the genus. We use this phylogeny to infer the biogeographic history of the genus and to understand the primary drivers for species diversification. Our results yield a fully supported tree where monophyly is confirmed to genus and subgenera. The species of Stimomphis subgenus that were previously considered uncertain, here emerge in four highly supported clades. The hypothesis of niche conservatism is confirmed, and adaptive radiation explains the species diversification. The lowlands are the most likely ancestral area of the genus, subgenera, and two clades of Stimomphis subgenus. Our results constitute an excellent starting point for further evolutionary and taxonomic studies and explain several uncertain evolutionary relationships in the group and the evolution of their distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Mäder
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Loreta B Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
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Čerňanský A. The first potential fossil record of a dibamid reptile (Squamata: Dibamidae): a new taxon from the early Oligocene of Central Mongolia. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dibamid reptiles have a known current distribution on two continents (Asia and North America). Although this clade represents an early-diverging group in the Squamata and thus should have a long evolutionary history, no fossil record of these peculiar burrowing squamate reptiles has been documented so far. The fossil material described here comes from the early Oligocene of the Valley of Lakes in Central Mongolia. This material consists of jaws and is placed in the clade Dibamidae on the basis of its morphology, which is further confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. In spite of the fragmentary nature of this material, it thus forms the first, but putative, fossil evidence of this clade. If correctly interpreted, this material demonstrates the occurrence of Dibamidae in East Asia in the Palaeogene, indicating its distribution in higher latitudes than today. The preserved elements possess a unique combination of character states, and a new taxon name is therefore erected: Hoeckosaurus mongoliensis sp. nov. The dentary of Hoeckosaurus exhibits some characters of the two extant dibamid taxa. However, the open Meckel’s groove, together with other characters, show that this group was morphologically much more diverse in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Čerňanský
- Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zheng Y, Hou Z, Li S. Sarothrogammarusyiiruae, a new species of Amphipoda (Gammaridae) from China. Zookeys 2019; 861:15-28. [PMID: 31333321 PMCID: PMC6629710 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.861.35538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A relic amphipod of the Tethys, Sarothrogammarusyiiruae sp. nov., is described from Xinjiang, China. The new species is characterized by the absence of eyes; having the palm of the propodus without a mid-palmar spine on gnathopods I-II; a weakly concave coxal plate IV; narrow bases of pereopods V-VII; a peduncle of uropod I without a basofacial spine; uropod III longer than uropods I-II, a scale-like inner ramus, and a biarticulate outer ramus with distinct second article. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed. Genetic distances of the new and related species are provided as proof of species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yami Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhonge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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33
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Gurkov A, Rivarola-Duarte L, Bedulina D, Fernández Casas I, Michael H, Drozdova P, Nazarova A, Govorukhina E, Timofeyev M, Stadler PF, Luckenbach T. Indication of ongoing amphipod speciation in Lake Baikal by genetic structures within endemic species. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:138. [PMID: 31286865 PMCID: PMC6613252 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ancient Lake Baikal is characterized by an outstanding diversity of endemic faunas with more than 350 amphipod species and subspecies. We determined the genetic diversity within the endemic littoral amphipod species Eulimnogammarus verrucosus, E. cyaneus and E. vittatus and investigated whether within those species genetically separate populations occur across Lake Baikal. Gammarus lacustris from water bodies in the Baikal area was examined for comparison. Results Genetic diversities within a species were determined based on fragments of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and for E. verrucosus additionally of 18S rDNA. Highly location-specific haplogroups of E. verrucosus and E. vittatus were found at the southern and western shores of Baikal that are separated by the Angara River outflow; E. verrucosus from the eastern shore formed a further, clearly distinct haplotype cluster possibly confined by the Selenga River and Angarskiy Sor deltas. The genetic diversities within these haplogroups were lower than between the different haplogroups. Intraspecific genetic diversities within E. verrucosus and E. vittatus with 13 and 10%, respectively, were similar to interspecies differences indicating the occurrence of cryptic, morphologically highly similar species; for E. verrucosus this was confirmed with 18S rDNA. The haplotypes of E. cyaneus and G. lacustris specimens were with intraspecific genetic distances of 3 and 2%, respectively, more homogeneous indicating no or only recent disruption of gene flow of E. cyaneus across Baikal and recent colonization of water bodies around Baikal by G. lacustris. Conclusions Our finding of separation of subgroups of Baikal endemic amphipods to different degrees points to a species-specific ability of dispersal across areas with adverse conditions and to potential geographical dispersal barriers in Lake Baikal. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1470-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gurkov
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx st. 1, 664003, Irkutsk, Russia.,Baikal Research Centre, Lenin st. 21, Irkutsk, 664003, Russia
| | - Lorena Rivarola-Duarte
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daria Bedulina
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx st. 1, 664003, Irkutsk, Russia.,Baikal Research Centre, Lenin st. 21, Irkutsk, 664003, Russia
| | - Irene Fernández Casas
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik Michael
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Polina Drozdova
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx st. 1, 664003, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Anna Nazarova
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx st. 1, 664003, Irkutsk, Russia
| | | | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx st. 1, 664003, Irkutsk, Russia.,Baikal Research Centre, Lenin st. 21, Irkutsk, 664003, Russia
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Luckenbach
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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34
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Jin S, Bian C, Jiang S, Sun S, Xu L, Xiong Y, Qiao H, Zhang W, You X, Li J, Gong Y, Ma B, Shi Q, Fu H. Identification of Candidate Genes for the Plateau Adaptation of a Tibetan Amphipod, Gammarus lacustris, Through Integration of Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing. Front Genet 2019; 10:53. [PMID: 30804987 PMCID: PMC6378286 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The amphipod Gammarus lacustris has been distributing in the Tibetan region with well-known uplifts of the Tibetan plateau. It is hence considered as a good model for investigating stress adaptations of the plateau. Here, we sequenced the whole-genome and full-length transcriptome of G. lacustris, and compared the transcriptome results with its counterpart Gammarus pisinnus from a nearby plain. Our main goal was to provide a genomic resource for investigation of genetic mechanisms, by which G. lacustris adapted to living on the plateau. The final draft genome assembly of G. lacustris was 5.07 gigabases (Gb), and it contained 443,304 scaffolds (>2 kb) with an N50 of 2,578 bp. A total of 8,858 unigenes were predicted in the full-length transcriptome of G. lacustris, with an average gene length of 1,811 bp. Compared with the G. pisinnus transcriptome, 2,672 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 2,881 DEGs were down-regulated in the G. lacustris transcriptome. Along with these critical DEGs, several enriched metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome, cell energy homeostasis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, were predicted to play essential roles in the plateau adaptation. In summary, the present study provides a genomic basis for understanding the plateau adaption of G. lacustris, which lays a fundamental basis for further biological and ecological studies on other resident aquatic species in the Tibetan plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Bian
- BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinxin You
- BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Li
- BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Haebin, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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Ma X, Petrusek A, Wolinska J, Hu W, Yin M. Lineage diversity and reproductive modes of the Daphnia pulex group in Chinese lakes and reservoirs. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 130:424-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Hupało K, Teixeira MAL, Rewicz T, Sezgin M, Iannilli V, Karaman GS, Grabowski M, Costa FO. Persistence of phylogeographic footprints helps to understand cryptic diversity detected in two marine amphipods widespread in the Mediterranean basin. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 132:53-66. [PMID: 30476552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphipods of the genus Gammarus are a vital component of macrozoobenthic communities in European inland and coastal, marine and brackish waters of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Exceptional levels of cryptic diversity have been revealed for several widespread freshwater Gammarus species in Europe. No comprehensive assessment has yet been made for brackishwater counterparts, such as Gammarus aequicauda and G. insensibilis, which are among the most widely dispersed members of the so-called "G. locusta group" in the Mediterranean and in the Black Sea. Here we probe the diversity of these morphospecies examining the partitioning of mtDNA and nDNA across multiple populations along their distribution range and discuss it within the regional paleogeographic framework. We gathered molecular data from a collection of 166 individuals of G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis from 47 locations along their distribution range in the Mediterranean including the Black Sea. They were amplified for both mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA as well as the nuclear 28S rRNA. All five MOTU delimitation methods (ABGD, BIN, bPTP, GMYC single and multiple threshold models) applied revealed deep divergence between Black Sea and Mediterranean populations in both G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis. There were eight distinct MOTUs delimited for G. aequicauda (6-18% K2P) and 4 MOTUs for G. insensibilis (4-14% K2P). No sympatric MOTUs were detected throughout their distribution range. Multimarker time-calibrated phylogeny indicated that divergence of both G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis species complexes started already in the late Oligocene/early Miocene with the split between clades inhabiting eastern and western part of the Mediterranean occurring in both species at the similar time. Our results indicate a high cryptic diversity within Mediterranean brackishwater Gammarus, similar to that observed for freshwater counterparts. Moreover, the phylogenetic history combined with the current geographic distribution indicate that the evolution of both studied Gammarus morphogroups has been strongly connected with the geological events in the Mediterranean Basin and it reflect the turbulent history of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hupało
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - M A L Teixeira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Portugal
| | - T Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - M Sezgin
- Sinop University Fisheries Faculty, Marine Biology and Ecology Department, Sinop, Turkey
| | - V Iannilli
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - G S Karaman
- Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, Riste Stijovica Podgorica Črna Gora, Montenegro
| | - M Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - F O Costa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Portugal
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37
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Østbye K, Østbye E, Lien AM, Lee LR, Lauritzen SE, Carlini DB. Morphology and life history divergence in cave and surface populations of Gammarus lacustris (L.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205556. [PMID: 30359400 PMCID: PMC6201897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cave animals provide a unique opportunity to study contrasts in phenotype and life history in strikingly different environments when compared to surface populations, potentially related to natural selection. As such, we compared a permanent cave-living Gammarus lacustris (L.) population with two lake-resident surface populations analyzing morphology (eye- and antennal characters) and life-history (size at maturity, fecundity and egg-size). A part of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene in the mitochondrion (COI) was analyzed to contrast genetic relationship of populations and was compared to sequences in GenBank to assess phylogeography and colonization scenarios. In the cave, a longer life cycle was implied, while surface populations seemed to have a shorter life cycle. Egg size, and size at maturity for both sexes, were larger in the cave than in surface populations, while fecundity was lower in the cave than in surface populations. The cave population had longer first- and second antennae with more articles, longer first- and second peduncles, and fewer ommatidia than surface populations. The cold low-productive cave environment may facilitate different phenotypic and life-history traits than in the warmer and more productive surface lake environments. The trait divergences among cave and surface populations resembles other cave-surface organism comparisons and may support a hypothesis of selection on sensory traits. The cave and Lake Ulvenvann populations grouped together with a sequence from Slovenia (comprising one genetic cluster), while Lake Lille Lauarvann grouped with a sequence from Ukraine (comprising another cluster), which are already recognized phylogenetic clusters. One evolutionary scenario is that the cave and surface populations were colonized postglacially around 9 000–10 000 years ago. We evaluate that an alternative scenario is that the cave was colonized during an interstadial during the last glaciation or earlier during the warm period before onset of the last glaciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjartan Østbye
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Campus Evenstad, Koppang, Norway
- Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Eivind Østbye
- Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Laura R. Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | | | - David B. Carlini
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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Rudolph K, Coleman CO, Mamos T, Grabowski M. Description and post-glacial demography of Gammarus jazdzewskii sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Central Europe. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1470118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Oliver Coleman
- Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasβe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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39
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Boedeker C, Leliaert F, Timoshkin OA, Vishnyakov VS, Díaz-Martínez S, Zuccarello GC. The endemic Cladophorales (Ulvophyceae) of ancient Lake Baikal represent a monophyletic group of very closely related but morphologically diverse species. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:616-629. [PMID: 30076711 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lake Baikal, the oldest lake in the world, is home to spectacular biodiversity and extraordinary levels of endemism. While many of the animal species flocks from Lake Baikal are famous examples of evolutionary radiations, the lake also includes a wide diversity of endemic algae that are not well investigated with regards to molecular-biological taxonomy and phylogeny. The endemic taxa of the green algal order Cladophorales show a range of divergent morphologies that led to their classification in four genera in two families. We sequenced partial large- and small-subunit rDNA as well as the internal transcribed spacer region of 14 of the 16 described endemic taxa to clarify their phylogenetic relationships. One endemic morphospecies, Cladophora kusnetzowii, was shown to be conspecific with the widespread Aegagropila linnaei. All other endemic morphospecies formed a monophyletic group nested within the genus Rhizoclonium (Cladophoraceae), a very surprising result, in stark contrast to their morphological affinities. The Baikal clade represents a species flock of closely related taxa with very low genetic differentiation. Some of the morphospecies were congruent with lineages recovered in the phylogenies, but due to the low phylogenetic signal in the rDNA sequences the relationships within the Baikal clade were not all well resolved. The Baikal clade appears to represent a recent radiation, based on the low molecular divergence within the group, and it is hypothesized that the large morphological variation results from diversification in sympatry from a common ancestor in Lake Baikal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boedeker
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Frederik Leliaert
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
- Phycology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Oleg A Timoshkin
- Limnological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya 3, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Vasily S Vishnyakov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Sergio Díaz-Martínez
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe C Zuccarello
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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40
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Copilaș‐Ciocianu D, Zimța A, Petrusek A. Integrative taxonomy reveals a newGammarusspecies (Crustacea, Amphipoda) surviving in a previously unknown southeast European glacial refugium. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Copilaș‐Ciocianu
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czechia
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Alina‐Andreea Zimța
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czechia
- Department of Biology–Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography West University of Timişoara Timişoara Romania
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czechia
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41
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Adams NE, Inoue K, Seidel RA, Lang BK, Berg DJ. Isolation drives increased diversification rates in freshwater amphipods. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:746-757. [PMID: 29908996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vicariance and dispersal events affect current biodiversity patterns in desert springs. Whether major diversification events are due to environmental changes leading to radiation or due to isolation resulting in relict species is largely unknown. We seek to understand whether the Gammarus pecos species complex underwent major diversification events due to environmental changes in the area leading either to radiation into novel habitats, or formation of relicts due to isolation. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that Gammarus in the northern Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico and Texas, USA are descendants of an ancient marine lineage now containing multiple undescribed species. We sequenced a nuclear (28S) and two mitochondrial (16S, COI) genes from gammarid amphipods representing 16 desert springs in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. We estimated phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and diversification rates of the Gammarus pecos complex. Our results revealed that the region contained two evolutionarily independent lineages: a younger Freshwater Lineage that shared a most-recent-common-ancestor with an older Saline Lineage ∼66.3 MYA (95.6-42.4 MYA). Each spring system generally formed a monophyletic clade based on the concatenated dataset. Freshwater Lineage diversification rates were 2.0-9.8 times higher than rates of the Saline Lineage. A series of post-Cretaceous colonizations by ancestral Gammarus taxa was likely followed by isolation. Paleo-geological, hydrological, and climatic events in the Neogene-to-Quaternary periods (23.03 MYA - present) in western North America promoted allopatric speciation of both lineages. We suggest that Saline Lineage populations include two undescribed Gammarus species, while the Freshwater Lineage shows repetition of fine-scale genetic structure in all major clades suggesting incipient speciation. Such ongoing speciation suggests that this region will continue to be a biodiversity hotspot for amphipods and other freshwater taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Adams
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States.
| | - Kentaro Inoue
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Richard A Seidel
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Brian K Lang
- New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87507, United States
| | - David J Berg
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Hamilton, OH 45011, United States
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42
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Sidorov D, Taylor SJ, Sharina S, Gontcharov A. Zenkevitchiidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Gammaroidea), with description of new subterranean amphipods from extremely deep cave habitats. J NAT HIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1482017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Sidorov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Sharina
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrey Gontcharov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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43
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Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Zimţa AA, Grabowski M, Petrusek A. Survival in northern microrefugia in an endemic Carpathian gammarid (Crustacea: Amphipoda). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts; Nature Research Centre; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimţa
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Biology-Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography; West University of Timişoara; Timişoara Romania
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Lodz; Łódź Poland
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
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44
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Hou Z, Zhao S, Li S. Seven new freshwater species of Gammarus from southern China (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae). Zookeys 2018; 749:1-79. [PMID: 29674920 PMCID: PMC5904484 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.749.23165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven new species of the genus Gammarus are described and illustrated from southern China. The new species Gammarus vallecula Hou & Li, sp. n., G. qinling Hou & Li, sp. n., G. zhigangi Hou & Li, sp. n. and G. jidutanxian Hou & Li, sp. n. are characterized by inner ramus of uropod III half the length of outer ramus. Gammarus longdong Hou & Li, sp. n. is characterized by inner ramus of uropod III 0.9 times as long as outer ramus. Gammarus mosuo Hou & Li, sp. n. is characterized by pereopods V-VII with long setae on anterior margins and both rami of uropod III armed with simple setae. Gammarus caecigenus Hou & Li, sp. n. can be distinguished from other species by eyes absent. DNA barcodes of the new species are documented as proof of molecular differences between species. A key to the new species and a map of their distributions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhao
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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45
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Hou Z, Li S. Four new Gammarus species from Tibetan Plateau with a key to Tibetan freshwater gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae). Zookeys 2018:1-40. [PMID: 29674901 PMCID: PMC5904427 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.747.21999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new species of the genus Gammarus are described and illustrated from Tibetan Plateau. Gammarusaltussp. n. and G.limosussp. n. are characterized by pereopods III–IV with a few short setae and uropod III with marginal spines accompanied by short setae. Gammaruskangdingensissp. n. and G.gonggaensissp. n. are characterized by pereopods III–IV with long straight setae on posterior margins and inner ramus of uropod III 0.4 times as long as outer ramus. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed. A key to 15 Gammarus species from the Tibetan Plateau and a map of their distributions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
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46
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Hupało K, Mamos T, Wrzesińska W, Grabowski M. First endemic freshwater Gammarus from Crete and its evolutionary history-an integrative taxonomy approach. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4457. [PMID: 29568704 PMCID: PMC5846458 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean islands are known as natural laboratories of evolution with a high level of endemic biodiversity. However, most biodiversity assessments have focused mainly on terrestrial and marine fauna, leaving the freshwater animals aside. Crete is one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean Basin, with a long history of isolation from the continental mainland. Gammarid amphipods are often dominant in macrozoobenthic communities in European inland waters. They are widely used in biomonitoring and exotoxicological studies. Herein, we describe Gammarus plaitisi sp. nov., endemic to Cretan streams, based on morphological characters and a set of molecular species delimitation methods using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes as well as nuclear 28S rDNA, ITS1 and EF1-alpha genes. The divergence of the new species is strongly connected with the geological history of the island supporting its continental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Hupało
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Wrzesińska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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47
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Cyriac VP, Kodandaramaiah U. Digging their own macroevolutionary grave: fossoriality as an evolutionary dead end in snakes. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:587-598. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Cyriac
- IISER-TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE) and School of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - U. Kodandaramaiah
- IISER-TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE) and School of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Thiruvananthapuram India
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48
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Davis KE, De Grave S, Delmer C, Wills MA. Freshwater transitions and symbioses shaped the evolution and extant diversity of caridean shrimps. Commun Biol 2018; 1:16. [PMID: 30271903 PMCID: PMC6123698 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that shaped the strikingly irregular distribution of species richness across the Tree of Life is a major research agenda. Changes in ecology may go some way to explain the often strongly asymmetrical fates of sister clades, and we test this in the caridean shrimps. First appearing in the Lower Jurassic, there are now ~3500 species worldwide. Carideans experienced several independent transitions to freshwater from marine habitats, while many of the marine species have also evolved a symbiotic lifestyle. Here we use diversification rate analyses to test whether these ecological traits promote or inhibit diversity within a phylogenetic framework. We demonstrate that speciation rates are more than twice as high in freshwater clades, whilst symbiotic ecologies are associated with lower speciation rates. These lower rates amongst symbiotic species are of concern given that symbioses often occur in some of the most diverse, delicately balanced and threatened marine ecosystems. Katie Davis et al. test the hypothesis that ecological traits are linked to diversification in caridean shrimps. They find that transitions from marine to freshwater habitats contributed to higher diversification rates, whereas symbiosis is associated with a slight decrease in diversification rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Sammy De Grave
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK
| | - Cyrille Delmer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AX, UK
| | - Matthew A Wills
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AX, UK
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49
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Fišer C, Robinson CT, Malard F. Cryptic species as a window into the paradigm shift of the species concept. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:613-635. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cene Fišer
- SubBio Lab; Department of Biology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Christopher T. Robinson
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag; Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Florian Malard
- Université Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; CNRS; ENTPE; UMR5023 LEHNA Villeurbanne France
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50
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Ballarin F, Li S. Diversification in tropics and subtropics following the mid-Miocene climate change: A case study of the spider genus Nesticella. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e577-e591. [PMID: 29055169 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Caves may offer suitable refugia for troglophilic invertebrates during periods of unfavourable climatic conditions because of their stable microclimates. As a consequence, allopatric divergence from their epigean counterparts may occur, leading to formation of truly hypogean communities (the Climatic Relict Hypothesis). Unlike the well-studied effects of Pleistocene glaciations, we know little about how ancient climate changes drove the development of cave-dwelling organisms living at both middle and lower latitudes. We investigate the evolutionary history of the troglophilic spider genus Nesticella (Araneae, Nesticidae) in relation to Asian Neogene (23-2.6 Ma) climatic changes. Our analyses discern clear differences in the evolution of the two main clades of Nesticella, which occur in temperate/subtropical and tropical latitudes. Eastern Asian Nesticella gradually evolved greater sedentariness and a strict subterranean lifestyle starting from the middle Miocene Epoch (~15-14 Ma) in conjunction with the progressive deterioration of the climate and vegetational shifts. Caves appear to have acted as refugia because of their internally uniform temperature and humidity, which allowed these spiders to survive increasing external seasonality and habitat loss. In contrast, a uniform accumulation of lineages, long-lasting times for dispersals and the lack of a comparable habitat shifting characterized the tropical lineage. This difference in pattern likely owes to the mild effects of climate change at low latitudes and the consequent lack of strong climatic drivers in tropical environments. Thus, the mid-Miocene climatic shift appears to be the major evolutionary force shaping the ecological differences between Asian troglophilic invertebrates and the driver of the permanent hypogean communities in middle latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ballarin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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