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Hong H, Hu Y, Shi S, Liu B, Zheng W, Bo R, Xu Z, Wu Y, Cao Y. Listeria monocytogenes: possible mechanism of infection of goat uterus and its effects on uterine autophagy and cell apoptosis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1413523. [PMID: 39220769 PMCID: PMC11363072 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1413523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is highly prevalent in the animal farming industry, with Listeria monocytogenes as the causative pathogen. To identify potential therapeutic targets for LM infection, we investigated the mechanisms of LM infection in goat uteri. We inoculated a group of goats with LM via jugular vein injection, isolated and raised them, and subsequently collected sterile samples of their uterine tissue after they exhibited clinical symptoms of LM infection. We used Giemsa staining, immunohistochemical staining, real-time qPCR, and Western blotting as experimental methods.First, we investigated the mechanism of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection in the goat uterus by examining the expression levels of listeriolysin O, E-cadherin, and tyrosine kinase c-Met in the uterus.Furthermore, we investigated the impact of LM infection on uterine autophagy and cell apoptosis. The results indicate that the injection of LM into the goats' jugular veins leads to LM infection in the goats' uteri. During LM survival inside the goat uterine cells, there is a significant increase in the expression levels of LLO, E-cadherin, and c-Met in the host uterine tissue. This suggests that LM may potentially infect goat uteri through the InlA/E-cadherin and InlB/c-Met pathways. Furthermore, LM infection increases the levels of apoptosis and autophagy in goat uteri. Apoptosis genes Bcl-2 and Bax, as well as autophagy-related genes LC3B, PINK1, and Parkin, exhibit varying degrees of changes in localization and expression in goat uteri, mediating the occurrence of apoptotic and autophagic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Hong
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yunhai Hu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Siyuan Shi
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Ben Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
- Jiangxi Lvke Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Yichun, China
| | - Wenya Zheng
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjie Xu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
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Rahman MA, Sarker A, Ayaz M, Shatabdy AR, Haque N, Jalouli M, Rahman MDH, Mou TJ, Dey SK, Hoque Apu E, Zafar MS, Parvez MAK. An Update on the Study of the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Autophagy during Bacterial Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1757. [PMID: 39200221 PMCID: PMC11351677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a unique catabolic process that degrades irrelevant or damaged components in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and eliminate infections from pathogenesis. Pathogenic bacteria have developed many autophagy manipulation techniques that affect host immune responses and intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved to avoid xenophagy. However, reducing its effectiveness as an innate immune response has not yet been elucidated. Bacterial pathogens cause autophagy in infected cells as a cell-autonomous defense mechanism to eliminate the pathogen. However, harmful bacteria have learned to control autophagy and defeat host defenses. Intracellular bacteria can stimulate and control autophagy, while others inhibit it to prevent xenophagy and lysosomal breakdown. This review evaluates the putative functions for xenophagy in regulating bacterial infection, emphasizing that successful pathogens have evolved strategies to disrupt or exploit this defense, reducing its efficiency in innate immunity. Instead, animal models show that autophagy-associated proteins influence bacterial pathogenicity outside of xenophagy. We also examine the consequences of the complex interaction between autophagy and bacterial pathogens in light of current efforts to modify autophagy and develop host-directed therapeutics to fight bacterial infections. Therefore, effective pathogens have evolved to subvert or exploit xenophagy, although autophagy-associated proteins can influence bacterial pathogenicity outside of xenophagy. Finally, this review implies how the complex interaction between autophagy and bacterial pathogens affects host-directed therapy for bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Amily Sarker
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Mohammed Ayaz
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Ananya Rahman Shatabdy
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Nabila Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Taslin Jahan Mou
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Md. Anowar Khasru Parvez
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
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3
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Feltham L, Moran J, Goldrick M, Lord E, Spiller DG, Cavet JS, Muldoon M, Roberts IS, Paszek P. Bacterial aggregation facilitates internalin-mediated invasion of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1411124. [PMID: 39045131 PMCID: PMC11263170 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1411124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of food-borne L. monocytogenes in the host relies on internalin-mediated invasion, but the underlying invasion strategies remain elusive. Here we use live-cell microscopy to follow single cell interactions between individual human cells and L. monocytogenes and elucidate mechanisms associated with internalin B (InlB)-mediated invasion. We demonstrate that whilst a replicative invasion of nonphagocytic cells is a rare event even at high multiplicities of invasion, L. monocytogenes overcomes this by utilising a strategy relaying on PrfA-mediated ActA-based aggregation. We show that L. monocytogenes forms aggregates in extracellular host cell environment, which promote approximately 5-fold more host cell adhesions than the non-aggregating actA-ΔC mutant (which lacks the C-terminus coding region), with the adhering bacteria inducing 3-fold more intracellular invasions. Aggregation is associated with robust MET tyrosine kinase receptor clustering in the host cells, a hallmark of InlB-mediated invasion, something not observed with the actA-ΔC mutant. Finally, we show via RNA-seq analyses that aggregation involves a global adaptive response to host cell environment (including iron depletion), resulting in metabolic changes in L. monocytogenes and upregulation of the PrfA virulence regulon. Overall, our analyses provide new mechanistic insights into internalin-mediated host-pathogen interactions of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Feltham
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Moran
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Goldrick
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Lord
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Spiller
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S. Cavet
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Muldoon
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian. S. Roberts
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Paszek
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Zhang P, Ji L, Wu X, Chen L, Yan W, Dong F. Prevalence, Genotypic Characteristics, and Antibiotic Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes From Retail Foods in Huzhou, China. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100307. [PMID: 38797247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes are considered to be the major foodborne pathogen worldwide. To understand the prevalence and potential risk of L. monocytogenes in retail foods, a total of 1243 retail foods in 12 food categories were sampled and screened for L. monocytogenes from 2020 to 2022 in Huzhou, China. A total of 46 out of 1234 samples were confirmed to be L. monocytogenes positive with a total rate of 3.7%. The contamination rate of seasoned raw meat (15.2%) was the highest, followed by raw poultry meat and raw livestock meat (9.9%) and salmon sashimi (9.5%). The L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to four serotypes, 1/2a,1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, with the most prevalent serotype being 1/2a (47.9%). All isolates were grouped into 15 sequence types (STs) belonging to 14 clonal complexes (CCs) via multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The most prevalent ST was ST9/CC9 (23.9%), followed by ST3/CC3 (19.6%) and ST121/CC121 (17.4%). Notably, 11 STs were detected from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, some of them have been verified to be strongly associated with clinical origin listeriosis cases, such as ST3, ST2, ST5, ST8, and ST87. Listeria pathogenicity islands 1 (LIPI-1) and LIPI-2 were detected in approximately all L. monocytogenes isolates, whereas the distribution of both LIPI-3 genes and LIPI-4 genes exhibited association with specific ST, with LIPI-3 in ST3 and ST288, and LIPI-4 in ST87. The strains carrying LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 virulence genes in this study were all isolated from RTE foods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that >90% of isolates were susceptible to PEN, AMP, ERY, CIP, SXT, VAN, CHL, and GEN, indicating the antibiotic treatment might be still efficient for most of the L. monocytogenes strains. However, for the three clinical first-line antibiotics (PEN, AMP, and GEN), we also observed three and four strains showing MIC values greater than the susceptibility standards for PEN and AMP, respectively, and one strain showing resistance to GEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Lei Ji
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Fenfen Dong
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou 313000, China.
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Weigert Muñoz A, Zhao W, Sieber SA. Monitoring host-pathogen interactions using chemical proteomics. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:73-89. [PMID: 38333198 PMCID: PMC10849124 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid emergence and the dissemination of microbial resistance to conventional chemotherapy, the shortage of novel antimicrobial drugs has raised a global health threat. As molecular interactions between microbial pathogens and their mammalian hosts are crucial to establish virulence, pathogenicity, and infectivity, a detailed understanding of these interactions has the potential to reveal novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies. Bidirectional molecular communication between microbes and eukaryotes is essential for both pathogenic and commensal organisms to colonise their host. In particular, several devastating pathogens exploit host signalling to adjust the expression of energetically costly virulent behaviours. Chemical proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool to interrogate the protein interaction partners of small molecules and has been successfully applied to advance host-pathogen communication studies. Here, we present recent significant progress made by this approach and provide a perspective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Weigert Muñoz
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 D-85748 Garching Germany
| | - Weining Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 D-85748 Garching Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Germany
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6
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Maraschin M, Talyuli OAC, Luíza Rulff da Costa C, Granella LW, Moi DA, Figueiredo BRS, Mansur DS, Oliveira PL, Oliveira JHM. Exploring dose-response relationships in Aedes aegypti survival upon bacteria and arbovirus infection. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 151:104573. [PMID: 37838284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of how host fitness changes in response to variations in microbe density (an ecological measure of disease tolerance) is an important aim of infection biology. Here, we applied dose-response curves to study Aedes aegypti survival upon exposure to different microbes. We challenged female mosquitoes with Listeria monocytogenes, a model bacterial pathogen, Dengue 4 virus and Zika virus, two medically relevant arboviruses, to understand the distribution of mosquito survival following microbe exposure. By correlating microbe loads and host health, we found that a blood meal promotes disease tolerance in our systemic bacterial infection model and that mosquitoes orally infected with bacteria had an enhanced defensive capacity than insects infected through injection. We also showed that Aedes aegypti displays a higher survival profile following arbovirus infection when compared to bacterial infections. Here, we applied a framework for investigating microbe-induced mosquito mortality and details how the lifespan of Aedes aegypti varies with different inoculum sizes of bacteria and arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Maraschin
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Octávio A C Talyuli
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clara Luíza Rulff da Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucilene W Granella
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Dieison A Moi
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Bruno R S Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Edifício Fritz Müller, Bloco B, Córrego Grande, CEP 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Mansur
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Brazil
| | - José Henrique M Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Brazil.
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Castelli P, De Ruvo A, Bucciacchio A, D'Alterio N, Cammà C, Di Pasquale A, Radomski N. Harmonization of supervised machine learning practices for efficient source attribution of Listeria monocytogenes based on genomic data. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:560. [PMID: 37736708 PMCID: PMC10515079 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic data-based machine learning tools are promising for real-time surveillance activities performing source attribution of foodborne bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes. Given the heterogeneity of machine learning practices, our aim was to identify those influencing the source prediction performance of the usual holdout method combined with the repeated k-fold cross-validation method. METHODS A large collection of 1 100 L. monocytogenes genomes with known sources was built according to several genomic metrics to ensure authenticity and completeness of genomic profiles. Based on these genomic profiles (i.e. 7-locus alleles, core alleles, accessory genes, core SNPs and pan kmers), we developed a versatile workflow assessing prediction performance of different combinations of training dataset splitting (i.e. 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90%), data preprocessing (i.e. with or without near-zero variance removal), and learning models (i.e. BLR, ERT, RF, SGB, SVM and XGB). The performance metrics included accuracy, Cohen's kappa, F1-score, area under the curves from receiver operating characteristic curve, precision recall curve or precision recall gain curve, and execution time. RESULTS The testing average accuracies from accessory genes and pan kmers were significantly higher than accuracies from core alleles or SNPs. While the accuracies from 70 and 80% of training dataset splitting were not significantly different, those from 80% were significantly higher than the other tested proportions. The near-zero variance removal did not allow to produce results for 7-locus alleles, did not impact significantly the accuracy for core alleles, accessory genes and pan kmers, and decreased significantly accuracy for core SNPs. The SVM and XGB models did not present significant differences in accuracy between each other and reached significantly higher accuracies than BLR, SGB, ERT and RF, in this order of magnitude. However, the SVM model required more computing power than the XGB model, especially for high amount of descriptors such like core SNPs and pan kmers. CONCLUSIONS In addition to recommendations about machine learning practices for L. monocytogenes source attribution based on genomic data, the present study also provides a freely available workflow to solve other balanced or unbalanced multiclass phenotypes from binary and categorical genomic profiles of other microorganisms without source code modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Castelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Andrea De Ruvo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Andrea Bucciacchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Nicola D'Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Adriano Di Pasquale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Nicolas Radomski
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy.
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Cossart P. Raising a Bacterium to the Rank of a Model System: The Listeria Paradigm. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:1-22. [PMID: 37713460 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
My scientific career has resulted from key decisions and reorientations, sometimes taken rapidly but not always, guided by discussions or collaborations with amazing individuals from whom I learnt a lot scientifically and humanly. I had never anticipated that I would accomplish so much in what appeared as terra incognita when I started to interrogate the mechanisms underlying the virulence of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. All this has been possible thanks to a number of talented team members who ultimately became friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Cossart
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;
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9
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Moran J, Feltham L, Bagnall J, Goldrick M, Lord E, Nettleton C, Spiller DG, Roberts I, Paszek P. Live-cell imaging reveals single-cell and population-level infection strategies of Listeria monocytogenes in macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235675. [PMID: 37675103 PMCID: PMC10478088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens have developed intricate strategies to overcome the host's innate immune responses. In this paper we use live-cell microscopy with a single bacterium resolution to follow in real time interactions between the food-borne pathogen L. monocytogenes and host macrophages, a key event controlling the infection in vivo. We demonstrate that infection results in heterogeneous outcomes, with only a subset of bacteria able to establish a replicative invasion of macrophages. The fate of individual bacteria in the same host cell was independent from the host cell and non-cooperative, being independent from co-infecting bacteria. A higher multiplicity of infection resulted in a reduced probability of replication of the overall bacterial population. By use of internalisation assays and conditional probabilities to mathematically describe the two-stage invasion process, we demonstrate that the higher MOI compromises the ability of macrophages to phagocytose bacteria. We found that the rate of phagocytosis is mediated via the secreted Listeriolysin toxin (LLO), while the probability of replication of intracellular bacteria remained constant. Using strains expressing fluorescent reporters to follow transcription of either the LLO-encoding hly or actA genes, we show that replicative bacteria exhibited higher PrfA regulon expression in comparison to those bacteria that did not replicate, however elevated PrfA expression per se was not sufficient to increase the probability of replication. Overall, this demonstrates a new role for the population-level, but not single cell, PrfA-mediated activity to regulate outcomes of host pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Roberts
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Paszek
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Strain R, Tran TT, Mills S, Stanton C, Ross RP. A pilot study of dietary fibres on pathogen growth in an ex vivo colonic model reveals their potential ability to limit vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus expansion. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:22. [PMID: 38046819 PMCID: PMC10688796 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Dietary fibre is important for shaping gut microbiota. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the impact of dietary fibres on pathogen performance in the presence of gut microbiota. Methods: In an ex vivo gut model, pooled faecal samples were spiked with a cocktail of representative gastrointestinal pathogens and fermented with yeast β-glucan for 24 hours, after which 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and short-chain and branched-chain fatty acid (SCFA and BCFA) analyses were performed. In addition, oat β-glucan, arabinoxylan, yeast β-glucan, and galactooligosaccharides were each tested against individual representative pathogens and pathogen growth was assessed via qPCR. Glucose served as a control carbon source. Results: Based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, yeast β-glucan selected for higher proportions of Bacteroides (P = 0.0005, ~6 fold) and Clostridia (P = 0.005, ~3.6 fold) while species of Escherichia/Shigella (P = 0.021, ~2.8 fold) and Lactobacillus (P = 0.007, ~ 15.7-fold) were higher in glucose. Pathogen relative abundance did not differ between glucose and yeast β-glucan. In the absence of pathogens, higher production of BCFAs (P = 0.002) and SCFAs (P = 0.002) fatty acids was observed for fibre group(s). For individual pathogens, yeast β-glucan increased growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes (P < 0.05), arabinoxylan increased S. typhimurium (P < 0.05). Tested fibres decreased vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (P < 0.05), with yeast β-glucan causing a 1-log reduction (P < 0.01), while galactooligosaccharides decreased L. monocytogenes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Tested fibres differentially influenced the growth of pathogens, but yeast β-glucan could represent a dietary strategy to help limit vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) expansion in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Strain
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Tam T.T. Tran
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12TP07, Ireland
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11
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Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Skowron K, Wałecka-Zacharska E. Genomic and pathogenicity islands of Listeria monocytogenes-overview of selected aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1161486. [PMID: 37388250 PMCID: PMC10300472 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1161486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a disease characterized by a high mortality rate (up to 30%). Since the pathogen is highly tolerant to changing conditions (high and low temperature, wide pH range, low availability of nutrients), it is widespread in the environment, e.g., water, soil, or food. L. monocytogenes possess a number of genes that determine its high virulence potential, i.e., genes involved in the intracellular cycle (e.g., prfA, hly, plcA, plcB, inlA, inlB), response to stress conditions (e.g., sigB, gadA, caspD, clpB, lmo1138), biofilm formation (e.g., agr, luxS), or resistance to disinfectants (e.g., emrELm, bcrABC, mdrL). Some genes are organized into genomic and pathogenicity islands. The islands LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 contain genes related to the infectious life cycle and survival in the food processing environment, while LGI-1 and LGI-2 potentially ensure survival and durability in the production environment. Researchers constantly have been searching for new genes determining the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Understanding the virulence potential of L. monocytogenes is an important element of public health protection, as highly pathogenic strains may be associated with outbreaks and the severity of listeriosis. This review summarizes the selected aspects of L. monocytogenes genomic and pathogenicity islands, and the importance of whole genome sequencing for epidemiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Liu D, Bai X, Helmick HDB, Samaddar M, Amalaradjou MAR, Li X, Tenguria S, Gallina NLF, Xu L, Drolia R, Aryal UK, Moreira GMSG, Hust M, Seleem MN, Kokini JL, Ostafe R, Cox A, Bhunia AK. Cell-surface anchoring of Listeria adhesion protein on L. monocytogenes is fastened by internalin B for pathogenesis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112515. [PMID: 37171960 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) is a secreted acetaldehyde alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) that anchors to an unknown molecule on the Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) surface, which is critical for its intestinal epithelium crossing. In the present work, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identify internalin B (InlB) as the primary ligand of LAP (KD ∼ 42 nM). InlB-deleted and naturally InlB-deficient Lm strains show reduced LAP-InlB interaction and LAP-mediated pathology in the murine intestine and brain invasion. InlB-overexpressing non-pathogenic Listeria innocua also displays LAP-InlB interplay. In silico predictions reveal that a pocket region in the C-terminal domain of tetrameric LAP is the binding site for InlB. LAP variants containing mutations in negatively charged (E523S, E621S) amino acids in the C terminus confirm altered binding conformations and weaker affinity for InlB. InlB transforms the housekeeping enzyme, AdhE (LAP), into a moonlighting pathogenic factor by fastening on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Manalee Samaddar
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Xilin Li
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shivendra Tenguria
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas L F Gallina
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luping Xu
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Biological Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Bindley Bioscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gustavo Marçal Schmidt Garcia Moreira
- Technische Universität Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jozef L Kokini
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Abigail Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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13
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Listeria InlB Expedites Vacuole Escape and Intracellular Proliferation by Promoting Rab7 Recruitment via Vps34. mBio 2023; 14:e0322122. [PMID: 36656016 PMCID: PMC9973280 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03221-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid phagosomal escape mediated by listeriolysin O (LLO) is a prerequisite for Listeria monocytogenes intracellular replication and pathogenesis. Escape takes place within minutes after internalization from vacuoles that are negative to the early endosomal Rab5 GTPase and positive to the late endosomal Rab7. Using mutant analysis, we found that the listerial invasin InlB was required for optimal intracellular proliferation of L. monocytogenes. Starting from this observation, we determined in HeLa cells that InlB promotes early phagosomal escape and efficient Rab7 acquisition by the Listeria-containing vacuole (LCV). Recruitment of the class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Vps34 to the LCV and accumulation of its lipid product, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), two key endosomal maturation mediators, were also dependent on InlB. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown experiments showed that Vps34 was required for Rab7 recruitment and early (LLO-mediated) escape and supported InlB-dependent intracellular proliferation. Together, our data indicate that InlB accelerates LCV conversion into an escape-favorable Rab7 late phagosome via subversion of class III PI3K/Vps34 signaling. Our findings uncover a new function for the InlB invasin in Listeria pathogenesis as an intracellular proliferation-promoting virulence factor. IMPORTANCE Avoidance of lysosomal killing by manipulation of the endosomal compartment is a virulence mechanism assumed to be largely restricted to intravacuolar intracellular pathogens. Our findings are important because they show that cytosolic pathogens like L. monocytogenes, which rapidly escape the phagosome after internalization, can also extensively subvert endocytic trafficking as part of their survival strategy. They also clarify that, instead of delaying phagosome maturation (to allow time for LLO-dependent disruption, as currently thought), via InlB L. monocytogenes appears to facilitate the rapid conversion of the phagocytic vacuole into an escape-conducive late phagosome. Our data highlight the multifunctionality of bacterial virulence factors. At the cell surface, the InlB invasin induces receptor-mediated phagocytosis via class I PI3K activation, whereas after internalization it exploits class III PI3K (Vsp34) to promote intracellular survival. Systematically elucidating the mechanisms by which Listeria interferes with PI3K signaling all along the endocytic pathway may lead to novel anti-infective therapies.
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14
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Yang R, Wang J, Wang F, Zhang H, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Damage in Bacterial Meningitis: The Underlying Link, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032852. [PMID: 36769171 PMCID: PMC9918147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in supportive care and antimicrobial treatment, bacterial meningitis remains the most serious infection of the central nervous system (CNS) that poses a serious risk to life. This clinical dilemma is largely due to our insufficient knowledge of the pathology behind this disease. By controlling the entry of molecules into the CNS microenvironment, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective cellular monolayer that is specific to the CNS's microvasculature, regulates communication between the CNS and the rest of the body. A defining feature of the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis is the increase in BBB permeability. So far, several contributing factors for BBB disruption have been reported, including direct cellular damage brought on by bacterial virulence factors, as well as host-specific proteins or inflammatory pathways being activated. Recent studies have demonstrated that targeting pathological factors contributing to enhanced BBB permeability is an effective therapeutic complement to antimicrobial therapy for treating bacterial meningitis. Hence, understanding how these meningitis-causing pathogens affect the BBB permeability will provide novel perspectives for investigating bacterial meningitis's pathogenesis, prevention, and therapies. Here, we summarized the recent research progress on meningitis-causing pathogens disrupting the barrier function of BBB. This review provides handy information on BBB disruption by meningitis-causing pathogens, and helps design future research as well as develop potential combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jundan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Azarmi M, Maleki H, Nikkam N, Malekinejad H. Novel neurolisteriosis therapy using SPION as a drivable nanocarrier in gallic acid delivery to CNS. J Control Release 2023; 353:507-517. [PMID: 36493947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurolisteriosis is an infectious disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a high mortality rate caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The CNS disorders suffer from inadequacy of drugs accessibility. An experimental in vivo model of neurolisteriosis was developed by oral administration of the bacteria in Wistar rats. It's speculated the capability of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in ferrying gallic acid (GA), as a natural antimicrobial agent, through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with the assistance of an external magnetic field (EMF). The capability of the formulated nanodrug in traversing through the BBB was approved by detecting blue spots in the Perls' Prussian staining of the brain tissue sections and by an increased iron content of the brain determined by the inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. The GA release pattern and the nanodrug toxicity assay were promising. Anti-listeriosis effect of the formulated nanodrug was evaluated by molecular quantification of the relative abundance of survived bacteria in brain tissue samples. Besides, the relative expression of the listeriolysin O-encoding hly gene, the prominent virulence factor of L. monocytogenes, was determined using the rplD gene as a reference gene. The nanodrug-received rats showed a significantly less viable bacteria (13.2 ± 7.6%) and a 4.4-fold reduction in the relative expression of the hly gene in comparison to the sham group. Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method, functionalized with GA, and finally coated with Tween 80. The physicochemical properties of the bare and surface modified materials were investigated using different techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta Potential analyses, and vibrating sample magnetometry. In conclusion, MNPs displayed a considerable potential for drug delivery intentions to various target sites such as the CNS. Gallic acid exhibited a binary anti-listerial effect, the destruction of L. monocytogenes bacteria in addition to reducing the expression of the hly gene, which in turn causes reduced survivability of the bacteria in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Azarmi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Maleki
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Nikkam
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Tsai YH, Moura A, Gu ZQ, Chang JH, Liao YS, Teng RH, Tseng KY, Chang DL, Liu WR, Huang YT, Leclercq A, Lo HJ, Lecuit M, Chiou CS. Genomic Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes in Taiwan, 2014 to 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0182522. [PMID: 36222695 PMCID: PMC9769603 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01825-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a life-threatening foodborne pathogen. Here, we report the genomic characterization of a nationwide dataset of 411 clinical and 82 food isolates collected in Taiwan between 2014 and 2019. The observed incidence of listeriosis increased from 0.83 to 7 cases per million population upon implementation of mandatory notification in 2018. Pregnancy-associated cases accounted for 2.8% of human listeriosis and all-cause 7-day mortality was of 11.9% in nonmaternal-neonatal listeriosis. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 90% of raw pork and 34% of chicken products collected in supermarkets. Sublineages SL87, SL5, and SL378 accounted for the majority (65%) of clinical cases. SL87 and SL378 were also predominant (57%) in food products. Five cgMLST clusters accounted for 57% clinical cases, suggesting unnoticed outbreaks spanning up to 6 years. Mandatory notification allowed identifying the magnitude of listeriosis in Taiwan. Continuous real-time genomic surveillance will allow reducing contaminating sources and disease burden. IMPORTANCE Understanding the phylogenetic relationship between clinical and food isolates is important to identify the transmission routes of foodborne diseases. Here, we performed a nationwide study between 2014 and 2019 of both clinical and food Listeria monocytogenes isolates and sequenced their genomes. We show a 9-fold increase in listeriosis reporting upon implementation of mandatory notification. We found that sublineages SL87 and SL378 predominated among both clinical (50%) and food (57%) isolates, and identified five cgMLST clusters accounting for 57% of clinical cases, suggestive of potential protracted sources of contamination over up to 6 years in Taiwan. These findings highlight that mandatory declaration is critical in identifying the burden of listeriosis, and the importance of genome sequencing for a detailed characterization of the pathogenic L. monocytogenes genotypes circulating in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huan Tsai
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Zi-Qi Gu
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsien Chang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shu Liao
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hsiou Teng
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yao Tseng
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Ling Chang
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Hsiu-Jung Lo
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Institut Imagine, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Chien-Shun Chiou
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
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Muchaamba F, von Ah U, Stephan R, Stevens MJA, Tasara T. Deciphering the global roles of Cold shock proteins in Listeria monocytogenes nutrient metabolism and stress tolerance. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1057754. [PMID: 36605504 PMCID: PMC9808409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1057754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) accounts for serious public health and food safety problems owing to its stress resilience and pathogenicity. Based on their regulatory involvement in global gene expression events, cold-shock domain family proteins (Csps) are crucial in expression of various stress fitness and virulence phenotypes in bacteria. Lm possesses three Csps (CspA, CspB, and CspD) whose regulatory roles in the context of the genetic diversity of this bacterium are not yet fully understood. We examined the impacts of Csps deficiency on Lm nutrient metabolism and stress tolerance using a set of csp deletion mutants generated in different genetic backgrounds. Phenotype microarrays (PM) analysis showed that the absence of Csps in ∆cspABD reduces carbon (C-) source utilization capacity and increases Lm sensitivity to osmotic, pH, various chemical, and antimicrobial stress conditions. Single and double csp deletion mutants in different Lm genetic backgrounds were used to further dissect the roles of individual Csps in these phenotypes. Selected PM-based observations were further corroborated through targeted phenotypic assays, confirming that Csps are crucial in Lm for optimal utilization of various C-sources including rhamnose and glucose as well as tolerance against NaCl, β-phenyethylamine (PEA), and food relevant detergent stress conditions. Strain and genetic lineage background-based differences, division of labour, epistasis, and functional redundancies among the Csps were uncovered with respect to their roles in various processes including C-source utilization, cold, and PEA stress resistance. Finally, targeted transcriptome analysis was performed, revealing the activation of csp gene expression under defined stress conditions and the impact of Csps on expression regulation of selected rhamnose utilization genes. Overall, our study shows that Csps play important roles in nutrient utilization and stress responses in Lm strains, contributing to traits that are central to the public health and food safety impacts of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Francis Muchaamba,
| | | | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J. A. Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Listeria monocytogenes-How This Pathogen Uses Its Virulence Mechanisms to Infect the Hosts. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121491. [PMID: 36558825 PMCID: PMC9783847 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness, especially in susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and elderlies. The disease can occur in two forms: non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis and severe invasive listeriosis with septicemia, meningoencephalitis, perinatal infections, and abortion. Expression of each symptom depends on various bacterial virulence factors, immunological status of the infected person, and the number of ingested bacteria. Internalins, mainly InlA and InlB, invasins (invasin A, LAP), and other surface adhesion proteins (InlP1, InlP4) are responsible for epithelial cell binding, whereas internalin C (InlC) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) are involved in cell-to-cell bacterial spread. L. monocytogenes is able to disseminate through the blood and invade diverse host organs. In persons with impaired immunity, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can also cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, which results in the invasion of the central nervous system and fetus infection, respectively. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of listeriosis and L. monocytogenes virulence mechanisms that are involved in host infection, with a special focus on their molecular and cellular aspects. We believe that all this information is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.
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Gradovska S, Šteingolde Ž, Ķibilds J, Meistere I, Avsejenko J, Streikiša M, Alksne L, Terentjeva M, Bērziņš A. Genetic diversity and known virulence genes in Listeria innocua strains isolated from cattle abortions and farm environment. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 19:100276. [PMID: 36545353 PMCID: PMC9762182 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua is considered as non-pathogenic bacteria living in an environment although several cases of immunocompromised humans and ruminant listeriosis infections have been reported. Previously, L. innocua was identified as a potential pathogen and virulence in association with L. monocytogenes PrfA dependent virulence (LIPI-1) gene cluster was demonstrated in hemolytic L. innocua. L. innocua usually considered non-pathogenic versus pathogenic L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii because of the main virulence gene loss. There are limited studies and reports available about L. innocua-caused illness in cattle. A total of 18 STs were identified in cattle abortions while 17 STs in the farm environment with majority of STs were present in both abortions and environmental samples. Genome sequencing showed that in one farm identical L. innocua clones were represented in water, feed, soil, and faeces sample groups, suggesting that animals most likely through the faecal shedding may remain as the main source of L. innocua in a farm environment. Out of all L. innocua isolates PrfA-dependent virulence genes were not found in aborted foetuses isolates and environmental L. innocua isolate groups; however, in 20% of isolates a complete LIPI-3 pathogenicity island encoding listeriolysin S was identified. In this study, we demonstrated that genetically diverse L. innocua clones were widely distributed in cattle farm environment and certain isolates had a significant pathogenicity potential for cattle, thus causing adverse health effects, including abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Gradovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Corresponding author.
| | - Žanete Šteingolde
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Margarita Terentjeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Aivars Bērziņš
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
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Xu L, Lu G, Zhan B, Wei L, Deng X, Zhang Q, Shen X, Wang J, Feng H. Uncovering the efficacy and mechanisms of Genkwa flos and bioactive ingredient genkwanin against L. monocytogenes infection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115571. [PMID: 35870686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Genkwa flos (yuanhua in Chinese), the dried flower buds of the plant Daphne genkwa Siebold & Zucc., as a traditional herb widely used for the treatment of inflammation-related symptoms and diseases, with the efficacies of diuretic, phlegm-resolving and cough suppressant. AIM OF THE STUDY Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is presumed to be of immense potential against pathogens infection. Whereas, the potential efficacy and mechanisms of Genkwa flos against L. monocytogenes infection has not been extensively explored. The present study aimed to identify the bioactive ingredients of Genkwa flos against L. monocytogenes infection and to delineate the underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioinformatics approach at protein network level was employed to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of Genkwa flos against L. monocytogenes infection. And hemolysis inhibition assay, cytoprotection test, western blotting, oligomerization assay and molecular docking analysis were applied to substantiate the multiple efficacies of Genkwa flos and the bioactive ingredient genkwanin. Histopathological analysis and biochemistry detection were conducted to evaluate the in vivo protective effect of genkwanin. RESULTS Network pharmacology and experimental validation revealed that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Genkwa flos exhibited anti-L. monocytogenes potency and was found to inhibit the hemolytic activity of LLO. Bioactive ingredient genkwanin interfered with the pore-forming activity of LLO by engaging the active residues Tyr414, Tyr98, Asn473, Val100, Tyr440 and Val438, and thereby attenuated LLO-mediated cytotoxicity. Consistent with the bioinformatics prediction, exposed to genkwanin could upregulate the Nrf2 level and promote the translocation of Nrf2. In vivo, genkwanin oral administration (80 mg/kg) significantly protected against systemic L. monocytogenes infection, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased mice survival rate by 30% and decreased pathogen colonization. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that Genkwa flos is a potential anti-L. monocytogenes TCM, highlighted the therapeutic potential of Genkwa flos active ingredient genkwanin by targeting the pore-forming cytolysin LLO and acting as a promising antioxidative candidate against L. monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Gejin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yujinxiang Street 573, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China.
| | - Baihe Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lijuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Hebei Veterinary Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, 050041, Hebei, China.
| | - Xuming Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Haihua Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Liu X, Pang X, Wu Y, Wu Y, Shi Y, Zhang X, Chen Q. Synergistic Antibacterial Mechanism of Mannosylerythritol Lipid-A and Lactic Acid on Listeria monocytogenes Based on Transcriptomic Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172660. [PMID: 36076848 PMCID: PMC9455235 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids-A (MEL-A) is a novel biosurfactant with multiple biological effects. The synergistic antibacterial activity and mechanism of MEL-A and lactic acid (LA) against Listeria monocytogenes were investigated. The synergistic effect resulted in a significant increase in the antibacterial rate compared to LA treatment alone. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis was applied to deeply investigate the synergistic antibacterial mechanism. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the synergy between MEL-A and LA affected many potential cellular responses, including the sugar phosphotransferase system, carbohydrate transport, and ribosomes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the PTS system and ribosome-related pathways were significantly enriched. In addition, synergistic treatment affected locomotion and membrane-related cellular responses in GO enrichment analysis and carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways in KEGG enrichment analysis compared to LA treatment alone. The accuracy of the transcriptome analysis results was verified by qPCR (R2 = 0.9903). This study will provide new insights for the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinxin Pang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yansha Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yajing Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-86984316
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22
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Qu L, Meng GL, Wang Q, Yang L, Wang LB, Xie Y. A comprehensive analysis of listeriosis in 13 pregnant women and 27 newborns in Xi'an from 2011 to 2020. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1482-1490. [PMID: 36247892 PMCID: PMC9561519 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection associated with high mortality. Pregnant women and newborns are at a particularly high risk of infection. However, the data on epidemiology of maternal-neonatal listeriosis in Xi'an are little known. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of maternal-neonatal listeriosis in Xi'an. METHODS A total of 40 cases of listeriosis confirmed by positive cultures [blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] and admitted to the Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital (NWCH) from 2011 to 2020 were enrolled. Data from all patients were collected from the hospital's electronic medical records. Data analysis and epidemiological investigation were carried out by demographic information, time of onset, clinical and laboratory characteristics. Descriptive statistical indicators were obtained using SPSS21.0 and were expressed as median, mean, standard deviation and interquartile range. RESULTS The incidence of maternal and neonatal listeriosis in NWCH over the last decade was 5/100,000 and 10.4/100,000 respectively and Listeriosis was more likely to occur in spring and summer. The most common symptom was as follows: (I) maternal: fever (85%), abdominal pain (77%), vaginal fluid or colporrhagia (46%); (II) neonatal: respiratory distress (52%), fever (33%). Laboratary results were as follows: (I) maternal: elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (100%), white blood cells (WBC) or neutrophil (NEUT#) (85%), and monocyte counts (MONO#) (77%); (II) neonatal: increased WBC (81%), MONO# (81%), CRP (78%), NEUT# and lymphocytes (73%); and elevated protein (PRO) (95%) and WBC count (86%) in CSF while decreased in glucose (GLU) (73%). Compared to neonatal group, the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in maternal group raise to a higher level (92% to 42%). The outcomes of maternal were favorable and 54% of them suffered acute chorioamnionitism. Yet neonatal deaths account for up to 33%. CONCLUSIONS Listeriosis is a rare disease with extremely variable clinical characteristics in Xi'an. Our data indicated that unexplained fever, abdominal pain, signs of premature and respiratory symptoms accompanied by a progressive increase in WBC, CRP, NEUT#, MONO# even include WBC and PRO in CSF while GLU decreased, the possibility of an LM infection should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Gai-Li Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Burnett E, Kucerova Z, Freeman M, Kathariou S, Chen J, Smikle M. Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Multiple Subpopulations of Dominant and Persistent Lineage I Isolates of Listeria monocytogenes in Two Meat Processing Facilities during 2011-2015. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051070. [PMID: 35630512 PMCID: PMC9147069 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen with a highly clonal population structure comprising multiple phylogenetic sub-groups that can persist within food processing environments and contaminate food. The epidemiology of L. monocytogenes is well-described in some developed countries; however, little is known about the prevalence and population structure of this pathogen in food and food processing environments located in less developed regions. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic characteristics and clonal relatedness of L. monocytogenes that were isolated from two Jamaican meat processing facilities. Of the 37 isolates collected between 2011 and 2015, only a single lineage II isolate was recovered (serotype 1/2c), and the remaining were lineage I isolates representing serotypes 4b, 1/2b, 3b, and two untypeable isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) delineated isolates into seven pulsotypes, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) categorized most isolates within one of three clonal complexes (CC): CC2 (N = 12), CC5 (N = 11), and CC288 (N = 11). Isolates representing CC1 (N = 2) and CC9 (N = 1) were also recovered. Virulence-associated genes such as inlA and the LIPI-3 cluster were detected in multiple isolates, along with the stress survival islet cluster-1 (SSI-1), and benzalkonium (bcrABC) and cadmium (cad1, cad2, cad4) resistance cassettes. Multiple isolates that belong to the same CC and matching PFGE patterns were isolated from food and the environment from both facilities across multiple years, suggesting the presence of persistent strains of L. monocytogenes, and/or constant re-entry of the pathogens into the facilities from common sources. These findings highlight the ability of lineage I isolates of L. monocytogenes to colonize, persist, and predominate within two meat-producing environments, and underscores the need for robust surveillance strategies to monitor and mitigate against these important foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Burnett
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 2111 Lakeshore Road, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zuzana Kucerova
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (Z.K.); (M.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Molly Freeman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (Z.K.); (M.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jessica Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (Z.K.); (M.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Monica Smikle
- Department of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
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Azulay G, Pasechnek A, Stadnyuk O, Ran-Sapir S, Fleisacher AM, Borovok I, Sigal N, Herskovits AA. A dual-function phage regulator controls the response of cohabiting phage elements via regulation of the bacterial SOS response. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110723. [PMID: 35443160 PMCID: PMC9043618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes strain 10403S harbors two phage elements in its chromosome; one produces infective virions and the other tailocins. It was previously demonstrated that induction of the two elements is coordinated, as they are regulated by the same anti-repressor. In this study, we identified AriS as another phage regulator that controls the two elements, bearing the capacity to inhibit their lytic induction under SOS conditions. AriS is a two-domain protein that possesses two distinct activities, one regulating the genes of its encoding phage and the other downregulating the bacterial SOS response. While the first activity associates with the AriS N-terminal AntA/AntB domain, the second associates with its C-terminal ANT/KilAC domain. The ANT/KilAC domain is conserved in many AriS-like proteins of listerial and non-listerial prophages, suggesting that temperate phages acquired such dual-function regulators to align their response with the other phage elements that cohabit the genome. Listeria monocytogenes strain 10403S harbors two phage elements in its chromosome The lytic response of the phage elements is synchronized under SOS conditions AriS, a dual-function phage regulator, fine-tunes the elements’ response under SOS Aris regulates both its encoding phage and the bacterial SOS response
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Azulay
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anna Pasechnek
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Olga Stadnyuk
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shai Ran-Sapir
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ana Mejia Fleisacher
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ilya Borovok
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nadejda Sigal
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anat A Herskovits
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Kotzamanidis C, Malousi A, Dushku E, Dobly A, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Roosens NH, Karathodorou A, Staikou A, Zdragas A, Yiangou M. Listeria monocytogenes isolates from Cornu aspersum snails: Whole genome-based characterization and host-pathogen interactions in a snail infection model. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:469-478. [PMID: 35354104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Even though Listeria monocytogenes is an extensive-studied foodborne pathogen, genome analysis of isolates from snails that may represent a reservoir of L. monocytogenes are still scarce. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the genomic diversity of hypervirulent, virulent and non-virulent phenotypes of 15 L. monocytogenes isolated from snails to unveil their survival, virulence, and host-pathogen mechanisms of interactions in a snail infection model. Most of isolates (66.7%) were characterized as multidrug resistant (MDR) and belonged to clonal complexes (CCs) which are strongly associated with cases of human infection. All isolates contained intact genes associated with invasion and infection while hypervirulent isolates are adapted to host environment, possessing genes which are involved in teichoic acid biosynthesis, peptidoglycan modification and biofilm formation, correlating with their tolerance to haemolymph plasma phenotype and biofilm formation ability. A snail infection model showed that hypervirulent isolates triggered programmed host cell death pathway by increasing up to 30% the circulating apoptotic hemocytes in combination with induced nitrate production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in snails' haemolymph. In contrast, the administration of the non-virulent strain which possesses a truncated mogR gene that regulates flagellar motility gene expression led only to an increase of necrotic non-apoptotic cells. Overall, this study provides significant insights into the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes from snails, the genomic features of them linked to their hypervirulent/non-virulent phenotype, and the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Andigoni Malousi
- Lab of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Esmeralda Dushku
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandre Dobly
- Section Quality of Vaccines and Blood Products, Scientific Direction of Expertise and Service Provision, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsman 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nancy H Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Rue J. Wytsman 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Argyro Karathodorou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Campus of Thermi, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Lourenco A, Linke K, Wagner M, Stessl B. The Saprophytic Lifestyle of Listeria monocytogenes and Entry Into the Food-Processing Environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:789801. [PMID: 35350628 PMCID: PMC8957868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.789801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an environmentally adapted saprophyte that can change into a human and animal bacterial pathogen with zoonotic potential through several regulatory systems. In this review, the focus is on the occurrence of Listeria sensu stricto and sensu lato in different ecological niches, the detection methods, and their analytical limitations. It also highlights the occurrence of L. monocytogenes genotypes in the environment (soil, water, and wildlife), reflects on the molecular determinants of L. monocytogenes for the saprophytic lifestyle and the potential for antibiotic resistance. In particular, the strain-specific properties with which some genotypes circulate in wastewater, surface water, soil, wildlife, and agricultural environments are of particular interest for the continuously updating risk analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lourenco
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Linke
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Protective Immunity against Listeria monocytogenes in Rats, Provided by HCl- and NaOH-Induced Listeria monocytogenes Bacterial Ghosts (LMGs) as Vaccine Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041946. [PMID: 35216061 PMCID: PMC8876606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) bacterial ghosts (LMGs) were produced by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HCl, H2SO4, and NaOH. Acid and alkali effects on the LMGs were compared by in vitro and in vivo analyses. Scanning electron microscope showed that all chemicals form lysis pores on the Lm cell envelopes. Real-time qPCR revealed a complete absence of genomic DNA in HCl- and H2SO4-induced LMGs but not in NaOH-induced LMGs. HCl-, H2SO4- and NaOH-induced LMGs showed weaker or missing protein bands on SDS-PAGE gel when compared to wild-type Lm. Murine macrophages exposed to the HCl-induced LMGs showed higher cell viability than those exposed to NaOH-induced LMGs or wild-type Lm. The maximum level of cytokine expression (TNF-α, iNOS, IFN-γ, and IL-10 mRNA) was observed in the macrophages exposed to NaOH-induced LMGs, while that of IL-1β mRNA was observed in the macrophages exposed to HCl-induced LMGs. To investigate LMGs as a vaccine candidate, mice were divided into PBS buffer-injected, HCl- and NaOH-induced LMGs immunized groups. Mice vaccinated with HCl- and NOH-induced LMGs, respectively, significantly increased in specific IgG antibodies, bactericidal activities of serum, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell population. Antigenic Lm proteins reacted with antisera against HCl- and NOH-induced LMGs, respectively. Bacterial loads in HCl- and NaOH-induced LMGs immunized mice were significantly lower than PBS-injected mice after virulent Lm challenges. It suggested that vaccination with LMGs induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and protects against virulent challenges.
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Muchaamba F, Eshwar AK, Stevens MJA, Stephan R, Tasara T. Different Shades of Listeria monocytogenes: Strain, Serotype, and Lineage-Based Variability in Virulence and Stress Tolerance Profiles. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:792162. [PMID: 35058906 PMCID: PMC8764371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.792162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a public health and food safety challenge due to its virulence and natural stress resistance phenotypes. The variable distribution of L. monocytogenes molecular subtypes with respect to food products and processing environments and among human and animal clinical listeriosis cases is observed. Sixty-two clinical and food-associated L. monocytogenes isolates were examined through phenome and genome analysis. Virulence assessed using a zebrafish infection model revealed serotype and genotype-specific differences in pathogenicity. Strains of genetic lineage I serotype 4b and multilocus sequence type clonal complexes CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 grew and survived better and were more virulent than serotype 1/2a and 1/2c lineage II, CC8, and CC9 strains. Hemolysis, phospholipase activity, and lysozyme tolerance profiles were associated with the differences observed in virulence. Osmotic stress resistance evaluation revealed serotype 4b lineage I CC2 and CC4 strains as more osmotolerant, whereas serotype 1/2c lineage II CC9 strains were more osmo-sensitive than others. Variable tolerance to the widely used quaternary ammonium compound benzalkonium chloride (BC) was observed. Some outbreak and sporadic clinical case associated strains demonstrated BC tolerance, which might have contributed to their survival and transition in the food-processing environment facilitating food product contamination and ultimately outbreaks or sporadic listeriosis cases. Genome comparison uncovered various moderate differences in virulence and stress associated genes between the strains indicating that these differences in addition to gene expression regulation variations might largely be responsible for the observed virulence and stress sensitivity phenotypic differences. Overall, our study uncovered strain and genotype-dependent variation in virulence and stress resilience among clinical and food-associated L. monocytogenes isolates with potential public health risk implications. The extensive genome and phenotypic data generated provide a basis for developing improved Listeria control strategies and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Athmanya K Eshwar
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, Dessaux C, García-del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Ortega AD. Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence 2021; 12:2509-2545. [PMID: 34612177 PMCID: PMC8496543 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Charlotte Dessaux
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’. Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro D. Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Rhizobacteria Impact Colonization of Listeria monocytogenes on Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0141121. [PMID: 34550783 PMCID: PMC8579980 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01411-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of its relevance as a foodborne pathogen, we have limited knowledge about Listeria monocytogenes in the environment. L. monocytogenes outbreaks have been linked to fruits and vegetables; thus, a better understanding of the factors influencing its ability to colonize plants is important. We tested how environmental factors and other soil- and plant-associated bacteria influenced L. monocytogenes' ability to colonize plant roots using Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in a hydroponic growth system. We determined that the successful root colonization of L. monocytogenes 10403S was modestly but significantly enhanced by the bacterium being pregrown at higher temperatures, and this effect was independent of the biofilm and virulence regulator PrfA. We tested 14 rhizosphere-derived bacteria for their impact on L. monocytogenes 10403S, identifying one that enhanced and 10 that inhibited the association of 10403S with plant roots. We also characterized the outcomes of these interactions under both coinoculation and invasion conditions. We characterized the physical requirements of five of these rhizobacteria to impact the association of L. monocytogenes 10403S with roots, visualizing one of these interactions by microscopy. Furthermore, we determined that two rhizobacteria (one an inhibitor, the other an enhancer of 10403S root association) were able to similarly impact 10 different L. monocytogenes strains, indicating that the effects of these rhizobacteria on L. monocytogenes are not strain specific. Taken together, our results advance our understanding of the parameters that affect L. monocytogenes plant root colonization, knowledge that may enable us to deter its association with and, thus, downstream contamination of, food crops. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment, being found in or on soil, water, plants, and wildlife. However, little is known about the requirements for L. monocytogenes' existence in these settings. Recent L. monocytogenes outbreaks have been associated with contaminated produce; thus, we used a plant colonization model to investigate factors that alter L. monocytogenes' ability to colonize plant roots. We show that L. monocytogenes colonization of roots was enhanced when grown at higher temperatures prior to inoculation but did not require a known regulator of virulence and biofilm formation. Additionally, we identified several rhizobacteria that altered the ability of 11 different strains of L. monocytogenes to colonize plant roots. Understanding the factors that impact L. monocytogenes physiology and growth will be crucial for finding mechanisms (whether chemical or microbial) that enable its removal from plant surfaces to reduce L. monocytogenes contamination of produce and eliminate foodborne illness.
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Jaramillo-Bedoya E, Trujillo-Alzate YA, Ocampo-Ibáñez ID. Surveillance of Fresh Artisanal Cheeses Revealed High Levels of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination in the Department of Quindío, Colombia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101341. [PMID: 34684290 PMCID: PMC8537478 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Because outbreaks of listeriosis are associated with the ingestion of contaminated dairy products, surveillance of artisanal cheeses to detect the presence of this microorganism is necessary. We collected three types of artisanal non-acid fresh cheese (Campesino, Costeño, and Cuajada) from 12 municipalities of the Department of Quindío, Colombia. L. monocytogenes was identified using VIDAS® and confirmed with API® Listeria Rapid Kit. L. monocytogenes was detected in 104 (53.6%) of the 194 artisanal fresh-cheese samples analyzed. The highest percentages of contamination were detected in Salento (90.9%), Calracá (65.5%), Armenia (64.9%), and Filandia (50%). A significant association between municipality and contamination with L. monocytogenes was identified. However, no association could be established between the type of cheese and the occurrence of the bacterium. This is the first study on the presence of L. monocytogenes in artisanal fresh cheeses sold in the municipalities of the Department of Quindío, and the findings revealed very high percentages of contaminated samples. The presence of L. monocytogenes in artisanal cheeses remains a public health threat in developing countries, especially Colombia, where existing legislation does not require the surveillance of L. monocytogenes in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jaramillo-Bedoya
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental, Secretaría de Salud Departamental del Quindío, Gobernación del Quindío, Armenia 630008, Colombia; (E.J.-B.); (Y.A.T.-A.)
| | - Yenny Alexandra Trujillo-Alzate
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental, Secretaría de Salud Departamental del Quindío, Gobernación del Quindío, Armenia 630008, Colombia; (E.J.-B.); (Y.A.T.-A.)
| | - Iván Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment (GIMIA), Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-518-3000
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Listeriolysin S: A bacteriocin from Listeria monocytogenes that induces membrane permeabilization in a contact-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108155118. [PMID: 34599102 PMCID: PMC8501752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108155118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a bacterial pathogen that causes listeriosis, a foodborne disease characterized by gastroenteritis, meningitis, bacteremia, and abortions in pregnant women. The most severe human listeriosis outbreaks are associated with a subset of Lm hypervirulent clones that encode the bacteriocin Listeriolysin S (LLS), which modifies the gut microbiota and allows efficient Lm gut colonization and invasion of deeper organs. Our present work identifies the killing mechanism displayed by LLS to outcompete gut commensal bacteria, demonstrating that it induces membrane permeabilization and membrane depolarization of target bacteria. Moreover, we show that LLS is a thiazole/oxazole–modified microcin that displays a contact-dependent inhibition mechanism. Listeriolysin S (LLS) is a thiazole/oxazole–modified microcin (TOMM) produced by hypervirulent clones of Listeria monocytogenes. LLS targets specific gram-positive bacteria and modulates the host intestinal microbiota composition. To characterize the mechanism of LLS transfer to target bacteria and its bactericidal function, we first investigated its subcellular distribution in LLS-producer bacteria. Using subcellular fractionation assays, transmission electron microscopy, and single-molecule superresolution microscopy, we identified that LLS remains associated with the bacterial cell membrane and cytoplasm and is not secreted to the bacterial extracellular space. Only living LLS-producer bacteria (and not purified LLS-positive bacterial membranes) display bactericidal activity. Applying transwell coculture systems and microfluidic-coupled microscopy, we determined that LLS requires direct contact between LLS-producer and -target bacteria in order to display bactericidal activity, and thus behaves as a contact-dependent bacteriocin. Contact-dependent exposure to LLS leads to permeabilization/depolarization of the target bacterial cell membrane and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. Additionally, we show that lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) can interact with LLS and that LTA decorations influence bacterial susceptibility to LLS. Overall, our results suggest that LLS is a TOMM that displays a contact-dependent inhibition mechanism.
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Sun Q, Cai S, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Lin R, Ye Q, Xue L, Zeng H, Lei T, Zhang S, Luo X, Wu K, Wu Q, Chen M, Zhang J. Distribution, contamination routes, and seasonal influence of persistent Listeria monocytogenes in a commercial fresh Hypsizigus marmoreus production facility. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Virulence Pattern Analysis of Three Listeria monocytogenes Lineage I Epidemic Strains with Distinct Outbreak Histories. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081745. [PMID: 34442824 PMCID: PMC8399138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of the food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes have diverse virulence potential. This study focused on the virulence of three outbreak strains: the CC1 strain PF49 (serovar 4b) from a cheese-associated outbreak in Switzerland, the clinical CC2 strain F80594 (serovar 4b), and strain G6006 (CC3, serovar 1/2a), responsible for a large gastroenteritis outbreak in the USA due to chocolate milk. We analysed the genomes and characterized the virulence in vitro and in vivo. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a high conservation of the major virulence genes. Minor deviations of the gene contents were found in the autolysins Ami, Auto, and IspC. Moreover, different ActA variants were present. Strain PF49 and F80594 showed prolonged survival in the liver of infected mice. Invasion and intracellular proliferation were similar for all strains, but the CC1 and CC2 strains showed increased spreading in intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells compared to strain G6006. Overall, this study revealed long-term survival of serovar 4b strains F80594 and PF49 in the liver of mice. Future work will be needed to determine the genes and molecular mechanism behind the long-term survival of L. monocytogenes strains in organs.
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Pombinho R, Pinheiro J, Resende M, Meireles D, Jalkanen S, Sousa S, Cabanes D. Stabilin-1 plays a protective role against Listeria monocytogenes infection through the regulation of cytokine and chemokine production and immune cell recruitment. Virulence 2021; 12:2088-2103. [PMID: 34374322 PMCID: PMC8366540 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1958606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors are part of a complex surveillance system expressed by host cells to efficiently orchestrate innate immune response against bacterial infections. Stabilin-1 (STAB-1) is a scavenger receptor involved in cell trafficking, inflammation, and cancer; however, its role in infection remains to be elucidated. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a major intracellular human food-borne pathogen causing severe infections in susceptible hosts. Using a mouse model of infection, we demonstrate here that STAB-1 controls Lm-induced cytokine and chemokine production and immune cell accumulation in Lm-infected organs. We show that STAB-1 also regulates the recruitment of myeloid cells in response to Lm infection and contributes to clear circulating bacteria. In addition, whereas STAB-1 appears to promote bacterial uptake by macrophages, infection by pathogenic Listeria induces the down regulation of STAB-1 expression and its delocalization from the host cell membrane. We propose STAB-1 as a new SR involved in the control of Lm infection through the regulation of host defense mechanisms, a process that would be targeted by bacterial virulence factors to promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pombinho
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pinheiro
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Resende
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Microbiology and Immunology of Infection, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Meireles
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde - i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
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Janež N, Škrlj B, Sterniša M, Klančnik A, Sabotič J. The role of the Listeria monocytogenes surfactome in biofilm formation. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1269-1281. [PMID: 34106516 PMCID: PMC8313260 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a highly pathogenic foodborne bacterium that is ubiquitous in the natural environment and capable of forming persistent biofilms in food processing environments. This species has a rich repertoire of surface structures that enable it to survive, adapt and persist in various environments and promote biofilm formation. We review current understanding and advances on how L. monocytogenes organizes its surface for biofilm formation on surfaces associated with food processing settings, because they may be an important target for development of novel antibiofilm compounds. A synthesis of the current knowledge on the role of Listeria surfactome, comprising peptidoglycan, teichoic acids and cell wall proteins, during biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces is provided. We consider indications gained from genome-wide studies and discuss surfactome structures with established mechanistic aspects in biofilm formation. Additionally, we look at the analogies to the species L. innocua, which is closely related to L. monocytogenes and often used as its model (surrogate) organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Janež
- Department of BiotechnologyJožef Stefan InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Blaž Škrlj
- Department of Knowledge TechnologiesJožef Stefan InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate SchoolLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Meta Sterniša
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyBiotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyBiotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of BiotechnologyJožef Stefan InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
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Stavru F, Riemer J, Jex A, Sassera D. When bacteria meet mitochondria: The strange case of the tick symbiont Midichloria mitochondrii †. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13189. [PMID: 32185904 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key eukaryotic organelles that perform several essential functions. Not surprisingly, many intracellular bacteria directly or indirectly target mitochondria, interfering with innate immunity, energy production or apoptosis, to make the host cell a more hospitable niche for bacterial replication. The alphaproteobacterium Midichloria mitochondrii has taken mitochondrial targeting to another level by physically colonising mitochondria, as shown by transmission electron micrographs of bacteria residing in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. This unique localization provokes a number of questions around the mechanisms allowing, and reasons driving intramitochondrial tropism. We suggest possible scenarios that could lead to this peculiar localization and hypothesize potential costs and benefits of mitochondrial colonisation for the bacterium and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Stavru
- Unité de Biologie Evolutive de la Cellule Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL6002, Paris, France
| | - Jan Riemer
- Department for Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aaron Jex
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Davide Sassera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Krawczyk-Balska A, Ładziak M, Burmistrz M, Ścibek K, Kallipolitis BH. RNA-Mediated Control in Listeria monocytogenes: Insights Into Regulatory Mechanisms and Roles in Metabolism and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:622829. [PMID: 33935989 PMCID: PMC8079631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.622829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen that is well known for its adaptability to life in a broad spectrum of different niches. RNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in L. monocytogenes play important roles in successful adaptation providing fast and versatile responses to a changing environment. Recent findings indicate that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate a variety of processes in this bacterium, such as environmental sensing, metabolism and virulence, as well as immune responses in eukaryotic cells. In this review, the current knowledge on RNA-mediated regulation in L. monocytogenes is presented, with special focus on the roles and mechanisms underlying modulation of metabolism and virulence. Collectively, these findings point to ncRNAs as important gene regulatory elements in L. monocytogenes, both outside and inside an infected host. However, the involvement of regulatory ncRNAs in bacterial physiology and virulence is still underestimated and probably will be better assessed in the coming years, especially in relation to discovering the regulatory functions of 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions and excludons, and by exploring the role of ncRNAs in interaction with both bacterial and host proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Krawczyk-Balska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ładziak
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Burmistrz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ścibek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Birgitte H Kallipolitis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Aslan H, Petersen ME, De Berardinis A, Zacho Brunhede M, Khan N, Vergara A, Kallipolitis B, Meyer RL. Activation of the Two-Component System LisRK Promotes Cell Adhesion and High Ampicillin Tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618174. [PMID: 33584621 PMCID: PMC7873292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen which can survive in harsh environmental conditions. It responds to external stimuli through an array of two-component systems (TCS) that sense external cues. Several TCS, including LisRK, have been linked to Listeria’s ability to grow at slightly elevated antibiotic levels. The aim of this study was to determine if the TCS LisRK is also involved in acquiring the high antibiotic tolerance that is characteristic of persister cells. LisRK activates a response that leads to remodeling of the cell envelope, and we therefore hypothesized that activation of LisRK could also increase in the cells’ adhesiveness and initiate the first step in biofilm formation. We used a ΔlisR mutant to study antibiotic tolerance in the presence and absence of LisRK, and a GFP reporter strain to visualize the activation of LisRK in L. monocytogenes LO28 at a single-cell level. LisRK was activated in most cells in stationary phase cultures. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that LisRK was required for the generation of ampicillin tolerance under these conditions. The wildtype strain tolerated exposure to ampicillin at 1,000 × inhibitory levels for 24 h, and the fraction of surviving cells was 20,000-fold higher in the wildtype strain compared to the ΔlisR mutant. The same protection was not offered to other antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline), and the mechanism for antibiotic tolerance is thus highly specific. Furthermore, quantification of bacterial attachment rates and attachment force also revealed that the absence of a functional LisRK rendered the cells less adhesive. Hence, LisRK TCS promotes multiple protective mechanisms simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsnü Aslan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Maja Zacho Brunhede
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nasar Khan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alberto Vergara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Birgitte Kallipolitis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Autophagy-A Story of Bacteria Interfering with the Host Cell Degradation Machinery. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020110. [PMID: 33499114 PMCID: PMC7911818 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved and fundamental cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis through recycling of defective organelles or proteins. In a response to intracellular pathogens, autophagy further acts as an innate immune response mechanism to eliminate pathogens. This review will discuss recent findings on autophagy as a reaction to intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Interestingly, while some of these bacteria have developed methods to use autophagy for their own benefit within the cell, others have developed fascinating mechanisms to evade recognition, to subvert the autophagic pathway, or to escape from autophagy.
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Zhang H, Chen W, Wang J, Xu B, Liu H, Dong Q, Zhang X. 10-Year Molecular Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in Shanghai, China, 2009-2019. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:551020. [PMID: 33384664 PMCID: PMC7769869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.551020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an etiologic agent of listeriosis, and has emerged as an important foodborne pathogen worldwide. In this study, the molecular characteristics of 155 L. monocytogenes isolates from seven food groups in Shanghai, the biggest city in China, were identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Most L. monocytogenes isolates (79.3%) were obtained between May and October from 2009 to 2019. The serogroups and clonal complexes (CCs) of L. monocytogenes were found useful for identifying potential health risks linked to foods. Differences in distributions of serogroups and CCs among different food groups were analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the IIa and IVb serogroups were identified among most of food groups. However, the prevalence of serogroup IIb was significantly higher in ready-to-eat (RTE) food and raw seafood than in other food groups, similar to group IIc in raw meat and raw poultry than others. Meanwhile, the prevalence of CC9 in raw meat and raw poultry, CC8 in raw poultry, and CC87 in raw seafood significantly exceeded that of in other food groups. Specially, CC87 was the predominant CC in foodborne and clinical isolates in China, indicating that raw seafood may induce a high-risk to food safety. Also, hypervirulence pathogenicity islands LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were found in CC3, CC1, and CC87, respectively. The clonal group CC619 carried LIPI-3 and LIPI-4, as previously reported in China. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis suggested that CC87 isolates from the same food groups in different years had no allelic differences, indicating that L. monocytogenes could persist over years. These 10-year results in Shanghai underscore the significance of molecular epidemiological surveillance of L. monocytogenes in foodborne products in assessing the potential risk of this pathogen, and further address food safety issues in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyao Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Virulence characterization and comparative genomics of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 155 strains. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:847. [PMID: 33256601 PMCID: PMC7708227 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria (L.) monocytogenes strains show a high diversity regarding stress tolerance and virulence potential. Genome studies have mainly focused on specific sequence types (STs) predominantly associated with either food or human listeriosis. This study focused on the prevalent ST155, showing equal distribution among clinical and food isolates. We evaluated the virulence potential of 20 ST155 strains and performed comparative genomic analysis of 130 ST155 strains isolated from food, food processing environments and human listeriosis cases in different countries and years. RESULTS The in vitro virulence assays using human intestinal epithelial Caco2 and hepatocytic HEPG2 cells showed an impaired virulence phenotype for six of the 20 selected ST155 strains. Genome analysis revealed no distinct clustering of strains from the same source category (food, food processing environment, and clinical isolates). All strains harbored an intact inlA and inlB locus, except four strains, which had an internal deletion in the inlA gene. All strains harbored LIPI-1, but prfA was present in a longer variant in six strains, all showing impaired virulence. The longer PrfA variant resulted in lower expression of inlA, inlB, and prfA, and no expression of hly and actA. Regarding stress-related gene content, SSI-1 was present, whereas qacH was absent in all strains. 34.6% of the strains harbored a plasmid. All but one ST155 plasmids showed high conservation and harbored cadA2, bcrABC, and a triphenylmethane reductase. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to an enhanced understanding of L. monocytogenes ST155 strains, being equally distributed among isolates from humans, food, and food processing environments. The conservation of the present genetic traits and the absence of unique inherent genetic features makes these types of STs especially interesting since they are apparently equally adapted to the conditions in food processing environments, as well as in food as to the human host environment. However, a ST155-specific mutation resulting in a longer PrfA variant impaired the virulence potential of several ST155 strains.
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An agent-based simulator for the gastrointestinal pathway of Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108776. [PMID: 32693315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed an agent-based gastric simulator for a human host to illustrate the within host survival mechanisms of Listeria monocytogenes. The simulator incorporates the gastric physiology and digestion processes that are critical for pathogen survival in the stomach. Mathematical formulations for the pH dynamics, stomach emptying time, and survival probability in the presence of gastric acid are integrated in the simulator to evaluate the portion of ingested bacteria that survives in the stomach and reaches the small intestine. The parameters are estimated using in vitro data relevant to the human stomach and L. monocytogenes. The simulator predicts that 5%-29% of ingested bacteria can survive a human stomach and reach the small intestine. In the absence of extensive scientific experiments, which are not feasible on the grounds of ethical and safety concerns, this simulator may provide a supplementary tool to evaluate pathogen survival and subsequent infection, especially with regards to the ingestion of small doses.
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Gómez-Laguna J, Cardoso-Toset F, Meza-Torres J, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Quereda JJ. Virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes strains recovered from pigs in Spain. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e101. [PMID: 33024008 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes listeriosis, an infectious disease in animals and people, with pigs acting as asymptomatic reservoirs. In August 2019 an outbreak associated with the consumption of pork meat caused 222 human cases of listeriosis in Spain. Determining the diversity as well as the virulence potential of strains from pigs is important to public health. METHODS The behaviour of 23 L monocytogenes strains recovered from pig tonsils, meat and skin was compared by studying (1) internalin A, internalin B, listeriolysin O, actin assembly-inducing protein and PrfA expression levels, and (2) their invasion and intracellular growth in eukaryotic cells. RESULTS Marked differences were found in the expression of the selected virulence factors and the invasion and intracellular replication phenotypes of L monocytogenes strains. Strains obtained from meat samples and belonging to serotype 1/2a did not have internalin A anchored to the peptidoglycan. Some strains expressed higher levels of the studied virulence factors and invaded and replicated intracellularly more efficiently than an epidemic L monocytogenes reference strain (F2365). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the presence of virulent L monocytogenes strains with virulent potential in pigs, with valuable implications in veterinary medicine and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Jazmín Meza-Torres
- Yersinia Research Unit, Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Yersinia Research Unit, Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- World Health Organization Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Plague, Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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45
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Zhang J, Wang S, Abee T, van der Veen S. Role of Base Excision Repair in Listeria monocytogenes DNA Stress Survival During Infections. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:721-732. [PMID: 32644146 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Base excision repair (BER), consisting mostly of lesion-specific DNA glycosylases and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases, is one of the most important DNA repair mechanisms for repair of single nucleobase lesions generated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as part of an immune response against bacterial infections. However, few studies have addressed the contribution of BER to bacterial virulence and Listeria monocytogenes BER has thus far remained completely uncharacterized. METHODS Analysis of the L. monocytogenes EGDe genome identified 7 DNA glycosylases (MutM, MutY, Nth, Tag, Mpg, Ung, and Ung2) and 2 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases (Xth and Nfo) as part of BER. Markerless in-frame deletion mutants were generated for all 9 genes, and mutants were tested for DNA damage survival, mutagenesis, and the ability to colonize a mouse model of infection. RESULTS Distinct lesion-specific phenotypes were identified for all deletion mutants. Importantly, the Δnth, ΔmutY, and Δnfo mutants were significantly attenuated for virulence in the mouse model and showed much lower colonization of the liver and spleen or were unable to compete with the wild-type strain during in vivo competition assays. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of BER for L. monocytogenes virulence and survival of DNA-damaging insults during host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn van der Veen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pombinho R, Vieira A, Camejo A, Archambaud C, Cossart P, Sousa S, Cabanes D. Virulence gene repression promotes Listeria monocytogenes systemic infection. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:868-881. [PMID: 31955655 PMCID: PMC7524345 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1712983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of bacterial pathogens to infect their hosts depends on the tight spatiotemporal regulation of virulence genes. The Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) metal efflux pump repressor CadC is highly expressed during late infection stages, modulating lipoprotein processing and host immune response. Here we investigate the potential of CadC as broad repressor of virulence genes. We show that CadC represses the expression of the bile salt hydrolase impairing Lm resistance to bile. During late infection, in absence of CadC-dependent repression, the constitutive bile salt hydrolase expression induces the overexpression of the cholic acid efflux pump MdrT that is unfavorable to Lm virulence. We establish the CadC regulon and show that CadC represses additional virulence factors activated by σB during colonization of the intestinal lumen. CadC is thus a general repressor that promotes Lm virulence by down-regulating, at late infection stages, genes required for survival in the gastrointestinal tract. This demonstrates for the first time how bacterial pathogens can repurpose regulators to spatiotemporally repress virulence genes and optimize their infectious capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pombinho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Vieira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Camejo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristel Archambaud
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, INSERM U604 and INRA USC2020, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, INSERM U604 and INRA USC2020, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Cell Biology of Bacterial Infections, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - IBMC, Porto, Portugal,CONTACT Didier Cabanes i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Group of Molecular Microbiology, Rua do Campo Rua Alfredo Allen, 2084200-135Porto, Portugal
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Li G, Wang G, Li M, Li L, Liu H, Sun M, Wen Z. Morin inhibits Listeria monocytogenes virulence in vivo and in vitro by targeting listeriolysin O and inflammation. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:112. [PMID: 32398085 PMCID: PMC7216731 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a global opportunistic intracellular pathogen that can cause many infections, including meningitis and abortion in humans and animals; thus, L. monocytogenes poses a great threat to public safety and the development of the aquaculture industry. The isolation rate of Listeria monocytogenes in fishery products has always been high. And the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) is one of the most important virulence factors of L. monocytogenes. LLO can promote cytosolic bacterial proliferation and help the pathogen evade attacks from the host immune system. In addition, L. monocytogenes infection can trigger a series of severe inflammatory reactions. RESULTS Here, we further confirmed that morin lacking anti-Listeria activity could inhibit LLO oligomerization. We also found that morin can effectively alleviate the inflammation induced by Listeria in vivo and in vitro and exerted an obvious protective effect on infected cells and mice. CONCLUSIONS Morin does not possess anti-Listeria activity, neither does it interfere with secretion of LLO. However, morin inhibits oligomerisation of LLO and morin does reduce the inflammation caused during Listeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Meiyang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongmei Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Rakic Martinez M, Ferguson M, Datta AR. Virulence assessment of Listeria monocytogenes grown in different foods using a Galleria mellonella model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232485. [PMID: 32357157 PMCID: PMC7194400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various produce including cantaloupe, caramel-coated apples, and packaged salads, have been recognized in recent years as vehicles for listeriosis, a human foodborne disease caused by intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Our knowledge regarding the role of these foods in L. monocytogenes virulence, however, is limited. Understanding their role in modulating L. monocytogenes virulence can be useful in risk assessments and for developing control measures. In this study, we employed the Galleria mellonella larvae model to evaluate virulence potential of fifteen clinical, environmental and food isolates of L. monocytogenes, related to three major outbreaks, after growth on different foods. The non-human pathogen Listeria innocua was also included in the panel. Strains were inoculated in parallel in 5ml of brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, and on the surfaces of cantaloupe and apple fragments (5g each) at about 105 colony forming units (CFU)/ml/fragment. One set of inoculated broth and food fragments was incubated at 10°C for 5 days while the second set was kept at 25°C for 3 days. L. monocytogenes cells were recovered from the fruits and BHI, washed twice, re-suspended in saline, and used to inoculate G. mellonella larvae at final concentrations of 106 and 105 CFU/larva. The larvae were incubated at 37°C and monitored for mortality (LT50—time taken to kill 50% of the larvae) and phenotypic changes over seven days. L. monocytogenes grown on cantaloupe and apple flesh surfaces resulted in higher virulence than when grown in BHI. L. monocytogenes infection at 106 CFU/larvae resulted in an average LT50 of ≤ 30, 36 and 47 hours on cantaloupe, apples and BHI, respectively. These results represent a 2.5–4-fold increased mortality compared with an LT50 ≥120 hours in larvae infected with the same doses of L. innocua grown in corresponding matrices. Similar trends were also recorded with doses of about 105 CFU /larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rakic Martinez
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Martine Ferguson
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States of America
| | - Atin R. Datta
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States of America
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Contributions of a LysR Transcriptional Regulator to Listeria monocytogenes Virulence and Identification of Its Regulons. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00087-20. [PMID: 32179628 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00087-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of Listeria monocytogenes to adapt to environmental changes is facilitated by a large number of regulatory proteins encoded by its genome. Among these proteins are the uncharacterized LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs). LTTRs can work as positive and/or negative transcription regulators at both local and global genetic levels. Previously, our group determined by comparative genome analysis that one member of the LTTRs (NCBI accession no. WP_003734782) was present in pathogenic strains but absent from nonpathogenic strains. The goal of the present study was to assess the importance of this transcription factor in the virulence of L. monocytogenes strain F2365 and to identify its regulons. An L. monocytogenes strain lacking lysR (the F2365ΔlysR strain) displayed significant reductions in cell invasion of and adhesion to Caco-2 cells. In plaque assays, the deletion of lysR resulted in a 42.86% decrease in plaque number and a 13.48% decrease in average plaque size. Furthermore, the deletion of lysR also attenuated the virulence of L. monocytogenes in mice following oral and intraperitoneal inoculation. The analysis of transcriptomics revealed that the transcript levels of 139 genes were upregulated, while 113 genes were downregulated in the F2365ΔlysR strain compared to levels in the wild-type bacteria. lysR-repressed genes included ABC transporters, important for starch and sucrose metabolism as well as glycerolipid metabolism, flagellar assembly, quorum sensing, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Conversely, lysR activated the expression of genes related to fructose and mannose metabolism, cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, and beta-lactam resistance. These data suggested that lysR contributed to L. monocytogenes virulence by broad impact on multiple pathways of gene expression.IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, an infectious and fatal disease of animals and humans. In this study, we have shown that lysR contributes to Listeria pathogenesis and replication in cell lines. We also highlight the importance of lysR in regulating the transcription of genes involved in different pathways that might be essential for the growth and persistence of L. monocytogenes in the host or under nutrient limitation. Better understanding L. monocytogenes pathogenesis and the role of various virulence factors is necessary for further development of prevention and control strategies.
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50
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Meireles D, Pombinho R, Carvalho F, Sousa S, Cabanes D. Listeria monocytogenes Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Promotes Surface Anchoring of Virulence Factors, Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides, and Decreased Susceptibility to Antibiotics. Pathogens 2020; 9:E290. [PMID: 32316182 PMCID: PMC7238011 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a major intracellular foodborne bacterial pathogen, comprises a thick peptidoglycan layer that serves as a scaffold for glycopolymers such as wall teichoic acids (WTAs). WTAs contain non-essential sugar substituents whose absence prevents bacteriophage binding and impacts antigenicity, sensitivity to antimicrobials, and virulence. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the triple function of Lm WTA glycosylations in the following: (1) supporting the correct anchoring of major Lm virulence factors at the bacterial surface, namely Ami and InlB; (2) promoting Lm resistance to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); and (3) decreasing Lm sensitivity to some antibiotics. We showed that while the decoration of WTAs by rhamnose in Lm serovar 1/2a and by galactose in serovar 4b are important for the surface anchoring of Ami and InlB, N-acetylglucosamine in serovar 1/2a and glucose in serovar 4b are dispensable for the surface association of InlB or InlB/Ami. We found that the absence of a single glycosylation only had a slight impact on the sensibility of Lm to AMPs and antibiotics, however the concomitant deficiency of both glycosylations (rhamnose and N-acetylglucosamine in serovar 1/2a, and galactose and glucose in serovar 4b) significantly impaired the Lm capacity to overcome the action of antimicrobials. We propose WTA glycosylation as a broad mechanism used by Lm, not only to properly anchor surface virulence factors, but also to resist AMPs and antibiotics. WTA glycosyltransferases thus emerge as promising drug targets to attenuate the virulence of bacterial pathogens, while increasing their susceptibility to host immune defenses and potentiating the action of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Meireles
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (R.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, IBMC–Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pombinho
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (R.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, IBMC–Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Carvalho
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (R.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, IBMC–Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (R.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
- Cell Biology of Bacterial Infections Group, IBMC–Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (R.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, IBMC–Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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