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Komorowski L, Dabkowska A, Madzio J, Pastorczak A, Szczygiel K, Janowska M, Fidyt K, Bielecki M, Hunia J, Bajor M, Stoklosa T, Winiarska M, Patkowska E, Firczuk M. Concomitant inhibition of the thioredoxin system and nonhomologous DNA repair potently sensitizes Philadelphia-positive lymphoid leukemia to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e56. [PMID: 38486859 PMCID: PMC10938465 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR::ABL1) gene fusion is an essential oncogene in both chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in up to 95% of CML patients, 50% of Ph+ B-ALL cases do not respond to treatment or relapse. This calls for new therapeutic approaches for Ph+ B-ALL. Previous studies have shown that inhibitors of the thioredoxin (TXN) system exert antileukemic activity against B-ALL cells, particularly in combination with other drugs. Here, we present that peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), one of the enzymes of the TXN system, is upregulated in Ph+ lymphoid as compared to Ph+ myeloid cells. PRDX1 knockout negatively affects the viability of Ph+ B-ALL cells and sensitizes them to TKIs. Analysis of global gene expression changes in imatinib-treated, PRDX1-deficient cells revealed that the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair is a novel vulnerability of Ph+ B-ALL cells. Accordingly, PRDX1-deficient Ph+ B-ALL cells were susceptible to NHEJ inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrated the potent efficacy of a novel combination of TKIs, TXN inhibitors, and NHEJ inhibitors against Ph+ B-ALL cell lines and primary cells, which can be further investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Ph+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Komorowski
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular MedicineMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Dabkowska
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Joanna Madzio
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and HematologyMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and HematologyMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Kacper Szczygiel
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Polpharma Biologics SAGdańskPoland
| | - Martyna Janowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Department of PsychologySWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsawPoland
| | - Jaromir Hunia
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | | | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
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Wu JH, Lee JC, Ho CC, Chiu PW, Sun CH. A myeloid leukemia factor homolog is involved in tolerance to stresses and stress-induced protein metabolism in Giardia lamblia. Biol Direct 2023; 18:20. [PMID: 37095576 PMCID: PMC10127389 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eukaryotic membrane vesicles contain specific sets of proteins that determine vesicle function and shuttle with specific destination. Giardia lamblia contains unknown cytosolic vesicles that are related to the identification of a homolog of human myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) named MLF vesicles (MLFVs). Previous studies suggest that MLF also colocalized with two autophagy machineries, FYVE and ATG8-like protein, and that MLFVs are stress-induced compartments for substrates of the proteasome or autophagy in response to rapamycin, MG132, and chloroquine treatment. A mutant protein of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, CDK2m3, was used to understand whether the aberrant proteins are targeted to degradative compratments. Interestingly, MLF was upregulated by CDK2m3 and they both colocalized within the same vesicles. Autophagy is a self-digestion process that is activated to remove damaged proteins for preventing cell death in response to various stresses. Because of the absence of some autophagy machineries, the mechanism of autophagy is unclear in G. lamblia. RESULTS In this study, we tested the six autophagosome and stress inducers in mammalian cells, including MG132, rapamycin, chloroquine, nocodazole, DTT, and G418, and found that their treatment increased reactive oxygen species production and vesicle number and level of MLF, FYVE, and ATG8-like protein in G. lamblia. Five stress inducers also increased the CDK2m3 protein levels and vesicles. Using stress inducers and knockdown system for MLF, we identified that stress induction of CDK2m3 was positively regulated by MLF. An autophagosome-reducing agent, 3-methyl adenine, can reduce MLF and CDK2m3 vesicles and proteins. In addition, knockdown of MLF with CRISPR/Cas9 system reduced cell survival upon treatment with stress inducers. Our newly developed complementation system for CRISPR/Cas9 indicated that complementation of MLF restored cell survival in response to stress inducers. Furthermore, human MLF2, like Giardia MLF, can increase cyst wall protein expression and cyst formation in G. lamblia, and it can colocalize with MLFVs and interact with MLF. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MLF family proteins are functionally conserved in evolution. Our results also suggest an important role of MLF in survival in stress conditions and that MLFVs share similar stress-induced characteristics with autophagy compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Chi Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Che Ho
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Wei Chiu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Hung Sun
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Li Z, Yang Y, Wu K, Li Y, Shi M. Myeloid leukemia factor 1: A "double-edged sword" in health and disease. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124978. [PMID: 36814822 PMCID: PMC9939472 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of malignancies are closely related to abnormal cell cycle regulation. Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is a small nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein associated with cell cycle exit, apoptosis, and certain immune functions. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore the role of MLF1 in health and diseases. Studies to date have suggested that MLF1 could act as a double-edged sword, regulating biochemical activities directly or indirectly. In hematopoietic cells, it serves as a protective factor for the development of lineages, and in malignancies, it serves as an oncogenesis factor. The diversity of its functions depends on the binding partners, including tumor inhibitors, scaffolding molecules, mitochondrial membrane proteins, and transcription factors. Emerging evidence indicates that MLF1 influences immune responses as well. This paper reviews the structure, biological function, and research progress on MLF1 in health and diseases to provide new insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Mingxia Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Mingxia Shi,
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Luo W, Liu S, Zhang F, Zhao L, Su Y. Metabolic strategy of macrophages under homeostasis or immune stress in Drosophila. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:291-302. [PMID: 37073169 PMCID: PMC10077226 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are well known for their phagocytic functions in innate immunity across species. In mammals, they rapidly consume a large amount of energy by shifting their metabolism from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation toward aerobic glycolysis, to perform the effective bactericidal function upon infection. Meanwhile, they strive for sufficient energy resources by restricting systemic metabolism. In contrast, under nutrient deprivation, the macrophage population is down-regulated to save energy for survival. Drosophila melanogaster possesses a highly conserved and comparatively simple innate immune system. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown that Drosophila plasmatocytes, the macrophage-like blood cells, adopt comparable metabolic remodeling and signaling pathways to achieve energy reassignment when challenged by pathogens, indicating the conservation of such metabolic strategies between insects and mammals. Here, focusing on Drosophila macrophages (plasmatocytes), we review recent advances regarding their comprehensive roles in local or systemic metabolism under homeostasis or stress, emphasizing macrophages as critical players in the crosstalk between the immune system and organic metabolism from a Drosophila perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Luo
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Sumin Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (OUC), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ying Su
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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Ecovoiu AA, Ratiu AC, Micheu MM, Chifiriuc MC. Inter-Species Rescue of Mutant Phenotype—The Standard for Genetic Analysis of Human Genetic Disorders in Drosophila melanogaster Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052613. [PMID: 35269756 PMCID: PMC8909942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) is arguably a superstar of genetics, an astonishing versatile experimental model which fueled no less than six Nobel prizes in medicine. Nowadays, an evolving research endeavor is to simulate and investigate human genetic diseases in the powerful D. melanogaster platform. Such a translational experimental strategy is expected to allow scientists not only to understand the molecular mechanisms of the respective disorders but also to alleviate or even cure them. In this regard, functional gene orthology should be initially confirmed in vivo by transferring human or vertebrate orthologous transgenes in specific mutant backgrounds of D. melanogaster. If such a transgene rescues, at least partially, the mutant phenotype, then it qualifies as a strong candidate for modeling the respective genetic disorder in the fruit fly. Herein, we review various examples of inter-species rescue of relevant mutant phenotypes of the fruit fly and discuss how these results recommend several human genes as candidates to study and validate genetic variants associated with human diseases. We also consider that a wider implementation of this evolutionist exploratory approach as a standard for the medicine of genetic disorders would allow this particular field of human health to advance at a faster pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Al. Ecovoiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Attila Cristian Ratiu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722250366
| | - Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest and Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
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Wu JH, Tung SY, Ho CC, Su LH, Gan SW, Liao JY, Cho CC, Lin BC, Chiu PW, Pan YJ, Kao YY, Liu YC, Sun CH. A myeloid leukemia factor homolog involved in encystation-induced protein metabolism in Giardia lamblia. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129859. [PMID: 33581251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia lamblia differentiates into resistant cysts as an established model for dormancy. Myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) proteins are important regulators of cell differentiation. Giardia possesses a MLF homolog which was up-regulated during encystation and localized to unknown cytosolic vesicles named MLF vesicles (MLFVs). METHODS We used double staining for visualization of potential factors with role in protein metabolism pathway and a strategy that employed a deletion mutant, CDK2m3, to test the protein degradation pathway. We also explored whether autophagy or proteasomal degradation are regulators of Giardia encystation by treatment with MG132, rapamycin, or chloroquine. RESULTS Double staining of MLF and ISCU or CWP1 revealed no overlap between their vesicles. The aberrant CDK2m3 colocalized with MLFVs and formed complexes with MLF. MG132 increased the number of CDK2m3-localized vesicles and its protein level. We further found that MLF colocalized and interacted with a FYVE protein and an ATG8-like (ATG8L) protein, which were up-regulated during encystation and their expression induced Giardia encystation. The addition of MG132, rapamycin, or chloroquine, increased their levels and the number of their vesicles, and inhibited the cyst formation. MLF and FYVE were detected in exosomes released from culture. CONCLUSIONS The MLFVs are not mitosomes or encystation-specific vesicles, but are related with degradative pathway for CDK2m3. MLF, FYVE, and ATG8L play a positive role in encystation and function in protein clearance pathway, which is important for encystation and coordinated with Exosomes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE MLF, FYVE, and ATG8L may be involved an encystation-induced protein metabolism during Giardia differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Yu Tung
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Che Ho
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Hsin Su
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Soo-Wah Gan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jo-Yu Liao
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Cheng Cho
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo-Chi Lin
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Wei Chiu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Jiao Pan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Yun Kao
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Hung Sun
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC.
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Al Outa A, Abubaker D, Madi J, Nasr R, Shirinian M. The Leukemic Fly: Promises and Challenges. Cells 2020; 9:E1737. [PMID: 32708107 PMCID: PMC7409271 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia involves different types of blood cancers, which lead to significant mortality and morbidity. Murine models of leukemia have been instrumental in understanding the biology of the disease and identifying therapeutics. However, such models are time consuming and expensive in high throughput genetic and drug screening. Drosophilamelanogaster has emerged as an invaluable in vivo model for studying different diseases, including cancer. Fruit flies possess several hematopoietic processes and compartments that are in close resemblance to their mammalian counterparts. A number of studies succeeded in characterizing the fly's response upon the expression of human leukemogenic proteins in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. Moreover, some of these studies showed that these models are amenable to genetic screening. However, none were reported to be tested for drug screening. In this review, we describe the Drosophila hematopoietic system, briefly focusing on leukemic diseases in which fruit flies have been used. We discuss myeloid and lymphoid leukemia fruit fly models and we further highlight their roles for future therapeutic screening. In conclusion, fruit fly leukemia models constitute an interesting area which could speed up the process of integrating new therapeutics when complemented with mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Al Outa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Dana Abubaker
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Madi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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Koranteng F, Cha N, Shin M, Shim J. The Role of Lozenge in Drosophila Hematopoiesis. Mol Cells 2020; 43:114-120. [PMID: 31992020 PMCID: PMC7057836 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila hematopoiesis is comparable to mammalian differentiation of myeloid lineages, and therefore, has been a useful model organism in illustrating the molecular and genetic basis for hematopoiesis. Multiple novel regulators and signals have been uncovered using the tools of Drosophila genetics. A Runt domain protein, lozenge, is one of the first players recognized and closely studied in the hematopoietic lineage specification. Here, we explore the role of lozenge in determination of prohemocytes into a special class of hemocyte, namely the crystal cell, and discuss molecules and signals controlling the lozenge function and its implication in immunity and stress response. Given the highly conserved nature of Runt domain in both invertebrates and vertebrates, studies in Drosophila will enlighten our perspectives on Runx-mediated development and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuri Cha
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mingyu Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jiwon Shim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 0476, Korea
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The role of phosphorylation of MLF2 at serine 24 in BCR-ABL leukemogenesis. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:98-107. [PMID: 31831854 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder defined by the presence of the fusion gene BCR-ABL1 in primitive hematopoietic progenitors. The myeloid leukemia factors (MLFs) were identified in the fly and human, and are involved in acute leukemia and enhancing the myeloid factor; however, the function of MLF2 in CML is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that MLF2 may play an oncogenic role in CML. The expression level of MLF2 was related to the proliferation, colony-formation ability, and sensitivity to imatinib in K562 cells. Moreover, phosphorylation at serine 24, detected through Phos-tag sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was required to maintain the activity of MLF2 in CML. The effects of MLF2 overexpression on the colony-formation ability in vitro and mouse survival in vivo could be alleviated by point mutation of MLF2 at serine 24. These findings uncover the oncogenic role of MLF2 through phosphorylation at serine 24 and provide a novel therapeutic target in CML.
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10
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Development of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption systems in Giardia lamblia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213594. [PMID: 30856211 PMCID: PMC6411161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia lamblia becomes dormant by differentiation into a water-resistant cyst that can infect a new host. Synthesis of three cyst wall proteins (CWPs) is the fundamental feature of this differentiation. Myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) proteins are involved in cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis in mammals, but little is known about its role in protozoan parasites. We developed a CRISPR/Cas9 system to understand the role of MLF in Giardia. Due to the tetraploid genome in two nuclei of Giardia, it could be hard to disrupt a gene completely in Giardia. We only generated knockdown but not knockout mutants. We found that knockdown of the mlf gene resulted in a significant decrease of cwp gene expression and cyst formation, suggesting a positive role of MLF in encystation. We further used mlf as a model gene to improve the system. The addition of an inhibitor for NHEJ, Scr7, or combining all cassettes for gRNA and Cas9 expression into one plasmid resulted in improved gene disruption efficiencies and a significant decrease in cwp gene expression. Our results provide insights into a positive role of MLF in inducing Giardia differentiation and a useful tool for studies in Giardia.
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11
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Yamamoto I, Azuma Y, Kushimura Y, Yoshida H, Mizuta I, Mizuno T, Ueyama M, Nagai Y, Tokuda T, Yamaguchi M. NPM-hMLF1 fusion protein suppresses defects of a Drosophila FTLD model expressing the human FUS gene. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11291. [PMID: 30050143 PMCID: PMC6062494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) was identified as a component of typical inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In FTLD, both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions with wild-type FUS exist, while cytoplasmic inclusions with a mutant-form of FUS occur in many ALS cases. These observations imply that FUS plays a role across these two diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of several proteins including molecular chaperons on the aberrant eye morphology phenotype induced by overexpression of wild-type human FUS (hFUS) in Drosophila eye imaginal discs. By screening, we found that the co-expression of nucleophosmin–human myeloid leukemia factor 1 (NPM-hMLF1) fusion protein could suppress the aberrant eye morphology phenotype induced by hFUS. The driving of hFUS expression at 28 °C down-regulated levels of hFUS and endogenous cabeza, a Drosophila homolog of hFUS. The down-regulation was mediated by proteasome dependent degradation. Co-expression of NPM-hMLF1 suppressed this down-regulation. In addition, co-expression of NPM-hMLF1 partially rescued pharate adult lethal phenotype induced by hFUS in motor neurons. These findings with a Drosophila model that mimics FTLD provide clues for the development of novel FTLD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yumiko Azuma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yukie Kushimura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mizuta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Morio Ueyama
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan. .,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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12
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From Drosophila Blood Cells to Human Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1076:195-214. [PMID: 29951821 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0529-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system plays a critical role in establishing the proper response against invading pathogens or in removing cancerous cells. Furthermore, deregulations of the hematopoietic differentiation program are at the origin of numerous diseases including leukemia. Importantly, many aspects of blood cell development have been conserved from human to Drosophila. Hence, Drosophila has emerged as a potent genetic model to study blood cell development and leukemia in vivo. In this chapter, we give a brief overview of the Drosophila hematopoietic system, and we provide a protocol for the dissection and the immunostaining of the larval lymph gland, the most studied hematopoietic organ in Drosophila. We then focus on the various paradigms that have been used in fly to investigate how conserved genes implicated in leukemogenesis control blood cell development. Specific examples of Drosophila models for leukemia are presented, with particular attention to the most translational ones. Finally, we discuss some limitations and potential improvements of Drosophila models for studying blood cell cancer.
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13
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Wang X, Zhang Q, Cai Z, Dai Y, Mou L. Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111551-111566. [PMID: 29340074 PMCID: PMC5762342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is the most universal endocrine malignancy worldwide. Unfortunately, a limited number of large-scale analyses have been performed to identify biomarkers for THCA. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis using 505 THCA patients and 59 normal controls from The Cancer Genome Atlas. After identifying differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and protein coding genes (PCG), we found vast difference in various lncRNA-PCG co-expressed pairs in THCA. A dysregulation network with scale-free topology was constructed. Four molecules (LA16c-380H5.2, RP11-203J24.8, MLF1 and SDC4) could potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers of THCA with high sensitivity and specificity. We further represent a diagnostic panel with expression cutoff values. Our results demonstrate the potential application of those four molecules as novel independent biomarkers for THCA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Wang
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.,Department of Biochemistry in Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
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14
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Feng XW, Huo LJ, Sun JJ, Xu JD, Niu GJ, Wang JX, Shi XZ. Myeloid leukemia factor functions in anti-WSSV immune reaction of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:416-425. [PMID: 28916357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) plays an important role in development, cell cycle, myeloid differentiation, and regulates the RUNX transcription factors. However, the function of MLF in immunity is still unclear. In this study, an MLF was identified and characterized in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, and named as MjMLF. The full-length cDNA of MjMLF contained 1111 nucleotides, which had an opening reading frame of 816 bp encoding a protein of 272 amino acids with an MLF1-interacting protein domain. MjMLF could be ubiquitously detected in different tissues of shrimp at the transcriptional level. The expression pattern analysis showed that MjMLF could be upregulated in shrimp hemocytes and hepatopancreas after white spot syndrome virus challenge. The RNA interference and protein injection assay showed that MjMLF could inhibit WSSV replication in vivo. Flow cytometry assay showed that MjMLF could induce hemocytes apoptosis which functioned in the shrimp antiviral reaction. All the results suggested that MjMLF played an important role in the antiviral immune reaction of kuruma shrimp. The research indicated that MjMLF might function as a novel regulator to inhibit WSSV replication in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wu Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Li-Jie Huo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jie-Jie Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ji-Dong Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Guo-Juan Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
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15
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Miller M, Chen A, Gobert V, Augé B, Beau M, Burlet-Schiltz O, Haenlin M, Waltzer L. Control of RUNX-induced repression of Notch signaling by MLF and its partner DnaJ-1 during Drosophila hematopoiesis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006932. [PMID: 28742844 PMCID: PMC5549762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A tight regulation of transcription factor activity is critical for proper development. For instance, modifications of RUNX transcription factors dosage are associated with several diseases, including hematopoietic malignancies. In Drosophila, Myeloid Leukemia Factor (MLF) has been shown to control blood cell development by stabilizing the RUNX transcription factor Lozenge (Lz). However, the mechanism of action of this conserved family of proteins involved in leukemia remains largely unknown. Here we further characterized MLF's mode of action in Drosophila blood cells using proteomic, transcriptomic and genetic approaches. Our results show that MLF and the Hsp40 co-chaperone family member DnaJ-1 interact through conserved domains and we demonstrate that both proteins bind and stabilize Lz in cell culture, suggesting that MLF and DnaJ-1 form a chaperone complex that directly regulates Lz activity. Importantly, dnaj-1 loss causes an increase in Lz+ blood cell number and size similarly as in mlf mutant larvae. Moreover we find that dnaj-1 genetically interacts with mlf to control Lz level and Lz+ blood cell development in vivo. In addition, we show that mlf and dnaj-1 loss alters Lz+ cell differentiation and that the increase in Lz+ blood cell number and size observed in these mutants is caused by an overactivation of the Notch signaling pathway. Finally, using different conditions to manipulate Lz activity, we show that high levels of Lz are required to repress Notch transcription and signaling. All together, our data indicate that the MLF/DnaJ-1-dependent increase in Lz level allows the repression of Notch expression and signaling to prevent aberrant blood cell development. Thus our findings establish a functional link between MLF and the co-chaperone DnaJ-1 to control RUNX transcription factor activity and Notch signaling during blood cell development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Miller
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aichun Chen
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Gobert
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Augé
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Beau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Haenlin
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucas Waltzer
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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16
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Rangrez AY, Pott J, Kluge A, Frauen R, Stiebeling K, Hoppe P, Sossalla S, Frey N, Frank D. Myeloid leukemia factor-1 is a novel modulator of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:634-644. [PMID: 28087342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the identification of the gene expression profile of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs) after dynamic mechanical stretch through microarrays of RNA isolated from cells stretched for 2, 6 or 24h. In this analysis, myeloid leukemia factor-1 (MLF1) was found to be significantly downregulated during the course of stretch. We found that MLF1 is highly expressed in the heart, however, its cardiac function is unknown yet. In line with microarray data, MLF1 was profoundly downregulated in in vivo mouse models of cardiomyopathy, and also significantly reduced in the hearts of human patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Our data indicates that the overexpression of MLF1 in NRVCMs inhibited cell proliferation while augmenting apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of MLF1 protected NRVCMs from apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that knockdown of MLF1 protected NRVCMs from hypoxia-induced cell death. The observed accelerated apoptosis is attributed to the activation of caspase-3/-7/PARP-dependent apoptotic signaling and upregulation of p53. Most interestingly, MLF1 knockdown significantly upregulated the expression of D cyclins suggesting its possible role in cyclin-dependent cell proliferation. Taken together, we, for the first time, identified an important role for MLF1 in NRVCM proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jost Pott
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Annika Kluge
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Frauen
- University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Stiebeling
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Phillip Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Dyer JO, Dutta A, Gogol M, Weake VM, Dialynas G, Wu X, Seidel C, Zhang Y, Florens L, Washburn MP, Abmayr SM, Workman JL. Myeloid Leukemia Factor Acts in a Chaperone Complex to Regulate Transcription Factor Stability and Gene Expression. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:2093-2107. [PMID: 27984043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations that affect myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) proteins are associated with leukemia and several other cancers. However, with no strong homology to other proteins of known function, the role of MLF proteins in the cell has remained elusive. Here, we describe a proteomics approach that identifies MLF as a member of a nuclear chaperone complex containing a DnaJ protein, BCL2-associated anthanogene 2, and Hsc70. This complex associates with chromatin and regulates the expression of target genes. The MLF complex is bound to sites of nucleosome depletion and sites containing active chromatin marks (e.g., H3K4me3 and H3K4me1). Hence, MLF binding is enriched at promoters and enhancers. Additionally, the MLF-chaperone complex functions to regulate transcription factor stability, including the RUNX transcription factor involved in hematopoiesis. Although Hsc70 and other co-chaperones have been shown to play a role in nuclear translocation of a variety of proteins including transcription factors, our findings suggest that MLF and the associated co-chaperones play a direct role in modulating gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Dyer
- Department of Biology, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Arnob Dutta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Madelaine Gogol
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Vikki M Weake
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - George Dialynas
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xilan Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Susan M Abmayr
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Jerry L Workman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
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18
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Zdzieblo D, Li X, Lin Q, Zenke M, Illich DJ, Becker M, Müller AM. Pcgf6, a polycomb group protein, regulates mesodermal lineage differentiation in murine ESCs and functions in iPS reprogramming. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3112-25. [PMID: 25187489 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins comprise evolutionary conserved factors with essential functions for embryonic development and adult stem cells. PcG proteins constitute two main multiprotein polycomb repressive complexes (PRC1 and PRC2) that operate in a hierarchical manner to silence gene transcription. Functionally distinct PRC1 complexes are defined by Polycomb group RING finger protein (Pcgf) paralogs. So far, six Pcgf paralogs (Pcgf1-6) have been identified as defining components of different PCR1-type complexes. Paralog-specific functions are not well understood. Here, we show that Pcgf6 is the only Pcgf paralog with high expression in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Upon differentiation Pcgf6 expression declines. Following Pcgf6 kockdown (KD) in ESCs, the expression of pluripotency genes decreased, while mesodermal- and spermatogenesis-specific genes were derepressed. Concomitantly with the elevated expression of mesodermal lineage markers, Pcgf6 KD ESCs showed increased hemangioblastic and hematopoietic activities upon differentiation suggesting a function of Pcgf6 in repressing mesodermal-specific lineage genes. Consistant with a role in pluripotency, Pcgf6 replaced Sox2 in the generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Furthermore, Pcgf6 KD in mouse embryonic fibroblasts reduced the formation of ESC-like colonies in OSKM-driven reprogramming. Together, these analyses indicate that Pcgf6 is nonredundantly involved in maintaining the pluripotent nature of ESCs and it functions in iPS reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zdzieblo
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Sun Y, Fu A, Xu W, Chao JR, Moshiach S, Morris SW. Myeloid leukemia factor 1 interfered with Bcl-XL to promote apoptosis and its function was regulated by 14-3-3. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:807-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Mansur MB, van Delft FW, Colman SM, Furness CL, Gibson J, Emerenciano M, Kempski H, Clappier E, Cave H, Soulier J, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Greaves M, Ford AM. Distinctive genotypes in infants with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2015. [PMID: 26205622 PMCID: PMC4737125 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Infant T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (iT‐ALL) is a very rare and poorly defined entity with a poor prognosis. We assembled a unique series of 13 infants with T‐ALL, which allowed us to identify genotypic abnormalities and to investigate prenatal origins. Matched samples (diagnosis/remission) were analysed by single nucleotide polymorphism‐array to identify genomic losses and gains. In three cases, we identified a recurrent somatic deletion on chromosome 3. These losses result in the complete deletion of MLF1 and have not previously been described in T‐ALL. We observed two cases with an 11p13 deletion (LMO2‐related), one of which also harboured a deletion of RB1. Another case presented a large 11q14·1‐11q23·2 deletion that included ATM and only five patients (38%) showed deletions of CDKN2A/B. Four cases showed NOTCH1 mutations; in one case FBXW7 was the sole mutation and three cases showed alterations in PTEN. KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2A‐r) were detected in three out of 13 cases. For three patients, mutations and copy number alterations (including deletion of PTEN) could be backtracked to birth using neonatal blood spot DNA, demonstrating an in utero origin. Overall, our data indicates that iT‐ALL has a diverse but distinctive profile of genotypic abnormalities when compared to T‐ALL in older children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela B Mansur
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Program, Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Susan M Colman
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Caroline L Furness
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jane Gibson
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mariana Emerenciano
- Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Program, Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Kempski
- Paediatric Malignancy Cytogenetics Unit, Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Hélène Cave
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- Haematology Laboratory, Saint-Louis Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Maria S Pombo-de-Oliveira
- Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Program, Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anthony M Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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21
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Breig O, Bras S, Martinez Soria N, Osman D, Heidenreich O, Haenlin M, Waltzer L. Pontin is a critical regulator for AML1-ETO-induced leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:1271-9. [PMID: 24342949 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic fusion protein AML1-ETO, also known as RUNX1-RUNX1T1 is generated by the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation, one of the most frequent chromosomal rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Identifying the genes that cooperate with or are required for the oncogenic activity of this chimeric transcription factor remains a major challenge. Our previous studies showed that Drosophila provides a genuine model to study how AML1-ETO promotes leukemia. Here, using an in vivo RNA interference screen for suppressors of AML1-ETO activity, we identified pontin/RUVBL1 as a gene required for AML1-ETO-induced lethality and blood cell proliferation in Drosophila. We further show that PONTIN inhibition strongly impaired the growth of human t(8;21)(+) or AML1-ETO-expressing leukemic blood cells. Interestingly, AML1-ETO promoted the transcription of PONTIN. Moreover, transcriptome analysis in Kasumi-1 cells revealed a strong correlation between PONTIN and AML1-ETO gene signatures and demonstrated that PONTIN chiefly regulated the expression of genes implicated in cell cycle progression. Concordantly, PONTIN depletion inhibited leukemic self-renewal and caused cell cycle arrest. All together our data suggest that the upregulation of PONTIN by AML1-ETO participate in the oncogenic growth of t(8;21) cells.
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MESH Headings
- ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- DNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- O Breig
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - S Bras
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - N Martinez Soria
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Osman
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - O Heidenreich
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Haenlin
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - L Waltzer
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
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22
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Yanai H, Yoshioka Y, Yoshida H, Nakao Y, Plessis A, Yamaguchi M. Drosophila myeloid leukemia factor acts with DREF to activate the JNK signaling pathway. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e98. [PMID: 24752236 PMCID: PMC4007195 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor (dMLF), a homolog of human MLF1, oncogene was first identified by yeast two-hybrid screen using the DNA replication-related element-binding factor (DREF) as bait. DREF is a transcription factor that regulates proliferation-related genes in Drosophila. It is known that overexpression of dMLF in the wing imaginal discs through the engrailed-GAL4 driver causes an atrophied wing phenotype associated with the induction of apoptosis. However, the precise mechanisms involved have yet to be clarified. Here, we found the atrophied phenotype to be suppressed by loss-of-function mutation of Drosophila Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), basket (bsk). Overexpression of dMLF induced ectopic JNK activation in the wing disc monitored with the puckered-lacZ reporter line, resulting in induction of apoptosis. The DREF-binding consensus DRE sequence could be shown to exist in the bsk promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in S2 cells with anti-dMLF IgG and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that dMLF binds specifically to the bsk promoter region containing the DRE sequence. Furthermore, using a transient luciferase expression assay, we provide evidence that knockdown of dMLF reduced bsk gene promoter activity in S2 cells. Finally, we show that dMLF interacts with DREF in vivo. Altogether, these data indicate that dMLF acts with DREF to stimulate the bsk promoter and consequently activates the JNK pathway to promote apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yanai
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Yoshida
- 1] Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan [2] Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakao
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Plessis
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - M Yamaguchi
- 1] Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan [2] Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
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Subcellular localization of full-length human myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is independent of 14-3-3 proteins. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2012; 18:137-48. [PMID: 23271436 PMCID: PMC6275728 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-012-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is associated with the development of leukemic diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, information on the physiological function of MLF1 is limited and mostly derived from studies identifying MLF1 interaction partners like CSN3, MLF1IP, MADM, Manp and the 14-3-3 proteins. The 14-3-3-binding site surrounding S34 is one of the only known functional features of the MLF1 sequence, along with one nuclear export sequence (NES) and two nuclear localization sequences (NLS). It was recently shown that the subcellular localization of mouse MLF1 is dependent on 14-3-3 proteins. Based on these findings, we investigated whether the subcellular localization of human MLF1 was also directly 14-3-3-dependent. Live cell imaging with GFP-fused human MLF1 was used to study the effects of mutations and deletions on its subcellular localization. Surprisingly, we found that the subcellular localization of full-length human MLF1 is 14-3-3-independent, and is probably regulated by other as-yet-unknown proteins.
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Gobert V, Haenlin M, Waltzer L. Myeloid leukemia factor: a return ticket from human leukemia to fly hematopoiesis. Transcription 2012; 3:250-4. [PMID: 22885977 DOI: 10.4161/trns.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though deregulation of human MLF1, the founding member of the Myeloid Leukemia Factor family, has been associated with acute myeloid leukemia, the function and mode of action of this family of genes have remained rather mysterious. Yet, recent findings in Drosophila shed new light on their biological activity and suggest that they play an important role in hematopoiesis and leukemia, notably by regulating the stability of RUNX transcription factors, another family of conserved proteins with prominent roles in normal and malignant blood cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gobert
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD-Centre de Biologie du Développement, Bat4R3, Toulouse, France
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