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Tang X, Wang J, Chen J, Liu W, Qiao P, Quan H, Li Z, Dang E, Wang G, Shao S. Epidermal stem cells: skin surveillance and clinical perspective. J Transl Med 2024; 22:779. [PMID: 39169334 PMCID: PMC11340167 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin epidermis is continually influenced by a myriad of internal and external elements. At its basal layer reside epidermal stem cells, which fuels epidermal renovation and hair regeneration with powerful self-renewal ability, as well as keeping diverse signals that direct their activity under surveillance with quick response. The importance of epidermal stem cells in wound healing and immune-related skin conditions has been increasingly recognized, and their potential for clinical applications is attracting attention. In this review, we delve into recent advancements and the various physiological and psychological factors that govern distinct epidermal stem cell populations, including psychological stress, mechanical forces, chronic aging, and circadian rhythm, as well as providing an overview of current methodological approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic role of epidermal stem cells in immune-related skin disorders and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Huiyi Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
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2
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Butler CT, Rodgers AM, Curtis AM, Donnelly RF. Chrono-tailored drug delivery systems: recent advances and future directions. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1756-1775. [PMID: 38416386 PMCID: PMC11153310 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence a range of biological processes within the body, with the central clock or suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain synchronising peripheral clocks around the body. These clocks are regulated by external cues, the most influential being the light/dark cycle, in order to synchronise with the external day. Chrono-tailored or circadian drug delivery systems (DDS) aim to optimise drug delivery by releasing drugs at specific times of day to align with circadian rhythms within the body. Although this approach is still relatively new, it has the potential to enhance drug efficacy, minimise side effects, and improve patient compliance. Chrono-tailored DDS have been explored and implemented in various conditions, including asthma, hypertension, and cancer. This review aims to introduce the biology of circadian rhythms and provide an overview of the current research on chrono-tailored DDS, with a particular focus on immunological applications and vaccination. Finally, we draw on some of the key challenges which need to be overcome for chrono-tailored DDS before they can be translated to more widespread use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Butler
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- The Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7B, UK
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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3
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Mortimer T, Zinna VM, Atalay M, Laudanna C, Deryagin O, Posas G, Smith JG, García-Lara E, Vaca-Dempere M, Monteiro de Assis LV, Heyde I, Koronowski KB, Petrus P, Greco CM, Forrow S, Oster H, Sassone-Corsi P, Welz PS, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Benitah SA. The epidermal circadian clock integrates and subverts brain signals to guarantee skin homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:834-849.e4. [PMID: 38701785 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian clock network drives daily rhythms of tissue-specific homeostasis. To dissect daily inter-tissue communication, we constructed a mouse minimal clock network comprising only two nodes: the peripheral epidermal clock and the central brain clock. By transcriptomic and functional characterization of this isolated connection, we identified a gatekeeping function of the peripheral tissue clock with respect to systemic inputs. The epidermal clock concurrently integrates and subverts brain signals to ensure timely execution of epidermal daily physiology. Timely cell-cycle termination in the epidermal stem cell compartment depends upon incorporation of clock-driven signals originating from the brain. In contrast, the epidermal clock corrects or outcompetes potentially disruptive feeding-related signals to ensure the optimal timing of DNA replication. Together, we present an approach for cataloging the systemic dependencies of daily temporal organization in a tissue and identify an essential gate-keeping function of peripheral circadian clocks that guarantees tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mortimer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muge Atalay
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmelo Laudanna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Deryagin
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Posas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacob G Smith
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elisa García-Lara
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Paul Petrus
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina M Greco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcinni 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen Forrow
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Cancer Research Programme, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs Inc, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Wang C, Zeng Q, Gül ZM, Wang S, Pick R, Cheng P, Bill R, Wu Y, Naulaerts S, Barnoud C, Hsueh PC, Moller SH, Cenerenti M, Sun M, Su Z, Jemelin S, Petrenko V, Dibner C, Hugues S, Jandus C, Li Z, Michielin O, Ho PC, Garg AD, Simonetta F, Pittet MJ, Scheiermann C. Circadian tumor infiltration and function of CD8 + T cells dictate immunotherapy efficacy. Cell 2024; 187:2690-2702.e17. [PMID: 38723627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The quality and quantity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ T cells, are important parameters for the control of tumor growth and response to immunotherapy. Here, we show in murine and human cancers that these parameters exhibit circadian oscillations, driven by both the endogenous circadian clock of leukocytes and rhythmic leukocyte infiltration, which depends on the circadian clock of endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. To harness these rhythms therapeutically, we demonstrate that efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade can be improved by adjusting the time of treatment during the day. Furthermore, time-of-day-dependent T cell signatures in murine tumor models predict overall survival in patients with melanoma and correlate with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Our data demonstrate the functional significance of circadian dynamics in the tumor microenvironment and suggest the importance of leveraging these features for improving future clinical trial design and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Qun Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Melis Gül
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sisi Wang
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Robert Pick
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Oncology and Precision Oncology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Bill
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Coline Barnoud
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pei-Chun Hsueh
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1066, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Sofie Hedlund Moller
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1066, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Mara Cenerenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mengzhu Sun
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ziyang Su
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Jemelin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr Petrenko
- Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research (GCIR), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research (GCIR), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Precision Oncology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1066, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mikaël J Pittet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Geneva 1211, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research (GCIR), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology (CRTOH), Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research (GCIR), Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Biomedical Center (BMC), Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine (WBex), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany.
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5
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Duan J, Ngo MN, Karri SS, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Shahbaba B, Lowengrub J, Andersen B. tauFisher predicts circadian time from a single sample of bulk and single-cell pseudobulk transcriptomic data. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3840. [PMID: 38714698 PMCID: PMC11076472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As the circadian clock regulates fundamental biological processes, disrupted clocks are often observed in patients and diseased tissues. Determining the circadian time of the patient or the tissue of focus is essential in circadian medicine and research. Here we present tauFisher, a computational pipeline that accurately predicts circadian time from a single transcriptomic sample by finding correlations between rhythmic genes within the sample. We demonstrate tauFisher's performance in adding timestamps to both bulk and single-cell transcriptomic samples collected from multiple tissue types and experimental settings. Application of tauFisher at a cell-type level in a single-cell RNAseq dataset collected from mouse dermal skin implies that greater circadian phase heterogeneity may explain the dampened rhythm of collective core clock gene expression in dermal immune cells compared to dermal fibroblasts. Given its robustness and generalizability across assay platforms, experimental setups, and tissue types, as well as its potential application in single-cell RNAseq data analysis, tauFisher is a promising tool that facilitates circadian medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Duan
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michelle N Ngo
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Satya Swaroop Karri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Babak Shahbaba
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - John Lowengrub
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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6
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Zeng Y, Guo Z, Wu M, Chen F, Chen L. Circadian rhythm regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of tumors. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:199. [PMID: 38678017 PMCID: PMC11055927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost all cells and play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes. Maintaining a stable circadian rhythm is essential for overall health. Disruption of this rhythm can alter the expression of clock genes and cancer-related genes, and affect many metabolic pathways and factors, thereby affecting the function of the immune system and contributing to the occurrence and progression of tumors. This paper aims to elucidate the regulatory effects of BMAL1, clock and other clock genes on immune cells, and reveal the molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm's involvement in tumor and its microenvironment regulation. A deeper understanding of circadian rhythms has the potential to provide new strategies for the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zichan Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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7
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Cvammen W, Kemp MG. The REV-ERB antagonist SR8278 modulates keratinocyte viability in response to UVA and UVB radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38459721 DOI: 10.1111/php.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) system removes UV photoproducts from genomic DNA and is controlled by the circadian clock. Given that small-molecule compounds have been developed to target various clock proteins, we examined whether the cryptochrome inhibitor KS15 and REV-ERB antagonist SR8278 could modulate keratinocyte responses to UV radiation in vitro. We observed that though SR8278 promoted cell viability in UVB-irradiated cells, it had little effect on NER or on the expression of the clock-regulated NER factor XPA. Rather, we found that both KS15 and SR8278 absorb light within the UV spectrum to limit initial UV photoproduct formation in DNA. Moreover, SR8278 promoted UVB viability even in cells in which the core circadian clock protein BMAL1 was disrupted, which indicates that SR8278 is likely acting via other REV-ERB transcriptional targets. We further observed that SR8278 sensitized keratinocytes to light sources containing primarily UVA wavelengths of light likely due to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Though other studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of SR8278 in other model systems, our results here suggest that SR8278 has limited utility for UV photoprotection in the skin and will likely cause phototoxicity in humans or mammals exposed to solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Cvammen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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8
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Kusumoto J, Akashi M, Terashi H, Sakakibara S. Differential Photosensitivity of Fibroblasts Obtained from Normal Skin and Hypertrophic Scar Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2126. [PMID: 38396801 PMCID: PMC10889571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether normal human skin tissue or abnormal scarring are photoreceptive. Therefore, this study investigated photosensitivity in normal skin tissue and hypertrophic scars. The expression of opsins, which are photoreceptor proteins, in normal dermal fibroblasts (NDFs) and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) was examined. After exposure to blue light (BL), changes in the expression levels of αSMA and clock-related genes, specifically PER2 and BMAL1, were examined in both fibroblast types. Opsins were expressed in both fibroblast types, with OPN3 exhibiting the highest expression levels. After peripheral circadian rhythm disruption, BL induced rhythm formation in NDFs. In contrast, although HSFs showed changes in clock-related gene expression levels, no distinct rhythm formation was observed. The expression level of αSMA was significantly higher in HSFs and decreased to the same level as that in NDFs upon BL exposure. When OPN3 knocked-down HSFs were exposed to BL, the reduction in αSMA expression was inhibited. This study showed that BL exposure directly triggers peripheral circadian synchronization in NDFs but not in HSFs. OPN3-mediated BL exposure inhibited HSFs. Although the current results did not elucidate the relationship between peripheral circadian rhythms and hypertrophic scars, they show that BL can be applied for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kusumoto
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (H.T.); (S.S.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Hiroto Terashi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (H.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Shunsuke Sakakibara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (H.T.); (S.S.)
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9
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Zhang B, Chen T. Local and systemic mechanisms that control the hair follicle stem cell niche. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:87-100. [PMID: 37903969 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles are essential appendages of the mammalian skin, as hair performs vital functions of protection, thermoregulation and sensation. Hair follicles harbour exceptional regenerative abilities as they contain multiple somatic stem cell populations such as hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and melanocyte stem cells. Surrounding the stem cells and their progeny, diverse groups of cells and extracellular matrix proteins are organized to form a microenvironment (called 'niche') that serves to promote and maintain the optimal functioning of these stem cell populations. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate nature of the HFSC niche and its crucial role in regulating hair follicle regeneration. In this Review, we describe how the niche serves as a signalling hub, communicating, deciphering and integrating both local signals within the skin and systemic inputs from the body and environment to modulate HFSC activity. We delve into the recent advancements in identifying the cellular and molecular nature of the niche, providing a holistic perspective on its essential functions in hair follicle morphogenesis, regeneration and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Lamnis L, Christofi C, Stark A, Palm H, Roemer K, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Differential Regulation of Circadian Clock Genes by UV-B Radiation and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D: A Pilot Study during Different Stages of Skin Photocarcinogenesis. Nutrients 2024; 16:254. [PMID: 38257148 PMCID: PMC10820546 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence points at an important physiological role of the timekeeping system, known as the circadian clock (CC), regulating not only our sleep-awake rhythm but additionally many other cellular processes in peripheral tissues. It was shown in various cell types that environmental stressors, including ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B), modulate the expression of genes that regulate the CC (CCGs) and that these CCGs modulate susceptibility for UV-B-induced cellular damage. It was the aim of this pilot study to gain further insights into the CCs' putative role for UV-B-induced photocarcinogenesis of skin cancer. METHODS Applying RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of two core CCGs (brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) and Period-2 (Per2)) over several time points (0-60 h) in HaCaT cells with and without 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (D3) and/or UV-B and conducted a cosinor analysis to evaluate the effects of those conditions on the circadian rhythm and an extended mixed-effects linear modeling to account for both fixed effects of experimental conditions and random inter-individual variability. Next, we investigated the expression of these two genes in keratinocytes representing different stages of skin photocarcinogenesis, comparing normal (Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes-NHEK; p53 wild type), precancerous (HaCaT keratinocytes; mutated p53 status), and malignant (Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCL-1; p53 null status) keratinocytes after 12 h under the same conditions. RESULTS We demonstrated that in HaCaT cells, Bmal1 showed a robust circadian rhythm, while the evidence for Per2 was limited. Overall expression of both genes, but especially for Bmal1, was increased following UV-B treatment, while Per2 showed a suppressed overall expression following D3. Both UVB and 1,25(OH)2D3 suggested a significant phase shift for Bmal1 (p < 0.05 for the acrophase), while no specific effect on the amplitude could be evidenced. Differential effects on the expression of BMAL1 and Per2 were found when we compared different treatment modalities (UV-B and/or D3) or cell types (NHEK, HaCaT, and SCL-1 cells). CONCLUSIONS Comparing epidermal keratinocytes representing different stages of skin photocarcinogenesis, we provide further evidence for an independently operating timekeeping system in human skin, which is regulated by UV-B and disturbed during skin photocarcinogenesis. Our finding that this pattern of circadian rhythm was differentially altered by treatment with UV-B, as compared with treatment with D3, does not support the hypothesis that the expression of these CCGs may be regulated via UV-B-induced synthesis of vitamin D but might be introducing a novel photoprotective property of vitamin D through the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandros Lamnis
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Christoforos Christofi
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Alexandra Stark
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Heike Palm
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Klaus Roemer
- José Carreras Center and Internal Medicine I, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
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11
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da Silveira EJD, Barros CCDS, Bottino MC, Castilho RM, Squarize C. The rhythms of histones in regeneration: The epigenetic modifications determined by clock genes. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15005. [PMID: 38284199 PMCID: PMC10865818 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The evolutionary establishment of an internal biological clock is a primordial event tightly associated with a 24-h period. Changes in the circadian rhythm can affect cellular functions, including proliferation, DNA repair and redox state. Even isolated organs, tissues and cells can maintain an autonomous circadian rhythm. These cell-autonomous molecular mechanisms are driven by intracellular clock genes, such as BMAL1. Little is known about the role of core clock genes and epigenetic modifications in the skin. Our focus was to identify BMAL1-driven epigenetic modifications associated with gene transcription by mapping the acetylation landscape of histones in epithelial cells responding to injury. We explored the role of BMAL1 in epidermal wound and tissue regeneration using a loss-of-function approach in vivo. We worked with BMAL1 knockout mice and a contraction-resistance wound healing protocol, determining the histone modifications using specific antibodies to detect the acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4. We found significant differences in the acetylation levels of histones in both homeostatic and injured skin with deregulated BMAL1. The intact skin displayed varied acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4, including hyperacetylation of H3 Lys 9 (H3K9). The most pronounced changes were observed at the repair site, with notable alterations in the acetylation pattern of histone H4. These findings reveal the importance of histone modifications in response to injury and indicate that modulation of BMAL1 and its associated epigenetic events could be therapeutically harnessed to improve skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka J. D. da Silveira
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Caio C. D. S. Barros
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rogerio M. Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cristiane Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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12
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Xie X, Zhang L, Lin Y, Liu X, Han X, Li P. Liangxue Jiedu formula improves imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis with circadian desynchrony by regulating Th17 cell differentiation based on network pharmacological analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116807. [PMID: 37331449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liangxue Jiedu formula (LXJDF) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for treating psoriasis of blood-heat syndrome and has been used in clinics for decades. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to discover the mechanism of LXJDF in psoriasis and the circadian clock by network pharmacology and experimental studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds of LXJDF were obtained from the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. The genes related to psoriasis and circadian rhythm/clock were identified by the OMIM and GeneCards databases. Then, target genes were integrated by Venn and analyzed by the String, CytoNCA, DAVID (GO and KEGG) databases, and the network was constructed using Cytoscape. Mice were raised under light disturbance for fourteen days. On the eighth day, mouse dorsal skin was shaved and smeared with 62.5 mg 5% imiquimod at 8:00 (ZT0) for six successive days. Mice were randomly divided into the model, LXJDF-H (49.2 g/kg·bw), LXJDF-L (24.6 g/kg·bw), and positive drug (dexamethasone) groups. Other mice were smeared with Vaseline under the normal light cycle as the control. The drug of each group was administered at 10:00 (ZT2) and 22:00 (ZT14). The skin lesions were observed, and PASI was scored daily. HE and immunofluorescence were used to measure pathological morphology. Th17 cytokines in serum and skin were measured by flow cytometry and qPCR. Circadian clock gene and protein expression levels were determined by qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS We found 34 potential targets of LXJDF in the treatment of psoriasis and circadian rhythm and confirmed their importance by topology analysis. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the two major pathways were Th17 cell differentiation and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. At ZT2 and ZT14, LXJDF improved IMQ-induced light disturbance mouse skin lesions, including alleviating scales, erythema, and infiltration, reducing PASI, and inhibiting keratinocyte hyperproliferation and parakeratosis. LXJDF reduced IL-17A, IL-17F, TNF-α, and IL-6 in serum at ZT2 and increased IL-10 at ZT2 and ZT14. LXJDF downregulated the expression of IL-17A and IL-17F in skin. At ZT2, LXJDF significantly upregulated CLOCK and REV-ERBα expression and downregulated HIF-1α expression. At ZT14, LXJDF decreased HIF-1α and RORγt expression and significantly increased REV-ERBα expression. CONCLUSION LXJDF improves psoriasis dermatitis with circadian rhythm disorders by regulating Th17 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Xie
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xuyang Han
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
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13
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Duan J, Ngo MN, Karri SS, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Shahbaba B, Lowengrub J, Andersen B. tauFisher accurately predicts circadian time from a single sample of bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535473. [PMID: 37066246 PMCID: PMC10104027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As the circadian clock regulates fundamental biological processes, disrupted clocks are often observed in patients and diseased tissues. Determining the circadian time of the patient or the tissue of focus is essential in circadian medicine and research. Here we present tau-Fisher, a computational pipeline that accurately predicts circadian time from a single transcriptomic sample by finding correlations between rhythmic genes within the sample. We demonstrate tauFisher's out-standing performance in both bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data collected from multiple tissue types and experimental settings. Application of tauFisher at a cell-type level in a single-cell RNA-seq dataset collected from mouse dermal skin implies that greater circadian phase heterogeneity may explain the dampened rhythm of collective core clock gene expression in dermal immune cells compared to dermal fibroblasts. Given its robustness and generalizability across assay platforms, experimental setups, and tissue types, as well as its potential application in single-cell RNA-seq data analysis, tauFisher is a promising tool that facilitates circadian medicine and research.
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14
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Xiao X, Feng H, Liao Y, Tang H, Li L, Li K, Hu F. Identification of key circadian rhythm genes in skin aging based on bioinformatics and machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11672-11689. [PMID: 37905958 PMCID: PMC10637791 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Skin aging is often accompanied by disruption of circadian rhythm and abnormal expression of circadian rhythm-related genes. In this study, we downloaded skin aging expression datasets from the GEO database and utilized bioinformatics and machine learning methods to explore circadian rhythm genes and pathways involved in skin aging, revealing the pathological and molecular mechanisms of skin aging. Results showed that 39 circadian rhythm-related genes (CRGs) were identified in skin aging, and these CRGs were enriched in signaling pathways such as glucagon signaling pathway, insulin resistance, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and adipocytokine signaling pathway. Three key skin aging-related CRGs, SIRT1, ARNTL, and ATF4, were identified based on machine learning. Additionally, we found that skin aging was associated with infiltration of immune cells including NK cells activated, Macrophages M1, Mast cells resting, T cells CD4 memory activated, and Macrophages M2, and the expression of the three key skin aging-related CRGs was correlated with these immune cells. Finally, SIRT1, ARNTL, and ATF4 were all down-regulated in skin aging and had a good ability to distinguish young skin tissue from aging skin tissue. In conclusion, three key CRGs, including SIRT1, ARNTL, and ATF4, which are closely related to skin aging, were obtained based on bioinformatics and machine learning technology screening. These three key CRGs were potential risk genes for skin aging and also associated with changes in the immune microenvironment in skin aging. The language used in this paragraph follows the guidelines for scientific writing specified by SCI, making it clear and concise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410002, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410002, China
| | - Yangying Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410002, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410002, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410002, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410002, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410002, China
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15
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Kirchner SJ, Lei V, Kim PT, Patel M, Shannon JL, Corcoran D, Hughes D, Waters DK, Dzirasa K, Erdmann D, Coers J, MacLeod AS, Zhang JY. An aging-susceptible circadian rhythm controls cutaneous antiviral immunity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171548. [PMID: 37725438 PMCID: PMC10619492 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged skin is prone to viral infections, but the mechanisms responsible for this immunosenescent immune risk are unclear. We observed that aged murine and human skin expressed reduced levels of antiviral proteins (AVPs) and circadian regulators, including Bmal1 and Clock. Bmal1 and Clock were found to control rhythmic AVP expression in skin, and such circadian control of AVPs was diminished by disruption of immune cell IL-27 signaling and deletion of Bmal1/Clock genes in mouse skin, as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of CLOCK in human primary keratinocytes. We found that treatment with the circadian-enhancing agents nobiletin and SR8278 reduced infection of herpes simplex virus 1 in epidermal explants and human keratinocytes in a BMAL1/CLOCK-dependent manner. Circadian-enhancing treatment also reversed susceptibility of aging murine skin and human primary keratinocytes to viral infection. These findings reveal an evolutionarily conserved and age-sensitive circadian regulation of cutaneous antiviral immunity, underscoring circadian restoration as an antiviral strategy in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kafui Dzirasa
- Department of Neurobiology
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Detlev Erdmann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, and
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- Department of Immunology
| | - Amanda S. MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
- Department of Immunology
| | - Jennifer Y. Zhang
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Damiani G, Pacifico A, Scoditti E, di Gregorio S, Del Fabbro M, Cozzolino C, Buja A, Mercuri SR, Bianchi VG, Grada A, Garbarino S, Bunick CG. Circadian Oscillations of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) are Also Influenced by Diet in Patients with Psoriasis: A Chronomedical Study. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:2229-2246. [PMID: 37573289 PMCID: PMC10539244 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimal erythema dose (MED) remains a parameter of paramount importance to orient narrow-band (NB)-UVB phototherapy in psoriatic (PsO) patients. Recently, circadian rhythm and diet were recognized as potential MED modulators, but their mutual interaction remains understudied. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the potential diet modulation of MED circadian oscillations. METHODS In the first phase, a cohort study was performed comparing potential MED oscillations (morning, afternoon, and evening) among omnivorous psoriatic patients before and after a phototherapy cycle and omnivorous healthy controls. The two groups were age-, gender-, skin-type-, MED-, and diet-matched. Then, in the second phase, another cohort study was carried out comparing MED oscillations 24 h after the last phototherapeutic session only in psoriatic patients cleared with NB-UVB and undergoing different diets (vegan, vegetarian, paleo , ketogenic, intermittent circadian fasting, and omnivore). Patients with different diets were age-, gender-, and skin-type matched. RESULTS In the first phase, we enrolled only omnivores, specifically 54 PsO patients and 54 healthy individuals. Their MED before and after NB-UVB therapy changed significantly among the three different time-points (morning, afternoon, and evening) (p < 0.001). The time effect was statistically significant in both groups before and after phototherapy. In the second phase, we enrolled 144 PsO patients (vegan, vegetarian, paleo, ketogenic, intermittent circadian fasting, and omnivore). MED circadian oscillations preserved a significant difference also after clearance and were influenced by diet type and time of day (p < 0.001). In particular, vegans displayed the lowest MED values, whilst Ramadan fasting showed the highest values in morning, afternoon, and evening. CONCLUSIONS Diet, like other ongoing therapies, should be reported in the medical records of patients with psoriasis undergoing NB-UVB and patients with lower MEDs should be preferentially treated in the morning when the MED is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Damiani
- Italian Center for Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- PhD Degree Program in Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessia Pacifico
- Clinical Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Sara di Gregorio
- Italian Center for Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Cardiologic, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Buja
- Italian Center for Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiologic, Vascular and Thoracic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Santo R. Mercuri
- Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ayman Grada
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Christopher G. Bunick
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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17
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Cohen L, Brodsky MA, Zubair R, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Sadeghpour M. Cutaneous interaction with visible light: What do we know? J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:560-568. [PMID: 32289393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Visible light has been used therapeutically in dermatology for years for a variety of cosmetic and medical indications, including skin rejuvenation and the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions, among others. Until recently, visible light was thought to be relatively inert compared to its spectral neighbors, ultraviolet and infrared radiation. However, recent literature has described the ability of visible light to cause erythema in light skin and pigmentary changes in individuals with darker skin types. Concern surrounding its potentially damaging cutaneous effects has been raised in both the medical community and social media outlets. In this article, we provide an evidenced-based review describing what is currently known about visible light, focusing on its role in dermatologic diseases including disorders of hyperpigmentation such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Raheel Zubair
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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18
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Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Kirshenbaum LA. BMAL1 regulates cell cycle progression and angiogenesis of endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1889-1890. [PMID: 37392425 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2H6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2H6, Canada
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2H6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2H6, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2H6, Canada
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19
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Castillo KD, Chapa ED, Lamb TM, Gangopadhyay M, Bell-Pedersen D. Circadian clock control of tRNA synthetases in Neurospora crassa. F1000Res 2023; 11:1556. [PMID: 37841830 PMCID: PMC10576190 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125351.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In Neurospora crassa, the circadian clock controls rhythmic mRNA translation initiation through regulation of the eIF2α kinase CPC-3 (the homolog of yeast and mammalian GCN2). Active CPC-3 phosphorylates and inactivates eIF2α, leading to higher phosphorylated eIF2α (P-eIF2α) levels and reduced translation initiation during the subjective day. This daytime activation of CPC-3 is driven by its binding to uncharged tRNA, and uncharged tRNA levels peak during the day under control of the circadian clock. The daily rhythm in uncharged tRNA levels could arise from rhythmic amino acid levels or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRSs) levels. Methods: To determine if and how the clock potentially controls rhythms in aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS), both observed to be rhythmic in circadian genomic datasets, transcriptional and translational fusions to luciferase were generated. These luciferase reporter fusions were examined in wild type (WT), clock mutant Δ frq, and clock-controlled transcription factor deletion strains. Results: Translational and transcriptional fusions of AspRS and GlnRS to luciferase confirmed that their protein levels are clock-controlled with peak levels at night. Moreover, clock-controlled transcription factors NCU00275 and ADV-1 drive robust rhythmic protein expression of AspRS and GlnRS, respectively. Conclusions: These data support a model whereby coordinate clock control of select aaRSs drives rhythms in uncharged tRNAs, leading to rhythmic CPC-3 activation, and rhythms in translation of specific mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrina D. Castillo
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Emily D. Chapa
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Teresa M. Lamb
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madhusree Gangopadhyay
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Deborah Bell-Pedersen
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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20
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Koritala BSC, Dakup PP, Porter KI, Gaddameedhi S. The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study. F1000Res 2023; 12:762. [PMID: 37576540 PMCID: PMC10422053 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.136998.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The natural day-night cycle synchronizes our circadian rhythms, but modern work practices like night shifts disrupt this pattern, leading to increased exposure to nighttime light. This exposure is linked to various health issues. While some studies have explored the effects of night shifts on human circadian rhythms, there is limited research on the consequences of long-term exposure to shift-work light conditions. Rodents can provide valuable insights into these effects. This study aimed to examine how short- or long-term exposure to rotating shifts and chronic jetlag affects the core circadian oscillators in the liver and skin of mammals. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to simulated shift-work light conditions, including short-term or long-term rotating shifts and chronic jet-lag conditions. Liver and skin samples were collected every four hours over a 24-hour period on the second day of constant darkness. RNA was extracted and qRT-PCR analysis was conducted to measure the circadian gene expression in liver and skin tissues. Circadian rhythm analysis using CircaCompare compared the control group to mice exposed to shift-work light conditions. Results: The liver's circadian clock is significantly altered in mice under long-term rotating shift conditions, with a lesser but still noticeable impact in mice experiencing chronic jetlag. However, short-term rotating shift conditions do not significantly affect the liver's circadian clock. Conversely, all three simulated shift conditions affect the skin's circadian clock, indicating that the skin clock is more sensitive to shift-work light conditions than the liver clock. Compared to the liver, the skin's circadian clock is greatly affected by long-term rotating shift conditions. Conclusions: The study findings indicate more pronounced disturbances in the canonical clock genes of the skin compared to the liver under simulated shift-work light conditions. These results suggest that the skin clock is more vulnerable to the effects of shift-work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala S. C. Koritala
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Panshak P. Dakup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Porter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Su HC, Sun YT, Yang MY, Wu CY, Hsu CM. Dihydroisotanshinone I and BMAL-SIRT1 Pathway in an In Vitro 6-OHDA-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11088. [PMID: 37446264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Danshen has been widely used for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. We investigated the effect of dihydroisotanshinone I (DT), a compound extracted from Danshen, as well as the corresponding mechanisms in an in vitro-based 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines were pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and challenged with DT. Subsequently, the cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 were analyzed. The effect of DT on the 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells and the expression of the core circadian clock genes were measured using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that DT attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced cell death in the SH-SY5Y cells and suppressed ROS and caspase-3. Moreover, DT reversed both the RNA and protein levels of BMAL1 and SIRT1 in the 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, the SIRT1 inhibitor attenuated the effect of DT on BMAL1 and reduced the cell viability. The DT and SIRT1 activators activated SIRT1 and BMAL1, and then reduced the death of the SH-SY5Y cells damaged by 6-OHDA. SIRT1 silencing was enhanced by DT and resulted in a BMAL1 downregulation and a reduction in cell viability. In conclusion, our investigation suggested that DT reduces cell apoptosis, including an antioxidative effect due to a reduction in ROS, and regulates the circadian genes by enhancing SIRT1 and suppressing BMAL1. DT may possess novel therapeutic potential for PD in the future, but further in vivo studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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22
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Kirchner S, Lei V, Kim P, Patel M, Shannon J, Corcoran D, Hughes D, Waters D, Dzirasa K, Erdmann D, Coers J, MacLeod A, Zhang JY. An Aging-Susceptible Circadian Rhythm Controls Cutaneous Antiviral Immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.14.536934. [PMID: 37131751 PMCID: PMC10153172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.14.536934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aged skin is prone to viral infections, but the mechanisms responsible for this immunosenescent immune risk are unclear. We observed that aged murine and human skin expressed reduced antiviral proteins (AVPs) and circadian regulators including Bmal1 and Clock. Bmal1 and Clock were found to control rhythmic AVP expression in skin and such circadian-control of AVPs was diminished by disruption of immune cell interleukin 27 signaling and deletion of Bmal1/Clock genes in mouse skins, as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of CLOCK in human primary keratinocytes. We found that treatment of circadian enhancing agents, nobiletin and SR8278, reduced infection of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) in epidermal explants and human keratinocytes in a Bmal1/Clock-dependent manner. Circadian enhancing treatment also reversed susceptibility of aging murine skin and human primary keratinocytes to viral infection. These findings reveal an evolutionarily conserved and age-sensitive circadian regulation of cutaneous antiviral immunity, underscoring circadian restoration as an antiviral strategy in aging populations.
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23
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Sato R, Kanai M, Yoshida Y, Fukushima S, Nogami M, Yamaguchi T, Iijima N, Sutherland K, Haga S, Ozaki M, Hamada K, Hamada T. Analysis of the Anticipatory Behavior Formation Mechanism Induced by Methamphetamine Using a Single Hair. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040654. [PMID: 36831320 PMCID: PMC9954696 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) coordinates many daily rhythms, some circadian patterns of expression are controlled by SCN-independent systems. These include responses to daily methamphetamine (MAP) injections. Scheduled daily injections of MAP resulted in anticipatory activity, with an increase in locomotor activity immediately prior to the time of injection. The MAP-induced anticipatory behavior is associated with the induction and a phase advance in the expression rhythm of the clock gene Period1 (Per1). However, this unique formation mechanism of MAP-induced anticipatory behavior is not well understood. We recently developed a micro-photomultiplier tube (micro-PMT) system to detect a small amount of Per1 expression. In the present study, we used this system to measure the formation kinetics of MAP-induced anticipatory activity in a single whisker hair to reveal the underlying mechanism. Our results suggest that whisker hairs respond to daily MAP administration, and that Per1 expression is affected. We also found that elevated Per1 expression in a single whisker hair is associated with the occurrence of anticipatory behavior rhythm. The present results suggest that elevated Per1 expression in hairs might be a marker of anticipatory behavior formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Kanai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yukina Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
| | - Shiori Fukushima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nogami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Center for Basic Medical Research, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
| | - Norio Iijima
- Center for Basic Medical Research, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kenneth Sutherland
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8012, Japan
| | - Sanae Haga
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Hakujikai Institute of Gerontology, 5-11-1, Shikahama, Adachi Ward, Tokyo 123-0864, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-287-24-3481
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24
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Obodo D, Outland EH, Hughey JJ. Sex Inclusion in Transcriptome Studies of Daily Rhythms. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:3-14. [PMID: 36419398 PMCID: PMC9903005 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221134160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research on mammals has traditionally neglected females, raising the concern that some scientific findings may generalize poorly to half the population. Although this lack of sex inclusion has been broadly documented, its extent within circadian genomics remains undescribed. To address this gap, we examined sex inclusion practices in a comprehensive collection of publicly available transcriptome studies on daily rhythms. Among 148 studies having samples from mammals in vivo, we found strong underrepresentation of females across organisms and tissues. Overall, only 23 of 123 studies in mice, 0 of 10 studies in rats, and 9 of 15 studies in humans included samples from females. In addition, studies having samples from both sexes tended to have more samples from males than from females. These trends appear to have changed little over time, including since 2016, when the US National Institutes of Health began requiring investigators to consider sex as a biological variable. Our findings highlight an opportunity to dramatically improve representation of females in circadian research and to explore sex differences in daily rhythms at the genome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Obodo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elliot H. Outland
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jacob J. Hughey
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,Jacob J. Hughey, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 1475, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; e-mail:
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25
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Verma AK, Singh S, Rizvi SI. Aging, circadian disruption and neurodegeneration: Interesting interplay. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112076. [PMID: 36574855 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is an intricate molecular network of coordinating circadian clocks that organize the internal synchrony of the organism in response to the environment. These rhythms are maintained by genetically programmed positive and negative auto-regulated transcriptional and translational feedback loops that sustain 24-hour oscillations in mRNA and protein components of the endogenous circadian clock. Since inter and intracellular activity of the central pacemaker appears to reduce with aging, the interaction between the circadian clock and aging continues to elude our understanding. In this review article, we discuss circadian clock components at the molecular level and how aging adversely affects circadian clock functioning in rodents and humans. The natural decline in melatonin levels with aging strongly contributes to circadian dysregulation resulting in the development of neurological anomalies. Additionally, inappropriate environmental conditions such as Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) can cause circadian disruption or chronodisruption (CD) which can result in a variety of pathological diseases, including premature aging. Furthermore, we summarize recent evidence suggesting that CD may also be a predisposing factor for the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), although more investigation is required to prove this link. Finally, certain chrono-enhancement approaches have been offered as intervention strategies to prevent, alleviate, or mitigate the impacts of CD. This review thus aims to bring together recent advancements in the chronobiology of the aging process, as well as its role in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India; Psychedelics Research Group, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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26
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Liu LP, Li MH, Zheng YW. Hair Follicles as a Critical Model for Monitoring the Circadian Clock. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032407. [PMID: 36768730 PMCID: PMC9916850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clock (circadian) genes are heterogeneously expressed in hair follicles (HFs). The genes can be modulated by both the central circadian system and some extrinsic factors, such as light and thyroid hormones. These circadian genes participate in the regulation of several physiological processes of HFs, including hair growth and pigmentation. On the other hand, because peripheral circadian genes are synchronized with the central clock, HFs could provide a noninvasive and practical method for monitoring and evaluating multiple circadian-rhythm-related conditions and disorders among humans, including day and night shifts, sleep-wake disorders, physical activities, energy metabolism, and aging. However, due to the complexity of circadian biology, understanding how intrinsic oscillation operates using peripheral tissues only may be insufficient. Combining HF sampling with multidimensional assays such as detection of body temperature, blood samples, or certain validated questionnaires may be helpful in improving HF applications. Thus, HFs can serve as a critical model for monitoring the circadian clock and can help provide an understanding of the potential mechanisms of circadian-rhythm-related conditions; furthermore, chronotherapy could support personalized treatment scheduling based on the gene expression profile expressed in HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Correspondence: (L.-P.L.); (Y.-W.Z.)
| | - Meng-Huan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 234-0006, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Correspondence: (L.-P.L.); (Y.-W.Z.)
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27
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del Olmo M, Spörl F, Korge S, Jürchott K, Felten M, Grudziecki A, de Zeeuw J, Nowozin C, Reuter H, Blatt T, Herzel H, Kunz D, Kramer A, Ananthasubramaniam B. Inter-layer and inter-subject variability of diurnal gene expression in human skin. NAR Genom Bioinform 2022; 4:lqac097. [PMID: 36601580 PMCID: PMC9803873 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest human organ with a circadian clock that regulates its function. Although circadian rhythms in specific functions are known, rhythms in the proximal clock output, gene expression, in human skin have not been thoroughly explored. This work reports 24 h gene expression rhythms in two skin layers, epidermis and dermis, in a cohort of young, healthy adults, who maintained natural, regular sleep-wake schedules. 10% of the expressed genes showed such diurnal rhythms at the population level, of which only a third differed between the two layers. Amplitude and phases of diurnal gene expression varied more across subjects than layers, with amplitude being more variable than phases. Expression amplitudes in the epidermis were larger and more subject-variable, while they were smaller and more consistent in the dermis. Core clock gene expression was similar across layers at the population-level, but were heterogeneous in their variability across subjects. We also identified small sets of biomarkers for internal clock phase in each layer, which consisted of layer-specific non-core clock genes. This work provides a valuable resource to advance our understanding of human skin and presents a novel methodology to quantify sources of variability in human circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta del Olmo
- Institute for Theoretical Biology – Laboratory of Theoretical Chronobiology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstraße 13, House 4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Spörl
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Korge
- Institute for Medical Immunology – Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Institute for Medical Immunology – Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health – Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Felten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Grudziecki
- Institute for Medical Immunology – Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan de Zeeuw
- Institute of Physiology – Sleep Research & Clinical Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Nowozin
- Institute of Physiology – Sleep Research & Clinical Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Reuter
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Blatt
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Institute for Theoretical Biology – Laboratory of Theoretical Chronobiology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstraße 13, House 4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Kunz
- Institute of Physiology – Sleep Research & Clinical Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Institute for Medical Immunology – Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Wu G, Ruben MD, Francey LJ, Lee YY, Anafi RC, Hogenesch JB. An in silico genome-wide screen for circadian clock strength in human samples. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:5375-5382. [PMID: 36321857 PMCID: PMC9750125 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Years of time-series gene expression studies have built a strong understanding of clock-controlled pathways across species. However, comparatively little is known about how 'non-clock' pathways influence clock function. We need a strong understanding of clock-coupled pathways in human tissues to better appreciate the links between disease and clock function. RESULTS We developed a new computational approach to explore candidate pathways coupled to the clock in human tissues. This method, termed LTM, is an in silico screen to infer genetic influences on circadian clock function. LTM uses natural variation in gene expression in human data and directly links gene expression variation to clock strength independent of longitudinal data. We applied LTM to three human skin and one melanoma datasets and found that the cell cycle is the top candidate clock-coupled pathway in healthy skin. In addition, we applied LTM to thousands of tumor samples from 11 cancer types in the TCGA database and found that extracellular matrix organization-related pathways are tightly associated with the clock strength in humans. Further analysis shows that clock strength in tumor samples is correlated with the proportion of cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Therefore, we show both the power of LTM in predicting clock-coupled pathways and classify factors associated with clock strength in human tissues. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION LTM is available on GitHub (https://github.com/gangwug/LTMR) and figshare (https://figshare.com/articles/software/LTMR/21217604) to facilitate its use. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Marc D Ruben
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yin Yeng Lee
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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29
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Luengas-Martinez A, Paus R, Iqbal M, Bailey L, Ray DW, Young HS. Circadian rhythms in psoriasis and the potential of chronotherapy in psoriasis management. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1800-1809. [PMID: 35851722 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The physiology and pathology of the skin are influenced by daily oscillations driven by a master clock located in the brain, and peripheral clocks in individual cells. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is circadian-rhythmic, with flares of disease and symptoms such as itch typically being worse in the evening/night-time. Patients with psoriasis have changes in circadian oscillations of blood pressure and heart rate, supporting wider circadian disruption. In addition, shift work, a circadian misalignment challenge, is associated with psoriasis. These features may be due to underlying circadian control of key effector elements known to be relevant in psoriasis such as cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. Indeed, peripheral clock pathology may lead to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the basal layers, insufficient apoptosis of differentiating keratinocytes in psoriatic epidermis, dysregulation of skin-resident and migratory immune cells and modulation of angiogenesis through circadian oscillation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in epidermal keratinocytes. Chronotherapeutic effects of topical steroids and topical vitamin D analogues have been reported, suggesting that knowledge of circadian phase may improve the efficacy, and therapeutic index of treatments for psoriasis. In this viewpoint essay, we review the current literature on circadian disruption in psoriasis. We explore the hypothesis that psoriasis is circadian-driven. We also suggest that investigation of the circadian components specific to psoriasis and that the in vitro investigation of circadian regulation of psoriasis will contribute to the development of a novel chronotherapeutic treatment strategy for personalised psoriasis management. We also propose that circadian oscillations of VEGF-A offer an opportunity to enhance the efficacy and tolerability of a novel anti-VEGF-A therapeutic approach, through the timed delivery of anti-VEGF-A drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luengas-Martinez
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Monasterium Laboratory, Muenster, Germany
- CUTANEON, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Bailey
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen S Young
- Centre for Dermatology Research and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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30
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh DP. Obligatory Role of AMPK Activation and Antioxidant Defense Pathway in the Regulatory Effects of Metformin on Cellular Protection and Prevention of Lens Opacity. Cells 2022; 11:3021. [PMID: 36230981 PMCID: PMC9563310 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing levels of oxidative-stress due to deterioration of the Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor)/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway is found to be a primary cause of aging pathobiology. Metformin having anti-aging effects can delay/halt aging-related diseases. Herein, using lens epithelial cell lines (LECs) of human (h) or mouse (m) and aging h/m primary LECs along with lenses as model systems, we demonstrated that Metformin could correct deteriorated Bmal1/Nrf2/ARE pathway by reviving AMPK-activation, and transcriptional activities of Bmal1/Nrf2, resulting in increased antioxidants enzymatic activity and expression of Phase II enzymes. This ensued reactive oxygen species (ROS) mitigation with cytoprotection and prevention of lens opacity in response to aging/oxidative stress. It was intriguing to observe that Metformin internalized lens/LECs and upregulated OCTs (Organic Cation Transporters). Mechanistically, we found that Metformin evoked AMPK activation-dependent increase of Bmal1, Nrf2, and antioxidants transcription by promoting direct E-Box and ARE binding of Bmal1 and Nrf2 to the promoters. Loss-of-function and disruption of E-Box/ARE identified that Metformin acted by increasing Bmal1/Nrf2-mediated antioxidant expression. Data showed that AMPK-activation was a requisite for Bmal1/Nrf2-antioxidants-mediated defense, as pharmacologically inactivating AMPK impeded the Metformin's effect. Collectively, the results for the first-time shed light on the hitherto incompletely uncovered crosstalk between the AMPK and Bmal1/Nrf2/antioxidants mediated by Metformin for blunting oxidative/aging-linked pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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A time to heal: microRNA and circadian dynamics in cutaneous wound repair. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:579-597. [PMID: 35445708 PMCID: PMC9069467 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many biological systems have evolved circadian rhythms based on the daily cycles of daylight and darkness on Earth. Such rhythms are synchronised or entrained to 24-h cycles, predominantly by light, and disruption of the normal circadian rhythms has been linked to elevation of multiple health risks. The skin serves as a protective barrier to prevent microbial infection and maintain homoeostasis of the underlying tissue and the whole organism. However, in chronic non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), pressure sores, venous and arterial ulcers, a variety of factors conspire to prevent wound repair. On the other hand, keloids and hypertrophic scars arise from overactive repair mechanisms that fail to cease in a timely fashion, leading to excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as such as collagen. Recent years have seen huge increases in our understanding of the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in wound repair. Concomitantly, there has been growing recognition of miRNA roles in circadian processes, either as regulators or targets of clock activity or direct responders to external circadian stimuli. In addition, miRNAs are now known to function as intercellular signalling mediators through extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we explore the intersection of mechanisms by which circadian and miRNA responses interact with each other in relation to wound repair in the skin, using keratinocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts as exemplars. We highlight areas for further investigation to support the development of translational insights to support circadian medicine in the context of these cells.
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Mathematical analysis of robustness of oscillations in models of the mammalian circadian clock. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1008340. [PMID: 35302984 PMCID: PMC8979472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in a wide range of organisms are mediated by molecular mechanisms based on transcription-translation feedback. In this paper, we use bifurcation theory to explore mathematical models of genetic oscillators, based on Kim & Forger’s interpretation of the circadian clock in mammals. At the core of their models is a negative feedback loop whereby PER proteins (PER1 and PER2) bind to and inhibit their transcriptional activator, BMAL1. For oscillations to occur, the dissociation constant of the PER:BMAL1 complex, K^d, must be ≤ 0.04 nM, which is orders of magnitude smaller than a reasonable expectation of 1–10 nM for this protein complex. We relax this constraint by two modifications to Kim & Forger’s ‘single negative feedback’ (SNF) model: first, by introducing a multistep reaction chain for posttranscriptional modifications of Per mRNA and posttranslational phosphorylations of PER, and second, by replacing the first-order rate law for degradation of PER in the nucleus by a Michaelis-Menten rate law. These modifications increase the maximum allowable K^d to ~2 nM. In a third modification, we consider an alternative rate law for gene transcription to resolve an unrealistically large rate of Per2 transcription at very low concentrations of BMAL1. Additionally, we studied extensions of the SNF model to include a second negative feedback loop (involving REV-ERB) and a supplementary positive feedback loop (involving ROR). Contrary to Kim & Forger’s observations of these extended models, we find that, with our modifications, the supplementary positive feedback loop makes the oscillations more robust than observed in the models with one or two negative feedback loops. However, all three models are similarly robust when accounting for circadian rhythms (~24 h period) with K^d ≥ 1 nM. Our results provide testable predictions for future experimental studies. The circadian rhythm aligns bodily functions to the day/night cycle and is important for our health. The rhythm originates from an intracellular molecular clock mechanism that mediates rhythmic gene expression. It is long understood that transcriptional negative feedback with sufficient time delay is key to generating circadian oscillations. However, some of the most widely cited mathematical models for the circadian clock suffer from problems of parameter ‘fragilities’. That is, sustained oscillations are possible only for physically unrealistic parameter values. A recent model by Kim & Forger nicely incorporates the inhibitory binding of PER proteins to their transcription activator BMAL1, but oscillations in the Kim-Forger model require a binding affinity between PER and BMAL1 that is orders of magnitude larger than observed binding affinities of protein complexes. To rectify this problem, we make several physiologically credible modifications to the Kim-Forger model, which allow oscillations to occur with more realistic binding affinities. The modified model is further extended to explore the potential roles of supplementary feedback loops in the mammalian clock mechanism. Ultimately, accurate models of the circadian clock will provide better predictive tools for chronotherapy and chrono-pharmacology studies.
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Mahendra CK, Ser HL, Pusparajah P, Htar TT, Chuah LH, Yap WH, Tang YQ, Zengin G, Tang SY, Lee WL, Liew KB, Ming LC, Goh BH. Cosmeceutical Therapy: Engaging the Repercussions of UVR Photoaging on the Skin's Circadian Rhythm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2884. [PMID: 35270025 PMCID: PMC8911461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunlight is an important factor in regulating the central circadian rhythm, including the modulation of our sleep/wake cycles. Sunlight had also been discovered to have a prominent influence on our skin's circadian rhythm. Overexposure or prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin photodamage, such as the formation of irregular pigmentation, collagen degradation, DNA damage, and even skin cancer. Hence, this review will be looking into the detrimental effects of sunlight on our skin, not only at the aspect of photoaging but also at its impact on the skin's circadian rhythm. The growing market trend of natural-product-based cosmeceuticals as also caused us to question their potential to modulate the skin's circadian rhythm. Questions about how the skin's circadian rhythm could counteract photodamage and how best to maximize its biopotential will be discussed in this article. These discoveries regarding the skin's circadian rhythm have opened up a completely new level of understanding of our skin's molecular mechanism and may very well aid cosmeceutical companies, in the near future, to develop better products that not only suppress photoaging but remain effective and relevant throughout the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Keisha Mahendra
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (C.K.M.); (T.T.H.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; or
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (C.K.M.); (T.T.H.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (C.K.M.); (T.T.H.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (W.H.Y.); (Y.-Q.T.)
- Centre of Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yin-Quan Tang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (W.H.Y.); (Y.-Q.T.)
- Centre of Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia;
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (C.K.M.); (T.T.H.); (L.-H.C.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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Yildirim E, Curtis R, Hwangbo DS. Roles of peripheral clocks: lessons from the fly. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:263-293. [PMID: 34862983 PMCID: PMC8844272 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to and anticipate rhythmic changes in the environment such as daily light-dark and temperature cycles, internal timekeeping mechanisms called biological clocks evolved in a diverse set of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to humans. These biological clocks play critical roles in organisms' fitness and survival by temporally aligning physiological and behavioral processes to the external cues. The central clock is located in a small subset of neurons in the brain and drives daily activity rhythms, whereas most peripheral tissues harbor their own clock systems, which generate metabolic and physiological rhythms. Since the discovery of Drosophila melanogaster clock mutants in the early 1970s, the fruit fly has become an extensively studied model organism to investigate the mechanism and functions of circadian clocks. In this review, we primarily focus on D. melanogaster to survey key discoveries and progresses made over the past two decades in our understanding of peripheral clocks. We discuss physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of peripheral clocks in several different peripheral tissues of the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Curtis
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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35
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Dion W, Ballance H, Lee J, Pan Y, Irfan S, Edwards C, Sun M, Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu S, Zhu B. Four-dimensional nuclear speckle phase separation dynamics regulate proteostasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4150. [PMID: 34985945 PMCID: PMC8730402 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation and biorhythms control biological processes in the spatial and temporal dimensions, respectively, but mechanisms of four-dimensional integration remain elusive. Here, we identified an evolutionarily conserved XBP1s-SON axis that establishes a cell-autonomous mammalian 12-hour ultradian rhythm of nuclear speckle liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) dynamics, separate from both the 24-hour circadian clock and the cell cycle. Higher expression of nuclear speckle scaffolding protein SON, observed at early morning/early afternoon, generates diffuse and fluid nuclear speckles, increases their interactions with chromatin proactively, transcriptionally amplifies the unfolded protein response, and protects against proteome stress, whereas the opposites are observed following reduced SON level at early evening/late morning. Correlative Son and proteostasis gene expression dynamics are further observed across the entire mouse life span. Our results suggest that by modulating the temporal dynamics of proteostasis, the nuclear speckle LLPS may represent a previously unidentified (chrono)-therapeutic target for pathologies associated with dysregulated proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Dion
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather Ballance
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jane Lee
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Saad Irfan
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Casey Edwards
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Sun
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
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36
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Tartour K, Padmanabhan K. The Clock Takes Shape-24 h Dynamics in Genome Topology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:799971. [PMID: 35047508 PMCID: PMC8762244 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.799971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms orchestrate organismal physiology and behavior in order to anticipate daily changes in the environment. Virtually all cells have an internal rhythm that is synchronized every day by Zeitgebers (environmental cues). The synchrony between clocks within the animal enables the fitness and the health of organisms. Conversely, disruption of rhythms is linked to a variety of disorders: aging, cancer, metabolic diseases, and psychological disorders among others. At the cellular level, mammalian circadian rhythms are built on several layers of complexity. The transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) was the first to be described in the 90s. Thereafter oscillations in epigenetic marks highlighted the role of chromatin state in organizing the TTFL. More recently, studies on the 3D organization of the genome suggest that genome topology could be yet another layer of control on cellular circadian rhythms. The dynamic nature of genome topology over a solar day implies that the 3D mammalian genome has to be considered in the fourth dimension-in time. Whether oscillations in genome topology are a consequence of 24 h gene-expression or a driver of transcriptional cycles remains an open question. All said and done, circadian clock-gated phenomena such as gene expression, DNA damage response, cell metabolism and animal behavior-go hand in hand with 24 h rhythms in genome topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tartour
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Kiran Padmanabhan
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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37
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Solá P, Zinna VM. Isolation and Sorting of Epidermal Interfollicular Stem Cells for the Study of Circadian Rhythms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2482:243-253. [PMID: 35610431 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal and interfollicular stem cell proliferation and differentiation are controlled in a circadian manner, in order to anticipate the daily environmental challenges. For this reason, examining the circadian transcriptome of interfollicular stem cells has become a central technique for functional skin studies. In this chapter, we describe a widely adopted protocol for the isolation and analysis of circadian rhythms in adult stem cells of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Solá
- Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Zhang W, Xiong Y, Tao R, Panayi AC, Mi B, Liu G. Emerging Insight Into the Role of Circadian Clock Gene BMAL1 in Cellular Senescence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915139. [PMID: 35733785 PMCID: PMC9207346 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence is a crucial process in cell fate determination and is involved in an extensive array of aging-associated diseases. General perceptions and experimental evidence point out that the decline of physical function as well as aging-associated diseases are often initiated by cell senescence and organ ageing. Therefore, regulation of cell senescence process can be a promising way to handle aging-associated diseases such as osteoporosis. The circadian clock regulates a wide range of cellular and physiological activities, and many age-linked degenerative disorders are associated with the dysregulation of clock genes. BMAL1 is a core circadian transcription factor and governs downstream genes by binding to the E-box elements in their promoters. Compelling evidence has proposed the role of BMAL1 in cellular senescence and aging-associated diseases. In this review, we summarize the linkage between BMAL1 and factors of cell senescence including oxidative stress, metabolism, and the genotoxic stress response. Dysregulated and dampened BMAL1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target against aging- associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranyang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guohui Liu, ; Bobin Mi,
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guohui Liu, ; Bobin Mi,
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Stenger S, Grasshoff H, Hundt JE, Lange T. Potential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000951. [PMID: 36865523 PMCID: PMC9972893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, impaired host and tumor defense and dysregulated immune responses to harmless antigens such as allergens or auto-antigens. Thus, shift workers are at higher risk to develop a systemic autoimmune disease and circadian disruption with sleep impairment seem to be the key underlying mechanisms. Presumably, disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle also drive skin-specific autoimmune diseases, but epidemiological and experimental evidence so far is scarce. This review summarizes the effects of shift work, circadian misalignment, poor sleep, and the effect of potential hormonal mediators such as stress mediators or melatonin on skin barrier functions and on innate and adaptive skin immunity. Human studies as well as animal models were considered. We will also address advantages and potential pitfalls in animal models of shift work, and possible confounders that could drive skin autoimmune diseases in shift workers such as adverse lifestyle habits and psychosocial influences. Finally, we will outline feasible countermeasures that may reduce the risk of systemic and skin autoimmunity in shift workers, as well as treatment options and highlight outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stenger
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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40
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Goodenow D, Greer AJ, Cone SJ, Gaddameedhi S. Circadian effects on UV-induced damage and mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108413. [PMID: 35690416 PMCID: PMC9188652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer in the United States, and while most of these malignancies are highly treatable, treatment costs still exceed $8 billion annually. Over the last 50 years, the annual incidence of skin cancer has steadily grown; therefore, understanding the environmental factors driving these types of cancer is a prominent research-focus. A causality between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and skin cancer is well-established, but exposure to UVR alone is not necessarily sufficient to induce carcinogenesis. The emerging field of circadian biology intersects strongly with the physiological systems of the mammalian body and introduces a unique opportunity for analyzing mechanisms of homeostatic disruption. The circadian clock refers to the approximate 24-hour cycle, in which protein levels of specific clock-controlled genes (CCGs) fluctuate based on the time of day. Though these CCGs are tissue specific, the skin has been observed to have a robust circadian clock that plays a role in its response to UVR exposure. This in-depth review will detail the mechanisms of the circadian clock and its role in cellular homeostasis. Next, the skin's response to UVR exposure and its induction of DNA damage and mutations will be covered - with an additional focus placed on how the circadian clock influences this response through nucleotide excision repair. Lastly, this review will discuss current models for studying UVR-induced skin lesions and perturbations of the circadian clock, as well as the impact of these factors on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Goodenow
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Adam J Greer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sean J Cone
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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41
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Khan S, Cvammen W, Anabtawi N, Choi JH, Kemp MG. XPA is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin L during lysis of quiescent cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 109:103260. [PMID: 34883264 PMCID: PMC8748394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein plays an essential role in the removal of UV photoproducts and other bulky lesions from DNA as a component of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. Using cell lysates prepared from confluent cultures of human cells and from human skin epidermis, we observed an additional XPA antibody-reactive band on immunoblots that was approximately 3-4 kDa smaller than the native, full-length XPA protein. Biochemical studies revealed this smaller molecular weight XPA species to be due to proteolysis at the C-terminus of the protein, which negatively impacted the ability of XPA to interact with the NER protein TFIIH. Further work identified the endopeptidase cathepsin L, which is expressed at higher levels in quiescent cells, as the protease responsible for cleaving XPA during cell lysis. These results suggest that supplementation of lysis buffers with inhibitors of cathepsin L is important to prevent cleavage of XPA during lysis of confluent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - William Cvammen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Nadeen Anabtawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea;,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio;,Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Silva BM, da Silva ABJ, de Melo FL, Ramos REM. Targeted Use of Placebo Effects Decreases Experimental Itch in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 111:540. [PMID: 34784420 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Machado Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/ Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Lopes de Melo
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM/FIOCRUZ), Recife-PE, Brazil
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43
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Cai YD, Chiu JC. Timeless in animal circadian clocks and beyond. FEBS J 2021; 289:6559-6575. [PMID: 34699674 PMCID: PMC9038958 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TIMELESS (TIM) was first identified as a molecular cog in the Drosophila circadian clock. Almost three decades of investigations have resulted in an insightful model describing the critical role of Drosophila TIM (dTIM) in circadian timekeeping in insects, including its function in mediating light entrainment and temperature compensation of the molecular clock. Furthermore, exciting discoveries on its sequence polymorphism and thermosensitive alternative RNA splicing have also established its role in regulating seasonal biology. Although mammalian TIM (mTIM), its mammalian paralog, was first identified as a potential circadian clock component in 1990s due to sequence similarity to dTIM, its role in clock regulation has been more controversial. Mammalian TIM has now been characterized as a DNA replication fork component and has been shown to promote fork progression and participate in cell cycle checkpoint signaling in response to DNA damage. Despite defective circadian rhythms displayed by mtim mutants, it remains controversial whether the regulation of circadian clocks by mTIM is direct, especially given the interconnection between the cell cycle and circadian clocks. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the identification of animal tim genes, summarize the roles of TIM proteins in biological timing and genomic stability, and draw parallels between dTIM and mTIM despite apparent functional divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao D Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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Duan J, Greenberg EN, Karri SS, Andersen B. The circadian clock and diseases of the skin. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2413-2436. [PMID: 34535902 PMCID: PMC8515909 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have an evolutionarily conserved internal rhythm that helps them anticipate and adapt to daily changes in the environment. Synchronized to the light-dark cycle with a period of around 24 hours, the timing of the circadian clock is set by light-triggering signals sent from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Other inputs, including food intake, exercise, and temperature, also affect clocks in peripheral tissues, including skin. Here, we review the intricate interplay between the core clock network and fundamental physiological processes in skin such as homeostasis, regeneration, and immune- and stress responses. We illustrate the effect of feeding time on the skin circadian clock and skin functions, a previously overlooked area of research. We then discuss works that relate the circadian clock and its disruption to skin diseases, including skin cancer, sunburn, hair loss, aging, infections, inflammatory skin diseases, and wound healing. Finally, we highlight the promise of circadian medicine for skin disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Duan
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Elyse Noelani Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Satya Swaroop Karri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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45
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Palomino-Segura M, Hidalgo A. Circadian immune circuits. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211639. [PMID: 33372990 PMCID: PMC7774593 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are gated to protect the host against specific antigens and microbes, a task that is achieved through antigen- and pattern-specific receptors. Less appreciated is that in order to optimize responses and to avoid collateral damage to the host, immune responses must be additionally gated in intensity and time. An evolutionary solution to this challenge is provided by the circadian clock, an ancient time-keeping mechanism that anticipates environmental changes and represents a fundamental property of immunity. Immune responses, however, are not exclusive to immune cells and demand the coordinated action of nonhematopoietic cells interspersed within the architecture of tissues. Here, we review the circadian features of innate immunity as they encompass effector immune cells as well as structural cells that orchestrate their responses in space and time. We finally propose models in which the central clock, structural elements, and immune cells establish multidirectional circadian circuits that may shape the efficacy and strength of immune responses and other physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Palomino-Segura
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sarkar S, Porter KI, Dakup PP, Gajula RP, Koritala BSC, Hylton R, Kemp MG, Wakamatsu K, Gaddameedhi S. Circadian clock protein BMAL1 regulates melanogenesis through MITF in melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:955-965. [PMID: 34160901 PMCID: PMC8429232 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) is one of the leading causes of various skin conditions, including photoaging, sunburn erythema, and melanoma. As a protective response, the skin has inbuilt defense mechanisms, including DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, and melanin synthesis. Though DNA repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis are clock controlled, the circadian mechanisms associated with melanin synthesis are not well understood. Using human melanocytes and melanoma cells under synchronized clock conditions, we observed that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a rate-limiting protein in melanin synthesis, is expressed rhythmically with 24-hr periodicity in the presence of circadian clock protein, BMAL1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BMAL1 binds to the promoter region of MITF and transcriptionally regulates its expression, which positively influences melanin synthesis. Finally, we report that an increase in melanin levels due to BMAL1 overexpression protects human melanoma cells from UVB. In conclusion, our studies provide novel insights into the mechanistic role of the circadian clock in melanin synthesis and protection against UVB-mediated DNA damage and genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Porter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Panshak P. Dakup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Rajendra P. Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Bala S. C. Koritala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Ryan Hylton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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47
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Levine DC, Ramsey KM, Bass J. Circadian NAD(P)(H) cycles in cell metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:15-26. [PMID: 34281771 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic circadian clocks are present in all forms of photosensitive life, enabling daily anticipation of the light/dark cycle and separation of energy storage and utilization cycles on a 24-h timescale. The core mechanism underlying circadian rhythmicity involves a cell-autonomous transcription/translation feedback loop that in turn drives rhythmic organismal physiology. In mammals, genetic studies have established that the core clock plays an essential role in maintaining metabolic health through actions within both brain pacemaker neurons and peripheral tissues and that disruption of the clock contributes to disease. Peripheral clocks, in turn, can be entrained by metabolic cues. In this review, we focus on the role of the nucleotide NAD(P)(H) and NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylases as integrators of circadian and metabolic cycles, as well as the implications for this interrelationship in healthful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Levine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathryn M Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms increases the risk of several types of cancer. Mammalian cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) are circadian transcriptional repressors that are related to DNA-repair enzymes. While CRYs lack DNA-repair activity, they modulate the transcriptional response to DNA damage, and CRY2 can promote SKP1 cullin 1-F-box (SCF)FBXL3-mediated ubiquitination of c-MYC and other targets. Here, we characterize five mutations in CRY2 observed in human cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We demonstrate that two orthologous mutations of mouse CRY2 (D325H and S510L) accelerate the growth of primary mouse fibroblasts expressing high levels of c-MYC. Neither mutant affects steady-state levels of overexpressed c-MYC, and they have divergent impacts on circadian rhythms and on the ability of CRY2 to interact with SCFFBXL3 Unexpectedly, stable expression of either CRY2 D325H or of CRY2 S510L robustly suppresses P53 target-gene expression, suggesting that this may be a primary mechanism by which they influence cell growth.
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49
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The Impact of the Circadian Clock on Skin Physiology and Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116112. [PMID: 34204077 PMCID: PMC8201366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are growing in incidence worldwide and are primarily caused by exposures to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight. UV radiation induces the formation of photoproducts and other lesions in DNA that if not removed by DNA repair may lead to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Though the factors that cause skin carcinogenesis are reasonably well understood, studies over the past 10–15 years have linked the timing of UV exposure to DNA repair and skin carcinogenesis and implicate a role for the body’s circadian clock in UV response and disease risk. Here we review what is known about the skin circadian clock, how it affects various aspects of skin physiology, and the factors that affect circadian rhythms in the skin. Furthermore, the molecular understanding of the circadian clock has led to the development of small molecules that target clock proteins; thus, we discuss the potential use of such compounds for manipulating circadian clock-controlled processes in the skin to modulate responses to UV radiation and mitigate cancer risk.
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50
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Ruby CL, Major RJ, Hinrichsen RD. Regulation of tissue regeneration by the circadian clock. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3576-3597. [PMID: 33893679 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are regulated by a highly conserved transcriptional/translational feedback loop that maintains approximately 24-hr periodicity from cellular to organismal levels. Much research effort is being devoted to understanding how the outputs of the master clock affect peripheral oscillators, and in turn, numerous biological processes. Recent studies have revealed roles for circadian timing in the regulation of numerous cellular behaviours in support of complex tissue regeneration. One such role involves the interaction between the circadian clockwork and the cell cycle. The molecular mechanisms that control the cell cycle create a system of regulation that allows for high fidelity DNA synthesis, mitosis and apoptosis. In recent years, it has become clear that clock gene products are required for proper DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, and conversely, elements of the cell cycle cascade feedback to influence molecular circadian timing mechanisms. It is through this crosstalk that the circadian system orchestrates stem cell proliferation, niche exit and control of the signalling pathways that govern differentiation and self-renewal. In this review, we discuss the evidence for circadian control of tissue homeostasis and repair and suggest new avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ruby
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Major
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
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