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Tauer JT, Thiele T, Julien C, Ofer L, Zaslansky P, Shahar R, Willie BM. Swim training induces distinct osseous gene expression patterns in anosteocytic and osteocytic teleost fish. Bone 2024; 185:117125. [PMID: 38754573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The traditional understanding of bone mechanosensation implicates osteocytes, canaliculi, and the lacunocanalicular network in biomechanical adaptation. However, recent findings challenge this notion, as shown in advanced teleost fish where anosteocytic bone lacking osteocytes are nevertheless responsive to mechanical load. To investigate specific molecular mechanisms involved in bone mechanoadaptation in osteocytic and anosteocytic fish bone, we conducted a 5-min single swim-training experiment with zebrafish and ricefish, respectively. Through RNASeq analysis of fish spines, analyzed at various time points following swim training, we uncovered distinct gene expression patterns in osteocytic and anosteocytic fish bones. Notably, osteocytic fish bone exhibited an early response to mechanical load, contrasting to a delayed response observed in anosteocytic fish bones, both within 8 h following stimulation. We identified an increase in osteoblast differentiation in anosteocytic bone following training, while chordoblast activity was delayed. This temporal response suggests a time-dependent adaptation in anosteocytic bone, indicating the presence of intricate feedback networks within bone that lacks osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine T Tauer
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Tobias Thiele
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Julien
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lior Ofer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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2
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Guerrero-Limón G, Zappia J, Muller M. A realistic mixture of ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants affects bone and cartilage development in zebrafish by interaction with nuclear receptor signaling. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298956. [PMID: 38547142 PMCID: PMC10977810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)" have a plethora of deleterious effects on humans and the environment due to their bioaccumulative, persistent, and mimicking properties. Individually, each of these chemicals has been tested and its effects measured, however they are rather found as parts of complex mixtures of which we do not fully grasp the extent of their potential consequences. Here we studied the effects of realistic, environmentally relevant mixtures of 29 POPs on cartilage and bone development using zebrafish as a model species. We observed developmental issues in cartilage, in the form of diverse malformations such as micrognathia, reduced size of the Meckel's and other structures. Also, mineralized bone formation was disrupted, hence impacting the overall development of the larvae at later life stages. Assessment of the transcriptome revealed disruption of nuclear receptor pathways, such as androgen, vitamin D, and retinoic acid, that may explain the mechanisms of action of the compounds within the tested mixtures. In addition, clustering of the compounds using their chemical signatures revealed structural similarities with the model chemicals vitamin D and retinoic acid that can explain the effects and/or enhancing the phenotypes we witnessed. Further mechanistic studies will be required to fully understand this kind of molecular interactions and their repercussions in organisms. Our results contribute to the already existing catalogue of deleterious effects caused by exposure to POPs and help to understand the potential consequences in at risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Guerrero-Limón
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU-Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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3
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Pogoda HM, Riedl-Quinkertz I, Hammerschmidt M. Direct BMP signaling to chordoblasts is required for the initiation of segmented notochord sheath mineralization in zebrafish vertebral column development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1107339. [PMID: 37223044 PMCID: PMC10200950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebral column, with the centra as its iteratively arranged building blocks, represents the anatomical key feature of the vertebrate phylum. In contrast to amniotes, where vertebrae are formed from chondrocytes and osteoblasts deriving from the segmentally organized neural crest or paraxial sclerotome, teleost vertebral column development is initiated by chordoblasts of the primarily unsegmented axial notochord, while sclerotomal cells only contribute to later steps of vertebrae formation. Yet, for both mammalian and teleostean model systems, unrestricted signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) or retinoic acid (RA) has been reported to cause fusions of vertebral elements, while the interplay of the two signaling processes and their exact cellular targets remain largely unknown. Here, we address this interplay in zebrafish, identifying BMPs as potent and indispensable factors that, as formerly shown for RA, directly signal to notochord epithelial cells/chordoblasts to promote entpd5a expression and thereby metameric notochord sheath mineralization. In contrast to RA, however, which promotes sheath mineralization at the expense of further collagen secretion and sheath formation, BMP defines an earlier transitory stage of chordoblasts, characterized by sustained matrix production/col2a1 expression and concomitant matrix mineralization/entpd5a expression. BMP-RA epistasis analyses further indicate that RA can only affect chordoblasts and their further progression to merely mineralizing cells after they have received BMP signals to enter the transitory col2a1/entpd5a double-positive stage. This way, both signals ensure consecutively for proper mineralization of the notochord sheath within segmented sections along its anteroposterior axis. Our work sheds further light onto the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate early steps of vertebral column segmentation in teleosts. Similarities and differences to BMP's working mechanisms during mammalian vertebral column formation and the pathomechanisms underlying human bone diseases such as Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) caused by constitutively active BMP signaling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Martin Pogoda
- Institute of Zoology – Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Riedl-Quinkertz
- Institute of Zoology – Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology – Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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4
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Drábiková L, Fjelldal PG, Yousaf MN, Morken T, De Clercq A, McGurk C, Witten PE. Elevated Water CO 2 Can Prevent Dietary-Induced Osteomalacia in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar, L.). Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040663. [PMID: 37189410 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of land-based systems in fish farms elevate the content of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water. High CO2 is suggested to increase the bone mineral content in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.). Conversely, low dietary phosphorus (P) halts bone mineralization. This study examines if high CO2 can counteract reduced bone mineralization imposed by low dietary P intake. Atlantic salmon post-seawater transfer (initial weight 207.03 g) were fed diets containing 6.3 g/kg (0.5P), 9.0 g/kg (1P), or 26.8 g/kg (3P) total P for 13 weeks. Atlantic salmon from all dietary P groups were reared in seawater which was not injected with CO2 and contained a regular CO2 level (5 mg/L) or in seawater with injected CO2 thus raising the level to 20 mg/L. Atlantic salmon were analyzed for blood chemistry, bone mineral content, vertebral centra deformities, mechanical properties, bone matrix alterations, expression of bone mineralization, and P metabolism-related genes. High CO2 and high P reduced Atlantic salmon growth and feed intake. High CO2 increased bone mineralization when dietary P was low. Atlantic salmon fed with a low P diet downregulated the fgf23 expression in bone cells indicating an increased renal phosphate reabsorption. The current results suggest that reduced dietary P could be sufficient to maintain bone mineralization under conditions of elevated CO2. This opens up a possibility for lowering the dietary P content under certain farming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Drábiková
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Per Gunnar Fjelldal
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Matre Research Station, N-5984 Matredal, Norway
| | | | - Thea Morken
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Sjøhagen 3, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Sjøhagen 3, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Coppola A, Lombari P, Mazzella E, Capolongo G, Simeoni M, Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Borriello M. Zebrafish as a Model of Cardiac Pathology and Toxicity: Spotlight on Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065656. [PMID: 36982730 PMCID: PMC10052014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health care problem. About 10% of the general population is affected by CKD, representing the sixth cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular events are the main mortality cause in CKD, with a cardiovascular risk 10 times higher in these patients than the rate observed in healthy subjects. The gradual decline of the kidney leads to the accumulation of uremic solutes with a negative effect on every organ, especially on the cardiovascular system. Mammalian models, sharing structural and functional similarities with humans, have been widely used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms and test new therapies, but many of them are rather expensive and difficult to manipulate. Over the last few decades, zebrafish has become a powerful non-mammalian model to study alterations associated with human disease. The high conservation of gene function, low cost, small size, rapid growth, and easiness of genetic manipulation are just some of the features of this experimental model. More specifically, embryonic cardiac development and physiological responses to exposure to numerous toxin substances are similar to those observed in mammals, making zebrafish an ideal model to study cardiac development, toxicity, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Mazzella
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Zebrafish Models to Study Ectopic Calcification and Calcium-Associated Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043366. [PMID: 36834795 PMCID: PMC9967340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic calcification refers to the pathological accumulation of calcium ions in soft tissues and is often the result of a dysregulated action or disrupted function of proteins involved in extracellular matrix mineralization. While the mouse has traditionally been the go-to model organism for the study of pathologies associated with abnormal calcium deposition, many mouse mutants often have exacerbated phenotypes and die prematurely, limiting the understanding of the disease and the development of effective therapies. Since the mechanisms underlying ectopic calcification share some analogy with those of bone formation, the zebrafish (Danio rerio)-a well-established model for studying osteogenesis and mineralogenesis-has recently gained momentum as a model to study ectopic calcification disorders. In this review, we outline the mechanisms of ectopic mineralization in zebrafish, provide insights into zebrafish mutants that share phenotypic similarities with human pathological mineralization disorders, list the compounds capable of rescuing mutant phenotypes, and describe current methods to induce and characterize ectopic calcification in zebrafish.
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7
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Differential plasma protein expression after ingestion of essential amino acid-based dietary supplement verses whey protein in low physical functioning older adults. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00725-5. [PMID: 36720768 PMCID: PMC10400527 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we were able to demonstrate the superiority of a dietary supplement composed of essential amino acids (EAAs) over whey protein, in older adults with low physical function. In this paper, we describe the comparative plasma protein expression in the same subject groups of EAAs vs whey. The plasma proteomics data was generated using SOMA scan assay. A total of twenty proteins were found to be differentially expressed in both groups with a 1.5-fold change. Notably, five proteins showed a significantly higher fold change expression in the EAA group which included adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1, casein kinase II 2-alpha, Nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha, peroxiredoxin-1, and peroxiredoxin-6. These five proteins might have played a significant role in providing energy for the improved cardiac and muscle strength of older adults with LPF. On the other hand, fifteen proteins showed slightly lower fold change expression in the EAA group. Some of these 15 proteins regulate metabolism and were found to be associated with inflammation or other comorbidities. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed the association of these proteins with several biological processes. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction network analysis also showed distinct networks between upregulated and downregulated proteins. In conclusion, the important biological roles of the upregulated proteins plus better physical function of participants in the EAAs vs whey group demonstrated that EAAs have the potential to improve muscle strength and physical function in older adults. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03424265 "Nutritional interventions in heart failure."
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8
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Henke K, Farmer DT, Niu X, Kraus JM, Galloway JL, Youngstrom DW. Genetically engineered zebrafish as models of skeletal development and regeneration. Bone 2023; 167:116611. [PMID: 36395960 PMCID: PMC11080330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are aquatic vertebrates with significant homology to their terrestrial counterparts. While zebrafish have a centuries-long track record in developmental and regenerative biology, their utility has grown exponentially with the onset of modern genetics. This is exemplified in studies focused on skeletal development and repair. Herein, the numerous contributions of zebrafish to our understanding of the basic science of cartilage, bone, tendon/ligament, and other skeletal tissues are described, with a particular focus on applications to development and regeneration. We summarize the genetic strengths that have made the zebrafish a powerful model to understand skeletal biology. We also highlight the large body of existing tools and techniques available to understand skeletal development and repair in the zebrafish and introduce emerging methods that will aid in novel discoveries in skeletal biology. Finally, we review the unique contributions of zebrafish to our understanding of regeneration and highlight diverse routes of repair in different contexts of injury. We conclude that zebrafish will continue to fill a niche of increasing breadth and depth in the study of basic cellular mechanisms of skeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Henke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - D'Juan T Farmer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Xubo Niu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jessica M Kraus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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9
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From Myricetin to the Discovery of Novel Natural Human ENPP1 Inhibitors: A Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and MM/GBSA Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196175. [PMID: 36234712 PMCID: PMC9573336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently revealed that naturally occurring myricetin can inhibit ectonucleotidase ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which, in turn, can treat ischemic cardiac injury. However, due to myricetin’s poor druggability, its further developments are relatively limited, which necessitates the discovery of novel ENPP1-inhibiting myricetin analogs as alternatives. In this study, the binding model of myricetin with ENPP1 was elucidated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. Subsequently, virtual screening on the self-developed flavonoid natural product database (FNPD), led to the identification of two flavonoid glycosides (Cas No: 1397173-50-0 and 1169835-58-8), as potential ENPP1 inhibitors. Docking scores and MM/GBSA binding energies predicted that they might have higher inhibitory effects than myricetin. This study provides a strong foundation for the future development of ischemic cardiac injury drugs.
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10
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Ralph D, Levine MA, Richard G, Morrow M, Flynn E, Uitto J, Li Q. Mutation update: Variants of the ENPP1 gene in pathologic calcification, hypophosphatemic rickets, and cutaneous hypopigmentation with punctate keratoderma. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1183-1200. [PMID: 35475527 PMCID: PMC9357117 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ENPP1 encodes ENPP1, an ectonucleotidase catalyzing hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), and an endogenous plasma protein physiologically preventing ectopic calcification of connective tissues. Mutations in ENPP1 have been reported in association with a range of human genetic diseases. In this mutation update, we provide a comprehensive review of all the pathogenic variants, likely pathogenic variants, and variants of unknown significance in ENPP1 associated with three autosomal recessive disorders-generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 (ARHR2), and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), as well as with a predominantly autosomal dominant disorder-Cole disease. The classification of all variants is determined using the latest ACMG guidelines. A total of 140 ENPP1 variants were curated consisting of 133 previously reported variants and seven novel variants, with missense variants being the most prevalent (70.0%, 98/140). While the pathogenic variants are widely distributed in the ENPP1 gene of patientsgen without apparent genotype-phenotype correlation, eight out of nine variants associated with Cole disease are confined to the somatomedin-B-like (SMB) domains critical for homo-dimerization of the ENPP1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ralph
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael A. Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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11
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Nie CH, Wan SM, Chen YL, Huysseune A, Wu YM, Zhou JJ, Hilsdorf AWS, Wang WM, Witten PE, Lin Q, Gao ZX. Single-cell transcriptomes and runx2b-/- mutants reveal the genetic signatures of intermuscular bone formation in zebrafish. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac152. [PMID: 36478733 PMCID: PMC9718792 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermuscular bones (IBs) are mineralized spicules, present in the myosepta of many, but not all, teleost species. IBs are often small and sharp, and they consequently limit how the fish can be processed; the IBs may cause injury or trauma if lodged in consumers' throats or mouths, and therefore affect the appeal of the fish to many consumers. The development of IBs in teleosts is still not fully understood and the molecular basis of IB development remains to be established. Here, the characteristics of IB tissue are evaluated based on single-cell transcriptomics in wild-type zebrafish. The analysis defined 18 distinct cell types. Differentiation trajectories showed that IBs are derived from tendons and that a core tendon-osteoblast cell lineage is related to IB formation. In particular, the functions of 10 candidate genes were evaluated via CRISPR-Cas9 mutants. Among those, runx2b-/- mutants completely lost IBs, while swimming performance, growth and bone mineral density were not significantly different from runx2b+/+ zebrafish. Comparative single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis in runx2b-/- and runx2b+/+ zebrafish revealed the role of osteoblasts in IB formation. In addition, differentially expressed genes were enriched in the transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein (TGF-β/BMP) pathway after runx2b deletion. This study provides evidence for the crucial role of runx2b regulation in IB formation. Genetic breeding can target runx2b regulation and generate strains of commercial fish species without IBs, which can improve the safe consumption and economic value of many farmed fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ann Huysseune
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Ya-Ming Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Wei-Min Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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12
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Oginuma M, Nishida M, Ohmura-Adachi T, Abe K, Ogamino S, Mogi C, Matsui H, Ishitani T. Rapid reverse genetics systems for Nothobranchius furzeri, a suitable model organism to study vertebrate aging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11628. [PMID: 35804091 PMCID: PMC9270483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The African turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri (N. furzeri) is a useful model organism for studying aging, age-related diseases, and embryonic diapause. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout and Tol2 transposon-mediated transgenesis in N. furzeri have been reported previously. However, these methods take time to generate knockout and transgenic fish. In addition, knock-in technology that inserts large DNA fragments as fluorescent reporter constructs into the target gene in N. furzeri has not yet been established. Here, we show that triple-target CRISPR-mediated single gene disruption efficiently produces whole-body biallelic knockout and enables the examination of gene function in the F0 generation. In addition, we developed a method for creating the knock-in reporter N. furzeri without crossing by optimizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These methods drastically reduce the duration of experiments, and we think that these advances will accelerate aging and developmental studies using N. furzeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Oginuma
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moana Nishida
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ohmura-Adachi
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kota Abe
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Ogamino
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Chihiro Mogi
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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13
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Heat Shock Alters the Proteomic Profile of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137233. [PMID: 35806237 PMCID: PMC9267023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the impact of heat stress on cell differentiation in an equine mesenchymal stem cell model (EMSC) through the application of heat stress to primary EMSCs as they progressed through the cell specialization process. A proteomic analysis was performed using mass spectrometry to compare relative protein abundances among the proteomes of three cell types: progenitor EMSCs and differentiated osteoblasts and adipocytes, maintained at 37 °C and 42 °C during the process of cell differentiation. A cell-type and temperature-specific response to heat stress was observed, and many of the specific differentially expressed proteins were involved in cell-signaling pathways such as Notch and Wnt signaling, which are known to regulate cellular development. Furthermore, cytoskeletal proteins profilin, DSTN, SPECC1, and DAAM2 showed increased protein levels in osteoblasts differentiated at 42 °C as compared with 37 °C, and these cells, while they appeared to accumulate calcium, did not organize into a whorl agglomerate as is typically seen at physiological temperatures. This altered proteome composition observed suggests that heat stress could have long-term impacts on cellular development. We propose that this in vitro stem cell culture model of cell differentiation is useful for investigating molecular mechanisms that impact cell development in response to stressors.
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14
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Sehring IM, Mohammadi HF, Haffner-Luntzer M, Ignatius A, Huber-Lang M, Weidinger G. Zebrafish fin regeneration involves generic and regeneration-specific osteoblast injury responses. eLife 2022; 11:77614. [PMID: 35748539 PMCID: PMC9259016 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful regeneration requires the coordinated execution of multiple cellular responses to injury. In amputated zebrafish fins, mature osteoblasts dedifferentiate, migrate towards the injury and form proliferative osteogenic blastema cells. We show that osteoblast migration is preceded by cell elongation and alignment along the proximodistal axis, which require actomyosin, but not microtubule turnover. Surprisingly, osteoblast dedifferentiation and migration can be uncoupled. Using pharmacological and genetic interventions, we found that NF-ĸB and retinoic acid signalling regulate dedifferentiation without affecting migration, while the complement system and actomyosin dynamics affect migration but not dedifferentiation. Furthermore, by removing bone at two locations within a fin ray, we established an injury model containing two injury sites. We found that osteoblasts dedifferentiate at and migrate towards both sites, while accumulation of osteogenic progenitor cells and regenerative bone formation only occur at the distal-facing injury. Together, these data indicate that osteoblast dedifferentiation and migration represent generic injury responses that are differentially regulated and can occur independently of each other and of regenerative growth. We conclude that successful fin bone regeneration appears to involve the coordinated execution of generic and regeneration-specific responses of osteoblasts to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Zebrafish caudal fin as a model to investigate the role of probiotics in bone regeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8057. [PMID: 35577882 PMCID: PMC9110718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer several beneficial effects to the host, including enhancement of bone mineralization. However, probiotic action on bone regeneration is not well studied and therefore we analysed various effects of probiotic treatment on the caudal fin regeneration of zebrafish. Morphological analysis revealed an increased regenerated area with shorter and thicker lepidotrichia segments after probiotic treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy imaging analysis highlighted the distribution of phosphate groups in the regenerated fins and probiotic group showed higher amounts of well-crystallized hydroxyapatite. At the midpoint (5 days post amputation) of regeneration, probiotics were able to modulate various stages of osteoblast differentiation as confirmed by the upregulation of some key marker genes such as runx2b, sp7, col10a1a, spp1 and bglap, besides suppressing osteoclast activity as evidenced from the downregulation of ctsk. Probiotics also caused an enhanced cell cycle by regulating the expression of genes involved in Retinoic acid (rarga, cyp26b1) and Wnt/β-catenin (ctnnb1, ccnd1, axin2, sost) signaling pathways, and also modulated phosphate homeostasis by increasing the entpd5a levels. These findings provide new outlooks for the use of probiotics as a prophylactic treatment in accelerating bone regeneration and improving skeletal health in both aquaculture and biomedical fields.
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16
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Probiotics Enhance Bone Growth and Rescue BMP Inhibition: New Transgenic Zebrafish Lines to Study Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094748. [PMID: 35563140 PMCID: PMC9102566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish larvae, especially gene-specific mutants and transgenic lines, are increasingly used to study vertebrate skeletal development and human pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis and osteoarthritis. Probiotics have been recognized in recent years as a prophylactic treatment for various bone health issues in humans. Here, we present two new zebrafish transgenic lines containing the coding sequences for fluorescent proteins inserted into the endogenous genes for sp7 and col10a1a with larvae displaying fluorescence in developing osteoblasts and the bone extracellular matrix (mineralized or non-mineralized), respectively. Furthermore, we use these transgenic lines to show that exposure to two different probiotics, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis, leads to an increase in osteoblast formation and bone matrix growth and mineralization. Gene expression analysis revealed the effect of the probiotics, particularly Bacillus subtilis, in modulating several skeletal development genes, such as runx2, sp7, spp1 and col10a1a, further supporting their ability to improve bone health. Bacillus subtilis was the more potent probiotic able to significantly reverse the inhibition of bone matrix formation when larvae were exposed to a BMP inhibitor (LDN212854).
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17
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Gong Y, Zhang HY, Yuan Y, He Y, Zhang W, Han Y, Na R, Zeng Y, Luo J, Yang H, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, E GX. Genome-Wide Selection Sweep between Wild and Local Pigs from Europe for the Investigation of the Hereditary Characteristics of Domestication in Sus Scrofa. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12081037. [PMID: 35454283 PMCID: PMC9030587 DOI: 10.3390/ani12081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic characteristics of existing domestic pigs (DPs) greatly differ from those of wild boar (WB) populations thousands of years ago. After thousands of years of human domestication, WB and DP have diverged greatly in terms of genetics. Theoretically, worldwide local pigs have independent contributions from their local WBs at the beginning of Sus scrofa domestication. The investigation of the vicissitude of the heredity material between domestic populations and their wild ancestors will help in further understanding the domestication history of domestic animals. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide association scan (GWSA) and phylogeny estimation with a total of 1098 public European Illumina 60K single nucleotide polymorphism data, which included 650 local DPs and 448 WBs. The results revealed that the phylogenetic relationship of WBs corresponds to their geographical distribution and carries large divergence with DPs, and all WB breeds (e.g., HRWB, SBWB, and TIWB) presents a closely linkage with the middle WB (e.g., HRWB, and PLWB). In addition, 64 selected candidate genes (e.g., IDH2, PIP5K1B, SMARCA2, KIF5C, and TJP2) were identified from GWSA. A total of 63 known multiple biological functional pathways were annotated by 22 genes, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways that belong to the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were significantly enriched (p < 0.05). The most frequent (28.57%) pathways were classified under metabolism. We confirmed that the middle European WB has made an important genetic contribution to the entire European WB populations. A series of selected genes discovered from this study provides the scientific community with a deeper understanding of the heredity performance of metabolism and emotion and the real purpose behind domestication.
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18
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Muñoz-Montecinos C, Romero A, Sepúlveda V, Vira MÁ, Fehrmann-Cartes K, Marcellini S, Aguilera F, Caprile T, Fuentes R. Turning the Curve Into Straight: Phenogenetics of the Spine Morphology and Coordinate Maintenance in the Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:801652. [PMID: 35155449 PMCID: PMC8826430 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebral column, or spine, provides mechanical support and determines body axis posture and motion. The most common malformation altering spine morphology and function is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a three-dimensional spinal deformity that affects approximately 4% of the population worldwide. Due to AIS genetic heterogenicity and the lack of suitable animal models for its study, the etiology of this condition remains unclear, thus limiting treatment options. We here review current advances in zebrafish phenogenetics concerning AIS-like models and highlight the recently discovered biological processes leading to spine malformations. First, we focus on gene functions and phenotypes controlling critical aspects of postembryonic aspects that prime in spine architecture development and straightening. Second, we summarize how primary cilia assembly and biomechanical stimulus transduction, cerebrospinal fluid components and flow driven by motile cilia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AIS-like phenotypes. Third, we highlight the inflammatory responses associated with scoliosis. We finally discuss recent innovations and methodologies for morphometrically characterize and analyze the zebrafish spine. Ongoing phenotyping projects are expected to identify novel and unprecedented postembryonic gene functions controlling spine morphology and mutant models of AIS. Importantly, imaging and gene editing technologies are allowing deep phenotyping studies in the zebrafish, opening new experimental paradigms in the morphometric and three-dimensional assessment of spinal malformations. In the future, fully elucidating the phenogenetic underpinnings of AIS etiology in zebrafish and humans will undoubtedly lead to innovative pharmacological treatments against spinal deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Muñoz-Montecinos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Adrián Romero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Ángela Vira
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karen Fehrmann-Cartes
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Aguilera
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Teresa Caprile, ; Ricardo Fuentes,
| | - Ricardo Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Grupo de Procesos en Biología del Desarrollo (GDeP), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Teresa Caprile, ; Ricardo Fuentes,
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19
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Hoyle DJ, Dranow DB, Schilling TF. Pthlha and mechanical force control early patterning of growth zones in the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton. Development 2022; 149:dev199826. [PMID: 34919126 PMCID: PMC8917414 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Secreted signals in patterning systems often induce repressive signals that shape their distributions in space and time. In developing growth plates (GPs) of endochondral long bones, Parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) inhibits Indian hedgehog (Ihh) to form a negative-feedback loop that controls GP progression and bone size. Whether similar systems operate in other bones and how they arise during embryogenesis remain unclear. We show that Pthlha expression in the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton precedes chondrocyte differentiation and restricts where cells undergo hypertrophy, thereby initiating a future GP. Loss of Pthlha leads to an expansion of cells expressing a novel early marker of the hypertrophic zone (HZ), entpd5a, and later HZ markers, such as ihha, whereas local Pthlha misexpression induces ectopic entpd5a expression. Formation of this early pre-HZ correlates with onset of muscle contraction and requires mechanical force; paralysis leads to loss of entpd5a and ihha expression in the pre-HZ, mislocalized pthlha expression and no subsequent ossification. These results suggest that local Pthlh sources combined with force determine HZ locations, establishing the negative-feedback loop that later maintains GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92693, USA
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20
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Stenzel A, Mumme-Monheit A, Sucharov J, Walker M, Mitchell JM, Appel B, Nichols JT. Distinct and redundant roles for zebrafish her genes during mineralization and craniofacial patterning. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1033843. [PMID: 36578958 PMCID: PMC9791542 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1033843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is a cell-cell communication system which is critical for many developmental processes, including craniofacial development. Notch receptor activation induces expression of several well-known canonical targets including those encoded by the hes and her genes in mammals and zebrafish, respectively. The function of these genes, individually and in combination, during craniofacial development is not well understood. Here, we used zebrafish genetics to investigate her9 and her6 gene function during craniofacial development. We found that her9 is required for osteoblasts to efficiently mineralize bone, while cartilage is largely unaffected. Strikingly, gene expression studies in her9 mutants indicate that although progenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts at the appropriate time and place, they fail to efficiently lay down mineralized matrix. This mineralization role of her9 is likely independent of Notch activation. In contrast, her9 also functions redundantly with her6 downstream of Jagged1b-induced Notch activation during dorsoventral craniofacial patterning. These studies disentangle distinct and redundant her gene functions during craniofacial development, including an unexpected, Notch independent, requirement during bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Stenzel
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Abigail Mumme-Monheit
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Juliana Sucharov
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Macie Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennyfer M. Mitchell
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - James T. Nichols
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: James T. Nichols,
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21
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Comparison of Myosepta Development and Transcriptome Profiling between Blunt Snout Bream with and Tilapia without Intermuscular Bones. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121311. [PMID: 34943226 PMCID: PMC8698383 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The presence or absence of intermuscular bones (IBs) is directly related to the economic and edible value of fish. The specific regulatory mechanism of IB formation is not completely known yet. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of IBs based on histological analysis, transcriptome profiling, and gene expression quantification using M. amblycephala (with IBs) and O. niloticus (without IBs) as models. As a result, we identified several bone-related genes and elucidated their regulatory roles in the development of IBs. Abstract Intermuscular bones (IBs) are small spicule-like bones located in the myosepta of basal teleosts, which negatively affect the edibleness and economic value of fish. Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, with epineural and epipleural IBs) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, without epineural and epipleural IBs) are two major aquaculture species and ideal models for studying the formation mechanisms of fish IBs. Here, we compared myosepta development between M. amblycephala and O. niloticus, based on histological analysis, transcriptome profiling, and expression analysis of bone-related genes. The histological results showed that dye condensation began to appear in the myosepta 20 days post hatching (dph) in M. amblycephala, and IBs could be clearly observed 50 dph in the myosepta, based on different staining methods. However, in O. niloticus, dye condensation was not observed in the myosepta from 10 to 60 dph. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different developmental stages were screened by comparing the transcriptomes of M. amblycephala and O. niloticus, and KEGG analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were enriched in many bone-related pathways, such as focal adhesion, calcium, and Wnt signaling pathways. Quantitative PCR was performed to further compare the expression levels of some bone-related genes (scxa, scxb, runx2a, runx2b, bgp, sp7, col1a2, entpd5a, entpd5b, phex, alpl, and fgf23). All the tested genes (except for alpl) exhibited higher expression levels in M. amblycephala than in O. niloticus. A comparison of the dorsal and abdominal muscle tissues between the two species also revealed significant expression differences for most of the tested genes. The results suggest that scxa, scxb, runx2a, runx2b, entpd5a, col1a2, and bgp may play important roles in IB development. Our findings provide some insights into the molecular mechanisms of IB formation, as well as clues for further functional analysis of the identified genes to better understand the development of IBs.
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22
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Molina-Villa T, Ramírez-Vidal L, Mendoza V, Escalante-Alcalde D, López-Casillas F. Chordacentrum mineralization is delayed in zebrafish betaglycan-null mutants. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:213-225. [PMID: 34228380 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) family is a group of related proteins that signal through a type I and type II receptors. Betaglycan, also known as the type III receptor (Tgfbr3), is a coreceptor for various ligands of the TGFβ family that participates in heart, liver and kidney development as revealed by the tgfbr3-null mouse, as well as in angiogenesis as revealed by Tgfbr3 downregulation in morphant zebrafish. RESULTS Here, we present CRISPR/Cas9-derived zebrafish Tgfbr3-null mutants, which exhibited unaltered embryonic angiogenesis and developed into fertile adults. One reproducible phenotype displayed by these Tgfbr3-null mutants is delayed chordacentra mineralization, which nonetheless does not result in vertebral abnormalities in the adult fishes. We also report that the canonical TGFβ signaling pathway is needed for proper chordacentra mineralization and that Tgfbr3 absence decreases this signal in the notochordal cells responsible for this process. CONCLUSION Betaglycan's "ligand presentation" function contributes to the optimal TGFβ signaling required for zebrafish chordacentra mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Molina-Villa
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Ramírez-Vidal
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Valentín Mendoza
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- Division of Neurosciences, Department of Neural Development and Physiology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Fernando López-Casillas
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
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23
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Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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24
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Nie C, Wan S, Chen Y, Zhu D, Wang X, Dong X, Gao ZX. Loss of scleraxis leads to distinct reduction of mineralized intermuscular bone in zebrafish. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Tobias JH, Duncan EL, Kague E, Hammond CL, Gregson CL, Bassett D, Williams GR, Min JL, Gaunt TR, Karasik D, Ohlsson C, Rivadeneira F, Edwards JR, Hannan FM, Kemp JP, Gilbert SJ, Alonso N, Hassan N, Compston JE, Ralston SH. Opportunities and Challenges in Functional Genomics Research in Osteoporosis: Report From a Workshop Held by the Causes Working Group of the Osteoporosis and Bone Research Academy of the Royal Osteoporosis Society on October 5th 2020. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:630875. [PMID: 33658983 PMCID: PMC7917291 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.630875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that sclerostin is the defective protein underlying the rare heritable bone mass disorder, sclerosteosis, ultimately led to development of anti-sclerostin antibodies as a new treatment for osteoporosis. In the era of large scale GWAS, many additional genetic signals associated with bone mass and related traits have since been reported. However, how best to interrogate these signals in order to identify the underlying gene responsible for these genetic associations, a prerequisite for identifying drug targets for further treatments, remains a challenge. The resources available for supporting functional genomics research continues to expand, exemplified by "multi-omics" database resources, with improved availability of datasets derived from bone tissues. These databases provide information about potential molecular mediators such as mRNA expression, protein expression, and DNA methylation levels, which can be interrogated to map genetic signals to specific genes based on identification of causal pathways between the genetic signal and the phenotype being studied. Functional evaluation of potential causative genes has been facilitated by characterization of the "osteocyte signature", by broad phenotyping of knockout mice with deletions of over 7,000 genes, in which more detailed skeletal phenotyping is currently being undertaken, and by development of zebrafish as a highly efficient additional in vivo model for functional studies of the skeleton. Looking to the future, this expanding repertoire of tools offers the hope of accurately defining the major genetic signals which contribute to osteoporosis. This may in turn lead to the identification of additional therapeutic targets, and ultimately new treatments for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Duncan
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy L. Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josine L. Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - James R. Edwards
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadil M. Hannan
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie J. Gilbert
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neelam Hassan
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Juliet E. Compston
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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López-Cuevas P, Deane L, Yang Y, Hammond CL, Kague E. Transformed notochordal cells trigger chronic wounds destabilizing the vertebral column and bone homeostasis. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.047001. [PMID: 33579726 PMCID: PMC7988777 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Notochordal cells play a pivotal role in vertebral column patterning, contributing to the formation of the inner architecture of intervertebral discs (IVDs). Their disappearance during development has been associated with reduced repair capacity and IVD degeneration. Notochord cells can give rise to chordomas, a highly invasive bone cancer associated with late diagnosis. Understanding the impact of neoplastic cells during development and on the surrounding vertebral column could open avenues for earlier intervention and therapeutics. We investigated the impact of transformed notochord cells in the zebrafish skeleton using a line expressing RAS in the notochord under the control of the kita promoter, with the advantage of adulthood endurance. Transformed cells caused damage in the notochord and destabilised the sheath layer, triggering a wound repair mechanism, with enrolment of sheath cells (col9a2+) and expression of wt1b, similar to induced notochord wounds. Moreover, increased recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, displaying abnormal behaviour in proximity to the notochord sheath and transformed cells, supported parallels between chordomas, wound and inflammation. Cancerous notochordal cells interfere with differentiation of sheath cells to form chordacentra domains, leading to fusions and vertebral clefts during development. Adults displayed IVD irregularities reminiscent of degeneration, including reduced bone mineral density and increased osteoclast activity, along with disorganised osteoblasts and collagen, indicating impaired bone homeostasis. By depleting inflammatory cells, we abrogated chordoma development and rescued the skeletal features of the vertebral column. Therefore, we showed that transformed notochord cells alter the skeleton during life, causing a wound-like phenotype and activating chronic wound response, suggesting parallels between chordoma, wound, IVD degeneration and inflammation, highlighting inflammation as a promising target for future therapeutics. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Analyses using a zebrafish line expressing RAS in the notochord, under the control of the kita promoter, revealed that transformed notochord cells alter the skeleton during life, causing a wound-like phenotype and activating chronic wound response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco López-Cuevas
- The School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Luke Deane
- The School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Yushi Yang
- School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.,Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK.,Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erika Kague
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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27
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Najdanović JG, Cvetković VJ, Stojanović ST, Vukelić-Nikolić MĐ, Živković JM, Najman SJ. Vascularization and osteogenesis in ectopically implanted bone tissue-engineered constructs with endothelial and osteogenic differentiated adipose-derived stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:91-114. [PMID: 33584982 PMCID: PMC7859989 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major problem in the healing of bone defects is insufficient or absent blood supply within the defect. To overcome this challenging problem, a plethora of approaches within bone tissue engineering have been developed recently. Bearing in mind that the interplay of various diffusible factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) and osteoblasts (OBs) have a pivotal role in bone growth and regeneration and that adjacent ECs and OBs also communicate directly through gap junctions, we set the focus on the simultaneous application of these cell types together with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a growth factor reservoir within ectopic bone tissue engineering constructs.
AIM To vascularize and examine osteogenesis in bone tissue engineering constructs enriched with PRP and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) induced into ECs and OBs.
METHODS ASCs isolated from adipose tissue, induced in vitro into ECs, OBs or just expanded were used for implant construction as followed: BPEO, endothelial and osteogenic differentiated ASCs with PRP and bone mineral matrix; BPUI, uninduced ASCs with PRP and bone mineral matrix; BC (control), only bone mineral matrix. At 1, 2, 4 and 8 wk after subcutaneous implantation in mice, implants were extracted and endothelial-related and bone-related gene expression were analyzed, while histological analyses were performed after 2 and 8 wk.
RESULTS The percentage of vascularization was significantly higher in BC compared to BPUI and BPEO constructs 2 and 8 wk after implantation. BC had the lowest endothelial-related gene expression, weaker osteocalcin immunoexpression and Spp1 expression compared to BPUI and BPEO. Endothelial-related gene expression and osteocalcin immunoexpression were higher in BPUI compared to BC and BPEO. BPEO had a higher percentage of vascularization compared to BPUI and the highest CD31 immunoexpression among examined constructs. Except Vwf, endothelial-related gene expression in BPEO had a later onset and was upregulated and well-balanced during in vivo incubation that induced late onset of Spp1 expression and pronounced osteocalcin immunoexpression at 2 and 8 wk. Tissue regression was noticed in BPEO constructs after 8 wk.
CONCLUSION Ectopically implanted BPEO constructs had a favorable impact on vascularization and osteogenesis, but tissue regression imposed the need for discovering a more optimal EC/OB ratio prior to considerations for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena G Najdanović
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
| | - Vladimir J Cvetković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš 18106, Serbia
| | - Sanja T Stojanović
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
| | - Marija Đ Vukelić-Nikolić
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
| | - Jelena M Živković
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
| | - Stevo J Najman
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš 18108, Serbia
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28
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Jia S, Wu X, Wu Y, Cui X, Tao B, Zhu Z, Hu W. Multiple Developmental Defects in sox11a Mutant Zebrafish with Features of Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3039-3049. [PMID: 33061816 PMCID: PMC7545714 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study suggested that human Coffin-Siris syndrome is related to the mutation of SOX11. Since the homozygous SOX11 mutant mice died soon after birth, no suitable model was available for the study of the pathogenic mechanism of Coffin-Siris syndrome. To solve this problem, we generated two viable homozygous zebrafish mutants, sox11am/m and sox11bm/m. We found that the sox11am/m mutant possessed Coffin-Siris syndrome features. The sox11am/m mutants exhibited growth deficiency from 3.3 hpf embryos to adulthood. Furthermore, the sox11am/m mutant also displayed microcephaly, narrow pupillary distance, achondroplasia, and bone deformity in adults. Growth deficiency could be rescued by the injection of sox11a mRNA at the one-cell stage. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to cartilage and bone were downregulated in the sox11am/m mutant, indicating that sox11a mainly affected the growth and development of zebrafish by regulating the expression of genes related to skeletal development. Our results indicate that sox11am/m mutant zebrafish offered a potential model system to help with the search for pathogenic mechanisms of human Coffin-Siris syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunya Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuefan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binbin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Abstract
The vertebrate body plan is characterized by the presence of a segmented spine along its main axis. Here, we examine the current understanding of how the axial tissues that are formed during embryonic development give rise to the adult spine and summarize recent advances in the field, largely focused on recent studies in zebrafish, with comparisons to amniotes where appropriate. We discuss recent work illuminating the genetics and biological mechanisms mediating extension and straightening of the body axis during development, and highlight open questions. We specifically focus on the processes of notochord development and cerebrospinal fluid physiology, and how defects in those processes may lead to scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatrics Research Institute, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
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30
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Valenti MT, Marchetto G, Mottes M, Dalle Carbonare L. Zebrafish: A Suitable Tool for the Study of Cell Signaling in Bone. Cells 2020; 9:E1911. [PMID: 32824602 PMCID: PMC7465296 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many studies using the zebrafish model organism have been performed. Zebrafish, providing genetic mutants and reporter transgenic lines, enable a great number of studies aiming at the investigation of signaling pathways involved in the osteoarticular system and at the identification of therapeutic tools for bone diseases. In this review, we will discuss studies which demonstrate that many signaling pathways are highly conserved between mammals and teleost and that genes involved in mammalian bone differentiation have orthologs in zebrafish. We will also discuss as human diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and Gaucher disease can be investigated in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Giulia Marchetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Ple Scuro 10, 37100 Verona, Italy; (G.M.); (L.D.C.)
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31
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Cotti S, Huysseune A, Koppe W, Rücklin M, Marone F, Wölfel EM, Fiedler IAK, Busse B, Forlino A, Witten PE. More Bone with Less Minerals? The Effects of Dietary Phosphorus on the Post-Cranial Skeleton in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155429. [PMID: 32751494 PMCID: PMC7432380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary phosphorus (P) is essential for bone mineralisation in vertebrates. P deficiency can cause growth retardation, osteomalacia and bone deformities, both in teleosts and in mammals. Conversely, excess P supply can trigger soft tissue calcification and bone hypermineralisation. This study uses a wide range of complementary techniques (X-rays, histology, TEM, synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy, nanoindentation) to describe in detail the effects of dietary P on the zebrafish skeleton, after two months of administering three different diets: 0.5% (low P, LP), 1.0% (regular P, RP), and 1.5% (high P, HP) total P content. LP zebrafish display growth retardation and hypomineralised bones, albeit without deformities. LP zebrafish increase production of non-mineralised bone matrix, and osteoblasts have enlarged endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, indicative for increased collagen synthesis. The HP diet promotes growth, high mineralisation, and stiffness but causes vertebral centra fusions. Structure and arrangement of bone matrix collagen fibres are not influenced by dietary P in all three groups. In conclusion, low dietary P content stimulates the formation of non-mineralised bone without inducing malformations. This indicates that bone formation and mineralisation are uncoupled. In contrast, high dietary P content promotes mineralisation and vertebral body fusions. This new zebrafish model is a useful tool to understand the mechanisms underlying osteomalacia and abnormal mineralisation, due to underlying variations in dietary P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cotti
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.H.)
| | | | - Martin Rücklin
- Department of Vertebrate Evolution, Development and Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Federica Marone
- X-ray Tomography Group, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland;
| | - Eva M. Wölfel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.W.); (I.A.K.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.W.); (I.A.K.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.W.); (I.A.K.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - P. Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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Cxcl9l and Cxcr3.2 regulate recruitment of osteoclast progenitors to bone matrix in a medaka osteoporosis model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19276-19286. [PMID: 32719141 PMCID: PMC7431079 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006093117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling requires a balanced interplay of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. While the intercellular signaling that triggers bone cell differentiation is well understood, it remains unclear how bone progenitor cells are recruited to remodeling sites. Various chemokines are upregulated under osteoporotic conditions. However, whether they are involved in progenitor recruitment or instead have inflammatory roles is unknown. Here we used a medaka fish osteoporosis model to identify the chemokine ligand Cxcl9l and receptor Cxcr3.2 as essential to control osteoclast progenitor recruitment and differentiation at bone resorption sites. Cxcr3.2 activity can be blocked by small-molecule inhibitors that protect bone from osteoporotic insult. Our study demonstrates the potential of fish for osteoporosis drug discovery and opens avenues for future osteoporosis therapy. Bone homeostasis requires continuous remodeling of bone matrix to maintain structural integrity. This involves extensive communication between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts to orchestrate balanced progenitor cell recruitment and activation. Only a few mediators controlling progenitor activation are known to date and have been targeted for intervention of bone disorders such as osteoporosis. To identify druggable pathways, we generated a medaka (Oryzias latipes) osteoporosis model, where inducible expression of receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (Rankl) leads to ectopic formation of osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption, which can be assessed by live imaging. Here we show that upon Rankl induction, osteoblast progenitors up-regulate expression of the chemokine ligand Cxcl9l. Ectopic expression of Cxcl9l recruits mpeg1-positive macrophages to bone matrix and triggers their differentiation into osteoclasts. We also demonstrate that the chemokine receptor Cxcr3.2 is expressed in a distinct subset of macrophages in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM). Live imaging revealed that upon Rankl induction, Cxcr3.2-positive macrophages get activated, migrate to bone matrix, and differentiate into osteoclasts. Importantly, mutations in cxcr3.2 prevent macrophage recruitment and osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, Cxcr3.2 inhibition by the chemical antagonists AMG487 and NBI-74330 also reduced osteoclast recruitment and protected bone integrity against osteoporotic insult. Our data identify a mechanism for progenitor recruitment to bone resorption sites and Cxcl9l and Cxcr3.2 as potential druggable regulators of bone homeostasis and osteoporosis.
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Lee J, Lee S, Ahmad T, Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Lee J, Kim EM, Shin H. Human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids incorporating platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and bio-minerals for vascularized bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120192. [PMID: 32559565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells with mineralized materials have been used for bone regeneration; however, engineering the complex vascularized structure of the natural bone remains a challenge. Here, we developed platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and bio-mineral coated fibers which were then assembled with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to form spheroids as building blocks for vascularized bone regeneration. The PDGF incorporated within the spheroid increased the proliferation of hADSCs, which was characterized by Ki-67 staining and DNA contents. Furthermore, the PDGF enhanced not only osteogenic differentiation, but also endothelial differentiation of hADSCs; the cells within the spheroids showed significantly greater gene expression by 2.46 ± 0.14 fold for osteocalcin (OCN) and by 12.85 ± 3.36 fold for von Willebrand factor (vWF) than those without PDGF. Finally, at two months following transplantation of PDGF-incorporated spheroids onto in vivo mouse calvarial defect, the regenerated bone area (42.48 ± 10.84%) was significantly enhanced and the greatest number of capillaries and arterioles with indication of transplanted hADSCs were observed. Moreover, millimeter-scale in vitro tissue prepared by fused assembly of the spheroids exhibited greater mRNA expression-associated to endothelial lineage. Taken together, these findings indicate that stem cell spheroids incorporating PDGF and bio-minerals could be used as a module for successful vascularized bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajeesh Kumar Madhurakkat Perikamana
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinki Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Jiang Y, Lu Y, Jiang X, Hu J, Li R, Liu Y, Zhu G, Rong X. Glucocorticoids induce osteoporosis mediated by glucocorticoid receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109979. [PMID: 32044718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat inflammation-related diseases; however, their long-term use causes side effects, such as osteoporosis and predisposition to bone fractures, known as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Nr3c1 is the major glucocorticoid receptor, and its downstream signaling pathway is involved in regulating various intracellular physiological processes, including those related to bone cells; however, its mechanism in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) remains unclear. In this study, a zebrafish nr3c1-mutant was successfully generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate the role of nr3c1 in GIOP. Mutations in nr3c1 altered cartilage development and significantly decreased bone mineralization area. Additionally, qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of extracellular matrix-, osteoblast-, and osteoclast-related genes was altered in the nr3c1-mutant. The GC-Nr3c1 pathway regulates the expression of extracellular matrix-, osteoblast-, and osteoclast-related genes via Nr3c1-dependent and Nr3c1-independent pathways. A dual-luciferase reporter assay further revealed that GCs and Nr3c1 transcriptionally regulate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9), alkaline phosphatase (alp), and acid phosphatase 5a (acp5a). This study reveals that GCs/Nr3c1 affect the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism and provides a basis to determine the role of GIOP and Nr3c1 in bone metabolism and development. We also identified a new effector target for the clinical treatment of GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yajun Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixin Shanjuan Orthopaedic Hospital, YiXing, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Guoxing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.
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Bagwell J, Norman J, Ellis K, Peskin B, Hwang J, Ge X, Nguyen SV, McMenamin SK, Stainier DY, Bagnat M. Notochord vacuoles absorb compressive bone growth during zebrafish spine formation. eLife 2020; 9:51221. [PMID: 31995030 PMCID: PMC7012607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebral column or spine assembles around the notochord rod which contains a core made of large vacuolated cells. Each vacuolated cell possesses a single fluid-filled vacuole, and loss or fragmentation of these vacuoles in zebrafish leads to spine kinking. Here, we identified a mutation in the kinase gene dstyk that causes fragmentation of notochord vacuoles and a severe congenital scoliosis-like phenotype in zebrafish. Live imaging revealed that Dstyk regulates fusion of membranes with the vacuole. We find that localized disruption of notochord vacuoles causes vertebral malformation and curving of the spine axis at those sites. Accordingly, in dstyk mutants the spine curves increasingly over time as vertebral bone formation compresses the notochord asymmetrically, causing vertebral malformations and kinking of the axis. Together, our data show that notochord vacuoles function as a hydrostatic scaffold that guides symmetrical growth of vertebrae and spine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - James Norman
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Kathryn Ellis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Brianna Peskin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - James Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stacy V Nguyen
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, United States
| | | | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
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Dstyk mutation leads to congenital scoliosis-like vertebral malformations in zebrafish via dysregulated mTORC1/TFEB pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:479. [PMID: 31980602 PMCID: PMC6981171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by vertebral malformations. The precise etiology of CS is not fully defined. Here, we identify that mutation in dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase (dstyk) lead to CS-like vertebral malformations in zebrafish. We demonstrate that the scoliosis in dstyk mutants is related to the wavy and malformed notochord sheath formation and abnormal axial skeleton segmentation due to dysregulated biogenesis of notochord vacuoles and notochord function. Further studies show that DSTYK is located in late endosomal/lysosomal compartments and is involved in the lysosome biogenesis in mammalian cells. Dstyk knockdown inhibits notochord vacuole and lysosome biogenesis through mTORC1-dependent repression of TFEB nuclear translocation. Inhibition of mTORC1 activity can rescue the defect in notochord vacuole biogenesis and scoliosis in dstyk mutants. Together, our findings reveal a key role of DSTYK in notochord vacuole biogenesis, notochord morphogenesis and spine development through mTORC1/TFEB pathway. Congenital scoliosis is a complex genetic disorder characterized by vertebral malformation. Here, the authors demonstrate that loss of dstyk leads to scoliosis in zebrafish due to dysregulated biogenesis of notochord vacuoles and that DSTYK is required for lysosome biogenesis through mTORC1 regulation.
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Tonelli F, Bek JW, Besio R, De Clercq A, Leoni L, Salmon P, Coucke PJ, Willaert A, Forlino A. Zebrafish: A Resourceful Vertebrate Model to Investigate Skeletal Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 32849280 PMCID: PMC7416647 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential tools for addressing fundamental scientific questions about skeletal diseases and for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Traditionally, mice have been the most common model organism in biomedical research, but their use is hampered by several limitations including complex generation, demanding investigation of early developmental stages, regulatory restrictions on breeding, and high maintenance cost. The zebrafish has been used as an efficient alternative vertebrate model for the study of human skeletal diseases, thanks to its easy genetic manipulation, high fecundity, external fertilization, transparency of rapidly developing embryos, and low maintenance cost. Furthermore, zebrafish share similar skeletal cells and ossification types with mammals. In the last decades, the use of both forward and new reverse genetics techniques has resulted in the generation of many mutant lines carrying skeletal phenotypes associated with human diseases. In addition, transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under bone cell- or pathway- specific promoters enable in vivo imaging of differentiation and signaling at the cellular level. Despite the small size of the zebrafish, many traditional techniques for skeletal phenotyping, such as x-ray and microCT imaging and histological approaches, can be applied using the appropriate equipment and custom protocols. The ability of adult zebrafish to remodel skeletal tissues can be exploited as a unique tool to investigate bone formation and repair. Finally, the permeability of embryos to chemicals dissolved in water, together with the availability of large numbers of small-sized animals makes zebrafish a perfect model for high-throughput bone anabolic drug screening. This review aims to discuss the techniques that make zebrafish a powerful model to investigate the molecular and physiological basis of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tonelli
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberta Besio
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Leoni
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paul J. Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Forlino
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38
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Draut H, Liebenstein T, Begemann G. New Insights into the Control of Cell Fate Choices and Differentiation by Retinoic Acid in Cranial, Axial and Caudal Structures. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E860. [PMID: 31835881 PMCID: PMC6995509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is an important regulator of chordate development. RA binds to nuclear RA receptors that control the transcriptional activity of target genes. Controlled local degradation of RA by enzymes of the Cyp26a gene family contributes to the establishment of transient RA signaling gradients that control patterning, cell fate decisions and differentiation. Several steps in the lineage leading to the induction and differentiation of neuromesodermal progenitors and bone-producing osteogenic cells are controlled by RA. Changes to RA signaling activity have effects on the formation of the bones of the skull, the vertebrae and the development of teeth and regeneration of fin rays in fish. This review focuses on recent advances in these areas, with predominant emphasis on zebrafish, and highlights previously unknown roles for RA signaling in developmental processes.
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39
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Initiation and early growth of the skull vault in zebrafish. Mech Dev 2019; 160:103578. [PMID: 31644945 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2019.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish offers powerful advantages as a model system for examining the growth of the skull vault and the formation of cranial sutures. The zebrafish is well suited for large-scale genetic screens, available in large numbers, and continual advances in genetic engineering facilitate precise modeling of human genetic disorders. Most importantly, zebrafish are continuously accessible for imaging during critical periods of skull formation when both mouse and chick are physically inaccessible. To establish a foundation of information on the dynamics of skull formation, we performed a longitudinal study based on confocal microscopy of individual live transgenic zebrafish. Discrete events occur at stereotyped stages in overall growth, with little variation in timing among individuals. The frontal and parietal bones initiate as small clusters of cells closely associated with cartilage around the perimeter of the skull, prior to metamorphosis and the transition to juvenile fish. Over a period of ~30 days, the frontal and parietal bones grow towards the apex of the skull and meet to begin suture formation. To aid in visualization, we have generated interactive three-dimensional models based on the imaging data, with annotated cartilage and bone elements. We propose a framework to conceptualize development of bones of the skull vault in three phases: initiation in close association with cartilage; rapid planar growth towards the apex of the skull; and finally overlapping to form sutures. Our data provide an important framework for comparing the stages and timing of skull development across model organisms, and also a baseline for the examination of zebrafish mutants affecting skull development. To facilitate these comparative analyses, the raw imaging data and the models are available as an online atlas through the FaceBase consortium (facebase.org).
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40
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Granadeiro L, Dirks RP, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Gavaia PJ, Sarasquete C, Laizé V, Cancela ML, Fernández I. Warfarin-exposed zebrafish embryos resembles human warfarin embryopathy in a dose and developmental-time dependent manner - From molecular mechanisms to environmental concerns. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:559-571. [PMID: 31238190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Warfarin is the most worldwide used anticoagulant drug and rodenticide. Since it crosses placental barrier it can induce warfarin embryopathy (WE), a fetal mortality in neonates characterized by skeletal deformities in addition to brain hemorrhages. Although the effects of warfarin exposure in aquatic off target species were already described, the particular molecular toxicological mechanisms during early development are still unclear. Here, we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) to describe and compare the developmental effects of warfarin exposure (0, 15.13, 75.68 and 378.43 mM) on two distinct early developmental phases (embryos and eleuthero-embryos). Although exposure to both developmental phases induced fish mortality, only embryos exposed to the highest warfarin level exhibited features mimicking mammalian WE, e.g. high mortality, higher incidence of hemorrhages and altered skeletal development, among other effects. To gain insights into the toxic mechanisms underlying warfarin exposure, the transcriptome of embryos exposed to warfarin was explored through RNA-Seq and compared to that of control embryos. 766 differentially expressed (564 up- and 202 down-regulated) genes were identified. Gene Ontology analysis revealed particular cellular components (cytoplasm, extracellular matrix, lysosome and vacuole), biological processes (mainly amino acid and lipid metabolism and response to stimulus) and pathways (oxidative stress response and apoptosis signaling pathways) being significantly overrepresented in zebrafish embryos upon warfarin exposure. Protein-protein interaction further evidenced an altered redox system, blood coagulation and vasculogenesis, visual phototransduction and collagen formation upon warfarin exposure. The present study not only describes for the first time the WE in zebrafish, it provides new insights for a better risk assessment, and highlights the need for programming the rat eradication actions outside the fish spawning season to avoid an impact on off target fish community. The urge for the development of more species-specific anticoagulants for rodent pest control is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Granadeiro
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ron P Dirks
- ZF-screens B.V. J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333, CH Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC) and Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Center for Aquaculture Research, Agrarian Technological Institute of Castile and Leon, Ctra. Arévalo, S/n. 40196 Zamarramala, Segovia, Spain.
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Nie CH, Wan SM, Liu YL, Liu H, Wang WM, Gao ZX. Development of Teleost Intermuscular Bones Undergoing Intramembranous Ossification Based on Histological-Transcriptomic-Proteomic Data. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4698. [PMID: 31546739 PMCID: PMC6801895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermuscular bones (IBs) specially exist in lower teleost fish and the molecular mechanism for its development remains to be clarified. In this study, different staining methods and comparative proteomics were conducted to investigate the histological structure and proteome of IB development in Megalobrama amblycephala, including four key IB developmental stages (S1-IBs have not emerged in the tail part; S2-several small IBs started to ossify in the tail part; S3-IBs appeared rapidly; S4-all the IBs appeared with mature morphology). Alcian blue and alizarin red S stained results indicated that IBs were gradually formed from S2 to S4, undergoing intramembranous ossification without a cartilaginous phase. A total of 3368 proteins were identified by using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. Functional annotation showed that proteins which were differentially expressed among stages were involved in calcium, MAPK, Wnt, TGF-β, and osteoclast pathways which played a critical role in bone formation and differentiation. Three proteins (collagen9α1, stat1, tnc) associated with chondrocytes did not exhibit significant changes through S2 to S4; however, proteins (entpd5, casq1a, pvalb, anxa2a, anxa5) which associated with osteoblasts and bone formation and differentiation showed significantly a higher expression level from S1 to S2, as well as to S3 and S4. These further demonstrated that development of IBs did not go through a cartilaginous phase. The inhibitors of TGF-β and Wnt pathways were tested on zebrafish (sp7/eGFP) and the results indicated that both inhibitors significantly delayed IB development. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the IB ossification pattern, which will help further elucidate the molecular mechanisms for IB development in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Nie
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shi-Ming Wan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu-Long Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Han Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ze-Xia Gao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Singh AP, Sosa MX, Fang J, Shanmukhappa SK, Hubaud A, Fawcett CH, Molind GJ, Tsai T, Capodieci P, Wetzel K, Sanchez E, Wang G, Coble M, Tang W, Cadena SM, Fishman MC, Glass DJ. αKlotho Regulates Age-Associated Vascular Calcification and Lifespan in Zebrafish. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2767-2776.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Lleras-Forero L, Winkler C, Schulte-Merker S. Zebrafish and medaka as models for biomedical research of bone diseases. Dev Biol 2019; 457:191-205. [PMID: 31325453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of disease-causing mutations has in recent years progressed immensely due to whole genome sequencing approaches using patient material. The task accordingly is shifting from gene identification to functional analysis of putative disease-causing genes, preferably in an in vivo setting which also allows testing of drug candidates or biotherapeutics in whole animal disease models. In this review, we highlight the advances made in the field of bone diseases using small laboratory fish, focusing on zebrafish and medaka. We particularly highlight those human conditions where teleost models are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lleras-Forero
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003-CiM), Münster, Germany.
| | - C Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 04, 117558 Singapore
| | - S Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003-CiM), Münster, Germany.
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44
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Wang Y, Gao S, Zhao Y, Chen WH, Shao JJ, Wang NN, Li M, Zhou GX, Wang L, Shen WJ, Xu JT, Deng WD, Wang W, Chen YL, Jiang Y. Allele-specific expression and alternative splicing in horse×donkey and cattle×yak hybrids. Zool Res 2019; 40:293-304. [PMID: 31271004 PMCID: PMC6680129 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Divergence of gene expression and alternative splicing is a crucial driving force in the evolution of species; to date, however the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Hybrids of closely related species provide a suitable model to analyze allele-specific expression (ASE) and allele-specific alternative splicing (ASS). Analysis of ASE and ASS can uncover the differences in cis-regulatory elements between closely related species, while eliminating interference of trans-regulatory elements. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of ASE and ASS from 19 and 10 transcriptome datasets across five tissues from reciprocal-cross hybrids of horse×donkey (mule/hinny) and cattle×yak (dzo), respectively. Results showed that 4.8%-8.7% and 10.8%-16.7% of genes exhibited ASE and ASS, respectively. Notably, lncRNAs and pseudogenes were more likely to show ASE than protein-coding genes. In addition, genes showing ASE and ASS in mule/hinny were found to be involved in the regulation of muscle strength, whereas those of dzo were involved in high-altitude adaptation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that exploration of genes showing ASE and ASS in hybrids of closely related species is feasible for species evolution research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei-Huang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun-Jie Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ni-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Stake Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Wen-Jing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Jing-Tao Xu
- Stake Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Wei-Dong Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
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45
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Wopat S, Bagwell J, Sumigray KD, Dickson AL, Huitema LFA, Poss KD, Schulte-Merker S, Bagnat M. Spine Patterning Is Guided by Segmentation of the Notochord Sheath. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2026-2038. [PMID: 29466731 PMCID: PMC5860813 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spine is a segmented axial structure made of alternating vertebral bodies (centra) and intervertebral discs (IVDs) assembled around the notochord. Here, we show that, prior to centra formation, the outer epithelial cell layer of the zebrafish notochord, the sheath, segments into alternating domains corresponding to the prospective centra and IVD areas. This process occurs sequentially in an anteroposterior direction via the activation of Notch signaling in alternating segments of the sheath, which transition from cartilaginous to mineralizing domains. Subsequently, osteoblasts are recruited to the mineralized domains of the notochord sheath to form mature centra. Tissue-specific manipulation of Notch signaling in sheath cells produces notochord segmentation defects that are mirrored in the spine. Together, our findings demonstrate that notochord sheath segmentation provides a template for vertebral patterning in the zebrafish spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wopat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kaelyn D Sumigray
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amy L Dickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Leonie F A Huitema
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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46
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Bergen DJM, Kague E, Hammond CL. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Osteoporosis: A Primary Testing Platform for Screening New Osteo-Active Compounds. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:6. [PMID: 30761080 PMCID: PMC6361756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is metabolic bone disease caused by an altered balance between bone anabolism and catabolism. This dysregulated balance is responsible for fragile bones that fracture easily after minor falls. With an aging population, the incidence is rising and as yet pharmaceutical options to restore this imbalance is limited, especially stimulating osteoblast bone-building activity. Excitingly, output from large genetic studies on people with high bone mass (HBM) cases and genome wide association studies (GWAS) on the population, yielded new insights into pathways containing osteo-anabolic players that have potential for drug target development. However, a bottleneck in development of new treatments targeting these putative osteo-anabolic genes is the lack of animal models for rapid and affordable testing to generate functional data and that simultaneously can be used as a compound testing platform. Zebrafish, a small teleost fish, are increasingly used in functional genomics and drug screening assays which resulted in new treatments in the clinic for other diseases. In this review we outline the zebrafish as a powerful model for osteoporosis research to validate potential therapeutic candidates, describe the tools and assays that can be used to study bone homeostasis, and affordable (semi-)high-throughput compound testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. M. Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy L. Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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47
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Zheng CM, Wu CC, Lu CL, Hou YC, Wu MS, Hsu YH, Chen R, Chang TJ, Shyu JF, Lin YF, Lu KC. Hypoalbuminemia differently affects the serum bone turnover markers in hemodialysis patients. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1583-1592. [PMID: 31839746 PMCID: PMC6909808 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) represents bone disorders related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and several bone biomarkers are used clinically to predict ROD in CKD and hemodialysis (HD) patients. Serum albumin associates with inflammation other than nutritional status in these patients. Chronic inflammation is proved to relate with bone loss, however, the influence of hypoalbuminemia on bone biomarkers is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the pattern of bone biomarker changes and further studied the influence of hypoalbuminemia on these biomarkers. A total of 300 maintenance HD patients were evaluated and 223 HD patients were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (PTH ≤150 pg/mL, PTH 150-300 pg/mL, PTH 300-600 pg/mL and PTH >600 pg/mL). Bone biomarkers and inflammatory markers were measured and their relation with PTH levels was determined. Significantly increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lower albumin levels were noted among PTH>600 pg/mL group. Bone turnover markers were significantly higher in PTH >600 pg/mL group (p< 0.05). Hypoalbuminemia significantly increased the fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and procollagen type 1N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) in PTH ≤150 pg/mL, PTH 150-300 pg/mL, PTH 300-600 pg/mL groups, whereas no such relation was noted among PTH> 600 ng/dL group. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia represents a chronic inflammation which differently relates to bone turnover markers according to serum PTH levels in SHPT patients. Thus, serum albumin measurement should be considered in determining bone disorders among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Mei Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chia Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien Lin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chou Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 23155, Taiwan
| | - Mai Szu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yung Ho Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Remy Chen
- Chief, Kidney Dialysis Center, Hasuda Hospital, Negane, Hasuda City, Saitama, 3490131, Japan
| | - Tian Jong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.,Performance Appraisal Section, Secretary Office, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia Fwu Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yuh Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Cheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
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48
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Verri T, Werner A. Type II Na +-phosphate Cotransporters and Phosphate Balance in Teleost Fish. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:193-212. [PMID: 30542786 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish are excellent models to study the phylogeny of the slc34 gene family, Slc34-mediated phosphate (Pi) transport and how Slc34 transporters contribute Pi homeostasis. Fish need to accumulate Pi from the diet to sustain growth. Much alike in mammals, intestinal uptake in fish is partly a paracellular and partly a Slc34-mediated transcellular process. Acute regulation of Pi balance is achieved in the kidney via a combination of Slc34-mediated secretion and/or reabsorption. A great plasticity is observed in how various species perform and combine the different processes of secretion and reabsorption. A reason for this diversity is found in one or two whole genome duplication events followed by potential gene loss; consequently, teleosts exhibit distinctly different repertoires of Slc34 transporters. Moreover, due to habitats with vastly different salinity, teleosts face the challenge of either preserving water in a hyperosmotic environment (seawater) or excreting water in hypoosmotic freshwater. An additional challenge in understanding teleost Pi homeostasis are the genome duplication and retention events that diversified peptide hormones such as parathyroid hormone and stanniocalcin. Dietary Pi and non-coding RNAs also regulate the expression of piscine Slc34 transporters. The adaptive responses of teleost Slc34 transporters to e.g. Pi diets and vitamin D are informative in the context of comparative physiology, but also relevant in applied physiology and aquaculture. In fact, Pi is essential for teleost fish growth but it also exerts significant adverse consequences if over-supplied. Thus, investigating Slc34 transporters helps tuning the physiology of commercially valuable teleost fish in a confined environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Andreas Werner
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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49
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Pogoda HM, Riedl-Quinkertz I, Löhr H, Waxman JS, Dale RM, Topczewski J, Schulte-Merker S, Hammerschmidt M. Direct activation of chordoblasts by retinoic acid is required for segmented centra mineralization during zebrafish spine development. Development 2018; 145:dev.159418. [PMID: 29650589 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish mutants with increased retinoic acid (RA) signaling due to the loss of the RA-inactivating enzyme Cyp26b1 develop a hyper-mineralized spine with gradually fusing vertebral body precursors (centra). However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that cells of the notochord epithelium named chordoblasts are sensitive to RA signaling. Chordoblasts are uniformly distributed along the anteroposterior axis and initially generate the continuous collagenous notochord sheath. However, subsequently and iteratively, subsets of these cells undergo further RA-dependent differentiation steps, acquire a stellate-like shape, downregulate expression of the collagen gene col2a1a, switch on cyp26b1 expression and trigger metameric sheath mineralization. This mineralization fails to appear upon chordoblast-specific cell ablation or RA signal transduction blockade. Together, our data reveal that, despite their different developmental origins, the activities and regulation of chordoblasts are very similar to those of osteoblasts, including their RA-induced transition from osteoid-producing cells to osteoid-mineralizing ones. Furthermore, our data point to a requirement for locally controlled RA activity within the chordoblast layer in order to generate the segmented vertebral column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Martin Pogoda
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology - Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Riedl-Quinkertz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology - Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Löhr
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology - Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rodney M Dale
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611-2605, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, 48149 Münster, Germany.,CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003), WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Hubrecht Institute - KNAW & UMC Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology - Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany .,CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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50
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Lleras Forero L, Narayanan R, Huitema LF, VanBergen M, Apschner A, Peterson-Maduro J, Logister I, Valentin G, Morelli LG, Oates AC, Schulte-Merker S. Segmentation of the zebrafish axial skeleton relies on notochord sheath cells and not on the segmentation clock. eLife 2018; 7:33843. [PMID: 29624170 PMCID: PMC5962341 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmentation of the axial skeleton in amniotes depends on the segmentation clock, which patterns the paraxial mesoderm and the sclerotome. While the segmentation clock clearly operates in teleosts, the role of the sclerotome in establishing the axial skeleton is unclear. We severely disrupt zebrafish paraxial segmentation, yet observe a largely normal segmentation process of the chordacentra. We demonstrate that axial entpd5+ notochord sheath cells are responsible for chordacentrum mineralization, and serve as a marker for axial segmentation. While autonomous within the notochord sheath, entpd5 expression and centrum formation show some plasticity and can respond to myotome pattern. These observations reveal for the first time the dynamics of notochord segmentation in a teleost, and are consistent with an autonomous patterning mechanism that is influenced, but not determined by adjacent paraxial mesoderm. This behavior is not consistent with a clock-type mechanism in the notochord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lleras Forero
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003-CiM), Münster, Germany.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maaike VanBergen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Ive Logister
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Luis G Morelli
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisica, FCEyN, UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrew C Oates
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
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