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Xing Z, Hu Q, Wang W, Kong N, Gao R, Shen X, Xu S, Meng L, Liu JR, Zhu X. An NIR-IIb emissive transmembrane voltage nano-indicator for the optical monitoring of electrophysiological activities in vivo. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2457-2468. [PMID: 38465967 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02189k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In vivo transmembrane-voltage detection reflected the electrophysiological activities of the biological system, which is crucial for the diagnosis of neuronal disease. Traditional implanted electrodes can only monitor limited regions and induce relatively large tissue damage. Despite emerging monitoring methods based on optical imaging have access to signal recording in a larger area, the recording wavelength of less than 1000 nm seriously weakens the detection depth and resolution in vivo. Herein, a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nano-indicator, NaYbF4:Er@NaYF4@Cy7.5@DPPC (Cy7.5-ErNP) with emission in the near-infrared IIb biological window (NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm) is developed for transmembrane-voltage detection. Cy7.5 dye is found to be voltage-sensitive and is employed as the energy donor for the energy transfer to the lanthanide nanoparticle, NaYbF4:Er@NaYF4 (ErNP), which works as the acceptor to achieve electrophysiological signal responsive NIR-IIb luminescence. Benefiting from the high penetration and low scattering of NIR-IIb luminescence, the Cy7.5-ErNP enables both the visualization of action potential in vitro and monitoring of Mesial Temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) disease in vivo. This work presents a concept for leveraging the lanthanide luminescent nanoprobes to visualize electrophysiological activity in vivo, which facilitates the development of an optical nano-indicator for the diagnosis of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xing
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Weikan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Na Kong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Sixin Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Lingkai Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Ren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xingjun Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
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2
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Scardigli M, Pásek M, Santini L, Palandri C, Conti E, Crocini C, Campione M, Loew LM, de Vries AAF, Pijnappels DA, Pavone FS, Poggesi C, Cerbai E, Coppini R, Kohl P, Ferrantini C, Sacconi L. Optogenetic confirmation of transverse-tubular membrane excitability in intact cardiac myocytes. J Physiol 2024; 602:791-808. [PMID: 38348881 DOI: 10.1113/jp285202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
T-tubules (TT) form a complex network of sarcolemmal membrane invaginations, essential for well-co-ordinated excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) and thus homogeneous mechanical activation of cardiomyocytes. ECC is initiated by rapid depolarization of the sarcolemmal membrane. Whether TT membrane depolarization is active (local generation of action potentials; AP) or passive (following depolarization of the outer cell surface sarcolemma; SS) has not been experimentally validated in cardiomyocytes. Based on the assessment of ion flux pathways needed for AP generation, we hypothesize that TT are excitable. We therefore explored TT excitability experimentally, using an all-optical approach to stimulate and record trans-membrane potential changes in TT that were structurally disconnected, and hence electrically insulated, from the SS membrane by transient osmotic shock. Our results establish that cardiomyocyte TT can generate AP. These AP show electrical features that differ substantially from those observed in SS, consistent with differences in the density of ion channels and transporters in the two different membrane domains. We propose that TT-generated AP represent a safety mechanism for TT AP propagation and ECC, which may be particularly relevant in pathophysiological settings where morpho-functional changes reduce the electrical connectivity between SS and TT membranes. KEY POINTS: Cardiomyocytes are characterized by a complex network of membrane invaginations (the T-tubular system) that propagate action potentials to the core of the cell, causing uniform excitation-contraction coupling across the cell. In the present study, we investigated whether the T-tubular system is able to generate action potentials autonomously, rather than following depolarization of the outer cell surface sarcolemma. For this purpose, we developed a fully optical platform to probe and manipulate the electrical dynamics of subcellular membrane domains. Our findings demonstrate that T-tubules are intrinsically excitable, revealing distinct characteristics of self-generated T-tubular action potentials. This active electrical capability would protect cells from voltage drops potentially occurring within the T-tubular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scardigli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michal Pásek
- Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Santini
- Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emilia Conti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy - LENS, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Crocini
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Campione
- Institute of Neuroscience (IN-CNR) and Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Leslie M Loew
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy - LENS, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy - LENS, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy - LENS, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Florence, Italy
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3
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Ma J, Sun R, Xia K, Xia Q, Liu Y, Zhang X. Design and Application of Fluorescent Probes to Detect Cellular Physical Microenvironments. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1738-1861. [PMID: 38354333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The microenvironment is indispensable for functionality of various biomacromolecules, subcellular compartments, living cells, and organisms. In particular, physical properties within the biological microenvironment could exert profound effects on both the cellular physiology and pathology, with parameters including the polarity, viscosity, pH, and other relevant factors. There is a significant demand to directly visualize and quantitatively measure the fluctuation in the cellular microenvironment with spatiotemporal resolution. To satisfy this need, analytical methods based on fluorescence probes offer great opportunities due to the facile, sensitive, and dynamic detection that these molecules could enable in varying biological settings from in vitro samples to live animal models. Herein, we focus on various types of small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection and measurement of physical parameters of the microenvironment, including pH, polarity, viscosity, mechanical force, temperature, and electron potential. For each parameter, we primarily describe the chemical mechanisms underlying how physical properties are correlated with changes of various fluorescent signals. This review provides both an overview and a perspective for the development of small molecule fluorescent probes to visualize the dynamic changes in the cellular environment, to expand the knowledge for biological process, and to enrich diagnostic tools for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifu Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiuxuan Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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4
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Batista Napotnik T, Kos B, Jarm T, Miklavčič D, O'Connor RP, Rems L. Genetically engineered HEK cells as a valuable tool for studying electroporation in excitable cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:720. [PMID: 38184741 PMCID: PMC10771480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric pulses used in electroporation-based treatments have been shown to affect the excitability of muscle and neuronal cells. However, understanding the interplay between electroporation and electrophysiological response of excitable cells is complex, since both ion channel gating and electroporation depend on dynamic changes in the transmembrane voltage (TMV). In this study, a genetically engineered human embryonic kidney cells expressing NaV1.5 and Kir2.1, a minimal complementary channels required for excitability (named S-HEK), was characterized as a simple cell model used for studying the effects of electroporation in excitable cells. S-HEK cells and their non-excitable counterparts (NS-HEK) were exposed to 100 µs pulses of increasing electric field strength. Changes in TMV, plasma membrane permeability, and intracellular Ca2+ were monitored with fluorescence microscopy. We found that a very mild electroporation, undetectable with the classical propidium assay but associated with a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+, can already have a profound effect on excitability close to the electrostimulation threshold, as corroborated by multiscale computational modelling. These results are of great relevance for understanding the effects of pulse delivery on cell excitability observed in context of the rapidly developing cardiac pulsed field ablation as well as other electroporation-based treatments in excitable tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Batista Napotnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bor Kos
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Jarm
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rodney P O'Connor
- École des Mines de Saint-Étienne, Department of Bioelectronics, Georges Charpak Campus, Centre Microélectronique de Provence, 880 Route de Mimet, 13120, Gardanne, France
| | - Lea Rems
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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5
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Zhang H, Patton HN, Wood GA, Yan P, Loew LM, Acker CD, Walcott GP, Rogers JM. Optical mapping of cardiac electromechanics in beating in vivo hearts. Biophys J 2023; 122:4207-4219. [PMID: 37775969 PMCID: PMC10645561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical mapping has been widely used in the study of cardiac electrophysiology in motion-arrested, ex vivo heart preparations. Recent developments in motion artifact mitigation techniques have made it possible to optically map beating ex vivo hearts, enabling the study of cardiac electromechanics using optical mapping. However, the ex vivo setting imposes limitations on optical mapping such as altered metabolic states, oversimplified mechanical loads, and the absence of neurohormonal regulation. In this study, we demonstrate optical electromechanical mapping in an in vivo heart preparation. Swine hearts were exposed via median sternotomy. Voltage-sensitive dye, either di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA or di-5-ANEQ(F)PTEA, was injected into the left anterior descending artery. Fluorescence was excited by alternating green and amber light for excitation ratiometry. Cardiac motion during sinus and paced rhythm was tracked using a marker-based method. Motion tracking and excitation ratiometry successfully corrected most motion artifact in the membrane potential signal. Marker-based motion tracking also allowed simultaneous measurement of epicardial deformation. Reconstructed membrane potential and mechanical deformation measurements were validated using monophasic action potentials and sonomicrometry, respectively. Di-5-ANEQ(F)PTEA produced longer working time and higher signal/noise ratio than di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA. In addition, we demonstrate potential applications of the new optical mapping system including electromechanical mapping during vagal nerve stimulation, fibrillation/defibrillation. and acute regional ischemia. In conclusion, although some technical limitations remain, optical mapping experiments that simultaneously image electrical and mechanical function can be conducted in beating, in vivo hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Haley N Patton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Garrett A Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ping Yan
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Leslie M Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Corey D Acker
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Gregory P Walcott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jack M Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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6
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Yan P, Acker CD, Biasci V, Judge G, Monroe A, Sacconi L, Loew LM. Near-infrared voltage-sensitive dyes based on chromene donor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305093120. [PMID: 37579138 PMCID: PMC10450434 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305093120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) are used to image electrical activity in cells and tissues with submillisecond time resolution. Most of these fast sensors are constructed from push-pull chromophores whose fluorescence spectra are modulated by the electric field across the cell membrane. It was found that the substitution of naphthalene with chromene produces a 60 to 80 nm red-shift in absorption and emission spectra while maintaining fluorescence quantum efficiency and voltage sensitivity. One dye was applied to ex vivo murine heart with excitation at 730 nm, by far the longest wavelength reported in voltage imaging. This VSD resolves cardiac action potentials in single trials with 12% ΔF/F per action potential. The well-separated excitation spectra between these long-wavelength VSDs and channelrhodopsin (ChR2) enabled monitoring of action potential propagation in ChR2 hearts without any perturbation of electrical dynamics. Importantly, by employing spatially localized optogenetic manipulation, action potential dynamics can be assessed in an all-optical fashion with no artifact related to optical cross-talk between the reporter and actuator. These new environmentally sensitive chromene-based chromophores are also likely to have applications outside voltage imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yan
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Corey D. Acker
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Valentina Biasci
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Giuliana Judge
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Alexa Monroe
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Florence50139, Italy
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79110, Germany
| | - Leslie M. Loew
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030
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7
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Zhang H, Patton HN, Wood GA, Yan P, Loew LM, Acker CD, Walcott GP, Rogers JM. Di-5-ANEQ(F)PTEA Offers Better Performance than Di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA for In-Situ Cardiac Optical Mapping . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082915 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac optical mapping has traditionally been performed in ex-vivo, motion-arrested hearts. Recently, in-situ cardiac optical mapping has been made possible by both motion correction techniques and long-wavelength voltage sensitive dyes (VSDs). However, VSDs have been observed to wash out quickly from blood-perfused in-situ hearts. In this study, we evaluate the performance of a newly developed VSD, di-5-ANEQ(F)PTEA, relative to an earlier VSD, di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA. We find that di-5-ANEQ(F)PTEA persists over 3 times longer, produces improved signal-to-noise ratio, and does not prolong loading unacceptably.Clinical Relevance-Optical mapping has provided many insights into cardiac arrhythmias, but has traditionally been limited to ex-vivo preparations. The present findings extend the utility of optical mapping in the more realistic in-vivo setting and may eventually enable its use in patients.
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8
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Aseyev N, Ivanova V, Balaban P, Nikitin E. Current Practice in Using Voltage Imaging to Record Fast Neuronal Activity: Successful Examples from Invertebrate to Mammalian Studies. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:648. [PMID: 37367013 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The optical imaging of neuronal activity with potentiometric probes has been credited with being able to address key questions in neuroscience via the simultaneous recording of many neurons. This technique, which was pioneered 50 years ago, has allowed researchers to study the dynamics of neural activity, from tiny subthreshold synaptic events in the axon and dendrites at the subcellular level to the fluctuation of field potentials and how they spread across large areas of the brain. Initially, synthetic voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) were applied directly to brain tissue via staining, but recent advances in transgenic methods now allow the expression of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs), specifically in selected neuron types. However, voltage imaging is technically difficult and limited by several methodological constraints that determine its applicability in a given type of experiment. The prevalence of this method is far from being comparable to patch clamp voltage recording or similar routine methods in neuroscience research. There are more than twice as many studies on VSDs as there are on GEVIs. As can be seen from the majority of the papers, most of them are either methodological ones or reviews. However, potentiometric imaging is able to address key questions in neuroscience by recording most or many neurons simultaneously, thus providing unique information that cannot be obtained via other methods. Different types of optical voltage indicators have their advantages and limitations, which we focus on in detail. Here, we summarize the experience of the scientific community in the application of voltage imaging and try to evaluate the contribution of this method to neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Aseyev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Violetta Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Pavel Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Evgeny Nikitin
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
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9
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Brotherton AR, Shibu A, Meadows JC, Sayresmith NA, Brown CE, Ledezma AM, Schmedake TA, Walter MG. Leveraging Coupled Solvatofluorochromism and Fluorescence Quenching in Nitrophenyl-Containing Thiazolothiazoles for Efficient Organic Vapor Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205729. [PMID: 37186373 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Solvatofluorochromic molecules provide strikingly high fluorescent outputs to monitor a wide range of biological, environmental, or materials-related sensing processes. Here, thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz) fluorophores equipped with simple alkylamino and nitrophenyl substituents for solid-state, high-performance chemo-responsive sensing applications are reported. Nitroaromatic substituents are known to strongly quench dye fluorescence, however, the TTz core subtly modulates intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) enabling strong, locally excited-state fluorescence in non-polar conditions. In polar media, a planar ICT excited-state shows near complete quenching, enabling a twisted excited-state emission to be observed. These unique fluorescent properties (spectral shifts of 0.13 - 0.87 eV and large transition dipole moments Δµ = 20.4 - 21.3 D) are leveraged to develop highly sought-after chemo-responsive, organic vapor optical sensors. The sensors are developed by embedding the TTz fluorophores within a poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) block copolymer to form fluorescent dye/polymer composites (ΦF = 70 - 97%). The composites respond reversibly to a comprehensive list of organic solvents and show low vapor concentration sensing (e.g., 0.04% solvent saturation vapor pressure of THF - 66 ppm). The composite films can distinguish between solvent vapors with near complete fluorescent quenching observed when exposed to their saturated solvent vapor pressures, making this an extremely promising material for optical chemo-responsive sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Brotherton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Abhishek Shibu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Jared C Meadows
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Nickolas A Sayresmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Chloe E Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Ana Montoya Ledezma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Thomas A Schmedake
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Michael G Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
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10
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Jiang W, Liu Y, Tang Q, Cai X, Li J, Wang L, Tao C, Yin X, Li X, Hou S, Jiang D, Liu K, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu M, Fan C, Tian Y. Structural and functional imaging of brains. Sci China Chem 2022; 66:324-366. [PMID: 36536633 PMCID: PMC9753096 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological processes. Although neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in the brain have been known, the subcellular structures of cells remain challenging, especially in the live brain. In addition, the complicated brain functions involve numerous functional molecules, but the concentrations, distributions and interactions of these molecules in the brain are still poorly understood. In this review, frontier techniques available for multiscale structure imaging from organelles to the whole brain are first overviewed, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM), light microscopy (LM) and synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM). Specially, XRM for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of large-scale brain tissue with high resolution and fast imaging speed is highlighted. Additionally, the development of elegant methods for acquisition of brain functions from electrical/chemical signals in the brain is outlined. In particular, the new electrophysiology technologies for neural recordings at the single-neuron level and in the brain are also summarized. We also focus on the construction of electrochemical probes based on dual-recognition strategy and surface/interface chemistry for determination of chemical species in the brain with high selectivity and long-term stability, as well as electrochemophysiological microarray for simultaneously recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals in the brain. Moreover, the recent development of brain MRI probes with high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and sensitivity based on hyperpolarized techniques and multi-nuclear chemistry is introduced. Furthermore, multiple optical probes and instruments, especially the optophysiological Raman probes and fiber Raman photometry, for imaging and biosensing in live brain are emphasized. Finally, a brief perspective on existing challenges and further research development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Qiaowei Tang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Jiang Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Changlu Tao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | | | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shangguo Hou
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
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11
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Quicke P, Sun Y, Arias-Garcia M, Beykou M, Acker CD, Djamgoz MBA, Bakal C, Foust AJ. Voltage imaging reveals the dynamic electrical signatures of human breast cancer cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1178. [DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer cells feature a resting membrane potential (Vm) that is depolarized compared to normal cells, and express active ionic conductances, which factor directly in their pathophysiological behavior. Despite similarities to ‘excitable’ tissues, relatively little is known about cancer cell Vm dynamics. Here high-throughput, cellular-resolution Vm imaging reveals that Vm fluctuates dynamically in several breast cancer cell lines compared to non-cancerous MCF-10A cells. We characterize Vm fluctuations of hundreds of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. By quantifying their Dynamic Electrical Signatures (DESs) through an unsupervised machine-learning protocol, we identify four classes ranging from "noisy” to “blinking/waving“. The Vm of MDA-MB-231 cells exhibits spontaneous, transient hyperpolarizations inhibited by the voltage-gated sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin, and by calcium-activated potassium channel inhibitors apamin and iberiotoxin. The Vm of MCF-10A cells is comparatively static, but fluctuations increase following treatment with transforming growth factor-β1, a canonical inducer of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These data suggest that the ability to generate Vm fluctuations may be a property of hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal cells or those originated from luminal progenitors.
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12
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Fiala T, Mosharov EV, Wang J, Mendieta AM, Choi SJ, Fialova E, Hwu C, Sulzer D, Sames D. Chemical Targeting of Rhodol Voltage-Sensitive Dyes to Dopaminergic Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1251-1262. [PMID: 35400149 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging of changes in the membrane potential of living cells can be achieved by means of fluorescent voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs). A particularly challenging task is to efficiently deliver these highly lipophilic probes to specific neuronal subpopulations in brain tissue. We have tackled this task by designing a solubilizing, hydrophilic polymer platform that carries a high-affinity ligand for a membrane protein marker of interest and a fluorescent VSD. Here, we disclose an improved design of polymer-supported probes for chemical, nongenetic targeting of voltage sensors to axons natively expressing the dopamine transporter in ex vivo mouse brain tissue. We first show that for negatively charged rhodol VSDs functioning on the photoinduced electron transfer principle, poly(ethylene glycol) as a carrier enables targeting with higher selectivity than the polysaccharide dextran in HEK cell culture. In the same experimental setting, we also demonstrate that incorporation of an azetidine ring into the rhodol chromophore substantially increases the brightness and voltage sensitivity of the respective VSD. We show that the superior properties of the optimized sensor are transferable to recording of electrically evoked activity from dopaminergic axons in mouse striatal slices after averaging of multiple trials. Finally, we suggest the next milestones for the field to achieve single-scan recordings with nongenetically targeted VSDs in native brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fiala
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eugene V. Mosharov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Adriana M. Mendieta
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Se Joon Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Eva Fialova
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christopher Hwu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- NeuroTechnology Center at Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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13
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Sung YL, Wang TW, Lin TT, Lin SF. Optogenetics in cardiology: methodology and future applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42444-022-00060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOptogenetics is an emerging biological approach with the unique capability of specific targeting due to the precise light control with high spatial and temporal resolution. It uses selected light wavelengths to control and modulate the biological functions of cells, tissues, and organ levels. Optogenetics has been instrumental in different biomedical applications, including neuroscience, diabetes, and mitochondria, based on distinctive optical biomedical effects with light modulation. Nowadays, optogenetics in cardiology is rapidly evolving for the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Several in vitro and in vivo research for cardiac optogenetics demonstrated visible progress. The optogenetics technique can be applied to address critical cardiovascular problems such as heart failure and arrhythmia. To this end, this paper reviews cardiac electrophysiology and the technical progress about experimental and clinical cardiac optogenetics and provides the background and evolution of cardiac optogenetics. We reviewed the literature to demonstrate the servo type, transfection efficiency, signal recording, and heart disease targets in optogenetic applications. Such literature review would hopefully expedite the progress of optogenetics in cardiology and further expect to translate into the clinical terminal in the future.
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14
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Tognolina M, Monteverdi A, D’Angelo E. Discovering Microcircuit Secrets With Multi-Spot Imaging and Electrophysiological Recordings: The Example of Cerebellar Network Dynamics. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:805670. [PMID: 35370553 PMCID: PMC8971197 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.805670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellar cortex microcircuit is characterized by a highly ordered neuronal architecture having a relatively simple and stereotyped connectivity pattern. For a long time, this structural simplicity has incorrectly led to the idea that anatomical considerations would be sufficient to understand the dynamics of the underlying circuitry. However, recent experimental evidence indicates that cerebellar operations are much more complex than solely predicted by anatomy, due to the crucial role played by neuronal and synaptic properties. To be able to explore neuronal and microcircuit dynamics, advanced imaging, electrophysiological techniques and computational models have been combined, allowing us to investigate neuronal ensembles activity and to connect microscale to mesoscale phenomena. Here, we review what is known about cerebellar network organization, neural dynamics and synaptic plasticity and point out what is still missing and would require experimental assessments. We consider the available experimental techniques that allow a comprehensive assessment of circuit dynamics, including voltage and calcium imaging and extracellular electrophysiological recordings with multi-electrode arrays (MEAs). These techniques are proving essential to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of activity and plasticity in the cerebellar network, providing new clues on how circuit dynamics contribute to motor control and higher cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Tognolina
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marialuisa Tognolina,
| | - Anita Monteverdi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Brain Connectivity Center, Pavia, Italy
| | - Egidio D’Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Brain Connectivity Center, Pavia, Italy
- Egidio D’Angelo,
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15
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Jang H, Kim SH, Koh Y, Yoon KJ. Engineering Brain Organoids: Toward Mature Neural Circuitry with an Intact Cytoarchitecture. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:41-59. [PMID: 35220291 PMCID: PMC8889333 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of brain organoids as a model system has been a tremendously exciting development in the field of neuroscience. Brain organoids are a gateway to exploring the intricacies of human-specific neurogenesis that have so far eluded the neuroscience community. Regardless, current culture methods have a long way to go in terms of accuracy and reproducibility. To perfectly mimic the human brain, we need to recapitulate the complex in vivo context of the human fetal brain and achieve mature neural circuitry with an intact cytoarchitecture. In this review, we explore the major challenges facing the current brain organoid systems, potential technical breakthroughs to advance brain organoid techniques up to levels similar to an in vivo human developing brain, and the future prospects of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youmin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST-Wonjin Cell Therapy Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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16
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Brandenburg S, Pawlowitz J, Steckmeister V, Subramanian H, Uhlenkamp D, Scardigli M, Mushtaq M, Amlaz SI, Kohl T, Wegener JW, Arvanitis DA, Sanoudou D, Sacconi L, Hasenfuss G, Voigt N, Nikolaev VO, Lehnart SE. A junctional cAMP compartment regulates rapid Ca 2+ signaling in atrial myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 165:141-157. [PMID: 35033544 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Axial tubule junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum control the rapid intracellular Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release that initiates atrial contraction. In atrial myocytes we previously identified a constitutively increased ryanodine receptor (RyR2) phosphorylation at junctional Ca2+ release sites, whereas non-junctional RyR2 clusters were phosphorylated acutely following β-adrenergic stimulation. Here, we hypothesized that the baseline synthesis of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is constitutively augmented in the axial tubule junctional compartments of atrial myocytes. Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of atrial myocytes revealed that junctin, binding to RyR2 in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, was densely clustered at axial tubule junctions. Interestingly, a new transgenic junctin-targeted FRET cAMP biosensor was exclusively co-clustered in the junctional compartment, and hence allowed to monitor cAMP selectively in the vicinity of junctional RyR2 channels. To dissect local cAMP levels at axial tubule junctions versus subsurface Ca2+ release sites, we developed a confocal FRET imaging technique for living atrial myocytes. A constitutively high adenylyl cyclase activity sustained increased local cAMP levels at axial tubule junctions, whereas β-adrenergic stimulation overcame this cAMP compartmentation resulting in additional phosphorylation of non-junctional RyR2 clusters. Adenylyl cyclase inhibition, however, abolished the junctional RyR2 phosphorylation and decreased L-type Ca2+ channel currents, while FRET imaging showed a rapid cAMP decrease. In conclusion, FRET biosensor imaging identified compartmentalized, constitutively augmented cAMP levels in junctional dyads, driving both the locally increased phosphorylation of RyR2 clusters and larger L-type Ca2+ current density in atrial myocytes. This cell-specific cAMP nanodomain is maintained by a constitutively increased adenylyl cyclase activity, contributing to the rapid junctional Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, whereas β-adrenergic stimulation overcomes the junctional cAMP compartmentation through cell-wide activation of non-junctional RyR2 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Brandenburg
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jan Pawlowitz
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Steckmeister
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Uhlenkamp
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Scardigli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mufassra Mushtaq
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saskia I Amlaz
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kohl
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg W Wegener
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Demetrios A Arvanitis
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany; Heart Research Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany; BioMET, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Ortiz G, Liu P, Deal PE, Nensel AK, Martinez KN, Shamardani K, Adesnik H, Miller EW. A silicon-rhodamine chemical-genetic hybrid for far red voltage imaging from defined neurons in brain slice. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1594-1599. [PMID: 34977574 PMCID: PMC8637932 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00156f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the design, synthesis, and application of voltage-sensitive silicon rhodamines. Based on the Berkeley Red Sensor of Transmembrane potential, or BeRST, scaffold, the new dyes possess an isomeric molecular wire for improved alignment in the plasma membrane and 2′ carboxylic acids for ready functionalization. The new isoBeRST dyes have a voltage sensitivity of 24% ΔF/F per 100 mV. Combined with a flexible polyethyleneglycol (PEG) linker and a chloroalkane HaloTag ligand, isoBeRST dyes enable voltage imaging from genetically defined cells and neurons and provide improved labeling over previous, rhodamine-based hybrid strategies. isoBeRST-Halo hybrid indicators achieve single-trial voltage imaging of membrane potential dynamics from cultured hippocampal neurons or cortical neurons in brain slices. With far-red/near infrared excitation and emission, turn-on response to action potentials, and effective cell labeling in thick tissue, the new isoBeRST-Halo derivatives provide an important complement to voltage imaging in neurobiology. Small-molecule enzyme hybrids pair a far-red voltage-sensitive fluorophore with a cell-surface expressed HaloTag enzyme via a flexible linker to enable voltage imaging from genetically defined neurons in culture and brain slice.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Parker E Deal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Ashley K Nensel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Kayli N Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Hillel Adesnik
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA .,Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
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18
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Müllenbroich MC, Kelly A, Acker C, Bub G, Bruegmann T, Di Bona A, Entcheva E, Ferrantini C, Kohl P, Lehnart SE, Mongillo M, Parmeggiani C, Richter C, Sasse P, Zaglia T, Sacconi L, Smith GL. Novel Optics-Based Approaches for Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:769586. [PMID: 34867476 PMCID: PMC8637189 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.769586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical techniques for recording and manipulating cellular electrophysiology have advanced rapidly in just a few decades. These developments allow for the analysis of cardiac cellular dynamics at multiple scales while largely overcoming the drawbacks associated with the use of electrodes. The recent advent of optogenetics opens up new possibilities for regional and tissue-level electrophysiological control and hold promise for future novel clinical applications. This article, which emerged from the international NOTICE workshop in 2018, reviews the state-of-the-art optical techniques used for cardiac electrophysiological research and the underlying biophysics. The design and performance of optical reporters and optogenetic actuators are reviewed along with limitations of current probes. The physics of light interaction with cardiac tissue is detailed and associated challenges with the use of optical sensors and actuators are presented. Case studies include the use of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and super-resolution microscopy to explore the micro-structure of cardiac cells and a review of two photon and light sheet technologies applied to cardiac tissue. The emergence of cardiac optogenetics is reviewed and the current work exploring the potential clinical use of optogenetics is also described. Approaches which combine optogenetic manipulation and optical voltage measurement are discussed, in terms of platforms that allow real-time manipulation of whole heart electrophysiology in open and closed-loop systems to study optimal ways to terminate spiral arrhythmias. The design and operation of optics-based approaches that allow high-throughput cardiac electrophysiological assays is presented. Finally, emerging techniques of photo-acoustic imaging and stress sensors are described along with strategies for future development and establishment of these techniques in mainstream electrophysiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen Kelly
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Corey Acker
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Gil Bub
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anna Di Bona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan E. Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Richter
- German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Godfrey L. Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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19
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Bringing together the best of chemistry and biology: hybrid indicators for imaging neuronal membrane potential. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 363:109348. [PMID: 34480955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane potential is an indispensable biophysical signal in neurobiology. Imaging neuronal electrical signals with fluorescent indicators allows for non-invasive recording at high spatial resolution. Over the past decades, both genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) and organic voltage sensing dyes (OVSDs) have been developed to achieve imaging membrane potential dynamics in cultured neurons and in vivo. More recently, hybrid voltage indicators have gained increasing attention due to their superior fluorescent quantum yield and photostability as compared to conventional GEVIs. In this mini-review, we summarize the design, characterization and biological applications of hybrid voltage indicators, and discuss future improvements.
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20
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Mukherjee I, Ghosh A, Purkayastha P. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer from Carbon Nanoparticles to a DNA-Bound Compound: A Method to Detect the Nature of Binding. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10126-10137. [PMID: 34465085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A drug molecule can bind in various orientations to a DNA strand. Nature of the binding decides the functionality and efficacy of the drug. To innovate a new method to detect the nature of binding of a drug to DNA strands, herein we have used the dipole-dipole interaction driven Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and a DNA-bound small molecule, (E)-3-ethyl-2-(4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)styryl)benzo[d]thiazol-3-ium (EPSBT), which belongs to the hemicyanine family and binds typically to the minor groove of a DNA duplex. EPSBT was designed to obtain appreciable fluorescence quantum yield, which constructed an efficient FRET pair with the synthesized CNPs. The tested compound prefers the thymine nucleobase to bind to the DNA strand. Orientation of its dipole on attachment to the DNA strand and the donor-acceptor distance dictate the FRET efficiency with the CNPs. The results provided a precise estimation of the nature of binding of EPSBT to the DNA backbone and, hence, supposedly will help in deciding the functional efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, WB 741246, India
| | - Ashutosh Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, WB 741246, India
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, WB 741246, India
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21
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Yu Q, Wang X, Nie L. Optical recording of brain functions based on voltage-sensitive dyes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Walker AS, Raliski BK, Karbasi K, Zhang P, Sanders K, Miller EW. Optical Spike Detection and Connectivity Analysis With a Far-Red Voltage-Sensitive Fluorophore Reveals Changes to Network Connectivity in Development and Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643859. [PMID: 34054405 PMCID: PMC8155641 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to optically record dynamics of neuronal membrane potential promises to revolutionize our understanding of neurobiology. In this study, we show that the far-red voltage sensitive fluorophore, Berkeley Red Sensor of Transmembrane potential-1, or BeRST 1, can be used to monitor neuronal membrane potential changes across dozens of neurons at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. Notably, voltage imaging with BeRST 1 can be implemented with affordable, commercially available illumination sources, optics, and detectors. BeRST 1 is well-tolerated in cultures of rat hippocampal neurons and provides exceptional optical recording fidelity, as judged by dual fluorescence imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology. We developed a semi-automated spike-picking program to reduce user bias when calling action potentials and used this in conjunction with BeRST 1 to develop an optical spike and connectivity analysis (OSCA) for high-throughput dissection of neuronal activity dynamics. The high temporal resolution of BeRST 1 enables dissection of firing rate changes in response to acute, pharmacological interventions with commonly used inhibitors like gabazine and picrotoxin. Over longer periods of time, BeRST 1 also tracks chronic perturbations to neurons exposed to amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ 1-42), revealing modest changes to spiking frequency but profound changes to overall network connectivity. Finally, we use OSCA to track changes in neuronal connectivity during maturation in culture, providing a functional readout of network assembly. We envision that use of BeRST 1 and OSCA described here will be of use to the broad neuroscience community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison S. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin K. Raliski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kaveh Karbasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kate Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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23
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Liu S, Lin C, Xu Y, Luo H, Peng L, Zeng X, Zheng H, Chen PR, Zou P. A far-red hybrid voltage indicator enabled by bioorthogonal engineering of rhodopsin on live neurons. Nat Chem 2021; 13:472-479. [PMID: 33859392 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Membrane potential is a key aspect of cellular signalling and is dynamically regulated by an array of ion-selective pumps and channels. Fluorescent voltage indicators enable non-invasive optical recording of the cellular membrane potential with high spatial resolution. Here, we report a palette of bright and sensitive hybrid voltage indicators (HVIs) with fluorescence intensities sensitive to changes in membrane potential via electrochromic Förster resonance energy transfer. Enzyme-mediated site-specific incorporation of a probe, followed by an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition, was used to create enhanced voltage-sensing rhodopsins with hybrid dye-protein architectures. The most sensitive indicator, HVI-Cy3, displays high voltage sensitivity (-39% ΔF/F0 per 100 mV) and millisecond response kinetics, enabling optical recording of action potentials at a sampling rate of 400 Hz over 10 min across a large neuronal population. The far-red indicator HVI-Cy5 could be paired with optogenetic actuators and green/red-emitting fluorescent indicators, allowing an all-optical investigation of neuronal electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luxin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huangtao Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng R Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China. .,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, China.
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24
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Gonzalez MA, Walker AS, Cao KJ, Lazzari-Dean JR, Settineri NS, Kong EJ, Kramer RH, Miller EW. Voltage Imaging with a NIR-Absorbing Phosphine Oxide Rhodamine Voltage Reporter. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2304-2314. [PMID: 33501825 PMCID: PMC7986050 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent dyes that emit and absorb light at wavelengths greater than 700 nm and that respond to biochemical and biophysical events in living systems remains an outstanding challenge for noninvasive optical imaging. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and application of near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing and -emitting optical voltmeter based on a sulfonated, phosphine-oxide (po) rhodamine for voltage imaging in intact retinas. We find that po-rhodamine based voltage reporters, or poRhoVRs, display NIR excitation and emission profiles at greater than 700 nm, show a range of voltage sensitivities (13 to 43% ΔF/F per 100 mV in HEK cells), and can be combined with existing optical sensors, like Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent proteins (GCaMP), and actuators, like light-activated opsins ChannelRhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Simultaneous voltage and Ca2+ imaging reveals differences in activity dynamics in rat hippocampal neurons, and pairing poRhoVR with blue-light based ChR2 affords all-optical electrophysiology. In ex vivo retinas isolated from a mouse model of retinal degeneration, poRhoVR, together with GCaMP-based Ca2+ imaging and traditional multielectrode array (MEA) recording, can provide a comprehensive physiological activity profile of neuronal activity, revealing differences in voltage and Ca2+ dynamics within hyperactive networks of the mouse retina. Taken together, these experiments establish that poRhoVR will open new horizons in optical interrogation of cellular and neuronal physiology in intact systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alison S. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin J. Cao
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julia R. Lazzari-Dean
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Settineri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eui Ju Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard H. Kramer
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Daria VR, Castañares ML, Bachor HA. Spatio-temporal parameters for optical probing of neuronal activity. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:13-33. [PMID: 33747244 PMCID: PMC7930150 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge to understand the complex neuronal circuit functions in the mammalian brain has brought about a revolution in light-based neurotechnologies and optogenetic tools. However, while recent seminal works have shown excellent insights on the processing of basic functions such as sensory perception, memory, and navigation, understanding more complex brain functions is still unattainable with current technologies. We are just scratching the surface, both literally and figuratively. Yet, the path towards fully understanding the brain is not totally uncertain. Recent rapid technological advancements have allowed us to analyze the processing of signals within dendritic arborizations of single neurons and within neuronal circuits. Understanding the circuit dynamics in the brain requires a good appreciation of the spatial and temporal properties of neuronal activity. Here, we assess the spatio-temporal parameters of neuronal responses and match them with suitable light-based neurotechnologies as well as photochemical and optogenetic tools. We focus on the spatial range that includes dendrites and certain brain regions (e.g., cortex and hippocampus) that constitute neuronal circuits. We also review some temporal characteristics of some proteins and ion channels responsible for certain neuronal functions. With the aid of the photochemical and optogenetic markers, we can use light to visualize the circuit dynamics of a functioning brain. The challenge to understand how the brain works continue to excite scientists as research questions begin to link macroscopic and microscopic units of brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R. Daria
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Hans-A. Bachor
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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26
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T-tubule remodeling in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 42:305-322. [PMID: 33222034 PMCID: PMC8332592 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-020-09591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The highly organized transverse T-tubule membrane system represents the ultrastructural substrate for excitation–contraction coupling in ventricular myocytes. While the architecture and function of T-tubules have been well described in animal models, there is limited morpho-functional data on T-tubules in human myocardium. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the heart muscle, characterized by different clinical presentations at the various stages of its progression. Most HCM patients, indeed, show a compensated hypertrophic disease (“non-failing hypertrophic phase”), with preserved left ventricular function, and only a small subset of individuals evolves into heart failure (“end stage HCM”). In terms of T-tubule remodeling, the “end-stage” disease does not differ from other forms of heart failure. In this review we aim to recapitulate the main structural features of T-tubules during the “non-failing hypertrophic stage” of human HCM by revisiting data obtained from human myectomy samples. Moreover, by comparing pathological changes observed in myectomy samples with those introduced by acute (experimentally induced) detubulation, we discuss the role of T-tubular disruption as a part of the complex excitation–contraction coupling remodeling process that occurs during disease progression. Lastly, we highlight how T-tubule morpho-functional changes may be related to patient genotype and we discuss the possibility of a primitive remodeling of the T-tubule system in rare HCM forms associated with genes coding for proteins implicated in T-tubule structural integrity, formation and maintenance.
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27
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Martišienė I, Mačianskienė R, Benetis R, Jurevičius J. Cardiac Optical Mapping in Situ in Swine Models: A View of the Current Situation. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2020; 56:medicina56110620. [PMID: 33217906 PMCID: PMC7698624 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical mapping is recognized as a promising tool for the registration of electrical activity in the heart. Most cardiac optical mapping experiments are performed in ex vivo isolated heart models. However, the electrophysiological properties of the heart are highly influenced by the autonomic nervous system as well as humoral regulation; therefore, in vivo investigations of heart activity in large animals are definitely preferred. Furthermore, such investigations can be considered the last step before clinical application. Recently, two comprehensive studies have examined optical mapping approaches for pig hearts in situ (in vivo), likely advancing the methodological capacity to perform complex electrophysiological investigations of the heart. Both studies had the same aim, i.e., to develop high-spatiotemporal-resolution optical mapping suitable for registration of electrical activity of pig heart in situ, but the methods chosen were different. In this brief review, we analyse and compare the results of recent studies and discuss their translational potential for in situ cardiac optical mapping applications in large animals. We focus on the modes of blood circulation that are employed, the use of different voltage-sensitive dyes and their loading procedures, and ways of eliminating contraction artefacts. Finally, we evaluate the possible scenarios for optical mapping (OM) application in large animals in situ and infer which scenario is optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Martišienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.M.); (R.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Regina Mačianskienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.M.); (R.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Rimantas Benetis
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.M.); (R.M.); (R.B.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Jurevičius
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.M.); (R.M.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Kuhn B, Picollo F, Carabelli V, Rispoli G. Advanced real-time recordings of neuronal activity with tailored patch pipettes, diamond multi-electrode arrays and electrochromic voltage-sensitive dyes. Pflugers Arch 2020; 473:15-36. [PMID: 33047171 PMCID: PMC7782438 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To understand the working principles of the nervous system is key to figure out its electrical activity and how this activity spreads along the neuronal network. It is therefore crucial to develop advanced techniques aimed to record in real time the electrical activity, from compartments of single neurons to populations of neurons, to understand how higher functions emerge from coordinated activity. To record from single neurons, a technique will be presented to fabricate patch pipettes able to seal on any membrane with a single glass type and whose shanks can be widened as desired. This dramatically reduces access resistance during whole-cell recording allowing fast intracellular and, if required, extracellular perfusion. To simultaneously record from many neurons, biocompatible probes will be described employing multi-electrodes made with novel technologies, based on diamond substrates. These probes also allow to synchronously record exocytosis and neuronal excitability and to stimulate neurons. Finally, to achieve even higher spatial resolution, it will be shown how voltage imaging, employing fast voltage-sensitive dyes and two-photon microscopy, is able to sample voltage oscillations in the brain spatially resolved and voltage changes in dendrites of single neurons at millisecond and micrometre resolution in awake animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kuhn
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, OIST Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Federico Picollo
- Department of Physics, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino and Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, via Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- Department of Drug and Science Technology, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Rispoli
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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29
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Milosevic MM, Jang J, McKimm EJ, Zhu MH, Antic SD. In Vitro Testing of Voltage Indicators: Archon1, ArcLightD, ASAP1, ASAP2s, ASAP3b, Bongwoori-Pos6, BeRST1, FlicR1, and Chi-VSFP-Butterfly. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0060-20.2020. [PMID: 32817120 PMCID: PMC7540930 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0060-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) could potentially be used for mapping neural circuits at the plane of synaptic potentials and plateau potentials-two blind spots of GCaMP-based imaging. In the last year alone, several laboratories reported significant breakthroughs in the quality of GEVIs and the efficacy of the voltage imaging equipment. One major obstacle of using well performing GEVIs in the pursuit of interesting biological data is the process of transferring GEVIs between laboratories, as their reported qualities (e.g., membrane targeting, brightness, sensitivity, optical signal quality) are often difficult to reproduce outside of the laboratory of the GEVI origin. We have tested eight available GEVIs (Archon1, ArcLightD, ASAP1, ASAP2s, ASAP3b, Bongwoori-Pos6, FlicR1, and chi-VSFP-Butterfly) and two voltage-sensitive dyes (BeRST1 and di-4-ANEPPS). We used the same microscope, lens, and optical detector, while the light sources were interchanged. GEVI voltage imaging was attempted in the following three preparations: (1) cultured neurons, (2) HEK293 cells, and (3) mouse brain slices. Systematic measurements were successful only in HEK293 cells and brain slices. Despite the significant differences in brightness and dynamic response (ON rate), all tested indicators produced reasonable optical signals in brain slices and solid in vitro quality properties, in the range initially reported by the creator laboratories. Side-by-side comparisons between GEVIs and organic dyes obtained in HEK293 cells and brain slices by a "third party" (current data) will be useful for determining the right voltage indicator for a given research application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena M Milosevic
- Institute for Systems Genomics, Department of Neuroscience, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jinyoung Jang
- Institute for Systems Genomics, Department of Neuroscience, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Eric J McKimm
- Institute for Systems Genomics, Department of Neuroscience, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Mei Hong Zhu
- Institute for Systems Genomics, Department of Neuroscience, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Srdjan D Antic
- Institute for Systems Genomics, Department of Neuroscience, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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30
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Wang S, Li B, Zhang F. Molecular Fluorophores for Deep-Tissue Bioimaging. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1302-1316. [PMID: 32875073 PMCID: PMC7453417 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has made tremendous inroads toward understanding the complexity of biological systems, but in vivo deep-tissue imaging remains a great challenge due to the optical opacity of biological tissue. Recent improvements in laser and detector manufacturing have allowed the expansion of nonlinear and linear fluorescence imaging to the underexplored "tissue-transparent" second near-infrared (NIR-II; 1000-1700 nm) window, opening up new opportunities for optical access deep inside opaque tissue. Molecular fluorophores have historically played a major role in fluorescence bioimaging. It is increasingly important to design new molecular fluorophores to fully unlock the potential of NIR-II imaging techniques. In this outlook, we give an overview of the novel molecular fluorophores developed for deep-tissue bioimaging in the past five years and discuss their pros and cons in applications. Guidelines for designing new molecular fluorophores with the desirable properties are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and
iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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31
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Acker CD, Yan P, Loew LM. Recent progress in optical voltage-sensor technology and applications to cardiac research: from single cells to whole hearts. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 154:3-10. [PMID: 31474387 PMCID: PMC7048644 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first workshop on Novel Optics-based approaches for Cardiac Electrophysiology (NOtiCE) was held in Florence Italy in 2018. Here, we learned how optical approaches have shaped our basic understanding of cardiac electrophysiology and how new technologies and approaches are being developed and validated to advance the field. Several technologies are being developed that may one day allow for new clinical approaches for diagnosing cardiac disorders and possibly intervening to treat human patients. In this review, we discuss several technologies and approaches to optical voltage imaging with voltage-sensitive dyes. We highlight the development and application of fluorinated and long wavelength voltage-sensitive dyes. These optical voltage sensors have now been applied and well validated in several different assays from cultured human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to whole hearts in-vivo. Imaging concepts such as dual wavelength ratiometric techniques, which are crucial to maximizing the information from optical sensors by increasing the useful signal and eliminating noise and artifacts, are presented. Finally, novel voltage sensors including photoacoustic voltage-sensitive dyes, their current capabilities and potential advantages, are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey D Acker
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Ping Yan
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Leslie M Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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32
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Lee P, Quintanilla JG, Alfonso-Almazán JM, Galán-Arriola C, Yan P, Sánchez-González J, Pérez-Castellano N, Pérez-Villacastín J, Ibañez B, Loew LM, Filgueiras-Rama D. In vivo ratiometric optical mapping enables high-resolution cardiac electrophysiology in pig models. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1659-1671. [PMID: 30753358 PMCID: PMC6704389 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac optical mapping is the gold standard for measuring complex electrophysiology in ex vivo heart preparations. However, new methods for optical mapping in vivo have been elusive. We aimed at developing and validating an experimental method for performing in vivo cardiac optical mapping in pig models. Methods and results First, we characterized ex vivo the excitation-ratiometric properties during pacing and ventricular fibrillation (VF) of two near-infrared voltage-sensitive dyes (di-4-ANBDQBS/di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA) optimized for imaging blood-perfused tissue (n = 7). Then, optical-fibre recordings in Langendorff-perfused hearts demonstrated that ratiometry permits the recording of optical action potentials (APs) with minimal motion artefacts during contraction (n = 7). Ratiometric optical mapping ex vivo also showed that optical AP duration (APD) and conduction velocity (CV) measurements can be accurately obtained to test drug effects. Secondly, we developed a percutaneous dye-loading protocol in vivo to perform high-resolution ratiometric optical mapping of VF dynamics (motion minimal) using a high-speed camera system positioned above the epicardial surface of the exposed heart (n = 11). During pacing (motion substantial) we recorded ratiometric optical signals and activation via a 2D fibre array in contact with the epicardial surface (n = 7). Optical APs in vivo under general anaesthesia showed significantly faster CV [120 (63–138) cm/s vs. 51 (41–64) cm/s; P = 0.032] and a statistical trend to longer APD90 [242 (217–254) ms vs. 192 (182–233) ms; P = 0.095] compared with ex vivo measurements in the contracting heart. The average rate of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decay of di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA in vivo was 0.0671 ± 0.0090 min−1. However, reloading with di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA fully recovered the initial SNR. Finally, toxicity studies (n = 12) showed that coronary dye injection did not generate systemic nor cardiac damage, although di-4-ANBDQBS injection induced transient hypotension, which was not observed with di-4-ANEQ(F)PTEA. Conclusions In vivo optical mapping using voltage ratiometry of near-infrared dyes enables high-resolution cardiac electrophysiology in translational pig models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lee
- Essel Research and Development Inc., Toronto, 337 Sheppard Ave East, Toronto, Ontario M2N 3B3, Canada
| | - Jorge G Quintanilla
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain.,Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiovascular Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Alfonso-Almazán
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galán-Arriola
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ping Yan
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Nicasio Pérez-Castellano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain.,Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiovascular Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Pérez-Villacastín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain.,Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiovascular Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Interhospitalaria para la Investigación Cardiovascular (FIC), Paseo de San Francisco de Sales 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain.,IIS-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Department of Cardiology, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leslie M Loew
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David Filgueiras-Rama
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center, Carlos III (CNIC), Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain.,Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiovascular Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid, Spain
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Chen G, Cao Y, Tang Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Huang D, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang Q. Advanced Near-Infrared Light for Monitoring and Modulating the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cell Functions in Living Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903783. [PMID: 32328436 PMCID: PMC7175256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-based technique, including optical imaging and photoregulation, has become one of the most important tools for both fundamental research and clinical practice, such as cell signal sensing, cancer diagnosis, tissue engineering, drug delivery, visual regulation, neuromodulation, and disease treatment. In particular, low energy near-infrared (NIR, 700-1700 nm) light possesses lower phototoxicity and higher tissue penetration depth in living systems as compared with ultraviolet/visible light, making it a promising tool for in vivo applications. Currently, the NIR light-based imaging and photoregulation strategies have offered a possibility to real-time sense and/or modulate specific cellular events in deep tissues with subcellular accuracy. Herein, the recent progress with respect to NIR light for monitoring and modulating the spatiotemporal dynamics of cell functions in living systems are summarized. In particular, the applications of NIR light-based techniques in cancer theranostics, regenerative medicine, and neuroscience research are systematically introduced and discussed. In addition, the challenges and prospects for NIR light-based cell sensing and regulating techniques are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Yuheng Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Yanxing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Xue Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Yongyang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Dehua Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Chunyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano‐Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i‐LabCAS Center for Excellence in Brain ScienceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging TechnologySuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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Collot M, Boutant E, Fam KT, Danglot L, Klymchenko AS. Molecular Tuning of Styryl Dyes Leads to Versatile and Efficient Plasma Membrane Probes for Cell and Tissue Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:875-883. [PMID: 32053748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) plays a major role in many biological processes; therefore, its proper fluorescence staining is required in bioimaging. Among the commercially available PM probes, styryl dye FM1-43 is one of the most widely used. In this work, we demonstrated that fine chemical modifications of FM1-43 can dramatically improve the PM staining. The newly developed probes, SP-468 and SQ-535, were found to display enhanced photophysical properties (reduced cross-talk, higher brightness, improved photostability) and, unlike FM1-43, provided excellent and immediate PM staining in 5 different mammalian cell types including neurons (primary culture and tissue imaging). Taking advantage of these features, we successfully used SP-468 in STED super resolution neuronal imaging. Additionally, we showed that the new probes displayed differences in their internalization pathways compared to their parent FM1-43. Finally, we showed that the new probes kept the ability to stain the PM of plant cells. Overall, this work presents new useful probes for PM imaging in cells and tissues and provides insights on the molecular design of new PM targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, FR 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Emmanuel Boutant
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, FR 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Kyong Tkhe Fam
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, FR 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, "Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain", F 75014 Paris, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, FR 67401 Illkirch, France
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Demchenko AP. Photobleaching of organic fluorophores: quantitative characterization, mechanisms, protection. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:022001. [PMID: 32028269 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab7365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical stability is one of the most important parameters that determine the usefulness of organic dyes in different applications. This Review addresses key factors that determine the dye photostability. It is shown that photodegradation can follow different oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms and may involve both 1S1-3T1 and higher-energy 1Sn-3Tn excited states. Their involvement and contribution depends on dye structure, medium conditions, irradiation power. Fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY and cyanine dyes, as well as conjugated polymers are discussed as selected examples illustrating photobleaching mechanisms. The strategies for modulating and improving the photostability are overviewed. They include the improvement of fluorophore design, particularly by attaching protective and anti-fading groups, creating proper medium conditions in liquid, solid and nanoscale environments. The special conditions for biological labeling, sensing and imaging are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Demchenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Leontovicha st. 9, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine. Yuriy Fedkovych National University, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine
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36
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Delaney SL, Gendreau JL, D'Souza M, Feng AY, Ho AL. Optogenetic Modulation for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:187-197. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Austin Y. Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Georgia
| | - Allen L. Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Georgia
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Nesmith HW, Zhang H, Rogers JM. Optical mapping of electromechanics in intact organs. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 245:368-373. [PMID: 31842618 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219894942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical mapping has become a widely used and important method in cardiac electrophysiology. The method typically uses voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes and high-speed cameras to image propagation of electrical waves. However, signals are highly susceptible to artifact caused by motion of the target organ. Consequently, cardiac optical mapping is traditionally performed in isolated, perfused organs whose contraction has been pharmacologically arrested. This has prevented optical mapping from being used to study interactions between electrical and mechanical motion. However, recently, a number of groups have developed methods to implement cardiac optical mapping in the presence of motion. These methods employ two basic strategies: (1) compensate for motion by measuring it or (2) ratiometry. In ratiometry, two signals are recorded from each site. The signals have differing sensitivity to membrane potential, but common motion artifact, which can be cancelled by taking the ratio of the two signals. Some methods use both of these strategies. Methods that measure motion have the additional advantage that this information can be used to quantify the organ’s mechanical function. Doing so enables combined “electromechanical mapping,” which allows optical study of electromechanical interactions. By allowing recording in the presence of motion, the new methods open the door to optical recording in in-vivo preparations. In addition, it is possible to implement electromechanical optical mapping techniques in organ systems other than the heart. For example, it was recently shown that optical mapping of slow wave propagation in the swine stomach is feasible. Such studies have the potential to uncover new information on the role of dysrhythmic slow wave propagation in gastric motility disorders. Impact statement Electrical and mechanical functions in the heart are bidirectionally coupled, yet are usually studied separately because of the different instrumentation technologies that are used in the two areas. Optical mapping is a powerful and widespread tool for imaging electrical propagation, but has traditionally required mechanical function to be arrested. Recently new methods have been devised that enable optical mapping to be performed in beating hearts and also to simultaneously quantify mechanical function. These new technologies promise to yield new information about electromechanical interactions in normal and pathological settings. They are also beginning to find application in other organ systems such as the gastrointestinal tract where they may provide new insight into motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley W Nesmith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jack M Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Caglar M, Pandya R, Xiao J, Foster SK, Divitini G, Chen RYS, Greenham NC, Franze K, Rao A, Keyser UF. All-Optical Detection of Neuronal Membrane Depolarization in Live Cells Using Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8539-8549. [PMID: 31686516 PMCID: PMC7007274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have recently been suggested as novel probes for imaging and sensing cell membrane voltages. However, a key bottleneck for their development is a lack of techniques to assess QD responses to voltages generated in the aqueous electrolytic environments typical of biological systems. Even more generally, there have been relatively few efforts to assess the response of QDs to voltage changes in live cells. Here, we develop a platform for monitoring the photoluminescence (PL) response of QDs under AC and DC voltage changes within aqueous ionic environments. We evaluate both traditional CdSe/CdS and more biologically compatible InP/ZnS QDs at a range of ion concentrations to establish their PL/voltage characteristics on chip. Wide-field, few-particle PL measurements with neuronal cells show the QDs can be used to track local voltage changes with greater sensitivity (ΔPL up to twice as large) than state-of-the-art calcium imaging dyes, making them particularly appealing for tracking subthreshold events. Additional physiological observation studies showed that while CdSe/CdS dots have greater PL responses on membrane depolarization, their lower cytotoxicity makes InP/ZnS far more suitable for voltage sensing in living systems. Our results provide a methodology for the rational development of QD voltage sensors and highlight their potential for imaging changes in cell membrane voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Caglar
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Pandya
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - James Xiao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah K. Foster
- Department
of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Greenham
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department
of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich F. Keyser
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Imaging techniques may overcome the limitations of electrode techniques to measure locally not only membrane potential changes, but also ionic currents. Here, we review a recently developed approach to image native neuronal Ca2+ currents from brain slices. The technique is based on combined fluorescence recordings using low-affinity Ca2+ indicators possibly in combination with voltage sensitive dyes. We illustrate how the kinetics of a Ca2+ current can be estimated from the Ca2+ fluorescence change and locally correlated with the change of membrane potential, calibrated on an absolute scale, from the voltage fluorescence change. We show some representative measurements from the dendrites of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons, from olfactory bulb mitral cells and from cerebellar Purkinje neurons. We discuss the striking difference in data analysis and interpretation between Ca2+ current measurements obtained using classical electrode techniques and the physiological currents obtained using this novel approach. Finally, we show how important is the kinetic information on the native Ca2+ current to explore the potential molecular targets of the Ca2+ flux from each individual Ca2+ channel.
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40
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Chang Z, Liu F, Wang L, Deng M, Zhou C, Sun Q, Chu J. Near-infrared dyes, nanomaterials and proteins. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Abstract
As a "holy grail" of neuroscience, optical imaging of membrane potential could enable high resolution measurements of spiking and synaptic activity in neuronal populations. This has been partly achieved using organic voltage-sensitive dyes in vitro, or in invertebrate preparations yet unspecific staining has prevented single-cell resolution measurements from mammalian preparations in vivo. The development of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) and chemogenetic sensors has enabled targeting voltage indicators to plasma membranes and selective neuronal populations. Here, we review recent advances in the design and use of genetic voltage indicators and discuss advantages and disadvantages of three classes of them. Although genetic voltage indicators could revolutionize neuroscience, there are still significant challenges, particularly two-photon performance. To overcome them may require cross-disciplinary collaborations, team effort, and sustained support by large-scale research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Bando
- Neurotechnology Center, Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Present address: Department Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Christiane Grimm
- Neurotechnology Center, Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Victor H Cornejo
- Neurotechnology Center, Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Neurotechnology Center, Department Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Wang L, Ripplinger CM. Putting the pieces together using in vivo optical mapping. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1574-1575. [PMID: 30924872 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 2419B Tupper Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 2419B Tupper Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Kong CHT, Bryant SM, Watson JJ, Roth DM, Patel HH, Cannell MB, James AF, Orchard CH. Cardiac-specific overexpression of caveolin-3 preserves t-tubular I Ca during heart failure in mice. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:654-666. [PMID: 30786093 PMCID: PMC6488395 DOI: 10.1113/ep087304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the cellular basis of the protection conferred on the heart by overexpression of caveolin-3 (Cav-3 OE) against many of the features of heart failure normally observed in vivo? What is the main finding and its importance? Cav-3 overexpression has little effect in normal ventricular myocytes but reduces cellular hypertrophy and preserves t-tubular ICa , but not local t-tubular Ca2+ release, in heart failure induced by pressure overload in mice. Thus Cav-3 overexpression provides specific but limited protection following induction of heart failure, although other factors disrupt Ca2+ release. ABSTRACT Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) is an 18 kDa protein that has been implicated in t-tubule formation and function in cardiac ventricular myocytes. During cardiac hypertrophy and failure, Cav-3 expression decreases, t-tubule structure is disrupted and excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is impaired. Previous work has suggested that Cav-3 overexpression (OE) is cardio-protective, but the effect of Cav-3 OE on these cellular changes is unknown. We therefore investigated whether Cav-3 OE in mice is protective against the cellular effects of pressure overload induced by 8 weeks' transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Cav-3 OE mice developed cardiac dilatation, decreased stroke volume and ejection fraction, and hypertrophy and pulmonary congestion in response to TAC. These changes were accompanied by cellular hypertrophy, a decrease in t-tubule regularity and density, and impaired local Ca2+ release at the t-tubules. However, the extent of cardiac and cellular hypertrophy was reduced in Cav-3 OE compared to WT mice, and t-tubular Ca2+ current (ICa ) density was maintained. These data suggest that Cav-3 OE helps prevent hypertrophy and loss of t-tubular ICa following TAC, but that other factors disrupt local Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherrie H. T. Kong
- School of PhysiologyPharmacology & NeuroscienceBiomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | - Simon M. Bryant
- School of PhysiologyPharmacology & NeuroscienceBiomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | - Judy J. Watson
- School of PhysiologyPharmacology & NeuroscienceBiomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | - David M. Roth
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCAUSA
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCAUSA
| | - Mark B. Cannell
- School of PhysiologyPharmacology & NeuroscienceBiomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | - Andrew F. James
- School of PhysiologyPharmacology & NeuroscienceBiomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | - Clive H. Orchard
- School of PhysiologyPharmacology & NeuroscienceBiomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
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Wang X, Anton N, Ashokkumar P, Anton H, Fam TK, Vandamme T, Klymchenko AS, Collot M. Optimizing the Fluorescence Properties of Nanoemulsions for Single Particle Tracking in Live Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13079-13090. [PMID: 30844230 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions (NEs) are biocompatible lipid nanoparticles composed of an oily core stabilized by a surfactant shell. It is acknowledged that the surface decoration with poly(ethylene glycol), through the use of nonionic surfactants, confers high stealth in biological medium with reduced nonspecific interactions. Tracking individual NE by fluorescence microscopy techniques would lead to a better understanding of their behavior in cells and thus require the development of bright single particles with enhanced photostability. However, the understanding of the relationship between the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the NEs, on the one hand, and its fluorescence properties of encapsulated dyes, on the other hand, remains limited. Herein, we synthesized three new dioxaborine barbituryl styryl (DBS) dyes that displayed high molar extinction coefficients (up to 120 000 M-1 cm-1) with relatively low quantum yields in solvents and impressive fluorescence enhancement when dissolved in viscous oils (up to 0.98). The reported screening of nine different oils allowed disclosing a range of efficient "oil/dye" couples and understanding the main parameters that lead to the brightest NEs. We determine vitamin E acetate/DBS-C8 as the representative most efficient couple, combining high dye loading capabilities and low aggregation-induced quenching, leading to <50 nm ultrabright NEs (with brightness as high as 30 × 106 M-1 cm-1) with negligible dye leakage in biological media. Beyond a comprehensive optical and physicochemical characterization of fluorescent NEs, cellular two-photon excitation imaging was performed with polymer-coated cell penetrating NEs. Thanks to their impressive brightness and photostability, NEs displaying different charge surfaces were microinjected in HeLa cells and were individually tracked in the cytosol to study their relative velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Pichandi Ashokkumar
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Halina Anton
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Tkhe Kyong Fam
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
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45
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Panzera LC, Hoppa MB. Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators Are Illuminating Subcellular Physiology of the Axon. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:52. [PMID: 30881287 PMCID: PMC6406964 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Everything we see and do is regulated by electrical signals in our nerves and muscle. Ion channels are crucial for sensing and generating electrical signals. Two voltage-dependent conductances, Na+ and K+, form the bedrock of the electrical impulse in the brain known as the action potential. Several classes of mammalian neurons express combinations of nearly 100 different varieties of these two voltage-dependent channels and their subunits. Not surprisingly, this variability orchestrates a diversity of action potential shapes and firing patterns that have been studied in detail at neural somata. A remarkably understudied phenomena exists in subcellular compartments of the axon, where action potentials initiate synaptic transmission. Ion channel research was catalyzed by the invention of glass electrodes to measure electrical signals in cell membranes, however, progress in the field of neurobiology has been stymied by the fact that most axons in the mammalian CNS are far too small and delicate for measuring ion channel function with electrodes. These quantitative measurements of membrane voltage can be achieved within the axon using light. A revolution of optical voltage sensors has enabled exploring important questions of how ion channels regulate axon physiology and synaptic transmission. In this review we will consider advantages and disadvantages of different fluorescent voltage indicators and discuss particularly relevant questions that these indicators can elucidate for understanding the crucial relationship between action potentials and synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B. Hoppa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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46
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Nagamani N, Lakshmanan S, Govindaraj D, Ramamoorthy C, Ramalakshmi N, Arul Antony S. Selective and efficient detection of picric acid among other nitroaromatics by NIR fluorescent cyanine chemosensors. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 207:321-327. [PMID: 30267977 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe composed of a Hemi cyanine dye bearing conjugated N, N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde based fluorophore C1 and C2 as a new visible and near-infrared chemo dosimeter type sensor on highly sensitive and selective chemosensors. The color change and quenching of the dye emission are selective detections of picric acid at nanomolar concentration is accomplished in water medium without having any interference from other NAC's. The protonation and deprotonation between N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethyl aniline units will prompt to the changes in the targeted ICT molecules and the emission response can be detected on distinct NAC. The dyes C1 and C2 set out towards NACs was explored in the THF-H2O medium by UV-vis and fluorescence spectra situated around 560 nm with high molar absorption coefficient. NMR spectroscopic titrations in DMSO‑d6 for affirming the interface between the picric acid with C1 1H NMR was utilized to confirm our proposed mechanism. The as-synthesis of cyanine dyes C1 and C2, involves condensation reaction between (1.0 equiv) of 1,1,2,3-tetramethyl-1H-benzo[e]indol-3-ium iodide 2 with (1.1 equiv.) p-N,N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde, and catalytic amount of piperidine in ethanol continued by reflux for 7 h under idle states, in this way giving a facile, convenient and minimal effort strategy for detection of picric acid in solution and in contact mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagamani
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai-05, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Dharaman Govindaraj
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | | | | | - S Arul Antony
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai-05, Tamil Nadu, India
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47
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Grenier V, Daws BR, Liu P, Miller EW. Spying on Neuronal Membrane Potential with Genetically Targetable Voltage Indicators. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1349-1358. [PMID: 30628785 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methods for optical measurement of voltage dynamics in living cells are attractive because they provide spatial resolution surpassing traditional electrode-based measurements and temporal resolution exceeding that of widely used Ca2+ imaging. Chemically synthesized voltage-sensitive dyes that use photoinduced electron transfer as a voltage-sensing trigger offer high voltage sensitivity and fast-response kinetics, but targeting chemical indicators to specific cells remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we present a new family of readily functionalizable, fluorescein-based voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes (sarcosine-VoltageFluors) that can be covalently attached to a genetically encoded cell surface receptor to achieve voltage imaging from genetically defined neurons. We synthesized four new VoltageFluor derivatives that possess carboxylic acid functionality for simple conjugation to flexible tethers. The best of this new group of dyes was conjugated via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker to a small peptide (SpyTag, 13 amino acids) that directs binding and formation of a covalent bond with its binding partner, SpyCatcher (15 kDa). The new VoltageSpy dyes effectively label cells expressing cell-surface SpyCatcher, display good voltage sensitivity, and maintain fast-response kinetics. In cultured neurons, VoltageSpy dyes enable robust, single-trial optical detection of action potentials at neuronal soma with sensitivity exceeding genetically encoded voltage indicators. Importantly, genetic targeting of chemically synthesized dyes enables VoltageSpy to report on action potentials in axons and dendrites in single trials, tens to hundreds of micrometers away from the cell body. Genetic targeting of synthetic voltage indicators with VoltageSpy enables voltage imaging with low nanomolar dye concentration and offers a promising method for allying the speed and sensitivity of synthetic indicators with the enhanced cellular resolution of genetically encoded probes.
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48
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Abstract
Voltage sensitive dyes (VSDs) are used for in vitro drug screening and for imaging of patterns of electrical activity in tissue. Wide application of this technology depends on the availability of sensors with high sensitivity (percent change of fluorescence per 100 mV), high fluorescence quantum yield, and fast response kinetics. A promising approach uses a two-component system consisting of anionic membrane permeable quenchers with fluorophores labeling one side of the membrane; this produces voltage-dependent fluorescence quenching. However, the quencher must be kept at low concentrations to minimize pharmacological effects, thus limiting sensitivity. By developing tethered bichromophoric fluorophore quencher (TBFQ) dyes, where the fluorophore and quencher are covalently connected by a long hydrophobic chain, the sensitivity is maximized and is independent of VSD concentration. A series of 13 TBFQ dyes based on the aminonaphthylethenylpyridinium (ANEP) fluorophore and the dipicrylamine anion (DPA) quencher have been synthesized and tested in an artificial lipid bilayer apparatus. The best of these, TBFQ1, shows a 2.5-fold change in fluorescence per 100 mV change in membrane potential, and the response kinetics is in the 10-20 ms range. This sensitivity is an order of magnitude better than that of commonly used VSDs. However, the fluorescence quantum yield is only 1.6%, which may make this first generation of TBFQ VSDs impractical for in vivo electrical imaging. Nevertheless, the design principles established here can serve as foundation for improved TBFQ VSDs. We believe this approach promises to greatly enhance our ability to monitor electrical activity in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yan
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Corey D. Acker
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Leslie M. Loew
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
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49
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Bryant SM, Kong CHT, Watson JJ, Gadeberg HC, Roth DM, Patel HH, Cannell MB, James AF, Orchard CH. Caveolin-3 KO disrupts t-tubule structure and decreases t-tubular I Ca density in mouse ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1101-H1111. [PMID: 30028203 PMCID: PMC6415741 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00209.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) is a protein that has been implicated in t-tubule formation and function in cardiac ventricular myocytes. In cardiac hypertrophy and failure, Cav-3 expression decreases, t-tubule structure is disrupted, and excitation-contraction coupling is impaired. However, the extent to which the decrease in Cav-3 expression underlies these changes is unclear. We therefore investigated the structure and function of myocytes isolated from the hearts of Cav-3 knockout (KO) mice. These mice showed cardiac dilatation and decreased ejection fraction in vivo compared with wild-type control mice. Isolated KO myocytes showed cellular hypertrophy, altered t-tubule structure, and decreased L-type Ca2+ channel current ( ICa) density. This decrease in density occurred predominantly in the t-tubules, with no change in total ICa, and was therefore a consequence of the increase in membrane area. Cav-3 KO had no effect on L-type Ca2+ channel expression, and C3SD peptide, which mimics the scaffolding domain of Cav-3, had no effect on ICa in KO myocytes. However, inhibition of PKA using H-89 decreased ICa at the surface and t-tubule membranes in both KO and wild-type myocytes. Cav-3 KO had no significant effect on Na+/Ca2+ exchanger current or Ca2+ release. These data suggest that Cav-3 KO causes cellular hypertrophy, thereby decreasing t-tubular ICa density. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) is a protein that inhibits hypertrophic pathways, has been implicated in the formation and function of cardiac t-tubules, and shows decreased expression in heart failure. This study demonstrates that Cav-3 knockout mice show cardiac dysfunction in vivo, while isolated ventricular myocytes show cellular hypertrophy, changes in t-tubule structure, and decreased t-tubular L-type Ca2+ current density, suggesting that decreased Cav-3 expression contributes to these changes in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Caveolin 3/deficiency
- Caveolin 3/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Phenotype
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Bryant
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Cherrie H T Kong
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Judy J Watson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Hanne C Gadeberg
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - David M Roth
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Mark B Cannell
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew F James
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Clive H Orchard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
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50
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Scardigli M, Ferrantini C, Crocini C, Pavone FS, Sacconi L. Interplay Between Sub-Cellular Alterations of Calcium Release and T-Tubular Defects in Cardiac Diseases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1474. [PMID: 30410446 PMCID: PMC6209824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asynchronous Ca2+ release promotes non-homogeneous myofilament activation, leading to mechanical dysfunction, as well as initiation of propagated calcium waves and arrhythmias. Recent advances in microscopy techniques have allowed for optical recordings of local Ca2+ fluxes and action potentials from multiple sub-cellular domains within cardiac cells with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Since then, sub-cellular local information of the spatio-temporal relationship between Ca2+ release and action potential propagation have been unlocked, providing novel mechanistic insights in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Here, we review the promising perspectives arouse from repeatedly probing Ca2+ release at the same sub-cellular location while simultaneously probing multiple locations at the same time within a single cardiac cell. We also compare the results obtained in three different rodent models of cardiac diseases, highlighting disease-specific mechanisms. Slower local Ca2+ release has been observed in regions with defective action potential conduction in diseased cardiac cells. Moreover, significant increment of Ca2+ variability (both in time and in space) has been found in diseased cardiac cells but does not directly correlate with local electrical defects nor with the degree of structural aberrations of the cellular membrane system, suggesting a role for other players of the ECC machinery. We finally explore exciting opportunities provided by the technology for studying different cardiomyocyte populations, as well as for dissecting the mechanisms responsible for subcellular spatio-temporal variability of Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scardigli
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy.,Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Crocini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology & BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy
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