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Rai D, Song Y, Hua S, Stecker K, Monster JL, Yin V, Stucchi R, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Chen F, Katrukha EA, Altelaar M, Heck AJR, Wieczorek M, Jiang K, Akhmanova A. CAMSAPs and nucleation-promoting factors control microtubule release from γ-TuRC. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:404-420. [PMID: 38424271 PMCID: PMC10940162 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
γ-Tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) is the major microtubule-nucleating factor. After nucleation, microtubules can be released from γ-TuRC and stabilized by other proteins, such as CAMSAPs, but the biochemical cross-talk between minus-end regulation pathways is poorly understood. Here we reconstituted this process in vitro using purified components. We found that all CAMSAPs could bind to the minus ends of γ-TuRC-attached microtubules. CAMSAP2 and CAMSAP3, which decorate and stabilize growing minus ends but not the minus-end tracking protein CAMSAP1, induced microtubule release from γ-TuRC. CDK5RAP2, a γ-TuRC-interactor, and CLASP2, a regulator of microtubule growth, strongly stimulated γ-TuRC-dependent microtubule nucleation, but only CDK5RAP2 suppressed CAMSAP binding to γ-TuRC-anchored minus ends and their release. CDK5RAP2 also improved selectivity of γ-tubulin-containing complexes for 13- rather than 14-protofilament microtubules in microtubule-capping assays. Knockout and overexpression experiments in cells showed that CDK5RAP2 inhibits the formation of CAMSAP2-bound microtubules detached from the microtubule-organizing centre. We conclude that CAMSAPs can release newly nucleated microtubules from γ-TuRC, whereas nucleation-promoting factors can differentially regulate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yinlong Song
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shasha Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kelly Stecker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jooske L Monster
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Yin
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Stucchi
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangrui Chen
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Wieczorek
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Gao Z, Huang E, Wang W, Xu L, Xu W, Zheng T, Rui M. Patronin regulates presynaptic microtubule organization and neuromuscular junction development in Drosophila. iScience 2024; 27:108944. [PMID: 38318379 PMCID: PMC10839449 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses are fundamental components of the animal nervous system. Synaptic cytoskeleton is essential for maintaining proper neuronal development and wiring. Perturbations in neuronal microtubules (MTs) are correlated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite discovering multiple synaptic MT regulators, the importance of MT stability, and particularly the polarity of MT in synaptic function, is still under investigation. Here, we identify Patronin, an MT minus-end-binding protein, for its essential role in presynaptic regulation of MT organization and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) development. Analyses indicate that Patronin regulates synaptic development independent of Klp10A. Subsequent research elucidates that it is short stop (Shot), a member of the Spectraplakin family of large cytoskeletal linker molecules, works synergistically with Patronin to govern NMJ development. We further raise the possibility that normal synaptic MT polarity contributes to proper NMJ morphology. Overall, this study demonstrates an unprecedented role of Patronin, and a potential involvement of MT polarity in synaptic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Erqian Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lizhong Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wanyue Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Menglong Rui
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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3
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Anisimov MN, Korshunova AV, Popov VV, Gudimchuk NB. Microtubule rescue control by drugs and MAPs examined with in vitro pedestal assay. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151366. [PMID: 37871345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal polymers, which exhibit stochastic transitions between assembly and disassembly, known as catastrophes and rescues. Understanding of catastrophes, rescues, and their control by drugs and microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) has been informed by in vitro reconstitutions of microtubule dynamics. In such experiments microtubules are typically observed on a flat surface of the coverslip. In contrast, we have recently proposed a modified setup in which microtubules assemble from stabilized seeds, overhanging from microfabricated pedestals, so that their dynamic extensions are fully isolated from contact with the coverslip. This assay allows to eliminate potential artifacts, which may substantially affect the frequency of microtubule rescues in vitro. Here we use the pedestal assay to study the sensitivity of microtubules to paclitaxel, one of the best-known inhibitors of microtubule dynamics. By comparing observations in the conventional and the pedestal assays, we find that microtubule dynamics are substantially more sensitive to paclitaxel when the polymers can contact the coverslip. We interpret this as a consequence of the coverslip-induced microtubule assembly perturbation, leading to formation of lattice with defects, and thereby enhancing the efficiency of paclitaxel binding to microtubules in the conventional assay. To test this idea, we use vinblastine, another small-molecule inhibitor, which had been previously shown to cause microtubule growth perturbations. We find that in the pedestal assay vinblastine sensitizes microtubules to paclitaxel to the level, observed in the conventional assay. Interestingly, a minimal fragment of MAP called CLASP2, a previously characterized rescue factor, has a strong effect on microtubule rescues, regardless of the type of assay. Overall, our study underscores the role of microtubule damage in promoting rescues and highlights the utility of the in vitro pedestal assay to study microtubule dynamics modulation by tubulin inhibitors and MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail N Anisimov
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Center for theoretical problems of physicochemical pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena V Korshunova
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Center for theoretical problems of physicochemical pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Popov
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita B Gudimchuk
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Center for theoretical problems of physicochemical pharmacology, Moscow, Russia.
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4
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Miesch J, Wimbish RT, Velluz MC, Aumeier C. Phase separation of +TIP networks regulates microtubule dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301457120. [PMID: 37603768 PMCID: PMC10469336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301457120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microtubule dynamics is essential for diverse cellular functions, and proteins that bind to dynamic microtubule ends can regulate network dynamics. Here, we show that two conserved microtubule end-binding proteins, CLIP-170 and EB3, undergo phase separation and form dense liquid networks. When CLIP-170 and EB3 act together, the multivalency of the network increases, which synergistically increases the amount of protein in the dense phase. In vitro and in cells, these liquid networks can concentrate tubulin. In vitro, in the presence of microtubules, phase separation of EB3/CLIP-170 can enrich tubulin all along the microtubule. In this condition, microtubule growth speed increases up to twofold and the frequency of depolymerization events are strongly reduced compared to conditions in which there is no phase separation. Our data show that phase separation of EB3/CLIP-170 adds an additional layer of regulation to the control of microtubule growth dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Miesch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva1211, Switzerland
| | - Robert T. Wimbish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Charlotte Aumeier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva1211, Switzerland
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5
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Jiang N, Xu L, Han Y, Wang S, Duan X, Dai J, Hu Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Huang J. High-Throughput Electromechanical Coupling Chip Systems for Real-Time 3D Invasion/Migration Assay of Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300882. [PMID: 37088781 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell invasion/migration through three-dimensional (3D) tissues is not only essential for physiological/pathological processes, but a hallmark of cancer malignancy. However, how to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics of 3D cell migration/invasion is challenging. Here, this work reports a 3D cell invasion/migration assay (3D-CIMA) based on electromechanical coupling chip systems, which can monitor spatiotemporal dynamics of 3D cell invasion/migration in a real-time, label-free, nondestructive, and high-throughput way. In combination with 3D topological networks and complex impedance detection technology, this work shows that 3D-CIMA can quantitively characterize collective invasion/migration dynamics of cancer cells in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) with controllable biophysical/biomechanical properties. More importantly, this work further reveals that it has the capability to not only carry out quantitative evaluation of anti-tumor drugs in 3D microenvironments that minimize the impact of cell culture dimensions, but also grade clinical cancer specimens. The proposed 3D-CIMA offers a new quantitative methodology for investigating cell interactions with 3D extracellular microenvironments, which has potential applications in various fields like mechanobiology, drug screening, and even precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Han
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaocen Duan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingyao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, P. R. China, 100142
| | - Yunxing Hu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Premature Infants, Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300450, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathopgysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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6
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van den Berg CM, Volkov VA, Schnorrenberg S, Huang Z, Stecker KE, Grigoriev I, Gilani S, Frikstad KAM, Patzke S, Zimmermann T, Dogterom M, Akhmanova A. CSPP1 stabilizes growing microtubule ends and damaged lattices from the luminal side. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213861. [PMID: 36752787 PMCID: PMC9948759 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal polymers, and their organization and stability are tightly regulated by numerous cellular factors. While regulatory proteins controlling the formation of interphase microtubule arrays and mitotic spindles have been extensively studied, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for generating stable microtubule cores of centrioles and cilia are poorly understood. Here, we used in vitro reconstitution assays to investigate microtubule-stabilizing properties of CSPP1, a centrosome and cilia-associated protein mutated in the neurodevelopmental ciliopathy Joubert syndrome. We found that CSPP1 preferentially binds to polymerizing microtubule ends that grow slowly or undergo growth perturbations and, in this way, resembles microtubule-stabilizing compounds such as taxanes. Fluorescence microscopy and cryo-electron tomography showed that CSPP1 is deposited in the microtubule lumen and inhibits microtubule growth and shortening through two separate domains. CSPP1 also specifically recognizes and stabilizes damaged microtubule lattices. These data help to explain how CSPP1 regulates the elongation and stability of ciliary axonemes and other microtubule-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntha M. van den Berg
- https://ror.org/04pp8hn57Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir A. Volkov
- https://ror.org/04pp8hn57Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,https://ror.org/02e2c7k09Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ziqiang Huang
- EMBL Imaging Centre, EMBL-Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kelly E. Stecker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilya Grigoriev
- https://ror.org/04pp8hn57Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sania Gilani
- https://ror.org/00j9c2840Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari-Anne M. Frikstad
- https://ror.org/00j9c2840Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- https://ror.org/00j9c2840Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marileen Dogterom
- https://ror.org/02e2c7k09Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- https://ror.org/04pp8hn57Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Correspondence to Anna Akhmanova:
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7
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Qian P, Wang X, Guan C, Fang X, Cai M, Zhong CQ, Cui Y, Li Y, Yao L, Cui H, Jiang K, Yuan J. Apical anchorage and stabilization of subpellicular microtubules by apical polar ring ensures Plasmodium ookinete infection in mosquito. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7465. [PMID: 36463257 PMCID: PMC9719560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis of many protozoans depends on a polarized establishment of cortical cytoskeleton containing the subpellicular microtubules (SPMTs), which are apically nucleated and anchored by the apical polar ring (APR). In malaria parasite Plasmodium, APR emerges in the host-invading stages, including the ookinete for mosquito infection. So far, the fine structure and molecular components of APR as well as the underlying mechanism of APR-mediated apical positioning of SPMTs are largely unknown. Here, we resolve an unprecedented APR structure composed of a top ring plus approximate 60 radiating spines. We report an APR-localizing and SPMT-binding protein APR2. APR2 disruption impairs ookinete morphogenesis and gliding motility, leading to Plasmodium transmission failure in mosquitoes. The APR2-deficient ookinetes display defective apical anchorage of APR and SPMT due to the impaired integrity of APR. Using protein proximity labeling, we obtain a Plasmodium ookinete APR proteome and validate ten undescribed APR proteins. Among them, APRp2 and APRp4 directly interact with APR2 and also mediate the apical anchorage of SPMTs. This study sheds light on the molecular basis of APR in the organization of Plasmodium ookinete SPMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengge Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Cuirong Guan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mengya Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Luming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Huiting Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Kai Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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8
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Schelski M, Bradke F. Microtubule retrograde flow retains neuronal polarization in a fluctuating state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2336. [PMID: 36332023 PMCID: PMC9635824 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In developing vertebrate neurons, a neurite is formed by more than a hundred microtubules. While individual microtubules are dynamic, the microtubule array has been regarded as stationary. Using live-cell imaging of neurons in culture or in brain slices, combined with photoconversion techniques and pharmacological manipulations, we uncovered that the microtubule array flows retrogradely within neurites to the soma. This flow drives cycles of microtubule density, a hallmark of the fluctuating state before axon formation, thereby inhibiting neurite growth. The motor protein dynein fuels this process. Shortly after axon formation, microtubule retrograde flow slows down in the axon, reducing microtubule density cycles and enabling axon extension. Thus, keeping neurites short is an active process. Microtubule retrograde flow is a previously unknown type of cytoskeletal dynamics, which changes the hitherto axon-centric view of neuronal polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schelski
- Axon Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axon Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Lattice defects induced by microtubule-stabilizing agents exert a long-range effect on microtubule growth by promoting catastrophes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112261118. [PMID: 34916292 PMCID: PMC8713758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112261118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are major cytoskeletal filaments important for cell division, growth, and differentiation. Microtubules can rapidly switch between phases of growth and shortening, and this dynamic behavior is essential for shaping microtubule arrays. To obtain insights into mechanisms controlling microtubule dynamics, here we used microtubule-stabilizing agents such as Taxol and their fluorescent analogs to manipulate microtubule protofilament number and generate stable defects in microtubule lattices that can be visualized using fluorescence microscopy. We show that microtubule polymerization rate increases with protofilament number and that drug-induced microtubule lattice discontinuities can promote plus-end catastrophes at a distance of several micrometers. Our data indicate that structural defects in the microtubule wall can have long-range propagating effects on microtubule tip dynamics. Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that spontaneously switch between phases of growth and shrinkage. The probability of transitioning from growth to shrinkage, termed catastrophe, increases with microtubule age, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we set out to test whether microtubule lattice defects formed during polymerization can affect growth at the plus end. To generate microtubules with lattice defects, we used microtubule-stabilizing agents that promote formation of polymers with different protofilament numbers. By employing different agents during nucleation of stable microtubule seeds and the subsequent polymerization phase, we could reproducibly induce switches in protofilament number and induce stable lattice defects. Such drug-induced defects led to frequent catastrophes, which were not observed when microtubules were grown in the same conditions but without a protofilament number mismatch. Microtubule severing at the site of the defect was sufficient to suppress catastrophes. We conclude that structural defects within the microtubule lattice can exert effects that can propagate over long distances and affect the dynamic state of the microtubule end.
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10
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Saraon P, Snider J, Schormann W, Rai A, Radulovich N, Sánchez-Osuna M, Coulombe-Huntington J, Huard C, Mohammed M, Lima-Fernandes E, Thériault B, Halabelian L, Chan M, Joshi D, Drecun L, Yao Z, Pathmanathan S, Wong V, Lyakisheva A, Aboualizadeh F, Niu L, Li F, Kiyota T, Subramanian R, Joseph B, Aman A, Prakesch M, Isaac M, Mamai A, Poda G, Vedadi M, Marcellus R, Uehling D, Leighl N, Sacher A, Samaržija M, Jakopović M, Arrowsmith C, Tyers M, Tsao MS, Andrews D, Al-Awar R, Stagljar I. Chemical Genetics Screen Identifies COPB2 Tool Compounds That Alters ER Stress Response and Induces RTK Dysregulation in Lung Cancer Cells. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167294. [PMID: 34662547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are common driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, second and third generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective at inhibiting mutant EGFR NSCLC, however, acquired resistance is a major issue, leading to disease relapse. Here, we characterize a small molecule, EMI66, an analog of a small molecule which we previously identified to inhibit mutant EGFR signalling via a novel mechanism of action. We show that EMI66 attenuates receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression and signalling and alters the electrophoretic mobility of Coatomer Protein Complex Beta 2 (COPB2) protein in mutant EGFR NSCLC cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that EMI66 can alter the subcellular localization of EGFR and COPB2 within the early secretory pathway. Furthermore, we find that COPB2 knockdown reduces the growth of mutant EGFR lung cancer cells, alters the post-translational processing of RTKs, and alters the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway. Lastly, we show that EMI66 treatment also alters the ER stress response pathway and inhibits the growth of mutant EGFR lung cancer cells and organoids. Our results demonstrate that targeting of COPB2 with EMI66 presents a viable approach to attenuate mutant EGFR signalling and growth in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Saraon
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wiebke Schormann
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3548CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolina Radulovich
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Sánchez-Osuna
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jasmin Coulombe-Huntington
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Caroline Huard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mohammed Mohammed
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte Thériault
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Chan
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dhananjay Joshi
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luka Drecun
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shivanthy Pathmanathan
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Li Niu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taira Kiyota
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Babu Joseph
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Prakesch
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Methvin Isaac
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mamai
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gennady Poda
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Marcellus
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miroslav Samaržija
- Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Jakopović
- Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cheryl Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
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11
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Laisne MC, Michallet S, Lafanechère L. Characterization of Microtubule Destabilizing Drugs: A Quantitative Cell-Based Assay That Bridges the Gap between Tubulin Based- and Cytotoxicity Assays. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205226. [PMID: 34680374 PMCID: PMC8533752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The characterization of new microtubule depolymerizing agents relies mainly on purified tubulin assays in vitro and on cytotoxicity tests. However, the relationship between the in vitro effects of drugs and their effect on cell viability may not be direct. Here, we have systematically compared the effect of four reference drugs on tubulin polymerization in vitro and in cells, using a recently-developed quantitative assay of the cellular microtubule content. By comparing these results with cell viability assays, we found that this new cellular microtubule content test better predicts cellular drug toxicity than the in vitro tubulin polymerization assay. This test can thus be easily implemented in the process of discovery and characterization of novel microtubule poisons. Abstract (1) Background: Microtubule depolymerizing agents (MDAs) are commonly used for cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic use of such microtubule inhibitors is limited by their toxicity and the emergence of resistance. Thus, there is still a sustained effort to develop new MDAs. During the characterization of such agents, mainly through in vitro analyses using purified tubulin and cytotoxicity assays, quantitative comparisons are mandatory. The relationship between the effect of the drugs on purified tubulin and on cell viability are not always direct. (2) Methods: We have recently developed a cell-based assay that quantifies the cellular microtubule content. In this study, we have conducted a systematic comparative analysis of the effect of four well-characterized MDAs on the kinetics of in vitro tubulin assembly, on the cellular microtubule content (using our recently developed assay) and on cell viability. (3) Conclusions: These assays gave complementary results. Additionally, we found that the drugs’ effect on in vitro tubulin polymerization is not completely predictive of their relative cytotoxicity. Their effect on the cellular microtubule content, however, is closely related to their effect on cell viability. In conclusion, the assay we have recently developed can bridge the gap between in vitro tubulin assays and cell viability assays.
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12
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Intracellular Signaling Responses Induced by Radiation within an In Vitro Bone Metastasis Model after Pre-Treatment with an Estrone Analogue. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082105. [PMID: 34440874 PMCID: PMC8394480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Ethyl-3-O-sulfamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) is an in silico-designed estradiol analogue which has improved the parent compound’s efficacy in anti-cancer studies. In this proof-of-concept study, the potential radiosensitizing effects of ESE-16 were investigated in an in vitro deconstructed bone metastasis model. Prostate (DU 145) and breast (MDA-MB-231) tumor cells, osteoblastic (MC3T3-E1) and osteoclastic (RAW 264.7) bone cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were representative components of such a lesion. Cells were exposed to a low-dose ESE-16 for 24 hours prior to radiation at non-lethal doses to determine early signaling and molecular responses of this combination treatment. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and actin ring formation were investigated in osteoclasts, while cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species generation and angiogenic protein expression were investigated in HUVECs. Increased cytotoxicity was evident in tumor and endothelial cells while bone cells appeared to be spared. Increased mitotic indices were calculated, and evidence of increased deoxyribonucleic acid damage with retarded repair, together with reduced metastatic signaling was observed in tumor cells. RAW 264.7 macrophages retained their ability to differentiate into osteoclasts. Anti-angiogenic effects were observed in HUVECs, and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α was decreased. Through preferentially inducing tumor cell death and potentially inhibiting neovascularization whilst preserving bone physiology, this low-dose combination regimen warrants further investigation for its promising therapeutic application in bone metastases management, with the additional potential of limited treatment side effects.
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13
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Bu S, Yong WL, Lim BJW, Kondo S, Yu F. A systematic analysis of microtubule-destabilizing factors during dendrite pruning in Drosophila. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52679. [PMID: 34338441 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that microtubule disassembly, one of the earliest cellular events, contributes to neuronal pruning and neurodegeneration in development and disease. However, how microtubule disassembly drives neuronal pruning remains poorly understood. Here, we conduct a systematic investigation of various microtubule-destabilizing factors and identify exchange factor for Arf6 (Efa6) and Stathmin (Stai) as new regulators of dendrite pruning in ddaC sensory neurons during Drosophila metamorphosis. We show that Efa6 is both necessary and sufficient to regulate dendrite pruning. Interestingly, Efa6 and Stai facilitate microtubule turnover and disassembly prior to dendrite pruning without compromising the minus-end-out microtubule orientation in dendrites. Moreover, our pharmacological and genetic manipulations strongly support a key role of microtubule disassembly in promoting dendrite pruning. Thus, this systematic study highlights the importance of two selective microtubule destabilizers in dendrite pruning and substantiates a causal link between microtubule disassembly and neuronal pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Bu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Lin Yong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryan Jian Wei Lim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Huang J, Liang Z, Guan C, Hua S, Jiang K. WDR62 regulates spindle dynamics as an adaptor protein between TPX2/Aurora A and katanin. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212395. [PMID: 34137789 PMCID: PMC8240853 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
WDR62 is a microcephaly-related, microtubule (MT)-associated protein (MAP) that localizes to the spindle pole and regulates spindle organization, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that WDR62 regulates spindle dynamics by recruiting katanin to the spindle pole and further reveal a TPX2–Aurora A–WDR62–katanin axis in cells. By combining cellular and in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that WDR62 shows preference for curved segments of dynamic GDP-MTs, as well as GMPCPP- and paclitaxel-stabilized MTs, suggesting that it recognizes extended MT lattice. Consistent with this property, WDR62 alone is inefficient in recruiting katanin to GDP-MTs, while WDR62 complexed with TPX2/Aurora A can potently promote katanin-mediated severing of GDP-MTs in vitro. In addition, the MT-binding affinity of WDR62 is autoinhibited through JNK phosphorylation-induced intramolecular interaction. We propose that WDR62 is an atypical MAP and functions as an adaptor protein between its recruiting factor TPX2/Aurora A and the effector katanin to orchestrate the regulation of spindle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuobi Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuirong Guan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Hua
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Henrie H, Bakhos-Douaihy D, Cantaloube I, Pilon A, Talantikite M, Stoppin-Mellet V, Baillet A, Poüs C, Benoit B. Stress-induced phosphorylation of CLIP-170 by JNK promotes microtubule rescue. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151834. [PMID: 32491151 PMCID: PMC7337496 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) controls microtubule dynamics by enhancing both microtubule growth and rescues. Here, we show that upon cell stress, JNK directly phosphorylates the microtubule rescue factor CLIP-170 in its microtubule-binding domain to increase its rescue-promoting activity. Phosphomimetic versions of CLIP-170 enhance its ability to promote rescue events in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, while phosphomimetic mutations do not alter CLIP-170’s capability to form comets at growing microtubule ends, both phosphomimetic mutations and JNK activation increase the occurrence of CLIP-170 remnants on the microtubule lattice at the rear of comets. As the CLIP-170 remnants, which are potential sites of microtubule rescue, display a shorter lifetime when CLIP-170 is phosphorylated, we propose that instead of acting at the time of rescue occurrence, CLIP-170 would rather contribute in preparing the microtubule lattice for future rescues at these predetermined sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Henrie
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Dalal Bakhos-Douaihy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Cantaloube
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Antoine Pilon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Département de Biochimie, Hormonologie et Suivi Thérapeutique, Département Médico-Universitaire BioGeM, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maya Talantikite
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Virginie Stoppin-Mellet
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anita Baillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Biochimie-Hormonologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Béatrice Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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16
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Hooikaas PJ, Damstra HG, Gros OJ, van Riel WE, Martin M, Smits YT, van Loosdregt J, Kapitein LC, Berger F, Akhmanova A. Kinesin-4 KIF21B limits microtubule growth to allow rapid centrosome polarization in T cells. eLife 2020; 9:62876. [PMID: 33346730 PMCID: PMC7817182 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell form an immunological synapse, rapid dynein-driven translocation of the centrosome toward the contact site leads to reorganization of microtubules and associated organelles. Currently, little is known about how the regulation of microtubule dynamics contributes to this process. Here, we show that the knockout of KIF21B, a kinesin-4 linked to autoimmune disorders, causes microtubule overgrowth and perturbs centrosome translocation. KIF21B restricts microtubule length by inducing microtubule pausing typically followed by catastrophe. Catastrophe induction with vinblastine prevented microtubule overgrowth and was sufficient to rescue centrosome polarization in KIF21B-knockout cells. Biophysical simulations showed that a relatively small number of KIF21B molecules can restrict mirotubule length and promote an imbalance of dynein-mediated pulling forces that allows the centrosome to translocate past the nucleus. We conclude that proper control of microtubule length is important for allowing rapid remodeling of the cytoskeleton and efficient T cell polarization. The immune system is composed of many types of cells that can recognize foreign molecules and pathogens so they can eliminate them. When cells in the body become infected with a pathogen, they can process the pathogen’s proteins and present them on their own surface. Specialized immune cells can then recognize infected cells and interact with them, forming an ‘immunological synapse’. These synapses play an important role in immune response: they activate the immune system and allow it to kill harmful cells. To form an immunological synapse, an immune cell must reorganize its internal contents, including an aster-shaped scaffold made of tiny protein tubes called microtubules. The center of this scaffold moves towards the immunological synapse as it forms. This re-orientation of the microtubules towards the immunological synapse is known as 'polarization' and it happens very rapidly, but it is not yet clear how it works. One molecule involved in the polarization process is called KIF21B, a protein that can walk along microtubules, building up at the ends and affecting their growth. Whether KIF21B makes microtubules grow more quickly, or more slowly, is a matter of debate, and the impact microtubule length has on immunological synapse formation is unknown. Here, Hooikaas, Damstra et al. deleted the gene for KIF21B from human immune cells called T cells to find out how it affected their ability to form an immunological synapse. Without KIF21B, the T cells grew microtubules that were longer than normal, and had trouble forming immunological synapses. When the T cells were treated with a drug that stops microtubule growth, their ability to form immunological synapses was restored, suggesting a role for KIF21B. To explore this further, Hooikaas, Damstra et al. replaced the missing KIF21B gene with a gene that coded for a version of the protein that could be seen using microscopy. This revealed that, when KIF21B reaches the ends of microtubules, it stops their growth and triggers their disassembly. Computational modelling showed that cells find it hard to reorient their microtubule scaffolding when the individual tubes are too long. It only takes a small number of KIF21B molecules to shorten the microtubules enough to allow the center of the scaffold to move. Research has linked the KIF21B gene to autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis. Microtubules also play an important role in cell division, a critical process driving all types of cancer. Drugs that affect microtubule growth are already available, and a deeper understanding of KIF21B and microtubule regulation in immune cells could help to improve treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jan Hooikaas
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Gj Damstra
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oane J Gros
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmina E van Riel
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maud Martin
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yesper Th Smits
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Florian Berger
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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17
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Zarneshan SN, Fakhri S, Farzaei MH, Khan H, Saso L. Astaxanthin targets PI3K/Akt signaling pathway toward potential therapeutic applications. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Rodrigues-Ferreira S, Moindjie H, Haykal MM, Nahmias C. Predicting and Overcoming Taxane Chemoresistance. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:138-151. [PMID: 33046406 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Taxanes are microtubule-targeting drugs used as cytotoxic chemotherapy to treat most solid tumors. The development of resistance to taxanes is a major cause of therapeutic failure and overcoming chemoresistance remains an important challenge to improve patient's outcome. Extensive efforts have been made recently to identify predictive biomarkers to select populations of patients who will benefit from taxane-based chemotherapy and avoid inefficient treatment of patients with innate resistance. This, together with the discovery of new mechanisms of resistance that include metabolic reprogramming and dialogue between tumor and its microenvironment, pave the way to a new era of personalized medicine. In this review, we recapitulate recent insights into taxane resistance and present promising emerging strategies to overcome chemoresistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800, Villejuif, France; LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Hadia Moindjie
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800, Villejuif, France; LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maria M Haykal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800, Villejuif, France; LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Clara Nahmias
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800, Villejuif, France; LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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19
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Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP)-end-binding protein (EB) interactions regulate microtubule dynamics toward protection against tauopathy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 177:65-90. [PMID: 33453943 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 1102-amino-acid activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) was originally discovered by expression cloning through the immunological identification of its 8-amino-acid sequence NAPVSIPQ (NAP), constituting the smallest active neuroprotective fragment of the protein. ADNP expression is essential for brain formation and cognitive function and is dysregulated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia). ADNP has been found to be mutated in autism, with an estimated prevalence of 0.17% (together, these autism cases now constitute ADNP syndrome cases) and our recent results showed somatic mutations in ADNP in Alzheimer's disease brains correlating with tauopathy. Furthermore, Adnp haploinsufficiency in mice causes an age-dependent reduction in cognitive functions coupled with tauopathy-like features such as an increased formation of tangle-like structures, defective axonal transport, and Tau hyperphosphorylation. ADNP and its derived peptides, NAP and SKIP, directly interact with end-binding proteins (EBs), which decorate plus-tips of the growing axonal cytoskeleton-microtubules (MTs). Functionally, NAP and SKIP are neuroprotective and stimulate axonal transport. Clinical trials have suggested the potential efficacy of NAP (davunetide, CP201) for improving cognitive performance/functional activities of daily living in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and schizophrenia patients, respectively. However, NAP was not found to be an effective treatment (though well-tolerated) for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients. Here we review the molecular mechanism of NAP activity on MTs and how NAP modulates the MT-Tau-EBs crosstalk. We offer a molecular explanation for the different protective potency of NAP in selected tauopathies (aMCI vs. PSP) expressing different ratios/pathologies of the alternatively spliced Tau mRNA and its resulting protein (aMCI expressing similar quantities of the dynamic Tau 3-MT binding isoform (Tau3R) and the Tau 4-MT binding isoform (Tau4R) and PSP enriched in Tau4R pathology). We reveal the direct effect of truncated ADNPs (resulting from de novo autism and newly discovered Alzheimer's disease-related somatic mutations) on MT dynamics. We show that the peptide SKIP affects MT dynamics and MT-Tau association. Since MT impairment is linked with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions, the current study implicates a paucity/dysregulation of MT-interacting endogenous proteins, like ADNP, as a contributing mechanism and provides hope for NAP and SKIP as MT-modulating drug candidates.
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Two Antagonistic Microtubule Targeting Drugs Act Synergistically to Kill Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082196. [PMID: 32781579 PMCID: PMC7463452 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a microtubule stabilizing agent and a successful drug for cancer chemotherapy inducing, however, adverse effects. To reduce the effective dose of paclitaxel, we searched for pharmaceutics which could potentiate its therapeutic effect. We screened a chemical library and selected Carba1, a carbazole, which exerts synergistic cytotoxic effects on tumor cells grown in vitro, when co-administrated with a low dose of paclitaxel. Carba1 targets the colchicine binding-site of tubulin and is a microtubule-destabilizing agent. Catastrophe induction by Carba1 promotes paclitaxel binding to microtubule ends, providing a mechanistic explanation of the observed synergy. The synergistic effect of Carba1 with paclitaxel on tumor cell viability was also observed in vivo in xenografted mice. Thus, a new mechanism favoring paclitaxel binding to dynamic microtubules can be transposed to in vivo mouse cancer treatments, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies combining low doses of microtubule targeting agents with opposite mechanisms of action.
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21
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Rodrigues-Ferreira S, Nehlig A, Kacem M, Nahmias C. ATIP3 deficiency facilitates intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel to reduce cancer cell migration and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13217. [PMID: 32764625 PMCID: PMC7411068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxane-based chemotherapy is frequently used in neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients to reduce tumor growth and lymph node metastasis. However, few patients benefit from chemotherapy and predictive biomarkers of chemoresistance are needed. The microtubule-associated protein ATIP3 has recently been identified as a predictive biomarker whose low levels in breast tumors are associated with increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether ATIP3 deficiency may impact the effects of paclitaxel on cancer cell migration and lymph node metastasis. Expression levels of ATIP3 were analyzed in a cohort of 133 breast cancer patients and classified according to lymph node positivity following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results showed that low ATIP3 levels are associated with reduced axillary lymph node metastasis. At the functional level, ATIP3 depletion increases cell migration, front-rear polarity and microtubule dynamics at the plus ends, but paradoxically sensitizes cancer cells to the inhibitory effects of paclitaxel on these processes. ATIP3 silencing concomitantly increases the incorporation of fluorescent derivative of Taxol along the microtubule lattice. Together our results support a model in which alterations of microtubule plus ends dynamics in ATIP3-deficient cells may favor intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel, thereby accounting for increased breast tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France
- LabEx LERMIT, University Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Inovarion SAS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Nehlig
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France
- LabEx LERMIT, University Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mariem Kacem
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France
- LabEx LERMIT, University Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Clara Nahmias
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- LabEx LERMIT, University Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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22
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Jost M, Chen Y, Gilbert LA, Horlbeck MA, Krenning L, Menchon G, Rai A, Cho MY, Stern JJ, Prota AE, Kampmann M, Akhmanova A, Steinmetz MO, Tanenbaum ME, Weissman JS. Pharmaceutical-Grade Rigosertib Is a Microtubule-Destabilizing Agent. Mol Cell 2020; 79:191-198.e3. [PMID: 32619469 PMCID: PMC7332992 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently used CRISPRi/a-based chemical-genetic screens and cell biological, biochemical, and structural assays to determine that rigosertib, an anti-cancer agent in phase III clinical trials, kills cancer cells by destabilizing microtubules. Reddy and co-workers (Baker et al., 2020, this issue of Molecular Cell) suggest that a contaminating degradation product in commercial formulations of rigosertib is responsible for the microtubule-destabilizing activity. Here, we demonstrate that cells treated with pharmaceutical-grade rigosertib (>99.9% purity) or commercially obtained rigosertib have qualitatively indistinguishable phenotypes across multiple assays. The two formulations have indistinguishable chemical-genetic interactions with genes that modulate microtubule stability, both destabilize microtubules in cells and in vitro, and expression of a rationally designed tubulin mutant with a mutation in the rigosertib binding site (L240F TUBB) allows cells to proliferate in the presence of either formulation. Importantly, the specificity of the L240F TUBB mutant for microtubule-destabilizing agents has been confirmed independently. Thus, rigosertib kills cancer cells by destabilizing microtubules, in agreement with our original findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Jost
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Luke A Gilbert
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Max A Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lenno Krenning
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3548CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Min Y Cho
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jacob J Stern
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3548CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marvin E Tanenbaum
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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23
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Adriaans IE, Hooikaas PJ, Aher A, Vromans MJ, van Es RM, Grigoriev I, Akhmanova A, Lens SM. MKLP2 Is a Motile Kinesin that Transports the Chromosomal Passenger Complex during Anaphase. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2628-2637.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Deciphering the Enigma: NAP (CP201) the Active ADNP Drug Candidate Enters Cells by Dynamin-Associated Endocytosis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:993-998. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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25
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Aher A, Rai D, Schaedel L, Gaillard J, John K, Liu Q, Altelaar M, Blanchoin L, Thery M, Akhmanova A. CLASP Mediates Microtubule Repair by Restricting Lattice Damage and Regulating Tubulin Incorporation. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2175-2183.e6. [PMID: 32359430 PMCID: PMC7280784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules play a key role in cell division, motility, and intracellular trafficking. Microtubule lattices are generally regarded as stable structures that undergo turnover through dynamic instability of their ends [1]. However, recent evidence suggests that microtubules also exchange tubulin dimers at the sites of lattice defects, which can be induced by mechanical stress, severing enzymes, or occur spontaneously during polymerization [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Tubulin incorporation can restore microtubule integrity; moreover, “islands” of freshly incorporated GTP-tubulin can inhibit microtubule disassembly and promote rescues [3, 4, 6, 7, 8]. Microtubule repair occurs in vitro in the presence of tubulin alone [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9]. However, in cells, it is likely to be regulated by specific factors, the nature of which is currently unknown. CLASPs are interesting candidates for microtubule repair because they induce microtubule nucleation, stimulate rescue, and suppress catastrophes by stabilizing incomplete growing plus ends with lagging protofilaments and promoting their conversion into complete ones [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. Here, we used in vitro reconstitution assays combined with laser microsurgery and microfluidics to show that CLASP2α indeed stimulates microtubule lattice repair. CLASP2α promoted tubulin incorporation into damaged lattice sites, thereby restoring microtubule integrity. Furthermore, it induced the formation of complete tubes from partial protofilament assemblies and inhibited microtubule softening caused by hydrodynamic-flow-induced bending. The catastrophe-suppressing domain of CLASP2α, TOG2, combined with a microtubule-tethering region, was sufficient to stimulate microtubule repair, suggesting that catastrophe suppression and lattice repair are mechanistically similar. Our results suggest that the cellular machinery controlling microtubule nucleation and growth can also help to maintain microtubule integrity. CLASP stabilizes damaged microtubule lattices CLASP converts partial protofilament assemblies into complete tubes CLASP promotes complete repair of microtubule lattice defects CLASP inhibits softening of microtubules bent by hydrodynamic flow
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Aher
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dipti Rai
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Schaedel
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Jeremie Gaillard
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Karin John
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 38054 Grenoble, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, CEA, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, U 976, CytoMorpho Lab, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Manuel Thery
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 38054 Grenoble, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, CEA, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, U 976, CytoMorpho Lab, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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26
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Tang Q, Rui M, Bu S, Wang Y, Chew LY, Yu F. A microtubule polymerase is required for microtubule orientation and dendrite pruning in Drosophila. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103549. [PMID: 32267553 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila class IV ddaC neurons selectively prune all larval dendrites to refine the nervous system during metamorphosis. During dendrite pruning, severing of proximal dendrites is preceded by local microtubule (MT) disassembly. Here, we identify an unexpected role of Mini spindles (Msps), a conserved MT polymerase, in governing dendrite pruning. Msps associates with another MT-associated protein TACC, and both stabilize each other in ddaC neurons. Moreover, Msps and TACC are required to orient minus-end-out MTs in dendrites. We further show that the functions of msps in dendritic MT orientation and dendrite pruning are antagonized by the kinesin-13 MT depolymerase Klp10A. Excessive MT depolymerization, which is induced by pharmacological treatment and katanin overexpression, also perturbs dendritic MT orientation and dendrite pruning, phenocopying msps mutants. Thus, we demonstrate that the MT polymerase Msps is required to form dendritic minus-end-out MTs and thereby promotes dendrite pruning in Drosophila sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Tang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Menglong Rui
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Shufeng Bu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Liang Yuh Chew
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore City, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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27
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Cuveillier C, Delaroche J, Seggio M, Gory-Fauré S, Bosc C, Denarier E, Bacia M, Schoehn G, Mohrbach H, Kulić I, Andrieux A, Arnal I, Delphin C. MAP6 is an intraluminal protein that induces neuronal microtubules to coil. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4344. [PMID: 32270043 PMCID: PMC7112752 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activities depend heavily on microtubules, which shape neuronal processes and transport myriad molecules within them. Although constantly remodeled through growth and shrinkage events, neuronal microtubules must be sufficiently stable to maintain nervous system wiring. This stability is somehow maintained by various microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), but little is known about how these proteins work. Here, we show that MAP6, previously known to confer cold stability to microtubules, promotes growth. More unexpectedly, MAP6 localizes in the lumen of microtubules, induces the microtubules to coil into a left-handed helix, and forms apertures in the lattice, likely to relieve mechanical stress. These features have not been seen in microtubules before and could play roles in maintaining axonal width or providing flexibility in the face of compressive forces during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Cuveillier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Delaroche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Seggio
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maria Bacia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut for Structural Biology (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Mohrbach
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Théorique, UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine
| | - Igor Kulić
- Institut Charles Sandron, CNRS-UdS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Arnal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Delphin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France
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28
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Rodríguez-García R, Volkov VA, Chen CY, Katrukha EA, Olieric N, Aher A, Grigoriev I, López MP, Steinmetz MO, Kapitein LC, Koenderink G, Dogterom M, Akhmanova A. Mechanisms of Motor-Independent Membrane Remodeling Driven by Dynamic Microtubules. Curr Biol 2020; 30:972-987.e12. [PMID: 32032506 PMCID: PMC7090928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-dependent organization of membranous organelles occurs through motor-based pulling and by coupling microtubule dynamics to membrane remodeling. For example, tubules of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be extended by kinesin- and dynein-mediated transport and through the association with the tips of dynamic microtubules. The binding between ER and growing microtubule plus ends requires End Binding (EB) proteins and the transmembrane protein STIM1, which form a tip-attachment complex (TAC), but it is unknown whether these proteins are sufficient for membrane remodeling. Furthermore, EBs and their partners undergo rapid turnover at microtubule ends, and it is unclear how highly transient protein-protein interactions can induce load-bearing processive motion. Here, we reconstituted membrane tubulation in a minimal system with giant unilamellar vesicles, dynamic microtubules, an EB protein, and a membrane-bound protein that can interact with EBs and microtubules. We showed that these components are sufficient to drive membrane remodeling by three mechanisms: membrane tubulation induced by growing microtubule ends, motor-independent membrane sliding along microtubule shafts, and membrane pulling by shrinking microtubules. Experiments and modeling demonstrated that the first two mechanisms can be explained by adhesion-driven biased membrane spreading on microtubules. Optical trapping revealed that growing and shrinking microtubule ends can exert forces of ∼0.5 and ∼5 pN, respectively, through attached proteins. Rapidly exchanging molecules that connect membranes to dynamic microtubules can thus bear a sufficient load to induce membrane deformation and motility. Furthermore, combining TAC components and a membrane-attached kinesin in the same in vitro assays demonstrated that they can cooperate in promoting membrane tubule extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruddi Rodríguez-García
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Vladimir A Volkov
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629, the Netherlands
| | - Chiung-Yi Chen
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Amol Aher
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Ilya Grigoriev
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland; University of Basel, Biozentrum, Klingelbergstrasse, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Gijsje Koenderink
- Department of Living Matter, AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098, the Netherlands
| | - Marileen Dogterom
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands.
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29
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Rai A, Liu T, Glauser S, Katrukha EA, Estévez-Gallego J, Rodríguez-García R, Fang WS, Díaz JF, Steinmetz MO, Altmann KH, Kapitein LC, Moores CA, Akhmanova A. Taxanes convert regions of perturbed microtubule growth into rescue sites. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:355-365. [PMID: 31819210 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polymers of tubulin dimers, and conformational transitions in the microtubule lattice drive microtubule dynamic instability and affect various aspects of microtubule function. The exact nature of these transitions and their modulation by anticancer drugs such as Taxol and epothilone, which can stabilize microtubules but also perturb their growth, are poorly understood. Here, we directly visualize the action of fluorescent Taxol and epothilone derivatives and show that microtubules can transition to a state that triggers cooperative drug binding to form regions with altered lattice conformation. Such regions emerge at growing microtubule ends that are in a pre-catastrophe state, and inhibit microtubule growth and shortening. Electron microscopy and in vitro dynamics data indicate that taxane accumulation zones represent incomplete tubes that can persist, incorporate tubulin dimers and repeatedly induce microtubule rescues. Thus, taxanes modulate the material properties of microtubules by converting destabilized growing microtubule ends into regions resistant to depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tianyang Liu
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Glauser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juan Estévez-Gallego
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruddi Rodríguez-García
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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30
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EB1-dependent long survival of glioblastoma-grafted mice with the oral tubulin-binder BAL101553 is associated with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2020; 11:759-774. [PMID: 32165998 PMCID: PMC7055546 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors with limited treatment options. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) contribute to GBM invasiveness, representing promising targets. BAL101553, a prodrug of BAL27862, is a novel small molecule tubulin-binding agent, promoting tumor cell death through spindle assembly checkpoint activation, which is currently in Phase 1/2a in advanced solid tumor patients including GBM. This study aimed to evaluate long-term daily oral BAL101553 treatment of mice orthotopically grafted with GBM CSLCs (GBM6) according to EB1 expression-level, and to decipher its mechanism of action on GBM stem cells. Oral treatment with BAL101553 for 100 days provoked a large EB1 expression level-dependent survival benefit, together with a decrease in tumor growth and brain invasion. Formation of vascular structures by the fluorescent GBM6-GFP-sh0 cells, mimicking endothelial vascular networks, was observed in the brains of control grafted mice. Following BAL101553 treatment, vessels were no longer detectable, suggesting inhibition of the endothelial trans-differentiation of GBM stem cells. In vitro, BAL27862 treatment resulted in a switch to the endothelial-like phenotype of GBM6 towards an astrocytic phenotype. Moreover, the drug inhibited secretion of VEGF, thus preventing normal endothelial cell migration activated by CSLCs. The decrease in VEGF secretion was confirmed in a human GBM explant following drug treatment. Altogether, our data first confirm the potential of EB1 expression as a response-predictive biomarker of BAL101553 in GBM we previously published and add new insights in BAL101553 long-term action by counteracting CSLCs mediated tumor angiogenesis. Our results strongly support BAL101553 clinical studies in GBM patients.
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31
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Saraon P, Snider J, Kalaidzidis Y, Wybenga-Groot LE, Weiss K, Rai A, Radulovich N, Drecun L, Vučković N, Vučetić A, Wong V, Thériault B, Pham NA, Park JH, Datti A, Wang J, Pathmanathan S, Aboualizadeh F, Lyakisheva A, Yao Z, Wang Y, Joseph B, Aman A, Moran MF, Prakesch M, Poda G, Marcellus R, Uehling D, Samaržija M, Jakopović M, Tsao MS, Shepherd FA, Sacher A, Leighl N, Akhmanova A, Al-Awar R, Zerial M, Stagljar I. A drug discovery platform to identify compounds that inhibit EGFR triple mutants. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:577-586. [PMID: 32094923 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane receptors of great clinical interest due to their role in disease. Historically, therapeutics targeting RTKs have been identified using in vitro kinase assays. Due to frequent development of drug resistance, however, there is a need to identify more diverse compounds that inhibit mutated but not wild-type RTKs. Here, we describe MaMTH-DS (mammalian membrane two-hybrid drug screening), a live-cell platform for high-throughput identification of small molecules targeting functional protein-protein interactions of RTKs. We applied MaMTH-DS to an oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant resistant to the latest generation of clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We identified four mutant-specific compounds, including two that would not have been detected by conventional in vitro kinase assays. One of these targets mutant EGFR via a new mechanism of action, distinct from classical TKI inhibition. Our results demonstrate how MaMTH-DS is a powerful complement to traditional drug screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Saraon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Konstantin Weiss
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolina Radulovich
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luka Drecun
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nika Vučković
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adriana Vučetić
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brigitte Thériault
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nhu-An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jin H Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Network Biology Collaborative Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jenny Wang
- Network Biology Collaborative Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shivanthy Pathmanathan
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anna Lyakisheva
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Babu Joseph
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Prakesch
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gennady Poda
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Marcellus
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miroslav Samaržija
- Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Jakopović
- Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Sacher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia.
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32
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Coombes CE, Saunders HAJ, Mannava AG, Johnson-Schlitz DM, Reid TA, Parmar S, McClellan M, Yan C, Rogers SL, Parrish JZ, Wagenbach M, Wordeman L, Wildonger J, Gardner MK. Non-enzymatic Activity of the α-Tubulin Acetyltransferase αTAT Limits Synaptic Bouton Growth in Neurons. Curr Biol 2020; 30:610-623.e5. [PMID: 31928876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal axons terminate as synaptic boutons that form stable yet plastic connections with their targets. Synaptic bouton development relies on an underlying network of both long-lived and dynamic microtubules that provide structural stability for the boutons while also allowing for their growth and remodeling. However, a molecular-scale mechanism that explains how neurons appropriately balance these two microtubule populations remains a mystery. We hypothesized that α-tubulin acetyltransferase (αTAT), which both stabilizes long-lived microtubules against mechanical stress via acetylation and has been implicated in promoting microtubule dynamics, could play a role in this process. Using the Drosophila neuromuscular junction as a model, we found that non-enzymatic dαTAT activity limits the growth of synaptic boutons by affecting dynamic, but not stable, microtubules. Loss of dαTAT results in the formation of ectopic boutons. These ectopic boutons can be similarly suppressed by resupplying enzyme-inactive dαTAT or by treatment with a low concentration of the microtubule-targeting agent vinblastine, which acts to suppress microtubule dynamics. Biophysical reconstitution experiments revealed that non-enzymatic αTAT1 activity destabilizes dynamic microtubules but does not substantially impact the stability of long-lived microtubules. Further, during microtubule growth, non-enzymatic αTAT1 activity results in increasingly extended tip structures, consistent with an increased rate of acceleration of catastrophe frequency with microtubule age, perhaps via tip structure remodeling. Through these mechanisms, αTAT enriches for stable microtubules at the expense of dynamic ones. We propose that the specific suppression of dynamic microtubules by non-enzymatic αTAT activity regulates the remodeling of microtubule networks during synaptic bouton development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Coombes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harriet A J Saunders
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anirudh G Mannava
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Taylor A Reid
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sneha Parmar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark McClellan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Connie Yan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stephen L Rogers
- Department of Biology, Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jay Z Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Wagenbach
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jill Wildonger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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33
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Atherton J, Luo Y, Xiang S, Yang C, Rai A, Jiang K, Stangier M, Vemu A, Cook AD, Wang S, Roll-Mecak A, Steinmetz MO, Akhmanova A, Baldus M, Moores CA. Structural determinants of microtubule minus end preference in CAMSAP CKK domains. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5236. [PMID: 31748546 PMCID: PMC6868217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CAMSAP/Patronins regulate microtubule minus-end dynamics. Their end specificity is mediated by their CKK domains, which we proposed recognise specific tubulin conformations found at minus ends. To critically test this idea, we compared the human CAMSAP1 CKK domain (HsCKK) with a CKK domain from Naegleria gruberi (NgCKK), which lacks minus-end specificity. Here we report near-atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of HsCKK- and NgCKK-microtubule complexes, which show that these CKK domains share the same protein fold, bind at the intradimer interprotofilament tubulin junction, but exhibit different footprints on microtubules. NMR experiments show that both HsCKK and NgCKK are remarkably rigid. However, whereas NgCKK binding does not alter the microtubule architecture, HsCKK remodels its microtubule interaction site and changes the underlying polymer structure because the tubulin lattice conformation is not optimal for its binding. Thus, in contrast to many MAPs, the HsCKK domain can differentiate subtly specific tubulin conformations to enable microtubule minus-end recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Atherton
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, UK.
| | - Yanzhang Luo
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shengqi Xiang
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- MOE Key Lab for biomolecular Condensates & Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Jiang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Marcel Stangier
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Annapurna Vemu
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexander D Cook
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, UK
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, UK
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, UK.
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34
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Alatrash N, Issa FH, Bawazir NS, West SJ, Van Manen-Brush KE, Shelor CP, Dayoub AS, Myers KA, Janetopoulos C, Lewis EA, MacDonnell FM. Disruption of microtubule function in cultured human cells by a cytotoxic ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complex. Chem Sci 2019; 11:264-275. [PMID: 34040721 PMCID: PMC8133002 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of malignant and non-malignant cultured human cell lines with a cytotoxic IC50 dose of ∼2 μM tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(ii) chloride (RPC2) retards or arrests microtubule motion as tracked by visualizing fluorescently-tagged microtubule plus end-tracking proteins. Immunofluorescent microscopic images of the microtubules in fixed cells show substantial changes to cellular microtubule network and to overall cell morphology upon treatment with RPC2. Flow cytometry with MCF7 and H358 cells reveals only minor elevations of the number of cells in G2/M phase, suggesting that the observed cytotoxicity is not tied to mitotic arrest. In vitro studies with purified tubulin reveal that RPC2 acts to promote tubulin polymerization and when imaged by electron microscopy, these microtubules look normal in appearance. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements show an associative binding constant of 4.8 × 106 M-1 for RPC2 to preformed microtubules and support a 1 : 1 RPC2 to tubulin dimer stoichiometry. Competition experiments show RPC2 does not compete for the taxane binding site. Consistent with this tight binding, over 80% of the ruthenium in treated cells is co-localized with the cytoskeletal proteins. These data support RPC2 acting as an in vivo microtubule stabilizing agent and sharing many similarities with cells treated with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagham Alatrash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA
| | - Faiza H Issa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA
| | - Nada S Bawazir
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Savannah J West
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA
| | | | - Charles P Shelor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA
| | - Adam S Dayoub
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Edwin A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA
| | - Frederick M MacDonnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA
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35
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Fréal A, Rai D, Tas RP, Pan X, Katrukha EA, van de Willige D, Stucchi R, Aher A, Yang C, Altelaar AFM, Vocking K, Post JA, Harterink M, Kapitein LC, Akhmanova A, Hoogenraad CC. Feedback-Driven Assembly of the Axon Initial Segment. Neuron 2019; 104:305-321.e8. [PMID: 31474508 PMCID: PMC6839619 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a unique neuronal compartment that plays a crucial role in the generation of action potential and neuronal polarity. The assembly of the AIS requires membrane, scaffolding, and cytoskeletal proteins, including Ankyrin-G and TRIM46. How these components cooperate in AIS formation is currently poorly understood. Here, we show that Ankyrin-G acts as a scaffold interacting with End-Binding (EB) proteins and membrane proteins such as Neurofascin-186 to recruit TRIM46-positive microtubules to the plasma membrane. Using in vitro reconstitution and cellular assays, we demonstrate that TRIM46 forms parallel microtubule bundles and stabilizes them by acting as a rescue factor. TRIM46-labeled microtubules drive retrograde transport of Neurofascin-186 to the proximal axon, where Ankyrin-G prevents its endocytosis, resulting in stable accumulation of Neurofascin-186 at the AIS. Neurofascin-186 enrichment in turn reinforces membrane anchoring of Ankyrin-G and subsequent recruitment of TRIM46-decorated microtubules. Our study reveals feedback-based mechanisms driving AIS assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Fréal
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dipti Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick P Tas
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xingxiu Pan
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Stucchi
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amol Aher
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chao Yang
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A F Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Vocking
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Andries Post
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Harterink
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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36
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Mustyatsa VV, Kostarev AV, Tvorogova AV, Ataullakhanov FI, Gudimchuk NB, Vorobjev IA. Fine structure and dynamics of EB3 binding zones on microtubules in fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2105-2114. [PMID: 31141458 PMCID: PMC6743451 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-11-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
End-binding (EB) proteins associate with the growing tips of microtubules (MTs)and modulate their dynamics directly and indirectly, by recruiting essential factors to fine-tune MTs for their many essential roles in cells. Previously EB proteins have been shown to recognize a stabilizing GTP/GDP-Pi cap at the tip of growing MTs, but information about additional EB-binding zones on MTs has been limited. In this work, we studied fluorescence intensity profiles of one of the three mammalian EB-proteins, EB3, fused with red fluorescent protein (RFP). The distribution of EB3 on MTs in mouse fibroblasts frequently deviated from single exponential decay and exhibited secondary peaks. Those secondary peaks, which we refer to as EB3-islands, were detected on 56% comets of growing MTs and were encountered once per 44 s of EB3-RFP comet growth time with about 5 s half-lifetime. The majority of EB3-islands in the vicinity of MT tips was stationary and originated from EB3 comets moving with the growing MT tips. Computational modeling of the decoration of dynamic MT tips by EB3 suggested that the EB3-islands could not be explained simply by a stochastic first-order GTP hydrolysis/phosphate release. We speculate that additional protein factors contribute to EB3 residence time on MTs in cells, likely affecting MT dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Mustyatsa
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Kostarev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - F. I. Ataullakhanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. B. Gudimchuk
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Vorobjev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Nazarbayev University, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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37
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Serikbaeva A, Tvorogova A, Kauanova S, Vorobjev IA. Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics Heterogeneity in Cell Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1745:181-204. [PMID: 29476470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7680-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic components of the cytoskeleton playing an important role in a large number of cell functions. Individual MTs in living cells undergo stochastic switching between alternate states of growth, shortening and attenuated phase, a phenomenon known as tempered dynamic instability. Dynamic instability of MTs is usually analyzed by labeling MTs with +TIPs, namely, EB proteins. Tracking of +TIP trajectories allows analyzing MT growth in cells with a different density of MTs. Numerous labs now use +TIP to track growing MTs in a variety of cell cultures. However, heterogeneity of MT dynamics is usually underestimated, and rather small sampling for the description of dynamic instability parameters is often used. The strategy described in this chapter is the method for repetitive quantitative analysis of MT growth rate within the same cell that allows minimization of the variation in MT dynamics measurement. We show that variability in MT dynamics within a cell when using repeated measurements is significantly less than between different cells in the same chamber. This approach allows better estimation of the heterogeneity of cells' responses to different treatments. To compare the effects of different MT inhibitors, the protocol using normalized values for MT dynamics and repetitive measurements for each cell is employed. This chapter provides detailed methods for analysis of MT dynamics in tissue cultures. We describe protocols for imaging MT dynamics by fluorescent microscopy, contrast enhancement technique, and MT dynamics analysis using triple color-coded display based on sequential subtraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anara Serikbaeva
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Anna Tvorogova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sholpan Kauanova
- School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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38
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Honoré S, Hubert F, Tournus M, White D. A Growth-Fragmentation Approach for Modeling Microtubule Dynamic Instability. Bull Math Biol 2018; 81:722-758. [PMID: 30484040 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are protein filaments found in all eukaryotic cells which are crucial for many cellular processes including cell movement, cell differentiation, and cell division. Due to their role in cell division, they are often used as targets for chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment. Experimental studies of MT dynamics have played an important role in the development and administration of many novel cancer drugs; however, a complete description of MT dynamics is lacking. Here, we propose a new mathematical model for MT dynamics, that can be used to study the effects of chemotherapy drugs on MT dynamics. Our model consists of a growth-fragmentation equation describing the dynamics of a length distribution of MTs, coupled with two ODEs that describe the dynamics of free GTP- and GDP-tubulin concentrations (the individual dimers that comprise of MTs). Here, we prove the well-posedness of our system and perform a numerical exploration of the influence of certain model parameters on the systems dynamics. In particular, we focus on a qualitative description for how a certain class of destabilizing drugs, the vinca alkaloids, alter MT dynamics. Through variation of certain model parameters which we know are altered by these drugs, we make comparisons between simulation results and what is observed in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Honoré
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Faculté de Pharmacie de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, 13385, Marseille, France.,Service pharmacie, CHU Hôpital de La Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Hubert
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Tournus
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Diana White
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
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39
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de Rooij R, Kuhl E, Miller KE. Modeling the Axon as an Active Partner with the Growth Cone in Axonal Elongation. Biophys J 2018; 115:1783-1795. [PMID: 30309611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Forces generated by the growth cone are vital for the proper development of the axon and thus brain function. Although recent experiments show that forces are generated along the axon, it is unknown whether the axon plays a direct role in controlling growth cone advance. Here, we use analytic and finite element modeling of microtubule dynamics and the activity of the molecular motors myosin and dynein to investigate mechanical force balance along the length of the axon and its effects on axonal outgrowth. Our modeling indicates that the paradoxical effects of stabilizing microtubules and the consequences of microtubule disassembly on axonal outgrowth can be explained by changes in the passive and active mechanical properties of axons. Our findings suggest that a full understanding of growth cone motility requires a consideration of the mechanical contributions of the axon. Our study not only has potential applications during neurodevelopment but might also help identify strategies to manipulate and promote axonal regrowth to treat neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijk de Rooij
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ellen Kuhl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kyle E Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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40
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Hura N, Sawant AV, Kumari A, Guchhait SK, Panda D. Combretastatin-Inspired Heterocycles as Antitubulin Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9754-9769. [PMID: 31459105 PMCID: PMC6644768 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Combretastatin (CA-4) and its analogues are undergoing several clinical trials for treating different types of tumors. In this work, the antiproliferative activity of a series of 2-aminoimidazole-carbonyl analogs of clinically relevant combretastatins A-4 (CA-4) and A-1 was evaluated using a cell-based assay. Among the compounds tested, C-13 and C-21 displayed strong antiproliferative activities against HeLa cells. C-13 inhibited the proliferation of lung carcinoma (A549) cells more potently than combretastatin A-4. C-13 also retarded the migration of A549 cells. Interestingly, C-13 displayed much stronger antiproliferative effects against breast carcinoma and skin melanoma cells compared to noncancerous breast epithelial and skin fibroblast cells. C-13 strongly disassembled cellular microtubules, perturbed the localization of EB1 protein, inhibited mitosis in cultured cells, and bound to tubulin at the colchicine site and inhibited the polymerization of reconstituted microtubules in vitro. C-13 treatment increased the level of reactive oxygen species and induced apoptosis via poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-cleavage in HeLa cells. The results revealed the importance of the 2-aminoimidazole-carbonyl motif as a double bond replacement in combretastatin and indicated a pharmacodynamically interesting pattern of H-bond acceptors/donors and requisite syn-templated aryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Hura
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Avishkar V. Sawant
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anuradha Kumari
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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41
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Disruption of the psychiatric risk gene Ankyrin 3 enhances microtubule dynamics through GSK3/CRMP2 signaling. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:135. [PMID: 30046097 PMCID: PMC6060177 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ankyrin 3 gene (ANK3) is a well-established risk gene for psychiatric illness, but the mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology remain elusive. We examined the molecular effects of disrupting brain-specific Ank3 isoforms in mouse and neuronal model systems. RNA sequencing of hippocampus from Ank3+/- and Ank3+/+ mice identified altered expression of 282 genes that were enriched for microtubule-related functions. Results were supported by increased expression of microtubule end-binding protein 3 (EB3), an indicator of microtubule dynamics, in Ank3+/- mouse hippocampus. Live-cell imaging of EB3 movement in primary neurons from Ank3+/- mice revealed impaired elongation of microtubules. Using a CRISPR-dCas9-KRAB transcriptional repressor in mouse neuro-2a cells, we determined that repression of brain-specific Ank3 increased EB3 expression, decreased tubulin acetylation, and increased the soluble:polymerized tubulin ratio, indicating enhanced microtubule dynamics. These changes were rescued by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) with lithium or CHIR99021, a highly selective GSK3 inhibitor. Brain-specific Ank3 repression in neuro-2a cells increased GSK3 activity (reduced inhibitory phosphorylation) and elevated collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) phosphorylation, a known GSK3 substrate and microtubule-binding protein. Pharmacological inhibition of CRMP2 activity attenuated the rescue of EB3 expression and tubulin polymerization in Ank3-repressed cells by lithium or CHIR99021, suggesting microtubule instability induced by Ank3 repression is dependent on CRMP2 activity. Taken together, our data indicate that ANK3 functions in neuronal microtubule dynamics through GSK3 and its downstream substrate CRMP2. These findings reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying brain-specific ANK3 disruption that may be related to its role in psychiatric illness.
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42
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Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic polymers of αβ-tubulin that are essential for intracellular organization, organelle trafficking and chromosome segregation. Microtubule growth and shrinkage occur via addition and loss of αβ-tubulin subunits, which are biochemical processes. Dynamic microtubules can also engage in mechanical processes, such as exerting forces by pushing or pulling against a load. Recent advances at the intersection of biochemistry and mechanics have revealed the existence of multiple conformations of αβ-tubulin subunits and their central role in dictating the mechanisms of microtubule dynamics and force generation. It has become apparent that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) selectively target specific tubulin conformations to regulate microtubule dynamics, and mechanical forces can also influence microtubule dynamics by altering the balance of tubulin conformations. Importantly, the conformational states of tubulin dimers are likely to be coupled throughout the lattice: the conformation of one dimer can influence the conformation of its nearest neighbours, and this effect can propagate over longer distances. This coupling provides a long-range mechanism by which MAPs and forces can modulate microtubule growth and shrinkage. These findings provide evidence that the interplay between biochemistry and mechanics is essential for the cellular functions of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Brouhard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Luke M Rice
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
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43
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Aher A, Kok M, Sharma A, Rai A, Olieric N, Rodriguez-Garcia R, Katrukha EA, Weinert T, Olieric V, Kapitein LC, Steinmetz MO, Dogterom M, Akhmanova A. CLASP Suppresses Microtubule Catastrophes through a Single TOG Domain. Dev Cell 2018; 46:40-58.e8. [PMID: 29937387 PMCID: PMC6035287 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic instability of microtubules plays a key role in controlling their organization and function, but the cellular mechanisms regulating this process are poorly understood. Here, we show that cytoplasmic linker-associated proteins (CLASPs) suppress transitions from microtubule growth to shortening, termed catastrophes, including those induced by microtubule-destabilizing agents and physical barriers. Mammalian CLASPs encompass three TOG-like domains, TOG1, TOG2, and TOG3, none of which bind to free tubulin. TOG2 is essential for catastrophe suppression, whereas TOG3 mildly enhances rescues but cannot suppress catastrophes. These functions are inhibited by the C-terminal domain of CLASP2, while the TOG1 domain can release this auto-inhibition. TOG2 fused to a positively charged microtubule-binding peptide autonomously accumulates at growing but not shrinking ends, suppresses catastrophes, and stimulates rescues. CLASPs suppress catastrophes by stabilizing growing microtubule ends, including incomplete ones, preventing their depolymerization and promoting their recovery into complete tubes. TOG2 domain is the key determinant of these activities. CLASPs potently suppress microtubule catastrophes induced by different mechanisms CLASPs act by stabilizing growing microtubule ends, including incomplete ones CLASP2 TOG-like domain, TOG2, is necessary and sufficient for catastrophe inhibition TOG2 fused to a positively charged peptide accumulates at growing microtubule ends
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Aher
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits Kok
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ruddi Rodriguez-Garcia
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Weinert
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Olieric
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; University of Basel, Biozentrum, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marileen Dogterom
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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44
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Parker AL, Teo WS, Pandzic E, Vicente JJ, McCarroll JA, Wordeman L, Kavallaris M. β-tubulin carboxy-terminal tails exhibit isotype-specific effects on microtubule dynamics in human gene-edited cells. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1. [PMID: 30079401 PMCID: PMC6070155 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used human gene-edited cell models and image analysis to reveal that the tubulin C-terminal tails specifically regulate the dynamics of individual microtubules and coordinate microtubule behavior across the cell. Microtubules are highly dynamic structures that play an integral role in fundamental cellular functions. Different α- and β-tubulin isotypes are thought to confer unique dynamic properties to microtubules. The tubulin isotypes have highly conserved structures, differing mainly in their carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) tail sequences. However, little is known about the importance of the C-terminal tail in regulating and coordinating microtubule dynamics. We developed syngeneic human cell models using gene editing to precisely modify the β-tubulin C-terminal tail region while preserving the endogenous microtubule network. Fluorescent microscopy of live cells, coupled with advanced image analysis, revealed that the β-tubulin C-terminal tails differentially coordinate the collective and individual dynamic behavior of microtubules by affecting microtubule growth rates and explorative microtubule assembly in an isotype-specific manner. Furthermore, βI- and βIII-tubulin C-terminal tails differentially regulate the sensitivity of microtubules to tubulin-binding agents and the microtubule depolymerizing protein mitotic centromere-associated kinesin. The sequence of the β-tubulin tail encodes regulatory information that instructs and coordinates microtubule dynamics, thereby fine-tuning microtubule dynamics to support cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2031.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2031.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Juan Jesus Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195-7290
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2031.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195-7290
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2031.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia 2052
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45
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Aher A, Akhmanova A. Tipping microtubule dynamics, one protofilament at a time. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 50:86-93. [PMID: 29573640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polymeric tubes that switch between phases of growth and shortening, and this property is essential to drive key cellular processes. Microtubules are composed of protofilaments formed by longitudinally arranged tubulin dimers. Microtubule dynamics can be affected by structural perturbations at the plus end, such as end tapering, and targeting only a small subset of protofilaments can alter the dynamics of the whole microtubule. Microtubule lattice plasticity, including compaction along the longitudinal axis upon GTP hydrolysis and tubulin dimer loss and reinsertion along microtubule shafts can also affect microtubule dynamics or mechanics. Microtubule behaviour can be fine-tuned by post-translational modifications and tubulin isotypes, which together support the diversity of microtubule functions within and across various cell types or cell cycle and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Aher
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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46
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Wieczorek M, Tcherkezian J, Bernier C, Prota AE, Chaaban S, Rolland Y, Godbout C, Hancock MA, Arezzo JC, Ocal O, Rocha C, Olieric N, Hall A, Ding H, Bramoullé A, Annis MG, Zogopoulos G, Harran PG, Wilkie TM, Brekken RA, Siegel PM, Steinmetz MO, Shore GC, Brouhard GJ, Roulston A. The synthetic diazonamide DZ-2384 has distinct effects on microtubule curvature and dynamics without neurotoxicity. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:365ra159. [PMID: 27856798 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used anticancer agents, but toxicities such as neuropathy limit their clinical use. MTAs bind to and alter the stability of microtubules, causing cell death in mitosis. We describe DZ-2384, a preclinical compound that exhibits potent antitumor activity in models of multiple cancer types. It has an unusually high safety margin and lacks neurotoxicity in rats at effective plasma concentrations. DZ-2384 binds the vinca domain of tubulin in a distinct way, imparting structurally and functionally different effects on microtubule dynamics compared to other vinca-binding compounds. X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy studies demonstrate that DZ-2384 causes straightening of curved protofilaments, an effect proposed to favor polymerization of tubulin. Both DZ-2384 and the vinca alkaloid vinorelbine inhibit microtubule growth rate; however, DZ-2384 increases the rescue frequency and preserves the microtubule network in nonmitotic cells and in primary neurons. This differential modulation of tubulin results in a potent MTA therapeutic with enhanced safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wieczorek
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Joseph Tcherkezian
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cynthia Bernier
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sami Chaaban
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Yannève Rolland
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Claude Godbout
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Mark A Hancock
- McGill SPR-MS Facility, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Joseph C Arezzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10561, USA
| | - Ozhan Ocal
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cecilia Rocha
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Anita Hall
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandre Bramoullé
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - George Zogopoulos
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Patrick G Harran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas M Wilkie
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gordon C Shore
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gary J Brouhard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Anne Roulston
- Laboratory for Therapeutic Development, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Jost M, Chen Y, Gilbert LA, Horlbeck MA, Krenning L, Menchon G, Rai A, Cho MY, Stern JJ, Prota AE, Kampmann M, Akhmanova A, Steinmetz MO, Tanenbaum ME, Weissman JS. Combined CRISPRi/a-Based Chemical Genetic Screens Reveal that Rigosertib Is a Microtubule-Destabilizing Agent. Mol Cell 2017; 68:210-223.e6. [PMID: 28985505 PMCID: PMC5640507 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical libraries paired with phenotypic screens can now readily identify compounds with therapeutic potential. A central limitation to exploiting these compounds, however, has been in identifying their relevant cellular targets. Here, we present a two-tiered CRISPR-mediated chemical-genetic strategy for target identification: combined genome-wide knockdown and overexpression screening as well as focused, comparative chemical-genetic profiling. Application of these strategies to rigosertib, a drug in phase 3 clinical trials for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome whose molecular target had remained controversial, pointed singularly to microtubules as rigosertib's target. We showed that rigosertib indeed directly binds to and destabilizes microtubules using cell biological, in vitro, and structural approaches. Finally, expression of tubulin with a structure-guided mutation in the rigosertib-binding pocket conferred resistance to rigosertib, establishing that rigosertib kills cancer cells by destabilizing microtubules. These results demonstrate the power of our chemical-genetic screening strategies for pinpointing the physiologically relevant targets of chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Jost
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Luke A Gilbert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Max A Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lenno Krenning
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ankit Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3548CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Min Y Cho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jacob J Stern
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3548CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marvin E Tanenbaum
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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White D, Honoré S, Hubert F. Exploring the effect of end-binding proteins and microtubule targeting chemotherapy drugs on microtubule dynamic instability. J Theor Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Microtubules Modulate F-actin Dynamics during Neuronal Polarization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9583. [PMID: 28851982 PMCID: PMC5575062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization is reflected by different dynamics of microtubule and filamentous actin (F-actin). Axonal microtubules are more stable than those in the remaining neurites, while dynamics of F-actin in axonal growth cones clearly exceed those in their dendritic counterparts. However, whether a functional interplay exists between the microtubule network and F-actin dynamics in growing axons and whether this interplay is instrumental for breaking cellular symmetry is currently unknown. Here, we show that an increment on microtubule stability or number of microtubules is associated with increased F-actin dynamics. Moreover, we show that Drebrin E, an F-actin and microtubule plus-end binding protein, mediates this cross talk. Drebrin E segregates preferentially to growth cones with a higher F-actin treadmilling rate, where more microtubule plus-ends are found. Interruption of the interaction of Drebrin E with microtubules decreases F-actin dynamics and arrests neuronal polarization. Collectively the data show that microtubules modulate F-actin dynamics for initial axon extension during neuronal development.
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Mustyatsa VV, Boyakhchyan AV, Ataullakhanov FI, Gudimchuk NB. EB-family proteins: Functions and microtubule interaction mechanisms. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:791-802. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917070045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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