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Rodríguez-Castejón J, Beraza-Millor M, Solinís MÁ, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A. Targeting strategies with lipid vectors for nucleic acid supplementation therapy in Fabry disease: a systematic review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2615-2628. [PMID: 38587758 PMCID: PMC11383842 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) results from a lack of activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase A (α-Gal A), leading to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in several different cell types. Protein supplementation by pDNA or mRNA delivery presents a promising strategy to tackle the underlying genetic defect in FD. Protein-coding nucleic acids in FD can be either delivered to the most affected sites by the disease, including heart, kidney and brain, or to specialized organs that can act as a production factory of the enzyme, such as the liver. Lipid-based systems are currently at the top of the ranking of non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems, and their versatility allows the linking to the surface of a wide range of molecules to control their biodistribution after intravenous administration. This systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines and provides an overview and discussion of the targeting ligands that have been employed so far to actively vectorize intravenously administered non-viral vectors based on lipid carriers to clinically relevant organs in the treatment of FD, for protein-coding nucleic acid (pDNA and mRNA) supplementation. Among the thirty-two studies included, the majority focus on targeting the liver and brain. The targeting of the heart has been reported to a lesser degree, whereas no articles addressing kidney-targeting have been recorded. Although a great effort has been made to develop organ-specific nucleic acid delivery systems, the design of active-targeted carriers with high quality, good clinical translation, and large-scale manufacturing capacity is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Rodríguez-Castejón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Marina Beraza-Millor
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.
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2
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Mandalawatta HP, Rajendra K, Fairfax K, Hewitt AW. Emerging trends in virus and virus-like particle gene therapy delivery to the brain. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102280. [PMID: 39206077 PMCID: PMC11350507 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in gene therapy and gene-editing techniques offer the very real potential for successful treatment of neurological diseases. However, drug delivery constraints continue to impede viable therapeutic interventions targeting the brain due to its anatomical complexity and highly restrictive microvasculature that is impervious to many molecules. Realizing the therapeutic potential of gene-based therapies requires robust encapsulation and safe and efficient delivery to the target cells. Although viral vectors have been widely used for targeted delivery of gene-based therapies, drawbacks such as host genome integration, prolonged expression, undesired off-target mutations, and immunogenicity have led to the development of alternative strategies. Engineered virus-like particles (eVLPs) are an emerging, promising platform that can be engineered to achieve neurotropism through pseudotyping. This review outlines strategies to improve eVLP neurotropism for therapeutic brain delivery of gene-editing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K.C. Rajendra
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kirsten Fairfax
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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3
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Kumar J, Karim A, Sweety UH, Sarma H, Nurunnabi M, Narayan M. Bioinspired Approaches for Central Nervous System Targeted Gene Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4975-4997. [PMID: 38100377 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) which include a wide range of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions have become a serious global issue. The presence of CNS barriers poses a significant challenge to the progress of designing effective therapeutic delivery systems, limiting the effectiveness of drugs, genes, and other therapeutic agents. Natural nanocarriers present in biological systems have inspired researchers to design unique delivery systems through biomimicry. As natural resource derived delivery systems are more biocompatible, current research has been focused on the development of delivery systems inspired by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mammalian cells. Despite their structural potential and extensive physiological function, making them an excellent choice for biomaterial engineering, the delivery of nucleic acids remains challenging due to their instability in biological systems. Similarly, the efficient delivery of genetic material within the tissues of interest remains a hurdle due to a lack of selectivity and targeting ability. Considering that gene therapies are the holy grail for intervention in diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's disease, this review centers around recent advances in bioinspired approaches to gene delivery for the prevention of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Afroz Karim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Ummy Habiba Sweety
- Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, 783370, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, India
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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4
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Moore TL, Pannuzzo G, Costabile G, Palange AL, Spanò R, Ferreira M, Graziano ACE, Decuzzi P, Cardile V. Nanomedicines to treat rare neurological disorders: The case of Krabbe disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115132. [PMID: 37918668 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The brain remains one of the most challenging therapeutic targets due to the low and selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier and complex architecture of the brain tissue. Nanomedicines, despite their relatively large size compared to small molecules and nucleic acids, are being heavily investigated as vehicles to delivery therapeutics into the brain. Here we elaborate on how nanomedicines may be used to treat rare neurodevelopmental disorders, using Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) to frame the discussion. As a monogenetic disorder and lysosomal storage disease affecting the nervous system, the lessons learned from examining nanoparticle delivery to the brain in the context of Krabbe disease can have a broader impact on the treatment of various other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we introduce the epidemiology and genetic basis of Krabbe disease, discuss current in vitro and in vivo models of the disease, as well as current therapeutic approaches either approved or at different stage of clinical developments. We then elaborate on challenges in particle delivery to the brain, with a specific emphasis on methods to transport nanomedicines across the blood-brain barrier. We highlight nanoparticles for delivering therapeutics for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases, classified by the therapeutic payload, including gene therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, and small molecule delivery. Finally, we provide some useful hints on the design of nanomedicines for the treatment of rare neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lee Moore
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16163, GE, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Università di Catania, Catania 95123, CT, Italy
| | - Gabriella Costabile
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16163, GE, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80131, NA, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Palange
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16163, GE, Italy
| | - Raffaele Spanò
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16163, GE, Italy
| | - Miguel Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16163, GE, Italy
| | - Adriana Carol Eleonora Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Università di Catania, Catania 95123, CT, Italy; Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Enna "Kore", Enna 94100, EN, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16163, GE, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Università di Catania, Catania 95123, CT, Italy.
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5
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Tang Z, Wang X, Tang M, Wu J, Zhang J, Liu X, Gao F, Fu Y, Tang P, Li C. Overcoming the On-Target Toxicity in Antibody-Mediated Therapies via an Indirect Active Targeting Strategy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206912. [PMID: 36683161 PMCID: PMC10037698 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapies could be led astray when target receptors are expressed on nontarget sites, and the on-target toxicity poses critical challenges to clinical applications. Here, a biomimetic indirect active targeting (INTACT) strategy is proposed based on receptor expression disparities between nontarget sites and the targets. By prebinding the antibodies using cell membrane vesicles with appropriate receptor expressions, the INTACT strategy could filter out the interactions on nontarget sites due to their inferior receptor expression, whereas ensure on-demand release at the targets by competitive binding. The strategy is verified on CD47 antibody, realizing drastic alleviation of its clinically concerned hematotoxicity on a series of animal models including humanized patient-derived xenograft platforms, accompanied by preferable therapeutic effects. Furthermore, the INTACT strategy proves extensive applicability for various systems including antibody, antibody-drug conjugate, and targeted delivery systems, providing a potential platform refining the specificity for frontier antibody-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Tang
- Medical Research InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyou Wang
- Medical Research InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Mei Tang
- Medical Research InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgerySouthwest HospitalChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Jiexuan Zhang
- Medical Research InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- Medical Research InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Feiyan Gao
- Medical Research InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Medical Research InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgerySouthwest HospitalChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Chong Li
- Medical Research InstituteCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
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6
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Pardridge WM. A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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7
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Tasset A, Bellamkonda A, Wang W, Pyatnitskiy I, Ward D, Peppas N, Wang H. Overcoming barriers in non-viral gene delivery for neurological applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3698-3719. [PMID: 35195645 PMCID: PMC9036591 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy for neurological disorders has attracted significant interest as a way to reverse or stop various disease pathologies. Typical gene therapies involving the central and peripheral nervous system make use of adeno-associated viral vectors whose questionable safety and limitations in manufacturing has given rise to extensive research into non-viral vectors. While early research studies have demonstrated limited efficacy with these non-viral vectors, investigation into various vector materials and functionalization methods has provided insight into ways to optimize these non-viral vectors to improve desired characteristics such as improved blood-brain barrier transcytosis, improved perfusion in brain region, enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape in neural cells, and nuclear transport of genetic material post- intracellular delivery. Using a combination of various strategies to enhance non-viral vectors, research groups have designed multi-functional vectors that have been successfully used in a variety of pre-clinical applications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, brain cancers, and cellular reprogramming for neuron replacement. While more work is needed in the design of these multi-functional non-viral vectors for neural applications, much of the groundwork has been done and is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tasset
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Arjun Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Ilya Pyatnitskiy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Deidra Ward
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Nicholas Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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8
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Shigdar S, Schrand B, Giangrande PH, de Franciscis V. Aptamers: Cutting edge of cancer therapies. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2396-2411. [PMID: 34146729 PMCID: PMC8353241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an aptamer-based therapeutic has rapidly progressed following the first two reports in the 1990s, underscoring the advantages of aptamer drugs associated with their unique binding properties. In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first therapeutic aptamer for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, Macugen developed by NeXstar. Since then, eleven aptamers have successfully entered clinical trials for various therapeutic indications. Despite some of the pre-clinical and clinical successes of aptamers as therapeutics, no aptamer has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer. This review highlights the most recent and cutting-edge approaches in the development of aptamers for the treatment of cancer types most refractory to conventional therapies. Herein, we will review (1) the development of aptamers to enhance anti-cancer immunity and as delivery tools for inducing the expression of immunogenic neoantigens; (2) the development of the most promising therapeutic aptamers designed to target the hard-to-treat cancers such as brain tumors; and (3) the development of "carrier" aptamers able to target and penetrate tumors and metastasis, delivering RNA therapeutics to the cytosol and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Brett Schrand
- TCR(2) Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paloma H Giangrande
- Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; VP Platform Discovery Sciences, Biology, Wave Life Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vittorio de Franciscis
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Delivery of Therapeutic Agents to the Central Nervous System and the Promise of Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040492. [PMID: 33916841 PMCID: PMC8067091 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is surrounded by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents pathogens, solutes and most molecules from non-selectively crossing into the CNS. Thus, the BBB acts to protect the CNS from potentially deleterious insults. Unfortunately, the BBB also frequently presents a significant barrier to therapies, impeding passage of drugs and biologicals to target cells within the CNS. This review provides an overview of different approaches to deliver therapeutics across the BBB, with an emphasis in extracellular vesicles as delivery vehicles to the CNS.
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10
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Pardridge WM. Brain Delivery of Nanomedicines: Trojan Horse Liposomes for Plasmid DNA Gene Therapy of the Brain. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:602236. [PMID: 35047884 PMCID: PMC8757841 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.602236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral gene therapy of the brain is enabled by the development of plasmid DNA brain delivery technology, which requires the engineering and manufacturing of nanomedicines that cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The development of such nanomedicines is a multi-faceted problem that requires progress at multiple levels. First, the type of nanocontainer, e.g., nanoparticle or liposome, which encapsulates the plasmid DNA, must be developed. Second, the type of molecular Trojan horse, e.g., peptide or receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), must be selected for incorporation on the surface of the nanomedicine, as this Trojan horse engages specific receptors expressed on the BBB, and the brain cell membrane, to trigger transport of the nanomedicine from blood into brain cells beyond the BBB. Third, the plasmid DNA must be engineered without bacterial elements, such as antibiotic resistance genes, to enable administration to humans; the plasmid DNA must also be engineered with tissue-specific gene promoters upstream of the therapeutic gene, to insure gene expression in the target organ with minimal off-target expression. Fourth, upstream manufacturing of the nanomedicine must be developed and scalable so as to meet market demand for the target disease, e.g., annual long-term treatment of 1,000 patients with an orphan disease, short term treatment of 10,000 patients with malignant glioma, or 100,000 patients with new onset Parkinson's disease. Fifth, downstream manufacturing problems, such as nanomedicine lyophilization, must be solved to ensure the nanomedicine has a commercially viable shelf-life for treatment of CNS disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Ohta S, Kikuchi E, Ishijima A, Azuma T, Sakuma I, Ito T. Investigating the optimum size of nanoparticles for their delivery into the brain assisted by focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18220. [PMID: 33106562 PMCID: PMC7588485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has hampered the efficiency of nanoparticle delivery into the brain via conventional strategies. The widening of BBB tight junctions via focused ultrasound (FUS) offers a promising approach for enhancing the delivery of nanoparticles into the brain. However, there is currently an insufficient understanding of how nanoparticles pass through the opened BBB gaps. Here we investigated the size-dependence of nanoparticle delivery into the brain assisted by FUS-induced BBB opening, using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 3, 15, and 120 nm diameter. For 3- and 15-nm AuNPs, FUS exposure significantly increased permeation across an in vitro BBB model by up to 9.5 times, and the permeability was higher with smaller diameter. However, in vivo transcranial FUS exposure in mice demonstrated that smaller particles were not necessarily better for delivery into the brain. Medium-sized (15 nm) AuNPs showed the highest delivery efficiency (0.22% ID), compared with 3- and 120-nm particles. A computational model suggested that this optimum size was determined by the competition between their permeation through opened BBB gaps and their excretion from blood. Our results would greatly contribute to designing nanoparticles for their delivery into the brain for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Ohta
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Emi Kikuchi
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ayumu Ishijima
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Azuma
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taichi Ito
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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12
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Ashrafzadeh MS, Akbarzadeh A, Heydarinasab A, Ardjmand M. In vivo Glioblastoma Therapy Using Targeted Liposomal Cisplatin. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7035-7049. [PMID: 33061366 PMCID: PMC7522301 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s255902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug delivery systems have demonstrated promising results to cross blood–brain barrier (BBB) and deliver the loaded therapeutics to the brain tumor. This study aims to utilize the transferrin receptor (TR)-targeted liposomal cisplatin (Cispt) for transporting Cispt across the BBB and deliver Cispt to the brain tumor. Methods Targeted pegylated liposomal cisplatin (TPL-Cispt) was synthesized using reverse phase evaporation method and thiolated OX26 monoclonal antibody. The formulation was characterized in terms of size, size distribution, zeta potential, drug encapsulation and loading efficiencies, bioactivity, drug release profile, stability and cellular uptake using dynamic light scattering, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), ELISA, dialysis membrane, and fluorescence assay. Next, the potency of the formulation to increase the therapeutic effects of Cispt and decrease its toxicity effects was evaluated in the brain tumor-bearing rats through measuring the mean survival time (MST), blood factors and histopathological studies. Results The results showed that TPL-Cispt with a size of 157±8 nm and drug encapsulation efficiency of 24%±1.22 was synthesized, that was biologically active and released Cispt in a slow-controlled manner. The formulation compared to Cispt-loaded PEGylated liposome nanoparticles (PL-Cispt) caused an increase in the cellular uptake by 1.43-fold, as well as an increase in the MST of the brain tumor-bearing rats by 1.7-fold compared to the PL-Cispt (P<0.001). TPL-Cispt was potent enough to cause a significant decrease in Cispt toxicity effects (P<0.001). Conclusion Overall, the results suggest that targeting the Cispt-loaded PEGylated liposome is a promising approach to develop formulation with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity for the treatment of brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadat Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Akbarzadeh
- Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Heydarinasab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ardjmand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Ha JH, Shin HH, Choi HW, Lim JH, Mo SJ, Ahrberg CD, Lee JM, Chung BG. Electro-responsive hydrogel-based microfluidic actuator platform for photothermal therapy. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3354-3364. [PMID: 32749424 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00458h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimuli play an important role in regulating the delivery of plasmonic nanomaterials with cancer targeting peptides. Here, we developed an electro-responsive hydrogel-based microfluidic actuator platform for brain tumor targeting and photothermal therapy (PTT) applications. The electro-responsive hydrogels consisted of highly conductive silver nanowires (AgNWs) and biocompatible collagen I gels. We confirmed that an electrically conductive hydrogel could be used as an effective actuator by applying an electrical signal in the microfluidic platform. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated PTT efficacy for brain tumor cells using targetable Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-conjugated gold nanorods (GNRs). Therefore, our electro-responsive hydrogel-based microfluidic actuator platform could be useful for electro-responsive intelligent nanomaterial delivery and PTT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Lee H, Jiang D, Pardridge WM. Lyoprotectant Optimization for the Freeze-Drying of Receptor-Targeted Trojan Horse Liposomes for Plasmid DNA Delivery. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2165-2174. [PMID: 32315188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Trojan horse liposomes (THLs) are a form of ligand-targeted nanomedicine, where a plasmid DNA is encapsulated in the interior of a 100-150 nm pegylated liposome, and the tips of a fraction of the surface pegylated strands are covalently linked to a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) via a thio-ether linkage. The goal of this work was to develop a lyophilization methodology that enables retention of the structure and function of the THLs following the freeze-drying/hydration process. THL fusion and leakage of plasmid DNA were observed with several lyoprotectants, including trehalose, hyaluronic acid, γ-cyclodextrin, or sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. However, the use of hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin, at a 40:1 wt/wt ratio relative to the THL phospholipid, eliminated liposome fusion and produced high retention of encapsulated plasmid DNA and THL-mediated gene expression after lyophilization followed by hydration. The freeze-dried THL cake was amorphous without cavitation, and the diameters and functional properties of the THLs were preserved following hydration of cakes stored for at least six months. Intravenous administration of the hydrated freeze-dried THLs in the Rhesus monkey demonstrated the safety of the formulation. Blood plasmid DNA was measured with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method, which enabled a pharmacokinetics analysis of the blood clearance of the THL-encapsulated plasmid DNA in the primate. The work shows that optimization of the lyoprotectant enables long-term storage of the MAb-targeted DNA encapsulated liposomes in the freeze-dried state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hungyen Lee
- The Lipogene Company, Inc. Thousand Oaks, California 91361, United States
| | - Dahai Jiang
- The Lipogene Company, Inc. Thousand Oaks, California 91361, United States
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15
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Pardridge WM. Blood-Brain Barrier and Delivery of Protein and Gene Therapeutics to Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:373. [PMID: 31998120 PMCID: PMC6966240 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and treatment of the brain in aging require the development of new biologic drugs, such as recombinant proteins or gene therapies. Biologics are large molecule therapeutics that do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB drug delivery is the limiting factor in the future development of new therapeutics for the brain. The delivery of recombinant protein or gene medicines to the brain is a binary process: either the brain drug developer re-engineers the biologic with BBB drug delivery technology, or goes forward with brain drug development in the absence of a BBB delivery platform. The presence of BBB delivery technology allows for engineering the therapeutic to enable entry into the brain across the BBB from blood. Brain drug development may still take place in the absence of BBB delivery technology, but with a reliance on approaches that have rarely led to FDA approval, e.g., CSF injection, stem cells, small molecules, and others. CSF injection of drug is the most widely practiced approach to brain delivery that bypasses the BBB. However, drug injection into the CSF results in limited drug penetration to the brain parenchyma, owing to the rapid export of CSF from the brain to blood. A CSF injection of a drug is equivalent to a slow intravenous (IV) infusion of the pharmaceutical. Given the profound effect the existence of the BBB has on brain drug development, future drug or gene development for the brain will be accelerated by future advances in BBB delivery technology in parallel with new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Thomsen LB, Linemann T, Birkelund S, Tarp GA, Moos T. Evaluation of Targeted Delivery to the Brain Using Magnetic Immunoliposomes and Magnetic Force. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12213576. [PMID: 31683542 PMCID: PMC6861967 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have great prospects for drug delivery purposes, as they can be designed with various surface coatings and conjugated with drugs and targeting moieties. They also have a unique potential for precise delivery when guided by magnetic force. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) denotes the interface between the blood and brain parenchyma and hinders the majority of drugs from entering the brain. Red fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles were encapsulated in liposomes and conjugated to antibodies targeting the rat transferrin receptor (OX26) to form magnetic immunoliposomes. These magnetic immunoliposomes enhanced the uptake by rat brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) in vitro. In situ brain perfusion in young rats high in the endogenous expression of transferrin receptors by BCECs, revealed enhanced uptake of magnetic immunoliposomes when compared to naked magnetic nanoparticles or non-targeted magnetic liposomes. When applying the external magnetic force, the magnetic nanoparticles were detected in the brain parenchyma, suggesting transport across the BBB. Ultrastructural examination of the immunoliposomes, unfortunately, was unable to confirm a complete encapsulation of all naked nanoparticles within the liposomes, suggesting that the data on the brain could derive from particles being released from the liposomes under influence of external magnetic force; hence hypothesizes on external magnetic force as a qualifier for dragging targeted magnetic immunoliposomes through the BBB. In conclusion, our results suggest that transport of magnetic nanoparticles present in BCECs by targeted delivery to the transferrin receptor may undergo further transport into the brain when applying magnetic force. While magnetic immunoliposomes are targetable to BCECs, their design to enable further transport across the BBB when applying external magnetic force needs further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Bohn Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Linemann
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Svend Birkelund
- Laboratory of Medical Mass Spectrometry, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Gitte Abildgaard Tarp
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Torben Moos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
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17
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Johnsen KB, Burkhart A, Thomsen LB, Andresen TL, Moos T. Targeting the transferrin receptor for brain drug delivery. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 181:101665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Samal J, Rebelo AL, Pandit A. A window into the brain: Tools to assess pre-clinical efficacy of biomaterials-based therapies on central nervous system disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:68-145. [PMID: 30710594 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic conveyance into the brain is a cardinal requirement for treatment of diverse central nervous system (CNS) disorders and associated pathophysiology. Effectual shielding of the brain by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) sieves out major proportion of therapeutics with the exception of small lipophilic molecules. Various nano-delivery systems (NDS) provide an effective solution around this obstacle owing to their small size and targeting properties. To date, these systems have been used for several pre-clinical disease models including glioma, neurodegenerative diseases and psychotic disorders. An efficacy screen for these systems involves a test battery designed to probe into the multiple facets of therapeutic delivery. Despite their wide application in redressing various disease targets, the efficacy evaluation strategies for all can be broadly grouped into four modalities, namely: histological, bio-imaging, molecular and behavioural. This review presents a comprehensive insight into all of these modalities along with their strengths and weaknesses as well as perspectives on an ideal design for a panel of tests to screen brain nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ana Lucia Rebelo
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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19
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Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030371. [PMID: 30841578 PMCID: PMC6474019 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intricate microstructure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for the accurate intrinsic regulation of the central nervous system (CNS), in terms of neuronal pathophysiological phenomena. Any disruption to the BBB can be associated with genetic defects triggering or with local antigenic invasion (either neurotoxic blood-derived metabolites and residues or microbial pathogens). Such events can be further related to systemic inflammatory or immune disorders, which can subsequently initiate several neurodegenerative pathways. Any degenerative process related to the CNS results in progressive and yet incurable impairment of neuronal cells. Since these particular neurons are mostly scanty or incapable of self-repair and regeneration processes, there is tremendous worldwide interest in novel therapeutic strategies for such specific conditions. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (AD and PD, respectively) are conditions found worldwide, being considered the most rampant degenerative pathologies related to CNS. The current therapy of these conditions, including both clinical and experimental approaches, mainly enables symptom management and subsidiary neuronal protection and even less disease regression. Still, a thorough understanding of the BBB pathophysiology and an accurate molecular and sub-molecular management of AD and PD will provide beneficial support for more specific and selective therapy. Since nanotechnology-derived materials and devices proved attractive and efficient platforms for modern biomedicine (including detection, imaging, diagnosis, medication, restoration and regeneration), a particular approach for AD and PD management relies on nanoparticle-based therapy. In this paper we will discuss relevant aspects related to the BBB and its impact on drug-based treatment and emphasize that nanoparticles are suitable and versatile candidates for the development of novel and performance-enhanced nanopharmaceuticals for neurodegenerative conditions therapy.
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20
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McConnell EM, Ventura K, Dwyer Z, Hunt V, Koudrina A, Holahan MR, DeRosa MC. In Vivo Use of a Multi-DNA Aptamer-Based Payload/Targeting System To Study Dopamine Dysregulation in the Central Nervous System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:371-383. [PMID: 30160936 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier remains a considerable challenge in investigating central nervous system related processes. In this work, a liposome vehicle was surface-modified with an aptamer that binds to the transferrin receptor and was loaded with two different dopamine-binding aptamer payloads. This system was effectively used to promote the delivery of the aptamer cargo from the peripheral injection site into the brain. The effect of these delivered aptamers on behavior was investigated in vivo in a locomotor task. The first dopamine binding aptamer assessed was a DNA aptamer, the binding of which had been previously validated through the aptamer-based biosensor development reported by several independent research groups. The second aptamer investigated was the result of a novel in vitro selection experiment described herein. Our data suggest that systemic administration of the modified liposomes led to delivery of the dopamine aptamers into the brain. Fluorescence microscopy revealed differential distribution of fluorescence based on the presence or absence of the transferrin receptor aptamer on the surface of fluorescently modified liposomes. In a behavioral experiment using cocaine administration to induce elevated concentrations of neural dopamine, systemic pretreatment with the dopamine aptamer-loaded liposomes reduced cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. Multiple controls including a transferrin-negative liposome control and transferrin-positive liposomes loaded with either a nonbinding, base-substituted dopamine aptamer or a random oligonucleotide were investigated. None of these controls altered cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. Chronic systemic administration of the modified liposomes produced no deleterious neurobehavioral or neural degenerative effects. Importantly, this work is one example of an application for this versatile multiaptamer payload/targeting system. Its general application is limited only by the availability of aptamers for specific neural targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Katelyn Ventura
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Zach Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Vernon Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Anna Koudrina
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maria C. DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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21
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Melnikova E, Goryachev D, Chaplenko A, Vodyakova M, Sayfutdinova A, Merkulov V. Development of liposomal drug formulations: quality attributes and methods for quality control. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanostructured components in drug manufacturing and, more specifically, targeted drug delivery has recently become a major trend in the pharmaceutical industry. Nanodrugs encompass a wide range of pharmaceutical agents containing dendrimers, nanocrystals, micelles, liposomes, and polymer nanoparticles. Liposomes are the most well-studied nanoparticles and effective drug carriers. However, the more complex their structure is, the more process controls are needed and the more quality attributes have to be monitored, including the chemical properties of the liposomal fraction such as the shape, size and charge of the nanoparticle, conjugation efficacy, and distribution of the active ingredient. We believe that quality control of key liposome characteristics should rely on dynamic and laser light scattering coupled with electrophoresis, differential scanning calorimetry, cryo-electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, laser diffraction analysis, and gel filtration chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.V. Melnikova
- Scientific center for expert evaluation of medicinal products of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - D.V. Goryachev
- Scientific center for expert evaluation of medicinal products of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - A.A. Chaplenko
- Scientific center for expert evaluation of medicinal products of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - M.A. Vodyakova
- Scientific center for expert evaluation of medicinal products of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - A.R. Sayfutdinova
- Scientific center for expert evaluation of medicinal products of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - V.A. Merkulov
- Scientific center for expert evaluation of medicinal products of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
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22
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Aptamer Chimeras for Therapeutic Delivery: The Challenging Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110529. [PMID: 30384431 PMCID: PMC6266988 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based aptamers have emerged as efficient delivery carriers of therapeutics. Thanks to their unique features, they can be, to date, considered one of the best targeting moieties, allowing the specific recognition of diseased cells and avoiding unwanted off-target effects on healthy tissues. In this review, we revise the most recent contributes on bispecific and multifunctional aptamer therapeutic chimeras. We will discuss key examples of aptamer-mediated delivery of nucleic acid and peptide-based therapeutics underlying their great potentiality and versatility. Achieved objectives and challenges will be highlighted as well.
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23
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Kumari S, Bhattacharya D, Rangaraj N, Chakarvarty S, Kondapi AK, Rao NM. Aurora kinase B siRNA-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles potentiate the efficacy of temozolomide in treating glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2579-2596. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the efficacy of lactoferrin nanoparticles (LfNPs) in delivering siRNA across the blood–brain barrier to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and with an additional objective of potentiation of conventional temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Methods: Aurora kinase B (AKB) siRNA-loaded nanoparticles (AKB–LfNPs) were prepared with milk protein, lactoferrin, by water in oil emulsion method. AKB–LfNPs were tested in cell lines and in GBM orthotopic mouse model with and without TMZ treatment. Results: AKB silencing, cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest by these LfNPs were shown to be effective on GL261 cells. Tumor growth was significantly lower in AKB–LfNPs alone and in combination with TMZ treated mice and increased the survival by 2.5-times. Conclusion: Treatment of AKB–LfNPs to GBM mice improves life expectancy and has potential to combine with conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, India
| | - Nandini Rangaraj
- Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Sumana Chakarvarty
- Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Anand K Kondapi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Nalam M Rao
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, India
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24
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Johnsen KB, Bak M, Kempen PJ, Melander F, Burkhart A, Thomsen MS, Nielsen MS, Moos T, Andresen TL. Antibody affinity and valency impact brain uptake of transferrin receptor-targeted gold nanoparticles. Theranostics 2018; 8:3416-3436. [PMID: 29930740 PMCID: PMC6010987 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The ability to treat invalidating neurological diseases is impeded by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which inhibits the transport of most blood-borne substances into the brain parenchyma. Targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) on the surface of brain capillaries has been a popular strategy to give a preferential accumulation of drugs or nanomedicines, but several aspects of this targeting strategy remain elusive. Here we report that TfR-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can accumulate in brain capillaries and further transport across the BBB to enter the brain parenchyma. Methods: We characterized our targeting strategy both in vitro using primary models of the BBB and in vivo using quantitative measurements of gold accumulation by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry together with morphological assessments using light microscopy after silver enhancement and transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results: We find that the uptake capacity is significantly modulated by the affinity and valency of the AuNP-conjugated antibodies. Specifically, antibodies with high and low affinities mediate a low and intermediate uptake of AuNPs into the brain, respectively, whereas a monovalent (bi-specific) antibody improves the uptake capacity remarkably. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that monovalent ligands may be beneficial for obtaining transcytosis of TfR-targeted nanomedicines across the BBB, which is relevant for future design of nanomedicines for brain drug delivery.
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25
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Joshi S, Ellis JA, Emala CW. Revisiting intra-arterial drug delivery for treating brain diseases or is it "déjà-vu, all over again"? JOURNAL OF NEUROANAESTHESIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE 2018; 1:108-115. [PMID: 25478580 DOI: 10.4103/2348-0548.130386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For over six decades intra-arterial (IA) drugs have been sporadically used for the treatment of lethal brain diseases. In recent years considerable advance has been made in the IA treatment of retinoblastomas, liver and locally invasive breast cancers, but relatively little progress has been made in the treatment of brain cancers. High resting blood flow and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), makes IA delivery to the brain tissue far more challenging, compared to other organs. The lack of advance in the field is also partly due to the inability to understand the complex pharmacokinetics of IA drugs as it is difficult to track drug concentrations in sub-second time frame by conventional chemical methods. The advances in optical imaging now provide unprecedented insights into the pharmacokinetics of IA drug and optical tracer delivery. Novel delivery methods, improved IA drug formulations, and optical pharmacokinetics, present us with untested paradigms in pharmacology that could lead to new therapeutic interventions for brain cancers and stroke. The object of this review is to bring into focus the current practice, problems, and the potential of IA drug delivery for treating brain diseases. A concerted effort is needed at basic sciences (pharmacology and drug imaging), and translational (drug delivery techniques and protocol development) levels by the interventional neuroradiology community to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Joshi
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neurosurgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jason A Ellis
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neurosurgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Charles W Emala
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neurosurgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
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26
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Johnsen KB, Burkhart A, Melander F, Kempen PJ, Vejlebo JB, Siupka P, Nielsen MS, Andresen TL, Moos T. Targeting transferrin receptors at the blood-brain barrier improves the uptake of immunoliposomes and subsequent cargo transport into the brain parenchyma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10396. [PMID: 28871203 PMCID: PMC5583399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which excludes most molecules from freely diffusing into the brain, and tightly regulates the active transport mechanisms that ensure sufficient delivery of nutrients to the brain parenchyma. Harnessing the possibility of delivering neuroactive drugs by way of receptors already present on the brain endothelium has been of interest for many years. The transferrin receptor is of special interest since its expression is limited to the endothelium of the brain as opposed to peripheral endothelium. Here, we investigate the possibility of delivering immunoliposomes and their encapsulated cargo to the brain via targeting of the transferrin receptor. We find that transferrin receptor-targeting increases the association between the immunoliposomes and primary endothelial cells in vitro, but that this does not correlate with increased cargo transcytosis. Furthermore, we show that the transferrin receptor-targeted immunoliposomes accumulate along the microvessels of the brains of rats, but find no evidence for transcytosis of the immunoliposome. Conversely, the increased accumulation correlated both with increased cargo uptake in the brain endothelium and subsequent cargo transport into the brain. These findings suggest that transferrin receptor-targeting is a relevant strategy of increasing drug exposure to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annette Burkhart
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Joseph Kempen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bruun Vejlebo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piotr Siupka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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27
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Chen L, Watson C, Morsch M, Cole NJ, Chung RS, Saunders DN, Yerbury JJ, Vine KL. Improving the Delivery of SOD1 Antisense Oligonucleotides to Motor Neurons Using Calcium Phosphate-Lipid Nanoparticles. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:476. [PMID: 28912673 PMCID: PMC5582160 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting the upper and lower motor neurons in the motor cortex and spinal cord. Abnormal accumulation of mutant superoxide dismutase I (SOD1) in motor neurons is a pathological hallmark of some forms of the disease. We have shown that the orderly progression of the disease may be explained by misfolded SOD1 cell-to-cell propagation, which is reliant upon its active endogenous synthesis. Reducing the levels of SOD1 is therefore a promising therapeutic approach. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can efficiently silence proteins with gain-of-function mutations. However, naked ASOs have a short circulation half-life and are unable to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) warranting the use of a drug carrier for effective delivery. In this study, calcium phosphate lipid coated nanoparticles (CaP-lipid NPs) were developed for delivery of SOD1 ASO to motor neurons. The most promising nanoparticle formulation (Ca/P ratio of 100:1), had a uniform spherical core-shell morphology with an average size of 30 nm, and surface charge (ζ-potential) of -4.86 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of ASO was 48% and stability studies found the particle to be stable over a period of 20 days. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the negatively charged ASO-loaded CaP-lipid NPs could effectively deliver SOD1-targeted ASO into a mouse motor neuron-like cell line (NSC-34) through endocytosis and significantly down-regulated SOD1 expression in HEK293 cells. The CaP-lipid NPs exhibited a pH-dependant dissociation, suggesting that that the acidification of lysosomes is the likely mechanism responsible for facilitating intracellular ASO release. To demonstrate tissue specific delivery and localization of these NPs we performed in vivo microinjections into zebrafish. Successful delivery of these NPs was confirmed for the zebrafish brain, the blood stream, and the spinal cord. These results suggest that CaP-lipid NPs could be an effective and safe delivery system for the improved delivery of SOD1 ASOs to motor neurons. Further in vivo evaluation in transgenic mouse models of SOD1 ALS are therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Chen
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongong, NSW, Australia
- Science Medicine and Health Faculty, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Watson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongong, NSW, Australia
- Science Medicine and Health Faculty, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Cole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger S. Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N. Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J. Yerbury
- Science Medicine and Health Faculty, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Kara L. Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongong, NSW, Australia
- Science Medicine and Health Faculty, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
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Meng Z, Yang J, Liu Q, de Vries JW, Gruszka A, Rodríguez-Pulido A, Crielaard BJ, Kros A, Herrmann A. Efficient Fusion of Liposomes by Nucleobase Quadruple-Anchored DNA. Chemistry 2017; 23:9391-9396. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Meng
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jian Yang
- Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502; 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Qing Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem de Vries
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Gruszka
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Pulido
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. Crielaard
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science; University Medical Center Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502; 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science; University Medical Center Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen The Netherlands
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Saavedra-Alonso S, Zapata-Benavides P, Chavez-Escamilla AK, Manilla-Muñoz E, Zamora-Avila DE, Franco-Molina MA, Rodriguez-Padilla C. WT1 shRNA delivery using transferrin-conjugated PEG liposomes in an in vivo model of melanoma. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3778-3784. [PMID: 28105110 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of melanoma is increasing. Mortality from melanoma is influenced primarily by metastasis in advanced stages of the disease. Current treatments are largely ineffective; thus, novel gene delivery approaches that target tumor-specific markers may be useful for the treatment of melanoma. Systemic administration of encapsulated RNA-interference plasmids targeted against tumor cells is a potential alternative therapy for cancer. Formulations of transferrin (Tf)-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) liposomes loaded with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against WT1 (Lip + RNAi + Tf), PEG liposomes loaded with shRNA against WT1 (Lip + RNAi), Tf-conjugated PEG liposomes loaded with pEGFP-N3 (Lip + GFP + Tf) and saline solution as negative control (untreated) were administered systemically to C57BL/6 mice implanted subcutaneously with a melanoma cell line. Tumor volume, body weight, tumor weight, survival and relative expression of WT1 were evaluated. No significant differences in net body weight were identified between groups. The tumor volume decreased from 7,871 mm3 (SD±2,087) in the untreated group to 5,981 mm3 (SD±2,099) in the Lip + RNAi + Tf group. The tumor weight was reduced, from 8.8 g (SD±0.30) in the untreated group to 5.5 g (SD±0.87) in the Lip + RNAi + Tf group. An increase of 37% in survival was also observed in the group treated with Lip + RNAi + Tf in comparison to the untreated group. Tumors treated with Lip + RNAi + Tf also showed a decrease in the mean relative expression of WT1 of 0.21 (SD±0.28) folds compared with 1.8 (SD±2.49) folds in untreated group, 1.34 (SD±0.43) folds in Lip + RNAi group and of 1.89 (SD±0.69) folds in Lip + GFP + Tf group. Systemic administration of transferrin-conjugated PEG liposomes loaded with shRNA against WT1 reduced WT1 expression and tumor size and increased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Saavedra-Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ana Karina Chavez-Escamilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Edgar Manilla-Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Diana Elisa Zamora-Avila
- Department of Genetics, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), Escobedo, Nuevo León, México
| | - Moisés Armides Franco-Molina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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Khanna N, Gandhi D, Steven A, Frenkel V, Melhem ER. Intracranial Applications of MR Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 38:426-431. [PMID: 27538905 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Initially used in the treatment of prostate cancer and uterine fibroids, the role of focused ultrasound has expanded as transcranial acoustic wave distortion and other limitations have been overcome. Its utility relies on focal energy deposition via acoustic wave propagation. The duty cycle and intensity of focused ultrasound influence the rate of energy deposition and result in unique physiologic and biomechanical effects. Thermal ablation via high-intensity continuous exposure generates coagulative necrosis of tissues. High-intensity, pulsed application reduces temporally averaged energy deposition, resulting in mechanical effects, including reversible, localized BBB disruption, which enhances neurotherapeutic agent delivery. While the precise mechanisms remain unclear, low-intensity, pulsed exposures can influence neuronal activity with preservation of cytoarchitecture. Its noninvasive nature, high-resolution, radiation-free features allow focused ultrasound to compare favorably with other modalities. We discuss the physical characteristics of focused ultrasound devices, the biophysical mechanisms at the tissue level, and current and emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khanna
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (N.K., D.G., A.S., V.F., E.R.M.)
| | - D Gandhi
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (N.K., D.G., A.S., V.F., E.R.M.)
| | - A Steven
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (N.K., D.G., A.S., V.F., E.R.M.)
| | - V Frenkel
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (N.K., D.G., A.S., V.F., E.R.M.) .,Greenebaum Cancer Center (V.F.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - E R Melhem
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (N.K., D.G., A.S., V.F., E.R.M.)
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Abstract
Research in the field of nonviral gene delivery is in the initial stages relative to the more commonly known viral systems. However, nonviral systems may, in the near future overcome some of the problems inherent to currently employed viral gene delivery systems. These problems range from limited payload capacity and general production issues to immune and toxic reactions, as well as the potential for catastrophic viral recombination. Self-assembling complexes of nucleic acids and synthetic polymers, commonly referred to as `polyplexes', are formed as the result of electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged phosphate groups of the DNA and the positively charged groups of the polycation. A wide array of polycations are available for such studies, including those with linear, branched, dendritic and block or graft copolymer architectures. These polycations vary greatly in chemical composition as well as the number of repeating units, providing for a wide range of different polyplexes that can be easily assembled. Some of the current gene delivery systems are described which serve as potential reagents in the field of polymer-based gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. Gebhart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Nebraska Medical Center 986025, Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Nebraska Medical Center 986025, Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
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Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Saad SDB, Zakaria FKB, Agarwal P, Krasilnikova A, Rahman THA, Rozali KNB, Spasov A, Ozerov A, Alyautdin R, Ismail NM. Mechanism of the anticataract effect of liposomal MgT in galactose-fed rats. Mol Vis 2016; 22:734-47. [PMID: 27440992 PMCID: PMC4942261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased lenticular oxidative stress and altered calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) homeostasis underlie cataractogenesis. We developed a liposomal formulation of magnesium taurate (MgT) and studied its effects on Ca/Mg homeostasis and lenticular oxidative and nitrosative stress in galactose-fed rats. METHODS The galactose-fed rats were topically treated with liposomal MgT (LMgT), liposomal taurine (LTau), or corresponding vehicles twice daily for 28 days with weekly anterior segment imaging. At the end of the experimental period, the lenses were removed and subjected to analysis for oxidative and nitrosative stress, Ca and Mg levels, ATP content, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, and calpain II activities. RESULTS The LTau and LMgT groups showed significantly lower opacity index values at all time points compared to the corresponding vehicle groups (p<0.001). However, the opacity index in the LMgT group was lower than that in the LTau group (p<0.05). Significantly reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress was observed in the LTau and LMgT groups. The lens Ca/Mg ratio in LMgT group was decreased by 1.15 times compared to that in the LVh group. Calpain II activity in the LMgT group was decreased by 13% compared to the LVh group. The ATP level and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were significantly increased in the LMgT group compared to the LVh group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Topical liposomal MgT delays cataractogenesis in galactose-fed rats by maintaining the lens mineral homeostasis and reducing lenticular oxidative and nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Iezhitsa
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, RIG “Molecular Pharmacology and Advanced Therapeutics,” Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences (PLS) Communities of Research (CoRe), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, RIG “Molecular Pharmacology and Advanced Therapeutics,” Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences (PLS) Communities of Research (CoRe), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Diyana Bt Saad
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Kamilah Bt Zakaria
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Jalan Rasah, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Anna Krasilnikova
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, RIG “Molecular Pharmacology and Advanced Therapeutics,” Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences (PLS) Communities of Research (CoRe), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Thuhairah Hasrah Abdul Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Nizam Bin Rozali
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Spasov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Ozerov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, 1 Pavshikh Bortsov sq., Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Renad Alyautdin
- Scientific Centre for Expertise of Medical Application Products, Ministry of Health, Russian Federation
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, RIG “Molecular Pharmacology and Advanced Therapeutics,” Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences (PLS) Communities of Research (CoRe), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Kang YS, Jung HJ, Oh JS, Song DY. Use of PEGylated Immunoliposomes to Deliver Dopamine Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:817-23. [PMID: 27350533 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To treat neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), drugs must be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Patients with PD are deficient in dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter that cannot pass through the BBB. Liposomes modified by adding polyethylene glycol (PEGylated liposomes (PLs)) can be conjugated with antibody to form DA-PEGylated immunoliposomes (DA-PILs), and we tested their use as carriers of DA for treating PD. METHODS PEGylated liposomes (PLs) were prepared by evaporation method, and [(3) H]dopamine was encapsulated within the dried lipid film using a freeze/thaw cycle to form DA-PL. Thiolated OX26 MAb, an antitransferrin receptor monoclonal antibody, was then conjugated to 46-nm PEGylated liposomes. Particle size, zeta potential, and stability were assessed, and in vivo effects were determined after the intravenous injection of DA, DA-PL, and DA-PIL by examining brain tissue in normal rats and rats that underwent transection of the medial forebrain bundle to induce PD. RESULTS The uptake of DA-PIL in the brains of this PD rat model increased about 8-fold compared with that of DA alone and about 3-fold compared with that of encapsulated DA-PEGylated liposomes (DA-PL). The volume of distribution of DA-PIL in the brain by the perfusion method was 4-fold higher than that of DA-PL, indicating that conjugation of OX26 MAb to the transferrin receptor of brain capillary endothelium mediated the effective delivery of DA to brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine can be effectively delivered to the brain by means of a PIL-based drug delivery system in PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sook Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (RIPS) and Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Joo Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (RIPS) and Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Suk Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (RIPS) and Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Chen W, Li H, Liu Z, Yuan W. Lipopolyplex for Therapeutic Gene Delivery and Its Application for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:68. [PMID: 27092073 PMCID: PMC4820442 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolyplex is a core-shell structure composed of nucleic acid, polycation and lipid. As a non-viral gene delivery vector, lipopolyplex combining the advantages of polyplex and lipoplex has shown superior colloidal stability, reduced cytotoxicity, extremely high gene transfection efficiency. Following intravenous administration, there are many strategies based on lipopolyplex to overcome the complex biological barriers in systemic gene delivery including condensation of nucleic acids into nanoparticles, long circulation, cell targeting, endosomal escape, release to cytoplasm and entry into cell nucleus. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and severely influences the patients' life quality. Current gene therapy clinical trials for PD employing viral vectors didn't achieve satisfactory efficacy. However, lipopolyplex may become a promising alternative approach owing to its stability in blood, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and specific targeting to diseased brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
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35
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A designed recombinant fusion protein for targeted delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain. J Control Release 2016; 228:120-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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The “fate” of polymeric and lipid nanoparticles for brain delivery and targeting: Strategies and mechanism of blood–brain barrier crossing and trafficking into the central nervous system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Johnsen KB, Moos T. Revisiting nanoparticle technology for blood–brain barrier transport: Unfolding at the endothelial gate improves the fate of transferrin receptor-targeted liposomes. J Control Release 2016; 222:32-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cabezón I, Manich G, Martín-Venegas R, Camins A, Pelegrí C, Vilaplana J. Trafficking of Gold Nanoparticles Coated with the 8D3 Anti-Transferrin Receptor Antibody at the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4137-45. [PMID: 26440359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated transcytosis has been widely studied as a possible strategy to transport neurotherapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Monoclonal antibodies directed against the transferrin receptor (TfR) have been proposed as potential carrier candidates. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in their cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking is required and could critically contribute to the improvement of delivery methods. Accordingly, we studied here the trafficking of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with the 8D3 anti-transferrin receptor antibody at the mouse BBB. 8D3-AuNPs were intravenously administered to mice and allowed to recirculate for a range of times, from 10 min to 24 h, before brain extraction and analysis by transmission electron microscope techniques. Our results indicated a TfR-mediated and clathrin-dependent internalization process by which 8D3-AuNPs internalize individually in vesicles. These vesicles then follow at least two different routes. On one hand, most vesicles enter intracellular processes of vesicular fusion and rearrangement in which the AuNPs end up accumulating in late endosomes, multivesicular bodies or lysosomes, which present a high AuNP content. On the other hand, a small percentage of the vesicles follow a different route in which they fuse with the abluminal membrane and open to the basal membrane. In these cases, the 8D3-AuNPs remain attached to the abluminal membrane, which suggests an endosomal escape, but not dissociation from TfR. Altogether, although receptor-mediated transport continues to be one of the most promising strategies to overcome the BBB, different optimization approaches need to be developed for efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsaso Cabezón
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Manich
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Venegas
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Cornford EM, Hyman S, Cornford ME, Chytrova G, Rhee J, Suzuki T, Yamagata T, Yamakawa K, Penichet ML, Pardridge WM. Non-invasive gene targeting to the fetal brain after intravenous administration and transplacental transfer of plasmid DNA using PEGylated immunoliposomes. J Drug Target 2015; 24:58-67. [PMID: 26133964 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1055569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Research was undertaken to establish transplacental delivery of active genes to fetal brain by a non-viral vector, antibody-specific targeted therapeutic procedure. PEGylated immunoliposomes (PILs) containing firefly luciferase DNA under the influence of the SV40 promoter injected intravenously into near-term pregnant mice produced luminometric evidence of CNS tissue luciferase activity at 48-h post-injection in all newborn pups. In utero delivery of this pGL3 DNA was shown after a single i.v. injection in maternal and neonatal brains, spleen and lesser amounts in lungs, with only negligible background levels in negative controls exposed to unencapsulated pDNA. In addition to studies of normal wild-type mice, we similarly injected pregnant Lafora Knockout (EPM2a null-mutant) and demonstrated luciferase activity days later in the maternal and newborn pup brains of both types. Delivery of PILs containing a second reporter gene (the pSV40 beta-galactosidase transgene) transplacentally by the same procedure was also successful. Histochemical and biochemical demonstration of beta-galactosidase was documented for all mutant and non-mutant neonates. Brain areas of highest Lafora body development (such as the hippocampus and pontine nuclei) showed intraneuronal beta-glucosidase activity. We conclude that receptor-mediated transport of PIL-borne gene therapeutics across both the placental barrier as well as the fetal BBB in utero is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eain M Cornford
- a Neurology and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA .,b Department of Neurology , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Shigeyo Hyman
- a Neurology and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA .,b Department of Neurology , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Marcia E Cornford
- c Department of Pathology , Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance , CA , USA .,d Department of Pathology , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Gabriela Chytrova
- a Neurology and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA .,b Department of Neurology , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jennifer Rhee
- a Neurology and Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | | | | | | | - Manuel L Penichet
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA .,g Department of Microbiology , Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA .,h Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center , UCLA, Los Angeles , CA , USA .,i The Molecular Biology Institute , UCLA, Los Angeles , CA , USA , and
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Endocytosis of Nanomedicines: The Case of Glycopeptide Engineered PLGA Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:74-89. [PMID: 26102358 PMCID: PMC4491652 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of nanomedicine as a new strategy for drug delivery and targeting prompted the interest in developing approaches toward basic and clinical neuroscience. Despite enormous advances on brain research, central nervous system (CNS) disorders remain the world's leading cause of disability, in part due to the inability of the majority of drugs to reach the brain parenchyma. Many attempts to use nanomedicines as CNS drug delivery systems (DDS) were made; among the various non-invasive approaches, nanoparticulate carriers and, particularly, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) seem to be the most interesting strategies. In particular, the ability of poly-lactide-co-glycolide NPs (PLGA-NPs) specifically engineered with a glycopeptide (g7), conferring to NPs' ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) in rodents at a concentration of up to 10% of the injected dose, was demonstrated in previous studies using different routes of administrations. Most of the evidence on NP uptake mechanisms reported in the literature about intracellular pathways and processes of cell entry is based on in vitro studies. Therefore, beside the particular attention devoted to increasing the knowledge of the rate of in vivo BBB crossing of nanocarriers, the subsequent exocytosis in the brain compartments, their fate and trafficking in the brain surely represent major topics in this field.
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Garg T, Bhandari S, Rath G, Goyal AK. Current strategies for targeted delivery of bio-active drug molecules in the treatment of brain tumor. J Drug Target 2015; 23:865-87. [PMID: 25835469 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1029930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumor is one of the most challenging diseases to treat. The major obstacle in the specific drug delivery to brain is blood-brain barrier (BBB). Mostly available anti-cancer drugs are large hydrophobic molecules which have limited permeability via BBB. Therefore, it is clear that the protective barriers confining the passage of the foreign particles into the brain are the main impediment for the brain drug delivery. Hence, the major challenge in drug development and delivery for the neurological diseases is to design non-invasive nanocarrier systems that can assist controlled and targeted drug delivery to the specific regions of the brain. In this review article, our major focus to treat brain tumor by study numerous strategies includes intracerebral implants, BBB disruption, intraventricular infusion, convection-enhanced delivery, intra-arterial drug delivery, intrathecal drug delivery, injection, catheters, pumps, microdialysis, RNA interference, antisense therapy, gene therapy, monoclonal/cationic antibodies conjugate, endogenous transporters, lipophilic analogues, prodrugs, efflux transporters, direct conjugation of antitumor drugs, direct targeting of liposomes, nanoparticles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers and albumin-based drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saurav Bhandari
- b Department of Quality Assurance , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
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Bhowmik A, Khan R, Ghosh MK. Blood brain barrier: a challenge for effectual therapy of brain tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:320941. [PMID: 25866775 PMCID: PMC4383356 DOI: 10.1155/2015/320941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are one of the most formidable diseases of mankind. They have only a fair to poor prognosis and high relapse rate. One of the major causes of extreme difficulty in brain tumor treatment is the presence of blood brain barrier (BBB). BBB comprises different molecular components and transport systems, which in turn create efflux machinery or hindrance for the entry of several drugs in brain. Thus, along with the conventional techniques, successful modification of drug delivery and novel therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome this obstacle for treatment of brain tumors. In this review, we have elucidated some critical insights into the composition and function of BBB and along with it we have discussed the effective methods for delivery of drugs to the brain and therapeutic strategies overcoming the barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Bhowmik
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Rajni Khan
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Mrinal Kanti Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Site-directed delivery of VEGF-targeted liposomes into intracranial C6 glioma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 158:371-6. [PMID: 25573371 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of conventional chemotherapy for aggressive tumors in the CNS remains low and new strategies for the targeted delivery of anti-tumor substances are now actively developed. Pegylated liposomes covalently conjugated with monoclonal antibodies to VEGF synthesized by us are nanoparticle characterized by narrow size distribution and high dispersion stability. Immunochemical activity of antibodies after conjugation was 70% of initial level. The anti-VEGF liposomes developed by us were highly specific for VEGF(+) tumor cells (in vitro and in vivo). Intravenous injection of VEGF-liposomes to rats with intracranial C6 glioma was followed by their specific accumulation in the malignant tissues and engulfment by glioma cells, which attested to target delivery and selective accumulation of anti-VEGF-liposomes in the brain tumor. Thus, the use of targeting molecules can significantly increase the distribution and efficiency of delivery of nanocontainers to a tumor characterized by hyperexpression of the target proteins.
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Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Strategies and Challenges. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Monteiro N, Martins A, Reis RL, Neves NM. Liposomes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140459. [PMID: 25401172 PMCID: PMC4223894 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are vesicular structures made of lipids that are formed in aqueous solutions. Structurally, they resemble the lipid membrane of living cells. Therefore, they have been widely investigated, since the 1960s, as models to study the cell membrane, and as carriers for protection and/or delivery of bioactive agents. They have been used in different areas of research including vaccines, imaging, applications in cosmetics and tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is defined as a strategy for promoting the regeneration of tissues for the human body. This strategy may involve the coordinated application of defined cell types with structured biomaterial scaffolds to produce living structures. To create a new tissue, based on this strategy, a controlled stimulation of cultured cells is needed, through a systematic combination of bioactive agents and mechanical signals. In this review, we highlight the potential role of liposomes as a platform for the sustained and local delivery of bioactive agents for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Monteiro
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra S. Cláudio do Barco, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Polymersomes conjugated to 83-14 monoclonal antibodies: Invitro targeting of brain capillary endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:316-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kang JH, Battogtokh G, Ko YT. Folate-targeted liposome encapsulating chitosan/oligonucleotide polyplexes for tumor targeting. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1087-92. [PMID: 24848761 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a liposome encapsulating polyethylenimine/oligonucleotides is suitable for in vivo delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. However, toxicity of polyethylenimine is an obstacle in clinical application. To develop a liposome encapsulating polyplexes applicable to clinical use, we proposed to replace polyethylenimine with chitosan and thus constructed the liposome encapsulating low-molecular weight chitosan (LMWC)/oligonucleotide (ODN) polyplexes [LS(CO)]. ODN was completely complexed to LMWC at pH 5.5 and an N/P ratio 10 with a positive zeta potential of 19.81 ± 1.11. The positively charged polyplexes were encapsulated into anionic liposome by membrane extrusion. Folate-targeted liposome encapsulating LMWC/ODN complex [FLS(CO)] was prepared by adding folate-conjugated phospholipid. The resulting LS(CO) and FLS(CO) were characterized with respect to size distribution, zeta potential, and colloidal stability. The LS(CO) and FLS(CO) were also evaluated for in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. The LS(CO) and FLS(CO) showed a narrow size distribution with a mean diameter of about 130 nm and neutral zeta potentials and remained stable for 7 days in 0.15-M NaCl at room temperature. FLS(CO) showed higher cellular uptake than LS(CO) in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Furthermore, LS(CO) showed less toxicity as compared to liposome encapsulating polyethylenimine/oligonucleotides, representing a biocompatible nanocarrier of oligonucleotide therapeutics.
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Yue PJ, He L, Qiu SW, Li Y, Liao YJ, Li XP, Xie D, Peng Y. OX26/CTX-conjugated PEGylated liposome as a dual-targeting gene delivery system for brain glioma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:191. [PMID: 25128329 PMCID: PMC4137094 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The successful gene delivery into the brain is a major challenge due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In order to transport plasmid DNA across the BBB and target the brain glioma, the PEGylated liposomes (PLs) modified with OX26 and chlorotoxin (CTX) were developed as a dual-targeting gene delivery system, and the therapeutic efficacy of OX26/CTX-PL/pC27 against glioma was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Methods The PEGylated liposome complexes were prepared by the reverse phase evaporation method, and their physicochemical properties were examined. The transfection efficiency, intracellular distribution, in vitro effects of OX26/CTX-PL/pC27 were determined on C6, F98 and HEK293T cell lines. The dual-targeting therapeutic efficacy of OX26/CTX-PL/pC27 against glioma were assessed using the BMVECs/C6 cells co-culture model and the rat orthotopic glioma model. Results The OX26/CTX-PL/pDNA complexes exhibited a subglobose shape, and possessed notably low toxicities to HEK293T and C6 cells post 4 h incubation. In the in vitro transfection experiment, gene expressions of hTERTC27 from C6 and F98 cells were significantly improved by OX26 and CTX modification. Our in vitro results also showed that OX26 endowed the PLs with the transport ability across the BBB. Using the BMVECs/C6 cells co-culture model, the viability of C6 cells was decreased to 46.0% after OX26/CTX-PL/pC27 transfection. The OX26/CTX-PL/pC27 complexes exhibited enhanced therapeutic effects on C6 cells. Moreover, the dual-targeting therapeutic effects were further conformed with diminished tumor volumes (18.81 ± 6.15 mm3) and extended median survival time (46 days) in C6 glioma-bearing rats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the therapeutic effects derived from enhanced hTERTC27 expression in the tumor site. Conclusions The PEGylated liposomes modified with OX26 and CTX are able to significantly promote cell transfection, increase the transport of plasmid DNA across the BBB and afterwards target the brain glioma cells in vitro and in vivo, exhibit the most significant therapeutic efficacy. The ligand OX26 plays a critical role in transporting the lipoplexes across the BBB, and CTX acts as a major role in targeting brain glioma cells. The results would encourage further developments for non-invasive targeting therapy of brain gliomas by intravenous injection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-191) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO,107, Yan Jiang Xi Road of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Somani S, Blatchford DR, Millington O, Stevenson ML, Dufès C. Transferrin-bearing polypropylenimine dendrimer for targeted gene delivery to the brain. J Control Release 2014; 188:78-86. [PMID: 24933602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of using genes as medicines to treat brain diseases is currently limited by the lack of safe and efficacious delivery systems able to cross the blood-brain barrier, thus resulting in a failure to reach the brain after intravenous administration. On the basis that iron can effectively reach the brain by using transferrin receptors for crossing the blood-brain barrier, we propose to investigate if a transferrin-bearing generation 3-polypropylenimine dendrimer would allow the transport of plasmid DNA to the brain after intravenous administration. In vitro, the conjugation of transferrin to the polypropylenimine dendrimer increased the DNA uptake by bEnd.3 murine brain endothelioma cells overexpressing transferrin receptors, by about 1.4-fold and 2.3-fold compared to that observed with the non-targeted dendriplex and naked DNA. This DNA uptake appeared to be optimal following 2h incubation with the treatment. In vivo, the intravenous injection of transferrin-bearing dendriplex more than doubled the gene expression in the brain compared to the unmodified dendriplex, while decreasing the non-specific gene expression in the lung. Gene expression was at least 3-fold higher in the brain than in any tested peripheral organs and was at its highest 24h following the injection of the treatments. These results suggest that transferrin-bearing polypropylenimine dendrimer is a highly promising gene delivery system to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - David R Blatchford
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Owain Millington
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - M Lynn Stevenson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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