1
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Vuong NL, Quyen NTH, Tien NTH, Duong Thi Hue K, Duyen HTL, Lam PK, Tam DTH, Van Ngoc T, Jaenisch T, Simmons CP, Yacoub S, Wills BA, Geskus R. Dengue viremia kinetics and effects on platelet count and clinical outcomes: An analysis of 2340 patients from Vietnam. eLife 2024; 13:RP92606. [PMID: 38904662 PMCID: PMC11192532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Viremia is a critical factor in understanding the pathogenesis of dengue infection, but limited data exist on viremia kinetics. This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of viremia and its effects on subsequent platelet count, severe dengue, and plasma leakage. Methods We pooled data from three studies conducted in Vietnam between 2000 and 2016, involving 2340 dengue patients with daily viremia measurements and platelet counts after symptom onset. Viremia kinetics were assessed using a random effects model that accounted for left-censored data. The effects of viremia on subsequent platelet count and clinical outcomes were examined using a landmark approach with a random effects model and logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations, respectively. The rate of viremia decline was derived from the model of viremia kinetics. Its effect on the clinical outcomes was assessed by logistic regression models. Results Viremia levels rapidly decreased following symptom onset, with variations observed depending on the infecting serotype. DENV-1 exhibited the highest mean viremia levels during the first 5-6 days, while DENV-4 demonstrated the shortest clearance time. Higher viremia levels were associated with decreased subsequent platelet counts from day 6 onwards. Elevated viremia levels on each illness day increased the risk of developing severe dengue and plasma leakage. However, the effect size decreased with later illness days. A more rapid decline in viremia is associated with a reduced risk of the clinical outcomes. Conclusions This study provides comprehensive insights into viremia kinetics and its effect on subsequent platelet count and clinical outcomes in dengue patients. Our findings underscore the importance of measuring viremia levels during the early febrile phase for dengue studies and support the use of viremia kinetics as outcome for phase-2 dengue therapeutic trials. Funding Wellcome Trust and European Union Seventh Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Lam Vuong
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
| | | | | | | | | | - Phung Khanh Lam
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
| | | | - Tran Van Ngoc
- Hospital for Tropical DiseasesHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraUnited States
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- World Mosquito Program, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Bridget A Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ronald Geskus
- Oxford University Clinical Research UnitHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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2
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Anam V, Guerrero BV, Srivastav AK, Stollenwerk N, Aguiar M. Within-host models unravelling the dynamics of dengue reinfections. Infect Dis Model 2024; 9:458-473. [PMID: 38385021 PMCID: PMC10879676 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Caused by four serotypes, dengue fever is a major public health concern worldwide. Current modeling efforts have mostly focused on primary and heterologous secondary infections, assuming that lifelong immunity prevents reinfections by the same serotype. However, recent findings challenge this assumption, prompting a reevaluation of dengue immunity dynamics. In this study, we develop a within-host modeling framework to explore different scenarios of dengue infections. Unlike previous studies, we go beyond a deterministic framework, considering individual immunological variability. Both deterministic and stochastic models are calibrated using empirical data on viral load and antibody (IgM and IgG) concentrations for all dengue serotypes, incorporating confidence intervals derived from stochastic realizations. With good agreement between the mean of the stochastic realizations and the mean field solution for each model, our approach not only successfully captures primary and heterologous secondary infection dynamics facilitated by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) but also provides, for the first time, insights into homotypic reinfection dynamics. Our study discusses the relevance of homotypic reinfections in dengue transmission at the population level, highlighting potential implications for disease prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vizda Anam
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maíra Aguiar
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Basque Country, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Basque Country, Spain
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3
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Cloherty APM, Rader AG, Patel KS, Eisden TJTHD, van Piggelen S, Schreurs RRCE, Ribeiro CMS. Dengue virus exploits autophagy vesicles and secretory pathways to promote transmission by human dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1260439. [PMID: 38863700 PMCID: PMC11165123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1260439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), transmitted by infected mosquitoes, is a major public health concern, with approximately half the world's population at risk for infection. Recent decades have increasing incidence of dengue-associated disease alongside growing frequency of outbreaks. Although promising progress has been made in anti-DENV immunizations, post-infection treatment remains limited to non-specific supportive treatments. Development of antiviral therapeutics is thus required to limit DENV dissemination in humans and to help control the severity of outbreaks. Dendritic cells (DCs) are amongst the first cells to encounter DENV upon injection into the human skin mucosa, and thereafter promote systemic viral dissemination to additional human target cells. Autophagy is a vesicle trafficking pathway involving the formation of cytosolic autophagosomes, and recent reports have highlighted the extensive manipulation of autophagy by flaviviruses, including DENV, for viral replication. However, the temporal profiling and function of autophagy activity in DENV infection and transmission by human primary DCs remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that mechanisms of autophagosome formation and extracellular vesicle (EV) release have a pro-viral role in DC-mediated DENV transmission. We show that DENV exploits early-stage canonical autophagy to establish infection in primary human DCs. DENV replication enhanced autophagosome formation in primary human DCs, and intrinsically-heightened autophagosome biogenesis correlated with relatively higher rates of DC susceptibility to DENV. Furthermore, our data suggest that viral replication intermediates co-localize with autophagosomes, while productive DENV infection introduces a block at the late degradative stages of autophagy in infected DCs but not in uninfected bystander cells. Notably, we identify for the first time that approximately one-fourth of DC-derived CD9/CD81/CD63+ EVs co-express canonical autophagy marker LC3, and demonstrate that DC-derived EV populations are an alternative, cell-free mechanism by which DCs promote DENV transmission to additional target sites. Taken together, our study highlights intersections between autophagy and secretory pathways during viral infection, and puts forward autophagosome accumulation and viral RNA-laden EVs as host determinants of DC-mediated DENV infection in humans. Host-directed therapeutics targeting autophagy and exocytosis pathways thus have potential to enhance DC-driven resistance to DENV acquisition and thereby limit viral dissemination by initial human target cells following mosquito-to-human transmission of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. M. Cloherty
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anusca G. Rader
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kharishma S. Patel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tracy-Jane T. H. D. Eisden
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sterre van Piggelen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renée R. C. E. Schreurs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Johnson RM, Stopard IJ, Byrne HM, Armstrong PM, Brackney DE, Lambert B. Investigating the dose-dependency of the midgut escape barrier using a mechanistic model of within-mosquito dengue virus population dynamics. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011975. [PMID: 38557892 PMCID: PMC11008821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses can emerge rapidly and cause explosive epidemics of severe disease. Some of the most epidemiologically important arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, most notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. After a mosquito blood feeds on an infected host, virus enters the midgut and infects the midgut epithelium. The virus must then overcome a series of barriers before reaching the mosquito saliva and being transmitted to a new host. The virus must escape from the midgut (known as the midgut escape barrier; MEB), which is thought to be mediated by transient changes in the permeability of the midgut-surrounding basal lamina layer (BL) following blood feeding. Here, we present a mathematical model of the within-mosquito population dynamics of DENV (as a model system for mosquito-borne viruses more generally) that includes the interaction of the midgut and BL which can account for the MEB. Our results indicate a dose-dependency of midgut establishment of infection as well as rate of escape from the midgut: collectively, these suggest that the extrinsic incubation period (EIP)-the time taken for DENV virus to be transmissible after infection-is shortened when mosquitoes imbibe more virus. Additionally, our experimental data indicate that multiple blood feeding events, which more closely mimic mosquito-feeding behavior in the wild, can hasten the course of infections, and our model predicts that this effect is sensitive to the amount of virus imbibed. Our model indicates that mutations to the virus which impact its replication rate in the midgut could lead to even shorter EIPs when double-feeding occurs. Mechanistic models of within-vector viral infection dynamics provide a quantitative understanding of infection dynamics and could be used to evaluate novel interventions that target the mosquito stages of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Johnson
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Isaac J. Stopard
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Byrne
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Armstrong
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Douglas E. Brackney
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ben Lambert
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Hanley KA, Cecilia H, Azar SR, Moehn BA, Gass JT, Oliveira da Silva NI, Yu W, Yun R, Althouse BM, Vasilakis N, Rossi SL. Trade-offs shaping transmission of sylvatic dengue and Zika viruses in monkey hosts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2682. [PMID: 38538621 PMCID: PMC10973334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses originated in Old World sylvatic (forest) cycles involving monkeys and canopy-living Aedes mosquitoes. Both viruses spilled over into human transmission and were translocated to the Americas, opening a path for spillback into Neotropical sylvatic cycles. Studies of the trade-offs that shape within-host dynamics and transmission of these viruses are lacking, hampering efforts to predict spillover and spillback. We infected a native, Asian host species (cynomolgus macaque) and a novel, American host species (squirrel monkey) with sylvatic strains of DENV-2 or ZIKV via mosquito bite. We then monitored aspects of viral replication (viremia), innate and adaptive immune response (natural killer (NK) cells and neutralizing antibodies, respectively), and transmission to mosquitoes. In both hosts, ZIKV reached high titers that translated into high transmission to mosquitoes; in contrast DENV-2 replicated to low levels and, unexpectedly, transmission occurred only when serum viremia was below or near the limit of detection. Our data reveal evidence of an immunologically-mediated trade-off between duration and magnitude of virus replication, as higher peak ZIKV titers are associated with shorter durations of viremia, and higher NK cell levels are associated with lower peak ZIKV titers and lower anti-DENV-2 antibody levels. Furthermore, patterns of transmission of each virus from a Neotropical monkey suggest that ZIKV has greater potential than DENV-2 to establish a sylvatic transmission cycle in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
| | - Hélène Cecilia
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Sasha R Azar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brett A Moehn
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Jordan T Gass
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | | | - Wanqin Yu
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Ruimei Yun
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Benjamin M Althouse
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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6
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Kumar S, Mishra R, Singh D. "Seven-Plus-One Model": A Move Toward Dengue Free Community. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:249-252. [PMID: 38665463 PMCID: PMC11042148 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_212_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a wide spectrum of diseases creating menace in the community. This vector-born disease alone has a significant impact on global public health and the economy. Resources need to be mobilized to tackle the situation. The present article focused on the novice concept of "Seven-Plus-One models" as an approach to dengue prevention with vector management through community participation. A multidisciplinary approach along with exemplifying effective methods of inspectorial coordination and community participation is much required. The implementation of the Seven-Plus-One model has a positive impact on reducing dengue cases, indicating acceptance and effectiveness of the concept among the public. Dengue morbidity rate can be reduced through early detection and mobilizing the community for active participation in dengue prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dharnidhar Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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7
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Gubbins S. Quantifying the relationship between within-host dynamics and transmission for viral diseases of livestock. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230445. [PMID: 38379412 PMCID: PMC10879856 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the population dynamics of an infectious disease requires linking within-host dynamics and between-host transmission in a quantitative manner, but this is seldom done in practice. Here a simple phenomenological model for viral dynamics within a host is linked to between-host transmission by assuming that the probability of transmission is related to log viral titre. Data from transmission experiments for two viral diseases of livestock, foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle and swine influenza virus in pigs, are used to parametrize the model and, importantly, test the underlying assumptions. The model allows the relationship between within-host parameters and transmission to be determined explicitly through their influence on the reproduction number and generation time. Furthermore, these critical within-host parameters (time and level of peak titre, viral growth and clearance rates) can be computed from more complex within-host models, raising the possibility of assessing the impact of within-host processes on between-host transmission in a more detailed quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
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8
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Zhu Y, Yu X, Jiang L, Wang Y, Shi X, Cheng G. Advances in research on arboviral acquisition from hosts to mosquitoes. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 61:101141. [PMID: 37977238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Arboviral acquisition is a critical step in virus transmission. In this review, we present an overview of the interactions between viruses and host blood-derived factors, highlighting the diverse ways in which they interact. Moreover, the review outlines the impact of host blood on gut barriers during viral acquisition, emphasizing the crucial role of this physiological process in virus dissemination. Additionally, the review investigates the responses of symbioses to invading arboviruses, providing insights into the dynamic reactions of these vital relationships to the presence of arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Xi Yu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yibaina Wang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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9
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Henriques P, Rosa A, Caldeira-Araújo H, Soares P, Vigário AM. Flying under the radar - impact and factors influencing asymptomatic DENV infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1284651. [PMID: 38076464 PMCID: PMC10704250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1284651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of DENV and other Flaviviruses infections represents a spectrum of severity that ranges from mild manifestations to severe disease, which can ultimately lead to death. Nonetheless, most of these infections result in an asymptomatic outcome that may play an important role in the persistent circulation of these viruses. Also, although little is known about the mechanisms that lead to these asymptomatic infections, they are likely the result of a complex interplay between viral and host factors. Specific characteristics of the infecting viral strain, such as its replicating efficiency, coupled with host factors, like gene expression of key molecules involved in the immune response or in the protection against disease, are among crucial factors to study. This review revisits recent data on factors that may contribute to the asymptomatic outcome of the world's widespread DENV, highlighting the importance of silent infections in the transmission of this pathogen and the immune status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henriques
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Caldeira-Araújo
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Vigário
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Aogo RA, Zambrana JV, Sanchez N, Ojeda S, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Gordon A, Harris E, Katzelnick LC. Effects of boosting and waning in highly exposed populations on dengue epidemic dynamics. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi1734. [PMID: 37967199 PMCID: PMC11001200 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Sequential infection with multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes is thought to induce enduring protection against dengue disease. However, long-term antibody waning has been observed after repeated DENV infection. Here, we provide evidence that highly immune Nicaraguan children and adults (n = 4478) experience boosting and waning of antibodies during and after major Zika and dengue epidemics. We develop a susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (SIRS-type) model that tracks immunity by titer rather than number of infections to show that boosts in highly immune individuals can contribute to herd immunity, delaying their susceptibility to transmissible infection. In contrast, our model of lifelong immunity in highly immune individuals, as previously assumed, results in complete disease eradication after introduction. Periodic epidemics under this scenario can only be sustained with a constant influx of infected individuals into the population or a high basic reproductive number. We also find that Zika virus infection can boost DENV immunity and produce delays and then surges in dengue epidemics, as observed with real epidemiological data. This work provides insight into factors shaping periodicity in dengue incidence and may inform vaccine efforts to maintain population immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A. Aogo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, USA
| | - Jose Victor Zambrana
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, 12014, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, 14007, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, 16064, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, USA
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11
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Brackney DE, Vogels CBF. The known unknowns of Powassan virus ecology. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1142-1148. [PMID: 37862099 PMCID: PMC10645372 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Powassan virus (POWV; Family: Flaviviridae, Genus: Flavivirus) is the sole North American member of the tick-borne encephalitis sero-complex. While associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, POWV has historically been of little public health concern due to low incidence rates. However, over the last 20 yr, incidence rates have increased highlighting the growing epidemiological threat. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics with tick habitat reduction, acaricide application, and public awareness programs being our primary means of intervention. The effectiveness of these control strategies is dependent on having a sound understanding of the virus's ecology. In this Forum, we review what is currently known about POWV ecology, identify gaps in our knowledge, and discuss prevailing and alternative hypotheses about transmission dynamics, reservoir hosts, and spatial focality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug E Brackney
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Johnson RM, Stopard IJ, Byrne HM, Armstrong PM, Brackney DE, Lambert B. Investigating the dose-dependency of the midgut escape barrier using a mechanistic model of within-mosquito dengue virus population dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559904. [PMID: 37808804 PMCID: PMC10557669 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses which can emerge rapidly and cause explosive epidemics of severe disease. Some of the most epidemiologically important flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, most notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. After a mosquito blood feeds on an infected host, virus enters the midgut and infects the midgut epithelium. The virus must then overcome a series of barriers before reaching the mosquito saliva and being transmitted to a new host. The virus must escape from the midgut (known as the midgut escape barrier; MEB), which is thought to be mediated by transient changes in the permeability of the midgut-surrounding basal lamina layer (BL) following blood feeding. Here, we present a mathematical model of the within-mosquito population dynamics of flaviviruses that includes the interaction of the midgut and BL which can account for the MEB. Our results indicate a dose-dependency of midgut establishment of infection as well as rate of escape from the midgut: collectively, these suggest that the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) - the time taken for DENV virus to be transmissible after infection - is shortened when mosquitoes imbibe more virus. Additionally, our experimental data indicates that multiple blood feeding events, which more closely mimic mosquito-feeding behavior in the wild, can hasten the course of infections, and our model predicts that this effect is sensitive to the amount of virus imbibed. Our model indicates that mutations to the virus which impact its replication rate in the midgut could lead to even shorter EIPs when double-feeding occurs. Mechanistic models of within-vector viral infection dynamics provide a quantitative understanding of infection dynamics and could be used to evaluate novel interventions that target the mosquito stages of the infection. Author summary Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors of dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), all of which can cause severe disease in humans with dengue alone infecting an estimated 100-400 million people each year. Understanding the processes that affect whether, and at which rate, mosquitoes may transmit such viruses is, hence, paramount. Here, we present a mathematical model of virus dynamics within infected mosquitoes. By combining the model with novel experimental data, we show that the course of infection is sensitive to the initial dose of virus ingested by the mosquito. The data also indicates that mosquitoes which blood feed subsequent to becoming infected may be able to transmit infection earlier, which is reproduced in the model. This is important as many mosquito species feed multiple times during their lifespan and, any reduction in time to dissemination will increase the number of days that a mosquito is infectious and so enhance the risk of transmission. Our study highlights the key and complementary roles played by mathematical models and experimental data for understanding within-mosquito virus dynamics.
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Lambrechts L, Reiner RC, Briesemeister MV, Barrera P, Long KC, Elson WH, Vizcarra A, Astete H, Bazan I, Siles C, Vilcarromero S, Leguia M, Kawiecki AB, Perkins TA, Lloyd AL, Waller LA, Kitron U, Jenkins SA, Hontz RD, Campbell WR, Carrington LB, Simmons CP, Ampuero JS, Vasquez G, Elder JP, Paz-Soldan VA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Rothman AL, Barker CM, Scott TW, Morrison AC. Direct mosquito feedings on dengue-2 virus-infected people reveal dynamics of human infectiousness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011593. [PMID: 37656759 PMCID: PMC10501553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) transmission from humans to mosquitoes is a poorly documented, but critical component of DENV epidemiology. Magnitude of viremia is the primary determinant of successful human-to-mosquito DENV transmission. People with the same level of viremia, however, can vary in their infectiousness to mosquitoes as a function of other factors that remain to be elucidated. Here, we report on a field-based study in the city of Iquitos, Peru, where we conducted direct mosquito feedings on people naturally infected with DENV and that experienced mild illness. We also enrolled people naturally infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) after the introduction of ZIKV in Iquitos during the study period. Of the 54 study participants involved in direct mosquito feedings, 43 were infected with DENV-2, two with DENV-3, and nine with ZIKV. Our analysis excluded participants whose viremia was detectable at enrollment but undetectable at the time of mosquito feeding, which was the case for all participants with DENV-3 and ZIKV infections. We analyzed the probability of onward transmission during 50 feeding events involving 27 participants infected with DENV-2 based on the presence of infectious virus in mosquito saliva 7-16 days post blood meal. Transmission probability was positively associated with the level of viremia and duration of extrinsic incubation in the mosquito. In addition, transmission probability was influenced by the day of illness in a non-monotonic fashion; i.e., transmission probability increased until 2 days after symptom onset and decreased thereafter. We conclude that mildly ill DENV-infected humans with similar levels of viremia during the first two days after symptom onset will be most infectious to mosquitoes on the second day of their illness. Quantifying variation within and between people in their contribution to DENV transmission is essential to better understand the biological determinants of human infectiousness, parametrize epidemiological models, and improve disease surveillance and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lambrechts
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M. Veronica Briesemeister
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia Barrera
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Genomics Laboratory, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Kanya C. Long
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - William H. Elson
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alfonso Vizcarra
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Helvio Astete
- Virology and Emerging Infections Department, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
- Department of Entomology, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Isabel Bazan
- Virology and Emerging Infections Department, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Crystyan Siles
- Virology and Emerging Infections Department, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Stalin Vilcarromero
- Virology and Emerging Infections Department, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Mariana Leguia
- Genomics Laboratory, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Anna B. Kawiecki
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alun L. Lloyd
- Biomathematics Graduate Program and Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lance A. Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Jenkins
- Virology and Emerging Infections Department, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert D. Hontz
- Virology and Emerging Infections Department, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Wesley R. Campbell
- Virology and Emerging Infections Department, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Cameron P. Simmons
- Institute for Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. Sonia Ampuero
- Virology and Emerging Infections Department, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Gisella Vasquez
- Department of Entomology, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - John P. Elder
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie A. Paz-Soldan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Alan L. Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Duong Thi Hue K, da Silva Goncalves D, Tran Thuy V, Thi Vo L, Le Thi D, Vu Tuyet N, Nguyen Thi G, Huynh Thi Xuan T, Nguyen Minh N, Nguyen Thanh P, Yacoub S, Simmons CP. Wolbachia wMel strain-mediated effects on dengue virus vertical transmission from Aedes aegypti to their offspring. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:308. [PMID: 37653429 PMCID: PMC10472731 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) can be transmitted vertically in Aedes aegpti mosquitoes. Whether infection with the wMel strain of the endosymbiont Wolbachia can reduce the incidence of vertical transmission of DENV from infected females to their offspring is not well understood. METHODS A laboratory colony of Vietnamese Ae. aegypti, both with and without wMel infection, were infected with DENV-1 by intrathoracic injection (IT) to estimate the rate of vertical transmission (VT) of the virus. VT in the DENV-infected mosquitoes was calculated via the infection rate estimation from mosquito pool data using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). RESULTS In 6047 F1 Vietnamese wild-type Ae. aegypti, the MLE of DENV-1 infection was 1.49 per 1000 mosquitoes (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-2.74). In 5500 wMel-infected Ae. aegypti, the MLE infection rate was 0 (95% CI 0-0.69). The VT rates between mosquito lines showed a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS The results reinforce the view that VT is a rare event in wild-type mosquitoes and that infection with wMel is effective in reducing VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Duong Thi Hue
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Daniela da Silva Goncalves
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vi Tran Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long Thi Vo
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dui Le Thi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Vu Tuyet
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Giang Nguyen Thi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Huynh Thi Xuan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyet Nguyen Minh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Africa Asia Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- Institute for Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia
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15
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Hanley KA, Cecilia H, Azar SR, Moehn B, Yu W, Yun R, Althouse BM, Vasilakis N, Rossi SL. Immunologically mediated trade-offs shaping transmission of sylvatic dengue and Zika viruses in native and novel non-human primate hosts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.30.547187. [PMID: 37425901 PMCID: PMC10327119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses originated in Old World sylvatic cycles involving monkey hosts, spilled over into human transmission, and were translocated to the Americas, creating potential for spillback into neotropical sylvatic cycles. Studies of the trade-offs that shape within-host dynamics and transmission of these viruses are lacking, hampering efforts to predict spillover and spillback. We exposed native (cynomolgus macaque) or novel (squirrel monkey) hosts to mosquitoes infected with either sylvatic DENV or ZIKV and monitored viremia, natural killer cells, transmission to mosquitoes, cytokines, and neutralizing antibody titers. Unexpectedly, DENV transmission from both host species occurred only when serum viremia was undetectable or near the limit of detection. ZIKV replicated in squirrel monkeys to much higher titers than DENV and was transmitted more efficiently but stimulated lower neutralizing antibody titers. Increasing ZIKV viremia led to greater instantaneous transmission and shorter duration of infection, consistent with a replication-clearance trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003 USA
| | - Hélène Cecilia
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003 USA
| | - Sasha R Azar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Brett Moehn
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003 USA
| | - Wanqin Yu
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003 USA
| | - Ruimei Yun
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
| | - Benjamin M Althouse
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003 USA
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
| | - Shannan L Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 USA
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16
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Nakase T, Giovanetti M, Obolski U, Lourenço J. Global transmission suitability maps for dengue virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti from 1981 to 2019. Sci Data 2023; 10:275. [PMID: 37173303 PMCID: PMC10182074 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses increasingly threaten human populations due to accelerating changes in climate, human and mosquito migration, and land use practices. Over the last three decades, the global distribution of dengue has rapidly expanded, causing detrimental health and economic problems in many areas of the world. To develop effective disease control measures and plan for future epidemics, there is an urgent need to map the current and future transmission potential of dengue across both endemic and emerging areas. Expanding and applying Index P, a previously developed mosquito-borne viral suitability measure, we map the global climate-driven transmission potential of dengue virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from 1981 to 2019. This database of dengue transmission suitability maps and an R package for Index P estimations are offered to the public health community as resources towards the identification of past, current and future transmission hotspots. These resources and the studies they facilitate can contribute to the planning of disease control and prevention strategies, especially in areas where surveillance is unreliable or non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Nakase
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University of Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Uri Obolski
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - José Lourenço
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.
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17
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Jagtap S, Pattabiraman C, Sankaradoss A, Krishna S, Roy R. Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1010862. [PMID: 37011104 PMCID: PMC10101646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a hundred thousand dengue cases are diagnosed in India annually, and about half of the country's population carries dengue virus-specific antibodies. Dengue propagates and adapts to the selection pressures imposed by a multitude of factors that can lead to the emergence of new variants. Yet, there has been no systematic analysis of the evolution of the dengue virus in the country. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of all DENV gene sequences collected between 1956 and 2018 from India. We examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of India-specific genotypes, their evolutionary relationship with global and local dengue virus strains, interserotype dynamics and their divergence from the vaccine strains. Our analysis highlights the co-circulation of all DENV serotypes in India with cyclical outbreaks every 3-4 years. Since 2000, genotype III of DENV-1, cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2, genotype III of DENV-3 and genotype I of DENV-4 have been dominating across the country. Substitution rates are comparable across the serotypes, suggesting a lack of serotype-specific evolutionary divergence. Yet, the envelope (E) protein displays strong signatures of evolution under immune selection. Apart from drifting away from its ancestors and other contemporary serotypes in general, we find evidence for recurring interserotype drift towards each other, suggesting selection via cross-reactive antibody-dependent enhancement. We identify the emergence of the highly divergent DENV-4-Id lineage in South India, which has acquired half of all E gene mutations in the antigenic sites. Moreover, the DENV-4-Id is drifting towards DENV-1 and DENV-3 clades, suggesting the role of cross-reactive antibodies in its evolution. Due to the regional restriction of the Indian genotypes and immunity-driven virus evolution in the country, ~50% of all E gene differences with the current vaccines are focused on the antigenic sites. Our study shows how the dengue virus evolution in India is being shaped in complex ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Jagtap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Arun Sankaradoss
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda, India
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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18
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Krokovsky L, Lins CRB, Guedes DRD, Wallau GDL, Ayres CFJ, Paiva MHS. Dynamic of Mayaro Virus Transmission in Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes, and a Mice Model. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030799. [PMID: 36992508 PMCID: PMC10053307 DOI: 10.3390/v15030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is transmitted by Haemagogus spp. mosquitoes and has been circulating in Amazon areas in the North and Central West regions of Brazil since the 1980s, with an increase in human case notifications in the last 10 years. MAYV introduction in urban areas is a public health concern as infections can cause severe symptoms similar to other alphaviruses. Studies with Aedes aegypti have demonstrated the potential vector competence of the species and the detection of MAYV in urban populations of mosquitoes. Considering the two most abundant urban mosquito species in Brazil, we investigated the dynamics of MAYV transmission by Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus in a mice model. Mosquito colonies were artificially fed with blood containing MAYV and infection (IR) and dissemination rates (DR) were evaluated. On the 7th day post-infection (dpi), IFNAR BL/6 mice were made available as a blood source to both mosquito species. After the appearance of clinical signs of infection, a second blood feeding was performed with a new group of non-infected mosquitoes. RT-qPCR and plaque assays were carried out with animal and mosquito tissues to determine IR and DR. For Ae. aegypti, we found an IR of 97.5-100% and a DR reached 100% in both 7 and 14 dpi. While IR and DR for Cx. quinquefasciatus was 13.1-14.81% and 60% to 80%, respectively. A total of 18 mice were used (test = 12 and control = 6) for Ae. aegypti and 12 (test = 8 and control = 4) for Cx. quinquefasciatus to evaluate the mosquito-mice transmission rate. All mice that were bitten by infected Ae. aegypti showed clinical signs of infection while all mice exposed to infected Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes remained healthy. Viremia in the mice from Ae. aegypti group ranged from 2.5 × 108 to 5 × 109 PFU/mL. Ae. aegypti from the second blood feeding showed a 50% IR. Our study showed the applicability of an efficient model to complete arbovirus transmission cycle studies and suggests that the Ae. aegypti population evaluated is a competent vector for MAYV, while highlighting the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti and the possible introduction into urban areas. The mice model employed here is an important tool for arthropod-vector transmission studies with laboratory and field mosquito populations, as well as with other arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krokovsky
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ralph Batista Lins
- Biotério de Criação, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
| | - Duschinka Ribeiro Duarte Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Luz Wallau
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
| | - Constância Flávia Junqueira Ayres
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Campus da UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil
- Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Rodovia BR-104, km 59-Nova Caruaru, Caruaru 55002-970, PE, Brazil
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19
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Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Morrison AC, Paz-Soldan V, Stoddard ST, Koval W, Waller LA, Alex Perkins T, Lloyd AL, Astete H, Elder J, Scott TW, Kitron U. Inapparent infections shape the transmission heterogeneity of dengue. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad024. [PMID: 36909820 PMCID: PMC10003742 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transmission heterogeneity, whereby a disproportionate fraction of pathogen transmission events result from a small number of individuals or geographic locations, is an inherent property of many, if not most, infectious disease systems. For vector-borne diseases, transmission heterogeneity is inferred from the distribution of the number of vectors per host, which could lead to significant bias in situations where vector abundance and transmission risk at the household do not correlate, as is the case with dengue virus (DENV). We used data from a contact tracing study to quantify the distribution of DENV acute infections within human activity spaces (AS), the collection of residential locations an individual routinely visits, and quantified measures of virus transmission heterogeneity from two consecutive dengue outbreaks (DENV-4 and DENV-2) that occurred in the city of Iquitos, Peru. Negative-binomial distributions and Pareto fractions showed evidence of strong overdispersion in the number of DENV infections by AS and identified super-spreading units (SSUs): i.e. AS where most infections occurred. Approximately 8% of AS were identified as SSUs, contributing to more than 50% of DENV infections. SSU occurrence was associated more with DENV-2 infection than with DENV-4, a predominance of inapparent infections (74% of all infections), households with high Aedes aegypti mosquito abundance, and high host susceptibility to the circulating DENV serotype. Marked heterogeneity in dengue case distribution, and the role of inapparent infections in defining it, highlight major challenges faced by reactive interventions if those transmission units contributing the most to transmission are not identified, prioritized, and effectively treated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy C Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valerie Paz-Soldan
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Steven T Stoddard
- Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - William Koval
- Department of Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lance A Waller
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
| | - Alun L Lloyd
- Biomathematics Graduate Program and Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Helvio Astete
- Virology Department, Naval Medical Research Unit-6, Iquitos 16003, Peru
| | - John Elder
- Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Thomas W Scott
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Yadav K, Rana VS, Anjali, Saurav GK, Rawat N, Kumar A, Sunil S, Singh OP, Rajagopal R. Mucin Protein of Aedes aegypti Interacts with Dengue Virus 2 and Influences Viral Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0250322. [PMID: 36847498 PMCID: PMC10101019 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02503-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue, caused by dengue virus (DENV), is the most prevalent vector-borne viral disease, posing a serious health concern to 2.5 billion people worldwide. DENV is primarily transmitted among humans by its mosquito vector Aedes aegypti; hence, the identification of a novel dengue virus receptor in mosquitoes is critical for the development of new anti-mosquito measures. In the current study, we have identified peptides which potentially interact with the surface of the virion particles and facilitate virus infection and movement during their life cycle in the mosquito vector. To identify these candidate proteins, we performed phage-display library screening against domain III of the envelope protein (EDIII), which plays an essential role during host cell receptor binding for viral entry. The mucin protein, which shared sequence similarity with the peptide identified in the screening, was cloned, expressed, and purified for in vitro interaction studies. Using in vitro pulldown and virus overlay protein-binding assay (VOPBA), we confirmed the positive interaction of mucin with purified EDIII and whole virion particles. Finally, blocking of mucin protein with anti-mucin antibodies partially reduced DENV titers in infected mosquitos. Moreover, mucin protein was found to be localized in the midgut of Ae. aegypti. IMPORTANCE Identification of interacting protein partners of DENV in the insect vector Aedes aegypti is crucial for designing vector control-based strategies and for understanding the molecular mechanism DENV uses to modulate the host, gain entry, and survive successfully. Similar proteins can be used in generating transmission-blocking vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Yadav
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Singh Rana
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjali
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Kumar Saurav
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nitish Rawat
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Om P. Singh
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Raman Rajagopal
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Kayesh MEH, Khalil I, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Increasing Dengue Burden and Severe Dengue Risk in Bangladesh: An Overview. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010032. [PMID: 36668939 PMCID: PMC9866424 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans. The geographic range of dengue is expanding, and much like in many other tropical regions of the world, dengue has become a major public health issue in Bangladesh. Until a large epidemic dengue outbreak in 2000, sporadic outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh since 1964. After 2000, varying intensities of dengue activity were observed each year until 2018. However, in 2019, Bangladesh experienced the largest dengue epidemic in its history, with 101,354 dengue cases and 164 dengue-related deaths. Notably, this outbreak occurred in many regions that were previously considered free of the disease. As of 10 December 2022, a total of 60,078 dengue cases and 266 dengue-related deaths were reported in Bangladesh, with the 2022 outbreak being the second largest since 2000. There is an increased genetic diversity of the dengue virus (DENV) in Bangladesh and all four DENV serotypes are prevalent and co-circulating, which increases the risk for severe dengue owing to the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Vector control remains the mainstay of dengue outbreak prevention; however, the vector control programs adopted in Bangladesh seem inadequate, requiring improved vector control strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of DENV infection and the risks for a severe dengue outbreak in Bangladesh. Additionally, we discuss different dengue vector control strategies, from which the most suitable and effective measures can be applied in the context of Bangladesh for tackling future dengue epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.K.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +88-025-506-1677 (M.E.H.K.); +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
| | - Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.K.); (K.T.-K.); Tel.: +88-025-506-1677 (M.E.H.K.); +81-99-285-3589 (K.T.-K.)
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Serrato IM, Moreno-Aguilera D, Caicedo PA, Orobio Y, Ocampo CB, Maestre-Serrano R, Peláez-Carvajal D, Ahumada ML. Vector competence of lambda-cyhalothrin resistant Aedes aegypti strains for dengue-2, Zika and chikungunya viruses in Colombia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276493. [PMID: 36282839 PMCID: PMC9595557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Studies have shown that insecticide resistance affects vector competence (VC) of some mosquito species. This study evaluates the effect of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and kdr V1016I mutation genotypes on the VC of Ae. aegypti strains for DENV-2, ZIKV, and CHIKV. Three Ae. aegypti strains with gradual lambda-cyhalothrin resistance (susceptible, resistant, and highly resistant) were infected with DENV-2, ZIKV, and CHIKV. Individual mosquitoes were tested to detect virus infection in the abdomen and head-salivary glands, using RT-PCR, and genotypes for V1016I mutations using allele-specific PCR. Recorded VC variables were midgut infection rate (MIR), dissemination rate (DIR), and dissemination efficiency (DIE). Lambda-cyhalothrin resistance affects differentially VC variables for ZIKV, DENV-2, and CHIKV. For ZIKV, an apparent gradual increase in DIR and DIE with the increase in insecticide resistance was observed. For DENV-2 the MIR and DIE were higher in insecticide resistant strains. For CHIKV, only MIR could be evaluated, this variable was higher in insecticide resistance strains. The presence of kdr V1016I mutation on mosquito resistant strains did not affect VC variables for three study viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalba M. Serrato
- Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Fundación Salutia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Diana Moreno-Aguilera
- Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Fundación Salutia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Paola A. Caicedo
- Natural Science Faculty, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Yenifer Orobio
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas-CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
| | - Clara B. Ocampo
- Vector, Biology and Control Unit. Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas-CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
- Dirección de Vocaciones y Formación, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación, Minciencias, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Ronald Maestre-Serrano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | | | - Martha L. Ahumada
- Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Marinho RDSS, Duro RLS, Mota MTDO, Hunter J, Diaz RS, Kawakubo FS, Komninakis SV. Environmental Changes and the Impact on the Human Infections by Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Viruses in Northern Brazil, 2010-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912665. [PMID: 36231964 PMCID: PMC9566075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes are among the main factors that contribute to the emergence or re-emergence of viruses of public health importance. Here, we show the impact of environmental modifications on cases of infections by the dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses in humans in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, between the years 2010 and 2019. We conducted a descriptive and principal component analysis (PCA) to explore the main trends in environmental modifications and in the cases of human infections caused by these arboviruses in Tocantins. Our analysis demonstrated that the occurrence of El Niño, deforestation in the Cerrado and maximum temperatures had correlations with the cases of infections by the Zika virus between 2014 and 2016. El Niño, followed by La Niña, a gradual increase in precipitation and the maximum temperature observed between 2015 and 2017 were shown to have contributed to the infections by the chikungunya virus. La Niña and precipitation were associated with infections by the dengue virus between 2010 and 2012 and El Niño contributed to the 2019 outbreak observed within the state. By PCA, deforestation, temperatures and El Niño were the most important variables related to cases of dengue in humans. We conclude from this analysis that environmental changes (deforestation and climate change) presented a strong influence on the human infections caused by the dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses in Tocantins from 2010 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Hunter
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Fernando Shinji Kawakubo
- Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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AG129 Mice as a Comprehensive Model for the Experimental Assessment of Mosquito Vector Competence for Arboviruses. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080879. [PMID: 36015000 PMCID: PMC9412449 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses (an acronym for “arthropod-borne virus”), such as dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and Chikungunya, are important human pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes. These viruses impose a growing burden on public health. Despite laboratory mice having been used for decades for understanding the basic biological phenomena of these viruses, it was only recently that researchers started to develop immunocompromised animals to study the pathogenesis of arboviruses and their transmission in a way that parallels natural cycles. Here, we show that the AG129 mouse (IFN α/β/γ R−/−) is a suitable and comprehensive vertebrate model for studying the mosquito vector competence for the major arboviruses of medical importance, namely the dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). We found that, after intraperitoneal injection, AG129 mice developed a transient viremia lasting several days, peaking on day two or three post infection, for all five arboviruses tested in this study. Furthermore, we found that the observed viremia was ample enough to infect Aedes aegypti during a blood meal from the AG129 infected mice. Finally, we demonstrated that infected mosquitoes could transmit each of the tested arboviruses back to naïve AG129 mice, completing a full transmission cycle of these vector-borne viruses. Together, our data show that A129 mice are a simple and comprehensive vertebrate model for studies of vector competence, as well as investigations into other aspects of mosquito biology that can affect virus–host interactions.
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Arguni E, Indriani C, Rahayu A, Supriyati E, Yohan B, Hayati RF, Wardana S, Tantowijoyo W, Anshari MR, Rahayu E, Ahmad RA, Utarini A, Simmons CP, Sasmono RT. Dengue virus population genetics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia prior to city-wide Wolbachia deployment. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105308. [PMID: 35644356 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dengue has been endemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia for decades. Here, we report the dengue epidemiology, entomology, and virology in Yogyakarta in 2016-2017, prior to the commencement of the Applying Wolbachia to Eliminate Dengue (AWED) randomized trial. Dengue epidemiological data were compiled and blood samples from dengue-suspected patients were tested for dengue virus (DENV). Ae. aegypti mosquito samples were caught from the field using BG-Sentinel traps and tested for the presence of DENV infection. Sequencing of the DENV E gene was used to determine the phylogeny and genotypes of circulating DENV. Within the last decade, the 2016-2017 dengue incidence was considered very high. Among the 649 plasma samples collected between March 2016-February 2017; and 36,910 mosquito samples collected between December 2016-May 2017, a total of 197 and 38 samples were DENV-positive by qRT-PCR, respectively. All four DENV serotypes were detected, with DENV-3 (n = 88; 44.67%) and DENV-1 (n = 87; 44.16%) as the predominant serotype, followed by DENV-4 (n = 12; 6.09%) and DENV-2 (n = 10; 5.08%). The Yogyakarta DENV-1 isolates were classified into Genotype I and IV, while DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 isolates were classified into the Cosmopolitan genotype, Genotype I, and Genotype II, respectively. Yogyakarta DENV isolates were closely related to Indonesian strains from neighboring Javanese cities, consistent with the endemic circulation of DENV on this highly populous island. Our study provides comprehensive baseline information on the DENV population genetic characteristics in Yogyakarta, which are useful as baseline data for the AWED trial and the future DENV surveillance in the city in the presence of a Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eggi Arguni
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Citra Indriani
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ayu Rahayu
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endah Supriyati
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Rahma F Hayati
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Satrio Wardana
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Tantowijoyo
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridwan Anshari
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Rahayu
- Disease Control Department, Yogyakarta District Health Office, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riris Andono Ahmad
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adi Utarini
- World Mosquito Program Yogyakarta, Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - R Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Abduljalil JM, Abd Al Galil FM. Molecular pathogenesis of dengue virus infection in Aedes mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 138:104367. [PMID: 35131236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aedes mosquitoes are implicated in the transmission of several viruses, including Dengue virus (DENV) to millions of people worldwide. The global expansion of Aedes mosquitos'habitats creates a desperate need for control mechanisms with minimum negative effects. Deciphering the molecular interactions between DENV and its vector is a promising field to develop such efficient control strategies. As soon as the viremic blood is ingested by the mosquito, DENV is encountered by different innate immunity responses. During the past three decades, different pathways of innate immunity have been identified in Aedes spp. Recognition of viral molecular patterns, including viral RNA, and vector attempts to resist DENV infection are the most important defense mechanisms. Crosstalk between innate immune pathways and redundancy of anti-DENV responses become more evident as research progresses. The viral evasion and repression of vector immune response are increasingly being discovered. Such viral strategies are potential targets to be disrupted in order to limit DENV infection and spread. Vector-related non-immune factors such as gut microbiota can also be tapped for efficient control of DENV infection in Aedes mosquito's populations without affecting their fitness. Current trends in controlling DENV in its vector are exploring the potentials of using genetically engineered mosquitoes via RNA-based systems to degrade DENV genome once released into the midgut cells cytoplasm at the early phase of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M Abduljalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Thamar University, B.O. Box: 87246, Yemen.
| | - Fahd M Abd Al Galil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Thamar University, B.O. Box: 87246, Yemen; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, B.O. Box: 551, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
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Combination of GC-MS Molecular Networking and Larvicidal Effect against Aedes aegypti for the Discovery of Bioactive Substances in Commercial Essential Oils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051588. [PMID: 35268689 PMCID: PMC8912102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a neglected disease, present mainly in tropical countries, with more than 5.2 million cases reported in 2019. Vector control remains the most effective protective measure against dengue and other arboviruses. Synthetic insecticides based on organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, neonicotinoids and oxadiazines are unattractive due to their high degree of toxicity to humans, animals and the environment. Conversely, natural-product-based larvicides/insecticides, such as essential oils, present high efficiency, low environmental toxicity and can be easily scaled up for industrial processes. However, essential oils are highly complex and require modern analytical and computational approaches to streamline the identification of bioactive substances. This study combined the GC-MS spectral similarity network approach with larvicidal assays as a new strategy for the discovery of potential bioactive substances in complex biological samples, enabling the systematic and simultaneous annotation of substances in 20 essential oils through LC50 larvicidal assays. This strategy allowed rapid intuitive discovery of distribution patterns between families and metabolic classes in clusters, and the prediction of larvicidal properties of acyclic monoterpene derivatives, including citral, neral, citronellal and citronellol, and their acetate forms (LC50 < 50 µg/mL).
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Rani JMJ, Kalaimathi K, Vijayakumar S, Varatharaju G, Karthikeyan K, Thiyagarajan G, Bhavani K, Manogar P, Prabhu S. Anti-viral effectuality of plant polyphenols against mutated dengue protein NS2B47-NS3: A computational exploration. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Enriquez GF, Bua J, Orozco MM, Macchiaverna NP, Otegui JAA, Argibay HD, Fernández MDP, Gürtler RE, Cardinal MV. Over-dispersed Trypanosoma cruzi parasite load in sylvatic and domestic mammals and humans from northeastern Argentina. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:37. [PMID: 35073983 PMCID: PMC8785451 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of parasite load across hosts may modify the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. Chagas disease is caused by a multi-host protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, but the association between host parasitemia and infectiousness to the vector has not been studied in sylvatic mammalian hosts. We quantified T. cruzi parasite load in sylvatic mammals, modeled the association of the parasite load with infectiousness to the vector and compared these results with previous ones for local domestic hosts. METHODS The bloodstream parasite load in each of 28 naturally infected sylvatic mammals from six species captured in northern Argentina was assessed by quantitative PCR, and its association with infectiousness to the triatomine Triatoma infestans was evaluated, as determined by natural or artificial xenodiagnosis. These results were compared with our previous results for 88 humans, 70 dogs and 13 cats, and the degree of parasite over-dispersion was quantified and non-linear models fitted to data on host infectiousness and bloodstream parasite load. RESULTS The parasite loads of Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum) and Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) were directly and significantly associated with infectiousness of the host and were up to 190-fold higher than those in domestic hosts. Parasite load was aggregated across host species, as measured by the negative binomial parameter, k, and found to be substantially higher in white-eared opossums, cats, dogs and nine-banded armadillos (range: k = 0.3-0.5) than in humans (k = 5.1). The distribution of bloodstream parasite load closely followed the "80-20 rule" in every host species examined. However, the 20% of human hosts, domestic mammals or sylvatic mammals exhibiting the highest parasite load accounted for 49, 25 and 33% of the infected triatomines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the use of bloodstream parasite load as a proxy of reservoir host competence and individual transmissibility. The over-dispersed distribution of T. cruzi bloodstream load implies the existence of a fraction of highly infectious hosts that could be targeted to improve vector-borne transmission control efforts toward interruption transmission. Combined strategies that decrease the parasitemia and/or host-vector contact with these hosts would disproportionally contribute to T. cruzi transmission control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fabián Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jacqueline Bua
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chabén, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. C.G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Marcela Orozco
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paula Macchiaverna
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Antonio Alvarado Otegui
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Darío Argibay
- Laboratorio de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Esteban Gürtler
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Victoria Cardinal
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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de Oliveira AS, Vasconcellos AF, Rodrigues BMP, da Silva LA, Resende RO, Ribeiro BM. Chikungunya virus produced by a persistently infected mosquito cell line comprises a shorter genome and is non-infectious to mammalian cells. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34878970 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although RNA viruses have high mutation rates, host cells and organisms work as selective environments, maintaining the viability of virus populations by eliminating deleterious genotypes. In serial passages of RNA viruses in a single cell line, most of these selective bottlenecks are absent, with no virus circulation and replication in different tissues or host alternation. In this work, Aedes aegypti Aag-2 cells were accidentally infected with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV). After numerous passages to achieve infection persistency, the infectivity of these viruses was evaluated in Ae. albopictus C6/36 cells, African green monkey Vero cells and primary-cultured human fibroblasts. While these CHIKV and MAYV isolates were still infectious to mosquito cells, they lost their ability to infect mammalian cells. After genome sequencing, it was observed that CHIKV accumulated many nonsynonymous mutations and a significant deletion in the coding sequence of the hypervariable domain in the nsP3 gene. Since MAYV showed very low titres, it was not sequenced successfully. Persistently infected Aag-2 cells also accumulated high loads of short and recombinant CHIKV RNAs, which seemed to have been originated from virus-derived DNAs. In conclusion, the genome of this CHIKV isolate could guide mutagenesis strategies for the production of attenuated or non-infectious (to mammals) CHIKV vaccine candidates. Our results also reinforce that a paradox is expected during passages of cells persistently infected by RNA viruses: more loosening for the development of more diverse virus genotypes and more pressure for virus specialization to this constant cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos S de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno M P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A da Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Renato O Resende
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bergmann M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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31
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Xu Y, Zhong Z, Ren Y, Ma L, Ye Z, Gao C, Wang J, Li Y. Antiviral RNA interference in disease vector (Asian longhorned) ticks. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010119. [PMID: 34860862 PMCID: PMC8673602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks play a major role in the emergence and re-emergence of human and animal viral pathogens. Compared to mosquitoes, however, much less is known about the antiviral responses of ticks. Here we showed that Asian longhorned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis) produced predominantly 22-nucleotide virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs) in response to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV, an emerging tick-borne virus), Nodamura virus (NoV), or Sindbis virus (SINV) acquired by blood feeding. Notably, experimental acquisition of NoV and SINV by intrathoracic injection also initiated viral replication and triggered the production of vsiRNAs in H. longicornis. We demonstrated that a mutant NoV deficient in expressing its viral suppressor of RNAi (VSR) replicated to significantly lower levels than wildtype NoV in H. longicornis, but accumulated to higher levels after knockdown of the tick Dicer2-like protein identified by phylogeny comparison. Moreover, the expression of a panel of known animal VSRs in cis from the genome of SINV drastically enhanced the accumulation of the recombinant viruses. This study establishes a novel model for virus-vector-mouse experiments with longhorned ticks and provides the first in vivo evidence for an antiviral function of the RNAi response in ticks. Interestingly, comparing the accumulation levels of SINV recombinants expressing green fluorescent protein or SFTSV proteins identified the viral non-structural protein as a putative VSR. Elucidating the function of ticks’ antiviral RNAi pathway in vivo is critical to understand the virus-host interaction and the control of tick-borne viral pathogens. Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are the most common illnesses transmitted by ticks, and the annual number of reported TBD cases continues to increase. The Asian longhorned tick, a vector associated with at least 30 human pathogens, is native to eastern Asia and recently reached the USA as an emerging disease threat. Newly identified tick-transmitted pathogens continue to be reported, raising concerns about how TBDs occur. Interestingly, tick can harbor pathogens without being affected themselves. For viral infections, ticks have their own immune systems that protect them from infection. Meanwhile, tick-borne viruses have evolved to avoid these defenses as they establish themselves within the vector. Here, we show in detail that infecting longhorned ticks with distinct arthropod-borne RNA viruses through two approaches natural blood feeding and injection, all induce the production of vsiRNAs. Dicer2-like homolog plays a role in regulating antiviral RNAi responses as knocking down of this gene enhanced viral replication. Furthermore, we demonstrate that tick antiviral RNAi responses are inhibited through expression heterologous VSR proteins in recombinant SINV. We identify both the virus and tick factors are critical components to understanding TBDs. Importantly, our study introduces a novel, in vivo virus-vector-mouse model system for exploring TBDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (YL)
| | - Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (YL)
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32
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Rashkov P, Kooi BW. Complexity of host-vector dynamics in a two-strain dengue model. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2021; 15:35-72. [PMID: 33357025 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2020.1864038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a compartmental host-vector model for dengue with two viral strains, temporary cross-immunity for the hosts, and possible secondary infections. We study the conditions on existence of endemic equilibria where one strain displaces the other or the two virus strains co-exist. Since the host and vector epidemiology follow different time scales, the model is described as a slow-fast system. We use the geometric singular perturbation technique to reduce the model dimension. We compare the behaviour of the full model with that of the model with a quasi-steady approximation for the vector dynamics. We also perform numerical bifurcation analysis with parameter values from the literature and compare the bifurcation structure to that of previous two-strain host-only models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rashkov
- Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bob W Kooi
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Najeebullah K, Liebig J, Darbro J, Jurdak R, Paini D. Timely surveillance and temporal calibration of disease response against human infectious diseases. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258332. [PMID: 34662353 PMCID: PMC8523075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease surveillance and response are critical components of epidemic preparedness. The disease response, in most cases, is a set of reactive measures that follow the outcomes of the disease surveillance. Hence, timely surveillance is a prerequisite for an effective response. Methodology/principal findings We apply epidemiological soundness criteria in combination with the Latent Influence Point Process and time-to-event models to construct a disease spread network. The network implicitly quantifies the fertility (whether a case leads to secondary cases) and reproduction (number of secondary cases per infectious case) of the cases as well as the size and generations (of the infection chain) of the outbreaks. We test our approach by applying it to historic dengue case data from Australia. Using the data, we empirically confirm that high morbidity relates positively with delay in disease response. Moreover, we identify what constitutes timely surveillance by applying various thresholds of disease response delay to the network and report their impact on case fertility, reproduction, number of generations and ultimately, outbreak size. We observe that enforcing a response delay threshold of 5 days leads to a large average reduction across all parameters (occurrence 87%, reproduction 83%, outbreak size 80% and outbreak generations 47%), whereas extending the threshold to 10 days, in comparison, significantly limits the effectiveness of the response actions. Lastly, we identify the components of the disease surveillance system that can be calibrated to achieve the identified thresholds. Conclusion We identify practically achievable, timely surveillance thresholds (on temporal scale) that lead to an effective response and identify how they can be satisfied. Our approach can be utilized to provide guidelines on spatially and demographically targeted resource allocation for public awareness campaigns as well as to improve diagnostic abilities and turn-around times for the doctors and laboratories involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Najeebullah
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Liebig
- Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, Australia
| | - Jonathan Darbro
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raja Jurdak
- Department of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dean Paini
- Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, Australia
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34
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Rox K, Heyner M, Krull J, Harmrolfs K, Rinne V, Hokkanen J, Perez Vilaro G, Díez J, Müller R, Kröger A, Sugiyama Y, Brönstrup M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for the Treatment of Dengue Infections Applied to the Broad Spectrum Antiviral Soraphen A. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1499-1513. [PMID: 34661071 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While a drug treatment is unavailable, the global incidence of Dengue virus (DENV) infections and its associated severe manifestations continues to rise. We report the construction of the first physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model that predicts viremia levels in relevant target organs based on preclinical data with the broad spectrum antiviral soraphen A (SorA), an inhibitor of the host cell target acetyl-CoA-carboxylase. SorA was highly effective against DENV in vitro (EC50 = 4.7 nM) and showed in vivo efficacy by inducing a significant reduction of viral load in the spleen and liver of IFNAR-/- mice infected with DENV-2. PBPK/PD predictions for SorA matched well with the experimental infection data. Transfer to a human PBPK/PD model for DENV to mimic a clinical scenario predicted a reduction in viremia by more than one log10 unit for an intravenous infusion regimen of SorA. The PBPK/PD model is applicable to any DENV drug lead and, thus, represents a valuable tool to accelerate and facilitate DENV drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maxi Heyner
- Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jana Krull
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harmrolfs
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Gemma Perez Vilaro
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Díez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rolf Müller
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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35
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A pan-serotype dengue virus inhibitor targeting the NS3-NS4B interaction. Nature 2021; 598:504-509. [PMID: 34616043 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus causes approximately 96 million symptomatic infections annually, manifesting as dengue fever or occasionally as severe dengue1,2. There are no antiviral agents available to prevent or treat dengue. Here, we describe a highly potent dengue virus inhibitor (JNJ-A07) that exerts nanomolar to picomolar activity against a panel of 21 clinical isolates that represent the natural genetic diversity of known genotypes and serotypes. The molecule has a high barrier to resistance and prevents the formation of the viral replication complex by blocking the interaction between two viral proteins (NS3 and NS4B), thus revealing a previously undescribed mechanism of antiviral action. JNJ-A07 has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile that results in outstanding efficacy against dengue virus infection in mouse infection models. Delaying start of treatment until peak viraemia results in a rapid and significant reduction in viral load. An analogue is currently in further development.
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36
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Brady OJ, Kucharski AJ, Funk S, Jafari Y, Loock MV, Herrera-Taracena G, Menten J, Edmunds WJ, Sim S, Ng LC, Hué S, Hibberd ML. Case-area targeted interventions (CATI) for reactive dengue control: Modelling effectiveness of vector control and prophylactic drugs in Singapore. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009562. [PMID: 34379641 PMCID: PMC8357181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting interventions to areas that have recently experienced cases of disease is one strategy to contain outbreaks of infectious disease. Such case-area targeted interventions (CATI) have become an increasingly popular approach for dengue control but there is little evidence to suggest how precisely targeted or how recent cases need to be, to mount an effective response. The growing interest in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic drugs for dengue has also given new relevance for CATI strategies to interrupt transmission or deliver early treatment. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we develop a patch-based mathematical model of spatial dengue spread and fit it to spatiotemporal datasets from Singapore. Simulations from this model suggest CATI strategies could be effective, particularly if used in lower density areas. To maximise effectiveness, increasing the size of the radius around an index case should be prioritised even if it results in delays in the intervention being applied. This is partially because large intervention radii ensure individuals receive multiple and regular rounds of drug dosing or vector control, and thus boost overall coverage. Given equivalent efficacy, CATIs using prophylactic drugs are predicted to be more effective than adult mosquito-killing vector control methods and may even offer the possibility of interrupting individual chains of transmission if rapidly deployed. CATI strategies quickly lose their effectiveness if baseline transmission increases or case detection rates fall. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest CATI strategies can play an important role in dengue control but are likely to be most relevant for low transmission areas where high coverage of other non-reactive interventions already exists. Controlled field trials are needed to assess the field efficacy and practical constraints of large operational CATI strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Brady
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Kucharski
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Funk
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yalda Jafari
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marnix Van Loock
- Janssen Global Public Health, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Herrera-Taracena
- Janssen Global Public Health, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Horsham, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joris Menten
- Quantitative Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W. John Edmunds
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shuzhen Sim
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stéphane Hué
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin L. Hibberd
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Moquin SA, Simon O, Karuna R, Lakshminarayana SB, Yokokawa F, Wang F, Saravanan C, Zhang J, Day CW, Chan K, Wang QY, Lu S, Dong H, Wan KF, Lim SP, Liu W, Seh CC, Chen YL, Xu H, Barkan DT, Kounde CS, Sim WLS, Wang G, Yeo HQ, Zou B, Chan WL, Ding M, Song JG, Li M, Osborne C, Blasco F, Sarko C, Beer D, Bonamy GMC, Sasseville VG, Shi PY, Diagana TT, Yeung BKS, Gu F. NITD-688, a pan-serotype inhibitor of the dengue virus NS4B protein, shows favorable pharmacokinetics and efficacy in preclinical animal models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/579/eabb2181. [PMID: 33536278 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that poses a threat to public health, yet no antiviral drug is available. We performed a high-throughput phenotypic screen using the Novartis compound library and identified candidate chemical inhibitors of DENV. This chemical series was optimized to improve properties such as anti-DENV potency and solubility. The lead compound, NITD-688, showed strong potency against all four serotypes of DENV and demonstrated excellent oral efficacy in infected AG129 mice. There was a 1.44-log reduction in viremia when mice were treated orally at 30 milligrams per kilogram twice daily for 3 days starting at the time of infection. NITD-688 treatment also resulted in a 1.16-log reduction in viremia when mice were treated 48 hours after infection. Selection of resistance mutations and binding studies with recombinant proteins indicated that the nonstructural protein 4B is the target of NITD-688. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats and dogs showed a long elimination half-life and good oral bioavailability. Extensive in vitro safety profiling along with exploratory rat and dog toxicology studies showed that NITD-688 was well tolerated after 7-day repeat dosing, demonstrating that NITD-688 may be a promising preclinical candidate for the treatment of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Moquin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.,Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Oliver Simon
- Novartis (Singapore) Pte Ltd, Singapore 117432, Singapore
| | - Ratna Karuna
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | | | - Fumiaki Yokokawa
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Chandra Saravanan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine: Preclinical Safety, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine: Pharmacokinetics, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Craig W Day
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Katherine Chan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Qing-Yin Wang
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Siyan Lu
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Hongping Dong
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Kah Fei Wan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Siew Pheng Lim
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Cheah Chen Seh
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Yen-Liang Chen
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Haoying Xu
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - David T Barkan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Cyrille S Kounde
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | | | - Gang Wang
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Hui-Quan Yeo
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Bin Zou
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Wai Ling Chan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Mei Ding
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | - Jae-Geun Song
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Min Li
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Colin Osborne
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Francesca Blasco
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | | | - David Beer
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | | | - Vito G Sasseville
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine: Preclinical Safety, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore
| | | | - Bryan K S Yeung
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Singapore 138670, Singapore.
| | - Feng Gu
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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38
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Zhao S, Musa SS, Meng J, Qin J, He D. The long-term changing dynamics of dengue infectivity in Guangdong, China, from 2008-2018: a modelling analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 114:62-71. [PMID: 31638154 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue remains a severe threat to public health in tropical and subtropical regions. In China, over 85% of domestic dengue cases are in the Guangdong province and there were 53 139 reported cases during 2008-2018. In Guangdong, the 2014 dengue outbreak was the largest in the last 20 y and it was probably triggered by a new strain imported from other regions. METHODS We studied the long-term patterns of dengue infectivity in Guangdong from 2008-2018 and compared the infectivity estimates across different periods. RESULTS We found that the annual epidemics approximately followed exponential growth during 2011-2014. The transmission rates were at a low level during 2008-2012, significantly increased 1.43-fold [1.22, 1.69] during 2013-2014 and then decreased back to a low level after 2015. By using the mosquito index and the likelihood-inference approach, we found that the new strain most likely invaded Guangdong in April 2014. CONCLUSIONS The long-term changing dynamics of dengue infectivity are associated with the new dengue virus strain invasion and public health control programmes. The increase in infectiousness indicates the potential for dengue to go from being imported to becoming an endemic in Guangdong, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Salihu S Musa
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayi Meng
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Qin
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daihai He
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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39
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Abstract
In nature, insects face a constant threat of infection by numerous exogeneous viruses, and their intestinal tracts are the predominant ports of entry. Insects can acquire these viruses orally during either blood feeding by hematophagous insects or sap sucking and foliage feeding by insect herbivores. However, the insect intestinal tract forms several physical and immunological barriers to defend against viral invasion, including cell intrinsic antiviral immunity, the peritrophic matrix and the mucin layer, and local symbiotic microorganisms. Whether an infection can be successfully established in the intestinal tract depends on the complex interactions between viruses and those barriers. In this review, we summarize recent progress on virus-intestinal tract interplay in insects, in which various underlying mechanisms derived from nutritional status, dynamics of symbiotic microorganisms, and virus-encoded components play intricate roles in the regulation of virus invasion in the intestinal tract, either directly or indirectly. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 8 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhao Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; .,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.,Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; .,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China.,Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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40
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Lin JJ, Chung PJ, Dai SS, Tsai WT, Lin YF, Kuo YP, Tsai KN, Chien CH, Tsai DJ, Wu MS, Shu PY, Yueh A, Chen HW, Chen CH, Yu GY. Aggressive organ penetration and high vector transmissibility of epidemic dengue virus-2 Cosmopolitan genotype in a transmission mouse model. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009480. [PMID: 33784371 PMCID: PMC8034735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes dengue fever and severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes. The incidence of DENV infection has been gradually increasing in recent years due to global urbanization and international travel. Understanding the virulence determinants in host and vector transmissibility of emerging epidemic DENV will be critical to combat potential outbreaks. The DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2), which caused a widespread outbreak in Taiwan in 2015 (TW2015), is of the Cosmopolitan genotype and is phylogenetically related to the virus strain linked to another large outbreak in Indonesia in 2015. We found that the TW2015 virus was highly virulent in type I and type II interferon-deficient mice, with robust replication in spleen, lung, and intestine. The TW2015 virus also had high transmissibility to Aedes mosquitoes and could be effectively spread in a continuous mosquitoes-mouse-mosquitoes-mouse transmission cycle. By making 16681-based mutants carrying different segments of the TW2015 virus, we identified the structural pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes as key virulence determinants in the host, with involvement in the high transmissibility of the TW2015 virus in mosquitoes. The transmission mouse model will make a useful platform for evaluation of DENV with high epidemic potential and development of new strategies against dengue outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhe-Jhih Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Chung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Syong Dai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Nan Tsai
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chien
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - De-Jiun Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sian Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Shu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Yueh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HC); (G-YY)
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HC); (G-YY)
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41
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Aubry F, Dabo S, Manet C, Filipović I, Rose NH, Miot EF, Martynow D, Baidaliuk A, Merkling SH, Dickson LB, Crist AB, Anyango VO, Romero-Vivas CM, Vega-Rúa A, Dusfour I, Jiolle D, Paupy C, Mayanja MN, Lutwama JJ, Kohl A, Duong V, Ponlawat A, Sylla M, Akorli J, Otoo S, Lutomiah J, Sang R, Mutebi JP, Cao-Lormeau VM, Jarman RG, Diagne CT, Faye O, Faye O, Sall AA, McBride CS, Montagutelli X, Rašić G, Lambrechts L. Enhanced Zika virus susceptibility of globally invasive Aedes aegypti populations. Science 2021; 370:991-996. [PMID: 33214283 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The drivers and patterns of zoonotic virus emergence in the human population are poorly understood. The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a major arbovirus vector native to Africa that invaded most of the world's tropical belt over the past four centuries, after the evolution of a "domestic" form that specialized in biting humans and breeding in water storage containers. Here, we show that human specialization and subsequent spread of A. aegypti out of Africa were accompanied by an increase in its intrinsic ability to acquire and transmit the emerging human pathogen Zika virus. Thus, the recent evolution and global expansion of A. aegypti promoted arbovirus emergence not solely through increased vector-host contact but also as a result of enhanced vector susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Aubry
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dabo
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Manet
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Igor Filipović
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Noah H Rose
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Elliott F Miot
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Daria Martynow
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Artem Baidaliuk
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sarah H Merkling
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laura B Dickson
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Anna B Crist
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Victor O Anyango
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Claudia M Romero-Vivas
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Medicina, Fundación Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity Unit, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Vector Control and Adaptation, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopole Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Davy Jiolle
- MIVEGEC, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Martin N Mayanja
- Department of Arbovirology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Julius J Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Alongkot Ponlawat
- Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Massamba Sylla
- Unité d'Entomologie, de Bactériologie, de Virologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sampson Otoo
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- Arbovirus/Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory, Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John-Paul Mutebi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Cheikh T Diagne
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou A Sall
- Institut Pasteur Dakar, Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Carolyn S McBride
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Gordana Rašić
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.
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Schaber KL, Perkins TA, Lloyd AL, Waller LA, Kitron U, Paz-Soldan VA, Elder JP, Rothman AL, Civitello DJ, Elson WH, Morrison AC, Scott TW, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Disease-driven reduction in human mobility influences human-mosquito contacts and dengue transmission dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008627. [PMID: 33465065 PMCID: PMC7845972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous exposure to mosquitoes determines an individual’s contribution to vector-borne pathogen transmission. Particularly for dengue virus (DENV), there is a major difficulty in quantifying human-vector contacts due to the unknown coupled effect of key heterogeneities. To test the hypothesis that the reduction of human out-of-home mobility due to dengue illness will significantly influence population-level dynamics and the structure of DENV transmission chains, we extended an existing modeling framework to include social structure, disease-driven mobility reductions, and heterogeneous transmissibility from different infectious groups. Compared to a baseline model, naïve to human pre-symptomatic infectiousness and disease-driven mobility changes, a model including both parameters predicted an increase of 37% in the probability of a DENV outbreak occurring; a model including mobility change alone predicted a 15.5% increase compared to the baseline model. At the individual level, models including mobility change led to a reduction of the importance of out-of-home onward transmission (R, the fraction of secondary cases predicted to be generated by an individual) by symptomatic individuals (up to -62%) at the expense of an increase in the relevance of their home (up to +40%). An individual’s positive contribution to R could be predicted by a GAM including a non-linear interaction between an individual’s biting suitability and the number of mosquitoes in their home (>10 mosquitoes and 0.6 individual attractiveness significantly increased R). We conclude that the complex fabric of social relationships and differential behavioral response to dengue illness cause the fraction of symptomatic DENV infections to concentrate transmission in specific locations, whereas asymptomatic carriers (including individuals in their pre-symptomatic period) move the virus throughout the landscape. Our findings point to the difficulty of focusing vector control interventions reactively on the home of symptomatic individuals, as this approach will fail to contain virus propagation by visitors to their house and asymptomatic carriers. Human mobility patterns can play an integral role in vector-borne disease dynamics by characterizing an individual’s potential contacts with disease-transmitting vectors. Dengue virus is transmitted by a sedentary vector, but human mobility allows individuals to have contact with mosquitoes at their home and other houses they frequent (their activity space). When accounting for the decreased mobility of symptomatic dengue cases in an agent-based simulation model, however, we found a severely diminished role of the activity space in onward transmission. Those who received the majority of their mosquito contacts outside their home experienced decreases in expected bites and onward transmission when mobility changes were accounted for. Onward transmission was driven by a synergistic relationship between the number of mosquitoes in an individual’s home and their biting suitability, where even those with the highest biting suitability would have limited contribution to transmission given a low number of household mosquitoes. Reactive vector control, which often targets symptomatic cases, could be effective for slowing onward transmission from these cases, but will fail to control virus transmission due to the disproportionate contribution of asymptomatic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Schaber
- Program of Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alun L. Lloyd
- Biomathematics Graduate Program and Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lance A. Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Valerie A. Paz-Soldan
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Elder
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alan L. Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - David J. Civitello
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William H. Elson
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec
- Program of Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Leach CB, Hoeting JA, Pepin KM, Eiras AE, Hooten MB, Webb CT. Linking mosquito surveillance to dengue fever through Bayesian mechanistic modeling. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008868. [PMID: 33226987 PMCID: PMC7721181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to effectively prevent the transmission of the dengue virus through targeted control of its vector, Aedes aegypti, depends critically on our understanding of the link between mosquito abundance and human disease risk. Mosquito and clinical surveillance data are widely collected, but linking them requires a modeling framework that accounts for the complex non-linear mechanisms involved in transmission. Most critical are the bottleneck in transmission imposed by mosquito lifespan relative to the virus' extrinsic incubation period, and the dynamics of human immunity. We developed a differential equation model of dengue transmission and embedded it in a Bayesian hierarchical framework that allowed us to estimate latent time series of mosquito demographic rates from mosquito trap counts and dengue case reports from the city of Vitória, Brazil. We used the fitted model to explore how the timing of a pulse of adult mosquito control influences its effect on the human disease burden in the following year. We found that control was generally more effective when implemented in periods of relatively low mosquito mortality (when mosquito abundance was also generally low). In particular, control implemented in early September (week 34 of the year) produced the largest reduction in predicted human case reports over the following year. This highlights the potential long-term utility of broad, off-peak-season mosquito control in addition to existing, locally targeted within-season efforts. Further, uncertainty in the effectiveness of control interventions was driven largely by posterior variation in the average mosquito mortality rate (closely tied to total mosquito abundance) with lower mosquito mortality generating systems more vulnerable to control. Broadly, these correlations suggest that mosquito control is most effective in situations in which transmission is already limited by mosquito abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton B. Leach
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Hoeting
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kim M. Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alvaro E. Eiras
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Colleen T. Webb
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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44
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Matangkasombut P, Manopwisedjaroen K, Pitabut N, Thaloengsok S, Suraamornkul S, Yingtaweesak T, Duong V, Sakuntabhai A, Paul R, Singhasivanon P. Dengue viremia kinetics in asymptomatic and symptomatic infection. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 101:90-97. [PMID: 32992011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue infection is a global health threat. While symptomatic cases contribute to morbidity and mortality, the majority of infected people are asymptomatic but serve as an important reservoir. However, the kinetics of viremia in asymptomatic infections remains unknown. METHODS We enrolled 279 hospital-based symptomatic index cases and quantified dengue virus (DENV) RNA at enrollment and at the day of defervescence. To identify asymptomatic cases, 175 household members of index cases were monitored for clinical symptoms during follow-up, and blood was taken twice weekly to test for and quantify DENV RNA until cleared. RESULTS We detected DENV in thirteen asymptomatic household members (7.43%). Their DENV serotypes were primarily the same as those of their family index cases. The median peak DENV viremia in asymptomatic subjects was lower than that of symptomatic individuals during the febrile phase, and the viral decay rate was slower in asymptomatic infections. CONCLUSIONS DENV level and kinetics in asymptomatic individuals differed significantly from those of symptomatic cases. Despite the lower viremia, the slower decay rate in asymptomatic infections could lead to their prolonging the infectious reservoir. The improvement of transmission control to prevent such long-lived asymptomatic infections from transmitting the DENV is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponpan Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Nada Pitabut
- Office of Research Services, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasikanya Thaloengsok
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Institut Pasteur, Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, UMR 2000 (CNRS), Paris 75015, France
| | - Richard Paul
- Institut Pasteur, Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, UMR 2000 (CNRS), Paris 75015, France
| | - Pratap Singhasivanon
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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45
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Goncalves DDS, Hue KDT, Thuy VT, Tuyet NV, Thi GN, Thi Thuy VH, Xuan THT, Thi DL, Vo LT, Le Anh Huy H, Van Thuy NT, Wills BA, Thanh PN, Simmons CP, Carrington LB. Assessing the vertical transmission potential of dengue virus in field-reared Aedes aegypti using patient-derived blood meals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:468. [PMID: 32928267 PMCID: PMC7490885 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue viruses (DENV) can be transmitted from an adult female Aedes aegypti mosquito through the germ line to the progeny; however, there is uncertainty if this occurs at a frequency that is epidemiologically significant. We measured vertical transmission of DENV from field-reared Ae. aegypti to their F1 progeny after feeding upon blood from dengue patients. We also examined the transmission potential of F1 females. METHODS We examined the frequency of vertical transmission in field-reared mosquitoes, who fed upon blood from acutely viremic dengue patients, and the capacity for vertically infected females to subsequently transmit virus horizontally, in two sets of experiments: (i) compared vertical transmission frequency of field-reared Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, in individual progeny; and (ii) in pooled progeny derived from field- and laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti. RESULTS Of 41 DENV-infected and isofemaled females who laid eggs, only a single female (2.43%) transmitted virus to one of the F1 progeny, but this F1 female did not have detectable virus in the saliva when 14 days-old. We complemented this initial study by testing for vertical transmission in another 460 field-reared females and > 900 laboratory-reared counterparts but failed to provide any further evidence of vertical virus transmission. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these results using field-reared mosquitoes and viremic blood from dengue cases suggest that vertical transmission is uncommon. Field-based studies that build on these observations are needed to better define the contribution of vertical DENV transmission to dengue epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela da Silva Goncalves
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kien Duong Thi Hue
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vi Tran Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Vu Tuyet
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Giang Nguyen Thi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Huynh Thi Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Huynh Thi Xuan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dui Le Thi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long Thi Vo
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Le Anh Huy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Van Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bridget A Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Cameron P Simmons
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Institute for Vector Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Lauren B Carrington
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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46
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Dengue infection modulates locomotion and host seeking in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008531. [PMID: 32911504 PMCID: PMC7482838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens may manipulate their human and mosquito hosts to enhance disease transmission. Dengue, caused by four viral serotypes, is the fastest-growing transmissible disease globally resulting in 50-100 million infections annually. Transmission of the disease relies on the interaction between humans and the vector Aedes aegypti and is largely dependent on the odor-mediated host seeking of female mosquitoes. In this study, we use activity monitors to demonstrate that dengue virus-1 affects the locomotion and odor-mediated behavior of Ae. aegypti, reflecting the progression of infection within the mosquito. Mosquitoes 4-6 days post-infection increase locomotion, but do not alter their odor-driven host-seeking response. In contrast, females 14-16 days post-infection are less active, yet more sensitive to human odors as assessed by behavioral and electrophysiological assays. Such an increase in physiological and behavioral sensitivity is reflected by the antennal-specific increase in abundance of neural signaling transcripts in 14 days post-infection females, as determined by transcriptome analysis. This suggests that the sensitivity of the mosquito peripheral olfactory system is altered by the dengue virus by enhancing the overall neural responsiveness of the antenna, rather than the selective regulation of chemosensory-related genes. Our study reveals that dengue virus-1 enhances vector-related behaviors in the early stages post-infection that aid in avoiding predation and increasing spatial exploration. On the other hand, at the later stages of infection, the virus enhances the host-seeking capacity of the vector, thereby increasing the risk of virus transmission. A potential mechanism is discussed.
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Magalhaes T, Morais CNL, Jacques IJAA, Azevedo EAN, Brito AM, Lima PV, Carvalho GMM, Lima ARS, Castanha PMS, Cordeiro MT, Oliveira ALS, Jaenisch T, Lamb MM, Marques ETA, Foy BD. Follow-Up Household Serosurvey in Northeast Brazil for Zika Virus: Sexual Contacts of Index Patients Have the Highest Risk for Seropositivity. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:673-685. [PMID: 32888023 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is also transmitted sexually; however, the epidemiological relevance of ZIKV sexual transmission in endemic regions is unclear. METHODS We performed a household-based serosurvey in Northeast Brazil to evaluate the differential exposure to ZIKV and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) among households. Individuals who participated in our previous arboviral disease cohort (indexes) were recontacted and enrolled, and their household members were newly enrolled. RESULTS The relative risk of sexual partners being ZIKV-seropositive when living with a ZIKV-seropositive index participant was significantly higher, whereas this was not observed among nonsexual partners of the index. For CHIKV, both sexual and nonsexual partner household members living with a CHIKV-seropositive index had a significantly higher risk of being seropositive. In the nonindex-based dyadic and generalized linear mixed model analyses, the odds of sexual dyads having a concordant ZIKV plaque reduction neutralization test result was significantly higher. We have also analyzed retrospective clinical data according to the participants' exposure to ZIKV and CHIKV. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ZIKV sexual transmission may be a key factor for the high ZIKV seroprevalence among households in endemic areas and raises important questions about differential disease from the 2 modes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Magalhaes
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Clarice N L Morais
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Iracema J A A Jacques
- Department of Collective Health, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elisa A N Azevedo
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana M Brito
- Department of Collective Health, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Priscilla V Lima
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M M Carvalho
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Andreza R S Lima
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Priscila M S Castanha
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Faculty of Medical Science, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marli T Cordeiro
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Andre L S Oliveira
- Statistics and Geoprocessing Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Center for Global Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Center for Global Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ernesto T A Marques
- Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian D Foy
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Ong NH, Chua CL, Liew JWK, Wan Sulaiman WY, Chan YF, Sam IC, Vythilingam I. Vector competence of Malaysian Aedes aegypti to Zika virus and impact of sequential arbovirus infections. Acta Trop 2020; 208:105472. [PMID: 32389451 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with global impact since 2015. Although ZIKV was first isolated from Aedes aegypti in Malaysia in 1965, not much is known about the competency of Malaysian Ae. aegypti to ZIKV. To date only 9 cases of ZIKV have been reported in Malaysia despite the abundance of mosquito vectors. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to ZIKV, and the impact of sequential infections in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) followed by ZIKV. Field-caught urban Ae. aegypti were orally challenged with a Martinique strain of ZIKV, and midgut, head/thorax and saliva were collected at 3, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). At 14 dpi, ZIKV-exposed mosquitoes had infection and dissemination rates of 59% (n=10/17) and 90% (n=9/10), respectively. Average titres of 3.9 and 4.4 log pfu infectious ZIKV were recovered in midgut and head/thorax, respectively. In sequential infection, prior exposure of Ae. aegypti to DENV did not affect the subsequent ZIKV infection in head/thorax albeit with a low sample size. In conclusion, Malaysian urban Ae. aegypti is susceptible to the contemporary Asian lineage of ZIKV. The established and continuous DENV circulation in Ae. aegypti did not suppress ZIKV emergence in Malaysia. Other factors contributing to low level of ZIKV circulation in Malaysia remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyee Huey Ong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Long Chua
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Wee Kent Liew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Soni M, Khan SA, Bhattacharjee CK, Dutta P. Experimental study of dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: A comparative analysis on susceptibility, virus transmission and reproductive success. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 175:107445. [PMID: 32712268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology of dengue fever has substantially changed over the years with respect to prevalent strains, affected geographical locations and severity of disease. Mosquito vectors show variable response in terms of susceptibility to four different serotypes of dengue virus. Although studies have postulated that, the vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus are crucial for transmission of dengue virus, comparative efficacy of these species for viral transmission and tolerance is still enigmatic. In this study, these two vectors were infected orally with four serotypes of the dengue virus viz. DENV-1 to DENV-4 and their co-infection. It was observed that Ae. aegypti harbors multiple serotype infections more efficiently than Ae. albopictus. We suggest that transovarial transmission is of low importance in the epidemiology of the virus due to low infection rates in the filial generation, and also that reduced fecundity and fertility in both vectors after dengue virus infection affect the ecology of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Soni
- Assam Don Bosco University, Kamrup, Assam 782 402, India.
| | - Siraj A Khan
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam 786001, India.
| | | | - Prafulla Dutta
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, Assam 786001, India
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50
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Fraser JE, O’Donnell TB, Duyvestyn JM, O’Neill SL, Simmons CP, Flores HA. Novel phenotype of Wolbachia strain wPip in Aedes aegypti challenges assumptions on mechanisms of Wolbachia-mediated dengue virus inhibition. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008410. [PMID: 32726353 PMCID: PMC7416964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia is a biocontrol tool that inhibits the ability of the Aedes aegypti mosquito to transmit positive-sense RNA viruses such as dengue and Zika. Growing evidence indicates that when Wolbachia strains wMel or wAlbB are introduced into local mosquito populations, human dengue incidence is reduced. Despite the success of this novel intervention, we still do not fully understand how Wolbachia protects mosquitoes from viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that the Wolbachia strain wPip does not inhibit virus infection in Ae. aegypti. We have leveraged this novel finding, and a panel of Ae. aegypti lines carrying virus-inhibitory (wMel and wAlbB) and non-inhibitory (wPip) strains in a common genetic background, to rigorously test a number of hypotheses about the mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated virus inhibition. We demonstrate that, contrary to previous suggestions, there is no association between a strain's ability to inhibit dengue infection in the mosquito and either its typical density in the midgut or salivary glands, or the degree to which it elevates innate immune response pathways in the mosquito. These findings, and the experimental platform provided by this panel of genetically comparable mosquito lines, clear the way for future investigations to define how Wolbachia prevents Ae. aegypti from transmitting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E. Fraser
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tanya B. O’Donnell
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Johanna M. Duyvestyn
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Scott L. O’Neill
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather A. Flores
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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