1
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Tire B, Talibova G, Ozturk S. The crosstalk between telomeres and DNA repair mechanisms: an overview to mammalian somatic cells, germ cells, and preimplantation embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:277-291. [PMID: 38165506 PMCID: PMC10894803 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-03008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are located at the ends of linear chromosomes and play a critical role in maintaining genomic stability by preventing premature activation of DNA repair mechanisms. Because of exposure to various genotoxic agents, telomeres can undergo shortening and genetic changes. In mammalian cells, the basic DNA repair mechanisms, including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, double-strand break repair, and mismatch repair, function in repairing potential damages in telomeres. If these damages are not repaired correctly in time, the unfavorable results such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cancerous transition may occur. During lifespan, mammalian somatic cells, male and female germ cells, and preimplantation embryos experience a number of telomeric damages. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the crosstalk between telomeres and the DNA repair mechanisms in the somatic cells, germ cells, and embryos. Infertility development resulting from possible defects in this crosstalk is also discussed in the light of existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Tire
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gunel Talibova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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2
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Siqueira PB, de Sousa Rodrigues MM, de Amorim ÍSS, da Silva TG, da Silva Oliveira M, Rodrigues JA, de Souza da Fonseca A, Mencalha AL. The APE1/REF-1 and the hallmarks of cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:47. [PMID: 38165468 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
APE1/REF-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 / redox factor-1) is a protein with two domains, with endonuclease function and redox activity. Its main activity described is acting in DNA repair by base excision repair (BER) pathway, which restores DNA damage caused by oxidation, alkylation, and single-strand breaks. In contrast, the APE1 redox domain is responsible for regulating transcription factors, such as AP-1 (activating protein-1), NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B), HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha), and STAT3 (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3). These factors are involved in physiological cellular processes, such as cell growth, inflammation, and angiogenesis, as well as in cancer. In human malignant tumors, APE1 overexpression is associated with lung, colon, ovaries, prostate, and breast cancer progression, more aggressive tumor phenotypes, and worse prognosis. In this review, we explore APE1 and its domain's role in cancer development processes, highlighting the role of APE1 in the hallmarks of cancer. We reviewed original articles and reviews from Pubmed related to APE1 and cancer and found that both domains of APE1/REF-1, but mainly its redox activity, are essential to cancer cells. This protein is often overexpressed in cancer, and its expression and activity are correlated to processes such as proliferation, invasion, inflammation, angiogenesis, and resistance to cell death. Therefore, APE1 participates in essential processes of cancer development. Then, the activity of APE1/REF-1 in these hallmarks suggests that targeting this protein could be a good therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscyanne Barreto Siqueira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Mariana Moreno de Sousa Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Ísis Salviano Soares de Amorim
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Thayssa Gomes da Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Biofotônica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Matheus da Silva Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Juliana Alves Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Biofotônica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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3
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Kim DV, Diatlova EA, Zharkov TD, Melentyev VS, Yudkina AV, Endutkin AV, Zharkov DO. Back-Up Base Excision DNA Repair in Human Cells Deficient in the Major AP Endonuclease, APE1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:64. [PMID: 38203235 PMCID: PMC10778768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are abundant DNA lesions generated both by spontaneous base loss and as intermediates of base excision DNA repair. In human cells, they are normally repaired by an essential AP endonuclease, APE1, encoded by the APEX1 gene. Other enzymes can cleave AP sites by either hydrolysis or β-elimination in vitro, but it is not clear whether they provide the second line of defense in living cells. Here, we studied AP site repairs in APEX1 knockout derivatives of HEK293FT cells using a reporter system based on transcriptional mutagenesis in the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene. Despite an apparent lack of AP site-processing activity in vitro, the cells efficiently repaired the tetrahydrofuran AP site analog resistant to β-elimination. This ability persisted even when the second AP endonuclease homolog, APE2, was also knocked out. Moreover, APEX1 null cells were able to repair uracil, a DNA lesion that is removed via the formation of an AP site. If AP site hydrolysis was chemically blocked, the uracil repair required the presence of NTHL1, an enzyme that catalyzes β-elimination. Our results suggest that human cells possess at least two back-up AP site repair pathways, one of which is NTHL1-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Kim
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (E.A.D.); (T.D.Z.); (V.S.M.); (A.V.Y.); (A.V.E.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniia A. Diatlova
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (E.A.D.); (T.D.Z.); (V.S.M.); (A.V.Y.); (A.V.E.)
| | - Timofey D. Zharkov
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (E.A.D.); (T.D.Z.); (V.S.M.); (A.V.Y.); (A.V.E.)
| | - Vasily S. Melentyev
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (E.A.D.); (T.D.Z.); (V.S.M.); (A.V.Y.); (A.V.E.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Yudkina
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (E.A.D.); (T.D.Z.); (V.S.M.); (A.V.Y.); (A.V.E.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton V. Endutkin
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (E.A.D.); (T.D.Z.); (V.S.M.); (A.V.Y.); (A.V.E.)
| | - Dmitry O. Zharkov
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.V.K.); (E.A.D.); (T.D.Z.); (V.S.M.); (A.V.Y.); (A.V.E.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Kohutova A, Münzova D, Pešl M, Rotrekl V. α 1-Adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine inhibits base excision repair via inhibition of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:281-291. [PMID: 37307375 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methoxamine (Mox) is a well-known α1-adrenoceptor agonist, clinically used as a longer-acting analogue of epinephrine. 1R,2S-Mox (NRL001) has been also undergoing clinical testing to increase the canal resting pressure in patients with bowel incontinence. Here we show, that Mox hydrochloride acts as an inhibitor of base excision repair (BER). The effect is mediated by the inhibition of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease APE1. We link this observation to our previous report showing the biologically relevant effect of Mox on BER - prevention of converting oxidative DNA base damage to double-stranded breaks. We demonstrate that its effect is weaker, but still significant when compared to a known BER inhibitor methoxyamine (MX). We further determined Mox's relative IC 50 at 19 mmol L-1, demonstrating a significant effect of Mox on APE1 activity in clinically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kohutova
- 1Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Münzova
- 1Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pešl
- 1Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- 2International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St.Anne's University hospital in Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- 1Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- 2International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St.Anne's University hospital in Brno, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Jang S, Kumar N, Schaich MA, Zhong Z, van Loon B, Watkins S, Van Houten B. Cooperative interaction between AAG and UV-DDB in the removal of modified bases. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12856-12871. [PMID: 36511855 PMCID: PMC9825174 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-DDB is a DNA damage recognition protein recently discovered to participate in the removal of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxoG) by stimulating multiple steps of base excision repair (BER). In this study, we examined whether UV-DDB has a wider role in BER besides oxidized bases and found it has specificity for two known DNA substrates of alkyladenine glycosylase (AAG)/N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG): 1, N6-ethenoadenine (ϵA) and hypoxanthine. Gel mobility shift assays show that UV-DDB recognizes these two lesions 4-5 times better than non-damaged DNA. Biochemical studies indicated that UV-DDB stimulated AAG activity on both substrates by 4- to 5-fold. Native gels indicated UV-DDB forms a transient complex with AAG to help facilitate release of AAG from the abasic site product. Single molecule experiments confirmed the interaction and showed that UV-DDB can act to displace AAG from abasic sites. Cells when treated with methyl methanesulfonate resulted in foci containing AAG and UV-DDB that developed over the course of several hours after treatment. While colocalization did not reach 100%, foci containing AAG and UV-DDB reached a maximum at three hours post treatment. Together these data indicate that UV-DDB plays an important role in facilitating the repair of AAG substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathew A Schaich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, USA,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhou Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, USA,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, PA 15213, USA
| | - Barbara van Loon
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 412 623 7762; Fax: +1 412 623 7761;
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6
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Moazamian A, Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ, Drevet JR. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: Sperm telomeres, oxidative stress, and infertility. Reproduction 2022; 164:F125-F133. [PMID: 35938805 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Oxidative stress is recognized as an underlying driving factor of both telomere dysfunction and human subfertility/infertility. This review briefly reassesses telomere integrity as a fertility biomarker before proposing a novel, mechanistic rationale for the role of oxidative stress in the seemingly paradoxical lengthening of sperm telomeres with aging. Abstract The maintenance of redox balance in the male reproductive tract is critical to sperm health and function. Physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote sperm capacitation, while excess ROS exposure, or depleted antioxidant defenses, yields a state of oxidative stress which disrupts their fertilizing capacity and DNA structural integrity. The guanine moiety is the most readily oxidized of the four DNA bases and gets converted to the mutagenic lesion 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Numerous studies have also confirmed oxidative stress as a driving factor behind accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Although a clear consensus has not been reached, clinical studies also appear to associate telomere integrity with fertility outcomes in the assisted reproductive technology setting. Intriguingly, while sperm cellular and molecular characteristics make them more susceptible to oxidative insult than any other cell type, they are also the only cell type in which telomere lengthening accompanies aging. This article focuses on the oxidative stress response pathways to propose a mechanism for the explanation of this apparent paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Moazamian
- CellOxess LLC, Ewing, New Jersey, USA.,Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD Institute, CNRS-INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Robert J Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joël R Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD Institute, CNRS-INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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7
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A simple and smart AND-gate DNA nanoprobe for correlated enzymes tracking and cell-selective imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114724. [PMID: 36166888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate cancer diagnosis and effective drug therapy entail sensitive and dynamic monitoring of intracellular key enzymes, since their expression level is closely related to disease progression. Simultaneous monitoring of correlated enzymes is promising to help unveiling mystery of cytobiological events during tumor progression and drug response, while is challenged by lacking of a robust and simple simultaneous detection strategy. In order to construct a simple and smart strategy which is complex design-avoided and doesn't need other auxiliary enzyme, here we develop an AND-gate strategy for simultaneously monitoring correlated enzymes which both are upregulated in cancer cells (telomerase and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1). An innovative AND-gate DNA nanoprobe has been designed to avoid mutual interference and background noise, guaranteeing an enhanced fluorescent signal output upon catalyzation of dual enzymes. This AND-gate strategy achieves sensitive detection of two enzymes in an individual manner in test tube, through which the diagnostic potential of bladder cancer has been validated by telomerase detection in clinical urine sample. The AND-gate strategy enables specific intracellular imaging of dual enzymes in different cancer cell lines. Importantly, in contrast to traditional single-targeting strategies, AND-gate imaging of dual enzymes significantly improves cancer cell selectivity. Moreover, this strategy dynamically monitors enzymatic activity changes during chemoresistance induced by chemotherapeutic treatment. This simple and smart strategy has foreseeable prospect in the fields of disease diagnosis, drug prognosis evaluation, and precise fluorescence-guided surgery.
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8
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Liu W, Fan Z, Li L, Li M. DNA-Based Nanoprobes for Simultaneous Detection of Telomerase and Correlated Biomolecules. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200307. [PMID: 35927933 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase (TE), a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase, is enzymatically activated in most tumor cells and is responsible for promoting tumor progression and malignancy by enabling replicative immortality of cancer cells. TE has become an important hallmark for cancer diagnosis and a potential therapy target. Therefore, accurate and in site detection of TE activity, especially the simultaneous imaging of TE activity and its correlated biomolecules, is highly essential to medical diagnostics and therapeutics. DNA-based nanoprobes, with their effective cell penetration capability and programmability, are the most advantageous for detection of intracellular TE activity. This concept article introduces the recent strategies for in situ sensing and imaging of TE activity, with a focus on simultaneous detection of TE and related biomolecules, and provides challenges and perspectives for the development of new strategies for such correlated imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Chest Hospital, CHINA
| | - Zetan Fan
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, cas key lab, CHINA
| | - Lele Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Haidian District, 100190, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Mengyuan Li
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Chemistry, CHINA
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9
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Oliveira TT, Coutinho LG, de Oliveira LOA, Timoteo ARDS, Farias GC, Agnez-Lima LF. APE1/Ref-1 Role in Inflammation and Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793096. [PMID: 35296074 PMCID: PMC8918667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional enzyme that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. APE1 is the major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease in the base excision repair pathway and acts as a redox-dependent regulator of several transcription factors, including NF-κB, AP-1, HIF-1α, and STAT3. These functions render APE1 vital to regulating cell signaling, senescence, and inflammatory pathways. In addition to regulating cytokine and chemokine expression through activation of redox sensitive transcription factors, APE1 participates in other critical processes in the immune response, including production of reactive oxygen species and class switch recombination. Furthermore, through participation in active chromatin demethylation, the repair function of APE1 also regulates transcription of some genes, including cytokines such as TNFα. The multiple functions of APE1 make it an essential regulator of the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Therefore, APE1 inhibitors have therapeutic potential. APE1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and participates in tissue homeostasis, and its roles in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases have been elucidated. This review discusses known roles of APE1 in innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the CNS, recent evidence of a role in the extracellular environment, and the therapeutic potential of APE1 inhibitors in infectious/immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Teixeira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Leonam Gomes Coutinho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), São Paulo do Potengi, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme Cavalcanti Farias
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima,
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10
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De Rosa M, Johnson SA, Opresko PL. Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758402. [PMID: 34869348 PMCID: PMC8640134 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are protective nucleoprotein structures that cap linear chromosome ends and safeguard genome stability. Progressive telomere shortening at each somatic cell division eventually leads to critically short and dysfunctional telomeres, which can contribute to either cellular senescence and aging, or tumorigenesis. Human reproductive cells, some stem cells, and most cancer cells, express the enzyme telomerase to restore telomeric DNA. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species is associated with accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Telomeric repeat sequences are remarkably susceptible to oxidative damage and are preferred sites for the production of the mutagenic base lesion 8-oxoguanine, which can alter telomere length homeostasis and integrity. Therefore, knowledge of the repair pathways involved in the processing of 8-oxoguanine at telomeres is important for advancing understanding of the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and cancer associated with telomere instability. The highly conserved guanine oxidation (GO) system involves three specialized enzymes that initiate distinct pathways to specifically mitigate the adverse effects of 8-oxoguanine. Here we introduce the GO system and review the studies focused on investigating how telomeric 8-oxoguanine processing affects telomere integrity and overall genome stability. We also discuss newly developed technologies that target oxidative damage selectively to telomeres to investigate roles for the GO system in telomere stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria De Rosa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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Fan Z, Zhao J, Chai X, Li L. A Cooperatively Activatable, DNA‐based Fluorescent Reporter for Imaging of Correlated Enzymatic Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14887-14891. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zetan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xin Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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12
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Fan Z, Zhao J, Chai X, Li L. A Cooperatively Activatable, DNA‐based Fluorescent Reporter for Imaging of Correlated Enzymatic Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zetan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xin Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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13
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Malfatti MC, Antoniali G, Codrich M, Burra S, Mangiapane G, Dalla E, Tell G. New perspectives in cancer biology from a study of canonical and non-canonical functions of base excision repair proteins with a focus on early steps. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:129-149. [PMID: 31858150 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of DNA repair enzymes and consequential triggering of aberrant DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are thought to play a pivotal role in genomic instabilities associated with cancer development, and are further thought to be important predictive biomarkers for therapy using the synthetic lethality paradigm. However, novel unpredicted perspectives are emerging from the identification of several non-canonical roles of DNA repair enzymes, particularly in gene expression regulation, by different molecular mechanisms, such as (i) non-coding RNA regulation of tumour suppressors, (ii) epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in genotoxic responses and (iii) paracrine effects of secreted DNA repair enzymes triggering the cell senescence phenotype. The base excision repair (BER) pathway, canonically involved in the repair of non-distorting DNA lesions generated by oxidative stress, ionising radiation, alkylation damage and spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of nucleotide bases, represents a paradigm for the multifaceted roles of complex DDR in human cells. This review will focus on what is known about the canonical and non-canonical functions of BER enzymes related to cancer development, highlighting novel opportunities to understand the biology of cancer and representing future perspectives for designing new anticancer strategies. We will specifically focus on APE1 as an example of a pleiotropic and multifunctional BER protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Codrich
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Burra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mangiapane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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14
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D'Amico AM, Vasquez KM. The multifaceted roles of DNA repair and replication proteins in aging and obesity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 99:103049. [PMID: 33529944 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient mechanisms for genomic maintenance (i.e., DNA repair and DNA replication) are crucial for cell survival. Aging and obesity can lead to the dysregulation of genomic maintenance proteins/pathways and are significant risk factors for the development of cancer, metabolic disorders, and other genetic diseases. Mutations in genes that code for proteins involved in DNA repair and DNA replication can also exacerbate aging- and obesity-related disorders and lead to the development of progeroid diseases. In this review, we will discuss the roles of various DNA repair and replication proteins in aging and obesity as well as investigate the possible mechanisms by which aging and obesity can lead to the dysregulation of these proteins and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M D'Amico
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
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15
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Caston RA, Gampala S, Armstrong L, Messmann RA, Fishel ML, Kelley MR. The multifunctional APE1 DNA repair-redox signaling protein as a drug target in human disease. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:218-228. [PMID: 33148489 PMCID: PMC7855940 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease-reduction/oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1, also called APE1) is a multifunctional enzyme with crucial roles in DNA repair and reduction/oxidation (redox) signaling. APE1 was originally described as an endonuclease in the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway. Further study revealed it to be a redox signaling hub regulating critical transcription factors (TFs). Although a significant amount of focus has been on the role of APE1 in cancer, recent findings support APE1 as a target in other indications, including ocular diseases [diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)], inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and others, where APE1 regulation of crucial TFs impacts important pathways in these diseases. The central responsibilities of APE1 in DNA repair and redox signaling make it an attractive therapeutic target for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Caston
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Silpa Gampala
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lee Armstrong
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Melissa L Fishel
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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16
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Hua K, Wang L, Sun J, Zhou N, Zhang Y, Ji F, Jing L, Yang Y, Xia W, Hu Z, Pan F, Chen X, Yao B, Guo Z. Impairment of Pol β-related DNA base-excision repair leads to ovarian aging in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25207-25228. [PMID: 33223510 PMCID: PMC7803579 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the association between age and depletion of the human ovarian follicle reserves remains uncertain. Many identified that impaired DNA polymerase β (Pol β)-mediated DNA base-excision repair (BER) drives to mouse oocyte aging. With aging, DNA lesions accumulate in primordial follicles. However, the expression of most DNA BER genes, including APE1, OGG1, XRCC1, Ligase I, Ligase α, PCNA and FEN1, remains unchanged during aging in mouse oocytes. Also, the reproductive capacity of Pol β+/- heterozygote mice was impaired, and the primordial follicle counts were lower than that of wild type (wt) mice. The DNA lesions of heterozygous mice increased. Moreover, the Pol β knockdown leads to increased DNA damage in oocytes and decreased survival rate of oocytes. Oocytes over-expressing Pol β showed that the vitality of senescent cells enhances significantly. Furthermore, serum concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) indicated that the ovarian reserves of young mice with Pol β germline mutations were lower than those in wt. These data show that Pol β-related DNA BER efficiency is a major factor governing oocyte aging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Junhua Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nanhai Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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17
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An ordered assembly of MYH glycosylase, SIRT6 protein deacetylase, and Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 checkpoint clamp at oxidatively damaged telomeres. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17761-17785. [PMID: 32991318 PMCID: PMC7585086 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the base excision repair pathway, MYH/MUTYH DNA glycosylase prevents mutations by removing adenine mispaired with 8-oxoG, a frequent oxidative lesion. MYH glycosylase activity is enhanced by Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) checkpoint clamp and SIRT6 histone/protein deacetylase. Here, we show that MYH, SIRT6, and 9-1-1 are recruited to confined oxidatively damaged regions on telomeres in mammalian cells. Using different knockout cells, we show that SIRT6 responds to damaged telomeres very early, and then recruits MYH and Hus1 following oxidative stress. However, the recruitment of Hus1 to damaged telomeres is partially dependent on SIRT6. The catalytic activities of SIRT6 are not important for SIRT6 response but are essential for MYH recruitment to damaged telomeres. Compared to wild-type MYH, the recruitment of hMYHV315A mutant (defective in both SIRT6 and Hus1 interactions), but not hMYHQ324H mutant (defective in Hus1 interaction only), to damaged telomeres is severely reduced. The formation of MYH/SIRT6/9-1-1 complex is of biological significance as interrupting their interactions can increase cell's sensitivity to H2O2 and/or elevate cellular 8-oxoG levels after H2O2 treatment. Our results establish that SIRT6 acts as an early sensor of BER enzymes and both SIRT6 and 9-1-1 serve critical roles in DNA repair to maintain telomere integrity.
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18
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López DJ, Rodríguez JA, Bañuelos S. Nucleophosmin, a multifunctional nucleolar organizer with a role in DNA repair. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140532. [PMID: 32853771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a mostly nucleolar protein with crucial functions in cell growth and homeostasis, including regulation of ribosome biogenesis and stress response. Such multiple activities rely on its ability to interact with nucleic acids and with hundreds of proteins, as well as on a dynamic subcellular distribution. NPM1 is thus regulated by a complex interplay between localization and interactions, further modulated by post-translational modifications. NPM1 is a homopentamer, with globular domains connected by long, intrinsically disordered linkers. This configuration allows NPM1 to engage in liquid-liquid phase separation phenomena, which could underlie a key role in nucleolar organization. Here, we will discuss NPM1 conformational and functional versatility, emphasizing its emerging, and still largely unexplored, role in DNA damage repair. Since NPM1 is altered in a subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we will also present ongoing research on the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenic role and potential NPM1-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J López
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - José A Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Sonia Bañuelos
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
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19
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A Dual Face of APE1 in the Maintenance of Genetic Stability in Monocytes: An Overview of the Current Status and Future Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060643. [PMID: 32545201 PMCID: PMC7349382 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes, which play a crucial role in the immune system, are characterized by an enormous sensitivity to oxidative stress. As they lack four key proteins responsible for DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, they are especially prone to reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposure leading to oxidative DNA lesions and, consequently, ROS-driven apoptosis. Although such a phenomenon is of important biological significance in the regulation of monocyte/macrophage/dendritic cells’ balance, it also a challenge for monocytic mechanisms that have to provide and maintain genetic stability of its own DNA. Interestingly, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), which is one of the key proteins in two DDR mechanisms, base excision repair (BER) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways, operates in monocytic cells, although both BER and NHEJ are impaired in these cells. Thus, on the one hand, APE1 endonucleolytic activity leads to enhanced levels of both single- and double-strand DNA breaks (SSDs and DSBs, respectively) in monocytic DNA that remain unrepaired because of the impaired BER and NHEJ. On the other hand, there is some experimental evidence suggesting that APE1 is a crucial player in monocytic genome maintenance and stability through different molecular mechanisms, including induction of cytoprotective and antioxidant genes. Here, the dual face of APE1 is discussed.
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20
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Endogenous oxidized DNA bases and APE1 regulate the formation of G-quadruplex structures in the genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11409-11420. [PMID: 32404420 PMCID: PMC7260947 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912355117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) structures in functionally important genomic regions regulate multiple biological processes in cells. This study demonstrates a genome-wide correlation between the occurrence of endogenous oxidative base damage, activation of BER, and formation of G4 structures. Unbiased mapping of AP sites, APE1 binding, and G4 structures across the genome reveal a distinct distribution of AP sites and APE1 binding, predominantly in G4 sequences. Furthermore, APE1 plays an essential role in regulating the formation of G4 structures and G4-mediated gene expression. Our findings unravel a paradigm-shifting concept that endogenous oxidized DNA base damage and binding of APE1 in key regulatory regions in the genome have acquired a novel function in regulating the formation of G4 structures that controls multiple biological processes. Formation of G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures in key regulatory regions in the genome has emerged as a secondary structure-based epigenetic mechanism for regulating multiple biological processes including transcription, replication, and telomere maintenance. G4 formation (folding), stabilization, and unfolding must be regulated to coordinate G4-mediated biological functions; however, how cells regulate the spatiotemporal formation of G4 structures in the genome is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous oxidized guanine bases in G4 sequences and the subsequent activation of the base excision repair (BER) pathway drive the spatiotemporal formation of G4 structures in the genome. Genome-wide mapping of occurrence of Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site damage, binding of BER proteins, and G4 structures revealed that oxidized base-derived AP site damage and binding of OGG1 and APE1 are predominant in G4 sequences. Loss of APE1 abrogated G4 structure formation in cells, which suggests an essential role of APE1 in regulating the formation of G4 structures in the genome. Binding of APE1 to G4 sequences promotes G4 folding, and acetylation of APE1, which enhances its residence time, stabilizes G4 structures in cells. APE1 subsequently facilitates transcription factor loading to the promoter, providing mechanistic insight into the role of APE1 in G4-mediated gene expression. Our study unravels a role of endogenous oxidized DNA bases and APE1 in controlling the formation of higher-order DNA secondary structures to regulate transcription beyond its well-established role in safeguarding the genomic integrity.
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21
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Moor N, Vasil’eva I, Lavrik O. Functional Role of N-Terminal Extension of Human AP Endonuclease 1 In Coordination of Base Excision DNA Repair via Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093122. [PMID: 32354179 PMCID: PMC7247576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) has multiple functions in base excision DNA repair (BER) and other cellular processes. Its eukaryote-specific N-terminal extension plays diverse regulatory roles in interaction with different partners. Here, we explored its involvement in interaction with canonical BER proteins. Using fluorescence based-techniques, we compared binding affinities of the full-length and N-terminally truncated forms of APE1 (APE1NΔ35 and APE1NΔ61) for functionally and structurally different DNA polymerase β (Polβ), X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), and poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), in the absence and presence of model DNA intermediates. Influence of the N-terminal truncation on binding the AP site-containing DNA was additionally explored. These data suggest that the interaction domain for proteins is basically formed by the conserved catalytic core of APE1. The N-terminal extension being capable of dynamically interacting with the protein and DNA partners is mostly responsible for DNA-dependent modulation of protein–protein interactions. Polβ, XRCC1, and PARP1 were shown to more efficiently regulate the endonuclease activity of the full-length protein than that of APE1NΔ61, further suggesting contribution of the N-terminal extension to BER coordination. Our results advance the understanding of functional roles of eukaryote-specific protein extensions in highly coordinated BER processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Moor
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Inna Vasil’eva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Olga Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.M.); (I.V.)
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Shen B, Chapman JH, Custance MF, Tricola GM, Jones CE, Furano AV. Perturbation of base excision repair sensitizes breast cancer cells to APOBEC3 deaminase-mediated mutations. eLife 2020; 9:e51605. [PMID: 31904337 PMCID: PMC6961979 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundant APOBEC3 (A3) deaminase-mediated mutations can dominate the mutational landscape ('mutator phenotype') of some cancers, however, the basis of this sporadic vulnerability is unknown. We show here that elevated expression of the bifunctional DNA glycosylase, NEIL2, sensitizes breast cancer cells to A3B-mediated mutations and double-strand breaks (DSBs) by perturbing canonical base excision repair (BER). NEIL2 usurps the canonical lyase, APE1, at abasic sites in a purified BER system, rendering them poor substrates for polymerase β. However, the nicked NEIL2 product can serve as an entry site for Exo1 in vitro to generate single-stranded DNA, which would be susceptible to both A3B and DSBs. As NEIL2 or Exo1 depletion mitigates the DNA damage caused by A3B expression, we suggest that aberrant NEIL2 expression can explain certain instances of A3B-mediated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birong Shen
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Joseph H Chapman
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Michael F Custance
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Gianna M Tricola
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Charles E Jones
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Anthony V Furano
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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23
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Louzon M, Coeurdassier M, Gimbert F, Pauget B, de Vaufleury A. Telomere dynamic in humans and animals: Review and perspectives in environmental toxicology. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105025. [PMID: 31352262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres (TLs) play major roles in stabilizing the genome and are usually shortened with ageing. The maintenance of TLs is ensured by two mechanisms involving telomerase (TA) enzyme and alternative lengthening telomeres (ALT). TL shortening and/or TA inhibition have been related to health effects on organisms (leading to reduced reproductive lifespan and survival), suggesting that they could be key processes in toxicity mechanisms (at molecular and cellular levels) and relevant as an early warning of exposure and effect of chemicals on human health and animal population dynamics. Consequently, a critical analysis of knowledge about relationships between TL dynamic and environmental pollution is essential to highlight the relevance of TL measurement in environmental toxicology. The first objective of this review is to provide a survey on the basic knowledge about TL structure, roles, maintenance mechanisms and causes of shortening in both vertebrates (including humans) and invertebrates. Overall, TL length decreases with ageing but some unexpected exceptions are reported (e.g., in species with different lifespans, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans or the crustacean Homarus americanus). Inconsistent results reported in various biological groups or even between species of the same genus (e.g., the microcrustacean Daphnia sp.) indicate that the relation usually proposed between TL shortening and a decrease in TA activity cannot be generalized and depends on the species, stage of development or lifespan. Although the scientific literature provides evidence of the effect of ageing on TL shortening, much less information on the relationships between shortening, maintenance of TLs, influence of other endogenous and environmental drivers, including exposure to chemical pollutants, is available, especially in invertebrates. The second objective of this review is to connect knowledge on TL dynamic and exposure to contaminants. Most of the studies published on humans rely on correlative epidemiological approaches and few in vitro experiments. They have shown TL attrition when exposed to contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), pesticides and metallic elements (ME). In other vertebrates, the studies we found deals mainly with birds and, overall, report a disturbance of TL dynamic consecutively to exposure to chemicals, including metals and organic compounds. In invertebrates, no data are available and the potential of TL dynamic in environmental risk assessment remains to be explored. On the basis of the main gaps identified some research perspectives (e.g., impact of endogenous and environmental drivers, dose response effects, link between TL length, TA activity, longevity and ageing) are proposed to better understand the potential of TL and TA measurements in humans and animals in environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Louzon
- Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Benjamin Pauget
- TESORA, Le Visium, 22 avenue Aristide Briand, 94110 Arcueil, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- Department Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France.
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24
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Li M, Yang X, Lu X, Dai N, Zhang S, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Liu Y, Yang Z, Wang D, Wilson DM. APE1 deficiency promotes cellular senescence and premature aging features. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5664-5677. [PMID: 29750271 PMCID: PMC6009672 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) handles many forms of endogenous DNA damage, and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is central to this process. Deletion of both alleles of APE1 (a.k.a. Apex1) in mice leads to embryonic lethality, and deficiency in cells can promote cell death. Unlike most other BER proteins, APE1 expression is inversely correlated with cellular senescence in primary human fibroblasts. Depletion of APE1 via shRNA induced senescence in normal human BJ fibroblasts, a phenotype that was not seen in counterpart cells expressing telomerase. APE1 knock-down in primary fibroblasts resulted in global DNA damage accumulation, and the induction of p16INK4a and p21WAF1 stress response pathways; the DNA damage response, as assessed by γ-H2AX, was particularly pronounced at telomeres. Conditional knock-out of Apex1 in mice at post-natal day 7/12 resulted in impaired growth, reduced organ size, and increased cellular senescence. The effect of Apex1 deletion at post-natal week 6 was less obvious, other than cellular senescence, until ∼8-months of age, when premature aging characteristics, such as hair loss and impaired wound healing, were seen. Low APE1 expression in patient cancer tissue also correlated with increased senescence. Our results point to a key role for APE1 in regulating cellular senescence and aging features, with telomere status apparently affecting the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Xianfeng Lu
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Nan Dai
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Yie Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Ste. 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhenzhou Yang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Zhi Rd., Yuzhong Dist., Chongqing 400042 China
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Ste. 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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25
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Burra S, Marasco D, Malfatti MC, Antoniali G, Virgilio A, Esposito V, Demple B, Galeone A, Tell G. Human AP-endonuclease (Ape1) activity on telomeric G4 structures is modulated by acetylatable lysine residues in the N-terminal sequence. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 73:129-143. [PMID: 30509560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of telomeres stability is a hallmark of cancer cells. Exposed telomeres are prone to aberrant end-joining reactions leading to chromosomal fusions and translocations. Human telomeres contain repeated TTAGGG elements, in which the 3' exposed strand may adopt a G-quadruplex (G4) structure. The guanine-rich regions of telomeres are hotspots for oxidation forming 8-oxoguanine, a lesion that is handled by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. One key player of this pathway is Ape1, the main human endonuclease processing abasic sites. Recent evidences showed an important role for Ape1 in telomeric physiology, but the molecular details regulating Ape1 enzymatic activities on G4-telomeric sequences are lacking. Through a combination of in vitro assays, we demonstrate that Ape1 can bind and process different G4 structures and that this interaction involves specific acetylatable lysine residues (i.e. K27/31/32/35) present in the unstructured N-terminal sequence of the protein. The cleavage of an abasic site located in a G4 structure by Ape1 depends on the DNA conformation or the position of the lesion and on electrostatic interactions between the protein and the nucleic acids. Moreover, Ape1 mutants mimicking the acetylated protein display increased cleavage activity for abasic sites. We found that nucleophosmin (NPM1), which binds the N-terminal sequence of Ape1, plays a role in modulating telomere length and Ape1 activity at abasic G4 structures. Thus, the Ape1 N-terminal sequence is an important relay site for regulating the enzyme's activity on G4-telomeric sequences, and specific acetylatable lysine residues constitute key regulatory sites of Ape1 enzymatic activity dynamics at telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Burra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Virgilio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - Aldo Galeone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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26
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Li J, Svilar D, McClellan S, Kim JH, Ahn EYE, Vens C, Wilson DM, Sobol RW. DNA Repair Molecular Beacon assay: a platform for real-time functional analysis of cellular DNA repair capacity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31719-31743. [PMID: 30167090 PMCID: PMC6114979 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that select DNA repair enzyme activities impact response and/or toxicity of genotoxins, suggesting a requirement for enzyme functional analyses to bolster precision medicine or prevention. To address this need, we developed a DNA Repair Molecular Beacon (DRMB) platform that rapidly measures DNA repair enzyme activity in real-time. The DRMB assay is applicable for discovery of DNA repair enzyme inhibitors, for the quantification of enzyme rates and is sufficiently sensitive to differentiate cellular enzymatic activity that stems from variation in expression or effects of amino acid substitutions. We show activity measures of several different base excision repair (BER) enzymes, including proteins with tumor-identified point mutations, revealing lesion-, lesion-context- and cell-type-specific repair dependence; suggesting application for DNA repair capacity analysis of tumors. DRMB measurements using lysates from isogenic control and APE1-deficient human cells suggests the major mechanism of base lesion removal by most DNA glycosylases may be mono-functional base hydrolysis. In addition, development of a microbead-conjugated DRMB assay amenable to flow cytometric analysis further advances its application. Our studies establish an analytical platform capable of evaluating the enzyme activity of select DNA repair proteins in an effort to design and guide inhibitor development and precision cancer therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - David Svilar
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | - Conchita Vens
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, IRP, NIH Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Genomic Approach to Understand the Association of DNA Repair with Longevity and Healthy Aging Using Genomic Databases of Oldest-Old Population. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2984730. [PMID: 29854078 PMCID: PMC5960555 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2984730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aged population is increasing worldwide due to the aging process that is inevitable. Accordingly, longevity and healthy aging have been spotlighted to promote social contribution of aged population. Many studies in the past few decades have reported the process of aging and longevity, emphasizing the importance of maintaining genomic stability in exceptionally long-lived population. Underlying reason of longevity remains unclear due to its complexity involving multiple factors. With advances in sequencing technology and human genome-associated approaches, studies based on population-based genomic studies are increasing. In this review, we summarize recent longevity and healthy aging studies of human population focusing on DNA repair as a major factor in maintaining genome integrity. To keep pace with recent growth in genomic research, aging- and longevity-associated genomic databases are also briefly introduced. To suggest novel approaches to investigate longevity-associated genetic variants related to DNA repair using genomic databases, gene set analysis was conducted, focusing on DNA repair- and longevity-associated genes. Their biological networks were additionally analyzed to grasp major factors containing genetic variants of human longevity and healthy aging in DNA repair mechanisms. In summary, this review emphasizes DNA repair activity in human longevity and suggests approach to conduct DNA repair-associated genomic study on human healthy aging.
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Zhou J, Chan J, Lambelé M, Yusufzai T, Stumpff J, Opresko PL, Thali M, Wallace SS. NEIL3 Repairs Telomere Damage during S Phase to Secure Chromosome Segregation at Mitosis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2044-2056. [PMID: 28854357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to telomere DNA compromises telomere integrity. We recently reported that the DNA glycosylase NEIL3 preferentially repairs oxidative lesions in telomere sequences in vitro. Here, we show that loss of NEIL3 causes anaphase DNA bridging because of telomere dysfunction. NEIL3 expression increases during S phase and reaches maximal levels in late S/G2. NEIL3 co-localizes with TRF2 and associates with telomeres during S phase, and this association increases upon oxidative stress. Mechanistic studies reveal that NEIL3 binds to single-stranded DNA via its intrinsically disordered C terminus in a telomere-sequence-independent manner. Moreover, NEIL3 is recruited to telomeres through its interaction with TRF1, and this interaction enhances the enzymatic activity of purified NEIL3. Finally, we show that NEIL3 interacts with AP Endonuclease 1 (APE1) and the long-patch base excision repair proteins PCNA and FEN1. Taken together, we propose that NEIL3 protects genome stability through targeted repair of oxidative damage in telomeres during S/G2 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jany Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Marie Lambelé
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Timur Yusufzai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Markus Thali
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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29
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Kladova OA, Bazlekowa-Karaban M, Baconnais S, Piétrement O, Ishchenko AA, Matkarimov BT, Iakovlev DA, Vasenko A, Fedorova OS, Le Cam E, Tudek B, Kuznetsov NA, Saparbaev M. The role of the N-terminal domain of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, APE1, in DNA glycosylase stimulation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 64:10-25. [PMID: 29475157 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The base excision repair (BER) pathway consists of sequential action of DNA glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease necessary to remove a damaged base and generate a single-strand break in duplex DNA. Human multifunctional AP endonuclease 1 (APE1, a.k.a. APEX1, HAP-1, or Ref-1) plays essential roles in BER by acting downstream of DNA glycosylases to incise a DNA duplex at AP sites and remove 3'-blocking sugar moieties at DNA strand breaks. Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1), methyl-CpG-binding domain 4 (MBD4, a.k.a. MED1), and alkyl-N-purine-DNA glycosylase (ANPG, a.k.a. Aag or MPG) excise a variety of damaged bases from DNA. Here we demonstrated that the redox-deficient truncated APE1 protein lacking the first N-terminal 61 amino acid residues (APE1-NΔ61) cannot stimulate DNA glycosylase activities of OGG1, MBD4, and ANPG on duplex DNA substrates. Electron microscopy imaging of APE1-DNA complexes revealed oligomerization of APE1 along the DNA duplex and APE1-mediated DNA bridging followed by DNA aggregation. APE1 polymerizes on both undamaged and damaged DNA in cooperative mode. Association of APE1 with undamaged DNA may enable scanning for damage; however, this event reduces effective concentration of the enzyme and subsequently decreases APE1-catalyzed cleavage rates on long DNA substrates. We propose that APE1 oligomers on DNA induce helix distortions thereby enhancing molecular recognition of DNA lesions by DNA glycosylases via a conformational proofreading/selection mechanism. Thus, APE1-mediated structural deformations of the DNA helix stabilize the enzyme-substrate complex and promote dissociation of human DNA glycosylases from the AP site with a subsequent increase in their turnover rate. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The major human apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APE1, stimulates DNA glycosylases by increasing their turnover rate on duplex DNA substrates. At present, the mechanism of the stimulation remains unclear. We report that the redox domain of APE1 is necessary for the active mode of stimulation of DNA glycosylases. Electron microscopy revealed that full-length APE1 oligomerizes on DNA possibly via cooperative binding to DNA. Consequently, APE1 shows DNA length dependence with preferential repair of short DNA duplexes. We propose that APE1-catalyzed oligomerization along DNA induces helix distortions, which in turn enable conformational selection and stimulation of DNA glycosylases. This new biochemical property of APE1 sheds light on the mechanism of redox function and its role in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Kladova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Milena Bazlekowa-Karaban
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Groupe «Réparation de l'ADN», Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, CNRS UMR8200, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sonia Baconnais
- CNRS UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Piétrement
- CNRS UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Alexander A Ishchenko
- Groupe «Réparation de l'ADN», Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, CNRS UMR8200, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Bakhyt T Matkarimov
- National laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Danila A Iakovlev
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey Vasenko
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Fedorova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eric Le Cam
- CNRS UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nikita A Kuznetsov
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Murat Saparbaev
- Groupe «Réparation de l'ADN», Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, CNRS UMR8200, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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30
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Trajano LADSN, Trajano ETL, Silva MADS, Stumbo AC, Mencalha AL, Fonseca ADSD. Genomic stability and telomere regulation in skeletal muscle tissue. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:907-915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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31
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Zhang Y, Matsuzaka T, Yano H, Furuta Y, Nakano T, Ishikawa K, Fukuyo M, Takahashi N, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Ide H, Kobayashi I. Restriction glycosylases: involvement of endonuclease activities in the restriction process. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1392-1403. [PMID: 28180312 PMCID: PMC5388411 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All restriction enzymes examined are phosphodiesterases generating 3΄-OH and 5΄-P ends, but one restriction enzyme (restriction glycosylase) excises unmethylated bases from its recognition sequence. Whether its restriction activity involves endonucleolytic cleavage remains unclear. One report on this enzyme, R.PabI from a hyperthermophile, ascribed the breakage to high temperature while another showed its weak AP lyase activity generates atypical ends. Here, we addressed this issue in mesophiles. We purified R.PabI homologs from Campylobacter coli (R.CcoLI) and Helicobacter pylori (R.HpyAXII) and demonstrated their DNA cleavage, DNA glycosylase and AP lyase activities in vitro at 37°C. The AP lyase activity is more coupled with glycosylase activity in R.CcoLI than in R.PabI. R.CcoLI/R.PabI expression caused restriction of incoming bacteriophage/plasmid DNA and endogenous chromosomal DNA within Escherichia coli at 37°C. The R.PabI-mediated restriction was promoted by AP endonuclease action in vivo or in vitro. These results reveal the role of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage in restriction and yet point to diversity among the endonucleases. The cleaved ends are difficult to repair in vivo, which may indicate their biological significance. These results support generalization of the concept of restriction–modification system to the concept of self-recognizing epigenetic system, which combines any epigenetic labeling and any DNA damaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbiao Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences (formerly Department of Medical Genome Sciences), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsuzaka
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yano
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences (formerly Department of Medical Genome Sciences), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furuta
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences (formerly Department of Medical Genome Sciences), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ken Ishikawa
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences (formerly Department of Medical Genome Sciences), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences (formerly Department of Medical Genome Sciences), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences (formerly Department of Medical Genome Sciences), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ide
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ichizo Kobayashi
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences (formerly Department of Medical Genome Sciences), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560 064, India
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 90 2487 7510; ; ;
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32
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Ströbel T, Madlener S, Tuna S, Vose S, Lagerweij T, Wurdinger T, Vierlinger K, Wöhrer A, Price BD, Demple B, Saydam O, Saydam N. Ape1 guides DNA repair pathway choice that is associated with drug tolerance in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9674. [PMID: 28852018 PMCID: PMC5574897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ape1 is the major apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activity in mammalian cells, and a key factor in base-excision repair of DNA. High expression or aberrant subcellular distribution of Ape1 has been detected in many cancer types, correlated with drug response, tumor prognosis, or patient survival. Here we present evidence that Ape1 facilitates BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination repair (HR), while counteracting error-prone non-homologous end joining of DNA double-strand breaks. Furthermore, Ape1, coordinated with checkpoint kinase Chk2, regulates drug response of glioblastoma cells. Suppression of Ape1/Chk2 signaling in glioblastoma cells facilitates alternative means of damage site recruitment of HR proteins as part of a genomic defense system. Through targeting "HR-addicted" temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells via a chemical inhibitor of Rad51, we demonstrated that targeting HR is a promising strategy for glioblastoma therapy. Our study uncovers a critical role for Ape1 in DNA repair pathway choice, and provides a mechanistic understanding of DNA repair-supported chemoresistance in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ströbel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Serkan Tuna
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Vose
- Vermont Department of Public Health, 108 Cherry St., Burlington, VT, 05402, USA
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Neuro-Oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Wöhrer
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brendan D Price
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Genomic Instability and DNA Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8651, USA
| | - Okay Saydam
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Nurten Saydam
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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Beletsky AV, Malyavko AN, Sukhanova MV, Mardanova ES, Zvereva MI, Petrova OA, Parfenova YY, Rubtsova MP, Mardanov AV, Lavrik OI, Dontsova OA, Ravin NV. The genome-wide transcription response to telomerase deficiency in the thermotolerant yeast Hansenula polymorpha DL-1. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:492. [PMID: 28659185 PMCID: PMC5490237 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the course of replication of eukaryotic chromosomes, the telomere length is maintained due to activity of telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase. Abolishing telomerase function causes progressive shortening of telomeres and, ultimately, cell cycle arrest and replicative senescence. To better understand the cellular response to telomerase deficiency, we performed a transcriptomic study for the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha DL-1 lacking telomerase activity. RESULTS Mutant strain of H. polymorpha carrying a disrupted telomerase RNA gene was produced, grown to senescence and analyzed by RNA-seq along with wild type strain. Telomere shortening induced a transcriptional response involving genes relevant to telomere structure and maintenance, DNA damage response, information processing, and some metabolic pathways. Genes involved in DNA replication and repair, response to environmental stresses and intracellular traffic were up-regulated in senescent H. polymorpha cells, while strong down-regulation was observed for genes involved in transcription and translation, as well as core histones. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of the telomerase deletion transcription responses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and H. polymorpha demonstrates that senescence makes different impact on the main metabolic pathways of these yeast species but induces similar changes in processes related to nucleic acids metabolism and protein synthesis. Up-regulation of a subunit of the TORC1 complex is clearly relevant for both types of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Beletsky
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander N Malyavko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Center of Functional Genomics, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143026, Russia
| | - Maria V Sukhanova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eugenia S Mardanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Maria I Zvereva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Petrova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 40, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu Parfenova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Maria P Rubtsova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Olga A Dontsova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 40, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Center of Functional Genomics, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143026, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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34
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Koskas S, Decottignies A, Dufour S, Pezet M, Verdel A, Vourc’h C, Faure V. Heat shock factor 1 promotes TERRA transcription and telomere protection upon heat stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6321-6333. [PMID: 28369628 PMCID: PMC5499866 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to metabolic or environmental stress, cells activate powerful defense mechanisms to prevent the formation and accumulation of toxic protein aggregates. The main orchestrator of this cellular response is HSF1 (heat shock factor 1), a transcription factor involved in the up-regulation of protein-coding genes with protective roles. It has become very clear that HSF1 has a broader function than initially expected. Indeed, our previous work demonstrated that, upon stress, HSF1 activates the transcription of a non-coding RNA, named Satellite III, at pericentromeric heterochromatin. Here, we observe that the function of HSF1 extends to telomeres and identify subtelomeric DNA as a new genomic target of HSF1. We show that the binding of HSF1 to subtelomeric regions plays an essential role in the upregulation of non-coding TElomeric Repeat containing RNA (TERRA) transcription upon heat shock. Importantly, our data show that telomere integrity is impacted by heat shock and that telomeric DNA damages are markedly enhanced in HSF1 deficient cells. Altogether, our findings reveal a new direct and essential function of HSF1 in the transcriptional activation of TERRA and in telomere protection upon stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Koskas
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Solenne Dufour
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mylène Pezet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - André Verdel
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Claire Vourc’h
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Virginie Faure
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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35
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Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease (APE1) Is Acetylated at DNA Damage Sites in Chromatin, and Acetylation Modulates Its DNA Repair Activity. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00401-16. [PMID: 27994014 PMCID: PMC5335514 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00401-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, the most frequently formed DNA lesions in the genome, inhibit transcription and block replication. The primary enzyme that repairs AP sites in mammalian cells is the AP endonuclease (APE1), which functions through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Although the mechanism by which APE1 repairs AP sites in vitro has been extensively investigated, it is largely unknown how APE1 repairs AP sites in cells. Here, we show that APE1 is acetylated (AcAPE1) after binding to the AP sites in chromatin and that AcAPE1 is exclusively present on chromatin throughout the cell cycle. Positive charges of acetylable lysine residues in the N-terminal domain of APE1 are essential for chromatin association. Acetylation-mediated neutralization of the positive charges of the lysine residues in the N-terminal domain of APE1 induces a conformational change; this in turn enhances the AP endonuclease activity of APE1. In the absence of APE1 acetylation, cells accumulated AP sites in the genome and showed higher sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Thus, mammalian cells, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Escherichia coli cells, require acetylation of APE1 for the efficient repair of AP sites and base damage in the genome. Our study reveals that APE1 acetylation is an integral part of the BER pathway for maintaining genomic integrity.
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36
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE For a healthy cell to turn into a cancer cell and grow out to become a tumor, it needs to undergo a series of complex changes and acquire certain traits, summarized as "The Hallmarks of Cancer." These hallmarks can all be regarded as the result of altered signal transduction cascades and an understanding of these cascades is essential for cancer treatment. RECENT ADVANCES Redox signaling is a long overlooked form of signal transduction that proceeds through the reversible oxidation of cysteines in proteins and that uses hydrogen peroxide as a second messenger. CRITICAL ISSUES In this article, we provide examples that show that redox signaling is involved in the regulation of proteins and signaling cascades that play roles in every hallmark of cancer. FUTURE DIRECTIONS An understanding of how redox signaling and "classical" signal transduction are intertwined could hold promising strategies for cancer therapy in the future. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 300-325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Hornsveld
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, the Netherlands
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37
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Abstract
Telomeres at chromosome ends are nucleoprotein structures consisting of tandem TTAGGG repeats and a complex of proteins termed shelterin. DNA damage and repair at telomeres is uniquely influenced by the ability of telomeric DNA to form alternate structures including loops and G-quadruplexes, coupled with the ability of shelterin proteins to interact with and regulate enzymes in every known DNA repair pathway. The role of shelterin proteins in preventing telomeric ends from being falsely recognized and processed as DNA double strand breaks is well established. Here we focus instead on recent developments in understanding the roles of shelterin proteins and telomeric DNA sequence and structure in processing genuine damage at telomeres induced by endogenous and exogenous DNA damage agents. We will highlight advances in double strand break repair, base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair at telomeres, and will discuss important questions remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fouquerel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dhvani Parikh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Patricia Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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38
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Cho A, Shim JE, Kim E, Supek F, Lehner B, Lee I. MUFFINN: cancer gene discovery via network analysis of somatic mutation data. Genome Biol 2016; 17:129. [PMID: 27333808 PMCID: PMC4918128 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for distinguishing cancer-causing driver mutations from inconsequential passenger mutations is the long-tail of infrequently mutated genes in cancer genomes. Here, we present and evaluate a method for prioritizing cancer genes accounting not only for mutations in individual genes but also in their neighbors in functional networks, MUFFINN (MUtations For Functional Impact on Network Neighbors). This pathway-centric method shows high sensitivity compared with gene-centric analyses of mutation data. Notably, only a marginal decrease in performance is observed when using 10 % of TCGA patient samples, suggesting the method may potentiate cancer genome projects with small patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Shim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eiru Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fran Supek
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Electronics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ben Lehner
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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39
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Londero AP, Orsaria M, Marzinotto S, Grassi T, Fruscalzo A, Calcagno A, Bertozzi S, Nardini N, Stella E, Lellé RJ, Driul L, Tell G, Mariuzzi L. Placental aging and oxidation damage in a tissue micro-array model: an immunohistochemistry study. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:191-204. [PMID: 27106773 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the expression of markers correlated with cellular senescence and DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), p53, p21, APE1/Ref-1 (APE1), interleukin (IL-6 and IL-8) in placentas from healthy and pathologic pregnancies. This retrospective study considered a placental tissue micro-array containing 92 controls from different gestational ages and 158 pathological cases including preeclampsia (PE), HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count), small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurring at different gestational ages. In this study, we demonstrated a significant influence of gestational age on the expression in the trophoblast of 8-OHdG, p53, p21, APE1, and IL-6. In placentas of cases affected by PE, HELLP, or IUGR, there was an increased expression of 8-OHdG, p53, APE1, and IL-6 compared to controls (only IL-8 was significantly decreased in cases). In both groups of pathology between 22- and 34-week gestation and after 34-week gestation, APE1 levels were higher in the trophoblast of women affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than women carrying an IUGR fetus. The cytoplasmic expression of 8-OHdG was increased in placentas in IUGR cases compared to PE or HELLP pregnancies. In cases after 34-week gestation, p21 was higher in SGA and IUGR than in controls and late PE. Moreover, p53 was increased after 34-week gestation in IUGR pregnancies. Placentas from pathological pregnancies had an altered expression of 8-OHdG, p53, p21, APE1, IL-6, and IL-8. The alterations of intracellular pathways involving these elements may be the cause or the consequence of placental dysfunction, but in any case reflect an impaired placental function, possibly due to increased aging velocity in pathologic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrogio P Londero
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy. .,Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S. Polo Hospital, 34074, Monfalcone, GO, Italy.
| | - Maria Orsaria
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzinotto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Arrigo Fruscalzo
- Frauenklinik, St Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude: A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Angelo Calcagno
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Serena Bertozzi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IRCCS CRO, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Nastassia Nardini
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrica Stella
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Ralph J Lellé
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude: A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lorenza Driul
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Mariuzzi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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40
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Li XY, Huang J, Jiang HX, Du YC, Han GM, Kong DM. Molecular logic gates based on DNA tweezers responsive to multiplex restriction endonucleases. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled DNA tweezers containing four different restriction endonuclease recognition sites were designed and a set of logic gates were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University Tianjin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University Tianjin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University Tianjin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University Tianjin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Mei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University Tianjin
- People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University Tianjin
- People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tell
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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42
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Abstract
DNA damage is caused by either endogenous cellular metabolic processes such as hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, and DNA base mismatches, or exogenous sources including ultraviolet (UV) light, ionizing radiation, and chemical agents. Damaged DNA that is not properly repaired can lead to genomic instability, driving tumorigenesis. To protect genomic stability, mammalian cells have evolved highly conserved DNA repair mechanisms to remove and repair DNA lesions. Telomeres are composed of long tandem TTAGGG repeats located at the ends of chromosomes. Maintenance of functional telomeres is critical for preventing genome instability. The telomeric sequence possesses unique features that predispose telomeres to a variety of DNA damage induced by environmental genotoxins. This review briefly describes the relevance of excision repair pathways in telomere maintenance, with the focus on base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and mismatch repair (MMR). By summarizing current knowledge on excision repair of telomere damage and outlining many unanswered questions, it is our hope to stimulate further interest in a better understanding of excision repair processes at telomeres and in how these processes contribute to telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jia
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, United States
| | - Chengtao Her
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, United States
| | - Weihang Chai
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, United States; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, United States.
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43
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Abstract
RecQ helicases are a family of highly conserved proteins that maintain genomic stability through their important roles in replication restart mechanisms. Cellular phenotypes of RECQ1 deficiency are indicative of aberrant repair of stalled replication forks, but the molecular functions of RECQ1, the most abundant of the five known human RecQ homologues, have remained poorly understood. We show that RECQ1 associates with FEN-1 (flap endonuclease-1) in nuclear extracts and exhibits direct protein interaction in vitro. Recombinant RECQ1 significantly stimulated FEN-1 endonucleolytic cleavage of 5'-flap DNA substrates containing non-telomeric or telomeric repeat sequence. RECQ1 and FEN-1 were constitutively present at telomeres and their binding to the telomeric chromatin was enhanced following DNA damage. Telomere residence of FEN-1 was dependent on RECQ1 since depletion of RECQ1 reduced FEN-1 binding to telomeres in unperturbed cycling cells. Our results confirm a conserved collaboration of human RecQ helicases with FEN-1 and suggest both overlapping and specialized roles of RECQ1 in the processing of DNA structure intermediates proposed to arise during replication, repair and recombination.
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44
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Jiang S, Zhu L, Tang H, Zhang M, Chen Z, Fei J, Han B, Zou GM. Ape1 regulates WNT/β-catenin signaling through its redox functional domain in pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:610-20. [PMID: 26081414 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (Ape1/Ref-1, Ape1) is a multifunctional protein that is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer. Ape1 redox domain plays an essential role in regulating the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during physiological metabolism and pathological stress. In the present study, we explored whether Ape1 and ROS affect WNT/β-catenin signaling. We used E3330, a small molecule inhibitor of the redox activity of Ape1, and a siRNA approach to knock down Ape1, in two human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Inhibition of Ape1 resulted in growth suppression of pancreatic cancer cells, increased ROS levels, upregulation of β-catenin and c-myc and downregulation of cyclin D1. Consistent with these data, overexpression of Ape1 in pancreatic cancer cells reduced ROS and c-myc levels and increased cyclin D1 levels. Moreover, treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with H2O2 to induce oxidative stress resulted in upregulated ROS levels, decreased Ape1 at both the mRNA and protein level, and alterations in WNT/β-catenin pathway components. Finally, treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with the WNT/β-catenin inhibitor IWR-1 resulted in growth inhibition, which was greatly enhanced when combined with E3330 treatment. In summary, our results demonstrate that ROS is an important intracellular messenger that can modulate WNT/β‑catenin signaling. The present study provides interesting new insight into crosstalk between the redox function of Ape1 and WNT/β-catenin signaling in cancer cells. Furthermore, our data show that the combination of Ape1 and WNT inhibitors enhanced the inhibition of pancreatic cell proliferation. These results provide a promising novel therapeutic strategy for treating pancreatic cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Haimei Tang
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Miaofeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pediatrics Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatrics Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Baosan Han
- Department of Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Ming Zou
- Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pediatrics Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatrics Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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45
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Hwang BJ, Jin J, Gao Y, Shi G, Madabushi A, Yan A, Guan X, Zalzman M, Nakajima S, Lan L, Lu AL. SIRT6 protein deacetylase interacts with MYH DNA glycosylase, APE1 endonuclease, and Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 checkpoint clamp. BMC Mol Biol 2015; 16:12. [PMID: 26063178 PMCID: PMC4464616 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-015-0041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SIRT6, a member of the NAD+-dependent histone/protein deacetylase family, regulates genomic stability, metabolism, and lifespan. MYH glycosylase and APE1 are two base excision repair (BER) enzymes involved in mutation avoidance from oxidative DNA damage. Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 (9–1–1) checkpoint clamp promotes cell cycle checkpoint signaling and DNA repair. BER is coordinated with the checkpoint machinery and requires chromatin remodeling for efficient repair. SIRT6 is involved in DNA double-strand break repair and has been implicated in BER. Here we investigate the direct physical and functional interactions between SIRT6 and BER enzymes. Results We show that SIRT6 interacts with and stimulates MYH glycosylase and APE1. In addition, SIRT6 interacts with the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp. These interactions are enhanced following oxidative stress. The interdomain connector of MYH is important for interactions with SIRT6, APE1, and 9–1–1. Mutagenesis studies indicate that SIRT6, APE1, and Hus1 bind overlapping but different sequence motifs on MYH. However, there is no competition of APE1, Hus1, or SIRT6 binding to MYH. Rather, one MYH partner enhances the association of the other two partners to MYH. Moreover, APE1 and Hus1 act together to stabilize the MYH/SIRT6 complex. Within human cells, MYH and SIRT6 are efficiently recruited to confined oxidative DNA damage sites within transcriptionally active chromatin, but not within repressive chromatin. In addition, Myh foci induced by oxidative stress and Sirt6 depletion are frequently localized on mouse telomeres. Conclusions Although SIRT6, APE1, and 9-1-1 bind to the interdomain connector of MYH, they do not compete for MYH association. Our findings indicate that SIRT6 forms a complex with MYH, APE1, and 9-1-1 to maintain genomic and telomeric integrity in mammalian cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-015-0041-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Jang Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Ying Gao
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, No.1 Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Guoli Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Amrita Madabushi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Natural and Physical Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Baltimore City Community College, 801 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Austin Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Michal Zalzman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 16 South Eutaw Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Satoshi Nakajima
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Li Lan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - A-Lien Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Ren T, Shan J, Li M, Qing Y, Qian C, Wang G, Li Q, Lu G, Li C, Peng Y, Luo H, Zhang S, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Wang D, Zhou SF. Small-molecule BH3 mimetic and pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor AT-101 enhances the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin through inhibition of APE1 repair and redox activity in non-small-cell lung cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:2887-910. [PMID: 26089640 PMCID: PMC4467754 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s82724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AT-101 is a BH3 mimetic and pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor that has shown potent anticancer activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in murine models, but failed to show clinical efficacy when used in combination with docetaxel in NSCLC patients. Our recent study has demonstrated that AT-101 enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin (CDDP) in a murine model of NSCLC via inhibition of the interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. This study explored the underlying mechanisms for the enhanced anticancer activity of CDDP by AT-101. Our results show that, when compared with monotherapy, AT-101 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of CDDP on proliferation and migration of A549 cells and on tube formation and migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AT-101 promoted the proapoptotic activity of CDDP in A549 cells. AT-101 also enhanced the inhibitory effect of CDDP on DNA repair and redox activities of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in A549 cells. In tumor tissues from nude mice treated with AT-101 plus CDDP or monotherapy, the combination therapy resulted in greater inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation than the monotherapy. These results suggest that AT-101 can enhance the antitumor activity of CDDP in NSCLC via inhibition of APE1 DNA repair and redox activities and by angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded. We are now conducting a Phase II trial to examine the clinical efficacy and safety profile of combined use of AT-101 plus CDDP in advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ren
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jinlu Shan
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Qing
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Qian
- Department of Oncology, The 97 Hospital of PLA, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangjie Wang
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Military District General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Guoshou Lu
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongyi Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Luo
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Yang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Downregulation of the DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 stimulates transforming growth factor-β1 production and promotes actin rearrangement. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Zhou J, Fleming AM, Averill AM, Burrows CJ, Wallace SS. The NEIL glycosylases remove oxidized guanine lesions from telomeric and promoter quadruplex DNA structures. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4039-54. [PMID: 25813041 PMCID: PMC4417164 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex is a four-stranded G-rich DNA structure that is highly susceptible to oxidation. Despite the important roles that G-quadruplexes play in telomere biology and gene transcription, neither the impact of guanine lesions on the stability of quadruplexes nor their repair are well understood. Here, we show that the oxidized guanine lesions 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) reduce the thermostability and alter the folding of telomeric quadruplexes in a location-dependent manner. Also, the NEIL1 and NEIL3 DNA glycosylases can remove hydantoin lesions but none of the glycosylases, including OGG1, are able to remove 8-oxoG from telomeric quadruplexes. Interestingly, a hydantoin lesion at the site most prone to oxidation in quadruplex DNA is not efficiently removed by NEIL1 or NEIL3. However, NEIL1, NEIL2 and NEIL3 remove hydantoins from telomeric quadruplexes formed by five TTAGGG repeats much more rapidly than the commonly studied four-repeat quadruplex structures. We also show that APE1 cleaves furan in selected positions in Na+-coordinated telomeric quadruplexes. In promoter G-quadruplex DNA, the NEIL glycosylases primarily remove Gh from Na+-coordinated antiparallel quadruplexes but not K+-coordinated parallel quadruplexes containing VEGF or c-MYC promoter sequences. Thus, the NEIL DNA glycosylases may be involved in both telomere maintenance and in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Aaron M Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - April M Averill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Cynthia J Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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49
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Kaur G, Cholia RP, Mantha AK, Kumar R. DNA repair and redox activities and inhibitors of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1): a comparative analysis and their scope and limitations toward anticancer drug development. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10241-56. [PMID: 25280182 DOI: 10.1021/jm500865u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in DNA repair and activation of transcription factors through its redox function. The evolutionarily conserved C- and N-termini are involved in these functions independently. It is also reported that the activity of APE1/Ref-1 abruptly increases several-fold in various human cancers. The control over the outcomes of these two functions is emerging as a new strategy to combine enhanced DNA damage and chemotherapy in order to tackle the major hurdle of increased cancer cell growth and proliferation. Studies have targeted these two domains individually for the design and development of inhibitors for APE1/Ref-1. Here, we have made, for the first time, an attempt at a comparative analysis of APE1/Ref-1 inhibitors that target both DNA repair and redox activities simultaneously. We further discuss their scope and limitations with respect to the development of potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab , Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
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Human AP endonuclease 1: a potential marker for the prediction of environmental carcinogenesis risk. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:730301. [PMID: 25243052 PMCID: PMC4158471 DOI: 10.1155/2014/730301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) functions mainly in DNA repair as an enzyme removing AP sites and in redox signaling as a coactivator of various transcription factors. Based on these multifunctions of APE1 within cells, numerous studies have reported that the alteration of APE1 could be a crucial factor in development of human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. In fact, the study on the combination of an individual's genetic make-up with environmental factors (gene-environment interaction) is of great importance to understand the development of diseases, especially lethal diseases including cancer. Recent reports have suggested that the human carcinogenic risk following exposure to environmental toxicants is affected by APE1 alterations in terms of gene-environment interactions. In this review, we initially outline the critical APE1 functions in the various intracellular mechanisms including DNA repair and redox regulation and its roles in human diseases. Several findings demonstrate that the change in expression and activity as well as genetic variability of APE1 caused by environmental chemical (e.g., heavy metals and cigarette smoke) and physical carcinogens (ultraviolet and ionizing radiation) is likely associated with various cancers. These enable us to ultimately suggest APE1 as a vital marker for the prediction of environmental carcinogenesis risk.
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