1
|
Inamoto T, Furuta K, Han C, Uneme M, Kano T, Ishikawa K, Kaito C. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate dendrite elongation in dendritic cells by inhibiting histone deacetylase. FEBS J 2023; 290:5794-5810. [PMID: 37646105 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells activate immune responses by presenting pathogen-derived molecules. The dendrites of dendritic cells contribute to the incorporation of foreign antigens or presenting antigens to T cells. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids, have many effects on immune responses by activating specific receptors or inhibiting a histone deacetylase (HDAC), although their effect on dendrite formation in dendritic cells is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SCFAs on dendrite elongation using a dendritic cell line (DC2.4 cells) and mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. We found that SCFAs induced dendrite elongation. The elongation was reduced by inhibitors of Src family kinase (SFK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Rho family GTPases (Cdc42, Rac1) or actin polymerization, indicating that SCFAs promote dendrite elongation by activating actin polymerization via the SFK/PI3K/Rho family GTPase signaling pathway. We showed that agonists for SCFA receptors GPR43 and GPR109a did not promote dendrite elongation. By contrast, HDAC inhibitors, including trichostatin A, promoted dendrite elongation in DC2.4 cells, and the promoting activity of trichostatin A was decreased by inhibiting the SFK/PI3K/Rho family GTPase signaling pathway or actin polymerization. Furthermore, DC2.4 cells treated with valeric acid showed enhanced uptake of soluble proteins, insoluble beads and Staphylococcus aureus. We also found that treatment with valeric acid enhanced major histocompatibility complex class II-mediated antigen presentation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. These results suggest that SCFAs promote dendrite elongation by inhibiting HDAC, stimulating the SFK/PI3K/Rho family pathway and activating actin polymerization, resulting in increased antigen uptake and presentation in dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuho Inamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Cheng Han
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Mio Uneme
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Chikara Kaito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Filipello F, You SF, Mirfakhar FS, Mahali S, Bollman B, Acquarone M, Korvatska O, Marsh JA, Sivaraman A, Martinez R, Cantoni C, De Feo L, Ghezzi L, Minaya MA, Renganathan A, Cashikar AG, Satoh JI, Beatty W, Iyer AK, Cella M, Raskind WH, Piccio L, Karch CM. Defects in lysosomal function and lipid metabolism in human microglia harboring a TREM2 loss of function mutation. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:749-772. [PMID: 37115208 PMCID: PMC10175346 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
TREM2 is an innate immune receptor expressed by microglia in the adult brain. Genetic variation in the TREM2 gene has been implicated in risk for Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia, while homozygous TREM2 mutations cause a rare leukodystrophy, Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD). Despite extensive investigation, the role of TREM2 in NHD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which a homozygous stop-gain TREM2 mutation (p.Q33X) contributes to NHD. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia (iMGLs) were generated from two NHD families: three homozygous TREM2 p.Q33X mutation carriers (termed NHD), two heterozygous mutation carriers, one related non-carrier, and two unrelated non-carriers. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses revealed that iMGLs from NHD patients exhibited lysosomal dysfunction, downregulation of cholesterol genes, and reduced lipid droplets compared to controls. Also, NHD iMGLs displayed defective activation and HLA antigen presentation. This defective activation and lipid droplet content were restored by enhancing lysosomal biogenesis through mTOR-dependent and independent pathways. Alteration in lysosomal gene expression, such as decreased expression of genes implicated in lysosomal acidification (ATP6AP2) and chaperone mediated autophagy (LAMP2), together with reduction in lipid droplets were also observed in post-mortem brain tissues from NHD patients, thus closely recapitulating in vivo the phenotype observed in iMGLs in vitro. Our study provides the first cellular and molecular evidence that the TREM2 p.Q33X mutation in microglia leads to defects in lysosomal function and that compounds targeting lysosomal biogenesis restore a number of NHD microglial defects. A better understanding of how microglial lipid metabolism and lysosomal machinery are altered in NHD and how these defects impact microglia activation may provide new insights into mechanisms underlying NHD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Filipello
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shih-Feng You
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Sidhartha Mahali
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bryan Bollman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mariana Acquarone
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Olena Korvatska
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob A Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anirudh Sivaraman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rita Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luca De Feo
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miguel A Minaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arun Renganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anil G Cashikar
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Satoh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wandy Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Abhirami K Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department Of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wendy H Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Charles Perkins Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bandola-Simon J, Roche PA. Regulation of MHC class II and CD86 expression by March-I in immunity and disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 82:102325. [PMID: 37075597 PMCID: PMC10330218 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The expression of MHC-II and CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) must be tightly regulated to foster antigen-specific CD4 T-cell activation and to prevent autoimmunity. Surface expression of these proteins is regulated by their dynamic ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I. March-I promotes turnover of peptide-MHC-II complexes on resting APCs and termination of March-I expression promotes MHC-II and CD86 surface stability. In this review, we will highlight recent studies examining March-I function in both normal and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bandola-Simon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li M, Zhou H, Wu N, Deng W, Dong W, Sun X, Liu H, Tian Z, Wang Y. Pathogen Recognition-Driven Dendritic Cell-Specific Gene Silencing and Editing. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2733-2742. [PMID: 36930562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in both the induction of the immune response and the maintenance of immune tolerance, with any malfunction of DCs potentially causing several diseases. While gene-based therapy for DC manipulation is a promising approach, it remains challenging due to the lack of efficient delivery systems for DC targeting. Herein, we describe a novel bacterial nanomedicine (BNM) system for pathogen recognition-mediated DCs-specific gene silencing and gene editing. BNMs contain components from bacterial outer membranes and achieve efficient DC targeting through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors on DCs. The targeting efficiency of BNMs is reduced in DCs lacking toll-like receptor 4, which is responsible for recognizing lipopolysaccharide, a major component of the bacterial outer membrane. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we present gene-based therapy mediated by BNMs for enhancing antigen cross-presentation in DCs, which generates a remarkable antitumor effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Han Zhou
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Namei Wu
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wuxian Deng
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wang Dong
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xun Sun
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hang Liu
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Melgoza-González EA, Bustamante-Córdova L, Hernández J. Recent advances in antigen targeting to antigen-presenting cells in veterinary medicine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1080238. [PMID: 36969203 PMCID: PMC10038197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in antigen targeting in veterinary medicine have gained traction over the years as an alternative approach for diseases that remain a challenge for traditional vaccines. In addition to the nature of the immunogen, antigen-targeting success relies heavily on the chosen receptor for its direct influence on the elicited response that will ensue after antigen uptake. Different approaches using antibodies, natural or synthetic ligands, fused proteins, and DNA vaccines have been explored in various veterinary species, with pigs, cattle, sheep, and poultry as the most frequent models. Antigen-presenting cells can be targeted using a generic approach, such as broadly expressed receptors such as MHC-II, CD80/86, CD40, CD83, etc., or focused on specific cell populations such as dendritic cells or macrophages (Langerin, DC-SIGN, XCR1, DC peptides, sialoadhesin, mannose receptors, etc.) with contrasting results. Interestingly, DC peptides show high specificity to DCs, boosting activation, stimulating cellular and humoral responses, and a higher rate of clinical protection. Likewise, MHC-II targeting shows consistent results in enhancing both immune responses; an example of this strategy of targeting is the approved vaccine against the bovine viral diarrhea virus in South America. This significant milestone opens the door to continuing efforts toward antigen-targeting vaccines to benefit animal health. This review discusses the recent advances in antigen targeting to antigen-presenting cells in veterinary medicine, with a special interest in pigs, sheep, cattle, poultry, and dogs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rusilowicz-Jones EV, Brazel AJ, Frigenti F, Urbé S, Clague MJ. Membrane compartmentalisation of the ubiquitin system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:171-184. [PMID: 34895815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We now have a comprehensive inventory of ubiquitin system components. Understanding of any system also needs an appreciation of how components are organised together. Quantitative proteomics has provided us with a census of their relative populations in several model cell types. Here, by examining large scale unbiased data sets, we seek to identify and map those components, which principally reside on the major organelles of the endomembrane system. We present the consensus distribution of > 50 ubiquitin modifying enzymes, E2s, E3s and DUBs, that possess transmembrane domains. This analysis reveals that the ER and endosomal compartments have a diverse cast of resident E3s, whilst the Golgi and mitochondria operate with a more restricted palette. We describe key functions of ubiquitylation that are specific to each compartment and relate this to their signature complement of ubiquitin modifying components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Rusilowicz-Jones
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Ailbhe J Brazel
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth W23 F2K6, Ireland
| | - Francesca Frigenti
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Michael J Clague
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) NS1' Enhances the Viral Infection of Dendritic Cells (DCs) and Macrophages in Pig Tonsils. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0114722. [PMID: 35730942 PMCID: PMC9430915 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01147-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are the amplifying hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Currently, the safe and effective live attenuated vaccine made of JEV strain SA14-14-2, which does not express NS1', is widely used in humans and domestic animals to prevent JEV infection. In this study, we constructed the NS1' expression recombinant virus (rA66G) through a single nucleotide mutation in NS2A of JEV strain SA14-14-2. Animal experiments showed that NS1' significantly enhanced JEV infection in pig central nervous system (CNS) and tonsil tissues. Pigs shed virus in oronasal secretions in the JEV rA66G virus inoculation group, indicating that NS1' may facilitate the horizontal transmission of JEV. Additionally, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are the main target cells of JEV infection in pig tonsils, which are an important site of persistent JEV infection. The reduction of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pig tonsils caused by viral infection may create a beneficial environment for persistent JEV infection. These results are of significance for JEV infection in pigs and lay the foundation for future studies of JEV persistent infection in pig tonsils. IMPORTANCE Pigs are amplification hosts for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV can persist in the tonsils for months despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies. The present study shows that NS1' increases JEV infection in pig tonsils. In addition, DCs and macrophages in the tonsils are the target cells for JEV infection, and JEV NS1' promotes virus infection in DCs and macrophages. This study reveals a novel function of JEV NS1' protein and lays the foundation for future studies of JEV persistent infection in pig tonsils.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim HJ, Bandola-Simon J, Ishido S, Wong NW, Koparde VN, Cam M, Roche PA. Ubiquitination of MHC Class II by March-I Regulates Dendritic Cell Fitness. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:494-504. [PMID: 33318291 PMCID: PMC9169697 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The expression and turnover of Ag-specific peptide-MHC class II (pMHC-II) on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for their ability to efficiently activate CD4 T cells. Ubiquitination of pMHC-II by the E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I regulates surface expression and survival of pMHC-II in DCs. We now show that despite their high levels of surface pMHC-II, MHC class II (MHC-II) ubiquitination-deficient mouse DCs are functionally defective; they are poor stimulators of naive CD4 T cells and secrete IL-12 in response to LPS stimulation poorly. MHC-II ubiquitination-mutant DC defects are cell intrinsic, and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates that these DCs have an altered gene expression signature as compared with wild-type DCs. Curiously, these functional and gene transcription defects are reversed by activating the DCs with LPS. These results show that dysregulation of MHC-II turnover suppresses DC development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hei Jung Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joanna Bandola-Simon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Nathan W Wong
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Vishal N Koparde
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Maggie Cam
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang L, Fang X, Zhang X, Wu W, Yao H, Fang Q. RON Expression Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Dendritic Cell Maturation via March-I. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:606340. [PMID: 33537243 PMCID: PMC7848161 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.606340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage stimulating protein (MSP)-Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) signaling pathway regulates macrophage function. Here, we verified RON receptor expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) by real time-PCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in MHC II and CD86 expression following the inhibition of RON in BMDCs and splenic dendritic cells (DCs). Immunoprecipitation and Western blot were used to detect the level of MHC II and CD86 ubiquitination. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect cytokine release, and a mixed lymphocyte reaction was performed to evaluate DC maturity. The results show that the inhibition of RON leads to an increase in March-1 transcription, which intensifies the ubiquitination of MHC II and CD86 and ultimately leads to a decreased level of these two molecules. The mixed lymphocyte reaction provided evidence that RON inhibition decreased the ability of DCs to promote the proliferation of T cells. The MSP-RON signaling pathway may play an important role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DC maturation through March-I and may protect DC differentiation following LPS stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Huang
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueling Fang
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou X, Sun SC. Targeting ubiquitin signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33436547 PMCID: PMC7804490 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become an attractive approach of cancer treatment with tremendous success in treating various advanced malignancies. The development and clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors represent one of the most extraordinary accomplishments in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, considerable progress is being made in understanding the mechanism of antitumor immunity and characterizing novel targets for developing additional therapeutic approaches. One active area of investigation is protein ubiquitination, a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that regulates the function of diverse immune cells in antitumor immunity. Accumulating studies suggest that E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases form a family of potential targets to be exploited for enhancing antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Human leukocyte antigen class II quantification by targeted mass spectrometry in dendritic-like cell lines and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1028. [PMID: 33441579 PMCID: PMC7807004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex II (HLA-II) facilitates the presentation of antigen-derived peptides to CD4+ T-cells. Antigen presentation is not only affected by peptide processing and intracellular trafficking, but also by mechanisms that govern HLA-II abundance such as gene expression, biosynthesis and degradation. Herein we describe a mass spectrometry (MS) based HLA-II-protein quantification method, applied to dendritic-like cells (KG-1 and MUTZ-3) and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). This method monitors the proteotypic peptides VEHWGLDKPLLK, VEHWGLDQPLLK and VEHWGLDEPLLK, mapping to the α-chains HLA-DQA1, -DPA1 and -DRA1/DQA2, respectively. Total HLA-II was detected at 176 and 248 fmol per million unstimulated KG-1 and MUTZ-3 cells, respectively. In contrast, TNF- and LPS-induced MUTZ-3 cells showed a 50- and 200-fold increase, respectively, of total α-chain as measured by MS. HLA-II protein levels in unstimulated DCs varied significantly between donors ranging from ~ 4 to ~ 50 pmol per million DCs. Cell surface HLA-DR levels detected by flow cytometry increased 2- to 3-fold after DC activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in contrast to a decrease or no change in total HLA α-chain as determined by MS. HLA-DRA1 was detected as the predominant variant, representing > 90% of total α-chain, followed by DPA1 and DQA1 at 3-7% and ≤ 1%, respectively.
Collapse
|
12
|
The immune receptor CD300e negatively regulates T cell activation by impairing the STAT1-dependent antigen presentation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16501. [PMID: 33020563 PMCID: PMC7536427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD300e is a surface receptor, expressed by myeloid cells, involved in the tuning of immune responses. CD300e engagement was reported to provide the cells with survival signals, to trigger the expression of activation markers and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, CD300e is considered an immune activating receptor. In this study, we demonstrate that the ligation of CD300e in monocytes hampers the expression of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II, affecting its synthesis. This effect, which is associated with the transcription impairment of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), overcomes the capacity of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to promote the expression of the antigen-presenting molecules. Importantly, the decreased expression of HLA-II on the surface of CD300e-activated monocytes negatively impacts their capacity to activate T cells in an antigen-specific manner. Notably, unlike in vitro- differentiated macrophages which do not express CD300e, the immune receptor is expressed by tissue macrophages. Taken together, our findings argue against the possibility that this molecule should be considered an activating immune receptor sensu stricto. Moreover, our results support the notion that CD300e might be a new player in the regulation of the expansion of T cell-mediated responses.
Collapse
|
13
|
Masaki K, Hiraki Y, Onishi H, Satoh Y, Roche PA, Tanaka S, Furuta K. Ligation of MHC Class II Induces PKC-Dependent Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of MHC Class II. Cells 2020; 9:E1810. [PMID: 32751549 PMCID: PMC7465434 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells, aggregation of cell surface major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules induces signal transduction in antigen presenting cells that regulate cellular functions. We previously reported that crosslinking of MHC-II induced the endocytosis of MHC-II, which was associated with decreased surface expression levels in murine dendritic cells (DCs) and resulted in impaired activation of CD4+ T cells. However, the downstream signal that induces MHC-II endocytosis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that the crosslinking of MHC-II induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, which was necessary for crosslinking-induced MHC-II endocytosis. We also found that these events were suppressed by inhibitors of Syk and phospholipase C (PLC). Treatments with a phorbol ester promoted MHC-II endocytosis, whereas inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) suppressed crosslinking-induced endocytosis of MHC-II. These results suggest that PKC could be involved in this process. Furthermore, crosslinking-induced MHC-II endocytosis was suppressed by inhibitors of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Our results indicate that the crosslinking of MHC-II could stimulate Ca2+ mobilization and induce the clathrin-dependent endocytosis of MHC-II in murine DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Masaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuhji Hiraki
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroka Onishi
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Yuka Satoh
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Paul A. Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi Nakauchi-cho 5, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan;
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiao F, Li Z, He C, Xu W, Yang G, Liu T, Shen H, Cai J, Anastas JN, Mao Y, Yu Y, Lan F, Shi YG, Jones C, Xu Y, Baker SJ, Shi Y, Guo R. RACK7 recognizes H3.3G34R mutation to suppress expression of MHC class II complex components and their delivery pathway in pediatric glioblastoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba2113. [PMID: 32832624 PMCID: PMC7439511 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Histone H3 point mutations have been identified in incurable pediatric brain cancers, but the mechanisms through which these mutations drive tumorigenesis are incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that RACK7 (ZMYND8) recognizes the histone H3.3 patient mutation (H3.3G34R) in vitro and in vivo. We show that RACK7 binding to H3.3G34R suppresses transcription of CIITA, which is the master regulator of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II molecules and genes involved in vesicular transport of MHC class II molecules to the cell surface, resulting in suppression of MHC class II molecule expression and transport. CRISPR-based knock-in correction of the H3.3G34R mutation in human pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) cells significantly reduces overall RACK7 chromatin binding and derepresses the same set of genes as does knocking out RACK7 in the H3.3G34R pGBM cells. By demonstrating that H3.3G34R and RACK7 work together, our findings suggest a potential molecular mechanism by which H3.3G34R promotes cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jiao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ze Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gensheng Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongjie Shen
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiajun Cai
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jamie N. Anastas
- Newborn Medicine Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ying Mao
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujiang Geno Shi
- Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Suzanne J. Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Newborn Medicine Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grosche L, Knippertz I, König C, Royzman D, Wild AB, Zinser E, Sticht H, Muller YA, Steinkasserer A, Lechmann M. The CD83 Molecule - An Important Immune Checkpoint. Front Immunol 2020; 11:721. [PMID: 32362900 PMCID: PMC7181454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD83 molecule has been identified to be expressed on numerous activated immune cells, including B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, microglia, and neutrophils. Both isoforms of CD83, the membrane-bound as well as its soluble form are topic of intensive research investigations. Several studies revealed that CD83 is not a typical co-stimulatory molecule, but rather plays a critical role in controlling and resolving immune responses. Moreover, CD83 is an essential factor during the differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and the development and maintenance of tolerance. The identification of its interaction partners as well as signaling pathways have been an enigma for the last decades. Here, we report the latest data on the expression, structure, and the signaling partners of CD83. In addition, we review the regulatory functions of CD83, including its striking modulatory potential to maintain the balance between tolerance versus inflammation during homeostasis or pathologies. These immunomodulatory properties of CD83 emphasize its exceptional therapeutic potential, which has been documented in specific preclinical disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grosche
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilka Knippertz
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina König
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmytro Royzman
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Zinser
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yves A. Muller
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Lechmann
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cho KJ, Ishido S, Eisenlohr LC, Roche PA. Activation of Dendritic Cells Alters the Mechanism of MHC Class II Antigen Presentation to CD4 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1621-1629. [PMID: 31996461 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both immature and mature dendritic cells (DCs) can process and present foreign Ags to CD4 T cells; however, the mechanism by which MHC class II (MHC-II) in mature DCs acquires antigenic peptides remains unknown. To address this, we have studied Ag processing and presentation of two distinct CD4 T cell epitopes of the influenza virus hemagglutinin coat protein by both immature and mature mouse DCs. We find that immature DCs almost exclusively use newly synthesized MHC-II targeted to DM+ late endosomes for presentation to influenza virus-specific CD4 T cells. By contrast, mature DCs exclusively use recycling MHC-II that traffics to both early and late endosomes for antigenic peptide binding. Rab11a knockdown partially inhibits recycling of MHC-II in mature DCs and selectively inhibits presentation of an influenza virus hemagglutinin CD4 T cell epitope generated in early endosomes. These studies highlight a "division of labor" in MHC-II peptide binding, in which immature DCs preferentially present Ags acquired in Rab11a- DM+ late endosomes, whereas mature DCs use recycling MHC-II to present antigenic peptides acquired in both Rab11a+ early endosomes and Rab11a- endosomes for CD4 T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Cho
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 663-8501 Japan
| | - Laurence C Eisenlohr
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and.,Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Regulation of Cancer Immune Checkpoint: Mono- and Poly-Ubiquitination: Tags for Fate. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:295-324. [PMID: 32185716 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The antagonism, stalemate and compromise between the immune system and tumor cells is closely associated with tumor development and progression. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made continuous breakthroughs. It has become an important approach for cancer treatment, improving the survival and prognosis of more and more tumor patients. Further investigating the mechanism of tumor immune regulation, and exploring tumor immunotherapy targets with high specificity and wide applicability will provide researchers and clinicians with favorable weapons towards cancer. Ubiquitination affects protein fate through influencing the activity, stability and location of target protein. The regulation of substrate protein fate by ubiquitination is involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, immune response, protein degradation and quality control. E3 ubiquitin ligase selectively recruits specific protein substrates through specific protein-protein interactions to determine the specificity of the overall ubiquitin modification reaction. Immune-checkpoint inhibitory pathway is an important mechanism for tumor cells to evade immune killing, which can inhibit T cell activity. Blocking the immune checkpoints and activating T cells through targeting the negative regulatory factors of T cell activation and removing the "brake" of T lymphocytes can enhance T cells immune response against tumors. Therefore, blocking the immune checkpoint is one of the methods to enhance the activity of T cells, and it is also a hot target for the development of anti-tumor drugs in recent years, whose inhibitors have shown good effect in specific tumor treatment. Ubiquitination, as one of the most important posttranslational modification of proteins, also modulates the expression, intracellular trafficking, subcellular and membranous location of immune checkpoints, regulating the immune surveillance of T cells to tumors.
Collapse
|
18
|
Thibodeau J, Moulefera MA, Balthazard R. On the structure–function of MHC class II molecules and how single amino acid polymorphisms could alter intracellular trafficking. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
19
|
Tan C, Byrne EFX, Ah-Cann C, Call MJ, Call ME. A serine in the first transmembrane domain of the human E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH9 is critical for down-regulation of its protein substrates. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2470-2485. [PMID: 30554144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases regulates the levels of cell-surface membrane proteins, many of which are involved in immune responses. Although their role in ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis and degradation of cell-surface proteins is extensively documented, the features of MARCH proteins and their substrates that drive the molecular recognition events leading to ubiquitin transfer remain poorly defined. In this study, we sought to determine the features of human MARCH9 that are required for regulating the surface levels of its substrate proteins. Consistent with previous studies of other MARCH proteins, we found that susceptibility to MARCH9 activity is encoded in the transmembrane (TM) domains of its substrates. Accordingly, substitutions at specific residues and motifs within MARCH9's TM domains resulted in varying degrees of functional impairment. Most notably, a single serine-to-alanine substitution in the first of its two TM domains rendered MARCH9 completely unable to alter the surface levels of two different substrates: the major histocompatibility class I molecule HLA-A2 and the T-cell co-receptor CD4. Solution NMR analysis of a MARCH9 fragment encompassing the two TM domains and extracellular connecting loop revealed that the residues contributing most to MARCH9 activity are located in the α-helical portions of TM1 and TM2 that are closest to the extracellular face of the lipid bilayer. This observation defines a key region required for substrate regulation. In summary, our biochemical and structural findings demonstrate that specific sequences in the α-helical MARCH9 TM domains make crucial contributions to its ability to down-regulate its protein substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Tan
- From the Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eamon F X Byrne
- the Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and
| | - Casey Ah-Cann
- the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,the ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Call
- From the Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia, .,the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- From the Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia, .,the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Drake JR. The immunobiology of ubiquitin-dependent B cell receptor functions. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:146-154. [PMID: 29940407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation by dendritic cells is necessary for activation of naïve CD4 T cells, whereas class II-restricted antigen presentation by B lymphocytes and macrophages is important for the recruitment of CD4+ helper and regulatory T cells. Antigen presentation by B cells is also important for induction of T cell tolerance. B cells are unique among these three types of MHC class II-expressing antigen presenting cells (APC) as they constitutively express high levels of cell surface class II molecules and express a clonally restricted antigen specific receptor, the B cell receptor (BCR). Here, I review our current understanding of three major steps that underlie the processing and presentation of BCR-bound cognate antigen: (1) endocytosis of antigen-BCR (Ag-BCR) complexes, (2) Ag-BCR trafficking to intracellular antigen processing compartments and (3) generation of antigenic peptide-MHC class II complexes, with a particular focus on the role of BCR ubiquitination in each. I will highlight potential topics for future research and briefly discuss the impact of the cell biology of BCR-mediated antigen processing on the response of the B cell and T cell to the cell-cell interactions mediated by B cell-expressed peptide-class II complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Drake
- Albany Medical College, Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, 47 New Scotland Ave., MC-151, Albany, NY 12208-3479, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gogoi M, Ravikumar V, Dixit NM, Chakravortty D. Salmonella escapes antigen presentation through K63 ubiquitination mediated endosomal proteolysis of MHC II via modulation of endosomal acidification in dendritic cells. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4775126. [PMID: 29293966 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T-cell response is vital for successful clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Efficient antigen presentation is crucial for effective CD4+ T-cell response. Previous study has reported that Salmonella abrogates antigen presentation capacity of dendritic cells in order to escape host adaptive immune response. In this study, we have elucidated the mechanism of Salmonella-mediated downregulation of the total cellular Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II pool in dendritic cells. Infected dendritic cells show upregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligase, MARCH1 expression and K63-linked ubiquitination of MHC II. Salmonella infection also enhances the internalisation of ubiquitin-tagged MHC II molecules that are subsequently degraded by endosomal proteases. In addition, Salmonella regulates the activation of endosomal proteases by lowering the pH of endosomes. In infected dendritic cells, Salmonella delays NOX2 recruitment to the phagosomes thereby preventing its alkalinisation. NOX2 is a significant part of innate immune response against pathogens as it is responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. In this study, we have demonstrated how Salmonella evades MHC II-mediated adaptive immune response in dendritic cells through enhanced endosomal proteolysis. To escape host CD4+T response, Salmonella delays NOX2 recruitment, an innate immune response element to the phagosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gogoi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Visweswaran Ravikumar
- Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Narendra M Dixit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lei L, Bandola-Simon J, Roche PA. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D1 (Ube2D1) mediates lysine-independent ubiquitination of the E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3904-3912. [PMID: 29414787 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
March-I is a membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligase belonging to the membrane-associated RING-CH (March) family. March-I ubiquitinates and down-regulates the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) in antigen-presenting cells. March-I expression is regulated both transcriptionally and posttranslationally, and it has been reported that March-I is ubiquitinated and that this ubiquitination contributes to March-I turnover. However, the molecular mechanism regulating March-I ubiquitination and the importance of March-I's E3 ligase activity for March-I ubiquitination are not fully understood. Here we confirmed that, although March-I is ubiquitinated, it is not ubiquitinated on a lysine residue, as a lysine-less March-I variant was ubiquitinated similarly as wildtype March-I. We found that March-I E3 ligase activity is not required for its ubiquitination and does not regulate March-I protein expression, suggesting that March-I does not undergo autoubiquitination. Knocking down ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D1 (Ube2D1) impaired March-I ubiquitination, increased March-I expression, and enhanced March-I-dependent down-regulation of MHC-II proteins. Taken together, our results suggest that March-I undergoes lysine-independent ubiquitination by an as yet unidentified E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with Ube2D1, regulates March-I expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- From the Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Joanna Bandola-Simon
- From the Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Paul A Roche
- From the Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kaul S, Mittal SK, Roche PA. A major isoform of the E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I in antigen-presenting cells has regulatory sequences within its gene. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4478-4485. [PMID: 29378848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) expression is important not only to maintain a diverse pool of MHC-II-peptide complexes but also to prevent development of autoimmunity. The membrane-associated RING-CH (March) E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I regulates ubiquitination and turnover of MHC-II-peptide complexes in resting dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells. However, activation of either cell type terminates March-I expression, thereby stabilizing MHC-II-peptide complexes. Despite March-I's important role in the biology of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), how expression of March-I mRNA is regulated remains unknown. We now show that both DCs and B cells possess a distinct isoform of March-I whose expression is regulated by a promoter located within the March-I gene. Using March-I promoter fragments to drive expression of GFP, we also identified a core promoter for expression of March-I in DCs and B cells, but not in fibroblasts, kidney cells, or epithelial cells, that contains regulatory regions that down-regulate March-I expression upon activation of DCs. Curiously, we found downstream sequence elements, present in the first coding exon of March-I in APCs, that confer regulation of March-I expression in activated APCs. In summary, our study identifies regulatory regions of the March-I gene that confer APC-specific expression and activation-induced modulation of March-I expression in DCs and B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kaul
- From the Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- From the Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Paul A Roche
- From the Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bayer-Santos E, Durkin CH, Rigano LA, Kupz A, Alix E, Cerny O, Jennings E, Liu M, Ryan AS, Lapaque N, Kaufmann SHE, Holden DW. The Salmonella Effector SteD Mediates MARCH8-Dependent Ubiquitination of MHC II Molecules and Inhibits T Cell Activation. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 20:584-595. [PMID: 27832589 PMCID: PMC5104694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The SPI-2 type III secretion system (T3SS) of intracellular Salmonella enterica translocates effector proteins into mammalian cells. Infection of antigen-presenting cells results in SPI-2 T3SS-dependent ubiquitination and reduction of surface-localized mature MHC class II (mMHCII). We identify the effector SteD as required and sufficient for this process. In Mel Juso cells, SteD localized to the Golgi network and vesicles containing the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 and mMHCII. SteD caused MARCH8-dependent ubiquitination and depletion of surface mMHCII. One of two transmembrane domains and the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of SteD mediated binding to MARCH8 and mMHCII, respectively. Infection of dendritic cells resulted in SteD-dependent depletion of surface MHCII, the co-stimulatory molecule B7.2, and suppression of T cell activation. SteD also accounted for suppression of T cell activation during Salmonella infection of mice. We propose that SteD is an adaptor, forcing inappropriate ubiquitination of mMHCII by MARCH8 and thereby suppressing T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Bayer-Santos
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charlotte H Durkin
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Luciano A Rigano
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Eric Alix
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ondrej Cerny
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elliott Jennings
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mei Liu
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aindrias S Ryan
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicolas Lapaque
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas 78352, France; AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - David W Holden
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Johnson DE, Ostrowski P, Jaumouillé V, Grinstein S. The position of lysosomes within the cell determines their luminal pH. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:677-92. [PMID: 26975849 PMCID: PMC4792074 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of luminal lysosomal pH in combination with heterologous expression of lysosomal-associated proteins indicates that peripheral lysosomes are more alkaline than juxtanuclear ones and that depletion of Rab7 and its effector, RILP, are associated with and can account for the reduced acidification. We examined the luminal pH of individual lysosomes using quantitative ratiometric fluorescence microscopy and report an unappreciated heterogeneity: peripheral lysosomes are less acidic than juxtanuclear ones despite their comparable buffering capacity. An increased passive (leak) permeability to protons, together with reduced vacuolar H+–adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) activity, accounts for the reduced acidifying ability of peripheral lysosomes. The altered composition of peripheral lysosomes is due, at least in part, to more limited access to material exported by the biosynthetic pathway. The balance between Rab7 and Arl8b determines the subcellular localization of lysosomes; more peripheral lysosomes have reduced Rab7 density. This in turn results in decreased recruitment of Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), an effector that regulates the recruitment and stability of the V1G1 component of the lysosomal V-ATPase. Deliberate margination of lysosomes is associated with reduced acidification and impaired proteolytic activity. The heterogeneity in lysosomal pH may be an indication of a broader functional versatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Johnson
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Philip Ostrowski
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Valentin Jaumouillé
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oh J, Shin JS. Molecular mechanism and cellular function of MHCII ubiquitination. Immunol Rev 2016; 266:134-44. [PMID: 26085212 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) is ubiquitinated via the evolutionarily conserved lysine in the cytoplasmic tail of the β chain in dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells. The ubiquitination is mediated by the membrane-associated RING-CH1 (MARCH1) ubiquitin ligase although it can be also mediated by the homologous ligase MARCH8 in model cell lines. The ubiquitination promotes MHCII endocytosis and lysosomal sorting that results in a reduction in the level of MHCII at cell surface. Functionally, MHCII ubiquitination serves as a means by which DCs suppress MHCII expression and reduce antigen presentation in response to the immune regulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and regulatory T cells. Recently, additional roles of MHCII ubiquitination have emerged. MHCII ubiquitination promoted DC production of inflammatory cytokines in response to the Toll-like receptor ligands. It also potentiated DC ability to activate antigen-specific naive CD4(+) T cells while limiting the amount of antigens presented at cell surface. Similarly, MHCII ubiquitination promoted DC activation of CD4(+) thymocytes supporting regulatory T-cell development independent of its effect of limiting antigen presentation. Thus, ubiquitination appears to confer MHCII a function independent of presenting antigens by a mechanism yet to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehak Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeoung-Sook Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Harton J, Jin L, Hahn A, Drake J. Immunological Functions of the Membrane Proximal Region of MHC Class II Molecules. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27006762 PMCID: PMC4798158 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7610.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules present exogenously derived antigen peptides to CD4 T cells, driving activation of naïve T cells and supporting CD4-driven immune functions. However, MHC class II molecules are not inert protein pedestals that simply bind and present peptides. These molecules also serve as multi-functional signaling molecules delivering activation, differentiation, or death signals (or a combination of these) to B cells, macrophages, as well as MHC class II-expressing T cells and tumor cells. Although multiple proteins are known to associate with MHC class II, interaction with STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and CD79 is essential for signaling. In addition, alternative transmembrane domain pairing between class II α and β chains influences association with membrane lipid sub-domains, impacting both signaling and antigen presentation. In contrast to the membrane-distal region of the class II molecule responsible for peptide binding and T-cell receptor engagement, the membrane-proximal region (composed of the connecting peptide, transmembrane domain, and cytoplasmic tail) mediates these "non-traditional" class II functions. Here, we review the literature on the function of the membrane-proximal region of the MHC class II molecule and discuss the impact of this aspect of class II immunobiology on immune regulation and human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Harton
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208-3479, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208-3479, USA
| | - Amy Hahn
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208-3479, USA
| | - Jim Drake
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, 12208-3479, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ubiquitination by March-I prevents MHC class II recycling and promotes MHC class II turnover in antigen-presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10449-54. [PMID: 26240324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507981112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC class II (MHC-II)-dependent antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is carefully controlled to achieve specificity of immune responses; the regulated assembly and degradation of antigenic peptide-MHC-II complexes (pMHC-II) is one aspect of such control. In this study, we have examined the role of ubiquitination in regulating pMHC-II biosynthesis, endocytosis, recycling, and turnover in APCs. By using APCs obtained from MHC-II ubiquitination mutant mice, we find that whereas ubiquitination does not affect pMHC-II formation in dendritic cells (DCs), it does promote the subsequent degradation of newly synthesized pMHC-II. Acute activation of DCs or B cells terminates expression of the MHC-II E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I and prevents pMHC-II ubiquitination. Most importantly, this change results in very efficient pMHC-II recycling from the surface of DCs and B cells, thereby preventing targeting of internalized pMHC-II to lysosomes for degradation. Biochemical and functional assays confirmed that pMHC-II turnover is suppressed in MHC-II ubiquitin mutant DCs or by acute activation of wild-type DCs. These studies demonstrate that acute APC activation blocks the ubiquitin-dependent turnover of pMHC-II by promoting efficient pMHC-II recycling and preventing lysosomal targeting of internalized pMHC-II, thereby enhancing pMHC-II stability for efficient antigen presentation to CD4 T cells.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hennies CM, Lehn MA, Janssen EM. Quantitating MHC class II trafficking in primary dendritic cells using imaging flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2015; 423:18-28. [PMID: 25967952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Presentation of antigenic peptides in MHC class II (MHCII) on dendritic cells (DCs) is the first step in the activation of antigen-specific CD4(+)T cells. The expression of surface MHCII-peptide complexes is tightly regulated as the frequency of MHCII-peptide complexes can affect the magnitude, as well as the phenotype of the ensuing CD4(+)T cell response. The surface MHCII-peptide levels are determined by the balance between expression of newly generated complexes, complex internalization, and their subsequent re-emergence or degradation. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin these processes are still poorly understood. Here we describe a multispectral imaging flow cytometry assay to visualize MHCII trafficking that can be used as a tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms that regulate MHCII homeostasis in primary mouse and human DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Hennies
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maria A Lehn
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edith M Janssen
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
van de Weijer ML, Luteijn RD, Wiertz EJHJ. Viral immune evasion: Lessons in MHC class I antigen presentation. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:125-37. [PMID: 25887630 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class I antigen presentation pathway enables cells infected with intracellular pathogens to signal the presence of the invader to the immune system. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are able to eliminate the infected cells through recognition of pathogen-derived peptides presented by MHC class I molecules at the cell surface. In the course of evolution, many viruses have acquired inhibitors that target essential stages of the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. Studies on these immune evasion proteins reveal fascinating strategies used by viruses to elude the immune system. Viral immunoevasins also constitute great research tools that facilitate functional studies on the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway, allowing the investigation of less well understood routes, such as TAP-independent antigen presentation and cross-presentation of exogenous proteins. Viral immunoevasins have also helped to unravel more general cellular processes. For instance, basic principles of ER-associated protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway have been resolved using virus-induced degradation of MHC class I as a model. This review highlights how viral immunoevasins have increased our understanding of MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rutger D Luteijn
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel J H J Wiertz
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The ins and outs of MHC class II-mediated antigen processing and presentation. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:203-16. [PMID: 25720354 DOI: 10.1038/nri3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules (peptide-MHC class II) are constitutively expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells, B cells, macrophages and thymic epithelial cells, and are presented to antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. The mechanisms of antigen uptake, the nature of the antigen processing compartments and the lifetime of cell surface peptide-MHC class II complexes can vary depending on the type of APC. It is likely that these differences are important for the function of each distinct APC subset in the generation of effective adaptive immune responses. In this Review, we describe our current knowledge of the mechanisms of uptake and processing of antigens, the intracellular formation of peptide-MHC class II complexes, the intracellular trafficking of peptide-MHC class II complexes to the APC plasma membrane and their ultimate degradation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Otomo T, Schweizer M, Kollmann K, Schumacher V, Muschol N, Tolosa E, Mittrücker HW, Braulke T. Mannose 6 phosphorylation of lysosomal enzymes controls B cell functions. J Cell Biol 2015; 208:171-80. [PMID: 25601403 PMCID: PMC4298682 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201407077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen processing and presentation and cytotoxic targeting depend on the activities of several lysosomal enzymes that require mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) sorting signals for efficient intracellular transport and localization. In this paper, we show that mice deficient in the formation of M6P residues exhibit significant loss of cathepsin proteases in B cells, leading to lysosomal dysfunction with accumulation of storage material, impaired antigen processing and presentation, and subsequent defects in B cell maturation and antibody production. The targeting of lysosomal and granular enzymes lacking M6P residues is less affected in dendritic cells and T cells and sufficient for maintenance of degradative and lytic functions. M6P deficiency also impairs serum immunoglobulin levels and antibody responses to vaccination in patients. Our data demonstrate the critical role of M6P-dependent transport routes for B cell functions in vivo and humoral immunity in mice and human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Otomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology; and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 5650871 Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology; and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kollmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology; and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valéa Schumacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology; and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Muschol
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology; and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology; and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology; and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braulke
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; Department of Electron Microscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology; and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mittal SK, Roche PA. Suppression of antigen presentation by IL-10. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 34:22-7. [PMID: 25597442 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulated antigen presentation to immune cells determines the effectiveness of an immune response. IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine that regulates immune responses by inhibiting the ability of APCs to present antigens to T cells in a variety of ways. The mechanisms of IL-10-mediated immunosuppression include interference in TLR-mediated or IFNγ-mediated dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage activation as well as direct induction of genes that suppress APC function. In this review we will discuss current studies exploring the molecular mechanisms by which IL-10 suppresses APC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad K Mittal
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|