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Povolo L, Tian W, Vakhrushev SY, Halim A. Global View of Domain-Specific O-Linked Mannose Glycosylation in Glycoengineered Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100796. [PMID: 38851451 PMCID: PMC11292533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein O-linked mannose (O-Man) glycosylation is an evolutionary conserved posttranslational modification that fulfills important biological roles during embryonic development. Three nonredundant enzyme families, POMT1/POMT2, TMTC1-4, and TMEM260, selectively coordinate the initiation of protein O-Man glycosylation on distinct classes of transmembrane proteins, including α-dystroglycan, cadherins, and plexin receptors. However, a systematic investigation of their substrate specificities is lacking, in part due to the ubiquitous expression of O-Man glycosyltransferases in cells, which precludes analysis of pathway-specific O-Man glycosylation on a proteome-wide scale. Here, we apply a targeted workflow for membrane glycoproteomics across five human cell lines to extensively map O-Man substrates and genetically deconstruct O-Man initiation by individual and combinatorial knockout of O-Man glycosyltransferase genes. We established a human cell library for the analysis of substrate specificities of individual O-Man initiation pathways by quantitative glycoproteomics. Our results identify 180 O-Man glycoproteins, demonstrate new protein targets for the POMT1/POMT2 pathway, and show that TMTC1-4 and TMEM260 pathways widely target distinct Ig-like protein domains of plasma membrane proteins involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The identification of O-Man on Ig-like folds adds further knowledge on the emerging concept of domain-specific O-Man glycosylation which opens for functional studies of O-Man-glycosylated adhesion molecules and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Povolo
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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2
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Kopeć M, Beton-Mysur K, Abramczyk H. Biochemical changes in lipid and protein metabolism caused by mannose-Raman spectroscopy studies. Analyst 2024; 149:2942-2955. [PMID: 38597575 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Biochemical analysis of human normal bronchial cells (BEpiC) and human cancer lung cells (A549) has been performed by using Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging. Our approach provides a biochemical compositional mapping of the main cell components: nucleus, mitochondria, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm and cell membrane. We proved that Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging can distinguish successfully BEpiC and A549 cells. In this study, we have focused on the role of mannose in cancer development. It has been shown that changes in the concentration of mannose can regulate some metabolic processes in cells. Presented results suggest lipids and proteins can be considered as Raman biomarkers during lung cancer progression. Analysis obtained for bands 1444 cm-1, and 2854 cm-1 characteristic for lipids and derivatives proved that the addition of mannose reduced levels of these compounds. Results obtained for protein compounds based on bands 858 cm-1, 1004 cm-1 and 1584 cm-1 proved that the addition of mannose increases the values of protein in BEpiC cells and blocks protein glycolisation in A549 cells. Noticing Raman spectral changes in BEpiC and A549 cells supplemented with mannose can help to understand the mechanism of sugar metabolism during cancer development and could play in the future an important role in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopeć
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Beton-Mysur
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Halina Abramczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Poulhazan A, Arnold AA, Mentink-Vigier F, Muszyński A, Azadi P, Halim A, Vakhrushev SY, Joshi HJ, Wang T, Warschawski DE, Marcotte I. Molecular-level architecture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii's glycoprotein-rich cell wall. Nat Commun 2024; 15:986. [PMID: 38307857 PMCID: PMC10837150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a renewable and promising biomass for large-scale biofuel, food and nutrient production. However, their efficient exploitation depends on our knowledge of the cell wall composition and organization as it can limit access to high-value molecules. Here we provide an atomic-level model of the non-crystalline and water-insoluble glycoprotein-rich cell wall of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using in situ solid-state and sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance, we reveal unprecedented details on the protein and carbohydrate composition and their nanoscale heterogeneity, as well as the presence of spatially segregated protein- and glycan-rich regions with different dynamics and hydration levels. We show that mannose-rich lower-molecular-weight proteins likely contribute to the cell wall cohesion by binding to high-molecular weight protein components, and that water provides plasticity to the cell-wall architecture. The structural insight exemplifies strategies used by nature to form cell walls devoid of cellulose or other glycan polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Poulhazan
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Alexandre A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Artur Muszyński
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Dror E Warschawski
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, CNRS UMR 7203, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada.
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4
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Koff M, Monagas-Valentin P, Novikov B, Chandel I, Panin V. Protein O-mannosylation: one sugar, several pathways, many functions. Glycobiology 2023; 33:911-926. [PMID: 37565810 PMCID: PMC10859634 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled numerous important functions of protein glycosylation in development, homeostasis, and diseases. A type of glycosylation taking the center stage is protein O-mannosylation, a posttranslational modification conserved in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to humans. In animals, protein O-mannosylation plays a crucial role in the nervous system, whereas protein O-mannosylation defects cause severe neurological abnormalities and congenital muscular dystrophies. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying protein O-mannosylation functions and biosynthesis remain not well understood. This review outlines recent studies on protein O-mannosylation while focusing on the functions in the nervous system, summarizes the current knowledge about protein O-mannosylation biosynthesis, and discusses the pathologies associated with protein O-mannosylation defects. The evolutionary perspective revealed by studies in the Drosophila model system are also highlighted. Finally, the review touches upon important knowledge gaps in the field and discusses critical questions for future research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with protein O-mannosylation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Koff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Pedro Monagas-Valentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Vladislav Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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5
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Yeh TC, Lin NY, Chiu CY, Hsu TW, Wu HY, Lin HY, Chen CH, Huang MC. TMTC1 promotes invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells through integrins β1 and β4. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1134-1143. [PMID: 37221403 PMCID: PMC10425284 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and is characterized by peritoneal disseminated metastasis. Although O-mannosyltransferase TMTC1 is highly expressed by ovarian cancer, its pathophysiological role in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Here, immunohistochemistry showed that TMTC1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal ovarian tissues, and high TMTC1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Silencing TMTC1 reduced ovarian cancer cell viability, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as suppressed peritoneal tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, TMTC1 knockdown reduced cell-laminin adhesion, which was associated with the decreased phosphorylation of FAK at pY397. Conversely, TMTC1 overexpression promoted these malignant properties in ovarian cancer cells. Glycoproteomic analysis and Concanavalin A (ConA) pull-down assays showed that integrins β1 and β4 were novel O-mannosylated protein substrates of TMTC1. Furthermore, TMTC1-mediated cell migration and invasion were significantly reversed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of integrin β1 or β4. Collectively, these results suggest that TMTC1-mediated invasive behaviors are primarily through integrins β1 and β4 and that TMTC1 is a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chih Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hau Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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6
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Larsen ISB, Povolo L, Zhou L, Tian W, Mygind KJ, Hintze J, Jiang C, Hartill V, Prescott K, Johnson CA, Mullegama SV, McConkie-Rosell A, McDonald M, Hansen L, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT, Clausen H, Worzfeld T, Joshi HJ, Halim A. The SHDRA syndrome-associated gene TMEM260 encodes a protein-specific O-mannosyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302584120. [PMID: 37186866 PMCID: PMC10214176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302584120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TMEM260 gene cause structural heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome, but the function of the encoded protein remains unknown. We previously reported wide occurrence of O-mannose glycans on extracellular immunoglobulin, plexin, transcription factor (IPT) domains found in the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET), macrophage-stimulating protein receptor (RON), and plexin receptors, and further demonstrated that two known protein O-mannosylation systems orchestrated by the POMT1/2 and transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins 1-4 gene families were not required for glycosylation of these IPT domains. Here, we report that the TMEM260 gene encodes an ER-located protein O-mannosyltransferase that selectively glycosylates IPT domains. We demonstrate that disease-causing TMEM260 mutations impair O-mannosylation of IPT domains and that TMEM260 knockout in cells results in receptor maturation defects and abnormal growth of 3D cell models. Thus, our study identifies the third protein-specific O-mannosylation pathway in mammals and demonstrates that O-mannosylation of IPT domains serves critical functions during epithelial morphogenesis. Our findings add a new glycosylation pathway and gene to a growing group of congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Signe Bohse Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lorenzo Povolo
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Luping Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Johansen Mygind
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - John Hintze
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Chen Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Verity Hartill
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James’ University Hospital, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LeedsLS7 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LeedsLS7 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James’ University Hospital, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allyn McConkie-Rosell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710
| | - Marie McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine T. Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hiren J. Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
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7
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Monagas-Valentin P, Bridger R, Chandel I, Koff M, Novikov B, Schroeder P, Wells L, Panin V. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D is a substrate of protein O-mannosyltransferases 1-2 that is required for the wiring of sensory axons in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102890. [PMID: 36634851 PMCID: PMC9950532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in protein O-mannosyltransferases (POMTs) result in severe brain defects and congenital muscular dystrophies characterized by abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-Dg). However, neurological phenotypes of POMT mutants are not well understood, and the functional substrates of POMTs other than α-Dg remain unknown. Using a Drosophila model, here we reveal that Dg alone cannot account for the phenotypes of POMT mutants, and identify Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D (PTP69D) as a gene interacting with POMTs in producing the abdomen rotation phenotype. Using RNAi-mediated knockdown, mutant alleles, and a dominant-negative form of PTP69D, we reveal that PTP69D is required for the wiring of larval sensory axons. We also found that PTP69D and POMT genes interact in this process, and that their interactions lead to complex synergistic or antagonistic effects on axon wiring phenotypes, depending on the mode of genetic manipulation. Using glycoproteomic approaches, we further characterized the glycosylation of the PTP69D transgenic construct expressed in genetic strains with different levels of POMT activity. We found that the PTP69D construct carries many O-linked mannose modifications when expressed in Drosophila with wild-type or ectopically upregulated expression of POMTs. These modifications were absent in POMT mutants, suggesting that PTP69D is a substrate of POMT-mediated O-mannosylation. Taken together, our results indicate that PTP69D is a novel functional substrate of POMTs that is required for axon connectivity. This mechanism of POMT-mediated regulation of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase functions could potentially be conserved in mammals and may shed new light on the etiology of neurological defects in muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Monagas-Valentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Bridger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa Koff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Schroeder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Vladislav Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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8
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Şener Uslupehlivan E, Deveci R, Şahar U, İzzetoğlu S. Glycan analysis of Lamin A/C protein at G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:689-698. [PMID: 36180658 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of lamins triggers the nuclear envelope disassembly/assembly. However, it hasn't been known whether lamin proteins undergo any modification other than phosphorylation during the cell cycle. Glycosylation of lamin proteins is one of the less studied post-translational modification. Glycosylation and phosphorylation compete for the same positions and interplay between two modifications generate a post-translational code in the cell. Based on this, we hypothesized that glycosylation of lamin A/C protein may be important in the regulation of the structural organization of the nuclear lamina during interphase and mitosis. We analysed the glycan units of lamin A/C protein in lung carcinoma cells synchronized at G2/M and S phases via CapLC-ESI-MS/MS. Besides, the outermost glycan units were determined using lectin blotting and gold-conjugated antibody and lectin staining. TEM studies also allowed us to observe the localization of glycosylated lamin A/C protein. With this study, we determined that lamin A/C protein shows O-glycosylation at G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle. In addition to O-GlcNAcylation and O-GalNAcylation, lamin A/C is found to be contain Gal, Fuc, Man, and Sia sugars at G2/M and S phases for the first time. Having found the glycan units of the lamin A/C protein suggests that glycosylation might have a role in the nuclear organization during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Şener Uslupehlivan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Remziye Deveci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Umut Şahar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Savaş İzzetoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Dalton HM, Viswanatha R, Brathwaite R, Zuno JS, Berman AR, Rushforth R, Mohr SE, Perrimon N, Chow CY. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies DPM1 as a modifier of DPAGT1 deficiency and ER stress. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010430. [PMID: 36166480 PMCID: PMC9543880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial loss-of-function mutations in glycosylation pathways underlie a set of rare diseases called Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDGs). In particular, DPAGT1-CDG is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the first step in N-glycosylation, DPAGT1, and this disorder currently lacks effective therapies. To identify potential therapeutic targets for DPAGT1-CDG, we performed CRISPR knockout screens in Drosophila cells for genes associated with better survival and glycoprotein levels under DPAGT1 inhibition. We identified hundreds of candidate genes that may be of therapeutic benefit. Intriguingly, inhibition of the mannosyltransferase Dpm1, or its downstream glycosylation pathways, could rescue two in vivo models of DPAGT1 inhibition and ER stress, even though impairment of these pathways alone usually causes CDGs. While both in vivo models ostensibly cause cellular stress (through DPAGT1 inhibition or a misfolded protein), we found a novel difference in fructose metabolism that may indicate glycolysis as a modulator of DPAGT1-CDG. Our results provide new therapeutic targets for DPAGT1-CDG, include the unique finding of Dpm1-related pathways rescuing DPAGT1 inhibition, and reveal a novel interaction between fructose metabolism and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans M. Dalton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Raghuvir Viswanatha
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roderick Brathwaite
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jae Sophia Zuno
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alexys R. Berman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Rushforth
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Stephanie E. Mohr
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clement Y. Chow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Sigle LT, Jones M, Novelo M, Ford SA, Urakova N, Lymperopoulos K, Sayre RT, Xi Z, Rasgon JL, McGraw EA. Assessing Aedes aegypti candidate genes during viral infection and Wolbachia-mediated pathogen blocking. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:356-368. [PMID: 35112745 PMCID: PMC9081237 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One approach to control dengue virus transmission is the symbiont Wolbachia, which limits viral infection in mosquitoes. Despite plans for its widespread use in Aedes aegypti, Wolbachia's mode of action remains poorly understood. Many studies suggest that the mechanism is likely multifaceted, involving aspects of immunity, cellular stress and nutritional competition. A previous study from our group used artificial selection to identify a new mosquito candidate gene related to viral blocking; alpha-mannosidase-2a (alpha-Mann-2a) with a predicted role in protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation pathways tend to be involved in complex host-viral interactions; however, the function of alpha-mannosidases has not been described in mosquito-virus interactions. We examined alpha-Mann-2a expression in response to virus and Wolbachia infections and whether reduced gene expression, caused by RNA interference, affected viral loads. We show that dengue virus (DENV) infection affects the expression of alpha-Mann-2a in a tissue- and time-dependent manner, whereas Wolbachia infection had no effect. In the midgut, DENV prevalence increased following knockdown of alpha-Mann-2a expression in Wolbachia-free mosquitoes, suggesting that alpha-Mann-2a interferes with infection. Expression knockdown had the same effect on the togavirus chikungunya virus, indicating that alpha-Mann-2a may have broad antivirus effects in the midgut. Interestingly, we were unable to knockdown the expression in Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. We also provide evidence that alpha-Mann-2a may affect the transcriptional level of another gene predicted to be involved in viral blocking and cell adhesion; cadherin87a. These data support the hypothesis that glycosylation and adhesion pathways may broadly be involved in viral infection in Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah T. Sigle
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Matthew Jones
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mario Novelo
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Suzanne A. Ford
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nadya Urakova
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | | | - Zhiyong Xi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. McGraw
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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11
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Hütte HJ, Tiemann B, Shcherbakova A, Grote V, Hoffmann M, Povolo L, Lommel M, Strahl S, Vakhrushev SY, Rapp E, Buettner FFR, Halim A, Imberty A, Bakker H. A Bacterial Mannose Binding Lectin as a Tool for the Enrichment of C- and O-Mannosylated Peptides. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7329-7338. [PMID: 35549177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) easily detects C-mannosylated peptides from purified proteins but not from complex biological samples. Enrichment of specific glycopeptides by lectin affinity prior to MS analysis has been widely applied to support glycopeptide identification but was until now not available for C-mannosylated peptides. Here, we used the α-mannose-specific Burkholderia cenocepacia lectin A (BC2L-A) and show that, in addition to its previously demonstrated high-mannose N-glycan binding capability, this lectin is able to retain C- and O-mannosylated peptides. Besides testing binding abilities to standard peptides, we applied BC2L-A affinity to enrich C-mannosylated peptides from complex samples of tryptic digests of HEK293 and MCF10A whole cell extracts, which led to the identification of novel C-mannosylation sites. In conclusion, BC2L-A enabled specific enrichment of C- and O-mannosylated peptides and might have superior properties over other mannose binding lectins for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann J Hütte
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Tiemann
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Shcherbakova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerian Grote
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Povolo
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mark Lommel
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Strahl
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.,glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestrasse 20, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 601 rue de la chimie, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hans Bakker
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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12
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Konstantinidi A, Nason R, Čaval T, Sun L, Sørensen DM, Furukawa S, Ye Z, Vincentelli R, Narimatsu Y, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H. Exploring the glycosylation of mucins by use of O-glycodomain reporters recombinantly expressed in glycoengineered HEK293 cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101784. [PMID: 35247390 PMCID: PMC8980628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins and glycoproteins with mucin-like regions contain densely O-glycosylated domains often found in tandem repeat (TR) sequences. These O-glycodomains have traditionally been difficult to characterize because of their resistance to proteolytic digestion, and knowledge of the precise positions of O-glycans is particularly limited for these regions. Here, we took advantage of a recently developed glycoengineered cell-based platform for the display and production of mucin TR reporters with custom-designed O-glycosylation to characterize O-glycodomains derived from mucins and mucin-like glycoproteins. We combined intact mass and bottom-up site-specific analysis for mapping O-glycosites in the mucins, MUC2, MUC20, MUC21, protein P-selectin-glycoprotein ligand 1, and proteoglycan syndecan-3. We found that all the potential Ser/Thr positions in these O-glycodomains were O-glycosylated when expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 SimpleCells (Tn-glycoform). Interestingly, we found that all potential Ser/Thr O-glycosites in TRs derived from secreted mucins and most glycosites from transmembrane mucins were almost fully occupied, whereas TRs from a subset of transmembrane mucins were less efficiently processed. We further used the mucin TR reporters to characterize cleavage sites of glycoproteases StcE (secreted protease of C1 esterase inhibitor from EHEC) and BT4244, revealing more restricted substrate specificities than previously reported. Finally, we conducted a bottom-up analysis of isolated ovine submaxillary mucin, which supported our findings that mucin TRs in general are efficiently O-glycosylated at all potential glycosites. This study provides insight into O-glycosylation of mucins and mucin-like domains, and the strategies developed open the field for wider analysis of native mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Konstantinidi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomislav Čaval
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel M Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanae Furukawa
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Hang J, Wang J, Lu M, Xue Y, Qiao J, Tao L. Protein O-mannosylation across kingdoms and related diseases: From glycobiology to glycopathology. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112685. [PMID: 35149389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-translational glycosylation of proteins by O-linked α-mannose is conserved from bacteria to humans. Due to advances in high-throughput mass spectrometry-based approaches, a variety of glycoproteins are identified to be O-mannosylated. Various proteins with O-mannosylation are involved in biological processes, providing essential necessity for proper growth and development. In this review, we summarize the process and regulation of O-mannosylation. The multi-step O-mannosylation procedures are quite dynamic and complex, especially when considering the structural and functional inspection of the involved enzymes. The widely studied O-mannosylated proteins in human include α-Dystroglycan (α-DG), cadherins, protocadherins, and plexin, and their aberrant O-mannosylation are associated with many diseases. In addition, O-mannosylation also contributes to diverse functions in lower eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Finally, we present the relationship between O-mannosylation and gut microbiota (GM), and elucidate that O-mannosylation in microbiome is of great importance in the dynamic balance of GM. Our study provides an overview of the processes of O-mannosylation in mammalian cells and other organisms, and also associated regulated enzymes and biological functions, which could contribute to the understanding of newly discovered O-mannosylated glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Minzhen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuchuan Xue
- The First Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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14
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Malaker SA, Quanico J, Raffo-Romero A, Kobeissy F, Aboulouard S, Tierny D, Bertozzi CR, Fournier I, Salzet M. On-tissue spatially resolved glycoproteomics guided by N-glycan imaging reveal global dysregulation of canine glioma glycoproteomic landscape. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:30-42.e4. [PMID: 34102146 PMCID: PMC8617081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present an approach to identify N-linked glycoproteins and deduce their spatial localization using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) N-glycan mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and spatially resolved glycoproteomics. We subjected glioma biopsies to on-tissue PNGaseF digestion and MALDI-MSI and found that the glycan HexNAc4-Hex5-NeuAc2 was predominantly expressed in necrotic regions of high-grade canine gliomas. To determine the underlying sialo-glycoprotein, various regions in adjacent tissue sections were subjected to microdigestion and manual glycoproteomic analysis. Results identified haptoglobin as the protein associated with HexNAc4-Hex5-NeuAc2, thus directly linking glycan imaging with intact glycopeptide identification. In total, our spatially resolved glycoproteomics technique identified over 400 N-, O-, and S- glycopeptides from over 30 proteins, demonstrating the diverse array of glycosylation present on the tissue slices and the sensitivity of our technique. Ultimately, this proof-of-principle work demonstrates that spatially resolved glycoproteomics greatly complement MALDI-MSI in understanding dysregulated glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Alyse Malaker
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), 59000 Lille, France,Department of Chemistry and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), 59000 Lille, France,Present address: Center for Proteomics, Antwerp University,Campus Groenenborger, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium,These authors contributed equally
| | - Antonella Raffo-Romero
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soulaimane Aboulouard
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Tierny
- OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté Lille Métropole, 80 rue du Dr Yersin, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), 59000 Lille, France,Correspondence: (I.F.), (M.S.)
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), 59000 Lille, France,Lead contact,Correspondence: (I.F.), (M.S.)
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15
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Williams SE, Noel M, Lehoux S, Cetinbas M, Xavier RJ, Sadreyev RI, Scolnick EM, Smoller JW, Cummings RD, Mealer RG. Mammalian brain glycoproteins exhibit diminished glycan complexity compared to other tissues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:275. [PMID: 35022400 PMCID: PMC8755730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is essential to brain development and function, but prior studies have often been limited to a single analytical technique and excluded region- and sex-specific analyses. Here, using several methodologies, we analyze Asn-linked and Ser/Thr/Tyr-linked protein glycosylation between brain regions and sexes in mice. Brain N-glycans are less complex in sequence and variety compared to other tissues, consisting predominantly of high-mannose and fucosylated/bisected structures. Most brain O-glycans are unbranched, sialylated O-GalNAc and O-mannose structures. A consistent pattern is observed between regions, and sex differences are minimal compared to those in plasma. Brain glycans correlate with RNA expression of their synthetic enzymes, and analysis of glycosylation genes in humans show a global downregulation in the brain compared to other tissues. We hypothesize that this restricted repertoire of protein glycans arises from their tight regulation in the brain. These results provide a roadmap for future studies of glycosylation in neurodevelopment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Williams
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maxence Noel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward M Scolnick
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert G Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Establishment of a novel monoclonal antibody against truncated glycoforms of α-dystroglycan lacking matriglycans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:8-14. [PMID: 34583196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is a glycoprotein specifically modified with O-mannosyl glycans bearing long polysaccharides, termed matriglycans, which comprise repeating units of glucuronic acid and xylose. The matriglycan is linked to the O-mannosyl glycan core through two ribitol phosphate units that can be replaced with glycerol phosphate (GroP) units synthesized by fukutin and fukutin-related protein that transfer GroP from CDP-Gro. Here, we found that forced expression of the bacterial CDP-Gro synthase, TagD, from Bacillus subtilis could result in the overproduction of CDP-Gro in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Western blot and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses indicated that α-DG prepared from the TagD-expressing HCT116 cells contained abundant GroP and lacked matriglycans. Using the GroP-containing recombinant α-DG-Fc, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody, termed DG2, that reacts with several truncated glycoforms of α-DG, including GroP-terminated glycoforms lacking matriglycans; we verified the reactivity of DG2 against various types of knockout cells deficient in the biosynthesis of matriglycans. Accordingly, forced expression of TagD in HCT116 cells resulted in the reduction of matriglycans and an increase in DG2 reactivity. Collectively, our results indicate that DG2 could serve as a useful tool to determine tissue distribution and function of α-DG lacking matriglycans under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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17
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Huang YL, Liang CY, Labitzky V, Ritz D, Oliveira T, Cumin C, Estermann M, Lange T, Everest-Dass AV, Jacob F. Site-specific N-glycosylation of integrin α2 mediates collagen-dependent cell survival. iScience 2021; 24:103168. [PMID: 34646995 PMCID: PMC8501769 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) promotes cancer metastasis through selective adhesion to ECM proteins; however, the specific contribution of integrin glycosylation remains uncertain. We provide evidence that ITGA2 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein expressed in ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines. In-depth glycoproteomics identified predominant N- and O-glycosylation sites harboring substantially divergent ITGA2 glycosylation profiles. Generated putative ITGA2 N-glycosite mutants halted collagen and laminin binding and cells lacking N-glycosylated ITGA2 were marginally adherent to collagen, likely associated with its enhanced proteasome degradation through poly-ubiquitination. Proteomic and enrichment pathway analysis revealed increased cellular apoptosis and collagen organization in non-glycosylated ITGA2 mutant cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that ITGA2-specific sialylation is involved in selective cell-ECM binding. These results highlight the importance of glycans in regulating ITGA2 stability and ligand binding capacity which in turn modulates downstream focal adhesion and promotes cell survival in a collagen environment. In-depth glycoproteomics reveal divergent ITGA2 glycosylation Site-specific N-glycans regulate protein stability and ECM ligand binding affinity Loss of N-glycosylation induces proteasome degradation through poly-ubiquitination N-glycosylation mediates collagen-dependent cell survival through focal adhesion
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Huang
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Ching-Yeu Liang
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Vera Labitzky
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg20246, Germany
| | - Danilo Ritz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Oliveira
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD4222, Australia
| | - Cécile Cumin
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Estermann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg1700, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg20246, Germany
| | - Arun V Everest-Dass
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD4222, Australia
| | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland
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18
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Uribe ML, Martín-Nieto J, Quereda C, Rubio-Fernández M, Cruces J, Janssen GMC, de Ru AH, van Veelen PA, Hensbergen PJ. Retinal Proteomics of a Mouse Model of Dystroglycanopathies Reveals Molecular Alterations in Photoreceptors. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3268-3277. [PMID: 34027671 PMCID: PMC8280732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mutations in the POMT1 gene, encoding a protein O-mannosyltransferase
essential for α-dystroglycan
(α-DG) glycosylation, are frequently observed in a group of
rare congenital muscular dystrophies, collectively known as dystroglycanopathies.
However, it is hitherto unclear whether the effects seen in affected
patients can be fully ascribed to α-DG hypoglycosylation. To
study this, here we used comparative mass spectrometry-based proteomics
and immunofluorescence microscopy and investigated the changes in
the retina of mice in which Pomt1 is specifically
knocked out in photoreceptor cells. Our results demonstrate significant
proteomic changes and associated structural alteration in photoreceptor
cells of Pomt1 cKO mice. In addition to the effects
related to impaired α-DG O-mannosylation, we
observed morphological alterations in the outer segment that are associated
with dysregulation of a relatively understudied POMT1 substrate (KIAA1549),
BBSome proteins, and retinal stress markers. In conclusion, our study
provides new hypotheses to explain the phenotypic changes that are
observed in the retina of patients with dystroglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Luz Uribe
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Martín-Nieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.,Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Quereda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marcos Rubio-Fernández
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesús Cruces
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - George M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Cirksena K, Hütte HJ, Shcherbakova A, Thumberger T, Sakson R, Weiss S, Jensen LR, Friedrich A, Todt D, Kuss AW, Ruppert T, Wittbrodt J, Bakker H, Buettner FFR. The C-Mannosylome of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Implies a Role for ADAMTS16 C-Mannosylation in Eye Development. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100092. [PMID: 33975020 PMCID: PMC8256286 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-mannosylation is a modification of tryptophan residues with a single mannose and can affect protein folding, secretion, and/or function. To date, only a few proteins have been demonstrated to be C-mannosylated, and studies that globally assess protein C-mannosylation are scarce. To interrogate the C-mannosylome of human induced pluripotent stem cells, we compared the secretomes of CRISPR–Cas9 mutants lacking either the C-mannosyltransferase DPY19L1 or DPY19L3 to WT human induced pluripotent stem cells using MS-based quantitative proteomics. The secretion of numerous proteins was reduced in these mutants, including that of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin Motifs 16 (ADAMTS16), an extracellular protease that was previously reported to be essential for optic fissure fusion in zebrafish eye development. To test the functional relevance of this observation, we targeted dpy19l1 or dpy19l3 in embryos of the Japanese rice fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) by CRISPR–Cas9. We observed that targeting of dpy19l3 partially caused defects in optic fissure fusion, called coloboma. We further showed in a cellular model that DPY19L1 and DPY19L3 mediate C-mannosylation of a recombinantly expressed thrombospondin type 1 repeat of ADAMTS16 and thereby support its secretion. Taken together, our findings imply that DPY19L3-mediated C-mannosylation is involved in eye development by assisting secretion of the extracellular protease ADAMTS16. TSR1 of ADAMTS16 can be C-mannosylated. Deletion of DPY19L1 or DPY19L3 in hiPSCs caused reduced secretion of ADAMTS16. Targeting of dpy19l3 in medaka occasionally led to coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Cirksena
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann J Hütte
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Sakson
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; HBIGS, Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars Riff Jensen
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alina Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Bakker
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Proteomic and Glyco(proteo)mic tools in the profiling of cardiac progenitors and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes: Accelerating translation into therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107755. [PMID: 33895330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research in stem cells paved the way to an enormous amount of knowledge, increasing expectations on cardio regenerative therapeutic approaches in clinic. While the first generation of clinical trials using cell-based therapies in the heart were performed with bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, second generation cell therapies moved towards the use of cardiac-committed cell populations, including cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Despite all these progresses, translating the aptitudes of R&D and pre-clinical data into effective clinical treatments is still highly challenging, partially due to the demanding regulatory and safety concerns but also because of the lack of knowledge on the regenerative mechanisms of action of these therapeutic products. Thus, the need of analytical methodologies that enable a complete characterization of such complex products and a deep understanding of their therapeutic effects, at the cell and molecular level, is imperative to overcome the hurdles of these advanced therapies. Omics technologies, such as proteomics and glyco(proteo)mics workflows based on state of the art mass-spectrometry, have prompted some major breakthroughs, providing novel data on cell biology and a detailed assessment of cell based-products applied in cardiac regeneration strategies. These advanced 'omics approaches, focused on the profiling of protein and glycan signatures are excelling the identification and characterization of cell populations under study, namely unveiling pluripotency and differentiation markers, as well as paracrine mechanisms and signaling cascades involved in cardiac repair. The leading knowledge generated is supporting a more rational therapy design and the rethinking of challenges in Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products development. Herein, we review the most recent methodologies used in the fields of proteomics, glycoproteomics and glycomics and discuss their impact on the study of cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes biology. How these discoveries will impact the speed up of novel therapies for cardiovascular diseases is also addressed.
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21
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Narimatsu Y, Büll C, Chen YH, Wandall HH, Yang Z, Clausen H. Genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100448. [PMID: 33617880 PMCID: PMC8042171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nuclease-based gene-editing technologies have enabled precise, stable, and systematic genetic engineering of glycosylation capacities in mammalian cells, opening up a plethora of opportunities for studying the glycome and exploiting glycans in biomedicine. Glycoengineering using chemical, enzymatic, and genetic approaches has a long history, and precise gene editing provides a nearly unlimited playground for stable engineering of glycosylation in mammalian cells to explore and dissect the glycome and its many biological functions. Genetic engineering of glycosylation in cells also brings studies of the glycome to the single cell level and opens up wider use and integration of data in traditional omics workflows in cell biology. The last few years have seen new applications of glycoengineering in mammalian cells with perspectives for wider use in basic and applied glycosciences, and these have already led to discoveries of functions of glycans and improved designs of glycoprotein therapeutics. Here, we review the current state of the art of genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells and highlight emerging opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Büll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Noor SI, Hoffmann M, Rinis N, Bartels MF, Winterhalter PR, Hoelscher C, Hennig R, Himmelreich N, Thiel C, Ruppert T, Rapp E, Strahl S. Glycosyltransferase POMGNT1 deficiency strengthens N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100433. [PMID: 33610554 PMCID: PMC7994789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in protein O-mannosylation lead to severe congenital muscular dystrophies collectively known as α-dystroglycanopathy. A hallmark of these diseases is the loss of the O-mannose-bound matriglycan on α-dystroglycan, which reduces cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Mutations in protein O-mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGNT1), which is crucial for the elongation of O-mannosyl glycans, have mainly been associated with muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease. In addition to defects in cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, aberrant cell-cell adhesion has occasionally been observed in response to defects in POMGNT1. However, specific molecular consequences of POMGNT1 deficiency on cell-cell adhesion are largely unknown. We used POMGNT1 knockout HEK293T cells and fibroblasts from an MEB patient to gain deeper insight into the molecular changes in POMGNT1 deficiency. Biochemical and molecular biological techniques combined with proteomics, glycoproteomics, and glycomics revealed that a lack of POMGNT1 activity strengthens cell-cell adhesion. We demonstrate that the altered intrinsic adhesion properties are due to an increased abundance of N-cadherin (N-Cdh). In addition, site-specific changes in the N-glycan structures in the extracellular domain of N-Cdh were detected, which positively impact on homotypic interactions. Moreover, in POMGNT1-deficient cells, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways are activated and transcriptional changes that are comparable with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are triggered, defining a possible molecular mechanism underlying the observed phenotype. Our study indicates that changes in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and other EMT-related processes may contribute to the complex clinical symptoms of MEB or α-dystroglycanopathy in general and suggests that the impact of changes in O-mannosylation on N-glycosylation has been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ibne Noor
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Rinis
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Bartels
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick R Winterhalter
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Hoelscher
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany; glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nastassja Himmelreich
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany; glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Strahl
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Sytnyk V, Leshchyns'ka I, Schachner M. Neural glycomics: the sweet side of nervous system functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:93-116. [PMID: 32613283 PMCID: PMC11071817 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The success of investigations on the structure and function of the genome (genomics) has been paralleled by an equally awesome progress in the analysis of protein structure and function (proteomics). We propose that the investigation of carbohydrate structures that go beyond a cell's metabolism is a rapidly developing frontier in our expanding knowledge on the structure and function of carbohydrates (glycomics). No other functional system appears to be suited as well as the nervous system to study the functions of glycans, which had been originally characterized outside the nervous system. In this review, we describe the multiple studies on the functions of LewisX, the human natural killer cell antigen-1 (HNK-1), as well as oligomannosidic and sialic (neuraminic) acids. We attempt to show the sophistication of these structures in ontogenetic development, synaptic function and plasticity, and recovery from trauma, with a view on neurodegeneration and possibilities to ameliorate deterioration. In view of clinical applications, we emphasize the need for glycomimetic small organic compounds which surpass the usefulness of natural glycans in that they are metabolically more stable, more parsimonious to synthesize or isolate, and more advantageous for therapy, since many of them pass the blood brain barrier and are drug-approved for treatments other than those in the nervous system, thus allowing a more ready access for application in neurological diseases. We describe the isolation of such mimetic compounds using not only Western NIH, but also traditional Chinese medical libraries. With this review, we hope to deepen the interests in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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24
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Riley NM, Bertozzi CR, Pitteri SJ. A Pragmatic Guide to Enrichment Strategies for Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100029. [PMID: 33583771 PMCID: PMC8724846 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a prevalent, yet heterogeneous modification with a broad range of implications in molecular biology. This heterogeneity precludes enrichment strategies that can be universally beneficial for all glycan classes. Thus, choice of enrichment strategy has profound implications on experimental outcomes. Here we review common enrichment strategies used in modern mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic experiments, including lectins and other affinity chromatographies, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and its derivatives, porous graphitic carbon, reversible and irreversible chemical coupling strategies, and chemical biology tools that often leverage bioorthogonal handles. Interest in glycoproteomics continues to surge as mass spectrometry instrumentation and software improve, so this review aims to help equip researchers with the necessary information to choose appropriate enrichment strategies that best complement these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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25
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Borgert A, Foley BL, Live D. Contrasting the conformational effects of α-O-GalNAc and α-O-Man glycan protein modifications and their impact on the mucin-like region of alpha-dystroglycan. Glycobiology 2020; 31:649-661. [PMID: 33295623 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have carried out a comparative study of the conformational impact of modifications to threonine residues of either α-O-Man or α-O-GalNAc in the context of a sequence from the mucin-like region of α-dystroglycan. Both such modifications can coexist in this domain of the glycoprotein. Solution NMR experiments and molecular dynamics calculations were employed. Comparing the results for an unmodified peptide Ac- PPTTTTKKP-NH2 sequence from α-dystroglycan, and glycoconjugates with either modification on the Ts, we find that the impact of the α-O-Man modification on the peptide scaffold is quite limited, while that of the α-O-GalNAc is more profound. The results for the α-O-GalNAc glycoconjugate are consistent with what has been seen earlier in other systems. Further examination of the NMR-based structure and the MD results suggest a more extensive network of hydrogen bond interactions within the α-O-GalNAc-threonine residue than has been previously appreciated, which influences the properties of the protein backbone. The conformational effects are relevant to the mechanical properties of α-dystroglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Borgert
- Department of Medical Research, Gundersen Health System, 1900 South Ave., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - B Lachele Foley
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David Live
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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26
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Mealer RG, Williams SE, Daly MJ, Scolnick EM, Cummings RD, Smoller JW. Glycobiology and schizophrenia: a biological hypothesis emerging from genomic research. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3129-3139. [PMID: 32377000 PMCID: PMC8081046 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics are opening new windows into the biology of schizophrenia. Though common variants individually have small effects on disease risk, GWAS provide a powerful opportunity to explore pathways and mechanisms contributing to pathophysiology. Here, we highlight an underappreciated biological theme emerging from GWAS: the role of glycosylation in schizophrenia. The strongest coding variant in schizophrenia GWAS is a missense mutation in the manganese transporter SLC39A8, which is associated with altered glycosylation patterns in humans. Furthermore, variants near several genes encoding glycosylation enzymes are unambiguously associated with schizophrenia: FUT9, MAN2A1, TMTC1, GALNT10, and B3GAT1. Here, we summarize the known biological functions, target substrates, and expression patterns of these enzymes as a primer for future studies. We also highlight a subset of schizophrenia-associated proteins critically modified by glycosylation including glutamate receptors, voltage-gated calcium channels, the dopamine D2 receptor, and complement glycoproteins. We hypothesize that common genetic variants alter brain glycosylation and play a fundamental role in the development of schizophrenia. Leveraging these findings will advance our mechanistic understanding of disease and may provide novel avenues for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Mealer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute.,Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Harvard Medical School, Boston MA.,Corresponding Author: Robert Gene Mealer, M.D., Ph.D., Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, Tel: +1 (617) 724-9076,
| | - Sarah E. Williams
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute
| | - Edward M. Scolnick
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute
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27
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Riley NM, Malaker SA, Bertozzi CR. Electron-Based Dissociation Is Needed for O-Glycopeptides Derived from OpeRATOR Proteolysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14878-14884. [PMID: 33125225 PMCID: PMC8329938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently described O-glycoprotease OpeRATOR presents exciting opportunities for O-glycoproteomics. This bacterial enzyme purified from Akkermansia muciniphila cleaves N-terminally to serine and threonine residues that are modified with (preferably asialylated) O-glycans. This provides orthogonal cleavage relative to canonical proteases (e.g., trypsin) for improved O-glycopeptide characterization with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). O-glycopeptides with a modified N-terminal residue, such as those generated by OpeRATOR, present several potential benefits, perhaps the most notable being de facto O-glycosite localization without the need of glycan-retaining fragments in MS/MS spectra. Indeed, O-glycopeptides modified exclusively at the N-terminus would enable O-glycoproteomic methods to rely solely on collision-based fragmentation rather than electron-driven dissociation because glycan-retaining peptide fragments would not be required for localization. The caveat is that modified peptides would need to reliably contain only a single O-glycosite. Here, we use methods that combine collision- and electron-based fragmentation to characterize the number of O-glycosites that are present in O-glycopeptides derived from the OpeRATOR digestion of four known O-glycoproteins. Our data show that over 50% of O-glycopeptides in our sample generated from combined digestion using OpeRATOR and trypsin contain multiple O-glycosites, indicating that collision-based fragmentation alone is not sufficient. Electron-based dissociation methods are necessary to capture the O-glycopeptide diversity present in OpeRATOR digestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California, United States
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28
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Ahmad Izaham AR, Ang CS, Nie S, Bird LE, Williamson NA, Scott NE. What Are We Missing by Using Hydrophilic Enrichment? Improving Bacterial Glycoproteome Coverage Using Total Proteome and FAIMS Analyses. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:599-612. [PMID: 33125241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) glycopeptide enrichment is an indispensable tool for the high-throughput characterization of glycoproteomes. Despite its utility, HILIC enrichment is associated with a number of shortcomings, including requiring large amounts of starting materials, potentially introducing chemical artifacts such as formylation when high concentrations of formic acid are used, and biasing/undersampling specific classes of glycopeptides. Here, we investigate HILIC enrichment-independent approaches for the study of bacterial glycoproteomes. Using three Burkholderia species (Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia Dolosa, and Burkholderia ubonensis), we demonstrate that short aliphatic O-linked glycopeptides are typically absent from HILIC enrichments, yet are readily identified in whole proteome samples. Using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) fractionation, we show that at high compensation voltages (CVs), short aliphatic glycopeptides can be enriched from complex samples, providing an alternative means to identify glycopeptide recalcitrant to hydrophilic-based enrichment. Combining whole proteome and FAIMS analyses, we show that the observable glycoproteome of these Burkholderia species is at least 25% larger than what was initially thought. Excitingly, the ability to enrich glycopeptides using FAIMS appears generally applicable, with the N-linked glycopeptides of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus also being enrichable at high FAIMS CVs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that FAIMS provides an alternative means to access glycopeptides and is a valuable tool for glycoproteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameera Raudah Ahmad Izaham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lauren E Bird
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia
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29
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Zhao G, Xu Y, Ouyang H, Luo Y, Sun S, Wang Z, Yang J, Jin C. Protein O-mannosylation affects protein secretion, cell wall integrity and morphogenesis in Trichoderma reesei. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103440. [PMID: 32758529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein O-mannosyltransferases (PMTs) initiate O-mannosylation of proteins in the ER. Trichoderma reesei strains displayed a single representative of each PMT subfamily, Trpmt1, Trpmt2 and Trpmt4. In this work, two knockout strains ΔTrpmt1and ΔTrpmt4were obtained. Both mutants showed retarded growth, defective cell walls, reduced conidiation and decreased protein secretion. Additionally, the ΔTrpmt1strain displayed a thermosensitive growth phenotype, while the ΔTrpmt4 strain showed abnormal polarity. Meanwhile, OETrpmt2 strain, in which the Trpmt2 was over-expressed, exhibited increased conidiation, enhanced protein secretion and abnormal polarity. Using a lectin enrichment method and MS/MS analysis, 173 O-glycoproteins, 295 O-glycopeptides and 649 O-mannosylation sites were identified as the targets of PMTs in T. reesei. These identified O-mannoproteins are involved in various physiological processes such as protein folding, sorting, transport, quality control and secretion, as well as cell wall integrity and polarity. By comparing proteins identified in the mutants and its parent strain, the potential specific protein substrates of PMTs were identified. Based on our results, TrPMT1 is specifically involved inO-mannosylation of intracellular soluble proteins and secreted proteins, specially glycosidases. TrPMT2 is involved inO-mannosylation of secreted proteins and GPI-anchor proteins, and TrPMT4 mainly modifies multiple transmembrane proteins. The TrPMT1-TrPMT4 complex is responsible for O-mannosylation of proteins involved in cell wall integrity. Overexpression of TrPMT2 enhances protein secretion, which might be a new strategy to improve expression efficiency in T. reesei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haomiao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanming Luo
- Public Technology Service Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shutao Sun
- Public Technology Service Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Bio-refinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China.
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30
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Buffone A, Weaver VM. Don't sugarcoat it: How glycocalyx composition influences cancer progression. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133536. [PMID: 31874115 PMCID: PMC7039198 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffone and Weaver discuss how the structure of the backbones and glycans of the tumor glycocalyx governs cell–matrix interactions and directs cancer progression. Mechanical interactions between tumors and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the surrounding tissues have profound effects on a wide variety of cellular functions. An underappreciated mediator of tumor–ECM interactions is the glycocalyx, the sugar-decorated proteins and lipids that act as a buffer between the tumor and the ECM, which in turn mediates all cell-tissue mechanics. Importantly, tumors have an increase in the density of the glycocalyx, which in turn increases the tension of the cell membrane, alters tissue mechanics, and drives a more cancerous phenotype. In this review, we describe the basic components of the glycocalyx and the glycan moieties implicated in cancer. Next, we examine the important role the glycocalyx plays in driving tension-mediated cancer cell signaling through a self-enforcing feedback loop that expands the glycocalyx and furthers cancer progression. Finally, we discuss current tools used to edit the composition of the glycocalyx and the future challenges in leveraging these tools into a novel tractable approach to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Buffone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Departments of Radiation Oncology and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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31
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Kuo CW, Khoo KH. Strategic Applications of Negative-Mode LC-MS/MS Analyses to Expedite Confident Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Multiple Glycosylated Peptides. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7612-7620. [PMID: 32384234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled meaningful glycoproteomic undertakings, many technical limitations remain unsolved. Among these, the ability to efficiently sequence the peptide backbone for de novo identification, delineating multiple N- and O-glycosylation sites on single glycopeptides, and deriving more glycan structure information to discriminate isomeric glycoforms are well acknowledged practical problems to be tackled. To address these issues, we explored the use of negative-mode MS2/MS3 fragmentation to supplement current nanoLC-MS2-based sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides largely performed in positive mode. Consistent with previous reports by others, we found that sulfation and sialylation drastically alter the MS2 fragmentation pattern of glycopeptides in negative mode and the characteristic features identified can be utilized to program the most informative MS3 on the glycan moiety itself. Importantly, direct elimination of one or more O-glycans under negative-mode MS2 affords an easy way to discover additional O-glycosylations on a multiply glycosylated peptide by virtue of enumerating the dehydration scars imprinted on the O-glycosylated sites. Moreover, the characteristic peptide core ion carrying a ring cleavage remnant of the innermost amino sugar residue of an N-glycan can be relied upon to filter out all related N-glycopeptides carrying additional O-glycans defined by specific mass increments. Such enhanced ability to advance from definitive identification of single to multiple site-specific glycosylation on the same peptide backbones is anticipated to have a significant impact on the level of structural and biological insights one can gain in glycoproteomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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32
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Xu G, Goonatilleke E, Wongkham S, Lebrilla CB. Deep Structural Analysis and Quantitation of O-Linked Glycans on Cell Membrane Reveal High Abundances and Distinct Glycomic Profiles Associated with Cell Type and Stages of Differentiation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3758-3768. [PMID: 32039582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins on cell membrane are modified by N- and O-glycans. N-Glycans have been extensively characterized using advanced separation and mass spectrometry techniques. However, O-glycans remain a challenge, because of the lack of universal enzymes to release them and the large background abundances of N-glycans. Here, we report a method for in-depth structural analysis and quantitation of O-glycans derived from human cell membrane. O-Glycans were chemically released from isolated cell membrane glycoproteins following N-glycan and lipid/glycolipid removal by PNGase F digestion and Folch extraction, respectively. Released O-glycans were purified by an optimized protocol to eliminate interference from small molecules and degraded proteins. Cell surface O-glycans were then analyzed using a nanoLC-chip-QTOF mass spectrometer with a porous graphitized carbon (PGC) column, while the N-glycans and glycolipids isolated from the same cell membrane fractions were analyzed in parallel using previously reported methods. The monosaccharide compositions and linkages of the detected O-glycans were identified by exoglycosidase digestion facilitated with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Using this method, we identified 44 cell membrane O-glycan isomers with MS/MS, and, among them, we unambiguously characterized 25 O-glycan structures with exoglycosidase digestion to create a library with their complete structures, accurate masses, and retention times. In this process, we identified and characterized unexpected mannose oligomers that are α(1-2/3) linked. This library enabled the identification and quantification of unique cell surface O-glycans from different cell lines and the study of specific O-glycan changes during cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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33
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Graham JB, Sunryd JC, Mathavan K, Weir E, Larsen ISB, Halim A, Clausen H, Cousin H, Alfandari D, Hebert DN. Endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein TMTC3 contributes to O-mannosylation of E-cadherin, cellular adherence, and embryonic gastrulation. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:167-183. [PMID: 31851597 PMCID: PMC7001481 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation plays essential roles in protein structure, stability, and activity such as cell adhesion. The cadherin superfamily of adhesion molecules carry O-linked mannose glycans at conserved sites and it was recently demonstrated that the transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins 1-4 (TMTC1-4) gene products contribute to the addition of these O-linked mannoses. Here, biochemical, cell biological, and organismal analysis was used to determine that TMTC3 supports the O-mannosylation of E-cadherin, cellular adhesion, and embryonic gastrulation. Using genetically engineered cells lacking all four TMTC genes, overexpression of TMTC3 rescued O-linked glycosylation of E-cadherin and cell adherence. The knockdown of the Tmtcs in Xenopus laevis embryos caused a delay in gastrulation that was rescued by the addition of human TMTC3. Mutations in TMTC3 have been linked to neuronal cell migration diseases including Cobblestone lissencephaly. Analysis of TMTC3 mutations associated with Cobblestone lissencephaly found that three of the variants exhibit reduced stability and missence mutations were unable to complement TMTC3 rescue of gastrulation in Xenopus embryo development. Our study demonstrates that TMTC3 regulates O-linked glycosylation and cadherin-mediated adherence, providing insight into its effect on cellular adherence and migration, as well the basis of TMTC3-associated Cobblestone lissencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Johan C. Sunryd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ketan Mathavan
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Emma Weir
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ida Signe Bohse Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Hélène Cousin
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Dominque Alfandari
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Daniel N. Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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34
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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35
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Xu Y, Zhou H, Zhao G, Yang J, Luo Y, Sun S, Wang Z, Li S, Jin C. Genetical and O-glycoproteomic analyses reveal the roles of three protein O-mannosyltransferases in phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 134:103285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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36
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Canassa-DeLeo T, Campo VL, Rodrigues LC, Marchiori MF, Fuzo C, Brigido MM, Sandomenico A, Ruvo M, Maranhão AQ, Dias-Baruffi M. Multifaceted antibodies development against synthetic α-dystroglycan mucin glycopeptide as promising tools for dystroglycanopathies diagnostic. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:77-93. [PMID: 31823246 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dystroglycanopathies are diseases characterized by progressive muscular degeneration and impairment of patient's quality of life. They are associated with altered glycosylation of the dystrophin-glycoprotein (DGC) complex components, such as α-dystroglycan (α-DG), fundamental in the structural and functional stability of the muscle fiber. The diagnosis of dystroglycanopathies is currently based on the observation of clinical manifestations, muscle biopsies and enzymatic measures, and the available monoclonal antibodies are not specific for the dystrophic hypoglycosylated muscle condition. Thus, modified α-DG mucins have been considered potential targets for the development of new diagnostic strategies toward these diseases. In this context, this work describes the synthesis of the hypoglycosylated α-DG mimetic glycopeptide NHAc-Gly-Pro-Thr-Val-Thr[αMan]-Ile-Arg-Gly-BSA (1) as a potential tool for the development of novel antibodies applicable to dystroglycanopathies diagnosis. Glycopeptide 1 was used for the development of polyclonal antibodies and recombinant monoclonal antibodies by Phage Display technology. Accordingly, polyclonal antibodies were reactive to glycopeptide 1, which enables the application of anti-glycopeptide 1 antibodies in immune reactive assays targeting hypoglycosylated α-DG. Regarding monoclonal antibodies, for the first time variable heavy (VH) and variable light (VL) immunoglobulin domains were selected by Phage Display, identified by NGS and described by in silico analysis. The best-characterized VH and VL domains were cloned, expressed in E. coli Shuffle T7 cells, and used to construct a single chain fragment variable that recognized the Glycopeptide 1 (GpαDG1 scFv). Molecular modelling of glycopeptide 1 and GpαDG1 scFv suggested that their interaction occurs through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts involving amino acids from scFv (I51, Y33, S229, Y235, and P233) and R8 and α-mannose from Glycopeptide 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Canassa-DeLeo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leiria Campo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Rua Ramos de Azevedo 423, Jardim Paulista, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, 14090-180, SP, Brazil
| | - Lílian Cataldi Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fiori Marchiori
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fuzo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Brigido
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Queiroz Maranhão
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, CEP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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37
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Raghunathan R, Sethi MK, Klein JA, Zaia J. Proteomics, Glycomics, and Glycoproteomics of Matrisome Molecules. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2138-2148. [PMID: 31471497 PMCID: PMC6823855 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r119.001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most straightforward applications of proteomics database searching involve intracellular proteins. Although intracellular gene products number in the thousands, their well-defined post-translational modifications (PTMs) makes database searching practical. By contrast, cell surface and extracellular matrisome proteins pass through the secretory pathway where many become glycosylated, modulating their physicochemical properties, adhesive interactions, and diversifying their functions. Although matrisome proteins number only a few hundred, their high degree of complex glycosylation multiplies the number of theoretical proteoforms by orders of magnitude. Given that extracellular networks that mediate cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions in physiology depend on glycosylation, it is important to characterize the proteomes, glycomes, and glycoproteomes of matrisome molecules that exist in a given biological context. In this review, we summarize proteomics approaches for characterizing matrisome molecules, with an emphasis on applications to brain diseases. We demonstrate the availability of methods that should greatly increase the availability of information on matrisome molecular structure associated with health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Raghunathan
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Manveen K Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Joshua A Klein
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218.
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38
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Larsen ISB, Narimatsu Y, Clausen H, Joshi HJ, Halim A. Multiple distinct O-Mannosylation pathways in eukaryotes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:171-178. [PMID: 30999272 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein O-mannosylation (O-Man), originally discovered in yeast five decades ago, is an important post-translational modification (PTM) conserved from bacteria to humans, but not found in plants or nematodes. Until recently, the homologous family of ER-located protein O-mannosyl transferases (PMT1-7 in yeast; POMT1/POMT2 in humans), were the only known enzymes involved in directing O-Man biosynthesis in eukaryotes. However, recent studies demonstrate the existence of multiple distinct O-Man glycosylation pathways indicating that the genetic and biosynthetic regulation of O-Man in eukaryotes is more complex than previously envisioned. Introduction of sensitive glycoproteomics strategies provided an expansion of O-Man glycoproteomes in eukaryotes (yeast and mammalian cell lines) leading to the discovery of O-Man glycosylation on important mammalian cell adhesion (cadherin superfamily) and signaling (plexin family) macromolecules, and to the discovery of unique nucleocytoplasmic O-Man glycosylation in yeast. It is now evident that eukaryotes have multiple distinct O-Man glycosylation pathways including: i) the classical PMT1-7 and POMT1/POMT2 pathway conserved in all eukaryotes apart from plants; ii) a yet uncharacterized nucleocytoplasmic pathway only found in yeast; iii) an ER-located pathway directed by the TMTC1-4 genes found in metazoans and protists and primarily dedicated to the cadherin superfamily; and iv) a yet uncharacterized pathway found in metazoans primarily dedicated to plexins. O-Man glycosylation is thus emerging as a much more widespread and evolutionary diverse PTM with complex genetic and biosynthetic regulation. While deficiencies in the POMT1/POMT2 O-Man pathway underlie muscular dystrophies, the TMTC1-4 pathway appear to be involved in distinct congenital disorders with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Here, we review and discuss the recent discoveries of the new non-classical O-Man glycosylation pathways, their substrates, functions and roles in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Signe Bohse Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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39
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Raghu D, Mobley RJ, Shendy NAM, Perry CH, Abell AN. GALNT3 Maintains the Epithelial State in Trophoblast Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3684-3697.e7. [PMID: 30917321 PMCID: PMC6501849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GalNAc glycosylation is initiated in the Golgi by glycosyltransferases called GALNTs. Proteomic screens identified >600 O-GalNAc-modified proteins, but the biological relevance of these modifications has been difficult to determine. We have discovered a conserved function for GALNT3 in trophoblast stem (TS) cells, blastocyst trophectoderm, and human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). The loss of GALNT3 expression in these systems reduces O-GalNAc glycosylation and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, Galnt3 expression is reduced in aggressive, mesenchymal claudin-low breast cancer cells. We show that GALNT3 expression controls the O-GalNAc glycosylation of multiple proteins, including E-cadherin in both TS cells and HMECs. The loss of GALNT3 results in the intracellular retention of E-cadherin in the Golgi. Significantly, re-expression of GALNT3 in TS cells increases O-GalNAc glycosylation and restores the epithelial state. Together, these data demonstrate the critical biological role of GALNT3 O-GalNAc glycosylation to promote the epithelial phenotype in TS cells, blastocyst trophectoderm, and HMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Raghu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Robert J Mobley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Noha A M Shendy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Charles H Perry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Amy N Abell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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40
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Abstract
The translation of biological glycosylation in humans to the clinical applications involves systematic studies using homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, which could be accessed by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods. However, the structural complexity and wide-range variations of glycans and their conjugates represent a major challenge in the synthesis of this class of biomolecules. To help navigate within many methods of oligosaccharide synthesis, this Perspective offers a critical assessment of the most promising synthetic strategies with an eye on the therapeutically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krasnova
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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41
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Nickolls AR, Bönnemann CG. The roles of dystroglycan in the nervous system: insights from animal models of muscular dystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/12/dmm035931. [PMID: 30578246 PMCID: PMC6307911 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan is a cell membrane protein that binds to the extracellular matrix in a variety of mammalian tissues. The α-subunit of dystroglycan (αDG) is heavily glycosylated, including a special O-mannosyl glycoepitope, relying upon this unique glycosylation to bind its matrix ligands. A distinct group of muscular dystrophies results from specific hypoglycosylation of αDG, and they are frequently associated with central nervous system involvement, ranging from profound brain malformation to intellectual disability without evident morphological defects. There is an expanding literature addressing the function of αDG in the nervous system, with recent reports demonstrating important roles in brain development and in the maintenance of neuronal synapses. Much of these data are derived from an increasingly rich array of experimental animal models. This Review aims to synthesize the information from such diverse models, formulating an up-to-date understanding about the various functions of αDG in neurons and glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Where possible, we integrate these data with our knowledge of the human disorders to promote translation from basic mechanistic findings to clinical therapies that take the neural phenotypes into account. Summary: Dystroglycan is a ubiquitous matrix receptor linked to brain and muscle disease. Unraveling the functions of this protein will inform basic and translational research on neural development and muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R Nickolls
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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42
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Hohenester E. Laminin G-like domains: dystroglycan-specific lectins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 56:56-63. [PMID: 30530204 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A unique O-mannose-linked glycan on the transmembrane protein dystroglycan binds a number of extracellular matrix proteins containing laminin G-like (LG) domains. The dystroglycan-matrix interaction is essential for muscle function: disrupted biosynthesis of the matrix-binding modification causes several forms of muscular dystrophy. The complete chemical structure of this modification has been deciphered in the past few years. We now know that LG domains bind to a glycosaminoglycan-like polysaccharide of [-3GlcAβ1,3Xylα1-] units, termed matriglycan, that is attached to a highly unusual heptasaccharide linker. X-ray crystallography has revealed the principles of Ca2+-dependent matriglycan binding by LG domains. In this review, the new structural insights are applied to the growing number of LG domain-containing proteins that bind dystroglycan. It is proposed that LG domains be recognised as 'D-type' lectins to indicate their conserved function in dystroglycan binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Hohenester
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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43
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Narimatsu H, Kaji H, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H, Zhang H, Noro E, Togayachi A, Nagai-Okatani C, Kuno A, Zou X, Cheng L, Tao SC, Sun Y. Current Technologies for Complex Glycoproteomics and Their Applications to Biology/Disease-Driven Glycoproteomics. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:4097-4112. [PMID: 30359034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteomics is an important recent advance in the field of glycoscience. In glycomics, glycan structures are comprehensively analyzed after glycans are released from glycoproteins. However, a major limitation of glycomics is the lack of insight into glycoprotein functions. The Biology/Disease-driven Human Proteome Project has a particular focus on biological and medical applications. Glycoproteomics technologies aimed at obtaining a comprehensive understanding of intact glycoproteins, i.e., the kind of glycan structures that are attached to particular amino acids and proteins, have been developed. This Review focuses on the recent progress of the technologies and their applications. First, the methods for large-scale identification of both N- and O-glycosylated proteins are summarized. Next, the progress of analytical methods for intact glycopeptides is outlined. MS/MS-based methods were developed for improving the sensitivity and speed of the mass spectrometer, in parallel with the software for complex spectrum assignment. In addition, a unique approach to identify intact glycopeptides using MS1-based accurate masses is introduced. Finally, as an advance of glycomics, two approaches to provide the spatial distribution of glycans in cells are described, i.e., MS imaging and lectin microarray. These methods allow rapid glycomic profiling of different types of biological samples and thus facilitate glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Narimatsu
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaji
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics , University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 3 , Copenhagen 2200 , Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics , University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 3 , Copenhagen 2200 , Denmark
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation , Johns Hopkins University , 400 North Broadway , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Erika Noro
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Chiaki Nagai-Okatani
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Xia Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan.,Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dong Chuan Road , Minhang , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dong Chuan Road , Minhang , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dong Chuan Road , Minhang , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dong Chuan Road , Minhang , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
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44
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Brioschi M, Banfi C. The application of gene silencing in proteomics: from laboratory to clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:717-732. [PMID: 30205712 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1521275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the completion of genome sequencing, gene silencing technologies have emerged as powerful tools to study gene functions in various biological processes, both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, they have also been proposed as therapeutic agents to inhibit selected genes in a variety of pathological conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Area covered: This review summarizes the mechanisms of action and applications of genome editing tools, from RNA interference to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based systems, in research and in clinics. We describe their essential role in high-throughput genetic screens and, in particular, in functional proteomics studies, to identify diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Indeed, gene silencing and proteomics have been extensively integrated to study global proteome changes, posttranslational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. Expert commentary: Functional proteomics approaches that leverage gene silencing tools have been successfully applied to examine the role of several genes in various contexts, leading to a deeper knowledge of biological pathways and disease mechanisms. Recent developments of gene silencing tools have improved their performance, also in terms of off-targets effects reduction, paving the way for a wider therapeutic application of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Brioschi
- a Unit of Proteomics , Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS , Milano , Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- a Unit of Proteomics , Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS , Milano , Italy
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45
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Dionne G, Qiu X, Rapp M, Liang X, Zhao B, Peng G, Katsamba PS, Ahlsen G, Rubinstein R, Potter CS, Carragher B, Honig B, Müller U, Shapiro L. Mechanotransduction by PCDH15 Relies on a Novel cis-Dimeric Architecture. Neuron 2018; 99:480-492.e5. [PMID: 30057206 PMCID: PMC6168201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The tip link, a filament formed by protocadherin 15 (PCDH15) and cadherin 23, conveys mechanical force from sound waves and head movement to open hair-cell mechanotransduction channels. Tip-link cadherins are thought to have acquired structural features critical for their role in mechanotransduction. Here, we biophysically and structurally characterize the unusual cis-homodimeric architecture of PCDH15. We show that PCDH15 molecules form double-helical assemblies through cis-dimerization interfaces in the extracellular cadherin EC2-EC3 domain region and in a unique membrane-proximal domain. Electron microscopy studies visualize the cis-dimeric PCDH15 assembly and reveal the PCDH15 extracellular domain as a parallel double helix with cis cross-bridges at the two locations we defined. The helical configuration suggests the potential for elasticity through helix winding and unwinding. Functional studies in hair cells show that mutations that perturb PCDH15 dimerization contacts affect mechanotransduction. Together, these data reveal the cis-dimeric architecture of PCDH15 and show that dimerization is critical for sensing mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilman Dionne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xufeng Qiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Micah Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guihong Peng
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rotem Rubinstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Clinton S Potter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Bridget Carragher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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46
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Jaiganesh A, De-la-Torre P, Patel AA, Termine DJ, Velez-Cortes F, Chen C, Sotomayor M. Zooming in on Cadherin-23: Structural Diversity and Potential Mechanisms of Inherited Deafness. Structure 2018; 26:1210-1225.e4. [PMID: 30033219 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin-23 (CDH23) is an essential component of hair-cell tip links, fine filaments that mediate inner-ear mechanotransduction. The extracellular domain of CDH23 forms about three-fourths of the tip link with 27 extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats that are structurally similar but not identical to each other. Calcium (Ca2+) coordination at the EC linker regions is key for tip-link elasticity and function. There are ∼116 sites in CDH23 affected by deafness-causing mutations, many of which alter conserved Ca2+-binding residues. Here we present crystal structures showing 18 CDH23 EC repeats, including the most and least conserved, a fragment carrying disease mutations, and EC repeats with non-canonical Ca2+-binding motif sequences and unusual secondary structure. Complementary experiments show deafness mutations' effects on stability and affinity for Ca2+. Additionally, a model of nine contiguous CDH23 EC repeats reveals helicity and potential parallel dimerization faces. Overall, our studies provide detailed structural insight into CDH23 function in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Jaiganesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pedro De-la-Torre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aniket A Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Domenic J Termine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Florencia Velez-Cortes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Conghui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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47
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Liu Z, Wang C, Liu X, Kuang S. Shisa2 regulates the fusion of muscle progenitors. Stem Cell Res 2018; 31:31-41. [PMID: 30007221 PMCID: PMC6171505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscles are comprised of multinuclear muscle cells called myofibers. During skeletal muscle development and regeneration, mononuclear progenitor cells (myoblasts) fuse to form multinuclear myotubes, which mature and become myofibers. The molecular events mediating myoblast fusion are not fully understood. Here we report that Shisa2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized protein, regulates the fusion of muscle satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts. Shisa2 expression is repressed by Notch signaling, elevated in activated compared to quiescent satellite cells, and further upregulated during myogenic differentiation. Knockdown of Shisa2 inhibits the fusion of myoblasts without affecting proliferation. Conversely, Shisa2 overexpression in proliferating myoblasts inhibits their proliferation but promotes premature fusion. Interestingly, Shisa2-overexpressing nascent myotubes actively recruit myoblasts to fuse with. At the molecular level, Rac1/Cdc42-mediated cytoskeletal F-actin remodeling is required for Shisa2 to promote myoblast fusion. These results provide a novel mechanism through which an ER protein regulates myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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48
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Meng C, Sasmal A, Zhang Y, Gao T, Liu CC, Khan N, Varki A, Wang F, Cao H. Chemoenzymatic Assembly of Mammalian O-Mannose Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caicai Meng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center; University of California; San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
| | - Tian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 China
| | - Chang-Cheng Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 China
| | - Naazneen Khan
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center; University of California; San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center; University of California; San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 China
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49
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Meng C, Sasmal A, Zhang Y, Gao T, Liu CC, Khan N, Varki A, Wang F, Cao H. Chemoenzymatic Assembly of Mammalian O-Mannose Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9003-9007. [PMID: 29802667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
O-Mannose glycans account up to 30 % of total O-glycans in the brain. Previous synthesis and functional studies have only focused on the core M3 O-mannose glycans of α-dystroglycan, which are a causative factor for various muscular diseases. In this study, a highly efficient chemoenzymatic strategy was developed that enabled the first collective synthesis of 63 core M1 and core M2 O-mannose glycans. This chemoenzymatic strategy features the gram-scale chemical synthesis of five judiciously designed core structures, and the diversity-oriented modification of the core structures with three enzyme modules to provide 58 complex O-mannose glycans in a linear sequence that does not exceed four steps. The binding profiles of synthetic O-mannose glycans with a panel of lectins, antibodies, and brain proteins were also explored by using a printed O-mannose glycan array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicai Meng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Naazneen Khan
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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50
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Wang S, Zhang Q, Chen C, Guo Y, Gadi MR, Yu J, Westerlind U, Liu Y, Cao X, Wang PG, Li L. Facile Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of O-Mannosyl Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9268-9273. [PMID: 29732660 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
O Mannosylation is a vital protein modification involved in brain and muscle development whereas the biological relevance of O-mannosyl glycans has remained largely unknown owing to the lack of structurally defined glycoforms. An efficient scaffold synthesis/enzymatic extension (SSEE) strategy was developed to prepare such structures by combining gram-scale convergent chemical syntheses of three scaffolds and strictly controlled sequential enzymatic extension catalyzed by glycosyltransferases. In total, 45 O-mannosyl glycans were obtained, covering the majority of identified mammalian structures. Subsequent glycan microarray analysis revealed fine specificities of glycan-binding proteins and specific antisera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - CongCong Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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