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Zhang R, Zhang R, Zimmerman AR, Wang H, Gao B. Applications, impacts, and management of biochar persistent free radicals: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121543. [PMID: 37019262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a promising environmental contaminant remediation agent because of its adsorptive and catalytic properties. However, the environmental effects of persistent free radicals (PFRs) produced by biomass pyrolysis (biochar production) are still poorly understood, though they have received increasing research attention in recent years. Although PFRs both directly and indirectly mediate biochar's removal of environmental pollutants, they also have the potential to cause ecological damage. In order to support and sustain biochar applications, effective strategies are needed to control the negative effects of biochar PFRs. Yet, there has been no systematic evaluation of the environmental behavior, risks, or management techniques of biochar PFRs. Thus, this review: 1) outlines the formation mechanisms and types of biochar PFRs, 2) evaluates their environmental applications and potential risks, 3) summarizes their environmental migration and transformation, and 4) explores effective management strategies for biochar PFRs during both production and application phases. Finally, future research directions are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Andrew R Zimmerman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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2
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Kozawa D, Li SX, Ichihara T, Rajan AG, Gong X, He G, Koman VB, Zeng Y, Kuehne M, Silmore KS, Parviz D, Liu P, Liu AT, Faucher S, Yuan Z, Warner J, Blankschtein D, Strano MS. Discretized hexagonal boron nitride quantum emitters and their chemical interconversion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:115702. [PMID: 36595236 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are of significant interest because of their unique photophysical properties, such as single-photon emission at room temperature, and promising applications in quantum computing and communications. The photoemission from hBN defects covers a wide range of emission energies but identifying and modulating the properties of specific emitters remain challenging due to uncontrolled formation of hBN defects. In this study, more than 2000 spectra are collected consisting of single, isolated zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) between 1.59 and 2.25 eV from diverse sample types. Most of ZPLs are organized into seven discretized emission energies. All emitters exhibit a range of lifetimes from 1 to 6 ns, and phonon sidebands offset by the dominant lattice phonon in hBN near 1370 cm-1. Two chemical processing schemes are developed based on water and boric acid etching that generate or preferentially interconvert specific emitters, respectively. The identification and chemical interconversion of these discretized emitters should significantly advance the understanding of solid-state chemistry and photophysics of hBN quantum emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kozawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Sylvia Xin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Takeo Ichihara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
- Energy and System R&D Department, Chemistry and Chemical Process Laboratory, Corporate R&D, Asahi Kasei Corporation, Kurashiki, Okayama 7118510, Japan
| | - Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Guangwei He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Kevin S Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Pingwei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Samuel Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Jamie Warner
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
- Materials Graduate Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
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3
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Furtenbacher T, Hegedus ST, Tennyson J, Császár AG. Analysis of measured high-resolution doublet rovibronic spectra and related line lists of 12CH and 16OH. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19287-19301. [PMID: 35929432 PMCID: PMC9382695 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02240k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Detailed understanding of the energy-level structure of the quantum states as well as of the rovibronic spectra of the ethylidyne (CH) and the hydroxyl (OH) radicals is mandatory for a multitude of modelling efforts within multiple chemical, combustion, astrophysical, and atmospheric environments. Accurate empirical rovibronic energy levels, with associated uncertainties, are reported for the low-lying doublet electronic states of 12CH and 16OH, using the Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels (MARVEL) algorithm. For 12CH, a total of 1521 empirical energy levels are determined in the primary spectroscopic network (SN) of the radical, corresponding to the following seven electronic states: X 2Π, A 2Δ, B 2Σ-, C2 Σ+, D 2Π, E 2Σ+, and F 2Σ+. The energy levels are derived from 6348 experimentally measured and validated transitions, collected from 29 sources. For 16OH, the lowest four doublet electronic states, X 2Π, A 2Σ+, B 2Σ+, and C 2Σ+, are considered, and a careful analysis and validation of 15 938 rovibronic transitions, collected from 45 sources, results in 1624 empirical rovibronic energy levels. The large set of spectroscopic data presented should facilitate the refinement of line lists for the 12CH and 16OH radicals. For both molecules hyperfine-resolved experimental transitions have also been considered, forming SNs independent from the primary SNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Furtenbacher
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Samuel T Hegedus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Jonathan Tennyson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Attila G Császár
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Baradyn M, Ratkiewicz A. On-The-Fly Kinetics of the Hydrogen Abstraction by Hydroperoxyl Radical: An Application of the Reaction Class Transition State Theory. Front Chem 2022; 9:806873. [PMID: 35174142 PMCID: PMC8841336 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.806873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A Reaction Class Transition State Theory (RC-TST) is applied to calculate thermal rate constants for hydrogen abstraction by OOH radical from alkanes in the temperature range of 300–2500 K. The rate constants for the reference reaction C2H6 + ∙OOH → ∙C2H5 + H2O2, is obtained with the Canonical Variational Transition State Theory (CVT) augmented with the Small Curvature Tunneling (SCT) correction. The necessary parameters were obtained from M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ data for a training set of 24 reactions. Depending on the approximation employed, only the reaction energy or no additional parameters are needed to predict the RC-TST rates for other class representatives. Although each of the reactions can in principle be investigated at higher levels of theory, the approach provides a nearly equally reliable rate constant at a fraction of the cost needed for larger and higher level calculations. The systematic error is smaller than 50% in comparison with high level computations. Satisfactory agreement with literature data, augmented by the lack of necessity of tedious and time consuming transition state calculations, facilitated the seamless application of the proposed methodology to the Automated Reaction Mechanism Generators (ARMGs) programs.
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Yang L, Nie W, Liu Y, Xu Z, Xiao M, Qi X, Li Y, Wang R, Zou J, Paasonen P, Yan C, Xu Z, Wang J, Zhou C, Yuan J, Sun J, Chi X, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M, Ding A. Toward Building a Physical Proxy for Gas-Phase Sulfuric Acid Concentration Based on Its Budget Analysis in Polluted Yangtze River Delta, East China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6665-6676. [PMID: 33960763 PMCID: PMC8154357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a crucial precursor for secondary aerosol formation, particularly for new particle formation (NPF) that plays an essential role in the global number budget of aerosol particles and cloud condensation nuclei. Due to technology challenges, global-wide and long-term measurements of gaseous H2SO4 are currently very challenging. Empirical proxies for H2SO4 have been derived mainly based on short-term intensive campaigns. In this work, we performed comprehensive measurements of H2SO4 and related parameters in the polluted Yangtze River Delta in East China during four seasons and developed a physical proxy based on the budget analysis of gaseous H2SO4. Besides the photo-oxidation of SO2, we found that primary emissions can contribute considerably, particularly at night. Dry deposition has the potential to be a non-negligible sink, in addition to condensation onto particle surfaces. Compared with the empirical proxies, the newly developed physical proxy demonstrates extraordinary stability in all the seasons and has the potential to be widely used to improve the understanding of global NPF fundamentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Yang
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengning Xu
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ruoxian Wang
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pauli Paasonen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zheng Xu
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianning Sun
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023, China
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6
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Fluidized-bed synthesis of iron-copper bimetallic catalyst (FeIIICuI@SiO2) for mineralization of benzoic acid in blue light-assisted Fenton process. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Wang G, Iradukunda Y, Shi G, Sanga P, Niu X, Wu Z. Hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl free radicals determination methods in atmosphere and troposphere. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:324-335. [PMID: 33183711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (•OH) has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health. Nevertheless, high reactivity, low atmospheric abundance, determination of hydroxyl, and hydroperoxyl radical's quantity is very difficult. In the atmosphere and troposphere, hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) are closely demanded in the chemical oxidation of the troposphere. But advances in technology have allowed researchers to improve the determination methods on the research of free radicals through some spectroscopic techniques. So far, several methods such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been identified and mostly used in determining the quantity of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. In this systematic review, we have advised the use of scavenger as an advance for further researchers to circumvent some of these problems caused by free radicals. The primary goal of this review is to deepen our understanding of the functions of the most critical free radical (•OH, HO2) and also understand the currently used methods to quantify them in the atmosphere and troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yves Iradukunda
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Gaofeng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Pascaline Sanga
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiuli Niu
- Gansu Food Inspection and Research Institute, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (Peking University), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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8
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Ambekar RS, Deshmukh A, Suárez-Villagrán MY, Das R, Pal V, Dey S, Miller JH, Machado LD, Kumbhakar P, Tiwary CS. 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride-Coated Cotton Fabric with Self-Extinguishing Property. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45274-45280. [PMID: 32898423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the fabrication of flame retardant hydrophobic cotton fabrics based on the coating with two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D hBN) nanosheets. A simple one-step solution dipping process was used to coat the fabrics by taking advantage of the strong bonding between diethylenetriamine and hBN on the cotton surface. Exposure to direct flame confirmed the improvement of the flame retardant properties of the coated cotton fabrics. In turn, removal of the flame source revealed self-extinguishing properties. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that hBN hinders combustion by reducing the rate at which oxygen molecules reach the cotton surface. This time-saving and one-step approach for the fabrication of flame-retardant cotton fabrics offers significant advantages over other, less efficient production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh S Ambekar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Abhishek Deshmukh
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Martha Y Suárez-Villagrán
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5002 United States
| | - Rakesh Das
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Varinder Pal
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Satyahari Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - John H Miller
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5002 United States
| | - Leonardo D Machado
- Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Partha Kumbhakar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Chandra S Tiwary
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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9
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Odinga ES, Waigi MG, Gudda FO, Wang J, Yang B, Hu X, Li S, Gao Y. Occurrence, formation, environmental fate and risks of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105172. [PMID: 31739134 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochars are used globally in agricultural crop production and environmental remediation. However, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), which are stable emerging pollutants, are generated as a characteristic feature during biomass pyrolysis. EPFRs can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species, which poses huge agro-environmental and human health risks. Their half-lives and persistence in both biochar residues and in the atmosphere may lead to potentially adverse risks in the environment. This review highlights the comprehensive research into these bioreactive radicals, as well as the bottlenecks of biochar production leading up to the formation and persistence of EPFRs. Additionally, a way forward has been proposed, based on two main recommendations. A global joint initiative to create an all-encompassing regulations policy document that will improve both the technological and the quality control aspects of biochars to reduce EPFR generation at the production level. Furthermore, environmental impact and risk assessment studies should be conducted in the extensive applications of biochars in order to protect the environmental and human health. The highlighted key research directions proposed herein will shape the production, research, and adoption aspects of biochars, which will mitigate the considerable concerns raised on EPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fredrick Owino Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shunyao Li
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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10
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Xing L, Wang Z, Truhlar DG. Multistructural Anharmonicity Controls the Radical Generation Process in Biofuel Combustion. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18531-18543. [PMID: 31637914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The OH radical plays an important role in combustion, and isopentanol (3-methylbutan-1-ol) is a promising sustainable fuel additive and second-generation biofuel. The abstractions of H atoms from fuel molecules are key initiation steps for chain branching in combustion chemistry. In comparison with the more frequently studied ethanol, isopentanol has a longer carbon chain that allows a greater number of products, and experimental work is unavailable for the branching fractions to the various products. However, the site-dependent kinetics of isopentanol with OH radicals are usually experimentally unavailable. Alcohol oxidation by OH is also important in the atmosphere, and in the present study we calculate the rate constants and branching fractions of the hydrogen abstraction reaction of isopentanol by OH radical in a broad temperature range of 298-2400 K, covering temperatures important for atmospheric chemistry and those important for combustion. The calculations are done by multipath variational transition state theory (MP-VTST). With a combination of electronic structure calculations, we determine previously missing thermochemical data. With MP-VTST, a multidimensional tunneling approximation, multiple-structure anharmonicity, and torsional potential anharmonicity, we carried out more realistic rate constant calculations than can be computed by conventional single-structure harmonic transition state theory or by the empirical relations that are currently used in atmospheric and combustion modeling. The roles of various factors in determining the rates are elucidated, and we show that recrossing, tunneling, and multiple structures are all essential for accurate work. We conclude that the multiple structure anharmonicity is the most important correction to conventional transition state theory for this reaction, although recrossing effects and tunneling are by no means insignificant and the tunneling depends significantly on the path. The thermodynamic and kinetics data determined in this work are indispensable for the gas-phase degradation of alcohols in the atmosphere and for the detailed understanding and prediction of ignition mechanisms of biofuels in combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xing
- Energy and Power Engineering Institute , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , Henan 471003 , China.,Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
| | - Zhandong Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230029 , PR China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute , University of Minnesota , Minnesota 55455-0431 , United States
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11
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Gianella M, Press SA, Manfred KM, Norman HC, Islam M, Ritchie GAD. Sensitive detection of HO radicals produced in an atmospheric pressure plasma using Faraday rotation cavity ring-down spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124202. [PMID: 31575168 DOI: 10.1063/1.5119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a well-established, highly sensitive absorption technique whose sensitivity and selectivity for trace radical sensing can be further enhanced by measuring the polarization rotation of the intracavity light by the paramagnetic samples in the presence of a magnetic field. In this paper, we highlight the use of this Faraday rotation cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FR-CRDS) for the detection of HO2 radicals. In particular, we use a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet as a highly efficient source of HO2 radicals and show that FR-CRDS in the near-infrared spectral region (1506 nm) has the potential to be a useful tool for studying radical chemistry. By simultaneously measuring ring-down times of orthogonal linearly polarized light, measurements of Faraday effect-induced rotation angles (θ) and absorption coefficients (α) are retrieved from the same data set. The Faraday rotation measurement exhibits better long-term stability and enhanced sensitivity due to its differential nature, whereby highly correlated noise between the two channels and slow drifts cancel out. The bandwidth-normalized sensitivities are αmin=2.2×10-11 cm-1 Hz-1/2 and θmin=0.62 nrad Hz-1/2. The latter corresponds to a minimum detectable (circular) birefringence of Δnmin=5×10-16 Hz-1/2. Using the overlapping qQ3(N = 4-9) transitions of HO2, we estimate limits of detection of 3.1 × 108 cm-3 based on traditional (absorption) CRDS methods and 6.7 × 107 cm-3 using FR-CRDS detection, where each point of the spectrum was acquired during 2 s. In addition, Verdet constants for pertinent carrier (He, Ar) and bulk (N2, O2) gases were recorded in this spectral region for the first time. These show good agreement with recent measurements of air and values extrapolated from reported Verdet constants at shorter wavelengths, demonstrating the potential of FR-CRDS for measurements of very weak Faraday effects and providing a quantitative validation to the computed rotation angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gianella
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sioned A Press
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine M Manfred
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C Norman
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Meez Islam
- School of Science, Engineering and Design, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, United Kingdom
| | - Grant A D Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Karisathan Sundararajan N, Ammal ARB. Improvement studies on emission and combustion characteristics of DICI engine fuelled with colloidal emulsion of diesel distillate of plastic oil, TiO 2 nanoparticles and water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11595-11613. [PMID: 29429107 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Experimentation was conducted on a single cylinder CI engine using processed colloidal emulsions of TiO2 nanoparticle-water-diesel distillate of crude plastic diesel oil as test fuel. The test fuel was prepared with plastic diesel oil as the principal constituent by a novel blending technique with an aim to improve the working characteristics. The results obtained by the test fuel from the experiments were compared with that of commercial petro-diesel (CPD) fuel for same engine operating parameters. Plastic oil produced from high density polyethylene plastic waste by pyrolysis was subjected to fractional distillation for separating plastic diesel oil (PDO) that contains diesel range hydrocarbons. The blending process showed a little improvement in the field of fuel oil-water-nanometal oxide colloidal emulsion preparation due to the influence of surfactant in electrostatic stabilization, dielectric potential, and pH of the colloidal medium on the absolute value of zeta potential, a measure of colloidal stability. The engine tests with nano-emulsions of PDO showed an increase in ignition delay (23.43%), and decrease in EGT (6.05%), BSNOx (7.13%), and BSCO (28.96%) relative to PDO at rated load. Combustion curve profiles, percentage distribution of compounds, and physical and chemical properties of test fuels ascertains these results. The combustion acceleration at diffused combustion phase was evidenced in TiO2 emulsion fuels under study.
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13
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Xing L, Bao JL, Wang Z, Zhang F, Truhlar DG. Degradation of Carbonyl Hydroperoxides in the Atmosphere and in Combustion. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15821-15835. [PMID: 29022349 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenates with carbonyl and hydroperoxy functional groups are important intermediates that are generated during the autoxidation of organic compounds in the atmosphere and during the autoignition of transport fuels. In the troposphere, the degradation of carbonyl hydroperoxides leads to low-vapor-pressure polyfunctional species that may precipitate in clouds and fog droplets or to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In combustion, the fate of carbonyl hydroperoxides is important for the performance of advanced combustion engines, especially for autoignition. A key fate of the carbonyl hydroperoxides is reaction with OH radicals, for which kinetics data are experimentally unavailable. Here, we study 4-hydroperoxy-2-pentanone (CH3C(═O)CH2CH(OOH)CH3) as a model compound to clarify the kinetics of OH reactions with carbonyl hydroperoxides, in particular H atom abstraction and OH addition reactions. With a combination of electronic structure calculations, we determine previously missing thermochemical data, and with multipath variational transition state theory (MP-VTST), a multidimensional tunneling (MT) approximation, multiple-structure anharmonicity, and torsional potential anharmonicity, we obtained much more accurate rate constants than the ones that can computed by conventional single-structure harmonic transition state theory (TST) and than the empirically estimated rate constants that are currently used in atmospheric and combustion modeling. The roles of various factors in determining the rates are elucidated. The pressure-dependent rate constants for the addition reaction are computed using system-specific quantum RRK theory. The calculated temperature range is 298-2400 K, and the pressure range is 0.01-100 atm. The accurate thermodynamic and kinetics data determined in this work are indispensable in the global modeling of SOAs in atmospheric science and in the detailed understanding and prediction of ignition properties of hydrocarbons and alternative fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xing
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230029, China.,Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Junwei Lucas Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Zhandong Wang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feng Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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14
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Takanabe K, Khan AM, Tang Y, Nguyen L, Ziani A, Jacobs BW, Elbaz AM, Sarathy SM, Tao FF. Integrated In Situ Characterization of a Molten Salt Catalyst Surface: Evidence of Sodium Peroxide and Hydroxyl Radical Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28650565 PMCID: PMC5601248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-based catalysts (such as Na2 WO4 ) were proposed to selectively catalyze OH radical formation from H2 O and O2 at high temperatures. This reaction may proceed on molten salt state surfaces owing to the lower melting point of the used Na salts compared to the reaction temperature. This study provides direct evidence of the molten salt state of Na2 WO4 , which can form OH radicals, using in situ techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrometry, and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS). As a result, Na2 O2 species, which were hypothesized to be responsible for the formation of OH radicals, have been identified on the outer surfaces at temperatures of ≥800 °C, and these species are useful for various gas-phase hydrocarbon reactions, including the selective transformation of methane to ethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takanabe
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Khan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Luan Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Ahmed Ziani
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin W Jacobs
- Protochips, Inc., 3800 Gateway Centre Blvd #306, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA.,Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Materials Science and Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, 2410 Campus Shore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ayman M Elbaz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Mataria, Helwan University, Al Sikka Al Hadid Al Gharbeya, Al Masaken Al Iqtisadeyah, Qism Helwan, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - S Mani Sarathy
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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15
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Gianella M, Pinto THP, Wu X, Ritchie GAD. Intracavity Faraday modulation spectroscopy (INFAMOS): A tool for radical detection. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:054201. [PMID: 28789542 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the intra-cavity Faraday modulation spectroscopy technique, whereby optical feedback cavity-enhanced spectroscopy is coupled with Faraday modulation spectroscopy to greatly enhance the interaction path length of a laser beam with a paramagnetic sample in a magnetic field. We describe a first prototype based upon a cw quantum cascade laser targeting a selection of fundamental rovibrational R-branch transitions of nitric oxide (1890 cm-1), consisting of a linear cavity (finesse F=6300) and a water-cooled solenoid. We demonstrate a minimum detectable Verdet constant of Vmin=4.7×10-14 rad cm-1 G-1 Hz-1/2 (at SNR = 1), corresponding to a single-pass rotation angle of 1.6×10-10 rad Hz-1/2 and a limit of detection of 0.21 ppbv Hz-1/2 NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gianella
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas H P Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Grant A D Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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16
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Takanabe K, Khan AM, Tang Y, Nguyen L, Ziani A, Jacobs BW, Elbaz AM, Sarathy SM, Tao FF. Integrated In Situ Characterization of a Molten Salt Catalyst Surface: Evidence of Sodium Peroxide and Hydroxyl Radical Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takanabe
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE); 4700 KAUST Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Khan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE); 4700 KAUST Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Department of Chemistry; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Luan Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Department of Chemistry; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Ahmed Ziani
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE); 4700 KAUST Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin W. Jacobs
- Protochips, Inc.; 3800 Gateway Centre Blvd #306 Morrisville NC 27560 USA
- Analytical Instrumentation Facility; Materials Science and Engineering Department; North Carolina State University; 2410 Campus Shore Dr Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Ayman M. Elbaz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE); 4700 KAUST Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Mechanical Power Engineering Department; Faculty of Engineering Mataria; Helwan University; Al Sikka Al Hadid Al Gharbeya, Al Masaken Al Iqtisadeyah Qism Helwan Cairo Governorate Egypt
| | - S. Mani Sarathy
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE); 4700 KAUST Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Department of Chemistry; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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17
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18
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Ploenes L, Haas D, Zhang D, van de Meerakker SYT, Willitsch S. Cold and intense OH radical beam sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:053305. [PMID: 27250412 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and performance of two supersonic radical beam sources: a conventional pinhole-discharge source and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) source, both based on the Nijmegen pulsed valve. Both designs have been characterized by discharging water molecules seeded in the rare gases Ar, Kr, or Xe. The resulting OH radicals have been detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The measured OH densities are (3.0 ± 0.6) × 10(11) cm(-3) and (1.0 ± 0.5) × 10(11) cm(-3) for the pinhole-discharge and DBD sources, respectively. The beam profiles for both radical sources show a relative longitudinal velocity spread of about 10%. The absolute rotational ground state population of the OH beam generated from the pinhole-discharge source has been determined to be more than 98%. The DBD source even produces a rotationally colder OH beam with a population of the ground state exceeding 99%. For the DBD source, addition of O2 molecules to the gas mixture increases the OH beam density by a factor of about 2.5, improves the DBD valve stability, and allows to tune the mean velocity of the radical beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Ploenes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Haas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Willitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Herbinet O, Rodriguez A, Husson B, Battin-Leclerc F, Wang Z, Cheng Z, Qi F. Study of the Formation of the First Aromatic Rings in the Pyrolysis of Cyclopentene. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:668-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Herbinet
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, F-54000, France
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, UMR 7274, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Anne Rodriguez
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, F-54000, France
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, UMR 7274, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Benoit Husson
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, F-54000, France
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, UMR 7274, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, F-54000, France
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, UMR 7274, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Zhandong Wang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Fei Qi
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
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20
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Mellin P, Yu X, Yang W, Blasiak W. Influence of Reaction Atmosphere (H2O, N2, H2, CO2, CO) on Fluidized-Bed Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using Detailed Tar Vapor Chemistry in Computational Fluid Dynamics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelle Mellin
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Unit of Processes, Brinellvägen 23, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Swerea KIMAB AB, Department of Process Development, Isafjordsgatan 28A, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Xi Yu
- Aston University, European Bioenergy Research
Institute (EBRI), Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Weihong Yang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Unit of Processes, Brinellvägen 23, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wlodzimierz Blasiak
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Unit of Processes, Brinellvägen 23, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Djehiche M, Le Tan NL, Jain CD, Dayma G, Dagaut P, Chauveau C, Pillier L, Tomas A. Quantitative Measurements of HO2 and other products of n-butane oxidation (H2O2, H2O, CH2O, and C2H4) at elevated temperatures by direct coupling of a jet-stirred reactor with sampling nozzle and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS). J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16689-94. [PMID: 25381864 DOI: 10.1021/ja510719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the first time quantitative measurements of the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) in a jet-stirred reactor were performed thanks to a new experimental setup involving fast sampling and near-infrared cavity ring-down spectroscopy at low pressure. The experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure and over a range of temperatures (550-900 K) with n-butane, the simplest hydrocarbon fuel exhibiting cool flame oxidation chemistry which represents a key process for the auto-ignition in internal combustion engines. The same technique was also used to measure H2O2, H2O, CH2O, and C2H4 under the same conditions. This new setup brings new scientific horizons for characterizing complex reactive systems at elevated temperatures. Measuring HO2 formation from hydrocarbon oxidation is extremely important in determining the propensity of a fuel to follow chain-termination pathways from R + O2 compared to chain branching (leading to OH), helping to constrain and better validate detailed chemical kinetics models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Djehiche
- ICARE, INSIS, CNRS , 1c Avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
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22
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Herbinet O, Battin-Leclerc F. Progress in Understanding Low-Temperature Organic Compound Oxidation Using a Jet-Stirred Reactor. INT J CHEM KINET 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Herbinet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés; Université de Lorraine; CNRS, ENSIC, BP 20451 54000 Nancy France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés; Université de Lorraine; CNRS, ENSIC, BP 20451 54000 Nancy France
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