1
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Dong X, Stokes MF, Hendry AP, Larsen LG, Dolby GA. Geo-evolutionary feedbacks: integrating rapid evolution and landscape change. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:863-876. [PMID: 38862356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We develop a conceptual framework for geo-evolutionary feedbacks which describes the mutual interplay between landscape change and the evolution of traits of organisms residing on the landscape, with an emphasis on contemporary timeframes. Geo-evolutionary feedbacks can be realized via the direct evolution of geomorphic engineering traits or can be mediated by the evolution of trait variation that affects the population size and distribution of the specific geomorphic engineering organisms involved. Organisms that modify their local environments provide the basis for patch-scale geo-evolutionary feedbacks, whereas spatial self-organization provides a mechanism for geo-evolutionary feedbacks at the landscape scale. Understanding these likely prevalent geo-evolutionary feedbacks, that occur at timescales similar to anthropogenic climate change, will be essential to better predict landscape adaptive capacity and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Maya F Stokes
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurel G Larsen
- Department of Geography and Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Greer A Dolby
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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2
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Zhao WY, Liu ZC, Shi S, Li JL, Xu KW, Huang KY, Chen ZH, Wang YR, Huang CY, Wang Y, Chen JR, Sun XL, Liang WX, Guo W, Wang LY, Meng KK, Li XJ, Yin QY, Zhou RC, Wang ZD, Wu H, Cui DF, Su ZY, Xin GR, Liu WQ, Shu WS, Jin JH, Boufford DE, Fan Q, Wang L, Chen SF, Liao WB. Landform and lithospheric development contribute to the assembly of mountain floras in China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5139. [PMID: 38886388 PMCID: PMC11183111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it is well documented that mountains tend to exhibit high biodiversity, how geological processes affect the assemblage of montane floras is a matter of ongoing research. Here, we explore landform-specific differences among montane floras based on a dataset comprising 17,576 angiosperm species representing 140 Chinese mountain floras, which we define as the collection of all angiosperm species growing on a specific mountain. Our results show that igneous bedrock (granitic and karst-granitic landforms) is correlated with higher species richness and phylogenetic overdispersion, while the opposite is true for sedimentary bedrock (karst, Danxia, and desert landforms), which is correlated with phylogenetic clustering. Furthermore, we show that landform type was the primary determinant of the assembly of evolutionarily older species within floras, while climate was a greater determinant for younger species. Our study indicates that landform type not only affects montane species richness, but also contributes to the composition of montane floras. To explain the assembly and differentiation of mountain floras, we propose the 'floristic geo-lithology hypothesis', which highlights the role of bedrock and landform processes in montane floristic assembly and provides insights for future research on speciation, migration, and biodiversity in montane regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Lan Li
- Shenzhen Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke-Wang Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang-You Huang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Ling Sun
- Shenzhen Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Xing Liang
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long-Yuan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Chao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Wang
- Shenzhen Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Shenzhen Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark, Shenzhen, China
| | - Da-Fang Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yao Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Rong Xin
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Qiu Liu
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Qiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Su-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Ma C, Tang Y, Mitchell RN, Li Y, Sun S, Zhu J, Foley SF, Wang M, Ye C, Ying J, Zhu R. Volcanic phosphorus supply boosted Mesozoic terrestrial biotas in northern China. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00341-9. [PMID: 37268441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mesozoic terrestrial Jehol Biota of northern China exceeds the biomass and biodiversity of contemporaneous Lagerstätten. From 135 to 120 Ma, biotic radiation may have responded to the peak destruction of the North China Craton. However, the direct mechanistic link between geological and biological evolution is unclear. Phosphorus (P), a bio-essential nutrient, can be supplied by weathering of volcanics in terrestrial ecosystems. The middle-late Mesozoic volcanic-sedimentary sequences of northern China are amazingly rich in terrestrial organisms. Here we demonstrate episodic increases in P delivery, biological productivity, and species abundance in these strata to reveal the coevolution of volcanism and terrestrial biotas. A massive P supply from the weathering of voluminous volcanic products of craton destruction thus supported a terrestrial environment conducive to the high prosperity of the Jehol Biota. During the nascent stage of craton destruction, such volcanic-biotic coupling can also account for the preceding Yanliao Biota with relatively fewer fossils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ross N Mitchell
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfei Li
- Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Shouliang Sun
- Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Jichang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Stephen F Foley
- Australia School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, Australia; Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chenyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jifeng Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Ben‐Moshe N, Rosensaft M, Iwamura T. Land‐use changes interact with geology to facilitate dispersal of the rock hyrax ( Procavia capensis) and leishmaniasis across Israel and the West Bank. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9915. [PMID: 36960239 PMCID: PMC10030234 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Geology plays a fundamental role in establishing species' habitats, determining both physical (e.g., landscape morphology, soil texture) and chemical (e.g., mineral composition, water availability) properties. In the current Anthropocene epoch, human activity is transforming Earth's geology and ecosystems. Yet to date, there have been almost no studies incorporating geology when examining the effect of such land‐use changes on species distribution. This study seeks to uncover how specific land‐use changes interact with geology, in order to explain the recent and rapid expansion of the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) across the mountains of central Israel and the West Bank. Hyraxes are dependent on rock mounds for their habitat, and their expansion seems to be correlated with increasing infrastructure construction. However, their expansion patterns differ among locations, even when the human land‐use is similar. To explain the patterns of hyrax distribution observed over the past 46 years, we converted geological data into ecological data, which present the probability of the local bedrock breaking into boulders, whether due to either natural or anthropogenic weathering processes. We applied species distribution models (SDMs) and found that the expansion of rock hyrax populations was facilitated by means of the interaction of specific geological units with land‐use practices (e.g., roads and construction), which resulted in the accumulation of large boulders, creating novel habitats and stepping stones in previously unsuitable areas for hyraxes. Since rock hyraxes are major hosts of the leishmaniasis pathogen, the findings from this study offer important insights into the progression and potential outbreaks of the disease in human populations. Understanding the role that geology plays in shaping a species' niche is expected to prove useful in studying the distribution of other wildlife species and is fundamental in studies seeking to predict the potential ecological impacts on local biodiversity associated with land‐use change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takuya Iwamura
- Department F.‐A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences and Institute for Environmental SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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5
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Ehlers TA. Landscapes through time. Science 2023. [PMID: 36862786 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes to the landscape over millions of years are a driver of Earth system processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Ehlers
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Restrepo C, Delgado D, Debrot AO, Vries AJ, Houtepen E, Freitas JA. Phenological trajectories of Caribbean very dry tropical forests diverge under different geologic formations. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Restrepo
- Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Diana Delgado
- Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Adolphe O. Debrot
- Carmabi Foundation Willemstad Curaçao
- Wageningen Marine Research Wageningen University and Research Centre Den Helder The Netherlands
- Marine Animal Ecology, Wageningen University and Research Centre Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. Vries
- Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department PAV Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Qualify The Hague The Netherlands
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7
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Uhlemann S, Dafflon B, Wainwright HM, Williams KH, Minsley B, Zamudio K, Carr B, Falco N, Ulrich C, Hubbard S. Surface parameters and bedrock properties covary across a mountainous watershed: Insights from machine learning and geophysics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj2479. [PMID: 35319978 PMCID: PMC8942364 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bedrock property quantification is critical for predicting the hydrological response of watersheds to climate disturbances. Estimating bedrock hydraulic properties over watershed scales is inherently difficult, particularly in fracture-dominated regions. Our analysis tests the covariability of above- and belowground features on a watershed scale, by linking borehole geophysical data, near-surface geophysics, and remote sensing data. We use machine learning to quantify the relationships between bedrock geophysical/hydrological properties and geomorphological/vegetation indices and show that machine learning relationships can estimate most of their covariability. Although we can predict the electrical resistivity variation across the watershed, regions of lower variability in the input parameters are shown to provide better estimates, indicating a limitation of commonly applied geomorphological models. Our results emphasize that such an integrated approach can be used to derive detailed bedrock characteristics, allowing for identification of small-scale variations across an entire watershed that may be critical to assess the impact of disturbances on hydrological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Uhlemann
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Baptiste Dafflon
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Hurst Williams
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, CO 81224, USA
| | - Burke Minsley
- Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Katrina Zamudio
- Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Bradley Carr
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Nicola Falco
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Craig Ulrich
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Susan Hubbard
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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Abstract
Abstract
This paper is an introduction to the special issue of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society entitled OCBIL theory: a new science for old ecosystems. Firstly, we elaborate on the origins and development of OCBIL theory, which argues that landscape age, climatic buffering and soil fertility are key environmental dimensions shaping ecological and evolutionary processes across different scales. We then consider the 21 contributions made in this special issue in terms of cutting edge advances in the Southern Hemisphere that test, explore and apply aspects of OCBIL theory at the end of its first decade of formal publication. More attempts at refutation are urged, as untested aspects remain controversial. Lastly, a concluding discussion is offered on promising new lines of enquiry to develop the theory further and ensure its global application to pressing conservation issues facing biological and cultural diversity. Although OCBILs are absent or rare in much of the postglacial and periglacial Northern Hemisphere, we demonstrate, in south-west Europe and North America, starting with California, that they are likely to be found, thus extending the implications and applications of OCBIL theory in new directions. We also propose that, in many ways, Noongar Aboriginal cosmology from south-west Australia has developed sophisticated insights about ancient uplands that are precursors to key ideas in OCBIL theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A O Silveira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Peggy L Fiedler
- Natural Reserve System, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland,CA 94607-5200, USA
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Terrace, Albany, WA 6330, Australia
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9
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Hopper SD, Lambers H, Silveira FAO, Fiedler PL. OCBIL theory examined: reassessing evolution, ecology and conservation in the world’s ancient, climatically buffered and infertile landscapes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OCBIL theory was introduced as a contribution towards understanding the evolution, ecology and conservation of the biological and cultural diversity of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs), especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The theory addresses some of the most intransigent environmental and cultural trends of our time – the ongoing decline of biodiversity and cultural diversity of First Nations. Here we reflect on OCBILs, the origins of the theory, and its principal hypotheses in biological, anthropological and conservation applications. The discovery that threatened plant species are concentrated in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) on infertile, phosphorous-impoverished uplands within 500 km of the coast formed the foundational framework for OCBIL theory and led to the development of testable hypotheses that a growing literature is addressing. Currently, OCBILs are recognized in 15 Global Biodiversity Hotspots and eight other regions. The SWAFR, Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and South America’s campos rupestres (montane grasslands) are those regions that have most comprehensively been investigated in the context of OCBIL theory. We summarize 12 evolutionary, ecological and cultural hypotheses and ten conservation-management hypotheses being investigated as recent contributions to the OCBIL literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Fernando A O Silveira
- Departmento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Peggy L Fiedler
- Natural Reserve System, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA, USA
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10
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Maxwell TM, Silva LCR. A State Factor Model for Ecosystem Carbon-Water Relations. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:652-660. [PMID: 32526170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With increasing calls for improving terrestrial carbon sequestration and sustainable water use, scientists are faced with the challenge of predicting changes in carbon-water relations from organisms to landscapes. We propose an integrative framework to help in answering basic and applied questions pertaining to coupled carbon-water functions in a variety of ecosystems. The conceptual framework is based on data from a globally representative set of ecosystems that hold vast amounts of carbon and provide water for rural and urban land uses. We focus on examples that demonstrate the value of an integrated approach that combines fast- and slow-changing state factors (i.e., variables that define structural properties and functional processes at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface) to improve predictions of carbon-water relations across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby M Maxwell
- Environmental Studies Program, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Lucas C R Silva
- Environmental Studies Program, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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11
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Bedrock geochemistry influences vegetation growth by regulating the regolith water holding capacity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2392. [PMID: 32404911 PMCID: PMC7220924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although low vegetation productivity has been observed in karst regions, whether and how bedrock geochemistry contributes to the low karstic vegetation productivity remain unclear. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by exploring the importance of bedrock geochemistry on vegetation productivity based on a critical zone investigation across a typical karst region in Southwest China. We show silicon and calcium concentrations in bedrock are strongly correlated with the regolith water loss rate (RWLR), while RWLR can predict vegetation productivity more effectively than previous models. Furthermore, the analysis based on 12 selected karst regions worldwide further suggest that lithological regulation has the potential to obscure and distort the influence of climate change. Our study implies that bedrock geochemistry could exert effects on vegetation growth in karst regions and highlights that the critical role of bedrock geochemistry for the karst region should not be ignored in the earth system model.
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12
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Sterzyńska M, Shrubovych J, Tajovský K, Čuchta P, Starý J, Kaňa J, Smykla J. Responses of soil microarthropod taxon (Hexapoda: Protura) to natural disturbances and management practices in forest-dominated subalpine lake catchment areas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5572. [PMID: 32221344 PMCID: PMC7101359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances are intrinsic drivers of structure and function in ecosystems, hence predicting their effects in forest ecosystems is essential for forest conservation and/or management practices. Yet, knowledge regarding belowground impacts of disturbance events still remains little understood and can greatly vary by taxonomic and functional identity, disturbance type and local environmental conditions. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a survey of soil-dwelling Protura, across forests subjected to different disturbance regimes (i.e. windstorms, insect pest outbreaks and clear-cut logging). We expected that the soil proturan assemblages would differ among disturbance regimes. We also hypothesized that these differences would be driven primarily by variation in soil physicochemical properties thus the impacts of forest disturbances would be indirect and related to changes in food resources. To verify that sampling included two geographically distant subalpine glacial lake catchments that differed in underlying geology, each having four different types of forest disturbance, i.e. control, bark beetle outbreak (BB), windthrow + BB (wind + BB) and clear-cut. As expected, forest disturbance had negative effects on proturan diversity and abundance, with multiple disturbances having the greatest impacts. However, differences in edaphic factors constituted a stronger driver of variability in distribution and abundance of proturans assemblages. These results imply that soil biogeochemistry and resource availability can have much stronger effects on proturan assemblages than forest disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sterzyńska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Shrubovych
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Krakow, Poland.,State Museum of Natural History, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Teatral'na 18, UA 79008, L'viv, Ukraine
| | - Karel Tajovský
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Čuchta
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Starý
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kaňa
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jerzy Smykla
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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13
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Hayes JL, Riebe CS, Holbrook WS, Flinchum BA, Hartsough PC. Porosity production in weathered rock: Where volumetric strain dominates over chemical mass loss. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaao0834. [PMID: 31555724 PMCID: PMC6750914 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Weathering in the critical zone causes volumetric strain and mass loss, thereby creating subsurface porosity that is vital to overlying ecosystems. We used geochemical and geophysical measurements to quantify the relative importance of volumetric strain and mass loss---the physical and chemical components of porosity---in weathering of granitic saprolite of the southern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Porosity and strain decrease with depth and imply that saprolite more than doubles in volume during exhumation to the surface by erosion. Chemical depletion is relatively uniform, indicating that changes in porosity are dominated by processes that cause strain with little mass loss. Strain-induced porosity production at our site may arise from root wedging, biotite weathering, frost cracking, and the opening of fractures under ambient topographic stresses. Our analysis challenges the conventional view that volumetric strain can be assumed to be negligible as a porosity-producing mechanism in saprolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorden L. Hayes
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013, USA
- Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and Geophysics, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Clifford S. Riebe
- Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and Geophysics, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - W. Steven Holbrook
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Brady A. Flinchum
- Wyoming Center for Environmental Hydrology and Geophysics, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Peter C. Hartsough
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Torres MA, Dong S, Nealson KH, West AJ. The kinetics of siderophore-mediated olivine dissolution. GEOBIOLOGY 2019; 17:401-416. [PMID: 30734464 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicate minerals represent an important reservoir of nutrients at Earth's surface and a source of alkalinity that modulates long-term geochemical cycles. Due to the slow kinetics of primary silicate mineral dissolution and the potential for nutrient immobilization by secondary mineral precipitation, the bioavailability of many silicate-bound nutrients may be limited by the ability of micro-organisms to actively scavenge these nutrients via redox alteration and/or organic ligand production. In this study, we use targeted laboratory experiments with olivine and the siderophore deferoxamine B to explore how microbial ligands affect nutrient (Fe) release and the overall rate of mineral dissolution. Our results show that olivine dissolution rates are accelerated in the presence of micromolar concentrations of deferoxamine B. Based on the non-linear decrease in rates with time and formation of a Fe3+ -ligand complex, we attribute this acceleration in dissolution rates to the removal of an oxidized surface coating that forms during the dissolution of olivine at circum-neutral pH in the presence of O2 and the absence of organic ligands. While increases in dissolution rates are observed with micromolar concentrations of siderophores, it remains unclear whether such conditions could be realized in natural environments due to the strong physiological control on microbial siderophore production. So, to contextualize our experimental results, we also developed a feedback model, which considers how microbial physiology and ligand-promoted mineral dissolution kinetics interact to control the extent of biotic enhancement of dissolution rates expected for different environments. The model predicts that physiological feedbacks severely limit the extent to which dissolution rates may be enhanced by microbial activity, though the rate of physical transport modulates this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Torres
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sijia Dong
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth H Nealson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Joshua West
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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15
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Gerdol R, Iacumin P, Brancaleoni L. Differential effects of soil chemistry on the foliar resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus across altitudinal gradients. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Paola Iacumin
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Parma Italy
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16
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Achat DL, Pousse N, Nicolas M, Augusto L. Nutrient remobilization in tree foliage as affected by soil nutrients and leaf life span. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Ludovick Achat
- INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro; UMR 1391 ISPA, MOST team; F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon France
| | | | | | - Laurent Augusto
- INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro; UMR 1391 ISPA, BIONUT team; F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon France
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17
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Integrating effects of species composition and soil properties to predict shifts in montane forest carbon-water relations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4219-E4226. [PMID: 29666233 PMCID: PMC5939077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718864115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on how species composition and soil properties interact to control carbon fixation and water loss in California’s montane forests. Two conclusions arise: (i) The amount of carbon fixed per unit of water lost via transpiration varies widely among forest stands depending on dominant tree species and their inherent leaf characteristics, and (ii) different parent materials and stages of soil development regulate the effect of climate on water-use efficiency and productivity of trees across altitudinal gradients. Taken together, dynamic biological processes related to species composition and relatively inert physicochemical properties that characterize soil development can be combined to anticipate changes in forest carbon and water balances. This study was designed to address a major source of uncertainty pertaining to coupled carbon–water cycles in montane forest ecosystems. The Sierra Nevada of California was used as a model system to investigate connections between the physiological performance of trees and landscape patterns of forest carbon and water use. The intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE)—an index of CO2 fixed per unit of potential water lost via transpiration—of nine dominant species was determined in replicated transects along an ∼1,500-m elevation gradient, spanning a broad range of climatic conditions and soils derived from three different parent materials. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and oxygen measured at the leaf level were combined with field-based and remotely sensed metrics of stand productivity, revealing that variation in iWUE depends primarily on leaf traits (∼24% of the variability), followed by stand productivity (∼16% of the variability), climatic regime (∼13% of the variability), and soil development (∼12% of the variability). Significant interactions between species composition and soil properties proved useful to predict changes in forest carbon–water relations. On the basis of observed shifts in tree species composition, ongoing since the 1950s and intensified in recent years, an increase in water loss through transpiration (ranging from 10 to 60% depending on parent material) is now expected in mixed conifer forests throughout the region.
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18
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Ramoni Perazzi P, Schuchmann KL, Ablan Bortone M, Soto Werschitz A. On the absence of the Green-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia nuna (Trochilidae) from Venezuela: an analysis based on environmental niche modelling. Biodivers Data J 2018:e22092. [PMID: 29308047 PMCID: PMC5742234 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.5.e22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lesbianuna, a hummingbird distributed in the tropical Andes, has been included in Venezuela's bird list on the basis of a specimen collected in 1873 at Sierra Nevada, Mérida and deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, with no further records for this country since then. This record, largely considered as valid by most authors, has been questioned by others, although without formal analyses. New information The potential habitat range of the Green-Tailed Trainbearer, Lesbianunagouldii (Trochilidae), in the northern Andes from Ecuador to Venezuela was modelled, using maximum entropy niche modelling, environmental covariates and records from locations across the Colombian Andes. The predicted suitable habitat range corresponded well to the known range of the subspecies L.n.gouldii in Colombia and clearly excluded Sierra Nevada. Therefore, these analyses suggest that this species should be removed from the Venezuelan bird list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ramoni Perazzi
- Centro de Simulación y Modelos, Facultad de Ingenieria and Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Karl L Schuchmann
- Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig - ZFMK/Ornithology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT/ Biociencias, Zoologia (Prof. Visitante), Member of the UFMT, Computational Bioacoustics Research Unit - CO.BRA, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Magdiel Ablan Bortone
- Centro de Simulación y Modelos, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad de Los Andes,, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Alejandra Soto Werschitz
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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19
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Arvin LJ, Riebe CS, Aciego SM, Blakowski MA. Global patterns of dust and bedrock nutrient supply to montane ecosystems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao1588. [PMID: 29226246 PMCID: PMC5721729 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A global compilation of erosion rates and modeled dust fluxes shows that dust inputs can be a large fraction of total soil inputs, particularly when erosion is slow and soil residence time is therefore long. These observations suggest that dust-derived nutrients can be vital to montane ecosystems, even when nutrient supply from bedrock is substantial. We tested this hypothesis using neodymium isotopes as a tracer of mineral phosphorus contributions to vegetation in the Sierra Nevada, California, where rates of erosion and dust deposition are both intermediate within the global compilation. Neodymium isotopes in pine needles, dust, and bedrock show that dust contributes most of the neodymium in vegetation at the site. Together, the global data sets and isotopic tracers confirm the ecological significance of dust in eroding mountain landscapes. This challenges conventional assumptions about dust-derived nutrients, expanding the plausible range of dust-reliant ecosystems to include many temperate montane regions, despite their relatively high rates of erosion and bedrock nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Arvin
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Clifford S. Riebe
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sarah M. Aciego
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Molly A. Blakowski
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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20
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Augusto L, Achat DL, Jonard M, Vidal D, Ringeval B. Soil parent material-A major driver of plant nutrient limitations in terrestrial ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3808-3824. [PMID: 28317232 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Because the capability of terrestrial ecosystems to fix carbon is constrained by nutrient availability, understanding how nutrients limit plant growth is a key contemporary question. However, what drives nutrient limitations at global scale remains to be clarified. Using global data on plant growth, plant nutritive status, and soil fertility, we investigated to which extent soil parent materials explain nutrient limitations. We found that N limitation was not linked to soil parent materials, but was best explained by climate: ecosystems under harsh (i.e., cold and or dry) climates were more N-limited than ecosystems under more favourable climates. Contrary to N limitation, P limitation was not driven by climate, but by soil parent materials. The influence of soil parent materials was the result of the tight link between actual P pools of soils and physical-chemical properties (acidity, P richness) of soil parent materials. Some other ground-related factors (i.e., soil weathering stage, landform) had a noticeable influence on P limitation, but their role appeared to be relatively smaller than that of geology. The relative importance of N limitation versus P limitation was explained by a combination of climate and soil parent material: at global scale, N limitation became prominent with increasing climatic constraints, but this global trend was modulated at lower scales by the effect of parent materials on P limitation, particularly under climates favourable to biological activity. As compared with soil parent materials, atmospheric deposition had only a weak influence on the global distribution of actual nutrient limitation. Our work advances our understanding of the distribution of nutrient limitation at global scale. In particular, it stresses the need to take soil parent materials into account when investigating plant growth response to environment changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Augusto
- UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - David L Achat
- UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mathieu Jonard
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David Vidal
- UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Bruno Ringeval
- UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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21
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Jeong G, Choi K, Spohn M, Park SJ, Huwe B, Ließ M. Environmental drivers of spatial patterns of topsoil nitrogen and phosphorus under monsoon conditions in a complex terrain of South Korea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183205. [PMID: 28837590 PMCID: PMC5570292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in topsoils are critical for plant nutrition. Relatively little is known about the spatial patterns of N and P in the organic layer of mountainous landscapes. Therefore, the spatial distributions of N and P in both the organic layer and the A horizon were analyzed using a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation model and vegetation metrics. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of vegetation and topography on the spatial patterns of N and P in a small watershed covered by forest in South Korea. Soil samples were collected using the conditioned latin hypercube method. LiDAR vegetation metrics, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and terrain parameters were derived as predictors. Spatial explicit predictions of N/P ratios were obtained using a random forest with uncertainty analysis. We tested different strategies of model validation (repeated 2-fold to 20-fold and leave-one-out cross validation). Repeated 10-fold cross validation was selected for model validation due to the comparatively high accuracy and low variance of prediction. Surface curvature was the best predictor of P contents in the organic layer and in the A horizon, while LiDAR vegetation metrics and NDVI were important predictors of N in the organic layer. N/P ratios increased with surface curvature and were higher on the convex upper slope than on the concave lower slope. This was due to P enrichment of the soil on the lower slope and a more even spatial distribution of N. Our digital soil maps showed that the topsoils on the upper slopes contained relatively little P. These findings are critical for understanding N and P dynamics in mountainous ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwanyong Jeong
- Department of Geosciences/ Soil Physics Division, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kwanghun Choi
- Biogeographical Modelling, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Geography, Seoul National University, Shilim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bernd Huwe
- Department of Geosciences/ Soil Physics Division, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mareike Ließ
- Department of Soil Physics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Halle, Germany
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22
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Benkman CW, Jech S, Talluto MV. From the ground up: biotic and abiotic features that set the course from genes to ecosystems. Ecol Evol 2017; 6:7032-7038. [PMID: 28725380 PMCID: PMC5513219 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial variation in cone serotiny in Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) across Yellowstone National Park influences initial pine recruitment after stand‐replacing fire with tremendous population, community, and ecosystem consequences. A previous study showed that much of the spatial variation in serotiny results from the balance of selection arising from high frequencies of fire favoring serotiny countered by opposing selection exerted by American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) as seed predators. This earlier study, however, assumed stable local red squirrel densities over multiple generations of pines. Here, we examine environmental properties that might contribute to long‐term stability in the densities of red squirrels among sites. We found that the amount of clay in the soil, an indicator of plant and fungal growth—the latter an important food resource for red squirrels—and the coefficient of variation (CV) in diameter at breast height (DBH) of forest trees together account for a substantial amount of variation in red squirrel density. Soil development occurs over very long time scales, and thus, intersite variation in the amount of clay is unlikely to shift across pine generations. However, CV of DBH and squirrel density increase with stand age, which acts to amplify selection against serotiny with increasing interfire interval. Regardless, much of the variation in the CV of DBH is accounted for by soil bulk density, mean annual temperature, and surface curvature, which are unlikely to vary in their relative differences among sites over time. Consequently, these soil and abiotic attributes could contribute to consistent spatial patterns of red squirrel densities from one pine generation to the next, resulting in consistent local and spatial variation in selection exerted by red squirrels against serotiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Benkman
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA
| | - Sierra Jech
- Department of Botany and Chemistry University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA
| | - Matthew V Talluto
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) CNRS Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
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23
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Aciego SM, Riebe CS, Hart SC, Blakowski MA, Carey CJ, Aarons SM, Dove NC, Botthoff JK, Sims KWW, Aronson EL. Dust outpaces bedrock in nutrient supply to montane forest ecosystems. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14800. [PMID: 28348371 PMCID: PMC5379052 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dust provides ecosystem-sustaining nutrients to landscapes underlain by intensively weathered soils. Here we show that dust may also be crucial in montane forest ecosystems, dominating nutrient budgets despite continuous replacement of depleted soils with fresh bedrock via erosion. Strontium and neodymium isotopes in modern dust show that Asian sources contribute 18-45% of dust deposition across our Sierra Nevada, California study sites. The remaining dust originates regionally from the nearby Central Valley. Measured dust fluxes are greater than or equal to modern erosional outputs from hillslopes to channels, and account for 10-20% of estimated millennial-average inputs of bedrock P. Our results demonstrate that exogenic dust can drive the evolution of nutrient budgets in montane ecosystems, with implications for predicting forest response to changes in climate and land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Aciego
- Department of Earth &Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Geology &Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - C S Riebe
- Department of Geology &Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - S C Hart
- Department of Life &Environmental Sciences and the Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - M A Blakowski
- Department of Earth &Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C J Carey
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S M Aarons
- Department of Earth &Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - N C Dove
- Department of Life &Environmental Sciences and the Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - J K Botthoff
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - K W W Sims
- Department of Geology &Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - E L Aronson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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24
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Yilmaz H, Yilmaz OY, Akyüz YF. Determining the factors affecting the distribution of Muscari latifolium, an endemic plant of Turkey, and a mapping species distribution model. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1112-1124. [PMID: 28303182 PMCID: PMC5306017 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution modeling was used to determine factors among the large predictor candidate data set that affect the distribution of Muscari latifolium, an endemic bulbous plant species of Turkey, to quantify the relative importance of each factor and make a potential spatial distribution map of M. latifolium. Models were built using the Boosted Regression Trees method based on 35 presence and 70 absence records obtained through field sampling in the Gönen Dam watershed area of the Kazdağı Mountains in West Anatolia. Large candidate variables of monthly and seasonal climate, fine-scale land surface, and geologic and biotic variables were simplified using a BRT simplifying procedure. Analyses performed on these resources, direct and indirect variables showed that there were 14 main factors that influence the species' distribution. Five of the 14 most important variables influencing the distribution of the species are bedrock type, Quercus cerris density, precipitation during the wettest month, Pinus nigra density, and northness. These variables account for approximately 60% of the relative importance for determining the distribution of the species. Prediction performance was assessed by 10 random subsample data sets and gave a maximum the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.93 and an average AUC value of 0.8. This study provides a significant contribution to the knowledge of the habitat requirements and ecological characteristics of this species. The distribution of this species is explained by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors. Hence, using biotic interaction and fine-scale land surface variables in species distribution models improved the accuracy and precision of the model. The knowledge of the relationships between distribution patterns and environmental factors and biotic interaction of M. latifolium can help develop a management and conservation strategy for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yilmaz
- Ornamental Plants Cultivation ProgramVocational School of ForestryFaculty of ForestryIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Osman Yalçın Yilmaz
- Department of Forest EngineeringFaculty of ForestryIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Yaşar Feyza Akyüz
- Department of Forest EngineeringFaculty of ForestryIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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25
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Abrupt Change in Forest Height along a Tropical Elevation Gradient Detected Using Airborne Lidar. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Bui EN. Data-driven Critical Zone science: A new paradigm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:587-593. [PMID: 26883371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses examples from Australia to argue for a new approach to integrative research in the Earth's near surface environment where the pedosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere interact, the so-called 'Critical Zone'. In Australia, for around 25years, environmental data layers presented through Geographical Information Systems software have been combined with field-based measurements and observations to produce spatially explicit predictive models for digitally mapping soils and soil properties. The availability of spatially extensive datasets representing different factors of landscape evolution and their exploration with machine learning and rule induction techniques also allow the evaluation of emergent patterns against existing domain knowledge, which in turn can lead to new insights and can facilitate their extrapolation over large areas. Thus the data-driven approach is complementary to the hypothesis-driven scientific inquiry in Critical Zone observatories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth N Bui
- CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
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27
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D’Amore DV, Oken KL, Herendeen PA, Steel EA, Hennon PE. Carbon accretion in unthinned and thinned young-growth forest stands of the Alaskan perhumid coastal temperate rainforest. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2015; 10:25. [PMID: 26500691 PMCID: PMC4610996 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-015-0035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accounting for carbon gains and losses in young-growth forests is a key part of carbon assessments. A common silvicultural practice in young forests is thinning to increase the growth rate of residual trees. However, the effect of thinning on total stand carbon stock in these stands is uncertain. In this study we used data from 284 long-term growth and yield plots to quantify the carbon stock in unthinned and thinned young growth conifer stands in the Alaskan coastal temperate rainforest. We estimated carbon stocks and carbon accretion rates for three thinning treatments (basal area removal of 47, 60, and 73 %) and a no-thin treatment across a range of productivity classes and ages. We also accounted for the carbon content in dead trees to quantify the influence of both thinning and natural mortality in unthinned stands. RESULTS The total tree carbon stock in naturally-regenerating unthinned young-growth forests estimated as the asymptote of the accretion curve was 484 (±26) Mg C ha-1 for live and dead trees and 398 (±20) Mg C ha-1 for live trees only. The total tree carbon stock was reduced by 16, 26, and 39 % at stand age 40 y across the increasing range of basal area removal. Modeled linear carbon accretion rates of stands 40 years after treatment were not markedly different with increasing intensity of basal area removal from reference stand values of 4.45 Mg C ha-1 year-1to treatment stand values of 5.01, 4.83, and 4.68 Mg C ha-1 year-1 respectively. However, the carbon stock reduction in thinned stands compared to the stock of carbon in the unthinned plots was maintained over the entire 100 year period of observation. CONCLUSIONS Thinning treatments in regenerating forest stands reduce forest carbon stocks, while carbon accretion rates recovered and were similar to unthinned stands. However, that the reduction of carbon stocks in thinned stands persisted for a century indicate that the unthinned treatment option is the optimal choice for short-term carbon sequestration. Other ecologically beneficial results of thinning may override the loss of carbon due to treatment. Our model estimates can be used to calculate regional carbon losses, alleviating uncertainty in calculating the carbon cost of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V. D’Amore
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Juneau Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 11175 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK 99801 USA
| | - Kiva L. Oken
- Quantitative Ecology and Resource Management, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Paul A. Herendeen
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Ashley Steel
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 400 N 34th Street, Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA
| | - Paul E. Hennon
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Juneau Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 11175 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK 99801 USA
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Climate and topography control the size and flux of sediment produced on steep mountain slopes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15574-9. [PMID: 26630002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503567112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weathering on mountain slopes converts rock to sediment that erodes into channels and thus provides streams with tools for incision into bedrock. Both the size and flux of sediment from slopes can influence channel incision, making sediment production and erosion central to the interplay of climate and tectonics in landscape evolution. Although erosion rates are commonly measured using cosmogenic nuclides, there has been no complementary way to quantify how sediment size varies across slopes where the sediment is produced. Here we show how this limitation can be overcome using a combination of apatite helium ages and cosmogenic nuclides measured in multiple sizes of stream sediment. We applied the approach to a catchment underlain by granodiorite bedrock on the eastern flanks of the High Sierra, in California. Our results show that higher-elevation slopes, which are steeper, colder, and less vegetated, are producing coarser sediment that erodes faster into the channel network. This suggests that both the size and flux of sediment from slopes to channels are governed by altitudinal variations in climate, vegetation, and topography across the catchment. By quantifying spatial variations in the sizes of sediment produced by weathering, this analysis enables new understanding of sediment supply in feedbacks between climate, tectonics, and mountain landscape evolution.
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Richter DD, Billings SA. 'One physical system': Tansley's ecosystem as Earth's critical zone. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:900-912. [PMID: 25731586 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Integrative concepts of the biosphere, ecosystem, biogeocenosis and, recently, Earth's critical zone embrace scientific disciplines that link matter, energy and organisms in a systems-level understanding of our remarkable planet. Here, we assert the congruence of Tansley's (1935) venerable ecosystem concept of 'one physical system' with Earth science's critical zone. Ecosystems and critical zones are congruent across spatial-temporal scales from vegetation-clad weathering profiles and hillslopes, small catchments, landscapes, river basins, continents, to Earth's whole terrestrial surface. What may be less obvious is congruence in the vertical dimension. We use ecosystem metabolism to argue that full accounting of photosynthetically fixed carbon includes respiratory CO₂ and carbonic acid that propagate to the base of the critical zone itself. Although a small fraction of respiration, the downward diffusion of CO₂ helps determine rates of soil formation and, ultimately, ecosystem evolution and resilience. Because life in the upper portions of terrestrial ecosystems significantly affects biogeochemistry throughout weathering profiles, the lower boundaries of most terrestrial ecosystems have been demarcated at depths too shallow to permit a complete understanding of ecosystem structure and function. Opportunities abound to explore connections between upper and lower components of critical-zone ecosystems, between soils and streams in watersheds, and between plant-derived CO₂ and deep microbial communities and mineral weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel deB Richter
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sharon A Billings
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
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Conflicting selection from fire and seed predation drives fine-scaled phenotypic variation in a widespread North American conifer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9543-8. [PMID: 24979772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400944111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that evolutionary processes shape ecological dynamics on relatively short timescales (eco-evolutionary dynamics), but demonstrating these effects at large spatial scales in natural landscapes has proven difficult. We used empirical studies and modeling to investigate how selective pressures from fire and predispersal seed predation affect the evolution of serotiny, an ecologically important trait. Serotiny is a highly heritable key reproductive trait in Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia), a conifer that dominates millions of hectares in western North America. In these forests, the frequency of serotiny determines postfire seedling density with corresponding community- and ecosystem-level effects. We found that serotinous individuals have a selective advantage at high fire frequencies and low predation pressure; however, very high seed predation shifted the selective advantage to nonserotinous individuals even at high fire frequencies. Simulation modeling suggests that spatial variation in the frequency of serotiny results from heterogeneity in these two selective agents. These results, combined with previous findings showing a negative association between the density of seed predators and the frequency of serotiny at both landscape and continental scales, demonstrate that contemporary patterns in serotiny reflect an evolutionary response to conflicting selection pressures from fire and seed predation. Thus, we show that variation in the frequency of a heritable polygenic trait depends on spatial variation in two dominant selective agents, and, importantly, the effects of the local trait variation propagate with profound consequences to the structure and function of communities and ecosystems across a large landscape.
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