1
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Fu X, Rabadan R. Understanding variants of unknown significance: the computational frontier. Oncologist 2024:oyae103. [PMID: 38848164 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of sequencing technologies has led to the identification of numerous mutations in cancer genomes, many of which are variants of unknown significance (VUS). Computational models are increasingly being used to predict the functional impact of these mutations, in both coding and noncoding regions. Integration of these models with emerging genomic datasets will refine our understanding of mutation effects and guide clinical decision making. Future advancements in modeling protein interactions and transcriptional regulation will further enhance our ability to interpret VUS. Periodic incorporation of these developments into VUS reclassification practice has the potential to significantly improve personalized cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Ray Das S, Delahunt B, Lasham A, Li K, Wright D, Print C, Slatter T, Braithwaite A, Mehta S. Combining TP53 mutation and isoform has the potential to improve clinical practice. Pathology 2024; 56:473-483. [PMID: 38594116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The clinical importance of assessing and combining data on TP53 mutations and isoforms is discussed in this article. It gives a succinct overview of the structural makeup and key biological roles of the isoforms. It then provides a comprehensive summary of the roles that p53 isoforms play in cancer development, therapy response and resistance. The review provides a summary of studies demonstrating the role of p53 isoforms as potential prognostic indicators. It further provides evidence on how the presence of TP53 mutations may affect one or more of these activities and the association of p53 isoforms with clinicopathological data in various tumour types. The review gives insight into the present diagnostic hurdles for identifying TP53 isoforms and makes recommendations to improve their evaluation. In conclusion, this review offers suggestions for enhancing the identification and integration of TP53 isoforms in conjunction with mutation data within the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalita Ray Das
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Annette Lasham
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Te Aka Mātauranga Matepukupuku (Centre for Cancer Research), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Wright
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Te Aka Mātauranga Matepukupuku (Centre for Cancer Research), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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3
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Shkreta L, Toutant J, Delannoy A, Durantel D, Salvetti A, Ehresmann S, Sauvageau M, Delbrouck JA, Gravel-Trudeau A, Comeau C, Huard C, Coulombe-Huntington J, Tyers M, Grierson D, Boudreault PL, Chabot B. The anticancer potential of the CLK kinases inhibitors 1C8 and GPS167 revealed by their impact on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the antiviral immune response. Oncotarget 2024; 15:313-325. [PMID: 38753413 PMCID: PMC11098031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The diheteroarylamide-based compound 1C8 and the aminothiazole carboxamide-related compound GPS167 inhibit the CLK kinases, and affect the proliferation of a broad range of cancer cell lines. A chemogenomic screen previously performed with GPS167 revealed that the depletion of components associated with mitotic spindle assembly altered sensitivity to GPS167. Here, a similar screen performed with 1C8 also established the impact of components involved in mitotic spindle assembly. Accordingly, transcriptome analyses of cells treated with 1C8 and GPS167 indicated that the expression and RNA splicing of transcripts encoding mitotic spindle assembly components were affected. The functional relevance of the microtubule connection was confirmed by showing that subtoxic concentrations of drugs affecting mitotic spindle assembly increased sensitivity to GPS167. 1C8 and GPS167 impacted the expression and splicing of transcripts in pathways relevant to tumor progression, including MYC targets and the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, 1C8 and GPS167 altered the expression and alternative splicing of transcripts involved in the antiviral immune response. Consistent with this observation, depleting the double-stranded RNA sensor DHX33 suppressed GPS167-mediated cytotoxicity on HCT116 cells. Our study uncovered molecular mechanisms through which 1C8 and GPS167 affect cancer cell proliferation as well as processes critical for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulzim Shkreta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Toutant
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Delannoy
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Durantel
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Ehresmann
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Sauvageau
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien A. Delbrouck
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut de Pharmacologie, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Gravel-Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut de Pharmacologie, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Comeau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut de Pharmacologie, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Huard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Grierson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut de Pharmacologie, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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4
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Ayyappan V, Jenkinson NM, Tressler CM, Tan Z, Cheng M, Shen XE, Guerrero A, Sonkar K, Cai R, Adelaja O, Roy S, Meeker A, Argani P, Glunde K. Context-dependent roles for ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase CKMT1 in breast cancer progression. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114121. [PMID: 38615320 PMCID: PMC11100297 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling cancer cells to rapidly proliferate, invade, and metastasize. We show that creatine levels in metastatic breast cancer cell lines and secondary metastatic tumors are driven by the ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKMT1). We discover that, while CKMT1 is highly expressed in primary tumors and promotes cell viability, it is downregulated in metastasis. We further show that CKMT1 downregulation, as seen in breast cancer metastasis, drives up mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. CKMT1 downregulation contributes to the migratory and invasive potential of cells by ROS-induced upregulation of adhesion and degradative factors, which can be reversed by antioxidant treatment. Our study thus reconciles conflicting evidence about the roles of metabolites in the creatine metabolic pathway in breast cancer progression and reveals that tight, context-dependent regulation of CKMT1 expression facilitates cell viability, cell migration, and cell invasion, which are hallmarks of metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Ayyappan
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole M Jenkinson
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin M Tressler
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheqiong Tan
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinyi Elaine Shen
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro Guerrero
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kanchan Sonkar
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sujayita Roy
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pedram Argani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Gülow K, Tümen D, Kunst C. The Important Role of Protein Kinases in the p53 Sestrin Signaling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5390. [PMID: 38001650 PMCID: PMC10670278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
p53, a crucial tumor suppressor and transcription factor, plays a central role in the maintenance of genomic stability and the orchestration of cellular responses such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair in the face of various stresses. Sestrins, a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins, serve as pivotal mediators connecting p53 to kinase-regulated anti-stress responses, with Sestrin 2 being the most extensively studied member of this protein family. These responses involve the downregulation of cell proliferation, adaptation to shifts in nutrient availability, enhancement of antioxidant defenses, promotion of autophagy/mitophagy, and the clearing of misfolded proteins. Inhibition of the mTORC1 complex by Sestrins reduces cellular proliferation, while Sestrin-dependent activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and mTORC2 supports metabolic adaptation. Furthermore, Sestrin-induced AMPK and Unc-51-like protein kinase 1 (ULK1) activation regulates autophagy/mitophagy, facilitating the removal of damaged organelles. Moreover, AMPK and ULK1 are involved in adaptation to changing metabolic conditions. ULK1 stabilizes nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby activating antioxidative defenses. An understanding of the intricate network involving p53, Sestrins, and kinases holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions, particularly in pathologies like cancer, where the regulatory pathways governed by p53 are often disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.T.); (C.K.)
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6
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Choi S, Cho N, Kim EM, Kim KK. The role of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:249. [PMID: 37875914 PMCID: PMC10594706 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a critical mechanism that generates multiple mRNA from a single gene, thereby increasing the diversity of the proteome. Recent research has highlighted the significance of specific splicing isoforms in cellular processes, particularly in regulating cell numbers. In this review, we examine the current understanding of the role of alternative splicing in controlling cancer cell growth and discuss specific splicing factors and isoforms and their molecular mechanisms in cancer progression. These isoforms have been found to intricately control signaling pathways crucial for cell cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, studies have elucidated the characteristics and functional importance of splicing factors that influence cell numbers. Abnormal expression of oncogenic splicing isoforms and splicing factors, as well as disruptions in splicing caused by genetic mutations, have been implicated in the development and progression of tumors. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between alternative splicing and cell proliferation, thereby suggesting the potential of alternative splicing as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Liu E, Sudha P, Becker N, Jaouadi O, Suvannasankha A, Lee K, Abonour R, Abu Zaid M, Walker BA. Identifying novel mechanisms of biallelic TP53 loss refines poor outcome for patients with multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:144. [PMID: 37696786 PMCID: PMC10495448 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic TP53 inactivation is the most important high-risk factor associated with poor survival in multiple myeloma. Classical biallelic TP53 inactivation has been defined as simultaneous mutation and copy number loss in most studies; however, numerous studies have demonstrated that other factors could lead to the inactivation of TP53. Here, we hypothesized that novel biallelic TP53 inactivated samples existed in the multiple myeloma population. A random forest regression model that exploited an expression signature of 16 differentially expressed genes between classical biallelic TP53 and TP53 wild-type samples was subsequently established and used to identify novel biallelic TP53 samples from monoallelic TP53 groups. The model reflected high accuracy and robust performance in newly diagnosed relapsed and refractory populations. Patient survival of classical and novel biallelic TP53 samples was consistently much worse than those with mono-allelic or wild-type TP53 status. We also demonstrated that some predicted biallelic TP53 samples simultaneously had copy number loss and aberrant splicing, resulting in overexpression of high-risk transcript variants, leading to biallelic inactivation. We discovered that splice site mutation and overexpression of the splicing factor MED18 were reasons for aberrant splicing. Taken together, our study unveiled the complex transcriptome of TP53, some of which might benefit future studies targeting abnormal TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Liu
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Parvathi Sudha
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan Becker
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Oumaima Jaouadi
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Attaya Suvannasankha
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelvin Lee
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohammad Abu Zaid
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brian A Walker
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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8
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Zheng Y, Zhong G, He C, Li M. Targeted splicing therapy: new strategies for colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222932. [PMID: 37664052 PMCID: PMC10470845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is the process of forming mature mRNA, which is an essential phase necessary for gene expression and controls many aspects of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Abnormal gene-splicing events are closely related to the development of tumors, and the generation of oncogenic isoform in splicing can promote tumor progression. As a main process of tumor-specific splicing variants, alternative splicing (AS) can promote tumor progression by increasing the production of oncogenic splicing isoforms and/or reducing the production of normal splicing isoforms. This is the focus of current research on the regulation of aberrant tumor splicing. So far, AS has been found to be associated with various aspects of tumor biology, including cell proliferation and invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and sensitivity to different chemotherapeutic drugs. This article will review the abnormal splicing events in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially the tumor-associated splicing variants arising from AS, aiming to offer an insight into CRC-targeted splicing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengcheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Miciak JJ, Bunz F. A small epitope shared by p53 and an unrelated protein upregulated after adenovirus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.28.538733. [PMID: 37162859 PMCID: PMC10168313 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancers commonly harbor point mutations in TP53 that cause overexpression of functionally inactive p53 proteins. These mutant forms of p53 are immunogenic, and therefore present tantalizing targets for new forms of immunotherapy. Understanding how the immune system recognizes p53 is an important prerequisite for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies designed to exploit this common neoantigen. Monoclonal antibodies have been extensively used to probe the structural conformation of the varied isoforms of p53 and their respective mutants, and are still indispensable tools for studying the complex biological functions of these proteins. In this report, we describe the mapping of a novel epitope on p53 that appears to be shared by heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are typically upregulated in response to a variety of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Miciak
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fred Bunz
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Wang H, Guo M, Wei H, Chen Y. Targeting p53 pathways: mechanisms, structures, and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 36859359 PMCID: PMC9977964 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers, and has been a major focus of oncology research. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of multiple target genes and plays critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability, and is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Accumulating evidence has shown that p53 also regulates cell metabolism, ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, autophagy and so on, all of which contribute to tumor suppression. Mutations in TP53 not only impair its tumor suppressor function, but also confer oncogenic properties to p53 mutants. Since p53 is mutated and inactivated in most malignant tumors, it has been a very attractive target for developing new anti-cancer drugs. However, until recently, p53 was considered an "undruggable" target and little progress has been made with p53-targeted therapies. Here, we provide a systematic review of the diverse molecular mechanisms of the p53 signaling pathway and how TP53 mutations impact tumor progression. We also discuss key structural features of the p53 protein and its inactivation by oncogenic mutations. In addition, we review the efforts that have been made in p53-targeted therapies, and discuss the challenges that have been encountered in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Wang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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11
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Steffens Reinhardt L, Groen K, Newton C, Avery-Kiejda KA. The role of truncated p53 isoforms in the DNA damage response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188882. [PMID: 36977456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is activated following genotoxic stress and regulates the expression of target genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). The discovery that p53 isoforms alter the transcription of p53 target genes or p53 protein interactions unveiled an alternative DDR. This review will focus on the role p53 isoforms play in response to DNA damage. The expression of the C-terminally truncated p53 isoforms may be modulated via DNA damage-induced alternative splicing, whereas alternative translation plays an important role in modulating the expression of N-terminally truncated isoforms. The DDR induced by p53 isoforms may enhance the canonical p53 DDR or block cell death mechanisms in a DNA damage- and cell-specific manner, which could contribute to chemoresistance in a cancer context. Thus, a better understanding of the involvement of p53 isoforms in the cell fate decisions could uncover potential therapeutic targets in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kira Groen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl Newton
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhou R, He B, Wang W, Zhang B. Cyclophilin D: Guardian or Executioner for Tumor Cells? Front Oncol 2022; 12:939588. [PMID: 35860554 PMCID: PMC9289278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a peptide-proline cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) distributed in the mitochondrial matrix. CypD regulates the opening of the mitochondrial permeability conversion pore (mPTP) and mitochondrial bioenergetics through PPIase activity or interaction with multiple binding partners in mitochondria. CypD initially attracted attention due to its regulation of mPTP overopening-mediated cell death. However, recent studies on the effects of CypD on tumors have shown conflicting results. Although CypD has been proven to promote the aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells, its regulation of malignant characteristics such as the survival, invasion and drug resistance of tumor cells remains controversial. Here, we elaborate the main biological functions of CypD and its relationships with tumor progression identified in recent years, focusing on the dual role of CypD in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhang, ; Ling Zhang,
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Rou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhang, ; Ling Zhang,
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13
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Zhao J, Liu X, Blayney A, Zhang Y, Gandy L, Mirsky PO, Smith N, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Chen J, Baines C, Loh SN, Wang C. Intrinsically Disordered N-terminal Domain (NTD) of p53 Interacts with Mitochondrial PTP Regulator Cyclophilin D. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167552. [PMID: 35341741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) plays crucial roles in cell death in a variety of diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion injury in heart attack and stroke, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. To date, cyclophilin D is the only confirmed component of mPTP. Under stress, p53 can translocate into mitochondria and interact with CypD, triggering necrosis and cell growth arrest. However, the molecular details of p53/CypD interaction are still poorly understood. Previously, several studies reported that p53 interacts with CypD through its DNA-binding domain (DBD). However, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), we found that both NTD-DBD, NTD and NTD (1-70) bind to CypD at ∼μM KD. In solution NMR, NTD binds CypD with μM affinity and mimics the pattern of FLp53 binding in chemical shift perturbation. In contrast, neither solution NMR nor fluorescence anisotropy detected DBD binding to CypD. Thus, instead of DBD, NTD is the major CypD binding site on p53. NMR titration and MD simulation revealed that NTD binds CypD with broad and dynamic interfaces dominated by electrostatic interactions. NTD 20-70 was further identified as the minimal binding region for CypD interaction, and two NTD fragments, D1 (residues 22-44) and D2 (58-70), can each bind CypD with mM affinity. Our detailed biophysical characterization of the dynamic interface between NTD and CypD provides novel insights on the p53-dependent mPTP opening and drug discovery targeting NTD/CypD interface in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Present address: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Present address: Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Alan Blayney
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Lauren Gandy
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States. https://twitter.com/a_science_life
| | | | - Nathan Smith
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Jianhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Christopher Baines
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
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14
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Osterburg C, Dötsch V. Structural diversity of p63 and p73 isoforms. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:921-937. [PMID: 35314772 PMCID: PMC9091270 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The p53 protein family is the most studied protein family of all. Sequence analysis and structure determination have revealed a high similarity of crucial domains between p53, p63 and p73. Functional studies, however, have shown a wide variety of different tasks in tumor suppression, quality control and development. Here we review the structure and organization of the individual domains of p63 and p73, the interaction of these domains in the context of full-length proteins and discuss the evolutionary origin of this protein family.
Facts
Distinct physiological roles/functions are performed by specific isoforms.
The non-divided transactivation domain of p63 has a constitutively high activity while the transactivation domains of p53/p73 are divided into two subdomains that are regulated by phosphorylation.
Mdm2 binds to all three family members but ubiquitinates only p53.
TAp63α forms an autoinhibited dimeric state while all other vertebrate p53 family isoforms are constitutively tetrameric.
The oligomerization domain of p63 and p73 contain an additional helix that is necessary for stabilizing the tetrameric states. During evolution this helix got lost independently in different phylogenetic branches, while the DNA binding domain became destabilized and the transactivation domain split into two subdomains.
Open questions
Is the autoinhibitory mechanism of mammalian TAp63α conserved in p53 proteins of invertebrates that have the same function of genomic quality control in germ cells?
What is the physiological function of the p63/p73 SAM domains?
Do the short isoforms of p63 and p73 have physiological functions?
What are the roles of the N-terminal elongated TAp63 isoforms, TA* and GTA?
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15
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Lazarian G, Theves F, Hormi M, Letestu R, Eclache V, Bidet A, Cornillet‐Lefebvre P, Davi F, Delabesse E, Estienne M, Etancelin P, Kosmider O, Laibe S, Lode L, Muller M, Nadal N, Naguib D, Pastoret C, Poulain S, Sujobert P, Veronese L, Imache S, Lefebvre V, Cymbalista F, Baran‐Marszak F, Soussi T. TP53 mutations at codon 234 are associated with chlorambucil treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:E159-E162. [PMID: 35083778 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Lazarian
- Service d'hématologie biologique GHUPPSD, Hopital Avicenne, Université Sobonne Paris Nord, INSERM U978 Bobigny France
| | | | - Myriam Hormi
- Service d'hématologie biologique GHUPPSD, Hopital Avicenne, Université Sobonne Paris Nord, INSERM U978 Bobigny France
| | - Rémi Letestu
- Service d'hématologie biologique GHUPPSD, Hopital Avicenne, Université Sobonne Paris Nord, INSERM U978 Bobigny France
| | - Virginie Eclache
- Service d'hématologie biologique GHUPPSD, Hopital Avicenne, Université Sobonne Paris Nord, INSERM U978 Bobigny France
| | - Audrey Bidet
- Service d'hématologie biologique CHU Bordeaux‐Haut Lévêque Bordeaux France
| | | | - Frédéric Davi
- Service d'hématologie biologique CHU Pitié Salpétrière Paris France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Service d'hématologie biologique CHU Toulouse Toulouse France
| | | | | | - Olivier Kosmider
- Service d'hématologie biologique CHU Hopital Cochin Paris France
| | | | - Laurence Lode
- Laboratoire d'oncobiologie CHU Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale CHU Nancy Hôpitaux de Brabois Vandoeuvre‐lès‐Nancy France
| | - Nathalie Nadal
- Service de génétique chromosomique et moléculaire CHU Dijon Dijon France
| | - Dina Naguib
- Service d'hématologie biologique CHU Caen Caen France
| | | | | | - Pierre Sujobert
- Service d'Hématologie Cellulaire Hospices civils de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Lauren Veronese
- Service de cytogénétique médicale CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Samia Imache
- Service d'hématologie biologique GHUPPSD, Hopital Avicenne, Université Sobonne Paris Nord, INSERM U978 Bobigny France
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- Service d'hématologie biologique GHUPPSD, Hopital Avicenne, Université Sobonne Paris Nord, INSERM U978 Bobigny France
| | - Florence Cymbalista
- Service d'hématologie biologique GHUPPSD, Hopital Avicenne, Université Sobonne Paris Nord, INSERM U978 Bobigny France
| | - Fanny Baran‐Marszak
- Service d'hématologie biologique GHUPPSD, Hopital Avicenne, Université Sobonne Paris Nord, INSERM U978 Bobigny France
| | - Thierry Soussi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Paris France
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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16
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Mehta S, Campbell H, Drummond CJ, Li K, Murray K, Slatter T, Bourdon JC, Braithwaite AW. Adaptive homeostasis and the p53 isoform network. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53085. [PMID: 34779563 PMCID: PMC8647153 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms have developed processes to sense and address environmental changes to maintain a stable internal state (homeostasis). When activated, the p53 tumour suppressor maintains cell and organ integrity and functions in response to homeostasis disruptors (stresses) such as infection, metabolic alterations and cellular damage. Thus, p53 plays a fundamental physiological role in maintaining organismal homeostasis. The TP53 gene encodes a network of proteins (p53 isoforms) with similar and distinct biochemical functions. The p53 network carries out multiple biological activities enabling cooperation between individual cells required for long‐term survival of multicellular organisms (animals) in response to an ever‐changing environment caused by mutation, infection, metabolic alteration or damage. In this review, we suggest that the p53 network has evolved as an adaptive response to pathogen infections and other environmental selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine J Drummond
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kaisha Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tania Slatter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Antony W Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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17
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Das S, Idate R, Regan DP, Fowles JS, Lana SE, Thamm DH, Gustafson DL, Duval DL. Immune pathways and TP53 missense mutations are associated with longer survival in canine osteosarcoma. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1178. [PMID: 34635775 PMCID: PMC8505454 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma affects about 2.8% of dogs with cancer, with a one-year survival rate of approximately 45%. The purpose of this study was to characterize mutation and expression profiles of osteosarcoma and its association with outcome in dogs. The number of somatic variants identified across 26 samples ranged from 145 to 2,697 with top recurrent mutations observed in TP53 and SETD2. Additionally, 47 cancer genes were identified with copy number variations. Missense TP53 mutation status and low pre-treatment blood monocyte counts were associated with a longer disease-free interval (DFI). Patients with longer DFI also showed increased transcript levels of anti-tumor immune response genes. Although, T-cell and myeloid cell quantifications were not significantly associated with outcome; immune related genes, PDL-1 and CD160, were correlated with T-cell abundance. Overall, the association of gene expression and mutation profiles to outcome provides insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Das
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Rupa Idate
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jared S Fowles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Susan E Lana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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18
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Piipponen M, Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM. The Role of p53 in Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184507. [PMID: 34572732 PMCID: PMC8466956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common types of cancer worldwide, and their incidence is increasing. Melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the three major types of skin cancer. Melanoma originates from melanocytes, whereas BCC and cSCC originate from epidermal keratinocytes and are therefore called keratinocyte carcinomas. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a common risk factor for skin cancers, but they differ with respect to oncogenic mutational profiles and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. cSCC is the most common metastatic skin cancer, and it is associated with poor prognosis in the advanced stage. An important early event in cSCC development is mutation of the TP53 gene and inactivation of the tumor suppressor function of the tumor protein 53 gene (TP53) in epidermal keratinocytes, which then leads to accumulation of additional oncogenic mutations. Additional genomic and proteomic alterations are required for the progression of premalignant lesion, actinic keratosis, to invasive and metastatic cSCC. Recently, the role of p53 in the invasion of cSCC has also been elucidated. In this review, the role of p53 in the progression of cSCC and as potential new therapeutic target for cSCC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Division, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (M.P.); (P.R.); (L.N.)
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-3131600
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19
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Mutated p53 in HGSC-From a Common Mutation to a Target for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143465. [PMID: 34298679 PMCID: PMC8304959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC), the most common and the deadliest subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, is characterized by frequent mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, encoding for the p53 protein in nearly 100% of cases. This makes p53 the focus of many studies trying to understand its role in HGSC. The aim of our review paper is to provide updates on the latest findings related to the role of mutant p53 in HGSC. This includes the clinical outcomes of TP53 mutations in HGSC, upstream regulators and downstream effectors of p53, its function in the earliest stages of HGSC development and in the interplay between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. We summarize with the likelihood of p53 mutants to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and as targets for therapy in HGSC. Abstract Mutations in tumor suppressor gene TP53, encoding for the p53 protein, are the most ubiquitous genetic variation in human ovarian HGSC, the most prevalent and lethal histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The majority of TP53 mutations are missense mutations, leading to loss of tumor suppressive function of p53 and gain of new oncogenic functions. This review presents the clinical relevance of TP53 mutations in HGSC, elaborating on several recently identified upstream regulators of mutant p53 that control its expression and downstream target genes that mediate its roles in the disease. TP53 mutations are the earliest genetic alterations during HGSC pathogenesis, and we summarize current information related to p53 function in the pathogenesis of HGSC. The role of p53 is cell autonomous, and in the interaction between cancer cells and its microenvironment. We discuss the reduction in p53 expression levels in tumor associated fibroblasts that promotes cancer progression, and the role of mutated p53 in the interaction between the tumor and its microenvironment. Lastly, we discuss the potential of TP53 mutations to serve as diagnostic biomarkers and detail some more advanced efforts to use mutated p53 as a therapeutic target in HGSC.
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20
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Wang SF, Huang KH, Tseng WC, Lo JF, Li AFY, Fang WL, Chen CF, Yeh TS, Chang YL, Chou YC, Hung HH, Lee HC. DNAJA3/Tid1 Is Required for Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance and Regulates Migration and Invasion of Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113463. [PMID: 33233689 PMCID: PMC7699785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a common health issue. Deregulated cellular energetics is regarded as a cancer hallmark and mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to cancer progression. Tid1, a mitochondrial co-chaperone, may play a role as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, but the role of Tid1 in gastric cancers remains under investigated. METHODS The clinical TCGA online database and immunohistochemical staining for Tid1 expression in tumor samples of gastric cancer patients were analyzed. Tid1 knockdown by siRNA was applied to investigate the role of Tid1 in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS Low Tid1 protein-expressing gastric cancer patients had a poorer prognosis and higher lymph node invasion than high Tid1-expressing patients. Knockdown of Tid1 did not increase cell proliferation, colony/tumor sphere formation, or chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer cells. However, Tid1 knockdown increased cell migration and invasion. Moreover, Tid1 knockdown reduced the mtDNA copy number of gastric cancer cells. In addition, the Tid1-galectin-7-MMP-9 axis might be associated with Tid1 knockdown-induced cell migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Tid1 is required for mtDNA maintenance and regulates migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Tid1 deletion may be a poor prognostic factor in gastric cancers and could be further investigated for development of gastric cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Kuo-Hung Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (A.F.-Y.L.); (W.-L.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chuan Tseng
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Anna Fen-Yau Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (A.F.-Y.L.); (W.-L.F.)
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (A.F.-Y.L.); (W.-L.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Tien-Shun Yeh
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ching Chou
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsu Hung
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.H.); (H.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7327 (H.-C.L.)
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.-H.H.); (H.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7327 (H.-C.L.)
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21
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Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease with high incidence and mortality rates. The important role played by the tumor microenvironment in regulating oncogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis is by now well accepted in the scientific community. SPARC is known to participate in tumor-stromal interactions and impact cancer growth in ambiguous ways, which either enhance or suppress cancer aggressiveness, in a context-dependent manner. p53 transcription factor, a well-established tumor suppressor, has been reported to promote tumor growth in certain situations, such as hypoxia, thus displaying a duality in its action. Although both proteins are being tested in clinical trials, the synergistic relation between them is yet to be explored in clinical practice. In this review, we address the controversial roles of SPARC and p53 as double agents in cancer, briefly summarizing the interaction found between these two molecules and its importance in cancer.
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22
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Yang X, Shi J, Chen X, Jiang Y, Zhao H. Efficacy of Cabozantinib and Nivolumab in Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma with RET Amplification, High Tumor Mutational Burden, and PD-L1 Expression. Oncologist 2020; 25:470-474. [PMID: 32100934 PMCID: PMC7288626 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who developed bone metastasis after surgery. RET amplification, high tumor mutational burden (TMB; TMB ≥10 mutations per megabase), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were detected by next-generation sequencing. Oral administration of cabozantinib was initiated. Nivolumab was added after 1 month. The patient responded well to cabozantinib and nivolumab therapy, with tolerated adverse reactions, and achieved progression-free survival of more than 25 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical case report in the literature to describe the benefit of cabozantinib and nivolumab treatment in a patient with HCC and RET amplification, high TMB, and positive PD-L1 expression. This study explored the selection of biomarkers for targeted therapy and combination immunotherapy in patients with HCC. KEY POINTS: A patient with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) harboring RET amplification, high tumor mutational burden, and positive programmed death-ligand 1 expression responded well to the combination of cabozantinib and nivolumab therapy with progression-free survival of longer than 25 months. The combination of nivolumab and cabozantinib may be a good option for patients with advanced HCC, especially those with bone metastasis. The efficacy of cabozantinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors suggests the necessity of the combined application of multiple detection technologies, including next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry, for patients with HCC. This study explored the selection of biomarkers for targeted therapy and combination immunotherapy for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC)BeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Yan Jiang
- OrigiMedShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC)BeijingPeople's Republic of China
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23
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Dzhemileva LU, D'yakonov VA, Islamov II, Yunusbaeva MM, Dzhemilev UM. New 1Z,5Z-diene macrodiolides: Catalytic synthesis, anticancer activity, induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, and effect on the cell cycle. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103832. [PMID: 32315897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An original scheme was developed for the synthesis of previously undescribed unsaturated macrodiolides containing a 1Z,5Z-diene moiety in 44-80% yields and with high stereoselectivity (>95%) based on the intermolecular esterification of α,ω-diols with α,ω-alka-nZ,(n + 4)Z-dienedicarboxylic acids (1,12-dodeca-4Z,8Z-dienedicarboxylic acid, 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienedicarboxylic acid, 1,18-octadeca-7Z,11Z-dienedicarboxylic acid) catalyzed by hafnium triflate [Hf(OTf)4]. The unsaturated dicarboxylic acids were prepared via homo-cyclomagnesiation of tetrahydropyran ethers of O-containing 1,2-dienes with EtMgBr in the presence of Mg metal and the Cp2TiCl2 catalyst (10 mol.%) and the subsequent Jones oxidation of pyran ethers formed after the acid hydrolysis of magnesacyclopentanes. The thus prepared macrodiolides exhibit high cytotoxic activity in vitro against Jurkat, K562, U937, Hek293 and HeLa cancer cell lines. It was found that induction of the programmed cell death in Jurkat cells by macrodiolides corresponds to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Also, it was shown that the prepared macrodiolides efficiently suppress phosphorylation of Akt and p38 kinases and CREB transcription factor in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya U Dzhemileva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Oktyabrya, 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir A D'yakonov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Oktyabrya, 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Ilgiz I Islamov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Oktyabrya, 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Milyausha M Yunusbaeva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Oktyabrya, 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Oktyabrya, 141, 450075 Ufa, Russian Federation
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24
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Molecular Chaperones in Cancer Stem Cells: Determinants of Stemness and Potential Targets for Antitumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040892. [PMID: 32268506 PMCID: PMC7226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a great challenge in the fight against cancer because these self-renewing tumorigenic cell fractions are thought to be responsible for metastasis dissemination and cases of tumor recurrence. In comparison with non-stem cancer cells, CSCs are known to be more resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Elucidation of mechanisms and factors that promote the emergence and existence of CSCs and their high resistance to cytotoxic treatments would help to develop effective CSC-targeting therapeutics. The present review is dedicated to the implication of molecular chaperones (protein regulators of polypeptide chain folding) in both the formation/maintenance of the CSC phenotype and cytoprotective machinery allowing CSCs to survive after drug or radiation exposure and evade immune attack. The major cellular chaperones, namely heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP40, HSP27), glucose-regulated proteins (GRP94, GRP78, GRP75), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, protein disulfide isomerases, calreticulin, and also a transcription heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) initiating HSP gene expression are here considered as determinants of the cancer cell stemness and potential targets for a therapeutic attack on CSCs. Various approaches and agents are discussed that may be used for inhibiting the chaperone-dependent development/manifestations of cancer cell stemness.
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25
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Liu D, Li W, Zhong F, Yin J, Zhou W, Li S, Sun X, Xu J, Li G, Wen Y, Wang J, Hong M, Cheng Z, Yuan J, Dai L, Sun J, Wang J, Qiu C, Wang G, Zou C. METTL7B Is Required for Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:178. [PMID: 32180726 PMCID: PMC7059849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, however, molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer tumorigenesis and progression remain unknown. Here, we report evidence showing that one member of the mammalian methyltransferase-like family (METTL), METTL7B, is a potential molecular target for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METTL7B expression was elevated in the majority of NSCLC comparing to normal tissues. Increased expression of METTL7B contributed to advanced stages of tumor development and poor survival in NSCLC patients. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA silencing of METTL7B suppressed proliferation and tumorigenesis of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Investigation on gene expression profiles of NSCLC cells revealed that abundant cell cycle related genes were downregulated in the absence of METTL7B. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that METTL7B participated in cell cycle regulation. Notably, CCND1, a key regulator for G1/S transition, was significantly decreased with the depletion of METTL7B, resulting in G0/G1 arrest, indicating that METTL7B is critical for cell cycle progression. Taken together, our findings implicate that METTL7B is essential for NSCLC development and progression. METTL7B might serve as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuhua Zhong
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shixuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Malin Hong
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jichao Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangsuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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26
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The Emerging Landscape of p53 Isoforms in Physiology, Cancer and Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246257. [PMID: 31835844 PMCID: PMC6941119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p53, first described four decades ago, is now established as a master regulator of cellular stress response, the “guardian of the genome”. p53 contributes to biological robustness by behaving in a cellular-context dependent manner, influenced by several factors (e.g., cell type, active signalling pathways, the type, extent and intensity of cellular damage, cell cycle stage, nutrient availability, immune function). The p53 isoforms regulate gene transcription and protein expression in response to the stimuli so that the cell response is precisely tuned to the cell signals and cell context. Twelve isoforms of p53 have been described in humans. In this review, we explore the interactions between p53 isoforms and other proteins contributing to their established cellular functions, which can be both tumour-suppressive and oncogenic in nature. Evidence of p53 isoform in human cancers is largely based on RT-qPCR expression studies, usually investigating a particular type of isoform. Beyond p53 isoform functions in cancer, it is implicated in neurodegeneration, embryological development, progeroid phenotype, inflammatory pathology, infections and tissue regeneration, which are described in this review.
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27
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Garziera M, Cecchin E, Giorda G, Sorio R, Scalone S, De Mattia E, Roncato R, Gagno S, Poletto E, Romanato L, Ecca F, Canzonieri V, Toffoli G. Clonal Evolution of TP53 c.375+1G>A Mutation in Pre- and Post- Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) Tumor Samples in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC). Cells 2019; 8:cells8101186. [PMID: 31581548 PMCID: PMC6829309 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin/paclitaxel is the reference regimen in the treatment of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) in neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) before interval debulking surgery (IDS). To identify new genetic markers of platinum-resistance, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 26 cancer-genes was performed on paired matched pre- and post-NACT tumor and blood samples in a patient with stage IV HGSOC treated with NACT-IDS, showing platinum-refractory/resistance and poor prognosis. Only the TP53 c.375+1G>A somatic mutation was identified in both tumor samples. This variant, associated with aberrant splicing, was in trans configuration with the 72Arg allele of the known germline polymorphism TP53 c.215C>G (p. Pro72Arg). In the post-NACT tumor sample we observed the complete expansion of the TP53 c.375+1G>A driver mutant clone with somatic loss of the treatment-sensitive 72Arg allele. NGS results were confirmed with Sanger method and immunostaining for p53, BRCA1, p16, WT1, and Ki-67 markers were evaluated. This study showed that (i) the splice mutation in TP53 was present as an early driver mutation at diagnosis; (ii) the mutational profile was shared in pre- and post-NACT tumor samples; (iii) the complete expansion of a single dominant mutant clone through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) had occurred, suggesting a possible mechanism of platinum-resistance in HGSOC under the pressure of NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Giorda
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Medical Oncology Unit C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Simona Scalone
- Medical Oncology Unit C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Sara Gagno
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Elena Poletto
- Medical Oncology, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, ASUIUD, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Loredana Romanato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Ecca
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
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28
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Smeby J, Sveen A, Eilertsen IA, Danielsen SA, Hoff AM, Eide PW, Johannessen B, Hektoen M, Skotheim RI, Guren MG, Nesbakken A, Lothe RA. Transcriptional and functional consequences of TP53 splice mutations in colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:35. [PMID: 31092812 PMCID: PMC6520361 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are common in colorectal cancer (CRC). Most TP53 sequencing studies have been restricted to coding regions, but recent studies have revealed that splice mutations can generate transcript variants with distinct tumorigenic and prognostic properties. Here, we performed unrestricted sequencing of all coding sequences and splice regions of TP53 in a single-hospital series of 401 primary CRCs. TP53 splice mutations were detected in 4% of the cases (N = 16), considerably more frequent than reported in major databases, and they were mutually exclusive to exon mutations. RNA sequencing revealed high-level expression of aberrant transcript variants in the majority of splice mutated tumors (75%). Most variants were predicted to produce truncated TP53 proteins, including one sample expressing the potentially oncogenic and druggable p53ψ isoform. Despite heterogeneous transcript structures, downstream transcriptional profiling revealed that TP53 splice mutations had similar effects on TP53 target gene expression and pathway activity as exonic mutations. Intriguingly, TP53 splice mutations were associated with worse 5-year relapse-free survival in stage II disease, compared to both TP53 wild-type and exon mutations (P = 0.007). These data highlight the importance of including splice regions when examining the biological and clinical consequences of TP53 mutations in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Smeby
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina A Eilertsen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine A Danielsen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas M Hoff
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W Eide
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Johannessen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Hektoen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne G Guren
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Nesbakken
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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29
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Guo Z, Lu Q, Zhu C, Wang B, Zhou Y, Wu X. Ultra-sensitive biomolecular detection by external referencing optofluidic microbubble resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:12424-12435. [PMID: 31052782 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.012424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose an effective method for biomolecular detection based on an external referencing optofluidic microbubble resonator system (EROMBRS), which possesses good long-term stability and low noise. In this study, EROMBRSs were used for nonspecific detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules and specific detection of D-biotin molecules. Ultra-low practical detection limits of 1 fg/mL for nonspecific and specific biomolecular detection were achieved.
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30
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Liang L, Jin L, Ran Y, Sun LP, Guan BO. Fiber Light-Coupled Optofluidic Waveguide (FLOW) Immunosensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of p53 Protein. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10851-10857. [PMID: 30141911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive detection of molecular tumor markers is essential for biomarker-based cancer diagnostics. In this work, we showcase the implementation of fiber light-coupled optofluidic waveguide (FLOW) immunosensor for the detection of p53 protein, a typical tumor marker. The FLOW consists of a liquid-core capillary and an accompanying optical fiber, which allows evanescent interaction between light and microfluidic sample. Molecular binding at internal surface of the capillary induces a response in wavelength shift of the transmission spectrum in the optical fiber. To enable highly sensitive molecular detection, the evanescent-wave interaction has been strengthened by enlarging shape factor R via fine geometry control. The proposed FLOW immunosensor works with flowing microfluid, which increases the surface molecular coverage and improves the detection limit. As a result, the FLOW immunosensor presents a log-linear response to the tumor protein at concentrations ranging from 10 fg/mL up to 10 ng/mL. In addition, the nonspecifically adsorbed molecules can be effectively removed by the fluid at an optimal flow rate, which benefits the accuracy of the measurement. Tested in serum samples, the FLOW successfully maintains its sensitivity and specificity on p53 protein, making it suitable for diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Long Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Yang Ran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , 27708 , United States
| | - Li-Peng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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31
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A mouse model of the Δ133p53 isoform: roles in cancer progression and inflammation. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:831-842. [PMID: 29992419 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review paper outlines studies on the Δ122p53 mouse, a model of the human Δ133p53 isoform, together with studies in other model organisms, cell culture, and where available, clinical investigations. In general, these studies imply that, in contrast to the canonical p53 tumor suppressor, Δ133p53 family members have oncogenic capability. Δ122p53 is multi-functional, conferring survival and proliferative advantages on cells, promoting invasion, metastasis and vascularization, as does Δ133p53. Cancers with high levels of Δ133p53 often have poor prognosis. Δ122p53 mediates its effects through the JAK-STAT and RhoA-ROCK signaling pathways. We propose that Δ133p53 isoforms have evolved as inflammatory signaling molecules to deal with the consequent tissue damage of p53 activation. However, if sustained expression of the isoforms occur, pathologies may result.
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32
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Mondal AM, Zhou H, Horikawa I, Suprynowicz FA, Li G, Dakic A, Rosenthal B, Ye L, Harris CC, Schlegel R, Liu X. Δ133p53α, a natural p53 isoform, contributes to conditional reprogramming and long-term proliferation of primary epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:750. [PMID: 29970881 PMCID: PMC6030220 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed the technique of conditional reprogramming (CR), which allows primary epithelial cells from fresh or cryopreserved specimens to be propagated long-term in vitro, while maintaining their genetic stability and differentiation potential. This method requires a combination of irradiated fibroblast feeder cells and a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. In the present study, we demonstrate increased levels of full-length p53 and its natural isoform, Δ133p53α, in conditionally reprogrammed epithelial cells from primary prostate, foreskin, ectocervical, and mammary tissues. Increased Δ133p53α expression is critical for CR since cell proliferation is rapidly inhibited following siRNA knockdown of endogenous Δ133p53α. Importantly, overexpression of Δ133p53α consistently delays the onset of cellular senescence of primary cells when cultured under non-CR conditions in normal keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). More significantly, the combination of Δ133p53α overexpression and ROCK inhibitor, without feeder cells, enables primary epithelial cells to be propagated long-term in vitro. We also show that Δ133p53α overexpression induces hTERT expression and telomerase activity and that siRNA knockdown of hTERT causes rapid inhibition of cell proliferation, indicating a critical role of hTERT for mediating the effects of Δ133p53α. Altogether, these data demonstrate a functional and regulatory link between p53 pathways and hTERT expression during the conditional reprogramming of primary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M Mondal
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA.,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frank A Suprynowicz
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA
| | - Guangzhao Li
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA
| | - Bernard Rosenthal
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA
| | - Lin Ye
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA.,Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA.
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Center for Cell Reprograming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgrtown, WA, 20057, USA. .,Second Xianya Hospital (Adjunct Position), Zhongnan University, Changsha, Huna, China. .,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute (Adjunct Position), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Gioia L, Siddique A, Head SR, Salomon DR, Su AI. A genome-wide survey of mutations in the Jurkat cell line. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:334. [PMID: 29739316 PMCID: PMC5941560 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Jurkat cell line has an extensive history as a model of T cell signaling. But at the turn of the 21st century, some expression irregularities were observed, raising doubts about how closely the cell line paralleled normal human T cells. While numerous expression deficiencies have been described in Jurkat, genetic explanations have only been provided for a handful of defects. Results Here, we report a comprehensive catolog of genomic variation in the Jurkat cell line based on whole-genome sequencing. With this list of all detectable, non-reference sequences, we prioritize potentially damaging mutations by mining public databases for functional effects. We confirm documented mutations in Jurkat and propose links from detrimental gene variants to observed expression abnormalities in the cell line. Conclusions The Jurkat cell line harbors many mutations that are associated with cancer and contribute to Jurkat’s unique characteristics. Genes with damaging mutations in the Jurkat cell line are involved in T-cell receptor signaling (PTEN, INPP5D, CTLA4, and SYK), maintenance of genome stability (TP53, BAX, and MSH2), and O-linked glycosylation (C1GALT1C1). This work ties together decades of molecular experiments and serves as a resource that will streamline both the interpretation of past research and the design of future Jurkat studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4718-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gioia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.
| | - Azeem Siddique
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Steven R Head
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel R Salomon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
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Page A, Navarro M, Suarez-Cabrera C, Alameda JP, Casanova ML, Paramio JM, Bravo A, Ramirez A. Protective role of p53 in skin cancer: Carcinogenesis studies in mice lacking epidermal p53. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20902-18. [PMID: 26959115 PMCID: PMC4991500 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a protein that causes cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or senescence, being crucial in the process of tumor suppression in several cell types. Different in vitro and animal models have been designed for the study of p53 role in skin cancer. These models have revealed opposing results, as in some experimental settings it appears that p53 protects against skin cancer, but in others, the opposite conclusion emerges. We have generated cohorts of mice with efficient p53 deletion restricted to stratified epithelia and control littermates expressing wild type p53 and studied their sensitivity to both chemically-induced and spontaneous tumoral transformation, as well as the tumor types originated in each experimental group. Our results indicate that the absence of p53 in stratified epithelia leads to the appearance, in two-stage skin carcinogenesis experiments, of a higher number of tumors that grow faster and become malignant more frequently than tumors arisen in mice with wild type p53 genotype. In addition, the histological diversity of the tumor type is greater in mice with epidermal p53 loss, indicating the tumor suppressive role of p53 in different epidermal cell types. Aging mice with p53 inactivation in stratified epithelia developed spontaneous carcinomas in skin and other epithelia. Overall, these results highlight the truly protective nature of p53 functions in the development of cancer in skin and in other stratified epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Suarez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa P Alameda
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - M Llanos Casanova
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain
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∆133p53 isoform promotes tumour invasion and metastasis via interleukin-6 activation of JAK-STAT and RhoA-ROCK signalling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:254. [PMID: 29343721 PMCID: PMC5772473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
∆122p53 mice (a model of ∆133p53 isoform) are tumour-prone, have extensive inflammation and elevated serum IL-6. To investigate the role of IL-6 we crossed ∆122p53 mice with IL-6 null mice. Here we show that loss of IL-6 reduced JAK-STAT signalling, tumour incidence and metastasis. We also show that ∆122p53 activates RhoA-ROCK signalling leading to tumour cell invasion, which is IL-6-dependent and can be reduced by inhibition of JAK-STAT and RhoA-ROCK pathways. Similarly, we show that Δ133p53 activates these pathways, resulting in invasive and migratory phenotypes in colorectal cancer cells. Gene expression analysis of colorectal tumours showed enrichment of GPCR signalling associated with ∆133TP53 mRNA. Patients with elevated ∆133TP53 mRNA levels had a shorter disease-free survival. Our results suggest that ∆133p53 promotes tumour invasion by activation of the JAK-STAT and RhoA-ROCK pathways, and that patients whose tumours have high ∆133TP53 may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways. Aberrant expression of the Δ133p53 isoform is linked to many cancers. Here, the authors utilise a model of the Δ133p53 isoform that is prone to tumours and inflammation, showing that Δ133p53 promotes tumour cell invasion by activation of the JAK-STAT and RhoA-ROCK pathways in an IL-6 dependent manner.
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Does a p53 "Wild-type" Immunophenotype Exclude a Diagnosis of Endometrial Serous Carcinoma? Adv Anat Pathol 2018; 25:61-70. [PMID: 28945609 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An aberrant p53 immunophenotype may be identified in several histotypes of endometrial carcinoma, and is accordingly recognized to lack diagnostic specificity in and of itself. However, based on the high frequency with which p53 aberrations have historically been identified in endometrial serous carcinoma, a mutation-type immunophenotype is considered to be highly sensitive for the histotype. Using an illustrative case study and a review of the literature, we explore a relatively routine diagnostic question: whether the negative predictive value of a wild-type p53 immunophenotype for serous carcinoma is absolute, that is, whether a p53-wild type immunophenotype is absolutely incompatible with a diagnosis of serous carcinoma. The case is an advanced stage endometrial carcinoma that was reproducibly classified by pathologists from 3 institutions as serous carcinoma based on its morphologic features. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor was p53-wild type (DO-7 clone), diffusely positive for p16 (block positivity), and showed retained expression of PTEN, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2. Next generation sequencing showed that there indeed was an underlying mutation in TP53 (D393fs*78, R213*). The tumor was microsatellite stable, had a low mutational burden (4 mutations per MB), and displayed no mutations in the exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) gene. Other genomic alterations included RB1 mutation (R46fs*19), amplifications in MYST3 and CRKL, and ARID1A deletion (splice site 5125-94_5138del108). A review of the recent literature identified 5 studies in which a total of 259 cases of serous carcinoma were whole-exome sequenced. The average TP53 mutational rate in endometrial serous carcinoma was only 75% (range, 60 to 88). A total of 12 (33%) of 36 immunohistochemical studies reported a p53-aberrant rate of <80% in endometrial serous carcinoma. We discuss in detail several potential explanations that may underlie the scenario of serous carcinoma-like morphology combined with p53-wild-type immunophenotype, including analytic limitations, a nonserous histotype displaying morphologic mimicry of serous carcinoma, and true biological phenomena (including the possibility of a TP53-independent pathway of endometrial serous carcinogenesis). Ultimately, our central thematic question is provisionally answered in the negative. At present, the available data would not support a categorical conclusion that a p53 alteration is a necessary and obligate component in the genesis and/or diagnosis of endometrial serous carcinoma. On the basis of their collective experience, the authors proffer some recommendations on the use of p53 immunohistochemistry in the histotyping of endometrial carcinomas.
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Tanaka N, Zhao M, Tang L, Patel AA, Xi Q, Van HT, Takahashi H, Osman AA, Zhang J, Wang J, Myers JN, Zhou G. Gain-of-function mutant p53 promotes the oncogenic potential of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting the transcription factors FOXO3a and FOXM1. Oncogene 2017; 37:1279-1292. [PMID: 29269868 PMCID: PMC5844800 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Many mutant p53 proteins exert oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) properties that promote cancer cell invasive growth and metastasis, yet the mechanisms mediating these functions still largely remain elusive. We show here that overexpression of the GOF mutant p53 G245D and other GOF p53 mutants enhances the invasive cell growth of p53-deficient head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) UM-SCC-1 cells both in in vitro three-dimensional culture and in an in vivo orthotopic nude mouse model of HNSCC through a novel transcription-independent mechanism. We demonstrate that the expression of the oncogenic forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 is upregulated by GOF mutant p53s. Moreover, we show that overexpression of GOF mutant p53 G245D decreases the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO3a, a tumor suppressive forkhead transcription factor, leading to its cytoplasmic accumulation. This downregulation of FOXO3a’s activity, in turn, leads to de-repression of FOXM1 expression. Importantly, we show that either overexpression of FOXO3a or downregulation of FOXM1 impairs both GOF mutant p53-mediated cell invasion in vitro and pulmonary metastases of UM-SCC-1 cells in vivo. Finally, not only do oral cancer patients with p53 mutations exhibit higher levels of FOXM1 expression than patients with wild-type p53, but also HNSCC patients with TP53 mutations and high levels of FOXM1 expression have the poorest survival outcomes. Given our prior demonstration that GOF mutant p53s inhibit AMPK, our current study, establishes and demonstrates a novel transcription-independent GOF mutant p53-AMPK-FOXO3a-FOXM1 signaling cascade that plays an important role in mediating mutant p53s’ gain-of-function activities in HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ameeta A Patel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing Xi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hieu T Van
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah A Osman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Kastenhuber ER, Lowe SW. Putting p53 in Context. Cell 2017; 170:1062-1078. [PMID: 28886379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1184] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. Functionally, p53 is activated by a host of stress stimuli and, in turn, governs an exquisitely complex anti-proliferative transcriptional program that touches upon a bewildering array of biological responses. Despite the many unveiled facets of the p53 network, a clear appreciation of how and in what contexts p53 exerts its diverse effects remains unclear. How can we interpret p53's disparate activities and the consequences of its dysfunction to understand how cell type, mutation profile, and epigenetic cell state dictate outcomes, and how might we restore its tumor-suppressive activities in cancer?
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Kastenhuber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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39
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Bhagavatula G, Rich MS, Young DL, Marin M, Fields S. A Massively Parallel Fluorescence Assay to Characterize the Effects of Synonymous Mutations on TP53 Expression. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1301-1307. [PMID: 28652265 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although synonymous mutations can affect gene expression, they have generally not been considered in genomic studies that focus on mutations that increase the risk of cancer. However, mounting evidence implicates some synonymous mutations as driver mutations in cancer. Here, a massively parallel assay, based on cell sorting of a reporter containing a segment of p53 fused to GFP, was used to measure the effects of nearly all synonymous mutations in exon 6 of TP53 In this reporter context, several mutations within the exon caused strong expression changes including mutations that may cause potential gain or loss of function. Further analysis indicates that these effects are largely attributed to errors in splicing, including exon skipping, intron inclusion, and exon truncation, resulting from mutations both at exon-intron junctions and within the body of the exon. These mutations are found at extremely low frequencies in healthy populations and are enriched a few-fold in cancer genomes, suggesting that some of them may be driver mutations in TP53 This assay provides a general framework to identify previously unknown detrimental synonymous mutations in cancer genes.Implications: Using a massively parallel assay, this study demonstrates that synonymous mutations in the TP53 gene affect protein expression, largely through their impact on splicing.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/15/10/1301/F1.large.jpg Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1301-7. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bhagavatula
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew S Rich
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David L Young
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maximillian Marin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley Fields
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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40
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Current advancement in immunosensing of p53 tumor suppressor protein based on nanomaterials: Analytical approach. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Meier JA, Hyun M, Cantwell M, Raza A, Mertens C, Raje V, Sisler J, Tracy E, Torres-Odio S, Gispert S, Shaw PE, Baumann H, Bandyopadhyay D, Takabe K, Larner AC. Stress-induced dynamic regulation of mitochondrial STAT3 and its association with cyclophilin D reduce mitochondrial ROS production. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaag2588. [PMID: 28351946 PMCID: PMC5502128 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is associated with various physiological and pathological functions, mainly as a transcription factor that translocates to the nucleus upon tyrosine phosphorylation induced by cytokine stimulation. In addition, a small pool of STAT3 resides in the mitochondria, where it serves as a sensor for various metabolic stressors including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially localized STAT3 largely exerts its effects through direct or indirect regulation of the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC). It has been assumed that the amounts of STAT3 in the mitochondria are static. We showed that various stimuli, including oxidative stress and cytokines, triggered a signaling cascade that resulted in a rapid loss of mitochondrially localized STAT3. Recovery of the mitochondrial pool of STAT3 over time depended on phosphorylation of Ser727 in STAT3 and new protein synthesis. Under these conditions, mitochondrially localized STAT3 also became competent to bind to cyclophilin D (CypD). Binding of STAT3 to CypD was mediated by the amino terminus of STAT3, which was also important for reducing mitochondrial ROS production after oxidative stress. These results outline a role for mitochondrially localized STAT3 in sensing and responding to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Meier
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Moonjung Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Marc Cantwell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Claudia Mertens
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jennifer Sisler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Erin Tracy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter E Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Andrew C Larner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Miller M, Shirole N, Tian R, Pal D, Sordella R. The Evolution of TP53 Mutations: From Loss-of-Function to Separation-of-Function Mutants. JOURNAL OF CANCER BIOLOGY & RESEARCH 2016; 4:1091. [PMID: 28191499 PMCID: PMC5298884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As the most mutated gene in cancer, it is no surprise that TP53 has been the center of cancer biology discourse since its discovery in the late 1970s. Although early demonstrations of p53's role in the modulation of cell proliferation and survival solidified its classification as a tumor suppressor and transcription factor, our conceptualization of p53 is ever-evolving. Here, we present novel evidence of the role of alternative splicing isoforms, truncating/separation-of-function mutations, and hotspot silent mutations in the regulation of p53's activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitin Shirole
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, USA
| | - Ruxiao Tian
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA
| | - Debjani Pal
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, USA
| | - Raffaella Sordella
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, USA
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Mehta S, Tsai P, Lasham A, Campbell H, Reddel R, Braithwaite A, Print C. A Study of TP53 RNA Splicing Illustrates Pitfalls of RNA-seq Methodology. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7151-7159. [PMID: 27913434 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TP53 undergoes multiple RNA-splicing events, resulting in at least nine mRNA transcripts encoding at least 12 functionally different protein isoforms. Antibodies specific to p53 protein isoforms have proven difficult to develop, thus researchers must rely on the transcript information to infer isoform abundance. In this study, we used deep RNA-seq, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) from nine human cell lines and RNA-seq data available for tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze TP53 splice variant expression. All three methods detected expression of the FL/40TP53α_T1 variant in most human tumors and cell lines. However, other less abundant variants were only detected with PCR-based methods. Using RNA-seq simulation analysis, we determined why RNA-seq is unable to detect less abundant TP53 transcripts and discuss the implications of these findings for the general interpretation of RNA-seq data. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7151-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Annette Lasham
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger Reddel
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristin Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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44
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Shirole NH, Pal D, Kastenhuber ER, Senturk S, Boroda J, Pisterzi P, Miller M, Munoz G, Anderluh M, Ladanyi M, Lowe SW, Sordella R. TP53 exon-6 truncating mutations produce separation of function isoforms with pro-tumorigenic functions. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27759562 PMCID: PMC5092050 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 truncating mutations are common in human tumors and are thought to give rise to p53-null alleles. Here, we show that TP53 exon-6 truncating mutations occur at higher than expected frequencies and produce proteins that lack canonical p53 tumor suppressor activities but promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Functionally and molecularly, these p53 mutants resemble the naturally occurring alternative p53 splice variant, p53-psi. Accordingly, these mutants can localize to the mitochondria where they promote tumor phenotypes by binding and activating the mitochondria inner pore permeability regulator, Cyclophilin D (CypD). Together, our studies reveal that TP53 exon-6 truncating mutations, contrary to current beliefs, act beyond p53 loss to promote tumorigenesis, and could inform the development of strategies to target cancers driven by these prevalent mutations. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17929.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin H Shirole
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States.,Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Debjani Pal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Edward R Kastenhuber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Serif Senturk
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Joseph Boroda
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Paola Pisterzi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Madison Miller
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Gustavo Munoz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Raffaella Sordella
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States.,Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
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45
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Abstract
Unlike the rather stereotypic image by which it was portrayed until not too many years ago, p53 is now increasingly emerging as a multifaceted transcription factor that can sometimes exert opposing effects on biological processes. This includes pro-survival activities that seem to contradict p53's canonical proapoptotic features, as well as opposing effects on cell migration, metabolism, and differentiation. Such antagonistic bifunctionality (balancing both positive and negative signals) bestows p53 with an ideal attribute to govern homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the paradoxical activities of p53 may be related to a protein conformational spectrum (from canonical wild-type to "pseudomutant"), diversity of DNA response elements, and/or higher-order chromatin configuration. Altogether, this functional flexibility positions p53 as a transcriptional "super hub" that dictates cell homeostasis, and ultimately cell fate, by governing a hierarchy of other functional hubs. Deciphering the mechanisms by which p53 determines which hubs to engage, and how one might modulate the preferences of p53, remains a major challenge for both basic science and translational cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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46
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Bigi A, Beltrami E, Trinei M, Stendardo M, Pelicci PG, Giorgio M. Cyclophilin D counteracts P53-mediated growth arrest and promotes Ras tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2016; 35:5132-43. [PMID: 26973251 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial alterations induced by oncogenes are known to be crucial for tumorigenesis. Ras oncogene leads to proliferative signals through a Raf-1/MEK/ERK kinase cascade, whose components have been found to be also associated with mitochondria. The mitochondrial pepdidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin D (CypD) is an important regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition and a key player in mitochondria physiology; however, its role in cancer is still unclear. Using cellular and in vivo mouse models, we demonstrated that CypD protein upregulation induced by oncogenic Ras through the Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway has a deterministic role in tumor progression. In fact, targeting CypD gene expression clearly affected RasV12-induced transformation, as showed by in vitro data on murine NIH3T3 and human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. In addition, studies in xenograft and K-Ras lung cancer mouse models demonstrated that genetic deletion or pharmacological suppression of CypD efficiently prevented Ras-dependent tumor formation. Furthermore, Erbb2-mediated breast tumorigenesis was similarly prevented by targeting CypD. From a mechanistic point of view, CypD expression was associated with a reduced induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53 functions, unraveling an antagonistic function of CypD on p21-p53-mediated growth suppression. CypD activity is p53 dependent. Interestingly, a physical association between p53 and CypD was detected in mitochondria of MCF10A cells; furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo studies proved that CypD inhibitor-based treatment was able to efficiently impair this interaction, leading to a tumor formation reduction. All together, these findings indicate that the countering effect of CypD on the p53-p21 pathway participates in oncogene-dependent transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bigi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - E Beltrami
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Trinei
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Stendardo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - P G Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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47
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Sulak M, Fong L, Mika K, Chigurupati S, Yon L, Mongan NP, Emes RD, Lynch VJ. TP53 copy number expansion is associated with the evolution of increased body size and an enhanced DNA damage response in elephants. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27642012 PMCID: PMC5061548 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major constraint on the evolution of large body sizes in animals is an increased risk of developing cancer. There is no correlation, however, between body size and cancer risk. This lack of correlation is often referred to as 'Peto's Paradox'. Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage. Furthermore, we show that several of the TP53 retrogenes (TP53RTGs) are transcribed and likely translated. While TP53RTGs do not appear to directly function as transcription factors, they do contribute to the enhanced sensitivity of elephant cells to DNA damage and the induction of apoptosis by regulating activity of the TP53 signaling pathway. These results suggest that an increase in the copy number of TP53 may have played a direct role in the evolution of very large body sizes and the resolution of Peto's paradox in Proboscideans. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11994.001 As time passes, healthy cells are more likely to become cancerous because more and more damaging mutations accumulate in the cell’s DNA. Assuming that all cells have a similar risk of acquiring mutations, larger and longer-lived animals – like elephants – should have a higher risk of cancer than smaller, shorter-lived animals – like mice. However, there does not appear to be any link between the size of an animal and its risk of developing cancer. Consequently, a key question in cancer biology is how very large animals protect themselves against these diseases. One gene that is often damaged during an animal’s lifetime is called TP53. This gene normally produces a tumor suppressor protein that senses when DNA is damaged or a cell is under stress and either briefly slows the cell’s growth while the damage is repaired or triggers cell death if the stress is overwhelming. One way that large animals could reduce their risk of cancer is to have extra copies of TP53 or other genes that encode tumor suppressor proteins. Here Sulak et al. used an evolutionary genomics approach to study TP53 in 61 animals of various sizes, including several large animals such as African elephants and Minke whales. All of the animals studied had at least one copy of TP53, and several had a few extra copies, known as TP53 retrogenes. African elephants – the largest living land mammal – had more retrogenes than any of the others with 19 in total. To investigate why African elephants have so many TP53 retrogenes, Sulak et al. also analyzed DNA from Asian elephants and several other closely related, but now extinct species, including the woolly mammoth. As expected, as species evolved larger body sizes they also evolved more TP53 retrogenes. Further experiments indicate that several of the TP53 retrogenes in African elephants are likely to be able to produce the tumor suppressor protein and that they contribute to elephant cells being better equipped to deal with DNA damage. The next step following on from this work will be to find out exactly how TP53 retrogenes help to protect animals from cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11994.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sulak
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Lindsey Fong
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Katelyn Mika
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Lisa Yon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Richard D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham UK, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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48
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Abstract
High-throughput sequencing of cancer genomes is increasingly becoming an essential tool of clinical oncology that facilitates target identification and targeted therapy within the context of precision medicine. The cumulative profiles of somatic mutations in cancer yielded by comprehensive molecular studies also constitute a fingerprint of historical exposures to exogenous and endogenous mutagens, providing insight into cancer evolution and etiology. Mutational signatures that were first established by inspection of the TP53 gene somatic landscape have now been confirmed and expanded by comprehensive sequencing studies. Further, the degree of granularity achieved by deep sequencing allows detection of low-abundance mutations with clinical relevance. In tumors, they represent the emergence of small aggressive clones; in normal tissues, they signal a mutagenic exposure related to cancer risk; and, in blood, they may soon become effective surveillance tools for diagnostic purposes and for monitoring of cancer prognosis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jin Jen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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49
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Abstract
It is poorly understood how a single protein, p53, can be responsive to so many stress signals and orchestrates very diverse cell responses to maintain/restore cell/tissue functions. The uncovering that TP53 gene physiologically expresses, in a tissue-dependent manner, several p53 splice variants (isoforms) provides an explanation to its pleiotropic biological activities. Here, we summarize a decade of research on p53 isoforms. The clinical studies and the diverse cellular and animal models of p53 isoforms (zebrafish, Drosophila, and mouse) lead us to realize that a p53-mediated cell response is, in fact, the sum of the intrinsic activities of the coexpressed p53 isoforms and that unbalancing expression of different p53 isoforms leads to cancer, premature aging, (neuro)degenerative diseases, inflammation, embryo malformations, or defects in tissue regeneration. Cracking the p53 isoforms' code is, thus, a necessary step to improve cancer treatment. It also opens new exciting perspectives in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien M Joruiz
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
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50
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Bongiorno-Borbone L, Giacobbe A, Compagnone M, Eramo A, De Maria R, Peschiaroli A, Melino G. Anti-tumoral effect of desmethylclomipramine in lung cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26219257 PMCID: PMC4627282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most feared of all cancers because of its heterogeneity and resistance to available treatments. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the cell population responsible for lung cancer chemoresistance and are a very good model for testing new targeted therapies. Clomipramine is an FDA-approved antidepressant drug, able to inhibit in vitro the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch and potentiate the pro-apoptotic effects of DNA damaging induced agents in several cancer cell lines. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of desmethylclomipramine (DCMI), the active metabolite of Clomipramine, on the CSCs homeostasis. We show that DCMI inhibits lung CSCs growth, decreases their stemness potential and increases the cytotoxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Being DCMI an inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, we also verified the effect of Itch deregulation on CSCs survival. We found that the siRNA-mediated depletion of Itch induces similar anti-proliferative effects on lung CSCs, suggesting that DCMI might exert its effect, at least in part, by inhibiting Itch. Notably, Itch expression is a negative prognostic factor in two primary lung tumors datasets, supporting the potential clinical relevance of Itch inhibition to circumvent drug resistance in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Bongiorno-Borbone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacobbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirco Compagnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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