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Meng Z, Tayyab M, Lin Z, Raji H, Javanmard M. A computer vision enhanced smart phone platform for microfluidic urine glucometry. Analyst 2024; 149:1719-1726. [PMID: 38334484 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Glucose is an important biomarker for diagnosing and prognosing various diseases, including diabetes and hypoglycemia, which can have severe side effects, symptoms, and even lead to death in patients. As a result, there is a need for quick and economical glucose level measurements to help identify those at potential risk. With the increase in smartphone users, portable smartphone glucose sensors are becoming popular. In this paper, we present a disposable microfluidic glucose sensor that accurately and rapidly quantifies glucose levels in human urine using a combination of colorimetric analysis and computer vision. This glucose sensor implements a disposable microfluidic device based on medical-grade tapes and glucose analysis strips on a glass slide integrated with a custom-made polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropump that accelerates capillary flow, making it economical, convenient, rapid, and equipment-free. After absorbing the target solution, the disposable device is slid into the 3D-printed main chassis and illuminated exclusively with Light Emitting Diode (LED) illumination, which is pivotal to color-sensitive experiments. After collecting images, the images are imported into the algorithm to measure the glucose levels using computer vision and average RGB values measurements. This article illustrates the impressive accuracy and consistency of the glucose sensor in quantifying glucose in sucrose water. This is evidenced by the close agreement between the computer vision method used by the sensor and the traditional method of measuring in the biology field, as well as the small variation observed between different sensor performances. The exponential regression curve used in the study further confirms the strong relationship between glucose concentrations and average RGB values, with an R-square value of 0.997 indicating a high degree of correlation between these variables. The article also emphasizes the potential transferability of the solution described to other types of assays and smartphone-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Meng
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Zhongtian Lin
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Hassan Raji
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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2
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Wang M, Wang M, Li W, Liu Y, Qiu F. Single-cell detection of DMSO promoted HL-60 differentiation toward granulocyte based on DC-iDEP for medicine screening. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300073. [PMID: 37640006 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of leukemia in adults is acute leukemia. Drug differentiation control is an extremely critical treatment for acute leukemia. Unfortunately, current techniques detecting differentiation control experience long time and complex steps of verification hindering the pace of medicine discovery: flow cytometry and RT-PCR are highly accurate and efficient at a cost of inconvenient fluorescent labeling or a high risk of contamination; conventional staining leads to cell death unavailable for further pharmacological tests. There is a great interest in developing simple, fast, and non-invasive techniques to screen medicine. DC-iDEP is an emerging label-free identification technique taking advantage of the whole cell native biophysical property for sorting cell populations. Here, HL-60 cell line has been used as a model to study the differentiation process toward granulocytes and medicine efficacy. The results showed that DEP succeeded in detecting the DMSO promoted HL-60 differentiation degree by the weighted average characterization factor. This factor is related to the single cell biophysical property, which accumulates to generate differences in each population with distinct constitutions. Furthermore, cichoric acid was investigated to be capable of promoting DMSO-induced differentiation efficiently. Using the change induced by cichoric acid, the HL-60 medicine screening application has been first attempted based on DEP. A rapid, label-free medicine screening method has been established to monitor HL-60 differentiation toward granulocyte and has great potential for medicine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yameng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmaceutical, Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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3
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Meng Z, Raji H, Tayyab M, Javanmard M. Cell phone microscopy enabled low-cost manufacturable colorimetric urine glucose test. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:43. [PMID: 37930426 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose serves as a pivotal biomarker crucial for the monitoring and diagnosis of a spectrum of medical conditions, encompassing hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and diabetes, all of which may precipitate severe clinical manifestations in individuals. As a result, there is a growing demand within the medical domain for the development of rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly diagnostic tools. In this research article, we introduce an innovative glucose sensor that relies on microfluidic devices meticulously crafted from disposable, medical-grade tapes. These devices incorporate glucose urine analysis strips securely affixed to microscope glass slides. The microfluidic channels are intricately created through laser cutting, representing a departure from traditional cleanroom techniques. This approach streamlines production processes, enhances cost-efficiency, and obviates the need for specialized equipment. Subsequent to the absorption of the target solution, the disposable device is enclosed within a 3D-printed housing. Image capture is seamlessly facilitated through the use of a smartphone camera for subsequent colorimetric analysis. Our study adeptly demonstrates the glucose sensor's capability to accurately quantify glucose concentrations within sucrose solutions. This is achieved by employing an exponential regression model, elucidating the intricate relationship between glucose concentrations and average RGB (Red-Green-Blue) values. Furthermore, our comprehensive analysis reveals minimal variation in sensor performance across different instances. Significantly, this study underscores the potential adaptability and versatility of our solution for a wide array of assay types and smartphone-based sensor systems, making it particularly promising for deployment in resource-constrained settings and undeveloped countries. The robust correlation established between glucose concentrations and average RGB values, substantiated by an impressive R-square value of 0.98709, underscores the effectiveness and reliability of our pioneering approach within the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Meng
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hassan Raji
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey, USA.
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4
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Luo T, Liu S, Zhou R, Zhang C, Chen D, Zhan Y, Hu Q, He X, Xie Y, Huan Z, Gao W, Li R, Yuan G, Wang Y, Zhou W. Contactless acoustic tweezer for droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3989-4001. [PMID: 37565337 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces (DMSS) without conventional pipetting is an emerging liquid handling technology, which can be potentially used for diagnostic, analysis, and synthetic processes. Despite notable progress, controlling droplet motion on superhydrophobic surfaces by contactless acoustic waves is rarely reported. Herein, we report a contactless acoustic tweezer (CAT) for DMSS based on establishing ultrasonic standing wave between an ultrasound transducer (UST) and a superhydrophobic substrate to manipulate droplets without physical contact. The CAT utilizes acoustic radiation forces to trap and move droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces, which allows for precise and controllable movement of droplets by controlling the movement of the UST. Small droplets with volume less than 20 μL can be levitated in mid-air for out-plane manipulation, and large droplets with volume up to 500 μL can be trapped for in-plane manipulation. Experimental results demonstrate the versatility of the CAT for manipulating droplets with various compositions and volumes on various superhydrophobic substrates, offering a versatile and cross-contamination-free liquid handling approach for applications, including but not limited to high-throughput surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sirui Liu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yi Zhan
- AECC Gui Zhou Liyang Aviation Power Co., Ltd., Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qilin Hu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xi He
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhijie Huan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Wendi Gao
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, P.R. China
| | - Gongfa Yuan
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yancheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Tang T, Julian T, Ma D, Yang Y, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. A review on intelligent impedance cytometry systems: Development, applications and advances. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1269:341424. [PMID: 37290859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impedance cytometry is a well-established technique for counting and analyzing single cells, with several advantages, such as convenience, high throughput, and no labeling required. A typical experiment consists of the following steps: single-cell measurement, signal processing, data calibration, and particle subtype identification. At the beginning of this article, we compared commercial and self-developed options extensively and provided references for developing reliable detection systems, which are necessary for cell measurement. Then, a number of typical impedance metrics and their relationships to biophysical properties of cells were analyzed with respect to the impedance signal analysis. Given the rapid advances of intelligent impedance cytometry in the past decade, this article also discussed the development of representative machine learning-based approaches and systems, and their applications in data calibration and particle identification. Finally, the remaining challenges facing the field were summarized, and potential future directions for each step of impedance detection were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Trisna Julian
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Doudou Ma
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan; Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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6
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Zhang J, Wu J, Chen C, He G, Liu W, Xu S, Gu H, Wang Y, Xu H. A micro-chamber free digital bio-detection for multiplexed and ultrasensitive immunoassay based on encoded magnetic microbeads and tyramide signal amplification strategy. Talanta 2023; 262:124685. [PMID: 37220690 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Digital bio-detection has become one of the most appealing methods in recent years due to its excellent performance with ultra-sensitivity in detection of low-abundance targets. Traditional digital bio-detection needs the utilization of micro-chambers for physical isolation of targets, while the recently developed beads-based micro-chamber free one is attracting extensive attention, although there exist the disadvantages of overlaps between positive ("1") and negative ("0") signals as well as the decreased detection sensitivity in multiplexed mode. Here we propose a feasible and robust micro-chamber free digital bio-detection for multiplexed and ultrasensitive immunoassay based on encoded magnetic microbeads (EMMs) and tyramide signal amplification (TSA) strategy. An EMMs-based multiplexed platform is constructed by using a fluorescent encoding method, then a puissant signal amplification of positive events in TSA procedure is achieved via systematical revelation of key factors influences. For proof of concept, a three-plexed tumor markers detection is performed to evaluate our established platform. The detection sensitivity is comparable to the corresponding single-plexed assays and is also approximately 30-15,000 times improvement compared to the conventional suspension chip. Therefore, this multiplexed micro-chamber free digital bio-detection paves a promising way to be an ultrasensitive and powerful tool for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiancong Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cang Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guoqing He
- Hangzhou Joinstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hangzhou Joinstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Sitong Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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7
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Lin Z, Sui J, Javanmard M. A two-minute assay for electronic quantification of antibodies in saliva enabled through a reusable microfluidic multi-frequency impedance cytometer and machine learning analysis. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:13. [PMID: 36933063 PMCID: PMC10024011 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has always been appealing due to the ability for rapid and non-invasive sampling for monitoring health status and the onset and progression of disease and treatment progress. Saliva is rich in protein biomarkers and provides a wealth of information for diagnosis and prognosis of various disease conditions. Portable electronic tools which rapidly monitor protein biomarkers would facilitate point-of-care diagnosis and monitoring of various health conditions. For example, the detection of antibodies in saliva can enable rapid diagnosis and tracking disease pathogenesis of various auto-immune diseases like sepsis. Here, we present a novel method involving immuno-capture of proteins on antibody coated beads and electrical detection of dielectric properties of the beads. The changes in electrical properties of a bead when capturing proteins are extremely complex and difficult to model physically in an accurate manner. The ability to measure impedance of thousands of beads at multiple frequencies, however, allows for a data-driven approach for protein quantification. By moving from a physics driven approach to a data driven approach, we have developed, for the first time ever to the best of our knowledge, an electronic assay using a reusable microfluidic impedance cytometer chip in conjunction with supervised machine learning to quantifying immunoglobulins G (IgG) and immunoglobulins A (IgA) in saliva within two minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University New Brunswick, 94 Brett Rd, NJ, 08854, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Jianye Sui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University New Brunswick, 94 Brett Rd, NJ, 08854, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University New Brunswick, 94 Brett Rd, NJ, 08854, New Brunswick, USA.
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8
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Kokabi M, Sui J, Gandotra N, Pournadali Khamseh A, Scharfe C, Javanmard M. Nucleic Acid Quantification by Multi-Frequency Impedance Cytometry and Machine Learning. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13030316. [PMID: 36979528 PMCID: PMC10046493 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Determining nucleic acid concentrations in a sample is an important step prior to proceeding with downstream analysis in molecular diagnostics. Given the need for testing DNA amounts and its purity in many samples, including in samples with very small input DNA, there is utility of novel machine learning approaches for accurate and high-throughput DNA quantification. Here, we demonstrated the ability of a neural network to predict DNA amounts coupled to paramagnetic beads. To this end, a custom-made microfluidic chip is applied to detect DNA molecules bound to beads by measuring the impedance peak response (IPR) at multiple frequencies. We leveraged electrical measurements including the frequency and imaginary and real parts of the peak intensity within a microfluidic channel as the input of deep learning models to predict DNA concentration. Specifically, 10 different deep learning architectures are examined. The results of the proposed regression model indicate that an R_Squared of 97% with a slope of 0.68 is achievable. Consequently, machine learning models can be a suitable, fast, and accurate method to measure nucleic acid concentration in a sample. The results presented in this study demonstrate the ability of the proposed neural network to use the information embedded in raw impedance data to predict the amount of DNA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Kokabi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jianye Sui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Neeru Gandotra
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Curt Scharfe
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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9
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Recent advances in non-optical microfluidic platforms for bioparticle detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114944. [PMID: 36470061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effective analysis of the basic structure and functional information of bioparticles are of great significance for the early diagnosis of diseases. The synergism between microfluidics and particle manipulation/detection technologies offers enhanced system integration capability and test accuracy for the detection of various bioparticles. Most microfluidic detection platforms are based on optical strategies such as fluorescence, absorbance, and image recognition. Although optical microfluidic platforms have proven their capabilities in the practical clinical detection of bioparticles, shortcomings such as expensive components and whole bulky devices have limited their practicality in the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) systems to be used in remote and underdeveloped areas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective non-optical microfluidic platforms for bioparticle detection that can act as alternatives to optical counterparts. In this review, we first briefly summarise passive and active methods for bioparticle manipulation in microfluidics. Then, we survey the latest progress in non-optical microfluidic strategies based on electrical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques for bioparticle detection. Finally, a perspective is offered, clarifying challenges faced by current non-optical platforms in developing practical POCT devices and clinical applications.
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10
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Magaud P, Liu Y, Zeng F, Yang J, Baldas L, Song Y. Nanocatalysis meets microfluidics: A powerful platform for sensitive bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Tayyab M, Xie P, Sami MA, Raji H, Lin Z, Meng Z, Mahmoodi SR, Javanmard M. A portable analog front-end system for label-free sensing of proteins using nanowell array impedance sensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20119. [PMID: 36418852 PMCID: PMC9684124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are useful biomarkers for a wide range of applications such as cancer detection, discovery of vaccines, and determining exposure to viruses and pathogens. Here, we present a low-noise front-end analog circuit interface towards development of a portable readout system for the label-free sensing of proteins using Nanowell array impedance sensing with a form factor of approximately 35cm2. The electronic interface consists of a low-noise lock-in amplifier enabling reliable detection of changes in impedance as low as 0.1% and thus detection of proteins down to the picoMolar level. The sensitivity of our system is comparable to that of a commercial bench-top impedance spectroscope when using the same sensors. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the potential of using impedance sensing as a portable, low-cost, and reliable method of detecting proteins, thus inching us closer to a Point-of-Care (POC) personalized health monitoring system. We have demonstrated the utility of our system to detect antibodies at various concentrations and protein (45 pM IL-6) in PBS, however, our system has the capability to be used for assaying various biomarkers including proteins, cytokines, virus molecules and antibodies in a portable setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Pengfei Xie
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Sami
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Hassan Raji
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Zhongtian Lin
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Zhuolun Meng
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Seyed Reza Mahmoodi
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
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12
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Khosla NK, Lesinski JM, Colombo M, Bezinge L, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Simplifying the complex: accessible microfluidic solutions for contemporary processes within in vitro diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3340-3360. [PMID: 35984715 PMCID: PMC9469643 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) form the cornerstone of modern medicine. They are routinely employed throughout the entire treatment pathway, from initial diagnosis through to prognosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment surveillance. Given the proven links between high quality diagnostic testing and overall health, ensuring broad access to IVDs has long been a focus of both researchers and medical professionals. Unfortunately, the current diagnostic paradigm relies heavily on centralized laboratories, complex and expensive equipment, and highly trained personnel. It is commonly assumed that this level of complexity is required to achieve the performance necessary for sensitive and specific disease diagnosis, and that making something affordable and accessible entails significant compromises in test performance. However, recent work in the field of microfluidics is challenging this notion. By exploiting the unique features of microfluidic systems, researchers have been able to create progressively simple devices that can perform increasingly complex diagnostic assays. This review details how microfluidic technologies are disrupting the status quo, and facilitating the development of simple, affordable, and accessible integrated IVDs. Importantly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various approaches, and highlight the remaining challenges within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Khosla
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Jake M Lesinski
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Colombo
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
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13
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Curtin K, Fike BJ, Binkley B, Godary T, Li P. Recent Advances in Digital Biosensing Technology. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090673. [PMID: 36140058 PMCID: PMC9496261 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Digital biosensing assays demonstrate remarkable advantages over conventional biosensing systems because of their ability to achieve single-molecule detection and absolute quantification. Unlike traditional low-abundance biomarking screening, digital-based biosensing systems reduce sample volumes significantly to the fL-nL level, which vastly reduces overall reagent consumption, improves reaction time and throughput, and enables high sensitivity and single target detection. This review presents the current technology for compartmentalizing reactions and their applications in detecting proteins and nucleic acids. We also analyze existing challenges and future opportunities associated with digital biosensing and research opportunities for developing integrated digital biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bethany J. Fike
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brandi Binkley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Toktam Godary
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence:
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Farooq A, Hayat F, Zafar S, Butt NZ. Thin flexible lab-on-a-film for impedimetric sensing in biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1066. [PMID: 35058505 PMCID: PMC8776742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMicrofluidic cytometers based on coulter principle have recently shown a great potential for point of care biosensors for medical diagnostics. Here, we explore the design of an impedimetric microfluidic cytometer on flexible substrate. Two coplanar microfluidic geometries are compared to highlight the sensitivity of the device to the microelectrode positions relative to the detection volume. We show that the microelectrodes surface area and the geometry of the sensing volume for the cells strongly influence the output response of the sensor. Reducing the sensing volume decreases the pulse width but increases the overall pulse amplitude with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (~ max. SNR = 38.78 dB). For the proposed design, the SNR was adequate to enable good detection and differentiation of 10 µm diameter polystyrene beads and leukemia cells (~ 6–21 µm). Also, a systematic approach for irreversible & strong bond strength between the thin flexible surfaces that make up the biochip is explored in this work. We observed the changes in surface wettability due to various methods of surface treatment can be a valuable metric for determining bond strength. We observed permanent bonding between microelectrode defined polypropylene surface and microchannel carved PDMS due to polar/silanol groups formed by plasma treatment and consequent covalent crosslinking by amine groups. These experimental insights provide valuable design guidelines for enhancing the sensitivity of coulter based flexible lab-on-a-chip devices which have a wide range of applications in point of care diagnostics.
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Konoplev G, Agafonova D, Bakhchova L, Mukhin N, Kurachkina M, Schmidt MP, Verlov N, Sidorov A, Oseev A, Stepanova O, Kozyrev A, Dmitriev A, Hirsch S. Label-Free Physical Techniques and Methodologies for Proteins Detection in Microfluidic Biosensor Structures. Biomedicines 2022; 10:207. [PMID: 35203416 PMCID: PMC8868674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins in biological fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) are important biomarkers of various pathological conditions. Protein biomarkers detection and quantification have been proven to be an indispensable diagnostic tool in clinical practice. There is a growing tendency towards using portable diagnostic biosensor devices for point-of-care (POC) analysis based on microfluidic technology as an alternative to conventional laboratory protein assays. In contrast to universally accepted analytical methods involving protein labeling, label-free approaches often allow the development of biosensors with minimal requirements for sample preparation by omitting expensive labelling reagents. The aim of the present work is to review the variety of physical label-free techniques of protein detection and characterization which are suitable for application in micro-fluidic structures and analyze the technological and material aspects of label-free biosensors that implement these methods. The most widely used optical and impedance spectroscopy techniques: absorption, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, Raman scattering, and interferometry, as well as new trends in photonics are reviewed. The challenges of materials selection, surfaces tailoring in microfluidic structures, and enhancement of the sensitivity and miniaturization of biosensor systems are discussed. The review provides an overview for current advances and future trends in microfluidics integrated technologies for label-free protein biomarkers detection and discusses existing challenges and a way towards novel solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Konoplev
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Darina Agafonova
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Liubov Bakhchova
- Institute for Automation Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Mukhin
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marharyta Kurachkina
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marc-Peter Schmidt
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Verlov
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
| | - Alexander Sidorov
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Fuculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Oseev
- FEMTO-ST Institute, CNRS UMR-6174, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Oksana Stepanova
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrey Kozyrev
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Dmitriev
- Department of Ecological Physiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine” (FSBSI “IEM”), 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Soeren Hirsch
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
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Wu H, Saito Y, Yoshizaki G, Yoshiura Y, Ohnuki H, Endo H. Study on the development of carbon nanotube enhanced biosensor for gender determination of fish. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Zhu C, Maldonado J, Sengupta K. CMOS-Based Electrokinetic Microfluidics With Multi-Modal Cellular and Bio-Molecular Sensing for End-to-End Point-of-Care System. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021; 15:1250-1267. [PMID: 34914597 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2021.3136165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The importance of point-of-care (POC) bio-molecular diagnostics capable of rapid analysis has become abundantly evident after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. While sensing interfaces for both protein and nucleic-acid based assays have been demonstrated with chip-scale systems, sample preparation in compact form factor has often been a major bottleneck in enabling end-to-end POC diagnostics. Miniaturization of an end-to-end system requires addressing the front-end sample processing, without which, the goal for low-cost POC diagnostics remain elusive. In this paper, we address bulk fluid processing with AC-osmotic based electrokinetic fluid flows that can be fully controlled, processed and automated by CMOS ICs, fabricated in TSMC 65 nm LP process. Here, we combine bulk fluid flow control with bio-molecular sensing, cell manipulation, cytometry, and separation-all of which are controlled with silicon chips for an all-in-one bio-sensing device. We show CMOS controlled pneumatic-free bulk fluid flow with fluid velocities reaching up to 160 μm/s within a microfluidic channel of 100 × 50 μm 2 of cross-sectional area. We incorporate electrode arrays to allow precise control and focused cell flows ( ±2 μm precision) for robust cytometry, and for subsequent separation. We also incorporate a 16-element impedance spectroscopy receiver array for cell and label-free protein sensing. The massive scalability of CMOS-driven microfluidics, manipulation, and sensing can lead to a new design space and a new class of miniaturized sensing technologies.
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Bhar B, Chouhan D, Pai N, Mandal BB. Harnessing Multifaceted Next-Generation Technologies for Improved Skin Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7738-7763. [PMID: 35006758 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of sequential and synchronized events of skin regeneration often results in the impairment of chronic wounds. Conventional wound dressings fail to trigger the normal healing mechanism owing to the pathophysiological conditions. Tissue engineering approaches that deal with the fabrication of dressings using various biomaterials, growth factors, and stem cells have shown accelerated healing outcomes. However, most of these technologies are associated with difficulties in scalability and cost-effectiveness of the products. In this review, we survey the latest developments in wound healing strategies that have recently emerged through the multidisciplinary approaches of bioengineering, nanotechnology, 3D bioprinting, and similar cutting-edge technologies to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. We also focus on the potential of wearable technology that supports complete monitoring of the changes occurring in the wound microenvironment. In addition, we review the role of advanced devices that can precisely enable the delivery of nanotherapeutics, oligonucleotides, and external stimuli in a controlled manner. These technological advancements offer the opportunity to actively influence the regeneration process to benefit the treatment regime further. Finally, the clinical relevance, trajectory, and prospects of this field have been discussed in brief that highlights their potential in providing a beneficial wound care solution at an affordable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibrita Bhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nakhul Pai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,School of Health Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Ashley BK, Hassan U. Time-domain signal averaging to improve microparticles detection and enumeration accuracy in a microfluidic impedance cytometer. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4428-4440. [PMID: 34370302 PMCID: PMC8589102 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic impedance cytometry is a powerful system to measure micro and nano-sized particles and is routinely used in point-of-care disease diagnostics and other biomedical applications. However, small objects near a sensor's detection limit are plagued with relatively significant background noise and are difficult to identify for every case. While many data processing techniques can be utilized to reduce noise and improve signal quality, frequently they are still inadequate to push sensor detection limits. Here, we report the first demonstration of a novel signal averaging algorithm effective in noise reduction of microfluidic impedance cytometry data, improving enumeration accuracy, and reducing detection limits. Our device uses a 22 µm tall × 100 µm wide (with 30 µm wide focused aperture) microchannel and gold coplanar microelectrodes that generate an electric field, recording bipolar pulses from polystyrene microparticles flowing through the channel. In addition to outlining a modified moving signal averaging technique theoretically and with a model data set, we also performed a compendium of characterization experiments including variations in flow rate, input voltage, and particle size. Multivariate metrics from each experiment are compared including signal amplitude, pulse width, background noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Incorporating our technique resulted in improved SNR and counting accuracy across all experiments conducted, and the limit of detection improved from 5 to 1 µm particles without modifying microchannel dimensions. Succeeding this, we envision implementing our modified moving average technique to develop next-generation microfluidic impedance cytometry devices with an expanded dynamic range and improved enumeration accuracy. This can be exceedingly useful for many biomedical applications, such as infectious disease diagnostics where devices may enumerate larger-scale immune cells alongside sub-micron bacterium in the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K. Ashley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Umer Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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20
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Ashley BK, Hassan U. Point-of-critical-care diagnostics for sepsis enabled by multiplexed micro and nanosensing technologies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1701. [PMID: 33650293 PMCID: PMC8447248 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is responsible for the highest economic and mortality burden in critical care settings around the world, prompting the World Health Organization in 2018 to designate it as a global health priority. Despite its high universal prevalence and mortality rate, a disproportionately low amount of sponsored research funding is directed toward diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, when early treatment has been shown to significantly improve survival. Additionally, current technologies and methods are inadequate to provide an accurate and timely diagnosis of septic patients in multiple clinical environments. For improved patient outcomes, a comprehensive immunological evaluation is critical which is comprised of both traditional testing and quantifying recently proposed biomarkers for sepsis. There is an urgent need to develop novel point-of-care, low-cost systems which can accurately stratify patients. These point-of-critical-care sensors should adopt a multiplexed approach utilizing multimodal sensing for heterogenous biomarker detection. For effective multiplexing, the sensors must satisfy criteria including rapid sample to result delivery, low sample volumes for clinical sample sparring, and reduced costs per test. A compendium of currently developed multiplexed micro and nano (M/N)-based diagnostic technologies for potential applications toward sepsis are presented. We have also explored the various biomarkers targeted for sepsis including immune cell morphology changes, circulating proteins, small molecules, and presence of infectious pathogens. An overview of different M/N detection mechanisms are also provided, along with recent advances in related nanotechnologies which have shown improved patient outcomes and perspectives on what future successful technologies may encompass. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K. Ashley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Umer Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey. Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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21
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Biochip with multi-planar electrodes geometry for differentiation of non-spherical bioparticles in a microchannel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11880. [PMID: 34088942 PMCID: PMC8178319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A biosensor capable of differentiating cells or other microparticles based on morphology finds significant biomedical applications. Examples may include morphological determination in the cellular division process, differentiation of bacterial cells, and cellular morphological variation in inflammation and cancer etc. Here, we present a novel integrated multi-planar microelectrodes geometry design that can distinguish a non-spherical individual particle flowing along a microchannel based on its electrical signature. We simulated multi-planar electrodes design in COMSOL Multiphysics and have shown that the changes in electrical field intensity corresponding to multiple particle morphologies can be distinguished. Our initial investigation has shown that top-bottom electrodes configuration produces significantly enhanced signal strength for a spherical particle as compared to co-planar configuration. Next, we integrated the co-planar and top-bottom configurations to develop a multi-planar microelectrode design capable of electrical impedance measurement at different spatial planes inside a microchannel by collecting multiple output signatures. We tested our integrated multi-planar electrode design with particles of different elliptical morphologies by gradually changing spherical particle dimensions to the non-spherical. The computed electrical signal ratio of non-spherical to spherical particle shows a very good correlation to predict the particle morphology. The biochip sensitivity is also found be independent of orientation of the particle flowing in the microchannel. Our integrated design will help develop the technology that will allow morphological analysis of various bioparticles in a microfluidic channel in the future.
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22
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Multi-frequency impedance sensing for detection and sizing of DNA fragments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6490. [PMID: 33753781 PMCID: PMC7985362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic biosensors for DNA detection typically utilize immobilized oligonucleotide probes on a signal transducer, which outputs an electronic signal when target molecules bind to probes. However, limitation in probe selectivity and variable levels of non-target material in complex biological samples can lead to nonspecific binding and reduced sensitivity. Here we introduce the integration of 2.8 μm paramagnetic beads with DNA fragments. We apply a custom-made microfluidic chip to detect DNA molecules bound to beads by measuring Impedance Peak Response (IPR) at multiple frequencies. Technical and analytical performance was evaluated using beads containing purified Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products of different lengths (157, 300, 613 bp) with DNA concentration ranging from 0.039 amol to 7.8 fmol. Multi-frequency IPR correlated positively with DNA amounts and was used to calculate a DNA quantification score. The minimum DNA amount of a 300 bp fragment coupled on beads that could be robustly detected was 0.0039 fmol (1.54 fg or 4750 copies/bead). Additionally, our approach allowed distinguishing beads with similar molar concentration DNA fragments of different lengths. Using this impedance sensor, purified PCR products could be analyzed within ten minutes to determine DNA fragment length and quantity based on comparison to a known DNA standard.
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Abstract
Over the past decades, microfluidic devices based on many advanced techniques have aroused widespread attention in the fields of chemical, biological, and analytical applications. Integration of microdevices with a variety of chip designs will facilitate promising functionality. Notably, the combination of microfluidics with functional nanomaterials may provide creative ideas to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of various biospecies. In this review, focused on the microfluids and microdevices in terms of their fabrication, integration, and functions, we summarize the up-to-date developments in microfluidics-based analysis of biospecies, where biomarkers, small molecules, cells, and pathogens as representative biospecies have been explored in-depth. The promising applications of microfluidic biosensors including clinical diagnosis, food safety control, and environmental monitoring are also discussed. This review aims to highlight the importance of microfluidics-based biosensors in achieving high throughput, highly sensitive, and low-cost analysis and to promote microfluidics toward a wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Linlu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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Development of Gold Nanoparticle Micropatterns for the Electrical Detection of Proteins. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020528. [PMID: 33669510 PMCID: PMC7922899 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein analysis can be used to efficiently detect the early stages of various diseases. However, conventional protein detection platforms require expensive or complex equipment, which has been a major obstacle to their widespread application. In addition, uncertain signals from non-specific adhesion interfere with the precise interpretation of the results. To overcome these problems, the development of a technique that can detect the proteins in a simple method is needed. In this study, a platform composed of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was fabricated through a simple imprinting method for protein detection. The corrugated surface naturally formed by the nanoparticle assemblies simultaneously increases the efficiency of adhesion and binding with analytes and reduces undesired interactions. After forming the GNP micropatterns, post-functionalization with both cationic and neutral ligands was performed on the surface to manipulate their electrostatic interaction with proteins. Upon protein binding, the change in the electrical values of the micropatterns was recorded by using a resistance meter. The resistance of the positively charged micropatterns was found to increase due to the electrostatic interaction with proteins, while no significant change in resistance was observed for the neutral micropatterns after immersion in a protein solution. Additionally, the selective adsorption of fluorescent proteins onto the micropatterns was captured using confocal microscopy. These simply imprinted GNP micropatterns are sensitive platforms that can detect various analytes by measuring the electrical resistance with portable equipment.
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Tayyab M, Sami MA, Raji H, Mushnoori S, Javanmard M. Potential Microfluidic Devices for COVID-19 Antibody Detection at Point-of-Care (POC): A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:4007-4017. [PMID: 37974932 PMCID: PMC8768978 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2020.3034892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic which has brought the world economy and the society to a standstill. The current emphasis of testing is on detection of genetic material of SARS-CoV-2. Such tests are useful for assessing the current state of a subject: Infected or not infected. In addition to such tests, antibody testing is necessary to stratify the population into three groups: never exposed, infected, and immune. Such a stratification is necessary for safely reopening the society and remobilizing the economy. The aim of this review article is to inform the audience of the current diagnostic and surveillance technologies that are being employed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies along with their shortcomings, and to highlight microfluidic sensors and devices that show promise of being commercialized for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in low-resource and Point-of-Care (POC) settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Sami
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Hassan Raji
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Srinivas Mushnoori
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
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Fan H, Wang J, Feng Q, Hu Q, Zuo S, Nabaei V, Heidari H. Detection techniques of biological and chemical Hall sensors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7257-7270. [PMID: 35423263 PMCID: PMC8695063 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated magnetic Hall effect sensors have been widely used in people's daily life over the past decades, and still are gaining enormous attention from researchers to establish novel applications, especially in biochemistry and biomedical healthcare. This paper reviews, classifies, compares and concludes state-of-the-art integrated Hall magnetic sensors in terms of cost, power, area, performance and application. Current applications of the Hall sensors such as detecting magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) labeled on biomolecule, monitoring blood pulse wave velocity, characterizing soft biological materials, controlling syringe injection rate and eye surgery by training systems, and assisting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be discussed comprehensively and future applications and trends will be highlighted. This review paper will introduce Hall sensor's advantages such as simple design and technology of manufacturing, low cost, low power consumption, possibility of the miniaturizing, noninvasive and room temperature measurement, with respect to the other magnetic sensing systems and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Jiangming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | | | | | - Siming Zuo
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Vahid Nabaei
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Hadi Heidari
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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27
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Joshi K, Velasco V, Esfandyarpour R. A Low-Cost, Disposable and Portable Inkjet-Printed Biochip for the Developing World. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123593. [PMID: 32630509 PMCID: PMC7348740 DOI: 10.3390/s20123593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrowetting on dielectric-based digital microfluidic platforms (EWOD-DMF) have a potential to impact point-of-care diagnostics. Conventionally, EWOD-DMF platforms are manufactured in cleanrooms by expert technicians using costly and time consuming micro-nanofabrication processes such as optical lithography, depositions and etching. However, such high-end microfabrication facilities are extremely challenging to establish in resource-poor and low-income countries, due to their high capital investment and operating costs. This makes the fabrication of EWOD-DMF platforms extremely challenging in low-income countries, where such platforms are most needed for many applications such as point-of-care testing applications. To address this challenge, we present a low-cost and simple fabrication procedure for EWOD-DMF electrode arrays, which can be performed anywhere with a commercial office inkjet printer without the need of expensive cleanroom facilities. We demonstrate the utility of our platform to move and mix droplets of different reagents and physiologically conductive buffers, thereby showing its capability to potentially perform a variety of biochemical assays. By combining our low-cost, inkjet-printed EWOD-DMF platform with smartphone imaging technology and a compact control system for droplet manipulation, we also demonstrate a portable and hand-held device which can be programmed to potentially perform a variety of biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Vanessa Velasco
- Biochemistry Department, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Rahim Esfandyarpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence:
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28
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Berger J, Valera E, Jankelow A, Garcia C, Akhand M, Heredia J, Ghonge T, Liu C, Font-Bartumeus V, Oshana G, Tiao J, Bashir R. Simultaneous electrical detection of IL-6 and PCT using a microfluidic biochip platform. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:36. [PMID: 32419087 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response, leads the U.S in both mortality rate and cost of treatment. Sepsis treatment protocols currently rely on broad and non-specific parameters like heart and respiration rate, and temperature; however, studies show that biomarkers Interlukin-6 (IL-6) and Procalcitonin (PCT) correlate to sepsis progression and response to treatment. Prior work also suggests that using multi-parameter predictive analytics with biomarkers and clinical information can inform treatment to improve outcome. A point-of-care (POC) platform that provides information for multiple biomarkers can aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of potentially septic patients. Using impedance cytometry, microbead immunoassays, and biotin-streptavidin binding, we report a microfluidic POC system that correlates microbead capture to IL-6 and PCT concentrations. A multiplexed microbead immunoassay is developed and validated for simultaneous detection of both IL-6 and PCT from human plasma samples. Using the POC platform, we quantified plasma samples containing healthy, medium (~103pg/ml) and high (~105pg/ml) IL-6 and PCT concentrations with various levels of significance (P < 0.05-P < 0.00001) and validated the concept of this device as a POC platform for sepsis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Berger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Enrique Valera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aaron Jankelow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Carlos Garcia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Manik Akhand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John Heredia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tanmay Ghonge
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Victor Font-Bartumeus
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Gina Oshana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin Tiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, MC 278, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Carle Illinois College of Medicine, 807 South Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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29
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Yagati AK, Go A, Vu NH, Lee MH. A MoS2–Au nanoparticle-modified immunosensor for T3 biomarker detection in clinical serum samples. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Rapid Assessment of Surface Markers on Cancer Cells Using Immuno-Magnetic Separation and Multi-frequency Impedance Cytometry for Targeted Therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3015. [PMID: 32080205 PMCID: PMC7033175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid qualitative assessment of surface markers on cancer cells can allow for point-of-care prediction of patient response to various cancer drugs. Preclinical studies targeting cells with an antibody to "activated" matriptase conjugated to a potent toxin show promise as a selective treatment for a variety of solid tumors. In this paper, we implemented a novel technique for electrical detection of proteins on surfaces of cancer cells using multi-frequency microfluidic impedance cytometry. The biosensor, consists of two gold microelectrodes on a glass substrate embedded in a PDMS microfluidic channel, is used in conjugation with immuno-magnetic separation of cancer cells, and is capable of differentiating between bare magnetic beads, cancer cells and bead-cell aggregates based on their various impedance and frequency responses. We demonstrated proof-of-concept based on detection of "activated" matriptase proteins on the surface of cultured Mantle cells.
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31
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Sui J, Xie P, Lin Z, Javanmard M. Electronic classification of barcoded particles for multiplexed detection using supervised machine learning analysis. Talanta 2020; 215:120791. [PMID: 32312428 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors are of great interest in recent years due to their potential in health related applications. Multiplex biomarker analysis is needed in wearable devices to improve the sensitivity and reliability. Electronic barcoding of micro-particles has the possibility to enable multiplexed biomarker analysis. Compared with traditional optical and plasmonic methods for barcoding, electronically barcoded particles can be classified using ultra-compact electronic readout platforms. Nano-electronic barcoding works by depositing a thin layer of oxide on the top half of a micro-particle. The thickness and dielectric property of the oxide layer can be tuned to modulate the frequency dependent impedance signature of the particles. A one to one correspondence between a target biomarker and each barcoded particle can potentially be established using this technique. The barcoded particles could be tested with wearable devices to enable multiplex analysis for portable point-of-care diagnostics and real-time monitoring. In this work, we fabricated nine barcoded particles by forming oxide layers of different thicknesses and different dielectric materials using atomic layer deposition and assessed the ability to accurately classify particle barcodes using multi-frequency impedance cytometry in conjunction with supervised machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Sui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Pengfei Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zhongtian Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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32
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Momtahen S, Taajobian M, Jahanian A. Drug Discovery Applications: A Customized Digital Microfluidic Biochip Architecture/CAD Flow. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2019.2927773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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33
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Xu B, Guo J, Fu Y, Chen X, Guo J. A review on microfluidics in the detection of food pesticide residues. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:821-832. [PMID: 31525822 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper briefly explains the food safety problems related to pesticide residues and introduces microfluidics technology as a pesticide residue detection method. Three mainstream microfluidic detection devices are detailed: one driven by liquid surface tension, one by motor siphon drive, and one by centrifugal force. The advantages and disadvantages of each are considered in an analysis of future trends in microfluidic technology for pesticide detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbang Xu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Fu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
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34
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Chen H, Li Z, Zhang L, Sawaya P, Shi J, Wang P. Quantitation of Femtomolar-Level Protein Biomarkers Using a Simple Microbubbling Digital Assay and Bright-Field Smartphone Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13922-13928. [PMID: 31344297 PMCID: PMC7211056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitating ultra-low concentrations of protein biomarkers is critical for early disease diagnosis and treatment. However, most current point-of-care (POC) assays are limited in sensitivity. Herein, we introduce an ultra-sensitive and facile microbubbling assay for the quantification of protein biomarkers with a digital-readout method that requires only a smartphone camera. We used machine learning to develop a smartphone application for automated image analysis to facilitate accurate and robust counting. Using this method, post-prostatectomy surveillance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) can be achieved with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.1 fm (0.060 pg mL-1 ), and early pregnancy detection using βhCG can be achieved with a of 0.034 mIU mL-1 (2.84 pg mL-1 ). This work provides the proof-of-principle of the microbubbling assay with a digital readout as an ultra-sensitive technology with minimal requirement for power and accessories, facilitating future POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Philippe Sawaya
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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35
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Chen H, Li Z, Zhang L, Sawaya P, Shi J, Wang P. Quantitation of Femtomolar‐Level Protein Biomarkers Using a Simple Microbubbling Digital Assay and Bright‐Field Smartphone Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Philippe Sawaya
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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36
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Garg N, Boyle D, Randall A, Teng A, Pablo J, Liang X, Camerini D, Lee AP. Rapid immunodiagnostics of multiple viral infections in an acoustic microstreaming device with serum and saliva samples. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1524-1533. [PMID: 30806409 PMCID: PMC6478527 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to screen multiple infections simultaneously rather than diagnosis of one pathogen at a time in order to improve the quality of healthcare while saving initial screening time and reduce costs. This is the first demonstration of a five-step protein array assay for the multiplexed detection of HIV, HPV and HSV antibodies on an integrated microfluidic system. HIV, HPV and HSV reactive antibodies from both serum and saliva were rapidly detected by acoustic streaming-based mixing and pumping to enable an integrated, rapid and simple-to-use multiplexed assay device. We validated this device with 37 serum and saliva samples to verify reactivity of patient antibodies with HIV, HPV and HSV antigens. Our technology can be adapted with different protein microarrays to detect a variety of other infections, thus demonstrating a powerful platform to detect multiple putative protein biomarkers for rapid detection of infectious diseases. This integrated microfluidic protein array platform is the basis of a potent strategy to delay progression of primary infection, reduce the risk of co-infections and prevent onward transmission of infections by point-of-care detection of multiple pathogens in both serum and oral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Garg
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Boyle
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Andy Teng
- Antigen Discovery Incorporated, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Camerini
- Antigen Discovery Incorporated, Irvine, CA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Abraham P. Lee
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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37
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Sedighi A, Krull UJ. Enhanced Immunoassay Using a Rotating Paper Platform for Quantitative Determination of Low Abundance Protein Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5371-5379. [PMID: 30915836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The changing concentrations of circulating protein biomarkers have been correlated with a variety of diseases. Quantitative bioassays capable of sensitive and specific determination of protein biomarkers at low levels can be essential for therapeutic treatments that can improve outcomes for patients. Herein, we describe the investigation of a rotating paper device (RPD) for quantitative determination of targeted proteins at the fM concentration level. The RPD consists of two circular papers each separately supported with a plastic disc. Protein detection is conducted via enhanced immunoassay using amplification in a sequential workflow, which includes a sandwich immunoassay in the upper paper and a signal amplification reaction in the lower paper. The sandwich immunoassay is conducted using biobarcode nanoparticles (BNPs) and results in the release of reporter oligonucleotides from BNPs. These oligonucleotides are transferred to the bottom paper, where they engage in a target recycling methodology that leads to the production of a colorimetric signal. The assay was evaluated for quantitation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine biomarker in serum. A limit of detection of 63 fM and a dynamic range of 200 fM-8 pM was observed for the assay. The specificity of the assay was successfully verified against several common protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | - Ulrich J Krull
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
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38
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Zhong Z, Li Z, Chakrabarty K, Ho TY, Lee CY. Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips: Technology, Design Automation, and Test Techniques. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2019; 13:292-313. [PMID: 30571645 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2886952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) are being increasingly used for DNA sequencing, point-of-care clinical diagnostics, and immunoassays. DMFBs based on a micro-electrode-dot-array (MEDA) architecture have recently been proposed, and fundamental droplet manipulations, e.g., droplet mixing and splitting, have also been experimentally demonstrated on MEDA biochips. There can be thousands of microelectrodes on a single MEDA biochip, and the fine-grained control of nanoliter volumes of biochemical samples and reagents is also enabled by this technology. MEDA biochips offer the benefits of real-time sensitivity, lower cost, easy system integration with CMOS modules, and full automation. This review paper first describes recent design tools for high-level synthesis and optimization of map bioassay protocols on a MEDA biochip. It then presents recent advances in scheduling of fluidic operations, placement of fluidic modules, droplet-size-aware routing, adaptive error recovery, sample preparation, and various testing techniques. With the help of these tools, biochip users can concentrate on the development of nanoscale bioassays, leaving details of chip optimization and implementation to software tools.
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39
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Zhou X, Yang CT, Xu Q, Lou Z, Xu Z, Thierry B, Gu N. Gold Nanoparticle Probe-Assisted Antigen-Counting Chip Using SEM. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6769-6776. [PMID: 30676729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, it remains challenging to count protein-biomarker molecules present in a small droplet of biological samples. Herein, we propose a gold nanoparticle (GNP) probe-assisted sandwich-counting strategy that relies on a GNP probe, an antibody-functionalized chip to "count" antigen molecules using a scanning electron microscope. Both standard carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and two real CEA-related tumor samples (tumor tissues and serum) were assayed to demonstrate the proof-of-concept of the counting strategy. Results show that our method is excellently correlative with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) that is widely used in clinics for antigen or antibody detection and the limit of detection of our enumeration strategy reaches down to 0.045 ng/mL, which is ∼40 times more sensitive than the conventional ELISA. Therefore, our GNP probe-assisted sandwich-counting strategy has the potential to be used for quantification of protein biomarkers at ultralow concentrations in early tumor specimens and detection of target proteins in much diluted concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Chih-Tsung Yang
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, Mawson Lakes Campus , University of South Australia , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Qiaoshu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Zhichao Lou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Zhengfeng Xu
- Center of Medical Genetics , Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029 , China
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, Mawson Lakes Campus , University of South Australia , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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40
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Kurmashev A, Kwon S, Park JK, Kang JH. Vertically sheathing laminar flow-based immunoassay using simultaneous diffusion-driven immune reactions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23791-23796. [PMID: 35530621 PMCID: PMC9069447 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03855h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous infusion of primary and secondary antibodies of different diffusivity into vertical laminar flows enables the improved immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanzhol Kurmashev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Life Sciences
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Life Sciences
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joo H. Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Life Sciences
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
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41
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Ilacas G, Gomez FA. Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Devices (μPADs): Miniaturization and Enzyme Storage Studies. ANAL SCI 2018; 35:379-384. [PMID: 30531127 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design and development of miniaturized microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for biological assays and enzyme storage instruments. Here, a glucose assay utilizing glucose oxidase (GOx), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and potassium iodide (KI) is used as the model system. The efficacy of the miniaturized devices is further examined by assessing the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Two types of μPADs were developed: one, "strip" chips of detection zones of area 0.5, 0.1 cm2 and, two, "grid" chips of detection zone 0.05 cm2. The devices are easily fabricated via a wax printing process whereby lines of wax are deposited onto chromatographic paper and heated to create rows of hydrophobic barriers. The "strip" chips were subjected to three different temperature environments (-20, 0, and 20°C) over 30 days and glucose assays conducted at intermittent times yielding a correlation between corrected average inverse yellow intensity, days, and glucose concentration. Calculated and experimentally derived color intensity values for 1, 4, and 9 mM glucose concentrations after a 7-day storage study showed a good correlation (0.89 - 15.76% error). Both types of μPADs are effective platforms as potential point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices and display minimal enzyme denaturation. μPADs of this size show promise as alternative devices for resource-limited regions and especially those areas where materials and instrumentation are not always available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grenalynn Ilacas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University
| | - Frank A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University
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Pan Q, Yamauchi KA, Herr AE. Controlling Dispersion during Single-Cell Polyacrylamide-Gel Electrophoresis in Open Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13419-13426. [PMID: 30346747 PMCID: PMC6777840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
New tools for measuring protein expression in individual cells complement single-cell genomics and transcriptomics. To characterize a population of individual mammalian cells, hundreds to thousands of microwells are arrayed on a polyacrylamide-gel-coated glass microscope slide. In this "open" fluidic device format, we explore the feasibility of mitigating diffusional losses during lysis and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (PAGE) through spatial control of the pore-size of the gel layer. To reduce in-plane diffusion-driven dilution of each single-cell lysate during in-microwell chemical lysis, we photopattern and characterize microwells with small-pore-size sidewalls ringing the microwell except at the injection region. To reduce out-of-plane-diffusion-driven-dilution-caused signal loss during both lysis and single-cell PAGE, we scrutinize a selectively permeable agarose lid layer. To reduce injection dispersion, we photopattern and study a stacking-gel feature at the head of each <1 mm separation axis. Lastly, we explore a semienclosed device design that reduces the cross-sectional area of the chip, thus reducing Joule-heating-induced dispersion during single-cell PAGE. As a result, we observed a 3-fold increase in separation resolution during a 30 s separation and a >2-fold enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio. We present well-integrated strategies for enhancing overall single-cell-PAGE performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin A. Yamauchi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E. Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Javanmard M. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for diagnosis and monitoring of airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:542-544. [PMID: 30447243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.
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Herrada CA, Kabir MA, Altamirano R, Asghar W. Advances in Diagnostic Methods for Zika Virus Infection. J Med Device 2018; 12:0408021-4080211. [PMID: 30662580 DOI: 10.1115/1.4041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. The severity of the disease, as well as its fast spread over several continents, has urged the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV a global health concern. In consequence, over the past couple of years, there has been a significant effort for the development of ZIKV diagnostic methods, vaccine development, and prevention strategies. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of ZIKV research which includes the outbreaks, genome structure, multiplication and propagation of the virus, and more importantly, the development of serological and molecular detection tools such as Zika IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Zika MAC-ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Additionally, we discuss the limitations of currently available diagnostic methods, the potential of newly developed sensing technologies, and also provide insight into future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Herrada
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Md Alamgir Kabir
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Rommel Altamirano
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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Primiceri E, Chiriacò MS, Notarangelo FM, Crocamo A, Ardissino D, Cereda M, Bramanti AP, Bianchessi MA, Giannelli G, Maruccio G. Key Enabling Technologies for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3607. [PMID: 30355989 PMCID: PMC6263899 DOI: 10.3390/s18113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major trend in biomedical engineering is the development of reliable, self-contained point-of-care (POC) devices for diagnostics and in-field assays. The new generation of such platforms increasingly addresses the clinical and environmental needs. Moreover, they are becoming more and more integrated with everyday objects, such as smartphones, and their spread among unskilled common people, has the power to improve the quality of life, both in the developed world and in low-resource settings. The future success of these tools will depend on the integration of the relevant key enabling technologies on an industrial scale (microfluidics with microelectronics, highly sensitive detection methods and low-cost materials for easy-to-use tools). Here, recent advances and perspectives will be reviewed across the large spectrum of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Crocamo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Cereda
- STMicroelectronics S.r.l., via Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy.
| | | | | | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. De Bellis" Research Hospital, via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Razu ME, Kim J. Digital microfluidics using a differentially polarized interface (DPI) to enhance translational force. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3293-3302. [PMID: 30264074 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00652k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct current (DC)-digital microfluidics (DMF) enables the manipulation of droplets to revolutionize medical diagnostics, environmental assays, and fundamental biology. However, DC-DMF requires high voltages to generate droplet motion, which often breaks dielectric layers at the micro/nano scale, causing electrolysis. To minimize these issues, oil-fillers are commonly used to decrease the voltage requirement by reducing the surface tension of the droplet to the surrounding fluid. However, these oil-fillers increase DC-DMF complexity and decrease versatility. In this study, by adapting a differentially polarized interface (DPI) to generate an effective electromechanical force, the voltage required to manipulate a droplet was reduced from 600 V to 85 V without an oil-filler or special dielectric materials. By analyzing the temporal profiles of the contact angles during droplet motion under this DPI condition, this study, for the first time, distinguished the contributions of electrowetting and electromechanical forces to the translational movement of droplets. Dominant contribution of electrowetting is observed at the initial stage of the droplet translation with 52.8% reduction in the advancing contact angle and 20% reduction in the receding contact angle. However, after saturation in the temporal change of the contact angle, the effect of electrowetting contribution gradually decreases and electromechanical forces predominate. DPI-based digital microfluidics reduces the overall cost and complexity of stand-alone DC-DMF platforms, enabling filler-less and low-voltage applications for manipulating a wide range of liquid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Enayet Razu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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Furniturewalla A, Chan M, Sui J, Ahuja K, Javanmard M. Fully integrated wearable impedance cytometry platform on flexible circuit board with online smartphone readout. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2018; 4:20. [PMID: 31057908 PMCID: PMC6220260 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-018-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a wearable microfluidic impedance cytometer implemented on a flexible circuit wristband with on-line smartphone readout for portable biomarker counting and analysis. The platform contains a standard polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel integrated on a wristband, and the circuitry on the wristband is composed of a custom analog lock-in amplification system, a microcontroller with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a Bluetooth module wirelessly paired with a smartphone. The lock-in amplification (LIA) system is implemented with a novel architecture which consists of the lock-in amplifier followed by a high-pass filter stage with DC offset subtraction, and a post-subtraction high gain stage enabling detection of particles as small as 2.8 μm using the 8-bit ADC. The Android smartphone application was used to initiate the system and for offline data-plotting and peak counting, and supports online data readout, analysis, and file management. The data is exportable to researchers and medical professionals for in-depth analysis and remote health monitoring. The system, including the microfluidic sensor, microcontroller, and Bluetooth module all fit on the wristband with a footprint of less than 80 cm2. We demonstrate the ability of the system to obtain generalized blood cell counts; however the system can be applied to a wide variety of biomarkers by interchanging the standard microfluidic channel with microfluidic channels designed for biomarker isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Furniturewalla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Matthew Chan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Jianye Sui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Karan Ahuja
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
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Zhao X, Sadhu V, Le T, Pompili D, Javanmard M. Toward Wireless Health Monitoring via an Analog Signal Compression-Based Biosensing Platform. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2018; 12:461-470. [PMID: 29877811 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2829512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wireless all-analog biosensor design for the concurrent microfluidic and physiological signal monitoring is presented in this paper. The key component is an all-analog circuit capable of compressing two analog sources into one analog signal by the analog joint source-channel coding (AJSCC). Two circuit designs are discussed, including the stacked-voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS) design with the fixed number of levels, and an improved design, which supports a flexible number of AJSCC levels. Experimental results are presented on the wireless biosensor prototype, composed of printed circuit board realizations of the stacked-VCVS design. Furthermore, circuit simulation and wireless link simulation results are presented on the improved design. Results indicate that the proposed wireless biosensor is well suited for sensing two biological signals simultaneously with high accuracy, and can be applied to a wide variety of low-power and low-cost wireless continuous health monitoring applications.
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Valera E, Berger J, Hassan U, Ghonge T, Liu J, Rappleye M, Winter J, Abboud D, Haidry Z, Healey R, Hung NT, Leung N, Mansury N, Hasnain A, Lannon C, Price Z, White K, Bashir R. A microfluidic biochip platform for electrical quantification of proteins. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1461-1470. [PMID: 29664086 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00033f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, an adverse auto-immune response to an infection often causing life-threatening complications, results in the highest mortality and treatment cost of any illness in US hospitals. Several immune biomarker levels, including Interleukin 6 (IL-6), have shown a high correlation to the onset and progression of sepsis. Currently, no technology diagnoses and stratifies sepsis progression using biomarker levels. This paper reports a microfluidic biochip platform to detect proteins in undiluted human plasma samples. The device uses a differential enumeration platform that integrates Coulter counting principles, antigen specific capture chambers, and micro size bead based immunodetection to quantify cytokines. This microfluidic biochip was validated as a potential point of care technology by quantifying IL-6 from plasma samples (n = 29) with good correlation (R2 = 0.81) and agreement (Bland-Altman) compared to controls. In combination with previous applications, this point of care platform can potentially detect cell and protein biomarkers simultaneously for sepsis stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Valera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Brown MS, Ashley B, Koh A. Wearable Technology for Chronic Wound Monitoring: Current Dressings, Advancements, and Future Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:47. [PMID: 29755977 PMCID: PMC5932176 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds challenge tissue regeneration and impair infection regulation for patients afflicted with this condition. Next generation wound care technology capable of in situ physiological surveillance which can diagnose wound parameters, treat various chronic wound symptoms, and reduce infection at the wound noninvasively with the use of a closed loop therapeutic system would provide patients with an improved standard of care and an accelerated wound repair mechanism. The indicating biomarkers specific to chronic wounds include blood pressure, temperature, oxygen, pH, lactate, glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and infection status. A wound monitoring device would help decrease prolonged hospitalization, multiple doctors' visits, and the expensive lab testing associated with the diagnosis and treatment of chronic wounds. A device capable of monitoring the wound status and stimulating the healing process is highly desirable. In this review, we discuss the impaired physiological states of chronic wounds and explain the current treatment methods. Specifically, we focus on improvements in materials, platforms, fabrication methods for wearable devices, and quantitative analysis of various biomarkers vital to wound healing progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Brandon Ashley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Ahyeon Koh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
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