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Theys J, Tareau MA, Ansoe-Tareau C, Greene A, Palisse M, Ricardou A, Odonne G. Adaptive ecological knowledge among the Ndjuka Maroons of French Guiana; a case study of two 'invasive species': Melaleuca quinquenervia and Acacia mangium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:29. [PMID: 37434227 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand how local ecological knowledge changes and adapts, here in the case of the recent introduction of plant species, we report the knowledge and perceptions of the Ndjuka (Maroon) of French Guiana concerning two tree species, Acacia mangium and niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia), which are categorized as "invasive alien plants" in the savannas of their territory. METHODS To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted between April and July 2022, using a pre-designed questionnaire, plant samples and photographs. The uses, local ecological knowledge, and representations of these species were surveyed among populations of Maroon origin in western French Guiana. All responses to closed questions collected during the field survey were compiled into an Excel spreadsheet in order to perform quantitative analyses, including the calculation of use reports (URs). RESULTS It appears that the local populations have integrated these two plant species, which are named, used and even traded, into their knowledge systems. On the other hand, neither foreignness nor invasiveness seem to be relevant concepts in the perspective of the informants. The usefulness of these plants is the determining factor of their integration into the Ndjuka medicinal flora, thus resulting in the adaptation of their local ecological knowledge. CONCLUSION In addition to highlighting the need for the integration of the discourse of local stakeholders into the management of "invasive alien species," this study also allows us to observe the forms of adaptation that are set in motion by the arrival of a new species, particularly within populations that are themselves the result of recent migrations. Our results furthermore indicate that such adaptations of local ecological knowledge can occur very quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Theys
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane-IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Groupe d'Etude et de Protection des Oiseaux en Guyane (GEPOG), Remire-Montjoly, French Guiana
| | - Marc-Alexandre Tareau
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane-IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana.
- CIC INSERM 1424, Clinical Investigation Center, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - Clarisse Ansoe-Tareau
- Interpreter-Translator in Surinamese Maroon Languages, Okanisi Traduction et Médiation, Remire-Montjoly, French Guiana
| | - Alexander Greene
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane-IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Marianne Palisse
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane-IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Alizée Ricardou
- Groupe d'Etude et de Protection des Oiseaux en Guyane (GEPOG), Remire-Montjoly, French Guiana
| | - Guillaume Odonne
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS, Université de Guyane-IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Indigenous Knowledge on the Uses and Morphological Variation among Strychnos spinosa Lam. at Oyemeni Area, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of rural communities in South Africa are characterised by insufficient nutrition and food insecurity at the household level. Due to a lack of information about indigenous fruit trees and their use, food-insecure households are missing out on the nutrition that these fruits provide. Strychnos spinosa Lam. (monkey orange; umHlala) has been identified as one of southern Africa’s top priority fruit species for domestication. However, indigenous information on S. spinosa usage and morphological diversity is still lacking. Indigenous knowledge of species characteristics might be a good place to start when attempting to understand variations in key phenotypic traits. Information on the use and morphological variation of S. spinosa was collected from participants of 100 randomly selected homesteads. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results indicate that S. spinosa is a multi-purpose tree with numerous uses. Most respondents (97%) mentioned that they use it for fermented maize meal (umBhantshi); and others mentioned fermented porridge (amaHewu); alcohol; fruit; juice; jam; homestead protection; snakebite; firewood; food allergy; livestock increase; and only 7% mentioned for stomachache. Morphological variation was observed in leaf colour and shape, fruit rind colour, size, rind texture, pulp colour, pulp texture, and taste. However, the most mentioned variety featured green (78%), rounded leaves (78%) and green (39%), large (46%), smooth-textured rind (73%) fruits that had brown pulp (54%) and tasted sweet (58%). Understanding local knowledge systems and preferences can thus inform the selection of ethno-varieties that hold importance to local people and the potential to improve livelihoods in externally led domestication and development programs.
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Alcàntara-Rodríguez M, Françozo M, Van Andel T. Looking into the flora of Dutch Brazil: botanical identifications of seventeenth century plant illustrations in the Libri Picturati. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19736. [PMID: 34611224 PMCID: PMC8492696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Libri Picturati includes a collection of plant illustrations from seventeenth century Dutch Brazil that is kept in the Jagiellonian library in Krakow since World War II. While many studies focused on the artistic details and history of these images, we identified the flora depicted. We used contemporary textual sources (e.g., Historia Naturalis Brasiliae), monographs and taxonomist' assessments. We checked origin, life form, domestication and conservation status and the plant parts that are represented. We identified 198 taxa, consisting mostly of wild, native rainforest trees and 35 introduced species. Fertile branches are the most represented, although some loose dry fruits and sterile material were also painted, which sheds light into the collection methods by naturalists in Dutch Brazil. Several species are no longer abundant or have become invasive due to anthropogenic influences since colonialism. Through this botanical iconography, we traced the first records of the sunflower and the Ethiopian pepper in Brazil, as well as the dispersion and assimilation of the flora encountered in the colony by Indigenous, African and European peoples. We emphasized the relevance of combining visual and textual sources when studying natural history collections and we highlighted how digitalization makes these artistic and scientific collections more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Françozo
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Archaeology, Associate Professor in Museum Studies, PI ERC BRASILIAE Project, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tinde Van Andel
- Institute for Biology, Clusius Chair in History of Botany and Gardens, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Odonne G, Tareau MA, van Andel T. Geopolitics of bitterness: Deciphering the history and cultural biogeography of Quassia amara L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113546. [PMID: 33181284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Quassia amara L. recently came into the spotlight in French Guiana, when it became the object of a biopiracy claim. Due to the numerous use records throughout the Guiana shield, at least since the 18th century, a thorough investigation of its origin seemed relevant and timely. In the light of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya protocol, questions about the origin of local knowledge are important to debate. AIM OF THE STUDY Defining cultural biogeography as the dynamics through space and time of biocultural complexes, we used this theoretical framework to shed light on the complex biogeographical and cultural history of Q. amara. We explored in particular the possible transfer of medicinal knowledge on an Old World species to a botanically related New World one by enslaved Africans in Suriname. MATERIALS AND METHODS Historical and contemporary literature research was performed by means of digitized manuscripts, archives and databases from the 17th to the 21st century. We retrieved data from digitized herbarium vouchers in herbaria of the Botanic Garden Meise (Belgium); Naturalis Biodiversity Center (the Netherlands); Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, the Field Museum (USA); Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (UK); the IRD Herbarium, French Guiana and the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (France). Vernacular names were retrieved from literature and herbarium specimens and compared to verify the origin of Quassia amara and its uses. RESULTS Our exploration of digitized herbarium vouchers resulted in 1287 records, of which 661 were Q. amara and 636 were Q. africana. We observed that the destiny of this species, over at least 300 years, interweaves politics, economy, culture and medicine in a very complex way. Quassia amara's uses are difficult to attribute to specific cultural groups: the species is widely distributed in Central and South America, where it is popular among many ethnic groups. The species spread from Central to South America during the early 18th century due to political and economic reasons. This migration possibly resulted from simultaneous migration by religious orders (Jesuits) from Central America to northern South America and by Carib-speaking Amerindians (from northern South America to Suriname). Subsequently, through colonial trade networks, Q. amara spread to the rest of the world. The absence of African-derived local names in the Guiana shield suggests that Q. africana was not sufficiently familiar to enslaved Africans in the region that they preserved its names and transferred the associated medicinal knowledge to Q. amara. CONCLUSIONS Cultural biogeography has proven an interesting concept to reconstruct the dynamics of biocultural interactions through space and time, while herbarium databases have shown to be useful to decipher evolution of local plant knowledge. Tracing the origin of a knowledge is nevertheless a complex adventure that deserves time and interdisciplinary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Odonne
- LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - Marc-Alexandre Tareau
- LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Geertsma IP, Françozo M, van Andel T, Rodríguez MA. What's in a name? Revisiting medicinal and religious plants at an Amazonian market. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2021; 17:9. [PMID: 33546714 PMCID: PMC7866673 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of an increasing number of ethnobotanical market surveys in the past decades, few studies compare changes in plant species trade over time. The open-air market Ver-o-Peso (VOP) in Belém, located near the mouth of the Amazon River in the state of Pará, Brazil, is known for its wide variety of medicinal plants. A survey of VOP was published in 1984, but it remains unknown to what extent its botanical composition changed over 34 years. Furthermore, in northern Brazil, little attention has been given to the origins of the vernacular names of these plants. Our aim is to give an up-to-date overview of the VOP medicinal plant market, concentrating on changes in species composition and vernacular names over time. METHODS We collected medicinal plants and vernacular names at VOP in August 2018. We identified most plants at the Museo Paraense Emilio Goeldi Herbarium, where we also deposited vouchers and specimen labels. We compared our species composition data to the 1984 inventory by Van den Berg. Furthermore, we investigated the etymologies of the vernacular plant names. RESULTS We recorded 155 plant specimens and 165 corresponding vernacular names, and collected 146 specimens from the medicinal and ritual stalls of VOP reporting 86 species formerly not recorded at this market. Vernacular names had mostly Portuguese roots, followed by Tupi and African ones. We found 30 species also documented in 1984, and vernacular names that overlapped between both surveys were used for the same botanical species or genus, indicating that vernacular names have changed little in the past decades. Lastly, we found 26 more introduced species sold at VOP compared to 1984. CONCLUSIONS Forest degradation and deforestation, prevalence of diseases, and methodological factors may play a role in the differences we found in our survey compared to 1984. Of the plants that did overlap between the two surveys, vernacular names of these plants were hardly different. Lastly, the lingual origins of the vernacular names in our survey and the origins of the plant species reflect the history of the intricate syncretism of medicinal plant practices of indigenous, Afro-Brazilian and European origins in Belém.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pombo Geertsma
- Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands.
| | - Mariana Françozo
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden, 2333 CC, the Netherlands
- PI ERC BRASILIAE project, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tinde van Andel
- Clusius chair in History of Botany and Gardens, IBL, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
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Alcántara Rodríguez M, Pombo Geertsma I, Françozo M, van Andel T. Marcgrave and Piso's plants for sale: The presence of plant species and names from the Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648) in contemporary Brazilian markets. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112911. [PMID: 32389855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parallelisms between current and historical medicinal practices as described in the seventeenth century treatise Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (HNB) provide us with an overview of traditional plant knowledge transformations. Local markets reflect the actual plant use in urban and rural surroundings, allowing us to trace cross-century similarities of ethnobotanical knowledge. AIMS OF THE STUDY We aim to verify in how far the HNB, created in seventeenth-century northeastern Brazil, correlates with contemporary plant use in the country by comparing the plant knowledge therein with recent plant market surveys at national level. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a literature review on ethnobotanical market surveys in Brazil. We used the retrieved data on plant composition and vernacular names, together with our own fieldwork from the Ver-o-Peso market in Belém, to compare each market repertoire with the useful species in the HNB. We analyzed similarities among markets and the HNB with a Detrended Correspondence Analysis and by creating Venn diagrams. We analyzed the methods of the different markets to check whether they influenced our results. RESULTS Out of the 24 markets reviewed, the greatest similarities with the HNB are seen in northern Brazilian markets, both in plant composition and vernacular names, followed by the northeast. The least overlap is found with markets in the central west and Rio de Janeiro. Most of the shared vernacular names with the HNB belonged to languages of the Tupi linguistic family. CONCLUSION The similarity patterns in floristic composition among Brazilian markets and the HNB indicate the current wider distribution and trade of the species that Marcgrave and Piso described in 1648 in the northeast. Migration of indigenous groups, environmental changes, globalized and homogenous plant trade, and different market survey methods played a role in these results. The HNB is a reference point in time that captures a moment of colonial cultural transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Pombo Geertsma
- Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mariana Françozo
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University. Einsteinweg 2, 2333, CC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Associate Professor in Museum Studies, PI ERC BRASILIAE Project, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - Tinde van Andel
- Clusius Chair in History of Botany and Gardens, Institute for Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333, BE, Leiden, the Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Pagnocca TS, Zank S, Hanazaki N. "The plants have axé": investigating the use of plants in Afro-Brazilian religions of Santa Catarina Island. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:20. [PMID: 32334606 PMCID: PMC7183622 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultural and religious practices of African origin have decisively influenced traditional health practices in the Americas since the African diaspora. Plants are core elements in the religions of African origin. Compared with other parts of Brazil where the Afro-Brazilian presence is widely recognized, in Southern Brazil, these cultural practices are often socially invisible. Yet, there are several terreiros of three Afro-Brazilian religions: Candomblé, Umbanda, and Ritual deAlmas e Angola. We hypothesize that the importance of plants in Afro-Brazilian religions is linked not only to spiritual and magical issues but also to the medicinal properties of these plants. We seek to answer the following questions: (a) Which plants are used in the terreiros and what are their indications for use?; (b) Are there plants that stand out culturally in these religious groups?; and (c) What is the importance of the adaptive maintenance and replacement process in the use of plants in these religions, considering the Neotropical and African plants? METHODS We performed a census of the existing terreiros on the Island of Santa Catarina to collect information on the knowledge and use of plants. In all terreiros that consented to participate in the research, we collected data through semi-structured interviews, guided tours for plant collection, and participant observation. We identified the botanical species through expert consultations and botanical literature. RESULTS We interviewed 27 spiritual leaders, who cited 93 plants belonging to 86 botanical species. We identified 14 categories of use, with emphasis on liturgical ritual use (59%), general and unspecified diseases (32%), and digestive diseases (27%). In most liturgics uses, direct contact between plant and patient occurs, as in the case of bathing and the cleansing use of smoke. Sixteen plants were cited in all terreiros, configuring a set of species that can be considered as culturally important plants for these religious groups. CONCLUSIONS These groups have extensive knowledge about a highly consensual set of therapeutic plants that should be further investigated pharmacologically to understand the effect of their external use. Also, we emphasize the importance of recognizing and valuing this ancestral Afro-Brazilian knowledge and learning also from these people about their broader vision of health which also adds more spirituality in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Santos Pagnocca
- Laboratory of Human Ecology and Ethnobotany (ECOHE), Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Sofia Zank
- Laboratory of Human Ecology and Ethnobotany (ECOHE), Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Laboratory of Human Ecology and Ethnobotany (ECOHE), Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Veldman S, Ju Y, Otieno JN, Abihudi S, Posthouwer C, Gravendeel B, van Andel TR, de Boer HJ. DNA barcoding augments conventional methods for identification of medicinal plant species traded at Tanzanian markets. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112495. [PMID: 31877364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMALOGICAL RELEVANCE In Africa, traditional medicine is important for local healthcare and plants used for these purposes are commonly traded. Identifying medicinal plants sold on markets is challenging, as leaves, barks and roots are often fragmented or powdered. Vernacular names are often homonymic, and identification of material lacking sufficient morphological characters is time-consuming, season-dependent and might lead to incorrect assessments of commercialised species diversity. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we identified cases of vernacular heterogeneity of medicinal plants using a tiered approach of literature research, morphology and DNA barcoding. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 870 single ingredient medicinal plant samples corresponding to 452 local names were purchased from herbal markets in Dar-es-Salaam and Tanga, Tanzania, and identified using conventional methods as well as DNA barcoding using rbcL, matK and nrITS. RESULTS Using conventional methods, we could identify 70% of samples to at least family level, while 62% yielded a DNA barcode for at least one of the three markers. Combining conventional methods and DNA barcoding, 76% of the samples could be identified to species level, revealing a diversity of at least 175 species in 65 plant families. Analysis of the market samples revealed 80 cases of multilingualism and over- and under-differentiation. Afzelia quanzensis Welw., Zanthoxylum spp., Allophylus spp. and Albizia anthelmintica Brongn. were the most evident cases of multilingualism and over-differentiation, as they were traded under 8-12 vernacular names in up to five local languages. The most obvious case of under-differentiation was mwingajini (Swahili), which matched to eight scientific species in five different plant families. CONCLUSIONS Use of a tiered approach increases the identification success of medicinal plants sold in local market and corroborates findings that DNA barcoding can elucidate the identity of material that is unidentifiable based on morphology and literature as well as verify or disqualify these identifications. Results of this study can be used as a basis for quantitative market surveys of fragmented herbal medicine and to investigate conservation issues associated with this trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Veldman
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Yingzi Ju
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph N Otieno
- Institute of Traditional Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Siri Abihudi
- Institute of Traditional Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Chantal Posthouwer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tinde R van Andel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway
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Tabajara de Oliveira Martins D, Rodrigues E, Casu L, Benítez G, Leonti M. The historical development of pharmacopoeias and the inclusion of exotic herbal drugs with a focus on Europe and Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111891. [PMID: 30999013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In spite of the rich bio-cultural diversity found in the Neotropics relatively few herbal drugs native to South America are included in the global pharmacopoeia. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the attempt to historically explain the inclusion of herbal drugs into official pharmacopoeias we consider the disparate epidemiology and cultural evolution of the New and the Old World. We then trace the development of pharmacopoeias and review forces that worked towards and against the synchronization of pharmacopoeias and highlight the role of early chemical and pharmacological studies in Europe. Finally, we compare the share of exotic and native herbal drug species included in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia with the share of exotic and native species included in the European Pharmacopoeia as well as those used for products registered with ANVISA. RESULTS The domination of Eurasian herbal drugs in the European Pharmacopoeia seems to be conditioned by the geographical extension of Eurasia, which facilitated the interchange of materia medica and the creation of a consensus of use since ancient times. At the time of the Conquest the epidemiology of the Amerindian populations resembled that of pre-agriculturalist societies while no written consensus around efficacious medicine existed. Subsequently, introduced and well-tried plant species of the Old World gained therapeutic importance in the New World. CONCLUSION The research focus in Europe and the US resulted in a persistence of herbal drugs with a historic importance in the European and US pharmacopoeias, which gained a status as safe and efficacious. During the last decades only few ethnopharmacological field-studies have been conducted with indigenous Amerindian groups living in the Brazilian Amazon, which might be attributable to difficulties in obtaining research permissions. Newly adopted regulations regarding access to biodiversity and traditional knowledge as well as the simplified procedure for licencing herbal medicinal products in Brazil prospects an interesting future for those aiming at developing herbal medicine based on bio-cultural diversity and respecting the protocols regulating benefit sharing.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brazil
- Europe
- Herbal Medicine/history
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Ancient
- History, Medieval
- Humans
- Medicine, Traditional/history
- Pharmacopoeias as Topic/history
- Plants, Medicinal
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliana Rodrigues
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies, Department of Environmental Sciences, UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Laura Casu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
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Tokuoka Y, Yamasaki F, Kimura K, Hashigoe K, Oka M. Tracing chronological shifts in farmland demarcation trees in southwestern Japan: implications from species distribution patterns, folk nomenclature, and multiple usage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2019; 15:21. [PMID: 31029161 PMCID: PMC6487015 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the history of anthropogenic vegetation is often difficult due to the lack of tangible historical evidence. In this study, we examined chronological changes of farmland demarcation trees planted on alluvial plains along the Hijikawa River in southwestern Japan based on species distribution patterns, folk nomenclature, and multiple usage of the trees. METHODS The species composition of demarcation trees was investigated at 47 sites in 13 villages. We performed hierarchical clustering using Bray-Curtis measures to detect groups of similar tree composition and permutational multivariate analysis of variance to test whether differences in species composition correspond to village units. To better understand the traditional knowledge of demarcation trees, we conducted interviews with 53 farmers, most of whom were over 60 years old. RESULTS Clustering resulted in six tree composition groups. The group characterized by the most frequently planted species, Chaenomeles speciosa, dominated around lower reach villages. The group characterized by Euonymus japonicus dominated around middle reach villages, and that characterized by Salix pierotii was mainly located around upper reach villages. Chaenomeles speciosa was always identified with the standard Japanese name boke or similar names. Euonymus japonicus and several other species were also called boke by many farmers. Several elderly farmers stated that C. speciosa was pervasive in upper and middle reach villages in their youth, suggesting the prototypical use of C. speciosa in the study area. In addition, some minor species were likely to have been left after commercial crop production or subsistence use between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, including Morus sp. and Celtis sinensis for sericulture, Salix koriyanagi for fiber production, and Gardenia jasminoides for food coloration. The name kōshin bana recorded for E. japonicus suggests that the species' use originated from the folk faiths Kōshin-shinkō and/or Shōmen-Kongō. CONCLUSIONS The composition of demarcation trees in the region has not been stable over time, but instead changed to reflect the local livelihood, industry, and faiths. Despite the lack of tangible historical evidence, the spatial distribution patterns, folk nomenclature, and traditional knowledge of plants can provide clues to trace the chronological background of ecotopes in anthropogenic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tokuoka
- Division of Biodiversity, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Fukuhiro Yamasaki
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kimura
- Rural Development Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1, Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686 Japan
| | | | - Mitsunori Oka
- Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
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11
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Bond MO, Anderson BJ, Henare THA, Wehi PM. Effects of climatically shifting species distributions on biocultural relationships. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O. Bond
- Department of Botany University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawai'i
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | | | - Priscilla M. Wehi
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Dunedin New Zealand
- Te Pūnaha Matatini Auckland New Zealand
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12
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Lei D, Wu J, Leon C, Huang LF, Hawkins JA. Medicinal plants of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Daodi: Insights from phylogeny and biogeography. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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13
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van 't Klooster CIEA, Haabo V, Ruysschaert S, Vossen T, van Andel TR. Herbal bathing: an analysis of variation in plant use among Saramaccan and Aucan Maroons in Suriname. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2018; 14:20. [PMID: 29544521 PMCID: PMC5856216 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal baths play an important role in the traditional health care of Maroons living in the interior of Suriname. However, little is known on the differences in plant ingredients used among and within the Maroon groups. We compared plant use in herbal baths documented for Saramaccan and Aucan Maroons, to see whether similarity in species was related to bath type, ethnic group, or geographical location. We hypothesized that because of their dissimilar cultural background, they used different species for the same type of bath. We assumed, however, that plants used in genital baths were more similar, as certain plant ingredients (e.g., essential oils), are preferred in these baths. METHODS We compiled a database from published and unpublished sources on herbal bath ingredients and constructed a presence/absence matrix per bath type and study site. To assess similarity in plant use among and within Saramaccan and Aucan communities, we performed three Detrended Correspondence Analyses on species level and the Jaccard Similarity Index to quantify similarity in bath ingredients. RESULTS We recorded 349 plants used in six commonly used bath types: baby strength, adult strength, skin diseases, respiratory ailments, genital steam baths, and spiritual issues. Our results showed a large variation in plant ingredients among the Saramaccan and Aucans and little similarity between Saramaccans and Aucans, even for the same type of baths. Plant ingredients for baby baths and genital baths shared more species than the others. Even within the Saramaccan community, plant ingredients were stronger associated with location than with bath type. CONCLUSIONS Plant use in bathing was strongly influenced by study site and then by ethnicity, but less by bath type. As Maroons escaped from different plantations and developed their ethnomedicinal practices in isolation, there has been little exchange in ethnobotanical knowledge after the seventeenth century between ethnic groups. Care should be taken in extrapolating plant use data collected from one location to a whole ethnic community. Maroon plant use deserves more scientific attention, especially now as there are indications that traditional knowledge is disappearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte I E A van 't Klooster
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vinije Haabo
- Saramaka Project, Kennedyweg 92, 6708 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Ruysschaert
- World Wildlife Fund Guianas, Henk Arronstraat 63, Suite E, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Tessa Vossen
- ICLON, University Leiden, Willem Einthoven Building, Wassenaarseweg 62a, 2333 AL, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tinde R van Andel
- Department of Plant sciences, Subdivision Biosystematics, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Souza ENF, Hawkins JA. Comparison of Herbarium Label Data and Published Medicinal Use: Herbaria as an Underutilized Source of Ethnobotanical Information. ECONOMIC BOTANY 2017; 71:1-12. [PMID: 28496281 PMCID: PMC5403864 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-017-9367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbarium specimens as vouchers to support ethnobotanical surveys is well established. However, herbaria may be underutilized resources for ethnobotanical research that depends on the analysis of large datasets compiled across multiple sites. Here, we compare two medicinal use datasets, one sourced from published papers and the other from online herbaria to determine whether herbarium and published data are comparable and to what extent herbarium specimens add new data and fill gaps in our knowledge of geographical extent of plant use. Using Brazilian legumes as a case study, we compiled 1400 use reports from 105 publications and 15 Brazilian herbaria. Of the 319 species in 107 genera with cited medicinal uses, 165 (51%) were recorded only in the literature and 55 (17%) only on herbarium labels. Mode of application, plant part used, or therapeutic use was less often documented by herbarium specimen labels (17% with information) than publications (70%). However, medicinal use of 21 of the 128 species known from only one report in the literature was substantiated from independently collected herbarium specimens, and 58 new therapeutic applications, 25 new plant parts, and 16 new modes of application were added for species known from the literature. Thus, when literature reports are few or information-poor, herbarium data can both validate and augment these reports. Herbarium data can also provide insights into the history and geographical extent of use that are not captured in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. N. F. Souza
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6BX UK
| | - J. A. Hawkins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6BX UK
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van Andel T, Fundiko MCC. The Trade in African Medicinal Plants in Matonge-Ixelles, Brussels (Belgium). ECONOMIC BOTANY 2016; 70:405-415. [PMID: 28179733 PMCID: PMC5258814 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-016-9365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining cultural identity and preference to treat cultural bound ailments with herbal medicine are motivations for migrants to continue using medicinal plants from their home country after moving to Europe and the USA. As it is generally easier to import exotic food than herbal medicine, migrants often shift to using species that double as food and medicine. This paper focuses on the trade in African medicinal plants in a Congolese neighborhood in Brussels (Belgium). What African medicinal plants are sold in Matonge, where do they come from, and to which extent are they food medicines? Does vendor ethnicity influence the diversity of the herbal medicine sold? We hypothesized that most medicinal plants, traders, and clients in Matonge were of Congolese origin, most plants used medicinally were mainly food crops and that culture-bound illnesses played a prominent role in medicinal plant use. We carried out a market survey in 2014 that involved an inventory of medicinal plants in 19 shops and interviews with 10 clients of African descent, voucher collection and data gathering on vernacular names and uses. We encountered 83 medicinal plant species, of which 71% was primarily used for food. The shredded leaves of Gnetum africanum Welw., Manihot esculenta Crantz, and Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam were among the most frequently sold vegetables with medicinal uses. Cola nuts, shea butter, Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., and Mondia whitei (Hook.f.). Skeels were the main non-food medicines sold. Women's health, aphrodisiacs, and rituals were the most important medicinal applications, but culture-bound ailments did not entirely dominate the plant uses. While most clients in Matonge were Congolese, most vendors and plant species were not. The Pakistanis dominated the food trade, and typical Congolese plants were sometimes replaced by West African species, creating confusion in vernacular names. African-managed shops had significantly more species of medicinal plants in stock than shops managed by Pakistanis. Almost all non-food herbal medicine was sold by Africans. Apart from informal shops, non-food herbal medicine was also sold from private homes and by ambulant vendors, probably to reduce costs and escape taxes and control by the authorities. We expect that in the future, increasing rent, strict regulations, and decreasing investments by the Congolese community will force the medicinal plant trade in Matonge to go even more underground.
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van Andel TR, Meyer RS, Aflitos SA, Carney JA, Veltman MA, Copetti D, Flowers JM, Havinga RM, Maat H, Purugganan MD, Wing RA, Schranz ME. Tracing ancestor rice of Suriname Maroons back to its African origin. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16149. [PMID: 27694825 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and African cultivation practices are said to have influenced emerging colonial plantation economies in the Americas1,2. However, the level of impact of African rice practices is difficult to establish because of limited written or botanical records2,3. Recent findings of O. glaberrima in rice fields of Suriname Maroons bear evidence of the high level of knowledge about rice among African slaves and their descendants, who consecrate it in ancestor rituals4,5. Here we establish the strong similarity, and hence likely origin, of the first extant New World landrace of O. glaberrima to landraces from the Upper Guinean forests in West Africa. We collected African rice from a Maroon market in Paramaribo, Suriname, propagated it, sequenced its genome6 and compared it with genomes of 109 accessions representing O. glaberrima diversity across West Africa. By analysing 1,649,769 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in clustering analyses, the Suriname sample appears sister to an Ivory Coast landrace, and shows no evidence of introgression from Asian rice. Whereas the Dutch took most slaves from Ghana, Benin and Central Africa7, the diaries of slave ship captains record the purchase of food for provisions when sailing along the West African Coast8, offering one possible explanation for the patterns of genetic similarity. This study demonstrates the utility of genomics in understanding the largely unwritten histories of crop cultures of diaspora communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinde R van Andel
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel S Meyer
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Saulo A Aflitos
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Carney
- Departmemt of Geography, University of California, Box 951524, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Margaretha A Veltman
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dario Copetti
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Jonathan M Flowers
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reinout M Havinga
- Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam, Plantage Middenlaan 2, 1018 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Maat
- Knowledge Technology and Innovation group, Social Sciences Department, Wageningen University, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael D Purugganan
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rod A Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- International Rice Research Institute, Genetic Resource Center, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Otieno J, Abihudi S, Veldman S, Nahashon M, van Andel T, de Boer HJ. Vernacular dominance in folk taxonomy: a case study of ethnospecies in medicinal plant trade in Tanzania. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2015; 11:10. [PMID: 25971902 PMCID: PMC4429978 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants are traded as products with vernacular names, but these folk taxonomies do not always correspond one-to-one with scientific plant names. These local species entities can be defined as ethnospecies and can match, under-differentiate or over-differentiate as compared to scientific species. Identification of plant species in trade is further complicated by the processed state of the product, substitution and adulteration. In countries like Tanzania, an additional dimension to mapping folk taxonomies on scientific names is added by the multitude of ethnicities and languages of the plant collectors, traders and consumers. This study aims to elucidate the relations between the most common vernacular names and the ethnicity of the individual traders among the medicinal plant markets in Dar es Salaam and Tanga regions in Tanzania, with the aim of understanding the dynamics of vernacular names in plant trade. METHODS A total of 90 respondents were interviewed in local markets using semi-structured interviews. The ethnicity of each respondent was recorded, as well as the language of each ethnospecies mentioned during the interviews. Voucher collections and reference literature were used to match ethnospecies across languages. RESULTS At each market, the language of the majority of the vendors dominates the names for medicinal products. The dominant vendors often represent the major ethnic groups of that region. Independent of their ethnicity, vendors offer their products in the dominant language of the specific region without apparently leading to any confusion or species mismatching. CONCLUSIONS Middlemen, traders and vendors adapt their folk classifications to those of the ethnic groups of the region where they conduct their trade, and to the ethnicity of their main customers. The names in the language of the traders are not forgotten, but relegated in favor of the more salient names of the dominant tribe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Otieno
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Siri Abihudi
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Sarina Veldman
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Michael Nahashon
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tinde van Andel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 4, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 4, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- The Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway.
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