1
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Zeng P, Shu LZ, Zhou YH, Huang HL, Wei SH, Liu WJ, Deng H. Stem cell division and its critical role in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis: current progress and remaining challenges. Stem Cells Dev 2024. [PMID: 38943275 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2024.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The origin of breast cancer (BC) has traditionally been a focus of medical research. It is widely acknowledged that BC originates from immortal mammary stem cells (MaSCs) and that these stem cells participate in two division modes: symmetric cell division (SCD) and asymmetric cell division (ACD). Although both of these modes are key to the process of breast development and their imbalance is closely associated with the onset of BC, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena deserve in-depth exploration. In this review, we first outline the molecular mechanisms governing ACD/SCD and analyze the role of ACD/SCD in various stages of breast development. We describe that the changes in telomerase activity, the role of polar proteins, and the stimulation of ovarian hormones subsequently lead to two distinct consequences: breast development or carcinogenesis. Finally, gene mutations, abnormalities in polar proteins, modulation of signal-transduction pathways, and alterations in the microenvironment disrupt the balance of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) division modes and cause BC. Important regulatory factors such as mammalian Inscuteable (mInsc), Numb, Eya1, PKCα, PKCθ, p53, and IL-6 also play significant roles in regulating pathways of ACD/SCD and may constitute key targets for future research on stem cell division, breast development, and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang 330001, Jiangxi Province, China, China;
| | - Lin-Zhen Shu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, nanchang, China;
| | - Yu-Hong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang 330001, Jiangxi Province, China, China;
| | - Hai-Lin Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang 330001, Jiangxi Province, China, China;
| | - Shu-Hua Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang 330001, Jiangxi Province, China, China;
| | - Wen-Jian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Nanchang 330001, Jiangxi Province, China, China;
| | - Huan Deng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Department of Pathology, Nanchang, China
- Rehabiliation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, China;
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Abstract
Keratinocyte senescence contributes to skin ageing and epidermal dysfunction. According to the existing knowledge, the transcription factor ΔNp63α plays pivotal roles in differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes. It is traditionally accepted that ΔNp63α exerts its functions via binding to promoter regions to activate or repress gene transcription. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that ΔNp63α can bind to elements away from promoter regions of its target genes, mediating epigenetic regulation. On the other hand, several epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modification and variation, chromatin remodelling, as well as enhancer-promoter looping, are found to be related to cell senescence. To systematically elucidate how ΔNp63α affects keratinocyte senescence via epigenetic regulation, we comprehensively compiled the literatures on the roles of ΔNp63α in keratinocyte senescence, epigenetics in cellular senescence, and the relation between ΔNp63α-mediated epigenetic regulation and keratinocyte senescence. Based on the published data, we conclude that ΔNp63α mediates epigenetic regulation via multiple mechanisms: recruiting epigenetic enzymes to modify DNA or histones, coordinating chromatin remodelling complexes (CRCs) or regulating their expression, and mediating enhancer-promoter looping. Consequently, the expression of genes related to cell cycle is modulated, and proliferation of keratinocytes and renewal of stem cells are maintained, by ΔNp63α. During skin inflammaging, the decline of ΔNp63α may lead to epigenetic dysregulation, resultantly deteriorating keratinocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghan Kuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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3
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Ge M, Zhu J, Yi K, Chen Y, Cao W, Wang M, Xie C, Li X, Geng S, Wu J, Zhong C, Cao H, Jiang Z, Han H. Diallyl trisulfide inhibits gastric cancer stem cell properties through ΔNp63/sonic hedgehog pathway. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1673-1685. [PMID: 37477518 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest malignant tumors, and half of the patients develop recurrences or metastasis within 5 years after eradication therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be important in this progress. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of gastric CSCs characteristics. The p63 proteins are vital transcription factors belonging to the p53 family, while their functions in regulating CSCs remain unclear. The preventive effects of dietary diallyl trisulfide (DATS) against human gastric cancer have been verified. However, whether DATS can target gastric CSCs are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of ΔNp63/SHH pathway in gastric CSCs and the inhibitory effect of DATS on gastric CSCs via ΔNp63/SHH pathway. We found that ΔNp63 was upregulated in serum-free medium cultured gastric tumorspheres compared with the parental cells. Overexpression of ΔNp63 elevated the self-renewal capacity and CSC markers' levels in gastric sphere-forming cells. Furthermore, we found that ΔNp63 directly bound to the promoter region of Gli1, the key transcriptional factor of SHH pathway, to enhance its expression and to activate SHH pathway. In addition, it was revealed that DATS effectively inhibited gastric CSC properties both in vitro and in vivo settings. Activation of SHH pathway attenuated the suppressive effects of DATS on the stemness of gastric cancer. Moreover, DATS suppression of gastric CSC properties was also diminished by ΔNp63 upregulation through SHH pathway activation. These findings illustrated the role of ΔNp63/SHH pathway in DATS inhibition of gastric cancer stemness. Taken together, the present study suggested for the first time that DATS inhibited gastric CSCs properties by ΔNp63/SHH pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Nutrition, Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kefan Yi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanshuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Cancer Research, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Li Y, Giovannini S, Wang T, Fang J, Li P, Shao C, Wang Y, Shi Y, Candi E, Melino G, Bernassola F. p63: a crucial player in epithelial stemness regulation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3371-3384. [PMID: 37848625 PMCID: PMC10638092 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissue homeostasis is closely associated with the self-renewal and differentiation behaviors of epithelial stem cells (ESCs). p63, a well-known marker of ESCs, is an indispensable factor for their biological activities during epithelial development. The diversity of p63 isoforms expressed in distinct tissues allows this transcription factor to have a wide array of effects. p63 coordinates the transcription of genes involved in cell survival, stem cell self-renewal, migration, differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Through the regulation of these biological processes, p63 contributes to, not only normal epithelial development, but also epithelium-derived cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of p63 in epithelial stemness regulation, including self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. We describe the differential expression of TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms and their distinct functional activities in normal epithelial tissues and in epithelium-derived tumors. Furthermore, we summarize the signaling cascades modulating the TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms as well as their downstream pathways in stemness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Sara Giovannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tingting Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Peishan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Han Y, Rovella V, Smirnov A, Buonomo OC, Mauriello A, Perretta T, Shi Y, Woodmsith J, Bischof J, Melino G, Candi E, Bernassola F. A BRCA2 germline mutation and high expression of immune checkpoints in a TNBC patient. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:370. [PMID: 37813891 PMCID: PMC10562433 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of mammary carcinoma. Here, we describe a case of an 81-year-old female diagnosed with ductal triple negative breast cancer with a germline pathogenic variant in BReast CAncer gene2 (BRCA2). Genetic testing also revealed the presence of four somatic mutations in the ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EphA3), TP53, BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1), and MYB genes. The BRCA2, TP53, and BAP1 gene mutations are highly predictive of a defective homologous recombination repair system and subsequent chromosomal instability in this patient. Coherently, the patient displayed a strong homologous recombination deficiency signature and high tumor mutational burden status, which are generally associated with increased probability of immune neoantigens formation and presentation, and with tumor immunogenicity. Analysis of immune checkpoint revealed high expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), programmed death 1 (PD1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA 4), suggesting that the patient might likely benefit from immunotherapies. Altogether, these findings support an unveiled link between BRCA2 inactivation, HR deficiency and increased expression of immune checkpoints in TNBC. This clinical case highlights the importance of screening TNBC patients for genetic mutations and TMB biomarkers in order to predict the potential efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Han
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 214000, Wuxi, China
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Claudio Buonomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Perretta
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | | | - Julia Bischof
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Yang X, Smirnov A, Buonomo OC, Mauriello A, Shi Y, Bischof J, Woodsmith J, Melino G, Candi E, Bernassola F. A primary luminal/HER2 negative breast cancer patient with mismatch repair deficiency. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:365. [PMID: 37783677 PMCID: PMC10545677 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the case of a 47-year-old woman diagnosed with luminal B breast cancer subtype and provide an in-depth analysis of her gene mutations, chromosomal alterations, mRNA and protein expression changes. We found a point mutation in the FGFR2 gene, which is potentially hyper-activating the receptor function, along with over-expression of its ligand FGF20 due to genomic amplification. The patient also harbors somatic and germline mutations in some mismatch repair (MMR) genes, with a strong MMR mutational signature. The patient displays high microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) status and increased levels of CTLA-4 and PD-1 expression. Altogether, these data strongly implicate that aberrant FGFR signaling, and defective MMR system might be involved in the development of this breast tumor. In addition, high MSI and TMB in the context of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 positivity, suggest the potential benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Accurate characterization of molecular subtypes, based on gene mutational and expression profiling analyses, will be certainly helpful for individualized treatment and targeted therapy of breast cancer patients, especially for those subtypes with adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Claudio Buonomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Julia Bischof
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, Germany Biochemistry Laboratory, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Woodsmith
- Indivumed GmbH, Falkenried, Germany Biochemistry Laboratory, 88 Building D, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Suchitha GP, Balaya RDA, Raju R, Keshava Prasad TS, Dagamajalu S. A network map of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) mediated signaling pathway in cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:1097-1104. [PMID: 36944905 PMCID: PMC10409693 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) is a non-glycosylated type II transmembrane protein that serves as a cell surface-activated receptor. It is expressed primarily in the plasma membranes of bladder epithelial cells, type II alveolar pneumocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. CKAP4 is involved in various biological activities including cell proliferation, cell migration, keratinocyte differentiation, glycogenesis, fibrosis, thymic development, cardiogenesis, neuronal apoptosis, and cancer. CKAP4 has been described as a pro-tumor molecule that regulates the progression of various cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, oral cancer, bladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and osteosarcoma. CKAP4 and its isoform bind to DKK1 or DKK3 (Dickkopf proteins) or antiproliferative factor (APF) and regulates several downstream signaling cascades. The CKAP4 complex plays a crucial role in regulating the signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPK1/3. Recently, CKAP4 has been recognized as a potential target for cancer therapy. Due to its biomedical importance, we integrated a network map of CKAP4. The available literature on CKAP4 signaling was manually curated according to the NetPath annotation criteria. The consolidated pathway map comprises 41 activation/inhibition events, 21 catalysis events, 35 molecular associations, 134 gene regulation events, 83 types of protein expression, and six protein translocation events. CKAP4 signaling pathway map data is freely accessible through the WikiPathways Database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5322 ). Generation of CKAP4 signaling pathway map.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. P. Suchitha
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | | | - Rajesh Raju
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018 India
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Danev N, Harman RM, Oliveira L, Huntimer L, Van de Walle GR. Bovine milk-derived cells express transcriptome markers of pluripotency and secrete bioactive factors with regenerative and antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12600. [PMID: 37537239 PMCID: PMC10400535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine mammary stem/progenitor cell secretome stimulates regeneration in vitro and contains proteins associated with antimicrobial defense. This has led to the exploration of the secretome as a biologic treatment for mastitis, a costly inflammation of the udder commonly caused by bacteria. This study reports on a population of bovine mammary stem/progenitor cells isolated non-invasively from milk (MiDCs). MiDCs were characterized by immunophenotyping, mammosphere formation assays, and single cell RNA sequencing. They displayed epithelial morphology, exhibited markers of mammary stem/progenitor cells, and formed mammospheres, like mammary gland tissue-isolated stem/progenitor cells. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed two sub-populations of MiDCs: epithelial cells and macrophages. Functionally, the MiDC secretome increased fibroblast migration, promoted angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and inhibited the growth of mastitis-associated bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, in vitro. These qualities of MiDCs render them a source of stem cells and stem cell products that may be used to treat diseases affecting the dairy industry, including mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Danev
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Leane Oliveira
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Indianapolis, IN, 46241, USA
| | - Lucas Huntimer
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Indianapolis, IN, 46241, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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9
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Ordaz-Ramos A, Tellez-Jimenez O, Vazquez-Santillan K. Signaling pathways governing the maintenance of breast cancer stem cells and their therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221175. [PMID: 37492224 PMCID: PMC10363614 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) represent a distinct subpopulation of cells with the ability to self-renewal and differentiate into phenotypically diverse tumor cells. The involvement of CSC in treatment resistance and cancer recurrence has been well established. Numerous studies have provided compelling evidence that the self-renewal ability of cancer stem cells is tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways, which exert critical roles to maintain an undifferentiated phenotype and prevent the differentiation of CSCs. Signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, and Hippo have been implicated in the promotion of self-renewal of many normal and cancer stem cells. Given the pivotal role of BCSCs in driving breast cancer aggressiveness, targeting self-renewal signaling pathways holds promise as a viable therapeutic strategy for combating this disease. In this review, we will discuss the main signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the self-renewal ability of BCSC, while also highlighting current strategies employed to disrupt the signaling molecules associated with stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ordaz-Ramos
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Olivia Tellez-Jimenez
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Karla Vazquez-Santillan
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
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Alkhatib DZR, Thi Kim Truong T, Fujii S, Hasegawa K, Nagano R, Tajiri Y, Kiyoshima T. Stepwise activation of p63 and the MEK/ERK pathway induces the expression of ARL4C to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154493. [PMID: 37141698 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process wherein cells accumulate multiple genetic alterations and progress to a more malignant phenotype. It has been proposed that sequential accumulation of gene abnormalities in specific genes drives the transition from non-tumorous epithelia through a preneoplastic lesion/benign tumor to cancer. Histologically, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progresses in multiple ordered steps that begin with mucosal epithelial cell hyperplasia, which is followed by dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. It is therefore hypothesized that genetic alteration-mediated multistep carcinogenesis would be involved in the development of OSCC; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms are unknown. We clarified the comprehensive gene expression patterns and carried out an enrichment analysis using DNA microarray data from a pathological specimen of OSCC (including a non-tumor region, carcinoma in situ lesion and invasive carcinoma lesion). The expression of numerous genes and signal activation were altered in the development of OSCC. Among these, the p63 expression was increased and the MEK/ERK-MAPK pathway was activated in carcinoma in situ lesion and in invasive carcinoma lesion. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that p63 was initially upregulated in carcinoma in situ and ERK was sequentially activated in invasive carcinoma lesions in OSCC specimens. ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (ARL4C), the expression of which is reportedly induced by p63 and/or the MEK/ERK-MAPK pathway in OSCC cells, has been shown to promote tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemically, in OSCC specimens, ARL4C was more frequently detected in tumor lesions, especially in invasive carcinoma lesions, than in carcinoma in situ lesions. Additionally, ARL4C and phosphorylated ERK were frequently merged in invasive carcinoma lesions. Loss-of-function experiments using inhibitors and siRNAs revealed that p63 and MEK/ERK-MAPK cooperatively induce the expression of ARL4C and cell growth in OSCC cells. These results suggest that the stepwise activation of p63 and MEK/ERK-MAPK contributes to OSCC tumor cell growth through regulation of ARL4C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Zuhier Ragheb Alkhatib
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Thinh Thi Kim Truong
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yudai Tajiri
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, 1-1-1 Chidori, Koga, Fukuoka 811-3195, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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11
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Wang X, Hallen NR, Lee M, Samuchiwal S, Ye Q, Buchheit KM, Maxfield AZ, Roditi RE, Bergmark RW, Bhattacharyya N, Ryan T, Gakpo D, Raychaudhuri S, Dwyer D, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Barrett NA. Type 2 inflammation drives an airway basal stem cell program through insulin receptor substrate signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1536-1549. [PMID: 36804595 PMCID: PMC10784786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a type 2 (T2) inflammatory disease associated with an increased number of airway basal cells (BCs). Recent studies have identified transcriptionally distinct BCs, but the molecular pathways that support or inhibit human BC proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of T2 cytokines in regulating airway BCs. METHODS Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing of sinus and lung airway epithelial cells was analyzed. Human sinus BCs were stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 in the presence and absence of inhibitors of IL-4R signaling. Confocal analysis of human sinus tissue and murine airway was performed. Murine BC subsets were sorted for RNA sequencing and functional assays. Fate labeling was performed in a murine model of tracheal injury and regeneration. RESULTS Two subsets of BCs were found in human and murine respiratory mucosa distinguished by the expression of basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM). BCAM expression identifies airway stem cells among P63+KRT5+NGFR+ BCs. In the sinonasal mucosa, BCAMhi BCs expressing TSLP, IL33, CCL26, and the canonical BC transcription factor TP63 are increased in patients with CRSwNP. In cultured BCs, IL-4/IL-13 increases the expression of BCAM and TP63 through an insulin receptor substrate-dependent signaling pathway that is increased in CRSwNP. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish BCAM as a marker of airway stem cells among the BC pool and demonstrate that airway epithelial remodeling in T2 inflammation extends beyond goblet cell metaplasia to the support of a BC stem state poised to perpetuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nils R Hallen
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Minkyu Lee
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sachin Samuchiwal
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Qihua Ye
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alice Z Maxfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Rachel E Roditi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Regan W Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass
| | - Tessa Ryan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Deb Gakpo
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Divisions of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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12
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Fisher ML, Balinth S, Mills AA. ΔNp63α in cancer: importance and therapeutic opportunities. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:280-292. [PMID: 36115734 PMCID: PMC10011024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of cancer and the key pathways that drive cancer survival has expanded rapidly over the past several decades. However, there are still important challenges that continue to impair patient survival, including our inability to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), metastasis, and drug resistance. The transcription factor p63 is a p53 family member with multiple isoforms that carry out a wide array of functions. Here, we discuss the critical importance of the ΔNp63α isoform in cancer and potential therapeutic strategies to target ΔNp63α expression to impair the CSC population, as well as to prevent metastasis and drug resistance to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Fisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Seamus Balinth
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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13
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Cao WS, Zhao MJ, Chen Y, Zhu JY, Xie CF, Li XT, Geng SS, Zhong CY, Fu JY, Wu JS. Low-dose phthalates promote breast cancer stem cell properties via the oncogene ΔNp63α and the Sonic hedgehog pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114605. [PMID: 36753971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The omnipresence of human phthalate (PAE) exposure is linked to various adverse health issues, including breast cancer. However, the effects of low-dose PAE exposure on breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and the underlying mechanism remain unexplored. METHODS BCSCs from breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were enriched using a tumorsphere formation assay. Gene and protein expression was detected by measurement of quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. Transient transfection assays were used to evaluate the involvement of Gli1, a signaling pathway molecule and ΔNp63α, an oncogene in influencing the PAE-induced characteristics of BCSCs. RESULTS PAE (butylbenzyl phthalate, BBP; di-butyl phthalate, DBP; di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP) exposure of 10-9 M significantly promoted the tumorsphere formation ability in BCSCs. Breast cancer spheroids with a 10-9 M PAE exposure had higher levels of BCSC marker mRNA and protein expression, activated sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, and increased mRNA and protein levels of an oncogene, ΔNp63α. Furthermore, suppression of the SHH pathway attenuated the effects of PAEs on BCSCs. And the overexpression of ΔNp63α enhanced PAE-induced characteristics of BCSCs, while low expression of ΔNp63α inhibited the promotion effects of PAEs on BCSCs and the SHH pathway. CONCLUSION Low-dose PAE exposure promoted the stem cell properties of BCSCs in a ΔNp63α- and SHH-dependent manner. The influence of low-dose exposure of PAEs and its relevance for the lowest observed effect concentrations requires further investigation, and the precise underlying mechanism needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Shuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meng-Jiu Zhao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jian-Yun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chun-Feng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shan-Shan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cai-Yun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin-Yan Fu
- Department of Nutrition, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Jie-Shu Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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14
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Xu Y, Yang X, Xiong Q, Han J, Zhu Q. The dual role of p63 in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116061. [PMID: 37182132 PMCID: PMC10174455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 family is made up of three transcription factors: p53, p63, and p73. These proteins are well-known regulators of cell function and play a crucial role in controlling various processes related to cancer progression, including cell division, proliferation, genomic stability, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. In response to extra- or intracellular stress or oncogenic stimulation, all members of the p53 family are mutated in structure or altered in expression levels to affect the signaling network, coordinating many other pivotal cellular processes. P63 exists as two main isoforms (TAp63 and ΔNp63) that have been contrastingly discovered; the TA and ΔN isoforms exhibit distinguished properties by promoting or inhibiting cancer progression. As such, p63 isoforms comprise a fully mysterious and challenging regulatory pathway. Recent studies have revealed the intricate role of p63 in regulating the DNA damage response (DDR) and its impact on diverse cellular processes. In this review, we will highlight the significance of how p63 isoforms respond to DNA damage and cancer stem cells, as well as the dual role of TAp63 and ΔNp63 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Xu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunli Xiong
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu, ; Junhong Han,
| | - Qing Zhu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu, ; Junhong Han,
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15
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Verma S, Bakshi D, Bhat GR, Bhat A, Shah R, Sharma B, Wakhloo A, Heer V, Chander G, Kumar R. Genetic analysis of polymorphism rs10937405 of TP63 gene in breast and ovarian cancer patients of North Indian Cohort. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:214-217. [PMID: 37006060 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1517_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian and breast cancers are highly prevalent in the population of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). However, case-control association studies on breast and ovarian cancers are lacking in this population. Moreover, no case-control study is available on variant rs10937405 of TP63 in breast and ovarian cancers. Thus, we designed to replicate the cancer susceptible variant rs10937405 of TP63 in ovarian and breast cancers in the population of J&K because the TP63 gene act as a tumor suppressor gene and was previously associated with various cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control association study conducted at the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, includes 150 breast, 150 ovarian cancer cases, and 210 healthy controls (age and sex-matched). Variant rs10937405 of the TP63 gene was determined by the TaqMan assay. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the variant was assessed using the Chi-square test. The allele and genotype-specific risks were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS In this study, variant rs10937405 of TP63 gene did not show any risk with ovarian and breast cancer with (P-value = 0.70) having OR 0.94, (0.69-1.28 at 95% CI) and (P-value = 0.16) having OR 0.80, (0.59-1.10). DISCUSSION Our results indicate that the variant rs10937405 of the TP63 gene did not impart any risk of breast and ovarian cancer in the population of J&K. Our results indicate that a larger sample size is needed for further statistical validation. As the study was for a particular variant, it warrants the analysis of other variants of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Verma
- Scientist "B" at Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Advance Research, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Divya Bakshi
- Research Scholar at School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gh Rasool Bhat
- Research Scholar at School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amrita Bhat
- Research Scholar at School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Kashmir University, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- Research Scholar at School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ajay Wakhloo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vikas Heer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Super Specialty Narayana Hospital, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gresh Chander
- Scientist "B" at Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Advance Research, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Scientist "B" at Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Advance Research, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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16
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Lambert AW, Fiore C, Chutake Y, Verhaar ER, Strasser PC, Chen MW, Farouq D, Das S, Li X, Eaton EN, Zhang Y, Liu Donaher J, Engstrom I, Reinhardt F, Yuan B, Gupta S, Wollison B, Eaton M, Bierie B, Carulli J, Olson ER, Guenther MG, Weinberg RA. ΔNp63/p73 drive metastatic colonization by controlling a regenerative epithelial stem cell program in quasi-mesenchymal cancer stem cells. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2714-2730.e8. [PMID: 36538894 PMCID: PMC10002472 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may serve as the cellular seeds of tumor recurrence and metastasis, and they can be generated via epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs). Isolating pure populations of CSCs is difficult because EMT programs generate multiple alternative cell states, and phenotypic plasticity permits frequent interconversions between these states. Here, we used cell-surface expression of integrin β4 (ITGB4) to isolate highly enriched populations of human breast CSCs, and we identified the gene regulatory network operating in ITGB4+ CSCs. Specifically, we identified ΔNp63 and p73, the latter of which transactivates ΔNp63, as centrally important transcriptional regulators of quasi-mesenchymal CSCs that reside in an intermediate EMT state. We found that the transcriptional program controlled by ΔNp63 in CSCs is largely distinct from the one that it orchestrates in normal basal mammary stem cells and, instead, it more closely resembles a regenerative epithelial stem cell response to wounding. Moreover, quasi-mesenchymal CSCs repurpose this program to drive metastatic colonization via autocrine EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur W Lambert
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Elisha R Verhaar
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sunny Das
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elinor Ng Eaton
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Joana Liu Donaher
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ian Engstrom
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Bierie
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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17
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Hamad M, Ali A, Muhammad JS. BRD4 regulates the induction and maintenance of cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma. Stem Cell Investig 2022; 9:6. [PMID: 36393920 PMCID: PMC9640355 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amjad Ali
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Agostini M, Mancini M, Candi E. Long non-coding RNAs affecting cell metabolism in cancer. Biol Direct 2022; 17:26. [PMID: 36182907 PMCID: PMC9526990 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-022-00341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is commonly recognized as one important hallmark of cancers. Cancer cells present significant alteration of glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism. Recent findings demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs control cancer development and progression by modulating cell metabolism. Here, we give an overview of breast cancer metabolic reprogramming and the role of long non-coding RNAs in driving cancer-specific metabolic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agostini
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", TOR, Via Montpellier,1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", TOR, Via Montpellier,1, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00166, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Wang L, Jin Z, Master RP, Maharjan CK, Carelock ME, Reccoppa TBA, Kim MC, Kolb R, Zhang W. Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Signaling Pathways, Cellular Interactions, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3287. [PMID: 35805056 PMCID: PMC9265870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) constitute a small population of cells within breast cancer and are characterized by their ability to self-renew, differentiate, and recapitulate the heterogeneity of the tumor. Clinically, BCSCs have been correlated with cancer progression, metastasis, relapse, and drug resistance. The tumorigenic roles of BCSCs have been extensively reviewed and will not be the major focus of the current review. Here, we aim to highlight how the crucial intrinsic signaling pathways regulate the fate of BCSCs, including the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as how different cell populations crosstalk with BCSCs within the TME, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Based on the molecular and cellular activities of BCSCs, we will also summarize the targeting strategies for BCSCs and related clinical trials. This review will highlight that BCSC development in breast cancer is impacted by both BCSC endogenous signaling and external factors in the TME, which provides an insight into how to establish a comprehensively therapeutic strategy to target BCSCs for breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Immunology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zeng Jin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rohan P. Master
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Madison E. Carelock
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tiffany B. A. Reccoppa
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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20
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Lee MY. Embryonic Programs in Cancer and Metastasis—Insights From the Mammary Gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:938625. [PMID: 35846378 PMCID: PMC9277484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.938625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized as a reversion of a differentiated cell to a primitive cell state that recapitulates, in many aspects, features of embryonic cells. This review explores the current knowledge of developmental mechanisms that are essential for embryonic mouse mammary gland development, with a particular focus on genes and signaling pathway components that are essential for the induction, morphogenesis, and lineage specification of the mammary gland. The roles of these same genes and signaling pathways in mammary gland or breast tumorigenesis and metastasis are then summarized. Strikingly, key embryonic developmental pathways are often reactivated or dysregulated during tumorigenesis and metastasis in processes such as aberrant proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stem cell potency which affects cellular lineage hierarchy. These observations are in line with findings from recent studies using lineage tracing as well as bulk- and single-cell transcriptomics that have uncovered features of embryonic cells in cancer and metastasis through the identification of cell types, cell states and characterisation of their dynamic changes. Given the many overlapping features and similarities of the molecular signatures of normal development and cancer, embryonic molecular signatures could be useful prognostic markers for cancer. In this way, the study of embryonic development will continue to complement the understanding of the mechanisms of cancer and aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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21
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Chen Y, Wang MH, Wu JY, Zhu JY, Xie CF, Li XT, Wu JS, Geng SS, Li YD, Han HY, Zhong CY. ΔNp63α mediates sulforaphane suppressed colorectal cancer stem cell properties through transcriptional regulation of Nanog/Oct4/Sox2. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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ΔNp63-Senataxin circuit controls keratinocyte differentiation by promoting the transcriptional termination of epidermal genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2104718119. [PMID: 35235452 PMCID: PMC8915885 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104718119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ΔNp63 is a master regulator of skin homeostasis since it finely controls keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Here, we provide cellular and molecular evidence demonstrating the functional role of a ΔNp63 interactor, the R-loop–resolving enzyme Senataxin (SETX), in fine-tuning keratinocyte differentiation. We found that SETX physically binds the p63 DNA–binding motif present in two early epidermal differentiation genes, Keratin 1 (KRT1) and ZNF750, facilitating R-loop removal over their 3′ ends and thus allowing efficient transcriptional termination and gene expression. These molecular events translate into the inability of SETX-depleted keratinocytes to undergo the correct epidermal differentiation program. Remarkably, SETX is dysregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of skin disorders. ΔNp63, a master regulator of epithelial biology, is involved in regulating epithelial stem cell function, maintaining the integrity of stratified epithelial cells, and committing epidermal cells to the differentiation program. To this end, ΔNp63 exploits several direct mechanisms. Here, we elucidated a mechanism whereby ΔNp63 efficiently sustains the expression of epidermal differentiation genes. We show that ΔNp63 interacts with Senataxin (SETX), an RNA/DNA helicase able to resolve the R-loop intermediates over the GC-rich termination sites of coding genes. Notably, we found that SETX and ΔNp63 coregulate a subset of genes involved in the early step of the keratinocyte differentiation program. At the molecular level, SETX physically binds the p63 DNA–binding motifs present in two early epidermal differentiation genes, Keratin 1 (KRT1) and ZNF750, facilitating R-loop removal over their 3′ ends and thus promoting efficient transcriptional termination and gene expression. Remarkably, SETX loss affects the activation of the proper epidermal differentiation program in vitro and impacts epidermal layer stratification in organotypic human skin. Furthermore, we found that SETX is mutated or downmodulated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and SETX gene mutation is a negative prognostic factor for cutaneous SCC patient survival. Collectively, our results unveil SETX as a molecular player of skin homeostasis potentially involved in hyperproliferative skin disorders.
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23
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Wang F, Huang X, Sun Y, Li Z, Sun R, Zhao T, Wang M, Yan C, Liu P. Sulforaphane regulates the proliferation of leukemia stem-like cells via Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Munne PM, Martikainen L, Räty I, Bertula K, Nonappa, Ruuska J, Ala-Hongisto H, Peura A, Hollmann B, Euro L, Yavuz K, Patrikainen L, Salmela M, Pokki J, Kivento M, Väänänen J, Suomi T, Nevalaita L, Mutka M, Kovanen P, Leidenius M, Meretoja T, Hukkinen K, Monni O, Pouwels J, Sahu B, Mattson J, Joensuu H, Heikkilä P, Elo LL, Metcalfe C, Junttila MR, Ikkala O, Klefström J. Compressive stress-mediated p38 activation required for ERα + phenotype in breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6967. [PMID: 34845227 PMCID: PMC8630031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is now globally the most frequent cancer and leading cause of women's death. Two thirds of breast cancers express the luminal estrogen receptor-positive (ERα + ) phenotype that is initially responsive to antihormonal therapies, but drug resistance emerges. A major barrier to the understanding of the ERα-pathway biology and therapeutic discoveries is the restricted repertoire of luminal ERα + breast cancer models. The ERα + phenotype is not stable in cultured cells for reasons not fully understood. We examine 400 patient-derived breast epithelial and breast cancer explant cultures (PDECs) grown in various three-dimensional matrix scaffolds, finding that ERα is primarily regulated by the matrix stiffness. Matrix stiffness upregulates the ERα signaling via stress-mediated p38 activation and H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic regulation. The finding that the matrix stiffness is a central cue to the ERα phenotype reveals a mechanobiological component in breast tissue hormonal signaling and enables the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Subject terms: ER-positive (ER + ), breast cancer, ex vivo model, preclinical model, PDEC, stiffness, p38 SAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina M Munne
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lahja Martikainen
- Department of Applied Physics, Molecular Materials Group, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box, 15100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiris Räty
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kia Bertula
- Department of Applied Physics, Molecular Materials Group, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box, 15100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Department of Applied Physics, Molecular Materials Group, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box, 15100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Espoo, Finland
| | - Janika Ruuska
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ala-Hongisto
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Peura
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Babette Hollmann
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lilya Euro
- Research Program of Stem Cells and Metabolism, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerim Yavuz
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Enhancer Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Patrikainen
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Salmela
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Pokki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Kivento
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Oncogenomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Väänänen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Oncogenomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Liina Nevalaita
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Mutka
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu Kovanen
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjut Leidenius
- Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Meretoja
- Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Hukkinen
- Department of Mammography, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Monni
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Oncogenomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeroen Pouwels
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Biswajyoti Sahu
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Enhancer Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Mattson
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ciara Metcalfe
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Molecular Materials Group, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box, 15100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha Klefström
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki. Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, PO Box 63 Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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25
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Lena AM, Foffi E, Agostini M, Mancini M, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Aberdam D, Velletri T, Shi Y, Melino G, Wang Y, Candi E. TAp63 regulates bone remodeling by modulating the expression of TNFRSF11B/Osteoprotegerin. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2428-2441. [PMID: 34763601 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1985772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RUNX2, Run-trelated transcription factor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Foffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tania Velletri
- Cogentech Società Benefit Srl, Parco Scientifico E Tecnologico Della Sicilia, Catania, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- Cas Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ying Wang
- Cas Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta, Rome, IT
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26
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Beyond the Double-Strand Breaks: The Role of DNA Repair Proteins in Cancer Stem-Cell Regulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194818. [PMID: 34638302 PMCID: PMC8508278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a tumor cell population maintaining tumor growth and promoting tumor relapse if not wholly eradicated during treatment. CSCs are often equipped with molecular mechanisms making them resistant to conventional anti-cancer therapies whose curative potential depends on DNA damage-induced cell death. An elevated expression of some key DNA repair proteins is one of such defense mechanisms. However, new research reveals that the role of critical DNA repair proteins is extending far beyond the DNA repair mechanisms. This review discusses the diverse biological functions of DNA repair proteins in CSC maintenance and the adaptation to replication and oxidative stress, anti-cancer immune response, epigenetic reprogramming, and intracellular signaling mechanisms. It also provides an overview of their potential therapeutic targeting. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are pluripotent and highly tumorigenic cells that can re-populate a tumor and cause relapses even after initially successful therapy. As with tissue stem cells, CSCs possess enhanced DNA repair mechanisms. An active DNA damage response alleviates the increased oxidative and replicative stress and leads to therapy resistance. On the other hand, mutations in DNA repair genes cause genomic instability, therefore driving tumor evolution and developing highly aggressive CSC phenotypes. However, the role of DNA repair proteins in CSCs extends beyond the level of DNA damage. In recent years, more and more studies have reported the unexpected role of DNA repair proteins in the regulation of transcription, CSC signaling pathways, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, DNA damage signaling plays an essential role in the immune response towards tumor cells. Due to its high importance for the CSC phenotype and treatment resistance, the DNA damage response is a promising target for individualized therapies. Furthermore, understanding the dependence of CSC on DNA repair pathways can be therapeutically exploited to induce synthetic lethality and sensitize CSCs to anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the different roles of DNA repair proteins in CSC maintenance and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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27
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Pakvasa M, Tucker AB, Shen T, He TC, Reid RR. The Pleiotropic Intricacies of Hedgehog Signaling: From Craniofacial Patterning to Carcinogenesis. FACE (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2021; 2:260-274. [PMID: 35812774 PMCID: PMC9268505 DOI: 10.1177/27325016211024326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling was discovered more than 40 years ago in experiments demonstrating that it is a fundamental mediator of limb development. Since that time, it has been shown to be important in development, homeostasis, and disease. The hedgehog pathway proceeds through a pathway highly conserved throughout animals beginning with the extracellular diffusion of hedgehog ligands, proceeding through an intracellular signaling cascade, and ending with the activation of specific target genes. A vast amount of research has been done elucidating hedgehog signaling mechanisms and regulation. This research has found a complex system of genetics and signaling that helps determine how organisms develop and function. This review provides an overview of what is known about hedgehog genetics and signaling, followed by an in-depth discussion of the role of hedgehog signaling in craniofacial development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pakvasa
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew B. Tucker
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Timothy Shen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
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28
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Marchetti P, Antonov A, Anemona L, Vangapandou C, Montanaro M, Botticelli A, Mauriello A, Melino G, Catani MV. New immunological potential markers for triple negative breast cancer: IL18R1, CD53, TRIM, Jaw1, LTB, PTPRCAP. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 35201443 PMCID: PMC8777524 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, and settings of specific prognostic factors and efficacious therapies are made difficult by phenotypic heterogeneity of BC subtypes. Therefore, there is a current urgent need to define novel predictive genetic predictors that may be useful for stratifying patients with distinct prognostic outcomes. Here, we looked for novel molecular signatures for triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). By a bioinformatic approach, we identified a panel of genes, whose expression was positively correlated with disease-free survival in TNBC patients, namely IL18R1, CD53, TRIM, Jaw1, LTB, and PTPRCAP, showing specific immune expression profiles linked to survival prediction; most of these genes are indeed expressed in immune cells and are required for productive lymphocyte activation. According to our hypothesis, these genes were not, or poorly, expressed in different TNBC cell lines, derived from either primary breast tumours or metastatic pleural effusions. This conclusion was further supported in vivo, as immuno-histochemical analysis on biopsies of TNBC invasive ductal carcinomas highlighted differential expression of these six genes in cancer cells, as well as in intra- and peri-tumoral infiltrating lymphocytes. Our data open to the possibility that inter-tumour heterogeneity of immune markers might have predictive value; further investigations are recommended in order to establish the real power of cancer-related immune profiles as prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marchetti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexey Antonov
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chaitania Vangapandou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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29
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Butera A, Cassandri M, Rugolo F, Agostini M, Melino G. The ZNF750-RAC1 axis as potential prognostic factor for breast cancer. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:135. [PMID: 33298895 PMCID: PMC7701147 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human zinc finger (C2H2-type) protein ZNF750 is a transcription factor regulated by p63 that plays a critical role in epithelial tissues homoeostasis, as well as being involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Indeed, missense mutations, truncation and genomic deletion have been found in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In keeping, we showed that ZNF750 negatively regulates cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells; in particular, ZNF750 binds and recruits KDM1A and HDAC1 on the LAMB3 and CTNNAL1 promoters. This interaction, in turn, represses the transcription of LAMB3 and CTNNAL1 genes, which are involved in cell migration and invasion. Given that ZNF750 is emerging as a crucial transcription factor that acts as tumour suppressor gene, here, we show that ZNF750 represses the expression of the small GTPase, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) in breast cancer cell lines, by directly binding its promoter region. In keeping with ZNF750 controlling RAC1 expression, we found an inverse correlation between ZNF750 and RAC1 in human breast cancer datasets. More importantly, we found a significant upregulation of RAC1 in human breast cancer datasets and we identified a direct correlation between RAC1 expression and the survival rate of breast cancer patient. Overall, our findings provide a novel molecular mechanism by which ZNF750 acts as tumour suppressor gene. Hence, we report a potential clinical relevance of ZNF750/RAC1 axis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Butera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rugolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
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30
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TAp63α targeting of Lgr5 mediates colorectal cancer stem cell properties and sulforaphane inhibition. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:89. [PMID: 33040081 PMCID: PMC7548006 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have an established role in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The p63 proteins are important transcription factors which belong to the p53 family, but their function and mechanism in CSCs remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of TAp63α in colorectal CSCs and the effects of sulforaphane on TAp63α. We found that TAp63α was upregulated in spheres with stem cell properties compared to the parental cells. Overexpression of TAp63α promoted self-renewal capacity and enhanced CSC markers expression in colorectal sphere-forming cells. Furthermore, we showed that TAp63α directly bound to the promoter region of Lgr5 to enhance its expression and activate its downstream β-catenin pathway. Functional experiments revealed that sulforaphane suppressed the stemness of colorectal CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of TAp63α attenuated the inhibitory effect of sulforaphane on colorectal CSCs, indicating the role of TAp63α in sulforaphane suppression of the stemness in colorectal cancer. The present study elucidated for the first time that TAp63α promoted CSCs through targeting Lgr5/β-catenin axis and participated in sulforaphane inhibition of the stem cell properties in colorectal cancer.
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31
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Bhat-Nakshatri P, Kumar B, Simpson E, Ludwig KK, Cox ML, Gao H, Liu Y, Nakshatri H. Breast Cancer Cell Detection and Characterization from Breast Milk-Derived Cells. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4828-4839. [PMID: 32934021 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiologic techniques remain the main method for early detection for breast cancer and are critical to achieve a favorable outcome from cancer. However, more sensitive detection methods to complement radiologic techniques are needed to enhance early detection and treatment strategies. Using our recently established culturing method that allows propagation of normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells of luminal origin, flow cytometry characterization, and genomic sequencing, we show that cancer cells can be detected in breast milk. Cells derived from milk from the breast with cancer were enriched for CD49f+/EpCAM-, CD44+/CD24-, and CD271+ cancer stem-like cells (CSC). These CSCs carried mutations within the cytoplasmic retention domain of HDAC6, stop/gain insertion in MORF4L1, and deletion mutations within SWI/SNF complex component SMARCC2. CSCs were sensitive to HDAC6 inhibitors, BET bromodomain inhibitors, and EZH2 inhibitors, as mutations in SWI/SNF complex components are known to increase sensitivity to these drugs. Among cells derived from breast milk of additional ten women not known to have breast cancer, two of them contained cells that were enriched for the CSC phenotype and carried mutations in NF1 or KMT2D, which are frequently mutated in breast cancer. Breast milk-derived cells with NF1 mutations also carried copy-number variations in CDKN2C, PTEN, and REL genes. The approach described here may enable rapid cancer cell characterization including driver mutation detection and therapeutic screening for pregnancy/postpartum breast cancers. Furthermore, this method can be developed as a surveillance or early detection tool for women at high risk for developing breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings describe how a simple method for characterization of cancer cells in pregnancy and postpartum breast cancer can be exploited as a surveillance tool for women at risk of developing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ed Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kandice K Ludwig
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mary L Cox
- IU Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,IU Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,IU Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Abstract
p63 (also known as TP63) is a transcription factor of the p53 family, along with p73. Multiple isoforms of p63 have been discovered and these have diverse functions encompassing a wide array of cell biology. p63 isoforms are implicated in lineage specification, proliferative potential, differentiation, cell death and survival, DNA damage response and metabolism. Furthermore, p63 is linked to human disease states including cancer. p63 is critical to many aspects of cell signaling, and in this Cell science at a glance article and the accompanying poster, we focus on the signaling cascades regulating TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms and those that are regulated by TAp63 and ΔNp63, as well the role of p63 in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Fisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Seamus Balinth
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.,Stony Brook University, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
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33
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Lin CC, Kuo IY, Wu LT, Kuan WH, Liao SY, Jen J, Yang YE, Tang CW, Chen YR, Wang YC. Dysregulated Kras/YY1/ZNF322A/Shh transcriptional axis enhances neo-angiogenesis to promote lung cancer progression. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10001-10015. [PMID: 32929330 PMCID: PMC7481419 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis enhances cancer metastasis and progression, however, the roles of transcription regulation in angiogenesis are not fully defined. ZNF322A is an oncogenic zinc-finger transcription factor. Here, we demonstrate a new mechanism of Kras mutation-driven ZNF322A transcriptional activation and elucidate the interplay between ZNF322A and its upstream transcriptional regulators and downstream transcriptional targets in promoting neo-angiogenesis. Methods: Luciferase activity, RT-qPCR and ChIP-qPCR assays were used to examine transcription regulation in cell models. In vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays were conducted. Immunohistochemistry, Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression assays were performed to examine the clinical correlation in tumor specimens from lung cancer patients. Results: We validated that Yin Yang 1 (YY1) upregulated ZNF322A expression through targeting its promoter in the context of Kras mutation. Reconstitution experiments by knocking down YY1 under KrasG13V activation decreased KrasG13V-promoted cancer cell migration, proliferation and ZNF322A promoter activity. Knockdown of YY1 or ZNF322A attenuated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we validated that ZNF322A upregulated the expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene which encodes a secreted factor that activates pro-angiogenic responses in endothelial cells. Clinically, ZNF322A protein expression positively correlated with Shh and CD31, an endothelial cell marker, in 133 lung cancer patient samples determined using immunohistochemistry analysis. Notably, patients with concordantly high expression of ZNF322A, Shh and CD31 correlated with poor prognosis. Conclusions: These findings highlight the mechanism by which dysregulation of Kras/YY1/ZNF322/Shh transcriptional axis enhances neo-angiogenesis and cancer progression in lung cancer. Therapeutic strategies that target Kras/YY1/ZNF322A/Shh signaling axis may provide new insight on targeted therapy for lung cancer patients.
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34
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Sterneck E, Poria DK, Balamurugan K. Slug and E-Cadherin: Stealth Accomplices? Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:138. [PMID: 32760736 PMCID: PMC7371942 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During physiological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is important for embryogenesis and wound healing, epithelial cells activate a program to remodel their structure and achieve a mesenchymal fate. In cancer cells, EMT confers increased invasiveness and tumor-initiating capacity, which contribute to metastasis and resistance to therapeutics. However, cellular plasticity that navigates between epithelial and mesenchymal states and maintenance of a hybrid or partial E/M phenotype appears to be even more important for cancer progression. Besides other core EMT transcription factors, the well-characterized Snail-family proteins Snail (SNAI1) and Slug (SNAI2) play important roles in both physiological and pathological EMT. Often mentioned in unison, they do, however, differ in their functions in many scenarios. Indeed, Slug expression does not always correlate with complete EMT or loss of E-cadherin (CDH1). For example, Slug plays important roles in mammary epithelial cell progenitor cell lineage commitment and differentiation, DNA damage responses, hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, and in pathologies such as pulmonary fibrosis and atherosclerosis. In this Perspective, we highlight Slug functions in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer as a “non-EMT factor” in basal epithelial cells and stem cells with focus reports that demonstrate co-expression of Slug and E-cadherin. We speculate that Slug and E-cadherin may cooperate in normal mammary gland and breast cancer/stem cells and advocate for functional assessment of such Slug+/E-cadherinlow/+ (SNAI2+/CDH1low/+) “basal-like epithelial” cells. Thus, Slug may be regarded as less of an EMT factor than driver of the basal epithelial cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Dipak K Poria
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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35
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Westcott JM, Camacho S, Nasir A, Huysman ME, Rahhal R, Dang TT, Riegel AT, Brekken RA, Pearson GW. ΔNp63-Regulated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition State Heterogeneity Confers a Leader-Follower Relationship That Drives Collective Invasion. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3933-3944. [PMID: 32661136 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Defining how interactions between tumor subpopulations contribute to invasion is essential for understanding how tumors metastasize. Here, we find that the heterogeneous expression of the transcription factor ΔNp63 confers distinct proliferative and invasive epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states in subpopulations that establish a leader-follower relationship to collectively invade. A ΔNp63-high EMT program coupled the ability to proliferate with an IL1α- and miR-205-dependent suppression of cellular protrusions that are required to initiate collective invasion. An alternative ΔNp63-low EMT program conferred cells with the ability to initiate and lead collective invasion. However, this ΔNp63-low EMT state triggered a collateral loss of fitness. Importantly, rare growth-suppressed ΔNp63-low EMT cells influenced tumor progression by leading the invasion of proliferative ΔNp63-high EMT cells in heterogeneous primary tumors. Thus, heterogeneous activation of distinct EMT programs promotes a mode of collective invasion that overcomes cell intrinsic phenotypic deficiencies to induce the dissemination of proliferative tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal how an interaction between cells in different EMT states confers properties that are not induced by either EMT program alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Westcott
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sharon Camacho
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Molly E Huysman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Raneen Rahhal
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Tuyen T Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anna T Riegel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Gray W Pearson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
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36
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Ying L, Fei X, Jialun L, Jianpeng X, Jie W, Zhaolin M, Hongjia F, Huan F, Sha L, Qiuju W, Lin Y, Cuicui L, You P, Weiwei Z, Lulu W, Jiemin W, Jing L, Jing F. SETDB2 promoted breast cancer stem cell maintenance by interaction with and stabilization of ΔNp63α protein. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2180-2191. [PMID: 32549764 PMCID: PMC7294945 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.43611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB2 is involved in cell cycle dysregulation in acute leukemia and has oncogenic roles in gastric cancer. In our study, we found that SETDB2 plays essential roles in breast cancer stem cell maintenance. Depleted SETDB2 significantly decreased the breast cancer stem cell population and mammosphere formation in vitro and also inhibited breast tumor initiation and growth in vivo. Restoring SETDB2 expression rescued the defect in breast cancer stem cell maintenance. A mechanistic analysis showed that SETDB2 upregulated the transcription of the ΔNp63α downstream Hedgehog pathway gene. SETDB2 also interacted with and methylated ΔNp63α, and stabilized ΔNp63α protein. Restoring ΔNp63α expression rescued the breast cancer stem cell maintenance defect which mediated by SETDB2 knockdown. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel function of SETDB2 in cancer stem cell maintenance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ying
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Xie Fei
- Department of clinical laboratory, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 29 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Li Jialun
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao Jianpeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wang Jie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei Zhaolin
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Fan Hongjia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Huan
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Li Sha
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wu Qiuju
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Liu Cuicui
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Peng You
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Zhao Weiwei
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wang Lulu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wong Jiemin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Feng Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China.,Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, China
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37
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Jiang Y, Zhuo X, Mao C. G Protein-coupled Receptors in Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1952-1963. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200305130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly expressed on a variety of tumour tissues while several
GPCR exogenous ligands become marketed pharmaceuticals. In recent decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) become
widely investigated drug targets for cancer therapy but the underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated.
There are vigorous participations of GPCRs in CSCs-related signalling and functions, such as biomarkers for
CSCs, activation of Wnt, Hedgehog (HH) and other signalling to facilitate CSCs progressions. This relationship
can not only uncover a novel molecular mechanism for GPCR-mediated cancer cell functions but also assist our
understanding of maintaining and modulating CSCs. Moreover, GPCR antagonists and monoclonal antibodies
could be applied to impair CSCs functions and consequently attenuate tumour growth, some of which have been
undergoing clinical studies and are anticipated to turn into marketed anticancer drugs. Therefore, this review
summarizes and provides sufficient evidences on the regulation of GPCR signalling in the maintenance, differentiation
and pluripotency of CSCs, suggesting that targeting GPCRs on the surface of CSCs could be potential
therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhuo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Canquan Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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38
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Cassandri M, Butera A, Amelio I, Lena AM, Montanaro M, Mauriello A, Anemona L, Candi E, Knight RA, Agostini M, Melino G. ZNF750 represses breast cancer invasion via epigenetic control of prometastatic genes. Oncogene 2020; 39:4331-4343. [PMID: 32313225 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, largely due to the progression of a significant fraction of primary tumours to the metastatic stage. Here, we show that zinc-finger protein 750 (ZNF750) opposes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by repressing a prometastatic transcriptional programme, which includes genes involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions, such as LAMB3 and CTNNAL1. Mechanistically, ZNF750 recruits the epigenetic modifiers KDM1A and HDAC1 to the promoter regions of LAMB3 and CTNNAL1, influencing histone marks and transactivating these genomic sites. Gene expression analysis in cancer patient datasets indicated that ZNF750 and its targets were negative prognostic factors in breast cancer. Together, our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism by which ZNF750 regulates cell migration and invasion, suggesting a role in breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Butera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pathology, MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 106, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Department of Pathology, MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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39
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Transcriptional suppression of AMPKα1 promotes breast cancer metastasis upon oncogene activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8013-8021. [PMID: 32193335 PMCID: PMC7148563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914786117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic hotspot mutations in PIK3CA and overexpression of HER2 are known as a driving force for human breast cancer metastasis. AMPK is pivotal in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrate that transcription inhibition of AMPKα1 is critically important in human advanced breast cancer with poor clinical outcomes, that AMPKα1 is transcriptionally inhibited in response to activation of PI3K/HER2, and that ΔNp63α, a tumor metastasis suppressor, is a direct transcriptional factor mediating oncogenic PI3K/HER2-induced transcriptional suppression of AMPKα1. In addition, inhibition of AMPK leads to disruption of cell–cell adhesion and promotes cancer metastasis. This study highlights a critical role for AMPK in the connection of cell–cell adhesion and cancer metastasis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as an energy sensor and is pivotal in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. Numerous studies have shown that down-regulation of AMPK kinase activity or protein stability not only lead to abnormality of metabolism but also contribute to tumor development. However, whether transcription regulation of AMPK plays a critical role in cancer metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that AMPKα1 expression is down-regulated in advanced human breast cancer and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Transcription of AMPKα1 is inhibited on activation of PI3K and HER2 through ΔNp63α. Ablation of AMPKα1 expression or inhibition of AMPK kinase activity leads to disruption of E-cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion in vitro and increased tumor metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, restoration of AMPKα1 expression significantly rescues PI3K/HER2-induced disruption of cell–cell adhesion, cell invasion, and cancer metastasis. Together, these results demonstrate that the transcription control is another layer of AMPK regulation and suggest a critical role for AMPK in regulating cell–cell adhesion and cancer metastasis.
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40
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Basal-Type Breast Cancer Stem Cells Over-Express Chromosomal Passenger Complex Proteins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030709. [PMID: 32183150 PMCID: PMC7140627 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Aim: In the present paper we analyzed the transcriptome of CSCs (Cancer Stem Cells), in order to find defining molecular processes of breast cancer. (2) Methods: We performed RNA-Seq from CSCs isolated from the basal cell line MDA-MB-468. Enriched processes and networks were studied using the IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) tool. Validation was performed with qRT-PCR and the analysis of relevant genes was evaluated by overexpression, flow cytometry and in vivo zebrafish studies. Finally, the clinical relevance of these results was assessed using reported cohorts. (3) Results: We found that CSCs presented marked differences from the non-CSCs, including enrichment in transduction cascades related to stemness, cellular growth, proliferation and apoptosis. Interestingly, CSCs overexpressed a module of co-regulated Chromosomal Passenger Proteins including BIRC5 (survivin), INCENP and AURKB. Overexpression of BIRC5 increased the number of CSCs, as assessed by in vitro and in vivo zebrafish xenotransplant analyses. Analysis of previously published cohorts showed that this co-regulated module was not only overexpressed in basal breast tumors but also associated with relapse-free and overall survival in these patients. (4) Conclusions: These results underline the importance of Cancer Stem Cells in breast cancer progression and point toward the possible use of chromosomal passenger proteins as prognostic factors.
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41
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Hao Y, Ren G, Yang W, Zheng W, Wu Y, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Guo X. Combination diagnosis with elastography strain ratio and molecular markers effectively improves the diagnosis rate of small breast cancer and lymph node metastasis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:678-691. [PMID: 32269928 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2020.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the strain ratio (SR) combined with molecular pathological and serum markers for the diagnosis of breast masses. Methods SR and 7-point scale elasticity scores were used with real-time tissue elastography and 2-dimensional color-Doppler ultrasound (US) to diagnose breast lesions in 311 hospitalized patients. Immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to examine pathological and serum tumor markers and their correlations with SR findings. Results SR had a higher diagnostic value compared to the 7-point scale elasticity score, displaying an obvious low-to-high distribution from benign to malignant lesions with an optimal cutoff point at 3.88, which yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.896 with 89.1% sensitivity, 85.6% specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 91.0% and 82.8%, respectively. The differences of SR values between small (≤1.5 cm), large (>3 cm) (P=0.010), and moderate (>1.5 cm and ≤3 cm) sizes (P=0.038) in distinguishing benign from malignant breast masses were statistically significant, with SR being most specific and sensitive for diagnosing small lesions. Expression of 3 molecular pathological indicators (p75NTR, p63, and CK5/6), and 5 serum mastocarcinoma markers (uPA, PAI-I, CA27-29, CEA, and CA15-3) showed statistical significance (P<0.05) in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. Furthermore, SR combined with CA15-3 and CK5/6 positivity showed 94.2% sensitivity and 89.2% specificity as combined markers for triple-negative (TN) breast cancer, whereas SR combined with D2-40 and CK19 were good diagnostic markers for breast cancer lymph node metastasis. Conclusions SR, together with a molecular and serological marker, may serve as an additional tool for the diagnosis of small breast cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Guanghui Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Wenyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - WenJing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China.,Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Yingjia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China.,Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
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42
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Yang L, Shi P, Zhao G, Xu J, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen F, Cui H. Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:8. [PMID: 32296030 PMCID: PMC7005297 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 886] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, such as OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), as well as extracellular factors, such as vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, and exosomes, have been shown to be very important regulators of CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) cells have been developed to specifically target CSCs, and some of these factors are already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization and identification of CSCs, depicts major factors and pathways that regulate CSC development, and discusses potential targeted therapy for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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43
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Campione E, Lanna C, Diluvio L, Cannizzaro MV, Grelli S, Galluzzo M, Talamonti M, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Mancini M, Melino G, Candi E, Schiavone G, Wang Y, Shi Y, Bianchi L. Skin immunity and its dysregulation in atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa and vitiligo. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:257-267. [PMID: 31905036 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1707455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the epidermis is the frontline defense against infections and indeed, it is a peripheral lymphoid organ, the same immunological mechanisms may initiate and sustain pathological conditions. Indeed, a deregulated action against exogenous pathogens could activate a T cell response in atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa and vitiligo. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a complex pathophysiology. Although T helper 2 immunity dysregulation is thought to be the main cause of AD etiopathogenesis, the triggering mechanism is not well understood, and the treatment is often difficult. As the AD, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a dramatic impact on the quality of life of the affected patients. The exact pathophysiology of HS is still unclear, but many evidences report a follicular obstruction and subsequent inflammation with TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and IL-17 involvement. Vitiligo is an autoimmune epidermal disorder which consists of melanocytes destruction and skin depigmentation. Melanocytes destruction is mainly due to their increased oxidative-stress sensitivity with a consequent activation of innate first and adaptative immunity (CD8+ T cells) later. The understanding of the triggering mechanisms of AD, HS and Vitiligo is pivotal to outline novel therapies aimed at regaining the physiological immune homeostasis of healthy skin. The aim of this review is to provide new insight on the pathogenesis of these skin diseases and to highlight on the new therapeutic approaches adopted in the treatment of AD, HS and Vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campione
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lanna
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Diluvio
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Galluzzo
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Talamonti
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara Mancini
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Schiavone
- Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Surgery Unit, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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44
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Ciuffoli V, Lena AM, Gambacurta A, Melino G, Candi E. Myoblasts rely on TAp63 to control basal mitochondria respiration. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3558-3573. [PMID: 30487319 PMCID: PMC6286837 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
p53, with its family members p63 and p73, have been shown to promote myoblast differentiation by regulation of the function of the retinoblastoma protein and by direct activation of p21Cip/Waf1 and p57Kip2, promoting cell cycle exit. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that the TAp63γ isoform is the only member of the p53 family that accumulates during in vitro myoblasts differentiation, and that its silencing led to delay in myotube fusion. To better dissect the role of TAp63γ in myoblast physiology, we have generated both sh-p63 and Tet-On inducible TAp63γ clones. Gene array analysis of sh-p63 C2C7 clones showed a significant modulation of genes involved in proliferation and cellular metabolism. Indeed, we found that sh-p63 C2C7 myoblasts present a higher proliferation rate and that, conversely, TAp63γ ectopic expression decreases myoblasts proliferation, indicating that TAp63γ specifically contributes to myoblasts proliferation, independently of p53 and p73. In addition, sh-p63 cells have a defect in mitochondria respiration highlighted by a reduction in spare respiratory capacity and a decrease in complex I, IV protein levels. These results demonstrated that, beside contributing to cell cycle exit, TAp63γ participates to myoblasts metabolism control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ciuffoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry laboratory, Rome, Italy
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45
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Smirnov A, Cappello A, Lena AM, Anemona L, Mauriello A, Di Daniele N, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Candi E. ZNF185 is a p53 target gene following DNA damage. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3308-3326. [PMID: 30446632 PMCID: PMC6286825 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is a key player in the tumour suppressive DNA damage response and a growing number of target genes involved in these pathways has been identified. p53 has been shown to be implicated in controlling cell motility and its mutant form enhances metastasis by loss of cell directionality, but the p53 role in this context has not yet being investigated. Here, we report that ZNF185, an actin cytoskeleton-associated protein from LIM-family of Zn-finger proteins, is induced following DNA-damage. ChIP-seq analysis, chromatin crosslinking immune-precipitation experiments and luciferase assays demonstrate that ZNF185 is a bona fide p53 target gene. Upon genotoxic stress, caused by DNA-damaging drug etoposide and UVB irradiation, ZNF185 expression is up-regulated and in etoposide-treated cells, ZNF185 depletion does not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, but interferes with actin cytoskeleton remodelling and cell polarization. Bioinformatic analysis of different types of epithelial cancers from both TCGA and GTEx databases showed a significant decrease in ZNF185 mRNA level compared to normal tissues. These findings are confirmed by tissue micro-array IHC staining. Our data highlight the involvement of ZNF185 and cytoskeleton changes in p53-mediated cellular response to genotoxic stress and indicate ZNF185 as potential biomarker for epithelial cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Angela Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.,MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.,Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome 00163, Italy
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46
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Flores-Ramírez I, Baranda-Avila N, Langley E. Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Sex Steroid Hormones. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:398-404. [PMID: 30095060 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180810121415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of tumor-initiating cells that express stem cell-associated markers. In recent years, their properties and mechanisms of regulation have become the focus of intense research due to their intrinsic resistance to conventional cancer therapies. This review describes breast cancer stem cell origin, signaling pathways involved in self-renewal, such as Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog, biomarkers linked to stemness, and the role of sex steroid hormones in BCSC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Flores-Ramírez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México.,Departamento de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Noemi Baranda-Avila
- Departamento de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Departamento de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan 14080, CDMX, Mexico
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47
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Frezza V, Fierro C, Gatti E, Peschiaroli A, Lena AM, Petruzzelli MA, Candi E, Anemona L, Mauriello A, Pelicci PG, Melino G, Bernassola F. ΔNp63 promotes IGF1 signalling through IRS1 in squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:4224-4240. [PMID: 30594912 PMCID: PMC6326668 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has proved that deregulation of ΔNp63 expression plays an oncogenic role in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Besides p63, the type 1-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathway has been implicated in HNSCC development and progression. Most insulin/IGF1 signalling converges intracellularly onto the protein adaptor insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) that transmits signals from the receptor to downstream effectors, including the PI3K/AKT and the MAPK kinase pathways, which, ultimately, promote proliferation, invasion, and cell survival. Here we report that p63 directly controls IRS1 transcription and cellular abundance and fosters the PI3K/AKT and MAPK downstream signalling pathways. Inactivation of ΔNp63 expression indeed reduces tumour cell responsiveness to IGF1 stimulation, and inhibits the growth potential of HNSCC cells. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between p63 and IRS1 expression in human HNSCC tissue arrays and in publicly available gene expression data. Our findings indicate that aberrant expression of ΔNp63 in HNSSC may act as an oncogenic stimulus by altering the IGF signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Frezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- Department of Experimental Oncology European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT-CNR), Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.,Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS,, Rome 00163, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
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48
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Liu Y, Nekulova M, Nenutil R, Horakova I, Appleyard MV, Murray K, Holcakova J, Galoczova M, Quinlan P, Jordan LB, Purdie CA, Vojtesek B, Thompson AM, Coates PJ. ∆Np63/p40 correlates with the location and phenotype of basal/mesenchymal cancer stem-like cells in human ER + and HER2 + breast cancers. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 6:83-93. [PMID: 31591823 PMCID: PMC6966710 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63, also known as p40, regulates stemness of normal mammary gland epithelium and provides stem cell characteristics in basal and HER2‐driven murine breast cancer models. Whilst ΔNp63/p40 is a characteristic feature of normal basal cells and basal‐type triple‐negative breast cancer, some receptor‐positive breast cancers express ΔNp63/p40 and its overexpression imparts cancer stem cell‐like properties in ER+ cell lines. However, the incidence of ER+ and HER2+ tumours that express ΔNp63/p40 is unclear and the phenotype of ΔNp63/p40+ cells in these tumours remains uncertain. Using immunohistochemistry with p63 isoform‐specific antibodies, we identified a ΔNp63/p40+ tumour cell subpopulation in 100 of 173 (58%) non‐triple negative breast cancers and the presence of this population associated with improved survival in patients with ER−/HER2+ tumours (p = 0.006). Furthermore, 41% of ER+/PR+ and/or HER2+ locally metastatic breast cancers expressed ΔNp63/p40, and these cells commonly accounted for <1% of the metastatic tumour cell population that localised to the tumour/stroma interface, exhibited an undifferentiated phenotype and were CD44+/ALDH−. In vitro studies revealed that MCF7 and T47D (ER+) and BT‐474 (HER2+) breast cancer cell lines similarly contained a small subpopulation of ΔNp63/p40+ cells that increased in mammospheres. In vivo, MCF7 xenografts contained ΔNp63/p40+ cells with a similar phenotype to primary ER+ cancers. Consistent with tumour samples, these cells also showed a distinct location at the tumour/stroma interface, suggesting a role for paracrine factors in the induction or maintenance of ΔNp63/p40. Thus, ΔNp63/p40 is commonly present in a small population of tumour cells with a distinct phenotype and location in ER+ and/or HER2+ human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- NCRC, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marta Nekulova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Horakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Virginia Appleyard
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Karen Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jitka Holcakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Galoczova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Quinlan
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lee B Jordan
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip J Coates
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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49
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Expression of Tumour Endothelial Marker 8 in Canine Mammary Gland Tumour Cells. J Comp Pathol 2019; 173:30-40. [PMID: 31812171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of tumour endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) in canine mammary gland tumours (MGTs) by immunohistochemistry and to evaluate the association between tumour cell TEM8 expression and tumour histological features, histological grades and expression of luminal and basal/myoepithelial cell markers. TEM8 expression was detected in >60 % of neoplastic epithelial cells in all simple adenomas (n = 25), simple carcinomas (n = 43) and invasive micropapillary carcinomas (n = 5) studied. Six of the 18 solid carcinomas studied showed TEM8 expression in >60% of carcinoma cells present in solid structures and in 12 of the 18 solid carcinomas, <30% of the luminal structure-forming carcinoma cells showed TEM8 expression. TEM8 expression in the neoplastic cells was not associated with histological malignancy in canine MGTs. TEM8+ tumour cells frequently showed the luminal-like phenotype cytokeratin (CK)19+/p63-/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-, while most TEM8- tumour cells exhibited the basal-like phenotype CK19-/p63+/αSMA-. These findings indicate that TEM8 may be involved in maintaining the characteristics of luminal cells in canine MGTs and that TEM8 would be useful in identifying the type of neoplastic epithelial cell in MGTs.
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50
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Lanna C, Mancini M, Gaziano R, Cannizzaro MV, Galluzzo M, Talamonti M, Rovella V, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Wang Y, Shi Y, Campione E, Bianchi L. Skin immunity and its dysregulation in psoriasis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2581-2589. [PMID: 31416396 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1653099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a peripheral lymphoid organ, being the first immunological defense against infections as the initial interface between the organism and the external background. The maintenance of the skin immune homeostasis depends on a finely equilibrium of well-regulated relations between different cells and exogenous pathogens. Inflammatory skin diseases are directly linked to the dysregulation of this equilibrium. The present review discusses the role of the immune system, of T cells, in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis, illustrating a potential rationale for innovative therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Lanna
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Rome , Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Roberta Gaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cannizzaro
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Galluzzo
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Rome , Italy
| | - Marina Talamonti
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS) , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS) , Rome , Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Medical College , Suzhou , Jiangsu , 215123 , China
| | - Elena Campione
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Rome , Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Rome , Italy
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