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Hira R. Closed-loop experiments and brain machine interfaces with multiphoton microscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033405. [PMID: 38375331 PMCID: PMC10876015 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In the field of neuroscience, the importance of constructing closed-loop experimental systems has increased in conjunction with technological advances in measuring and controlling neural activity in live animals. We provide an overview of recent technological advances in the field, focusing on closed-loop experimental systems where multiphoton microscopy-the only method capable of recording and controlling targeted population activity of neurons at a single-cell resolution in vivo-works through real-time feedback. Specifically, we present some examples of brain machine interfaces (BMIs) using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and discuss applications of two-photon optogenetic stimulation and adaptive optics to real-time BMIs. We also consider conditions for realizing future optical BMIs at the synaptic level, and their possible roles in understanding the computational principles of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riichiro Hira
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Lu C, Meng C, Li Y, Yuan J, Ren X, Gao L, Su D, Cao K, Cui M, Yuan Q, Gao X. A probe for NIR-II imaging and multimodal analysis of early Alzheimer's disease by targeting CTGF. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5000. [PMID: 38866763 PMCID: PMC11169542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still challenging. Recent studies revealed the elevated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in AD brain is an upstream regulator of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque, thus CTGF could be an earlier diagnostic biomarker of AD than Aβ plaque. Herein, we develop a peptide-coated gold nanocluster that specifically targets CTGF with high affinity (KD ~ 21.9 nM). The probe can well penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) of APP/PS1 transgenic mice at early-stage (earlier than 3-month-old) in vivo, allowing non-invasive NIR-II imaging of CTGF when there is no appearance of Aβ plaque deposition. Notably, this probe can also be applied to measuring CTGF on postmortem brain sections by multimodal analysis, including fluorescence imaging, peroxidase-like chromogenic imaging, and ICP-MS quantitation, which enables distinguishment between the brains of AD patients and healthy people. This probe possesses great potential for precise diagnosis of earlier AD before Aβ plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Lu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Cong Meng
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jinling Yuan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Su
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Kai Cao
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
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3
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Sarafraz H, Nöbauer T, Kim H, Soldevila F, Gigan S, Vaziri A. Speckle-enabled in vivo demixing of neural activity in the mouse brain. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3586-3608. [PMID: 38867774 PMCID: PMC11166431 DOI: 10.1364/boe.524521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Functional imaging of neuronal activity in awake animals, using a combination of fluorescent reporters of neuronal activity and various types of microscopy modalities, has become an indispensable tool in neuroscience. While various imaging modalities based on one-photon (1P) excitation and parallel (camera-based) acquisition have been successfully used for imaging more transparent samples, when imaging mammalian brain tissue, due to their scattering properties, two-photon (2P) microscopy systems are necessary. In 2P microscopy, the longer excitation wavelengths reduce the amount of scattering while the diffraction-limited 3D localization of excitation largely eliminates out-of-focus fluorescence. However, this comes at the cost of time-consuming serial scanning of the excitation spot and more complex and expensive instrumentation. Thus, functional 1P imaging modalities that can be used beyond the most transparent specimen are highly desirable. Here, we transform light scattering from an obstacle into a tool. We use speckles with their unique patterns and contrast, formed when fluorescence from individual neurons propagates through rodent cortical tissue, to encode neuronal activity. Spatiotemporal demixing of these patterns then enables functional recording of neuronal activity from a group of discriminable sources. For the first time, we provide an experimental, in vivo characterization of speckle generation, speckle imaging and speckle-assisted demixing of neuronal activity signals in the scattering mammalian brain tissue. We found that despite an initial fast speckle decorrelation, substantial correlation was maintained over minute-long timescales that contributed to our ability to demix temporal activity traces in the mouse brain in vivo. Informed by in vivo quantifications of speckle patterns from single and multiple neurons excited using 2P scanning excitation, we recorded and demixed activity from several sources excited using 1P oblique illumination. In our proof-of-principle experiments, we demonstrate in vivo speckle-assisted demixing of functional signals from groups of sources in a depth range of 220-320 µm in mouse cortex, limited by available speckle contrast. Our results serve as a basis for designing an in vivo functional speckle imaging modality and for maximizing the key resource in any such modality, the speckle contrast. We anticipate that our results will provide critical quantitative guidance to the community for designing techniques that overcome light scattering as a fundamental limitation in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sarafraz
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Nöbauer
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fernando Soldevila
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS–Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, College de France, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS–Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, College de France, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Ávila FJ, Bueno JM. Spherical Aberration and Scattering Compensation in Microscopy Images through a Blind Deconvolution Method. J Imaging 2024; 10:43. [PMID: 38392091 PMCID: PMC10890253 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The optical quality of an image depends on both the optical properties of the imaging system and the physical properties of the medium the light passes while travelling from the object to the image plane. The computation of the point spread function (PSF) associated to the optical system is often used to assess the image quality. In a non-ideal optical system, the PSF is affected by aberrations that distort the final image. Moreover, in the presence of turbid media, the scattering phenomena spread the light at wide angular distributions that contribute to reduce contrast and sharpness. If the mathematical degradation operator affecting the recorded image is known, the image can be restored through deconvolution methods. In some scenarios, no (or partial) information on the PSF is available. In those cases, blind deconvolution approaches arise as useful solutions for image restoration. In this work, a new blind deconvolution method is proposed to restore images using spherical aberration (SA) and scatter-based kernel filters. The procedure was evaluated in different microscopy images. The results show the capability of the algorithm to detect both degradation coefficients (i.e., SA and scattering) and to restore images without information on the real PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ávila
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan M Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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5
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Wu T, Zhang Y, Blochet B, Arjmand P, Berto P, Guillon M. Single-shot digital optical fluorescence phase conjugation through forward multiple-scattering samples. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1120. [PMID: 38241370 PMCID: PMC10798569 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Aberrations and multiple scattering in biological tissues critically distort light beams into highly complex speckle patterns. In this regard, digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) is a promising technique enabling in-depth focusing. However, DOPC becomes challenging when using fluorescent guide stars for four main reasons: the low photon budget available, the large spectral bandwidth of the fluorescent signal, the Stokes shift between the emission and the excitation wavelength, and the absence of reference beam preventing holographic measurement. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to focus a laser beam through multiple-scattering samples by measuring speckle fields in a single acquisition step with a reference-free, high-resolution wavefront sensor. By taking advantage of the large spectral bandwidth of forward multiply scattering samples, digital fluorescence phase conjugation is achieved to focus a laser beam at the excitation wavelength while measuring the broadband speckle field arising from a micrometer-sized fluorescent bead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wu
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Baptiste Blochet
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Payvand Arjmand
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Pascal Berto
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75006, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75007, France
| | - Marc Guillon
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75006, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75007, France
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6
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Blochet B, Akemann W, Gigan S, Bourdieu L. Fast wavefront shaping for two-photon brain imaging with multipatch correction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305593120. [PMID: 38100413 PMCID: PMC10743372 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305593120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear fluorescence microscopy promotes in-vivo optical imaging of cellular structure at diffraction-limited resolution deep inside scattering biological tissues. Active compensation of tissue-induced aberrations and light scattering through adaptive wavefront correction further extends the accessible depth by restoring high resolution at large depth. However, those corrections are only valid over a very limited field of view within the angular memory effect. To overcome this limitation, we introduce an acousto-optic light modulation technique for fluorescence imaging with simultaneous wavefront correction at pixel scan speed. Biaxial wavefront corrections are first learned by adaptive optimization at multiple locations in the image field. During image acquisition, the learned corrections are then switched on the fly according to the position of the excitation focus during the raster scan. The proposed microscope is applied to in vivo transcranial neuron imaging and demonstrates multi-patch correction of thinned skull-induced aberrations and scattering at 40-kHz data acquisition speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Blochet
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris75005, France
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris75005, France
| | - Walther Akemann
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris75005, France
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris75005, France
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris75005, France
| | - Laurent Bourdieu
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris75005, France
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7
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Gong D, Scherer NF. Tandem aberration correction optics (TACO) in wide-field structured illumination microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6381-6396. [PMID: 38420301 PMCID: PMC10898552 DOI: 10.1364/boe.503801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a powerful super-resolution imaging technique that uses patterned illumination to down-modulate high spatial-frequency information of samples. However, the presence of spatially-dependent aberrations can severely disrupt the illumination pattern, limiting the quality of SIM imaging. Conventional adaptive optics (AO) techniques that employ wavefront correctors at the pupil plane are not capable of effectively correcting these spatially-dependent aberrations. We introduce the Tandem Aberration Correction Optics (TACO) approach that combines both pupil AO and conjugate AO for aberration correction in SIM. TACO incorporates a deformable mirror (DM) for pupil AO in the detection path to correct for global aberrations, while a spatial light modulator (SLM) is placed at the plane conjugate to the aberration source near the sample plane, termed conjugate AO, to compensate spatially-varying aberrations in the illumination path. Our numerical simulations and experimental results show that the TACO approach can recover the illumination pattern close to an ideal condition, even when severely misshaped by aberrations, resulting in high-quality super-resolution SIM reconstruction. The TACO approach resolves a critical traditional shortcoming of aberration correction for structured illumination. This advance significantly expands the application of SIM imaging in the study of complex, particularly biological, samples and should be effective in other wide-field microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozheng Gong
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Norbert F. Scherer
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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8
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Li B, Zhu L, Li B, Feng W, Lian X, Ji X. Efficient framework of solving time-gated reflection matrix for imaging through turbid medium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:15461-15473. [PMID: 37157647 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging through turbid medium is a long pursuit in many research fields, such as biomedicine, astronomy and automatic vehicle, in which the reflection matrix-based method is a promising solution. However, the epi-detection geometry suffers from round-trip distortion and it is challenging to isolate the input and output aberrations in non-ideal cases due to system imperfections and measurement noises. Here, we present an efficient framework based on single scattering accumulation together with phase unwrapping that can accurately separate input and output aberrations from the noise-affected reflection matrix. We propose to only correct the output aberration while suppressing the input aberration by incoherent averaging. The proposed method is faster in convergence and more robust against noise, avoiding precise and tedious system adjustments. In both simulations and experiments, we demonstrate the diffraction-limited resolution capability under optical thickness beyond 10 scattering mean free paths, showing the potential of applications in neuroscience and dermatology.
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Lee YR, Kim DY, Jo Y, Kim M, Choi W. Exploiting volumetric wave correlation for enhanced depth imaging in scattering medium. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1878. [PMID: 37015941 PMCID: PMC10073116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging an object embedded within a scattering medium requires the correction of complex sample-induced wave distortions. Existing approaches have been designed to resolve them by optimizing signal waves recorded in each 2D image. Here, we present a volumetric image reconstruction framework that merges two fundamental degrees of freedom, the wavelength and propagation angles of light waves, based on the object momentum conservation principle. On this basis, we propose methods for exploiting the correlation of signal waves from volumetric images to better cope with multiple scattering. By constructing experimental systems scanning both wavelength and illumination angle of the light source, we demonstrated a 32-fold increase in the use of signal waves compared with that of existing 2D-based approaches and achieved ultrahigh volumetric resolution (lateral resolution: 0.41 [Formula: see text], axial resolution: 0.60 [Formula: see text]) even within complex scattering medium owing to the optimal coherent use of the broad spectral bandwidth (225 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ryoung Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yonghyeon Jo
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Moonseok Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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10
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Zhang Q, Hu Q, Berlage C, Kner P, Judkewitz B, Booth M, Ji N. Adaptive optics for optical microscopy [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1732-1756. [PMID: 37078027 PMCID: PMC10110298 DOI: 10.1364/boe.479886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy is widely used to visualize fine structures. When applied to bioimaging, its performance is often degraded by sample-induced aberrations. In recent years, adaptive optics (AO), originally developed to correct for atmosphere-associated aberrations, has been applied to a wide range of microscopy modalities, enabling high- or super-resolution imaging of biological structure and function in complex tissues. Here, we review classic and recently developed AO techniques and their applications in optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Caroline Berlage
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Biology, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin Judkewitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Physics, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Jiang Z, Liang Z, Cui Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Wang H, Wang T, Chen Y, He W, Liu Z, Guo Z. Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Photoacoustic Probe for High-Resolution Imaging of Nitric Oxide in the Living Mouse Brain. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7952-7961. [PMID: 37000012 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternations in the brain nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis are associated with a variety of neurodegeneration diseases; therefore, high-resolution imaging of NO in the brain is essential for understanding pathophysiological processes. However, currently available NO probes are unsuitable for this purpose due to their poor ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to image in deep tissues with spatial resolution. Herein, we developed a photoacoustic (PA) probe with BBB crossing ability to overcome this obstacle. The probe shows a highly selective ratiometric response toward NO, which enables the probe to image NO with micron resolution in the whole brain of living mice. Using three-dimensional PA imaging, we demonstrated that the probe could be used to visualize the detailed NO distribution in varying depth cross-sections (0-8 mm) of the living Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse brain. We also investigated the therapeutic properties of natural polyphenols in the PD mouse brain using the probe as an imaging agent and suggested the potential of the probe for screening therapeutic agents. This study provides a promising imaging agent for imaging of NO in the mouse brain with high resolution. We anticipate that these findings may open up new possibilities for understanding the biological functions of NO in the brain and the development of new imaging agents for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaolun Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yijing Cui
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changli Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Jing Wang
- TomoWave Laboratories, Inc., Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tianzhu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Nanjing 210000, China
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12
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Zheng T, Liversage AR, Tehrani KF, Call JA, Kner PA, Mortensen LJ. Imaging mitochondria through bone in live mice using two-photon fluorescence microscopy with adaptive optics. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2023; 2:959601. [PMID: 37554651 PMCID: PMC10406258 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.959601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria are extremely important organelles in the regulation of bone marrow and brain activity. However, live imaging of these subcellular features with high resolution in scattering tissues like brain or bone has proven challenging. METHODS In this study, we developed a two-photon fluorescence microscope with adaptive optics (TPFM-AO) for high-resolution imaging, which uses a home-built Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) to correct system aberrations and a sensorless approach for correcting low order tissue aberrations. RESULTS Using AO increases the fluorescence intensity of the point spread function (PSF) and achieves fast imaging of subcellular organelles with 400 nm resolution through 85 μm of highly scattering tissue. We achieved ~1.55×, ~3.58×, and ~1.77× intensity increases using AO, and a reduction of the PSF width by ~0.83×, ~0.74×, and ~0.9× at the depths of 0, 50 μm and 85 μm in living mouse bone marrow respectively, allowing us to characterize mitochondrial health and the survival of functioning cells with a field of view of 67.5× 67.5 μm. We also investigate the role of initial signal and background levels in sample correction quality by varying the laser power and camera exposure time and develop an intensity-based criteria for sample correction. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates a promising tool for imaging of mitochondria and other organelles in optically distorting biological environments, which could facilitate the study of a variety of diseases connected to mitochondrial morphology and activity in a range of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Adrian R. Liversage
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kayvan F. Tehrani
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jarrod A. Call
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Peter A. Kner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Luke J. Mortensen
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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13
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Morris EK, Daignault-Mill S, Stehbens SJ, Genovesi LA, Lagendijk AK. Addressing blood-brain-tumor-barrier heterogeneity in pediatric brain tumors with innovative preclinical models. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1101522. [PMID: 36776301 PMCID: PMC9909546 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors represent the leading cause of disease-related mortality and morbidity in children, with effective treatments urgently required. One factor limiting the effectiveness of systemic therapy is the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which limits the brain penetration of many anticancer drugs. BBB integrity is often compromised in tumors, referred to as the blood-brain-tumor-barrier (BBTB), and the impact of a compromised BBTB on the therapeutic sensitivity of brain tumors has been clearly shown for a few selected agents. However, the heterogeneity of barrier alteration observed within a single tumor and across distinct pediatric tumor types represents an additional challenge. Herein, we discuss what is known regarding the heterogeneity of tumor-associated vasculature in pediatric brain tumors. We discuss innovative and complementary preclinical model systems that will facilitate real-time functional analyses of BBTB for all pediatric brain tumor types. We believe a broader use of these preclinical models will enable us to develop a greater understanding of the processes underlying tumor-associated vasculature formation and ultimately more efficacious treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysse K. Morris
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sheena Daignault-Mill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha J. Stehbens
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura A. Genovesi
- The University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Laura A. Genovesi, ; Anne K. Lagendijk,
| | - Anne K. Lagendijk
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Laura A. Genovesi, ; Anne K. Lagendijk,
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14
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Yang N, Li T, Dong S, Zhang S, Jia Y, Mao H, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Pan X, Zhang X, Dong Z. Detection of airborne pathogens with single photon counting and a real-time spectrometer on microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4995-5007. [PMID: 36440701 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The common practice for monitoring pathogenic bioaerosols is to collect bioaerosols from air and then detect them, which lacks timeliness and accuracy. In order to improve the detection speed, here we demonstrate an innovative airflow-based optical detection method for directly identifying aerosol pathogens, and built a microfluidic-based counter composite spectrometer detection platform, which simplifies sample preparation and collection detection from two steps to one step. The method is based on principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis for particle species identification and dynamic transmission spectroscopy analysis, and single-photon measurement is used for particle counting. Compared with traditional microscopic counting and identification methods, the particle counting accuracy is high, the standard deviation is small, and the counting accuracy exceeds 92.2%. The setup of dynamic transmission spectroscopy analysis provides high-precision real-time particle identification with an accuracy rate of 93.75%. As the system is further refined, we also foresee potential applications of this method in agricultural disease control, environmental control, and infectious disease control in aerosol pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Taiwei Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Sizhe Dong
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Suliang Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Hanping Mao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Fu Zhang
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Zining Dong
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
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15
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Deep tissue multi-photon imaging using adaptive optics with direct focus sensing and shaping. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1663-1671. [PMID: 35697805 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution optical imaging deep in tissues is challenging because of optical aberrations and scattering of light caused by the complex structure of living matter. Here we present an adaptive optics three-photon microscope based on analog lock-in phase detection for focus sensing and shaping (ALPHA-FSS). ALPHA-FSS accurately measures and effectively compensates for both aberrations and scattering induced by specimens and recovers subcellular resolution at depth. A conjugate adaptive optics configuration with remote focusing enables in vivo imaging of fine neuronal structures in the mouse cortex through the intact skull up to a depth of 750 µm below the pia, enabling near-non-invasive high-resolution microscopy in cortex. Functional calcium imaging with high sensitivity and high-precision laser-mediated microsurgery through the intact skull were also demonstrated. Moreover, we achieved in vivo high-resolution imaging of the deep cortex and subcortical hippocampus up to 1.1 mm below the pia within the intact brain.
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16
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Willig KI. In vivo super-resolution of the brain – How to visualize the hidden nanoplasticity? iScience 2022; 25:104961. [PMID: 36093060 PMCID: PMC9449647 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has entered most biological laboratories worldwide and its benefit is undisputable. Its application to brain imaging, for example in living mice, enables the study of sub-cellular structural plasticity and brain function directly in a living mammal. The demands of brain imaging on the different super-resolution microscopy techniques (STED, RESOLFT, SIM, ISM) and labeling strategies are discussed here as well as the challenges of the required cranial window preparation. Applications of super-resolution in the anesthetized mouse brain enlighten the stability and plasticity of synaptic nanostructures. These studies show the potential of in vivo super-resolution imaging and justify its application more widely in vivo to investigate the role of nanostructures in memory and learning.
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17
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The Lattice Geometry of Walsh-Function-Based Adaptive Optics. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9080547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We show that there is an intrinsic link between the use of Walsh aberration modes in adaptive optics (AO) and the mathematics of lattices. The discrete and binary nature of these modes means that there are infinite combinations of Walsh mode coefficients that can optimally correct the same aberration. Finding such a correction is hence a poorly conditioned optimisation problem that can be difficult to solve. This can be mitigated by confining the AO correction space defined in Walsh mode coefficients to the fundamental Voronoi cell of a lattice. By restricting the correction space in this way, one can ensure there is only one set of Walsh coefficients that corresponds to the optimum correction aberration. This property is used to enable the design of efficient estimation algorithms to solve the inverse problem of finding correction aberrations from a sequence of measurements in a wavefront sensorless AO system. The benefit of this approach is illustrated using a neural-network-based estimator.
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18
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Yu Z, Li H, Zhong T, Park JH, Cheng S, Woo CM, Zhao Q, Yao J, Zhou Y, Huang X, Pang W, Yoon H, Shen Y, Liu H, Zheng Y, Park Y, Wang LV, Lai P. Wavefront shaping: A versatile tool to conquer multiple scattering in multidisciplinary fields. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100292. [PMID: 36032195 PMCID: PMC9405113 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical techniques offer a wide variety of applications as light-matter interactions provide extremely sensitive mechanisms to probe or treat target media. Most of these implementations rely on the usage of ballistic or quasi-ballistic photons to achieve high spatial resolution. However, the inherent scattering nature of light in biological tissues or tissue-like scattering media constitutes a critical obstacle that has restricted the penetration depth of non-scattered photons and hence limited the implementation of most optical techniques for wider applications. In addition, the components of an optical system are usually designed and manufactured for a fixed function or performance. Recent advances in wavefront shaping have demonstrated that scattering- or component-induced phase distortions can be compensated by optimizing the wavefront of the input light pattern through iteration or by conjugating the transmission matrix of the scattering medium. This offers unprecedented opportunities in many applications to achieve controllable optical delivery or detection at depths or dynamically configurable functionalities by using scattering media to substitute conventional optical components. In this article, the recent progress of wavefront shaping in multidisciplinary fields is reviewed, from optical focusing and imaging with scattering media, functionalized devices, modulation of mode coupling, and nonlinearity in multimode fiber to multimode fiber-based applications. Apart from insights into the underlying principles and recent advances in wavefront shaping implementations, practical limitations and roadmap for future development are discussed in depth. Looking back and looking forward, it is believed that wavefront shaping holds a bright future that will open new avenues for noninvasive or minimally invasive optical interactions and arbitrary control inside deep tissues. The high degree of freedom with multiple scattering will also provide unprecedented opportunities to develop novel optical devices based on a single scattering medium (generic or customized) that can outperform traditional optical components.
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19
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Jo Y, Lee YR, Hong JH, Kim DY, Kwon J, Choi M, Kim M, Choi W. Through-skull brain imaging in vivo at visible wavelengths via dimensionality reduction adaptive-optical microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4366. [PMID: 35895824 PMCID: PMC9328682 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Compensation of sample-induced optical aberrations is crucial for visualizing microscopic structures deep within biological tissues. However, strong multiple scattering poses a fundamental limitation for identifying and correcting the tissue-induced aberrations. Here, we introduce a label-free deep-tissue imaging technique termed dimensionality reduction adaptive-optical microscopy (DReAM) to selectively attenuate multiple scattering. We established a theoretical framework in which dimensionality reduction of a time-gated reflection matrix can attenuate uncorrelated multiple scattering while retaining a single-scattering signal with a strong wave correlation, irrespective of sample-induced aberrations. We performed mouse brain imaging in vivo through the intact skull with the probe beam at visible wavelengths. Despite the strong scattering and aberrations, DReAM offered a 17-fold enhancement of single scattering-to-multiple scattering ratio and provided high-contrast images of neural fibers in the brain cortex with the diffraction-limited spatial resolution of 412 nanometers and a 33-fold enhanced Strehl ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyeon Jo
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ryoung Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwan Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio & Medical Health Division, Korea Testing Laboratory, 10, Chungui-ro, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonseok Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
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20
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Horodynski M, Kühmayer M, Ferise C, Rotter S, Davy M. Anti-reflection structure for perfect transmission through complex media. Nature 2022; 607:281-286. [PMID: 35831599 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The scattering of waves when they propagate through disordered media is an important limitation for a range of applications, including telecommunications1, biomedical imaging2, seismology3 and material engineering4,5. Wavefront shaping techniques can reduce the effect of wave scattering, even in opaque media, by engineering specific modes-termed open transmission eigenchannels-through which waves are funnelled across a disordered medium without any back reflection6-9. However, with such channels being very scarce, one cannot use them to render an opaque sample perfectly transmitting for any incident light field. Here we show that a randomly disordered medium becomes translucent to all incoming light waves when placing a tailored complementary medium in front of it. To this end, the reflection matrices of the two media surfaces facing each other need to satisfy a matrix generalization of the condition for critical coupling. We implement this protocol both numerically and experimentally for the design of electromagnetic waveguides with several dozen scattering elements placed inside them. The translucent scattering media we introduce here also have the promising property of being able to store incident radiation in their interior for remarkably long times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Horodynski
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Kühmayer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Clément Ferise
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique), UMR-6164, Rennes, France
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthieu Davy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique), UMR-6164, Rennes, France.
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21
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Lehtinen K, Nokia MS, Takala H. Red Light Optogenetics in Neuroscience. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:778900. [PMID: 35046775 PMCID: PMC8761848 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.778900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics, a field concentrating on controlling cellular functions by means of light-activated proteins, has shown tremendous potential in neuroscience. It possesses superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to the surgical, electrical, and pharmacological methods traditionally used in studying brain function. A multitude of optogenetic tools for neuroscience have been created that, for example, enable the control of action potential generation via light-activated ion channels. Other optogenetic proteins have been used in the brain, for example, to control long-term potentiation or to ablate specific subtypes of neurons. In in vivo applications, however, the majority of optogenetic tools are operated with blue, green, or yellow light, which all have limited penetration in biological tissues compared to red light and especially infrared light. This difference is significant, especially considering the size of the rodent brain, a major research model in neuroscience. Our review will focus on the utilization of red light-operated optogenetic tools in neuroscience. We first outline the advantages of red light for in vivo studies. Then we provide a brief overview of the red light-activated optogenetic proteins and systems with a focus on new developments in the field. Finally, we will highlight different tools and applications, which further facilitate the use of red light optogenetics in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Lehtinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miriam S. Nokia
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Takala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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22
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Kitching AR, Hickey MJ. Immune cell behaviour and dynamics in the kidney - insights from in vivo imaging. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:22-37. [PMID: 34556836 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The actions of immune cells within the kidney are of fundamental importance in kidney homeostasis and disease. In disease settings such as acute kidney injury, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, lupus nephritis and renal transplant rejection, immune cells resident within the kidney and those recruited from the circulation propagate inflammatory responses with deleterious effects on the kidney. As in most forms of inflammation, intravital imaging - particularly two-photon microscopy - has been critical to our understanding of immune cell responses in the renal microvasculature and interstitium, enabling visualization of immune cell dynamics over time rather than statically. These studies have demonstrated differences in the recruitment and function of these cells from those in more conventional vascular beds, and provided a wealth of information on the actions of blood-borne immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes and T cells, as well as kidney-resident mononuclear phagocytes, in a range of diseases affecting different kidney compartments. In particular, in vivo imaging has furthered our understanding of leukocyte function within the glomerulus in acute glomerulonephritis, and in the tubulointerstitium and interstitial microvasculature during acute kidney injury and following transplantation, revealing mechanisms of immune surveillance, antigen presentation and inflammation in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Departments of Nephrology and Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Li B, Tan S, Dong J, Lian X, Zhang Y, Ji X, Veeraraghavan A. Deep-3D microscope: 3D volumetric microscopy of thick scattering samples using a wide-field microscope and machine learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:284-299. [PMID: 35154871 PMCID: PMC8803017 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Confocal microscopy is a standard approach for obtaining volumetric images of a sample with high axial and lateral resolution, especially when dealing with scattering samples. Unfortunately, a confocal microscope is quite expensive compared to traditional microscopes. In addition, the point scanning in confocal microscopy leads to slow imaging speed and photobleaching due to the high dose of laser energy. In this paper, we demonstrate how the advances in machine learning can be exploited to "teach" a traditional wide-field microscope, one that's available in every lab, into producing 3D volumetric images like a confocal microscope. The key idea is to obtain multiple images with different focus settings using a wide-field microscope and use a 3D generative adversarial network (GAN) based neural network to learn the mapping between the blurry low-contrast image stacks obtained using a wide-field microscope and the sharp, high-contrast image stacks obtained using a confocal microscope. After training the network with widefield-confocal stack pairs, the network can reliably and accurately reconstruct 3D volumetric images that rival confocal images in terms of its lateral resolution, z-sectioning and image contrast. Our experimental results demonstrate generalization ability to handle unseen data, stability in the reconstruction results, high spatial resolution even when imaging thick (∼40 microns) highly-scattering samples. We believe that such learning-based microscopes have the potential to bring confocal imaging quality to every lab that has a wide-field microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Automation & BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jiuyang Dong
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaocong Lian
- Department of Automation & BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbing Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyang Ji
- Department of Automation & BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ashok Veeraraghavan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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24
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May MA, Kummer KK, Edenhofer ML, Choconta JL, Kress M, Ritsch-Marte M, Jesacher A. Simultaneous scattering compensation at multiple points in multi-photon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7377-7387. [PMID: 35003840 PMCID: PMC8713664 DOI: 10.1364/boe.441604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The two-photon fluorescence imaging depth has been significantly improved in recent years by compensating for tissue scattering with wavefront correction. However, in most approaches the wavefront corrections are valid only over a small sample region on the order of 1 to 10 µm. In samples where most scattering structures are confined to a single plane, sample conjugate correction geometries can increase the observable field to a few tens of µm. Here, we apply a recently introduced fast converging scheme for sensor-less scattering correction termed "Dynamic Adaptive Scattering compensation Holography" (DASH) in a sample conjugate configuration with a high pixel count nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). Using a large SLM allows us to simultaneously correct for scattering at multiple field points, which can be distributed over the entire field of view provided by the objective lens. Despite the comparably slow refresh time of LC-SLMs, we achieve correction times on the order of 10 s per field point, which we show is sufficiently fast to counteract scattering at multiple sites in living mouse hippocampal tissue slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. May
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai K. Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie-Luise Edenhofer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeiny Luna Choconta
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Ritsch-Marte
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Jesacher
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Caravaca-Aguirre AM, Carron A, Mezil S, Wang I, Bossy E. Optical memory effect in square multimode fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4924-4927. [PMID: 34598235 DOI: 10.1364/ol.436134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally the existence of a translational optical memory effect in square-core multimode fibers. We found that symmetry properties of square-core waveguides lead to speckle patterns shifting along four directions at the fiber output for any given shift direction at the input. A simple theoretical model based on a perfectly reflective square waveguide is introduced to predict and interpret this phenomenon. We report experimental results obtained with 532-nm coherent light propagating through a square-core step-index multimode fiber, demonstrating that this translational memory effect can be observed for shift distances up to typically 10 µm after propagation through several centimeters of fiber.
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26
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Streich L, Boffi JC, Wang L, Alhalaseh K, Barbieri M, Rehm R, Deivasigamani S, Gross CT, Agarwal A, Prevedel R. High-resolution structural and functional deep brain imaging using adaptive optics three-photon microscopy. Nat Methods 2021; 18:1253-1258. [PMID: 34594033 PMCID: PMC8490155 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has become a powerful tool with which to visualize the morphology and function of neural cells and circuits in the intact mammalian brain. However, tissue scattering, optical aberrations and motion artifacts degrade the imaging performance at depth. Here we describe a minimally invasive intravital imaging methodology based on three-photon excitation, indirect adaptive optics (AO) and active electrocardiogram gating to advance deep-tissue imaging. Our modal-based, sensorless AO approach is robust to low signal-to-noise ratios as commonly encountered in deep scattering tissues such as the mouse brain, and permits AO correction over large axial fields of view. We demonstrate near-diffraction-limited imaging of deep cortical spines and (sub)cortical dendrites up to a depth of 1.4 mm (the edge of the mouse CA1 hippocampus). In addition, we show applications to deep-layer calcium imaging of astrocytes, including fibrous astrocytes that reside in the highly scattering corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Streich
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Boffi
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ling Wang
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khaleel Alhalaseh
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matteo Barbieri
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronja Rehm
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Cornelius T Gross
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Amit Agarwal
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Wang J, Zhang Y. Adaptive optics in super-resolution microscopy. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2021; 7:267-279. [PMID: 37287764 PMCID: PMC10233472 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2021.210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become a routine tool in biology for interrogating life activities with minimal perturbation. While the resolution of fluorescence microscopy is in theory governed only by the diffraction of light, the resolution obtainable in practice is also constrained by the presence of optical aberrations. The past two decades have witnessed the advent of super-resolution microscopy that overcomes the diffraction barrier, enabling numerous biological investigations at the nanoscale. Adaptive optics, a technique borrowed from astronomical imaging, has been applied to correct for optical aberrations in essentially every microscopy modality, especially in super-resolution microscopy in the last decade, to restore optimal image quality and resolution. In this review, we briefly introduce the fundamental concepts of adaptive optics and the operating principles of the major super-resolution imaging techniques. We highlight some recent implementations and advances in adaptive optics for active and dynamic aberration correction in super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Yongdeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
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28
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Wu JW, Jung Y, Yeh SCA, Seo Y, Runnels JM, Burns CS, Mizoguchi T, Ito K, Spencer JA, Lin CP. Intravital fluorescence microscopy with negative contrast. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255204. [PMID: 34351959 PMCID: PMC8341626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in intravital microscopy (IVM) have enabled the studies of cellular organization and dynamics in the native microenvironment of intact organisms with minimal perturbation. The abilities to track specific cell populations and monitor their interactions have opened up new horizons for visualizing cell biology in vivo, yet the success of standard fluorescence cell labeling approaches for IVM comes with a "dark side" in that unlabeled cells are invisible, leaving labeled cells or structures to appear isolated in space, devoid of their surroundings and lacking proper biological context. Here we describe a novel method for "filling in the void" by harnessing the ubiquity of extracellular (interstitial) fluid and its ease of fluorescence labelling by commonly used vascular and lymphatic tracers. We show that during routine labeling of the vasculature and lymphatics for IVM, commonly used fluorescent tracers readily perfuse the interstitial spaces of the bone marrow (BM) and the lymph node (LN), outlining the unlabeled cells and forming negative contrast images that complement standard (positive) cell labeling approaches. The method is simple yet powerful, offering a comprehensive view of the cellular landscape such as cell density and spatial distribution, as well as dynamic processes such as cell motility and transmigration across the vascular endothelium. The extracellular localization of the dye and the interstitial flow provide favorable conditions for prolonged Intravital time lapse imaging with minimal toxicity and photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwell W. Wu
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yookyung Jung
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shu-Chi A. Yeh
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yongwan Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Judith M. Runnels
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian S. Burns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- NSF-CREST Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines and the Health Science Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Joel A. Spencer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- NSF-CREST Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines and the Health Science Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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29
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May MA, Barré N, Kummer KK, Kress M, Ritsch-Marte M, Jesacher A. Fast holographic scattering compensation for deep tissue biological imaging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4340. [PMID: 34267207 PMCID: PMC8282637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Scattering in biological tissues is a major barrier for in vivo optical imaging of all but the most superficial structures. Progress toward overcoming the distortions caused by scattering in turbid media has been made by shaping the excitation wavefront to redirect power into a single point in the imaging plane. However, fast, non-invasive determination of the required wavefront compensation remains challenging. Here, we introduce a quickly converging algorithm for non-invasive scattering compensation, termed DASH, in which holographic phase stepping interferometry enables new phase information to be updated after each measurement. This leads to rapid improvement of the wavefront correction, forming a focus after just one measurement iteration and achieving an order of magnitude higher signal enhancement at this stage than the previous state-of-the-art. Using DASH, we demonstrate two-photon fluorescence imaging of microglia cells in highly turbid mouse hippocampal tissue down to a depth of 530 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A May
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Nicolas Barré
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai K Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Ritsch-Marte
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Jesacher
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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30
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Miller ADC, Ozbakir HF, Mukherjee A. Calcium-responsive contrast agents for functional magnetic resonance imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:021301. [PMID: 34085055 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions represent one of the key second messengers accompanying neural activity and synaptic signaling. Accordingly, dynamic imaging of calcium fluctuations in living organisms represents a cornerstone technology for discovering neural mechanisms that underlie memory, determine behavior, and modulate emotional states as well as how these mechanisms are perturbed by neurological disease and brain injury. While optical technologies are well established for high resolution imaging of calcium dynamics, physical limits on light penetration hinder their application for whole-brain imaging in intact vertebrates. Unlike optics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables noninvasive large-scale imaging across vertebrates of all sizes. This has motivated the development of several sensors that leverage innovative physicochemical mechanisms to sensitize MRI contrast to intracellular and extracellular changes in calcium. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in MRI-based calcium sensors, focusing on fundamental aspects of sensor performance, in vivo applications, and challenges related to sensitivity. We also highlight how innovations at the intersection of reporter gene technology and gene delivery open potential opportunities for mapping calcium activity in genetically targeted cells, complementing the benefits of small molecule probes and nanoparticle sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D C Miller
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Harun F Ozbakir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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31
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Daria VR, Castañares ML, Bachor HA. Spatio-temporal parameters for optical probing of neuronal activity. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:13-33. [PMID: 33747244 PMCID: PMC7930150 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge to understand the complex neuronal circuit functions in the mammalian brain has brought about a revolution in light-based neurotechnologies and optogenetic tools. However, while recent seminal works have shown excellent insights on the processing of basic functions such as sensory perception, memory, and navigation, understanding more complex brain functions is still unattainable with current technologies. We are just scratching the surface, both literally and figuratively. Yet, the path towards fully understanding the brain is not totally uncertain. Recent rapid technological advancements have allowed us to analyze the processing of signals within dendritic arborizations of single neurons and within neuronal circuits. Understanding the circuit dynamics in the brain requires a good appreciation of the spatial and temporal properties of neuronal activity. Here, we assess the spatio-temporal parameters of neuronal responses and match them with suitable light-based neurotechnologies as well as photochemical and optogenetic tools. We focus on the spatial range that includes dendrites and certain brain regions (e.g., cortex and hippocampus) that constitute neuronal circuits. We also review some temporal characteristics of some proteins and ion channels responsible for certain neuronal functions. With the aid of the photochemical and optogenetic markers, we can use light to visualize the circuit dynamics of a functioning brain. The challenge to understand how the brain works continue to excite scientists as research questions begin to link macroscopic and microscopic units of brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R. Daria
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Hans-A. Bachor
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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32
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Tehrani KF, Koukourakis N, Czarske J, Mortensen LJ. In situ measurement of the isoplanatic patch for imaging through intact bone. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000160. [PMID: 32844561 PMCID: PMC10599401 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront-shaping (WS) enables imaging through scattering tissues like bone, which is important for neuroscience and bone-regeneration research. WS corrects for the optical aberrations at a given depth and field-of-view (FOV) within the sample; the extent of the validity of which is limited to a region known as the isoplanatic patch (IP). Knowing this parameter helps to estimate the number of corrections needed for WS imaging over a given FOV. In this paper, we first present direct transmissive measurement of murine skull IP using digital optical phase conjugation based focusing. Second, we extend our previously reported phase accumulation ray tracing (PART) method to provide in-situ in-silico estimation of IP, called correlative PART (cPART). Our results show an IP range of 1 to 3 μm for mice within an age range of 8 to 14 days old and 1.00 ± 0.25 μm in a 12-week old adult skull. Consistency between the two measurement approaches indicates that cPART can be used to approximate the IP before a WS experiment, which can be used to calculate the number of corrections required within a given field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Forouhesh Tehrani
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nektarios Koukourakis
- TU Dresden, Chair of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Czarske
- TU Dresden, Chair of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Helmholtzstr. 18, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Germany
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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33
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May MA, Bawart M, Langeslag M, Bernet S, Kress M, Ritsch-Marte M, Jesacher A. High-NA two-photon single cell imaging with remote focusing using a diffractive tunable lens. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:7183-7191. [PMID: 33408989 PMCID: PMC7747902 DOI: 10.1364/boe.405863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast, volumetric structural and functional imaging of cellular and sub-cellular dynamics inside the living brain is one of the most desired capabilities in the neurosciences, but still faces serious challenges. Specifically, while few solutions for rapid 3D scanning exist, it is generally much easier to facilitate fast in-plane scanning than it is to scan axially at high speeds. Remote focusing in which the imaging plane is shifted along the optical axis by a tunable lens while maintaining the position of the sample and objective is a promising approach to increase the axial scan speed, but existing techniques often introduce severe optical aberrations in high-NA imaging systems, eliminating the possibility of diffraction-limited single-cell imaging. Here, we demonstrate near diffraction-limited, volumetric two-photon fluorescence microscopy in which we resolve the deep sub-micron structures of single microglia cells with axial scanning performed using a novel high-NA remote focusing method. Image contrast is maintained to within 7% compared to mechanical sample stepping and the focal volume remains nearly diffraction-limited over an axial range greater than 86 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. May
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Bawart
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michiel Langeslag
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Bernet
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Ritsch-Marte
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Jesacher
- Institute of Biomedical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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34
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Yoon S, Lee H, Hong JH, Lim YS, Choi W. Laser scanning reflection-matrix microscopy for aberration-free imaging through intact mouse skull. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5721. [PMID: 33184297 PMCID: PMC7665219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A mouse skull is a barrier for high-resolution optical imaging because its thick and inhomogeneous internal structures induce complex aberrations varying drastically from position to position. Invasive procedures creating either thinned-skull or open-skull windows are often required for the microscopic imaging of brain tissues underneath. Here, we propose a label-free imaging modality termed laser scanning reflection-matrix microscopy for recording the amplitude and phase maps of reflected waves at non-confocal points as well as confocal points. The proposed method enables us to find and computationally correct up to 10,000 angular modes of aberrations varying at every 10 × 10 µm2 patch in the sample plane. We realized reflectance imaging of myelinated axons in vivo underneath an intact mouse skull, with an ideal diffraction-limited spatial resolution of 450 nm. Furthermore, we demonstrated through-skull two-photon fluorescence imaging of neuronal dendrites and their spines by physically correcting the aberrations identified from the reflection matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokchan Yoon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Korea.,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02855, Korea
| | - Hojun Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Korea.,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02855, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Korea.,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02855, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Lim
- Department of Nano Science and Mechanical Engineering and Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Korea. .,Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02855, Korea.
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35
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Gao Y, Liu L, Yin Y, Liao J, Yu J, Wu T, Ye S, Li H, Zheng W. Adaptive optics via pupil ring segmentation improves spherical aberration correction for two-photon imaging of optically cleared tissues. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:34935-34947. [PMID: 33182951 DOI: 10.1364/oe.408621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical clearing methods reduce the optical scattering of biological samples and thereby extend optical imaging penetration depth. However, refractive index mismatch between the immersion media of objectives and clearing reagents induces spherical aberration (SA), causing significant degradation of fluorescence intensity and spatial resolution. We present an adaptive optics method based on pupil ring segmentation to correct SA in optically cleared samples. Our method demonstrates superior SA correction over a modal-based adaptive optics method and restores the fluorescence intensity and resolution at high imaging depth. Moreover, the method can derive an SA correction map for the whole imaging volume based on three representative measurements. It facilitates SA correction during image acquisition without intermittent SA measurements. We applied this method in mouse brain tissues treated with different optical clearing methods. The results illustrate that the synaptic structures of neurons within 900 μm depth can be clearly resolved after SA correction.
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36
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Park JH, Park J, Lee K, Park Y. Disordered Optics: Exploiting Multiple Light Scattering and Wavefront Shaping for Nonconventional Optical Elements. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903457. [PMID: 31553491 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in diverse areas such as inspection, imaging, manufacturing, telecommunications, and information processing have been stimulated by novel optical devices. Conventional material ingredients for these devices are typically made of homogeneous refractive or diffractive materials and require sophisticated design and fabrication, which results in practical limitations related to their form and functional figures of merit. To overcome such limitations, recent developments in the application of disordered materials as novel optical elements have indicated great potential in enabling functionalities that go beyond their conventional counterparts, while the materials exhibit potential advantages with respect to reduced form factors. Combined with wavefront shaping, disordered materials enable dynamic transitions between multiple functionalities in a single active optical device. Recent progress in this field is summarized to gain insight into the physical principles behind disordered optics with regard to their advantages in various applications as well as their limitations compared to conventional optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeoReh Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Tomocube Inc., Daejeon, 34109, Republic of Korea
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37
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Pendleton EG, Tehrani KF, Barrow RP, Mortensen LJ. Second harmonic generation characterization of collagen in whole bone. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4379-4396. [PMID: 32923050 PMCID: PMC7449751 DOI: 10.1364/boe.391866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a unique biological composite material made up of a highly structured collagen mesh matrix and mineral deposits. Although mineral provides stiffness, collagen's secondary organization provides a critical role in bone elasticity. Here, we performed polarimetric analysis of bone collagen fibers using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging to evaluate lamella sheets and collagen fiber integrity in intact cranial bone. Our polarimetric data was fitted to a model accounting for diattenuation, polarization cross-talk, and birefringence. We compared our data to the fitted model and found no significant difference between our polarimetric observation and the representation of these scattering properties up to 70 µm deep. We also observed a loss of resolution as we imaged up to 70 µm deep into bone but a conservation of polarimetric response. Polarimetric SHG allows for the discrimination of collagen lamellar sheet structures in intact bone. Our work could allow for label-free identification of disease states and monitor the efficacy of therapies for bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Pendleton
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kayvan F. Tehrani
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ruth P. Barrow
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Luke J. Mortensen
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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38
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Qin W, Alifu N, Lam JWY, Cui Y, Su H, Liang G, Qian J, Tang BZ. Facile Synthesis of Efficient Luminogens with AIE Features for Three-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of the Brain through the Intact Skull. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000364. [PMID: 32350951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of the brain in its native environment is important for understanding common brain diseases. Herein, bright luminogens with remarkable aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics and high quantum yields of up to 42.6% in the solid state are synthesized through facile reaction routes. The synthesized molecule, namely BTF, shows ultrabright far-red/near-infrared emission and can be fabricated into AIE dots by a simple nanoprecipitation procedure. Due to their high brightness, large Stokes shift, good biocompatibility, satisfactory photostability, and large three-photon absorption cross section, the AIE dots can be utilized as efficient fluorescent nanoprobes for in vivo brain vascular imaging through the intact skull by a three-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging technique. This is the first example of using AIE dots for the visualization of the cerebral stroke process through the intact skull of a mouse with high penetration depth and good image contrast. Such good results are anticipated to open up a new venue in the development of efficient emitters with strong nonlinear optical effects for noninvasive bioimaging of living brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Nuernisha Alifu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of photonics), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuhan Cui
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huifang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of photonics), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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39
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Pozzi P, Smith C, Carroll E, Wilding D, Soloviev O, Booth M, Vdovin G, Verhaegen M. Anisoplanatic adaptive optics in parallelized laser scanning microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14222-14236. [PMID: 32403465 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhomogeneities in the refractive index of a biological microscopy sample can introduce phase aberrations, severely impairing the quality of images. Adaptive optics can be employed to correct for phase aberrations and improve image quality. However, conventional adaptive optics can only correct a single phase aberration for the whole field of view (isoplanatic correction) while, due to the highly heterogeneous nature of biological tissues, the sample induced aberrations in microscopy often vary throughout the field of view (anisoplanatic aberration), limiting significantly the effectiveness of adaptive optics. This paper reports on a new approach for aberration correction in laser scanning confocal microscopy, in which a spatial light modulator is used to generate multiple excitation points in the sample to simultaneously scan different portions of the field of view with completely independent correction, achieving anisoplanatic compensation of sample induced aberrations, in a significantly shorter time compared to sequential isoplanatic correction of multiple image subregions. The method was tested in whole Drosophila brains and in larval Zebrafish, each showing a dramatic improvement in resolution and sharpness when compared to conventional isoplanatic adaptive optics.
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Rajaeipour P, Dorn A, Banerjee K, Zappe H, Ataman Ç. Extended field-of-view adaptive optics in microscopy via numerical field segmentation. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3784-3791. [PMID: 32400506 DOI: 10.1364/ao.388000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sample-induced optical aberrations in microscopy are, in general, field dependent, limiting their correction via pupil adaptive optics (AO) to the center of the available field-of-view (FoV). This is a major hindrance, particularly for deep tissue imaging, where AO has a significant impact. We present a new wide-field AO microscopy scheme, in which the deformable element is located at the pupil plane of the objective. To maintain high-quality correction across its entirety, the FoV is partitioned into small segments, and a separate aberration estimation is performed for each via a modal-decomposition-based indirect wavefront sensing algorithm. A final full-field image is synthesized by stitching of the partitions corrected consecutively and independently via their respective measured aberrations. The performance and limitations of the method are experimentally explored on synthetic samples imaged via a custom-developed AO fluorescence microscope featuring an optofluidic refractive wavefront modulator.
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41
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Papadopoulos IN, Jouhanneau JS, Takahashi N, Kaplan D, Larkum M, Poulet J, Judkewitz B. Dynamic conjugate F-SHARP microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:110. [PMID: 32637077 PMCID: PMC7326995 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy is an indispensable tool in biomedical sciences, but its reach in deep tissues is limited due to aberrations and scattering. This problem can be overcome by wavefront-shaping techniques, albeit at limited fields of view (FOVs). Inspired by astronomical imaging, conjugate wavefront shaping can lead to an increased field of view in microscopy, but this correction is limited to a set depth and cannot be dynamically adapted. Here, we present a conjugate wavefront-shaping scheme based on focus scanning holographic aberration probing (F-SHARP). We combine it with a compact implementation that can be readily adapted to a variety of commercial and home-built two-photon microscopes. We demonstrate the power of the method by imaging with high resolution over extended FOV (>80 µm) deeper than 400 μm inside a mouse brain through a thinned skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N. Papadopoulos
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Naoya Takahashi
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt University, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Kaplan
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt University, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Larkum
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt University, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - James Poulet
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Judkewitz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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42
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Hu L, Hu S, Li Y, Gong W, Si K. Reliability of wavefront shaping based on coherent optical adaptive technique in deep tissue focusing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900245. [PMID: 31622537 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront shaping can compensate the wavefront distortions in deep tissue focusing, leading to an improved penetration depth. However, when using the backscattered signals as the feedback, unexpected compensation bias may be introduced, resulting in focusing position deviations or even no focus in the illumination focal plane. Here we investigated the reliability of wavefront shaping based on coherent optical adaptive technique in deep tissue focusing by measuring the position deviations between the foci in the illumination focal plane and the epi-detection plane. The experimental results show that when the penetration depth reaches 150 μm in mouse brain tissue (with scattering coefficient ~22.42 mm-1 ) using a 488 nm laser and an objective lens with 0.75 numerical aperture, the center of the real focus will deviate out of one radius range of the Airy disk while the optimized focus in the epi-detection plane maintained basically at the center. With the penetration depth increases, the peak to background ratio of the focus in the illumination focal plane decreases faster than that in the epi-detection plane. The results indicate that when the penetration depth reaches 150 μm, feedback based on backscattered signals will make wavefront shaping lose its reliability, which may provide a guidance for applications of non-invasive precise optogenetics or deep tissue optical stimulation using wavefront shaping methods. A, Intensity distribution in the epi-detection plane and the illumination focal plane before and after correction, corresponding to brain sections with 250 and 300 μm thickness, respectively. Scale bar is 2 μm. B, Averaged focusing deviations in the epi-detection plane (optimized) and the illumination focal plane (monitored) after compensation. The unit of the ordinate is one Airy disk diameter. Black dashed line represents one Airy disk radius. Bars represent the SE of each measurement set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Neurobiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Hu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Younong Li
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Si
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Neurobiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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43
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Mastiani B, Ohn TL, Vellekoop IM. Scanning a focus through scattering media without using the optical memory effect. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5226-5229. [PMID: 31674974 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront shaping makes it possible to form a focus through opaque scattering materials. In some cases, this focus may be scanned over a small distance using the optical memory effect. However, in many cases of interest, the optical memory effect has a limited range or is even too small to be measured. In such cases, one often resorts to measuring the full transmission matrix (TM) of the sample to completely control the light transmission. However, this process is time-consuming and may not always be possible. We introduce a new method, to the best of our knowledge, for focusing and scanning the focus at any arbitrary position behind the medium by measuring only a subset of the TM, called sparse field focusing (SFF). With SFF, the scan range is not limited to the memory effect, and there is no need to measure the full TM. Our experimental results agree well with our theoretical model. We expect that this method will find applications in imaging through scattering media, especially when the optical memory effect range is small.
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44
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Romito M, Pu Y, Stankovic KM, Psaltis D. Imaging hair cells through laser-ablated cochlear bone. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5974-5988. [PMID: 31799058 PMCID: PMC6865115 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an innovative technique for the visualization of cells through an overlying scattering medium by combining femtosecond laser bone ablation and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy. We demonstrate the technique by imaging hair cells in an intact mouse cochlea ex vivo. Intracochlear imaging is important for the assessment of hearing disorders. However, the small size of the cochlea and its encasement in the densest bone in the body present challenging obstacles, preventing the visualization of the intracochlear microanatomy using standard clinical imaging modalities. The controlled laser ablation reduces the optical scattering of the cochlear bone while the TPEF allows visualization of individual cells behind the bone. We implemented optical coherence tomography (OCT) simultaneously with the laser ablation to enhance the precision of the ablation and prevent inadvertent damage to the cells behind the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Romito
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ye Pu
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Konstantina M. Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Demetri Psaltis
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Takasaki KT, Tsyboulski D, Waters J. Dual-plane 3-photon microscopy with remote focusing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5585-5599. [PMID: 31799032 PMCID: PMC6865092 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3-photon excitation enables in vivo fluorescence microscopy deep in densely labeled and highly scattering samples. To date, 3-photon excitation has been restricted to scanning a single focus, limiting the speed of volume acquisition. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we implemented and characterized dual-plane 3-photon microscopy with temporal multiplexing and remote focusing, and performed simultaneous in vivo calcium imaging of two planes beyond 600 µm deep in the cortex of a pan-excitatory GCaMP6s transgenic mouse with a per-plane framerate of 7 Hz and an effective 2 MHz laser repetition rate. This method is a straightforward and generalizable modification to single-focus 3PE systems, doubling the rate of volume (column) imaging with off-the-shelf components and minimal technical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T. Takasaki
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dmitri Tsyboulski
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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46
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Vesga AG, Hofer M, Balla NK, De Aguiar HB, Guillon M, Brasselet S. Focusing large spectral bandwidths through scattering media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28384-28394. [PMID: 31684592 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront shaping is a powerful method to refocus light through a scattering medium. Its application to large spectral bandwidths or multiple wavelengths refocusing for nonlinear bio-imaging in-depth is however limited by spectral decorrelations. In this work, we demonstrate ways to access a large spectral memory of a refocus in thin scattering media and thick forward-scattering biological tissues. First, we show that the accessible spectral bandwidth through a scattering medium involves an axial spatio-spectral coupling, which can be minimized when working in a confocal geometry. Second, we show that this bandwidth can be further enlarged when working in a broadband excitation regime. These results open important prospects for multispectral nonlinear imaging through scattering media.
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Chen Y, Liu S, Liu H, Tong S, Tang H, Zhang C, Yan S, Li H, Yang G, Zhu D, Wang K, Wang P. Coherent Raman Scattering Unravelling Mechanisms Underlying Skull Optical Clearing for Through-Skull Brain Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9371-9375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yage Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hongji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Shen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Huajun Tang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Haozheng Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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48
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Label-free neuroimaging in vivo using synchronous angular scanning microscopy with single-scattering accumulation algorithm. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3152. [PMID: 31316065 PMCID: PMC6637127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Label-free in vivo imaging is crucial for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of many important biological systems in their most native states. However, the applicability of existing modalities has been limited to either superficial layers or early developmental stages due to tissue turbidity. Here, we report a synchronous angular scanning microscope for the rapid interferometric recording of the time-gated reflection matrix, which is a unique matrix characterizing full light-specimen interaction. By applying single scattering accumulation algorithm to the recorded matrix, we removed both high-order sample-induced aberrations and multiple scattering noise with the effective aberration correction speed of 10,000 modes/s. We demonstrated in vivo imaging of whole neural network throughout the hindbrain of the larval zebrafish at a matured stage where physical dissection used to be required for conventional imaging. Our method will expand the scope of applications for optical imaging, where fully non-invasive interrogation of living specimens is critical. A major challenge of in vivo imaging is imaging deeper, including in turbid tissue. The authors report an adaptive optics based microscope that uses coherent single scattering signal to reduce sample-induced aberrations and enable fast deep-tissue imaging of in vivo larval zebrafish brain.
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Osnabrugge G, Amitonova LV, Vellekoop IM. Blind focusing through strongly scattering media using wavefront shaping with nonlinear feedback. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:11673-11688. [PMID: 31053010 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scattering prevents light from being focused in turbid media. The effect of scattering can be negated through wavefront shaping techniques when a localized form of feedback is available. Even in the absence of such a localized reporter, wavefront shaping can blindly form a single diffraction-limited focus when the feedback response is nonlinear. We developed and experimentally validated a model that accurately describes the statistics of this blind focusing process. We show that maximizing the nonlinear feedback signal only results in the formation of a focus when a limited number of reporters are contributing to the signal. Using our model, we can calculate the minimal requirements for the number of controlled spatial light modulator segments and the order of nonlinearity to blindly focus light through strongly scattering media.
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50
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In vivo imaging for neurovascular disease research. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:263-273. [PMID: 30756309 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Connections between various cell types in the brain enable cognitive function. The neurovascular unit is a structure composed of different cell types that regulate neurovascular coupling, blood-brain barrier permeability, and other interactions with peripheral systems. The relationship among the components of the neurovascular unit is complex and difficult to study without the use of in vivo neurovascular disease imaging. In this review, we introduce principles and examples of various in vivo optical imaging techniques including laser Doppler flowmetry, laser speckle contrast imaging, intrinsic optical signal imaging, optical coherence tomography, and two-photon microscopy. Furthermore, we introduce recent advances of in vivo imaging and future directions for promoting neurovascular disease research.
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